Pfeg 72 Dcdncabrgiåg
Zufrpfrca ckef`cgta y prfhaz. Ygnarghcøk y huc`g`as `f fkifrefråg Bufrrg-Infhog ME. Zufrpfrca karegn y pgtanøbcha. Zratahana 0. Zratahanas gscstfkhcgnfs fk bckfhanabåg y adstftrchcg, XFBA, 7330 Dgma Grfkgs ME, Bakzçnfz `f Gbþfra T. Hgedcas icscanøbchas `f ng eumfr `urgktf fn pufrpfrca. Fk Egkugn `f gscstfkhcg gn pgrta y pufrpfrca karegn. Igdrf F (f`), ]grgbazg, 7336 Xgktgegråg T. Gscstfkhcg gn pufrpfrca oaspctgngrca. Fk Egkugn `f gscstfkhcg gn pgrta y pufrpfrca karegn. Igdrf F (f`.), ]grgbazg, 7336 Hukkckboge IB, Bgkt KI, Nfvfka LM ft gn. Rcnncges Adstftrchcg, 47ª f`. Eg`rc`= Zgkgefrchgkg, 4::0 Xfburgkyfs Bucnnat B. Fkifrefråg egtfrkgn. Dgrhfnakg= Egssak, 7336 Haectã `f Nghtgkhcg Egtfrkg `f ng Gsahcghcøk Fspg÷ang `f Zf`cgtråg. Nghtgkhcg Egtfrkg= buåg pgrg praifscakgnfs. Eg`rc`= Eakabrgiågs `f ng G.F.Z K½ 6, 4::0 @akgt Hanaefr I, Egfstrf Zartg EX. Fkifrefråg egtfrkgn y bckfhanøbchg. Dgrhfnakg= Egssak, 4::7 An`s XD, Nak`ak EN, Ng`fwcb ZR. Fkifrefråg egtfrkackigktcn, 0ª f`. Eãxcha= Cktfrgefrchgkg, 7336 Durraubos G, Nfcifr B. Fkifrefråg egtfrkackigktcn, ?ª f`. Eãxcha= Cktfrgefrchgkg, 4::4 @c`akg KG, Egrls EB, Luee T. Fkifrefråg egtfrkgn. Eãxcha= EhBrgw-Ocnn Cktfrgefrchgkg, 7332 @chlgsak FM, Xcnvfregk DN, Lgpngk MG. Fkifrefråg egtfrkackigktcn, 8ª f`. Easdy, 7333 ]ngtkcl IM= Zufrpfrca karegn y gkaregn. Ck Xhaut MT ft gn= Prgtg`a `f adstftrchcg y bckfhanabåg `f @gkiarto, 9ª f`. Eãxcha= Cktfrgefrchgkg EhBrgw-Ocnn, 7330 Ghcãk Çnvgrfz Z. Prgtg`a `f adstftrchcg y bckfhanabåg. Adstftrchcg. Gnchgktf= Eannay, 4::7 Vsgk`czgbg MG, `f ng Iufktf Z. Prgtg`a `f adstftrchcg y bckfhanabåg. Eg`rc`= Cktfrgefrchgkg, 7332 Taygn Hannfbf ai Ec`wcvfs. Nghtgkhcg egtfrkg pgrg praifscakgnfs. Dgrhfnakg= GHZGE, 7330
Admftcvas
Xgdfr huçnfs sak nas huc`g`as kfhfsgrcas `f ng eumfr trgs fn kghcecfkta
f`ctarcgn } hfp
7. ZVFTZFT ZV FTZFTCA CA CKEF@CG CKEF@CGPA PA S ZTFHA] 7.7 Cktra`uhhcøk G. @fickchcøk `f pufrpfrca Ftceanøbchgefktf, pufrpfrca prahf`f `f nas vahgdnas ngtckas pufr (quf scbkcichg kc÷a) y pfrc (gnrf`f`ar `f). Fstg fxprfscøk fvahg fn eaefkta dcanøbcha quf suhf`f trgs fn kghcecfkta. Fn pufrpfrca puf`f `fickcrsf haea fn pfrca`a `f tcfepa trgkshurrc`a `fs`f ng ickgnczghcøk `fn pgrta ogstg uk nåectf vgrcgdnf, bfkfrgnefktf 9 sfegkgs, fk quf ahurrf ng prcefrg efkstrughcøk y fn arbgkcsea ifefkcka vufnvf g ng karegnc`g`. Ng rfbrfscøk gn fstg`a prfvca gn fedgrgza kukhg fs haepnftg, pfrscstcfk`a pfquf÷as hgedcas quf kas pfrectfk `cifrfkhcgr g ng kuncbfstg `f ng eumfr quf og tfkc`a gnbýk fedgrgza a pgrta.
D. Ftgpgs Fn pufrpfrca sf `cvc`f hnçschgefktf fk trfs ftgpgs, quf sf `cifrfkhcgk fktrf så tgkta par nas ghaktfhcecfktas icscanøbchas y pschanøbchas quf gndfrbgk, haea par nas rcfsbas `f sgnu` quf puf`fk gpgrfhfr fk fnngs. Fk haksfhufkhcg, nas huc`g`as `f sgnu` quf prfhcsgk sfrçk tgedcãk `cifrfktfs.
g. Zufrpfrca ckef`cgta Xu `urghcøk fs `f 40 oargs, y fk ãn `fstghgeas uk pfrca`a `f tcfepa `f `as oargs trgs ng tfreckghcøk `fn pgrta `urgktf fn hugn fn ýtfra hakscbuf ng ofeastgscg `fickctcvg. Fk fsgs `as prcefrgs oargs fs ghaksfmgdnf quf ng puãrpfrg pfregkfzhg fk ukg zakg `f vcbcngkhcg fspfhcgn, yg quf fs fn pfrca`a fk fn quf ogy egyar rcfsba pgrg ng eumfr par pfncbra `f ofearrgbcg.
d. Zufrpfrca prfhaz a prapcgefktf `choa Ogstg fn 2½ `åg paspgrta. @urgktf fstg igsf sf pra`uhfk nas ifkøefkas ckvanutcvas eçs cepartgktfs.
h. Zufrpfrca tgr`åa @fs`f fn ?½ `åg paspgrta ogstg nas 0:-06 `ågs. @urgktf fn pufrpfrca sf pra`uhfk ukg sfrcf `f hgedcas ckvanutcvas `fn gpgrgta bfkctgn y `f ta`a fn arbgkcsea `f ng eumfr, quf `ftfreckgk ea`cichghcakfs g`gptgtcvgs fk ngs kfhfsc`g`fs `f sgnu` `f ãstg. Gn ecsea tcfepa, sf ckstgurg ukg kufvg iukhcøk, ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg, y pastfrcarefktf, rfgpgrfhfk ng avunghcøk y ng efkstrughcøk. G`feçs, `fdf pra`uhcrsf ng g`gptghcøk `f ng eg`rf y `fn rfhcãk kghc`a g ngs kufvgs hcrhukstgkhcgs y gn fktarka igecncgr. Gså, ng vgnarghcøk y fn huc`g`a `f ng puãrpfrg `fdfk ckhnucr ck hnucr uk fkiaquf tgkta icscanøbcha haea pschasahcgn.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
7.4 Hgedcas icscanøbchas G. Hgedcas bfkctgnfs g. Hufrpa utfrcka • Ckvanuhcøk utfrckg Fn tãrecka ckvanuhcøk sf usg pgrg `fshrcdcr ng rf`uhhcøk rçpc`g fk fn tgeg÷a utfrcka y su rfbrfsa g ukg sctughcøk scecngr gn fstg`a prfvca gn fedgrgza. Ckef`cgtgefktf `fspuãs `f ng fxpunscøk `f ng pnghfktg, fn ýtfra fs uk ørbgka gd`aeckgn quf nnfbg g ng ectg` `f ng `cstgkhcg fktrf fn aedncba y ng såkicscs `fn pudcs, pfra fk ngs oargs suhfscvgs, y `fdc`a g ng prfsfkhcg `f haçbunas cktrghgvctgrcas, gså haea g nas hgedcas fk fn scstfeg ncbgefktgrca `f sastãk, fn iak`a utfrcka gshcfk`f y gnhgkzg fn kcvfn `fn aedncba, gpraxceg`gefktf haea ukg bfstghcøk `f 4: sfegkgs< fk fsas eaefktas fn ýtfra pfsg 7 Lb. Fn ýtfra ý tfra prfsfktg gn tghta ukg hakscstfkhcg bnadunasg y icref, haea uk pu÷a hfrrg`a, y fs `fn tgeg÷a gpraxceg`a `f ukg hgdfzg iftgn. Ng icrefzg sf `fdf g ng haktrghhcøk tøkchg `fn ýtfra, na quf pfrectf ng iareghcøk `f ngs ncbg`urgs vcvcfktfs `f Zckgr`, efhgkcsea par fn hugn sf hcfrrgk ngs daqucnngs vgshungrfs `f ng zakg `f cksfrhcøk pnghfktgrcg y sf iareg fn bnada `f sfburc`g` `f Zckgr`. Ef`cgktf fstf ofhoa sf hakscbuf uk efhgkcsea ofeastçtcha fichgz. Vk iak`a supfrcar gn aedncba y dngk`a (sf scfktf sugvf y fspakmasa, fk nubgr `f icref y dcfk haktrgå`a) sf rfnghcakg hak ofearrgbcg utfrckg fxhfscvg. Hakiaref ng sgkbrf sf ghueung y iareg haçbunas fk fn ýtfra, fn iak`a sf fnfvg, sf cktfrruepfk ngs haktrghhcakfs icrefs `fn eýshuna utfrcka y fsta pravahg uk ýtfra gtøkcha. Hugk`a fn iak`a fs eçs gnta `f na quf sf fspfrg y sf `fsvåg `f ng nåkfg ef`cg (hgsc scfeprf g ng `frfhog), `fdf saspfhogrsf `cstfkscøk vfschgn. Zufsta quf nas ncbgefktas utfrckas gýk fstçk fstcrg`as, ukg vfmcbg nnfkg puf`f eavfr fn ýtfra. Fn ýtfra pfregkfhf g kcvfn `fn aedncba gnrf`f`ar `f uk `åg, y nufba, hg`g `åg pastfrcar `fn pufrpfrca, `fshcfk`f g ng pfnvcs ukg `cstgkhcg gpraxceg`g `f uk trgvãs `f `f`a. Gn ickgn `f ng prcefrg sfegkg `fn pufrpfrca, fn ýtfra tcfkf fn tgeg÷a `f ukg bfstghcøk `f 74 sfegkgs, su iak`a sf pgnpg par fkhceg `fn pudcs y su pfsa fs gprax. 6:: br. Gn ickgn `f ng sfbuk`g sfegkg fs uk ørbgka tatgnefktf cktrgpãnvcha y su pfsa fs `f ukas 86: br. Xc ng eumfr gegegktg g su ocma, ng ncdfrghcøk `f axctahckg `f ng ocpøicscs pastfrcar, ng hugn fs ukg rfspufstg g ng suhhcøk, puf`f pravahgr quf fn ýtfra `fshcfk`g hak eçs rgpc`fz oghcg ng pfnvcs. Xgnva quf fxcstgk haepnchghcakfs haea ckifhhcøk a rftfkhcøk `f irgbefktas pnghfktgrcas, fn ýtfra sf gpraxceg gn tgeg÷a ka bfstgktf gnrf`f`ar `f ngs 9 sfegkgs paspgrta, scfk`a su pfsa `f ?:-7:: br.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
HVG@TA 7= CKYANVHCØK VPFTCKG ZVFTZFTGN. PAEG@A @F @AKGP HANAEFT I. FKIFTEFTÅG EGPFTKGN S BCKFHANØBCHG Eaefkta pufrpfrgn
Zfsa utfrcka
Papabrgiåg
Prgs fxpunscøk pnghfktg
Ectg` `fn aedncba/pudcs
40 oargs
Aedncba
@åg 8
4-8 trgvfsfs dgma aedncba
@åg 6
Ectg` `fn aedncba/pudcs
@åg 2
6:: br.
@åg 7:
8 trgvfsfs sadrf pudcs Xåkicscs pýdchg
@åg 76
86: br.
Tftrapýdcha
Xfegkg 9
?:-7:: br.
Xøna par tghta dcegkugn
G na ngrba `f fstf pfrca`a, su vanuefk `cseckuyf 7:: vfhfs y su pfsa 7: vfhfs< pgsg `f pfsgr 7::: b g 7::b. Nas hgedcas fk fn tgeg÷a utfrcka sf `fdfk prckhcpgnefktf g quf sf rf`uhf ng nakbctu` `fn ýtfra, yg quf fn `cçeftra trgksvfrsgn pfregkfhf rfngtcvgefktf hakstgktf `urgktf fn pufrpfrca. Fn guefkta `fn tfmc`a hakfhtcva y ng fngstckg fk fn ecaeftrca, gså haea fn guefkta `f ng vgshungrczghcøk y `f ngs hãnungs ecaeftrcgnfs quf ka vufnvfk g tfkfr fxghtgefktf su tgeg÷a prfvca, oghfk quf gn ickgn `f ng ckvanuhcøk pufrpfrgn fn ýtfra sfg gnba egyar quf gktfs `fn fedgrgza. Nas ightarfs quf igvarfhfk ng ckvanuhcøk utfrckg ckhnuyfk uk trgdgma `f pgrta y pgrta sck haepnchghcakfs, ng fxpunscøk haepnftg `f nas pra`uhtas `f ng hakhfphcøk, ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg y ng `fgedunghcøk tfeprgkg. S nas ightarfs quf rftrgsgk `chog ckvanuhcøk sf `fshrcdfk fk fn scbucfktf hug`ra= HVG@TA 4= IGHPATFX WVF TFPTGXGK NG CKYANVHCØK VPFTCKG. PAEG@A @F AN@X X, NAK@AK E, NG@FRCB Z. FKIFTEFTÅG EGPFTKACKIGKPCN. 0ª F@. Ightar
Tgzakgecfkta
Prgdgma `f pgrta pranakbg`a
Tfngmghcøk `f nas eýshunas par fn tcfepa pranakbg`a `f haktrghhcøk `urgktf fn trgdgma `f pgrta
Gkfstfscg
Zravahg rfngmghcøk eushungr
Zgrta `ciåhcn
Egkcpunghcøk fxhfscvg `fn ýtfra
Brgk euntcpgrc`g`
@cstfkscøk rfpftc`g `fn ýtfra `urgktf fn fedgrgza y trgdgma `f pgrta quf pravahg fstcrgecfkta eushungr, efkar taka y rfngmghcøk eushungr
Yfmcbg nnfkg
@fspngzg fn ýtfra oghcg grrcdg y g ng `frfhog, ng prfscøk sadrf fn ýtfra cktfricfrf hak ng haktrghhcøk fifhtcvg
Fxpunscøk ckhaepnftg `f ng pnghfktg a ngs efedrgkgs
Ng prfsfkhcg `f rfstas `f tfmc`a cktfricfrf hak ng hgpghc`g` `fn ýtfra pgrg pfregkfhfr hak ukg haktrghhcøk icref
Ckifhhcøk
Ng ckingeghcøk cktfricfrf hak ng hgpghc`g` `fn eýshuna utfrcka pgrg haktrgfrsf `f iareg fifhtcvg
f`ctarcgn } hfp
Ngs haktrghhcakfs utfrckgs `urgktf fn pufrpfrca sak praparhcakgnefktf eçs cktfksgs quf `urgktf fn pgrta, par ng `cseckuhcøk `fn tgeg÷a utfrcka, pfra sak efkas `anarasgs yg quf ka sf `cngtg fn hãrvcx utfrcka, kc sf fstcrg fn sufna `f ng pfnvcs. @urgktf nas prcefras `ågs `fspuãs `fn pgrta, sf puf`fk pfrhcdcr fpcsa`cas cktfrectfktfs `f `anar nahgnczg`a fk ocpabgstrca, sak nas `fkaeckg`as fktufrtas. Karegnefktf gpgrfhfk `urgktf nas prcefras 4 a 8 prcefras `ågs `fn pufrpfrca, y sak eçs haeukfs fk euntåpgrgs quf fk prceåpgrgs, `fdc`a g ng pãr`c`g `f takchc`g` `f ng icdrg eushungr, quf kfhfsctg haktrgfrsf hak eçs irfhufkhcg pgrg adtfkfr fn taka g`fhug`a. Fk ngs eumfrfs quf nghtgk, fstgs haktrghhcakfs guefktgk fk cktfksc`g` y irfhufkhcg par ng sfhrfhcøk `f axctahckg, na quf sf pra`uhf haea rfspufstg gn rfinfma kfuraoareakgn `fsfkhg`fkg`a par ng suhhcøk quf fifhtýg fk kfakgta fk fn pfzøk `f ng n g eg`rf.
• Tfbfkfrghcøk `fn fk`aeftrca Fk nas 4 a 8 `ågs quf scbufk gn pgrta, ng parhcøk `f `fhc`ug quf pfregkfhf `fktra `fn ýtfra sf sfpgrg fk `as hgpgs. Ng hgpg supfrichcgn sf vufnvf kfhrøtchg, ecfktrgs quf ng g`yghfktf gn ecaeftrca ka suirf fstg gntfrghcøk. Ng prcefrg sf `fsprfk`f hak nas naqucas, ecfktrgs quf ng sfbuk`g, quf haktcfkf nas iak`as `f ngs bnçk`ungs fk`aeftrcgnfs, hakstctuyf ng dgsf `f rfbfkfrghcøk pgrg uk kufva fk`aeftrca. Fn fk`aeftrca sf `fsgrranng g pgrtcr `f ng prancifrghcøk `f nas rfstas bngk`ungrfs, y fn fstraeg na oghf g pgrtcr `fn tfmc`a hakmuktcva cktfrbngk`ungr. Fstf prahfsa `f rfbfkfrghcøk fs rçpc`a, fxhfpta fk fn nubgr `ak`f sf gsfktgdg ng pnghfktg. Fk fn rfsta `f ng supfrichcf utfrckg fn fpctfnca ng tgpczg fk ukg sfegkg a `cfz `ågs, y ta`a fn fpctfnca quf`g rfstgurg`a gpraxceg`gefktf gn ickgn `f ng tfrhfrg sfegkg `fspuãs `fn pgrta. Ocstanøbchgefktf fstf fk`aeftrca prfsfktg ukg rfghhcøk nfuhahctgrcg, quf ka sf `fdf hakiuk`cr hak ukg fk`aeftrctcs irgkhg, scka quf fs pgrtf `fn prahfsa rfpgrg`ar icscanøbcha. Ng igsf oareakgn `f ng rfbfkfrghcøk `fn fk`aeftrca haecfkzg g pgrtcr `fn `åg 46 y sf fxtcfk`f ogstg gpraxceg`gefktf fn `åg 06 `fn pufrpfrca. Fn fk`aeftrca tcfkf yg fktakhfs gspfhta prancifrgtcva, `fdc`a g ng ghhcøk `f nas fstrøbfkas. Ng rfgku`ghcøk `fn hchna efkstrugn hugk`a ka ogy nghtgkhcg sf adsfrvg, eçs a efkas, g pgrtcr `fn `åg 06 `fn pufrpfrca.
• Tfbfkfrghcøk `fn nfhoa pnghfktgrca Ng rfpgrghcøk `fn nfhoa pnghfktgrca fs uk prahfsa quf tgr`g ogstg 9 sfegkgs fk haepnftgrsf. Fstf prahfsa tcfkf brgk cepartgkhcg hnåkchg, parquf hugk`a fs `fichcfktf puf`f ogdfr ukg ofearrgbcg pufrpfrgn `f gpgrchcøk tgr`åg. Ckef`cgtgefktf `fspuãs `fn gnuedrgecfkta, fn nfhoa pnghfktgrca tcfkf uk tgeg÷a gpraxceg`gefktf cbugn gn `f ng pgneg `f ukg egka, pfra `cseckuyf hak rgpc`fz, `f iareg quf gn ickgn `f ng sfbuk`g sfegkg søna ec`f trfs a hugtra he. `f `cçeftra. Zaha tcfepa `fspuãs `fn pgrta, ng rfbcøk `ak`f sf gsfktgdg ng pnghfktg quf`g rf`uhc`g g ukg sfrcf `f vfsåhungs traedasg`gs quf g`aptgk ukg hgrghtfråstchg `cspaschcøk `f traeda. Xc ng ckvanuhcøk `f ng rfbcøk pnghfktgrcg hakscstcfrg sangefktf fk fn `fsgrranna `f fstas ifkøefkas, hg`g fedgrgza `fmgråg ukg hchgtrcz icdrasg fk fn fk`aeftrca, ncectgk`a pastfrcarefktf fn kýefra `f fedgrgzas iuturas. Fk nubgr `f iaregr ukg hchgtrcz icdrasg fk ng `fhc`ug, fn sctca pnghfktgrca hurg par ef`ca `f uk prahfsa `f fxiancghcøk. Fn nfhoa pnghfktgrca sf rf`uhf par fn hrfhcecfkta `fn tfmc`a fk`aeftrcgn tgkta `f nas eçrbfkfs `f ng zakg haea `fn iak`a `f ngs bnçk`ungs bnçk`un gs fk`aeftrcgnfs quf quf`grak fk ng hgpg dgsgn `fn sctca `f cepngktghcøk. Fn tfmc`a supfrichcgn ckigrtg`a suirf kfhrascs y sf `fsprfk`f. Fs gså ng fxiancghcøk uka `f nas gspfhtas eçs cepartgktfs `f ng ckvanuhcøk.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
• Naqucas @fs`f ng gepncg supfrichcf `fhc`ugn, y fk pgrtchungr `fs`f ng zakg `f ng ofrc`g pnghfktgrcg, sf iareg uk inuma sfraofeçtcha quf ng puãrpfrg vg g fnceckgr par våg vgbckgn `urgktf vgrcas `ågs, sak nas naqucas, quf g na ngrba `f fsas `ågs vgk ea`cichgk`a su haepaschcøk y su gspfhta, fk iukhcøk `fn prf`aeckca `f uka u atra `f sus haepakfktfs (sfrasa, ofeçtcha, nckiçtcha y fpctfncgn). Fn fstu`ca echrashøpcha `f nas naqucas eufstrg quf fstçk iareg`as par ofegtåfs, rfstas `f `fhc`ug, hãnungs fpctfncgnfs y dghtfrcgs. Xf fstceg quf fn vanuefk tatgn `f naqucas quf sf fnceckgk `urgktf fn pfrca`a pufrpfrgn fs `f 46:-8:: b. Ng hgktc`g` `cseckuyf brg`ugnefktf, fnceckçk`asf ngs » `fn tatgn fk fn hursa `f ng prcefrg sfegkg. Hrakanøbchgefktf nas naqucas sak= - naqucas ramas ramas a „nahocg rudrg―, quf `urgk `f 4 g 8 `ågs. Haktcfkfk sgkbrf sgkbrf hgsc hgsc fxhnuscvgefktf, fxhnuscvgefktf, hak pfquf÷as irgbefktas `f efedrgkgs y rfstas iftgnfs haea ngkuba, vãrkcx y efhakca. - naqucas rasg`as rasg`as a „nahocg „nahocg sfrasg―, quf gpgrfhfk `urgktf fn rfsta rfsta `f ng 7ª sfegkg y `urgktf ng 4ª. Haktcfkfk efkas sgkbrf y eçs fxu`g`a, nfuhahctas y `fhc`ug fk fstg`a `f `fbfkfrghcøk brgsg. - naqucas dngkhas a „nahocg gndg―, sak naqucas eçs hrfeasas quf gpgrfhfk g ef`c`g quf guefktg fn kýefra `f nfuhahctas, mukta hak fn eaha hfrvchgn, hrcstgnfs `f hanfstfran y echraarbgkcseas. HVG@TA 8= HGTGHPFTÅXPCHGX @F NAX NAWVCAX. PAEG@A @F @CHLGXAK FM, XCNYFTEGK DN, LGZNGK MG. FKIFTEFTÅG EGPFTKACKIGKPCN, 8ª F@ Tamas
Xfrasas
Dngkhas
Hanar
Tama drcnngktf, sgkbuckanfkta
Zgr`a-rasg`a
Dngkha-hrfeasa
Haçbunas
Zfquf÷as haçbunas
Xck haçbunas
Xck haçbunas
Anar
Ncbfrgefktf „hçrkcha―
Cka`aras
Cka`aras a hak anar g rgkhca
@urghcøk
7-8 `ågs
6-2 `ågs
7-8 sfegkgs
Gnrf`f`ar `f ng 6ª sfegkg `fspuãs `fn pgrta hfsg ng fxpunscøk `f naqucas. Zuf`f ahurrcr quf gnbukgs eumfrfs fnceckfk naqucas ramas `urgktf 70-76 `ågs sck quf fnna puf`g haksc`frgrsf pgtanøbcha, gså haea quf gn nfvgktgrsf gn hugrta a quckta `åg sf pra`uzhg ukg rfhru`fshfkhcg `f nas naqucas ramas (na quf sf hakahf haea fn „pgrtcnna― `f nas tahønabas irgkhfsfs). Nas naqucas tcfkfk uk anar pfhuncgr, huyg cktfksc`g` vgråg fk hg`g eumfr `fpfk`cfk`a `fn tcpa `f inarg dghtfrcgkg. Vk anar iãtc`a puf`f ck`chgr fk`aeftrctcs. Nas naqucas, haea sf og ck`chg`a, haktcfkfk bãrefkfs quf fk prckhcpca sak hgptg`as g su pgsa par ng vgbckg, pufs ogstg ngs 0? oargs `fn pgrta ng n g hgvc`g` utfrckg sufnf fstgr ncdrf `f bãrefkfs. Zfra g pgrtcr `fn tfrhfr `åg ogy ukg hanakczghcøk dghtfrcgkg `f ng hgvc`g` utfrckg, gukquf fstas bãrefkfs ka gtrgvcfsgk ngs pgrf`fs `fn ýtfra. Nas bãrefkfs fkhaktrg`as sak iuk`gefktgnefktf fstrfptahahas y F. hanc. Kukhg sf fkhufktrgk fstrfptahahas dftg-ofeanåtchas, su prfsfk-
f`ctarcgn } hfp
hcg sfråg pufs scbka `f ckifhhcøk pufrpfrgn. Haea ef`ca `fifkscva, ng gepncg vgshungrczghcøk utfrckg y ngs prapcf`g`fs dghtfrchc`gs `fn tfmc`a `f brgkunghcøk utfrcka, gsfburgk ukg hgvc`g` utfrckg vcrtugnefktf fstãrcn, scfeprf quf fxcstg uk dufk `rfkgmf. Nas praifscakgnfs sgkctgrcas quf trgdgmfk hak eumfrfs puãrpfrgs `fdfk taegr fk haksc`frghcøk fn ofhoa `f quf nas naqucas g pgrtcr `f ngs 0? oargs `fn pgrta sak partg`arfs `f hanakcgs `f bãrefkfs, y par na tgkta, patfkhcgnefktf ckifhhcasas. Fk haksfhufkhcg, `fdfk sfr egkfmg`as hak ngs prfhguhcakfs ocbcãkchgs y praicnçhtchgs g`fhug`gs. Gukquf fk euhoas hgsas sf egktcfkf fn hanar ramcza `f nas naqucas ogstg `as sfegkgs, su pfrscstfkhcg eçs gnnç `f fstf tcfepa ck`chg rftfkhcøk `f pfquf÷gs parhcakfs `f pnghfktg, ckvanuhcøk cepfrifhtg `f ng rfbcøk pnghfktgrcg, a gedgs hasgs.
d. Hufnna utfrcka Prgs fn gnuedrgecfkta, fn hufnna y fn sfbefkta utfrcka ckifrcar fstçk hangpsg`as y inamas. Fn dar`f fxtfrka `fn hufnna, quf harrfspak`f gn arcichca hfrvchgn fxtfrka (AHF), sufnf `fsbgrrgrsf, sadrf ta`a oghcg nas ng`as. Fn arcichca hfrvchgn sf haktrgf nfktgefktf `urgktf gnbukas `ågs. Ckef`cgtgefktf `fspuãs `fn pgrta, fn hufnna utfrcka gpgrfhf dngk`a y f`fegtasa, y g`ectf hak ighcnc`g` g su trgvãs `as `f`as, pfra gn ickgn `f ng prcefrg sfegkg sf og fstrfhog`a tgkta quf fs `ciåhcn ng cktra`uhhcøk `f uk `f`a. G ef`c`g quf fn arcichca hfrvchgn sf fstrfhog, fn hufnna sf fkbrufsg y sf vufnvf g iaregr fn hgkgn fk`ahfrvchgn. Gn ickgn `f ng prcefrg sfegkg fn fxgefk hanpashøpcha rfinfmgrç uk hãrvcx hak fquceascs, fhtapcg y nghfrghcakfs quf hchgtrczgrçk haepnftgefktf fktrf fn prcefr y tfrhfr efs paspgrta. Gn tfreckgr ng ckvanuhcøk, fn AHF ka rfhupfrg par haepnfta su gspfhta prfbrçvc`a, scka quf pfregkfhf gnba eçs gkhoa, y fk fn nubgr `f ngs nghfrghcakfs quf`gk `fprfscakfs ngtfrgnfs pfregkfktfs quf sak hgrghtfråstchgs `f ng euntcpgrc`g`. G`feçs fn AHF quf`g gngrbg`a fk sfktc`a trgksvfrsgn, ka puktciaref haea na frg gktfs `fn prcefr pgrta, `cifrfkhcçk`asf fktakhfs uk ngdca gktfrcar y atra pastfrcar, `f tgn ea`a quf oghcg ng 9ª sfegkg paspgrta gsuef fn hgrghtfråstcha hgrghtfråstcha gspfhta fk „oahcha `f tfkhg―.
h. Ygbckg y vunvg Ckef`cgtgefktf `fspuãs `fn pgrta ng vgbckg fstç dngk`g, infxcdnf y fs içhcnefktf `cstfkscdnf. Ng euhasg sf vf f`fegtasg y sufnf fstgr fquceøtchg. Fn cktracta fstç ngxa, gdcfrta y tcfkf paha taka eushungr. Ng vgbckg y ng vunvg, `urgktf ng prcefrg pgrtf `fn pufrpfrca, iaregk uk fspghcasa hak`uhta `f pgrf`fs ncsgs quf kgturgnefktf `cseckuyf `f tgeg÷a, gukquf kukhg vufnvfk g ng hak`chcøk `f kunåpgrg. Fn ocefk rgsbg`a hchgtrczgrç, iaregk`a kø`unas icdrasas `f euhasg nngeg`as hgrýkhungs ecrtciarefs, hgrghtfråstchgs `f eumfrfs quf ogk pgrc`a. G ngs trfs sfegkgs `cseckuyf ng ocpfrfecg, hak na quf sf rf`uhf fn f`feg y rfgpgrfhfk ngs grrubgs y pncfbufs hgrghtfråstchas `f ng vgbckg. Fn fpctfnca pfregkfhf gtrøicha `urgktf ngs prcefrgs sfcs sfegkgs, y g pgrtcr `f fsf eaefkta, sf rfstgdnfhf ng tatgnc`g` `f sus hgpgs, rfhupfrçk`asf gså ng fhanabåg vgbckgn karegn, fn pO çhc`a y, fk haksfhufkhcg, ng iukhcøk gktcckifhhcasg prapcg `f fstf ørbgka. Gså pufs, ng rfhupfrghcøk tatgn `f ng vgbckg sf pra`uhf fk ngs g`fhug`gs hak`chcakfs, `f iareg fspaktçkfg, `urgktf sfcs sfegkgs.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
Fn brg`a `f traicsea `f ng euhasg vgbckgn fk ngs eumfrfs quf nghtgk ka gnhgkzg ng karegnc`g` ogstg ng 9ª sfegkg a eçs tgr`f. Fsta sf `fdf g ng igntg `f fståeuna fstrabãkcha, na quf haktrcduyf g uk `ãichct `f nudrchghcøk vgbckgn, quf ahgscakg g vfhfs eanfstcgs fk ngs rfnghcakfs sfxugnfs. Ng vunvg y fn pfrckã sf eufstrgk inçhc`as f ocpatøkchas, g hgusg `f ng `cstfkscøk iarzg`g y `f ng haeprfscøk pra`uhc`g par fn trgkshursa iftgn. Ng ckvanuhcøk `f ng rfbcøk vunvapfrckfgn fstgrç hak`chcakg`g par ng gusfkhcg a prfsfkhcg `f ofrc`gs pfrckfgnfs (fpcscarrgicg a suturg `f `fsbgrras), ofegtaegs, fth. Ngs nfscakfs `fn hgkgn dngk`a (hufnna utfrcka, vgbckg, vunvg, ocefk a pfrckã) sufnfk hchgtrczgr `f ea`a rçpc`a, scfk`a fn tãrecka ef`ca `as sfegkgs.
`. Eushungturg pãnvchg Fs irfhufktf uk hcfrta brg`a `f `fshfksa `f ng eushungturg trgs fn pgrta, fspfhcgnefktf `f ng pgrf` vgbckgn gktfrcar. Fn pfrckã, quf `urgktf fn pgrta og suirc`a ukg brgk `cstfkscøk, y nas eýshunas, ogk `f fstrgtcichgrsf `f kufva ogstg nabrgr su fstg`a prcectcva, na quf sf hakscbuf gpraxceg`gefktf g ngs trfs sfegkgs, sc dcfk ukg icrefzg `fickctcvg ka sf gnhgkzg gktfs `f nas `as efsfs.
D. Hgedcas bfkfrgnfs g. Zfrctakfa y pgrf` gd`aeckgn G ef`c`g quf fn ecaeftrca sf haktrgf y fxpfrcefktg rftrghhcøk, cbugnefktf trgs fn pgrta haea `ågs `fspuãs `fn ecsea, fn pfrctakfa quf rfhudråg ng egyar pgrtf `fn ýtfra vg pnfbçk`asf y grrubçk`asf. Nas ncbgefktas gkhoas y rf`ak`as fstçk euhoa eçs ngxas quf gktfs `fn fedgrgza y rfqucfrfk dgstgktf tcfepa pgrg rfhupfrgrsf `f ng `cstfkscøk suirc`g `urgktf ng brgvc`fz. Ngs pgrf`fs gd`aeckgnfs quf`gk `urgktf gnbýk tcfepa dngk`gs y inçhc`gs, haea rfsuntg`a `f ng raturg `f ngs icdrgs fnçstchgs `f ng pcfn y `f ng pranakbg`g `cstfkscøk hgusg`g par fn guefkta `fn tgeg÷a `fn ýtfra brçvc`a. Ng rfhupfrghcøk `f su takchc`g` sf nabrg `f iareg nfktg fk ngs prcefrgs sfcs sfegkgs `fspuãs `fn pgrta, a gktfs sc sf pakfk fk prçhtchg fmfrhchcas iåschas g`fhug`as pgrg fnna. Gså, ng pgrf` gd`aeckgn rfhupfrg su gspfhta prfbfstghcakgn, pfra hugk`a nas eýshunas fstçk gtøkchas, fs pascdnf quf sf egktfkbg ng inghhc`fz. Xc ng `cstfkscøk gd`aeckgn og sc`a euy cepartgktf, fk ng nåkfg ef`cg `fn gd`aefk sf puf`f gprfhcgr g ng pgnpghcøk ukg sfpgrghcøk egrhg`g `f nas eýshunas rfhtas, a `cçstgscs `f nas eýshunas rfhtas. Fk fstf hgsa, ng pgrf` gd`aeckgn vfhckg g ng nåkfg ef`cg fstgråg iareg`g søna par pfrctakfa, igshcg g`fnbgzg`g, brgsg sudhutçkfg y pcfn.
d. Zãr`c`g `f pfsa y dgngkhf oå`rcha Fxcstf ukg pãr`c`g `f pfsa ckchcgn `f gpraxceg`gefktf 6 lb. par fn kghcecfkta `fn nghtgktf, fxpunscøk `f ng pnghfktg y nåquc`a gekcøtcha. Xf hakstgtg tgedcãk ukg pãr`c`g `f pfsa harpargn `f 0 lb. `urgktf fn pufrpfrca< fstg `cseckuhcøk sf `fdf gn nåquc`a pfr`c`a par fn guefkta `f `curfscs y su`arghcøk (`cgiarfscs pufrpfrgn).
f`ctarcgn } hfp
@urgktf ng prcefrg sfegkg paspgrta sf fnceckgk ukas 4 nctras `f gbug, y fk ngs hckha sfegkgs scbucfktfs ng pãr`c`g fs `f 7,6 nctras, prahf`fktfs fk su egyaråg `fn fspghca fxtrghfnungr, na quf `g nubgr g uk dgngkhf oå`rcha kfbgtcva. Xfbýk Xhogudfrbfr y han. (7334), ng egyaråg `f ngs eumfrfs sf gpraxcegk g su pfsa prfvca gn fedgrgza sfcs efsfs `fspuãs `fn pgrta, pfra haksfrvgk uk sadrfpfsa praef`ca `f 7,0lb. Ngs eumfrfs quf guefktgk su pfsa eçs `f 3-7: lb. `urgktf fn fedgrgza sak ngs quf vgk g prfsfktgr egyar `cifrfkhcg fktrf fn pfsa gktfs y `fspuãs `fn fedgrgza.
h. Xcstfeg urckgrca Vkg sfrcf `f ightarfs haea fn guefkta `f ng hgpghc`g` vfschgn, fn f`feg y ng n g haktuscøk `f ng euhasg vfschgn pfrcurftrgn g haksfhufkhcg `fn trguegtcsea `fn pgrta, ng efkar sfkscdcnc`g` gn nnfkg`a vfschgn y ng `cichuntg` pgrg arckgr fk paschcøk oarczaktgn, oghfk quf ng puãrpfrg prfsfktf uk gnta rcfsba `f= sadrf`cstfkscøk `f ng vfmcbg hak ckhaktckfkhcg par rfdasgecfkta, vghcgecfkta ckhaepnfta y ghýeuna `f arckg rfsc`ugn. Fn taka `f ng vfmcbg fstç fspfhcgnefktf `cseckuc`a fk hgsa `f uk pgrta pranakbg`a, pgrta ckstruefktgn, a par nas fifhtas `f ng gkfstfscg y gkgnbfscg. Gså, ngs eumfrfs quf tuvcfrak gkfstfscg hak`uhtcvg `urgktf fn trgdgma `fn pgrta prfsfktgk ckocdchcøk `fn haktran kfuranøbcha `f ng vfmcbg, scfk`a eçs sushfptcdnfs g ngs haepnchghcakfs urckgrcgs. Ng tgsg `f icntrghcøk bnaefrungr sf egktcfkf gntg `urgktf ng prcefrg sfegkg paspgrta, y fsta mukta hak fn egyar vanuefk `f sgkbrf hcrhungktf, fxpnchg fn ckhrfefkta `f ng `curfscs, `f gpraxceg`gefktf 8 nctras gn `åg `urgktf nas prcefras 0-6 `ågs trgs fn pgrta. @fspuãs ng iukhcøk bnaefrungr vufnvf g ng karegnc`g` hak rgpc`fz, `fshfk`cfk`a tgedcãk fn inuma sgkbuåkfa rfkgn. Fk hgsa `f prffhngepscg, ocpfrtfkscøk hrøkchg y `cgdftfs, puf`f guefktgr `f iareg katgdnf ng rftfkhcøk `f nåquc`as prfvcg gn pgrta y ng `curfscs pufrpfrgn guefktgrç tgedcãk fk praparhcøk.
Ng arckg rfsc`ugn y ng dghtfrcurcg fk ukg vfmcbg trguegtczg`g, mukta g nas urãtfrfs y pfnvcs rfkgnfs `cngtg`as f ocpatøkchas, hrfgk ngs hak`chcakfs øptcegs pgrg fn `fsgrranna `f ckifhhcakfs urckgrcgs. Xf prfhcsg pufs ukg huc`g`asg gtfkhcøk `f ngs eumfrfs fk fn paspgrta, ghaksfmçk`asf ng hanahghcøk fstãrcn `f ukg sak`g vfschgn fk fn hgsa `f quf ka puf`gk vghcgr ng vfmcbg par så ecsegs, prfvckcfk`a gså ukg brgk pgrtf `f nas n as pradnfegs urckgrcas.
`. Xcstfeg Xcstfeg bgstracktfstck bgstracktfstckgn gn Fn fstøegba, fn cktfstcka `fnbg`a y fn cktfstcka brufsa vufnvfk g ahupgr su udchghcøk karegn y `cseckuyf ng sfhrfhcøk `f pfpsckg. Ng eatcnc`g` y fn taka bgstracktfstckgn vufnvfk g ng karegnc`g` fk 4 sfegkgs. @urgktf nas prcefras 4-8 `ågs ng eumfr sufnf fstgr sf`cfktg, par ng rf`cstrcduhcøk hcrhungtarcg y fn ckhrfefkta `f ng `c urfscs. Ng gpgrchcøk `fn fstrf÷cecfkta fs uk ofhoa irfhufktf y fstç hgusg`a par nas prahfsas icscanøbchas, pfra tgedcãk haktrcduyfk atras ightarfs= - Ng rfngmghcøk rfngmghcøk eushungr `fn rfhta, rfhta, hak hak uk `adnf arcbfk= arcbfk= trgueçtcha y oareakgn, - Ng g`eckcstrghcøk `fn fkfeg prfpgrta,
f`ctarcgn } hfp
- Ng rfstrchhcøk rfstrchhcøk `f nåquc`as („`cftg gdsanutg―) gdsanutg―) `urgktf fn trgdgma trgdgma `f pgrta, - Ng paschcøk `f `fhýdcta y ng ckeavcnc`g`, - Nas içreghas g`eckcstrg`as `urgktf fn pgrta pgrta y fn gnuedrgecfkta, gnuedrgecfkta, y - Fn `anar hgusg`a par ngs ofearrac`fs, ofearrac`fs, nghfrghcakfs nghfrghcakfs y ng fpcscataeåg, quf puf`fk irfkgr irfkgr ng `fifhghcøk. Ng ckbfstg `f nåquc`as y sønc`as sf rftrgsg hugk`a ng eumfr og tfkc`a uk pgrta par hfsçrfg ogstg quf sf rfgku`gk nas ruc`as cktfstckgnfs. Fk fstas hgsas puf`fk rfqufrcrsf vgrcas `ågs pgrg quf fn cktfstcka rfhupfrf su taka. Ng tanfrgkhcg sf ckchcgrç hak nåquc`as, pgrg eçs tgr`f ckhnucr nas gncefktas sønc`as. Xf rfhaecfk`g ng `fgedunghcøk tfeprgkg trgs ng cktfrvfkhcøk pgrg prfvfkcr ngs eanfstcgs par eftfarcsea cktfstckgn. Pgkta sc ng eumfr og tfkc`a ukg hfsçrfg, haea fk pgrtas `ciåhcnfs f ckhnusa fk pgrtas karegnfs, puf`f gsfburgrsf ng karegnczghcøk `f ng iukhcøk cktfstckgn par ef`ca `f ngxgktfs sugvfs sck gdsarhcøk cktfstckgn. Fk gnbukas hgsas, puf`f sfr kfhfsgrcg ng g`eckcstrghcøk `f uk fkfeg a supasctarca pgrg igvarfhfr ng fvghughcøk.
f. Xcstfeg Tfspcrgtarca Nas hgedcas fk ng iukhcøk puneakgr `urgktf fn pufrpfrca sak euy rçpc`as, gn ea`cichgrsf fn haktfkc`a gd`aeckgn y ng hgpghc`g` `fn tørgx. Gn `cseckucr ng prfscøk fk ng hgvc`g` gd`aeckgn y `fsgpgrfhfr ng ghhcøk prabfstfrøkchg, fn `cgirgbeg puf`f rfgnczgr `f kufva sus eavcecfktas ogdctugnfs y sf rffstgdnfhf ukg rfspcrghcøk gd`øecka-hastgn. @fsgpgrfhf ng gnhgnascs rfspcrgtarcg, y ng hgpghc`g` rfspcrgtarcg eçxceg tgedcãk `cseckuyf `fspuãs `fn pgrta. @urgktf ngs prcefrgs sfegkgs paspgrta pfrscstf uk guefkta `f ng vfktcnghcøk fk rfpasa y `fn haksuea `f axåbfka, gså haea ukg rfspufstg efkas fichgz g ng ghtcvc`g` iåschg.
i. Fqucncdrc Fqucncdrca a çhc`a-dgsf Nas hgedcas fk fn fqucncdrca çhc`a-dgsf fvanuhcakgrçk sceuntçkfgefktf hak nas hgedcas rfspcrgtarcas. @urgktf fn pgrta fxcstf ukg ocpahgpkcg, uk guefkta `fn nghtgta y uk `fshfksa `fn pO fk sgkbrf egtfrkg, quf sf pranakbg `urgktf fn pufrpfrca ckef`cgta. Fk nas `ågs scbucfktfs sf pra`uhcrç uk guefkta oghcg ng karegnc`g` `f ng ZHA4, `fn fxhfsa `f dgsfs y `fn pO, scfk`a gnrf`f`ar `f ng tfrhfrg sfegkg paspgrta hugk`a sf hakscbufk nas vgnarfs karegnfs.
b. Hgedcas eftgdønc eftgdønchas has Fn eftgdancsea dgsgn, quf sf fkhufktrg guefktg`a fk fn pufrpfrca, vufnvf nfktgefktf g ng karegnc`g` fk ngs prcefrgs sfegkgs paspgrta, `f ea`a quf fk ng sfegkg 9 ng sctughcøk sf gsfefmg g ng prfvcg gn fedgrgza. Ng ghtcvc`g` eftgdønchg fs `f prf`aeckca hgtgdøncha, gn haktrgrca quf `urgktf fn fedgrgza. Nas kcvfnfs sãrchas `f hanfstfran y trcbnchãrc`as `fshcfk`fk scbkcichgtcvgefktf fk ngs prcefrgs 40 oargs paspgrta. Xc gpgrfhfk ocpfrncpfecgs paspgrta sf puf`fk haktrangr hak ng `cftg, ofhoa quf ka ahurrf `urgktf fn fedgrgza. Fn dgngkhf pratfcha vufnvf g ng karegnc`g` `urgktf fn pufrpfrca. Fn eftgdancsea `f nas oc`rgtas `f hgrdaka sf karegnczg prakta. Ng bnuhfecg dgsgn y pasprgk-
f`ctarcgn } hfp
`cgn `cseckuyfk fk fn paspgrta, prckhcpgnefktf `urgktf nas trfs prcefras `ågs, na hugn `cseckuyf nas rfqufrcecfktas `f cksunckg fk ngs eumfrfs `cgdãtchgs.
o. Hgedcas hgr`cavgshungr hgr`cavgshungrfs fs y ofegtanøbchas • Xfrcf dngkhg @urgktf fn trgdgma `f pgrta y `fspuãs `f ãn ogy ukg nfuhahctascs dgstgktf egrhg`g, nnfbgk`a g vfhfs fn rfhufkta `f nfuhahctas ogstg 8:.:::/en. Fstg hcirg `cseckuyf rçpc`gefktf `urgktf ng prcefrg sfegkg paspgrta.
• Xfrcf ramg Fk fn pgrta karegn ng pãr`c`g sgkbuåkfg fs gpraxceg`gefktf fktrf 0::-6::en `f sgkbrf pgrg nas pgrtas vgbckgnfs y hgsc fn `adnf fk nas pgrtas par hfsçrfg, na hugn pravahg ukg `cseckuhcøk fk fn rfhufkta `f ofegtåfs y ofeabnadckg. Fn ofegtahrcta fxpfrcefktg tgedcãk uk `fshfksa, `fdc`a ka tgk søna g ng pãr`c`g ofeçtchg, scka tgedcãk gn guefkta trgksctarca `fn vanuefk hcrhungktf, prfsfktgk`a vgnarfs karegnfs g ngs `as sfegkgs. Xf ckhrfefktg ng hgpghc`g` `f gbrfbghcøk cktrgvgshungr `f nas ofegtåfs, `ftfreckçk`asf gså uk guefkta `f ng vfnahc`g` `f sf`cefktghcøk bnadungr (YXB).
• Hagbunghcøk sgkbuåkfg Nas ightarfs `f hagbunghcøk quf sf ogk fnfvg`a `urgktf ng brgvc`fz tcfk`fk g egktfkfrsf gntas `urgktf fn prckhcpca `fn pufrpfrca, na quf prf`cspakf g ng eg`rf gn `fsgrranna `fn traedafedancsea< pgrg `cseckucr fstf rcfsba fs fsfkhcgn ng eavcnc`g` tfeprgkg y irfhufktf. Prgs fn gnuedrgecfkta sf pra`uhf uk `fshfksa drusha `fn kýefra `f pngquftgs fk sgkbrf, quf guefktgrçk `ågs `fspuãs, mukta hak ng g`ofrfkhcg pngquftgrcg (fstf ifkøefka mukta hak fn gktfrcarefktf efkhcakg`a guefktg fn rcfsba `f traedascs vfkasg). Fn icdrckøbfka, fn ightar YCCC y fn pngseckøbfka `fshcfk`fk `f iareg rçpc`g fk fn paspgrta ckef`cgta, pgrg nufba guefktgr ogstg gnhgkzgr kcvfnfs karegnfs fktrf fn 0½ y 9½ `åg `fn pufrpfrca, pratfbcfk`a g ng puãrpfrg irfktf g ng ofearrgbcg. Fn scstfeg icdrckanåtcha sf ghtcvg ckef`cgtgefktf `fspuãs `fn pgrta, guefktgk`a ng ghtcvc`g` `fn ghtcvg`ar `fn pngseckøbfka y nas pra`uhtas `f `fbrg`ghcøk `f ng icdrckg. Fn scstfeg icdrckanåtcha fstç fk fqucncdrca `ckçecha hak nas ightarfs quf praeufvfk ng hagbunghcøk. Haea haksfhufkhcg `f fnna, `fspuãs `fn pgrta, fn guefkta `f ng ghtcvc`g` icdrckanåtchg mukta hak fn haksuea `f kuefrasas ightarfs `f hagbunghcøk, subcfrfk uk brgk `fpøscta `f icdrckg fk fn nfhoa pnghfktgrca.
• Yanuefk sgkbuåkf sgkbuåkfa a @urgktf ng bfstghcøk sf pra`uhf ukg ocpfrvanfecg fk ng quf fn vanuefk tatgn `f sgkbrf pgsg `f 0 g 6-9 nctras. Ãstf guefkta `fsgpgrfhf `f iareg brg`ugn oghcg ng 4ª-8ª sfegkg paspgrta, scfk`a euhoa eçs ghusg`g fk nas prcefras `ågs. Ka adstgktf, ogy uk guefkta trgksctarca `fn vanuefk hcrhungktf gn hfsgr ng hcrhunghcøk pnghfktgrcg, y fstf prahfsa fs fn rfspaksgdnf `f ng cepartgktf `curfscs quf fxcstf fk nas prcefras `ågs `fn pufrpfrca, y ng `cgiarfscs a guefkta `f ng trgkspcrghcøk. Gnrf`f`ar `fn 8½-2½ `åg `fspuãs `fn pgrta sf adsfrvg uk `fshfksa `fn vanuefk pngseçtcha hak uk guefkta `fn ofegtahrcta.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
• Bgsta hgr`cgha @urgktf fn trgdgma `f pgrta guefktg fn bgsta hgr`ågha, quf sf egktcfkf fnfvg`a vgrcgs sfegkgs ogstg vanvfr g ng karegnc`g` sadrf ng 8ª sfegkg paspgrta. Fsta oghf quf fn pfrca`a paspgrta sfg ng ãpahg `f egyar rcfsba `f cksuichcfkhcg hgr`cghg fk ngs eumfrfs hak fkifref`g` hgr`cghg y hak rfsfrvg hgr`åghg ncectg`g.
c. Hgedcas fk`ahrckas Vka `f nas hgedcas oareakgnfs eçs cepartgktfs trgs fn pgrta fs ng rfgku`ghcøk `f ng efkstrughcøk y avunghcøk. Fn eaefkta fk fn quf gpgrfhf ng efkstrughcøk fs vgrcgdnf, fk nåkfgs bfkfrgnfs sf puf`f `fhcr quf= fk ngs eumfrfs quf ka nghtgk fn tcfepa ef`ca `f gpgrchcøk `f ng efkstrughcøk fs `f 2 g 3 sfegkgs, fk hgedca pgrg ngs quf nghtgk fstf pfrca`a sf puf`f gngrbgr ogstg 86 sfegkgs paspgrta (fk iukhcøk `fn tcfepa `f nghtgkhcg). Ogy quf `fstghgr fn ofhoa `f quf ng efkstrughcøk sf rfstgdnfhf gktfs quf ng avunghcøk, fs `fhcr ng egyaråg `f nas prcefras hchnas paspgrta sak gkavungtarcas, pfra fk gqufnngs eumfrfs quf `gk nghtgkhcg eçs `f sfcs efsfs fxcstf tfk`fkhcg g avungr gktfs `f tfkfr ng prcefrg efkstrughcøk. Hugk`a sf ckchcg fn `fstftf guefktgk nas kcvfnfs `f NO y fstrg`can, g ng vfz quf `cseckuyf ng hakhfktrghcøk `f pranghtckg, ng iukhcøk avçrchg sf rfstgdnfhf y ng avunghcøk tcfkf nubgr fktrf 76 y 8: `ågs `fspuãs `fn `fstftf. Fn rfsta sf nas brgk`fs hgedcas oareakgnfs quf sf pra`uhfk trgs fn pgrta sf puf`fk rfsuecr `f ng scbucfktf iareg=
• Fstrøbfkas Nas kcvfnfs `f fstrøbfkas vgrågk fk iukhcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg. Zgrg gqufnngs eumfrfs quf ka gegegktgk g sus ocmas nas fstrøbfkas ka gnhgkzgk kcvfnfs ianchungrfs ogstg 8 sfegkgs paspgrta< pgrg ngs quf `gk nghtgkhcg egtfrkg y sf fkhufktrgk fk gefkarrfg fstf pfrca`a sf gngrbg, pufsta quf `chog gefkarrfg fs prckhcpgnefktf ocpafstrabãkchg.
• IXO y NO Nas kcvfnfs `f IXO y NO fstçk dgmas `urgktf nas 7:-74 prcefras `ågs paspgrta fk ta`gs ngs eumfrfs `fk a ka nghtgkhcg egtfrkg. @fspuãs, ng tgsg `f fstgs oareakgs vgråg fk iukhcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg. Gså, fk ngs eumfrfs quf ka nghtgk nas kcvfnfs sf karegnczgk ogstg nas prapcas `f ng igsf ianchungr fk ng 8ª sfegkg paspgrta, y fk ngs quf nghtgk scbufk `cseckuc`as `fdc`a g ng ckocdchcøk pra`uhc`g par ng sfhrfhcøk `f BkTO.
• Nghtøbfka pnghfktgrca Ka sf `ftfhtg `fspuãs `fn prcefr `åg paspgrta.
• Oareakg harcabakg`atrapg (OHB) Xf kfbgtcvczg fktrf fn 77½ y 79½ `åg paspgrta, scfk`a su dgmg`g euy ghusg`g fk ngs prcefrgs 24 oargs.
m. Xcstfeg eýshuna-fsquf eýshuna-fsqufnãtcha nãtcha Prgs ickgnczgr fn pgrta fs irfhufktf quf ng eumfr fxpfrcefktf hgksgkhca cktfksa f ckhnusa igtcbg eushungr par fn cepartgktf fsiufrza rfgnczg`a. Ckchcgnefktf, ng eumfr puf`f rfifrcr `anarfs
f`ctarcgn } hfp
eushungrfs fk ngs rfbcakfs nuedgr, gd`aeckgn y pfrckfgn, par ngs pasturgs g vfhfs iarzg`gs `urgktf ng `cngtghcøk y fn fxpunscva, pfra ãstas crçk hf`cfk`a hak ng rfhupfrghcøk. Pgedcãk sf sufnfk prfsfktgr hak rfngtcvg irfhufkhcg hgngedrfs fk ecfedras ckifrcarfs quf fs cepartgktf ka hakiuk`cr hak nas såktaegs `anarasas `f ukg traedainfdctcs.
l. Zcfn Ogy uk prcefr brupa `f gntfrghcakfs hutçkfgs g `fstghgr quf sak ngs quf puf`fk gpgrfhfr `urgktf fn fxpunscva haea haksfhufkhcg `f ukg egng tãhkchg `f puma a `f uk fxpunscva euy pranakbg`a, haea sak= ngs pftfqucgs, ofegtaegs hakmuktcvgnfs, ofearrgbcgs hgpcngrfs, fth., quf vgk g `fsgpgrfhfr hak praktctu` fk nas prcefras `ågs. S nufba tfkfeas ngs ocpfrpcbefktghcakfs efnçkchgs `f arcbfk oareakgn ghgfhc`gs `urgktf ng bfstghcøk, haea ng nåkfg gndg, fn hnagseg, ng grfang egegrcg, fth., quf ckvanuhcakgrçk fk fn pfrca`a pufrpfrgn pfra `f iareg eçs n fktg. Hak rfspfhta g ngs fstrågs brgvå`chgs gd`aeckgnfs, `f hanarghcøk rama-gzung`g, hgedcgk `f hanar y sf tarkgk drcnngktfs y kghgrg`gs, y bfkfrgnefktf pfrscstfk g na ngrba `fn tcfepa.
7.8 Hgedcas pschasahcgnfs Zahas ghaktfhcecfktas ogy fk ng vc`g tgk nnfkas `f feahcakfs cktfksgs haea fn kghcecfkta `f uk ocma. Fs cepartgktf rfsgntgr quf g`feçs `f ng brgk hgktc`g` `f hgedcas icscanøbchas quf sf pra`uhfk fk fn pfrca`a paspgrta, fs irfhufktf quf ng eg`rf, su pgrfmg y ng igecncg sf vfgk `fsdar`g`as par ukg sfrcf `f hgedcas pschasahcgnfs trgs ng nnfbg`g `fn dfdã. Fstas hgedcas sak karegnfs y fspfrg`as. Gnbukas `f fnnas sak= fn vanvfr g vcvcr ng fxpfrcfkhcg `fn kghcecfkta, ngs rfspufstgs `f nas pg`rfs, quf ckhnuyfk ng rfghhcakfs egtfrkg y pgtfrkg, y fn våkhuna fktrf pg`rfs y rfhcãk kghc`as.
G. Yanvfr g vcvcr ng fxpfrcfkh fxpfrcfkhcg cg `fn kghcecfkt kghcecfkta a Fs uk ghaktfhcecfkta irfhufktf `fn quf ta`as nas pg`rfs ogdngrçk fk euhogs ahgscakfs. Fn rfngta g nas `feçs `f ng fxpfrcfkhcg vcvc`g `urgktf fn trgdgma `f pgrta y kghcecfkta gyu`g g nas pg`rfs y g ng pfrsakg `f gpaya g cktfbrgr ng fxpfrcfkhcg fk sus vc`gs `cgrcgs, haepgrgk`a su rfk`cecfkta rfgn fk fn pgrta hak ngs fxpfhtgtcvgs y igktgsågs prfvcgs.
D. Tfspufstgs `f nas pg`rfs Ngs rfghhcakfs egtfrkgs y pgtfrkgs g nas prahfsas `f trgdgma `f pgrta y kghcecfkta vgrågk. Fn pg`rf sufnf fstgr prfpgrg`a pgrg ng fxpfrcfkhcg `fn kghcecfkta, pfra ka scfeprf haeprfk`f y gprfhcg par haepnfta nas hgedcas iåschas y pschasahcgnfs quf fxpfrcefktg su pgrfmg. Tudck (7397) adsfrvø g ngs eumfrfs `urgktf fn pfrca`a `fn paspgrta ckchcgn, f c`fktcichø hcfrtgs hak`uhtgs quf sf rfpftågk g ef`c`g quf ngs eumfrfs gsueågk su kufva ran egtfrkgn. Tudck `fshrcdcø trfs ftgpgs a igsfs `f ng g`gptghcøk `fspuãs `fn kghcecfkta. Fstgs ftgpgs ckhnuyfk ng ghfptghcøk, fn gpaya y ng g`aphcøk `f kufvgs rfspaksgdcnc`g`fs.
g. Ftgpg `f ng ghfptghcøk Ng ghfptghcøk fs ng prcefrg ftgpg egtfrkg. @urgktf fn prcefr a sfbuk`a `åg `fn paspgrta ng eumfr tcfk`f g pfregkfhfr pgscvg, eufstrg ukg ghtctu` `fpfk`cfktf, scbuf subfrfkhcgs, subfrfkhcgs, `u`g sadrf ng taeg `f `fhcscakfs y sf prfahupg par sus kfhfsc`g`fs. Tfngtg rfpftc`gefktf su vfrscøk `f ng fxpfrcfkhcg
f`ctarcgn } hfp
`fn kghcecfkta, na hugn nf gyu`grç g gtrgvfsgr fn prahfsa, fstgdnfhfr ng `cifrfkhcg fktrf ng rfgnc`g` y su fxpfrcfkhcg c`fgn, y ghngrgr ngs `u`gs quf tfkbg.
d. Ftgpg Ftgp g `fn gpaya Fn gpaya fs ng sfbuk`g ftgpg egtfrkg. Pgedcãk sf `fkaeckg ftgpg `f trgkschcøk. Ng eumfr haecfkzg g rfhupfrgr fkfrbåg y fxpfrcefktg uk egyar dcfkfstgr iåscha. Gn sfbuk`a a tfrhfr `åg paspgrta fs pascdnf quf ta`gvåg sf scfktg cksfburg haea eg`rf rfhcfktf, pfra `fsfg pgrtchcpgr `f iareg ghtcvg y yg taeg `fhcscakfs ck`fpfk`cfktfs. Tfqucfrf quf sf nf hakicref quf rfgnczg dcfk fn pgpfn `f eg`rf.
h. Ftgpg `f g`aphcøk `f kufvgs rfspaksgdc rfspaksgdcnc`g`fs nc`g`fs Ng tfrhfrg ftgpg sf pra`uhf hugk`a ng eumfr g`aptg hak`uhtgs eçs ck`fpfk`cfktfs gn gsuecr su kufva ran egtfrkgn. Xufnf tfkfr nubgr `fspuãs `fn gntg, hugk`a ng eumfr rfhupfrg su sctca fk fn oabgr y haecfkzg g vfr gn rfhcãk kghc`a haea uk sfr ck`fpfk`cfktf. Xf pra`uhfk hgedcas fk su rfnghcøk hak ng pgrfmg y ng igecncg. Fn trgstarka `fn ran, pravahg`a par ngs kufvgs rfspaksgdcnc`g`fs y ngs fxcbfkhcgs g÷g`c`gs, puf`f nnfvgr g sfktcecfktas `f nfvf `fprfscøk a `f pãr`c`g. Ogdctugnefktf, ng eg`rf sf fkhufktrg euy ifncz f cnuscakg`g `fspuãs `fn kghcecfkta `f su ocma. Xck fedgrba, g vfhfs fxpfrcefktg uk sfktcecfkta hgsc `f ` fhfphcøk, y puf`f nnfbgr g fstgr nnarasg a crrctgdnf, g ef`c`g quf `cseckuyf ng fxhctghcøk y guefktg ng igtcbg. Prcstfzg paspgrta a „egtfrkcty dnufs― sak tãreckas usg`as pgrg `fshrcdcr nas sfktcecfktas `f trcstfzg `f ng eumfr, quf puf`fk ckhnucr nngkta, hgedcas `f ouear ceprfvcscdnfs y sfkscdcnc`g` fxgbfrg`g. Xf hrff quf fstas sfktcecfktas vgk gsahcg`as g= hgedcas oareakgnfs drushas, guefkta `f ng igtcbg, egnfstgr bfkfrgn, prfahupghcøk par su pfsa f cegbfk harpargn, a gn tfear a gkscf`g` par sus kufvgs rfspaksgdcnc`g`fs egtfrkgs y par fn rfstgdnfhcecfkta `f su rfnghcøk `f pgrfmg. Fstas såktaegs sufnfk gpgrfhfr gnrf`f`ar `fn tfrhfr `åg paspgrta y sf rfsufnvfk `f ea`a fspaktçkfa fk ukg sfegkg a `cfz `ågs. Fn gpaya, ng arcfktghcøk gktchcpg`g sadrf su pradgdnf gpgrchcøk y ngs hogrngs trgkqucnczg`args ghfrhg `f ng karegnc`g` `f fstas sfktcecfktas, gyu`gk g ng eumfr g giraktgrna. Xc nas såktaegs pfrscstfk a sf cktfkscichgk puf`f sfr kfhfsgrcg ukg vgnarghcøk par ng pascdcnc`g` `f quf `frcvfk fk ukg `fprfscøk paspgrta.
Fs uk såk`raef nfvf y trgksctarca quf sf prfsfktg ogstg fk uk ?:% `f ngs eg`rfs, y sf og haksc`frg`a haea uk prahfsa efktgn icscanøbcha `f g`gptghcøk g ng kufvg sctughcøk.
H. Yåkhunas fktrf pg`rfs f ocmas Ckef`cgtgefktf `fspuãs `fn kghcecfkta, nas pg`rfs y fn rfhcãk kghc`a haecfkzgk g „ukcrsf―. Tfkã G. Xpctz haksc`frg quf fn våkhuna egtfrkaicncgn sf `fsfkhg`fkg hak fn kghcecfkta.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
Ng ukcøk sf hakscbuf g trgvãs `fn haktghta vcsugn, `fn tghta, `fn rfhakahcecfkta `f ng vaz y `fn anigta. Zgrg ighcnctgr fn haktghta vcsugn, sf gyu`g g nas pg`rfs g g`aptgr paschcakfs quf igvarfzhgk fn haktghta vcsugn `crfhta hak fn rfhcãk kghc`a. Nas pg`rfs sufnfk ogdngr fk uk taka sugvf y euschgn pgrg nngegr ng gtfkhcøk `fn rfhcãk kghc`a `urgktf nas eaefktas fk quf sf fkhufktrg `fspcfrta y gnfrtg.
„Yckhunghcøk pgtfrka-icncgn fk ng sgng `f pgrtas―
Zgrg sfktcrsf ukc`as g sus pg`rfs nas dfdãs kfhfsctgk sfr habc`as fk drgzas y ghgrchcg`as par fnnas. Xck fedgrba, vgrcgs sctughcakfs irfhufktfs puf`fk cktfrifrcr fk fn fstgdnfhcecfkta `fn våkhuna par pgrtf `f ng eg`rf= eg` rf= igtcbg, `anar, iråa, fshgnairåa y tfednar, ogedrf, sf`, fth. Pgedc ãk hcfrtgs hak`chcakfs puf`fk rf`uhcr fn patfkhcgn `fn rfhcãk kghc`a pgrg ng cktfrghhcøk sahcgn= kcvfnfs `f gbfktfs gkgnbãschas y gkfstãschas quf og rfhcdc`a ng eg`rf pgrg fn gncvca `fn `anar `urgktf fn pgrta, fxtrfeas `f tfepfrgturg, suhhcøk, eanfstcg harpargn, fth. Ngs prcefrgs oargs trgs fn pgrta sak cepartgktfs fk fn `fsgrranna `fn våkhuna fktrf pg`rf, eg`rf y rfhcãk kghc`a. Nas pf`cgtrgs Lfkfnn MO y Lngus EO fstu`cgrak ng cepartgkhcg `fn haktghta prfhaz eg`rf/ocma `fspuãs `fn kghcecfkta, y su rfpfrhuscøk igvargdnf fk ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg y fk fn fstgdnfhcecfkta `f uk våkhuna feahcakgn quf `urgrç ta`g ng vc`g. Ogdngdgk `f uk pfråa`a sfkscdnf, fk nas prcefras eckutas y oargs `fspuãs `fn pgrta, fk fn quf nas pg`rfs `fdfk tfkfr haktghta fstrfhoa hak sus ocmas pgrg quf „fn `fsgrranna pastfrcar `f ãstas sfg øptcea―. Ngs tfarågs sadrf ng vckhunghcøk kas ogdngk `f quf fs ckkgtg. Xf trgtg `f uk cepunsa ckstcktcva quf hakscstf fk haepartgecfktas fspfhåichas `f ng fspfhcf, quf sf iareg g trgvãs `f cepunsas sfhuk`grcas. Hugk`a nas kfakgtas yg ka kfhfsctgk hakhfktrgr ng egyaråg `f su fkfrbåg fk ng rfspufstg iåschg y icscanøbchg gktf ng hrcscs ckef`cgtg `fn pgrta, sufnfk ghastgrsf trgkqucnas hak nas amas gdcfrtas, ecrgk gnrf`f`ar, sf eufvfk y rfgnczgk eavcecfktas `f suhhcøk. Xc sf hanahg prøxcea g ng eg`rf fkiahg su hgrg y gtcfk`f g su vaz `f iareg rfpftc`g fk nas prcefras eaefktas. Ng cepartgkhcg `f ng vckhunghcøk fstç rfhakahc`g gepncgefktf, gn cbugn quf nas fifhtas g`vfrsas quf puf`fk arcbckgrsf hugk`a ãstg ka ahurrf. Ng iareghcøk `fn våkhuna `fpfk`f `f kuefrasas ightarfs y puf`f rfiarzgrsf par fn gdar`gmf sfkscdnf `f nas praifscakgnfs `f ng sgnu` fk uk gedcfktf ouegka, fk fn hugn sf `g haksc`frghcøk prcear`cgn g ngs prfifrfkhcgs `f nas pg`rfs.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
Ngs haepnchghcakfs fk ng vckhunghcøk pgtfrkackigktcn puf`fk `grsf par fkifref`g` egtfrkg a fstgkhcg oaspctgngrcg `fn nghtgktf, fktrf atrgs. @urgktf fn pufrpfrca `fdf iaefktgrsf ng cktfrghhcøk igecncgr haktckug g trgvãs `f pfrsakgn quf drck`f gpaya, panåtchgs `f vcsctg ncdrf y airfhcecfktas f`uhgtcvas, tgkta pgrg fn pg`rf haea pgrg ng eg`rf.
7.0 Tfhupfrghcøk pufrpfrgn y haepnchghcakfs Hugk`a ickgnczg fn pufrpfrca, fn arbgkcsea `f ng eumfr `fdf ogdfr rfhupfrg`a, prçhtchgefktf fk su tatgnc`g`, ngs hak`chcakfs icscanøbchgs prapcgs `f ng eumfr ka bfstgktf. Zgrg haepradgr quf ng rfhupfrghcøk pufrpfrgn fvanuhcakg igvargdnfefktf fs prfhcsa ukg vgnarghcøk `urgktf `choa pfrca`a hak fn ick `f `ftfhtgr pascdnfs gntfrghcakfs fk fn fstg`a iåscha y pschasahcgn `f ng puãrpfrg. @fdf prfstgrsf fspfhcgn gtfkhcøk g ng g`gptghcøk pschanøbchg `f ng eumfr tgkta g ng egtfrkc`g`, haea g ng fxpfrcfkhcg vcvc`g fk fn eaefkta `fn pgrta y pufrpfrca ckef`cgta, yg quf sc pfrscstfk trguegs pschanøbchas, puf`fk rfpfrhutcr pastfrcarefktf `f iareg kfbgtcvg fk sus rfnghcakfs pschagifhtcvgs y sfxugnfs `f pgrfmg. Fk fn paspgrta ckef`cgta ngs haepnchghcakfs quf eçs irfhufktfefktf gpgrfhfk sak ngs `f tcpa ofearrçbcha y ngs urckgrcgs. Vkg vfz supfrg`as nas rcfsbas ckchcgnfs `f ofearrgbcg y soahl, fn prckhcpgn pfncbra, yg fk fn pufrpfrca prfhaz, fs fn `f ckifhhcøk. Ngs haepnchghcakfs pufrpfrgnfs sf prfsfktgk hak ukg `ftfreckg`g hrakanabåg, fk iukhcøk `f ngs trfs igsfs fvanutcvgs `fn pufrpfrca. Fk fn scbucfktf hug`ra quf`g rfinfmg`g ng `cstrcduhcøk `f ng eardcnc`g` fk fn pufrpfrca ckef`cgta, prfhaz y tgr`åa. HVG@TA ?= @CXPTCDVHCØK @F NG EATDCNC@G@ FK FN ZVFTZFTCA. PAEG@A @F @AKGP HANAEFT I, EGFXPTF ZATPG EX. FKIFTEFTÅG EGPFTKGN S BCKFHANØBCHG BCKFHANØBCHG.. Ckef`cgta
Zrfhaz
Pgr`åa
Ofearrgbcgs
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-
Gntfrghcakfs `f fnceckghcøk
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-
Gntfrghcakfs egegrcgs
-
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+
Gntfrghcakfs pschanøbchgs
-
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Ckifhhcøk pufrpfrgn
-
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Ckifhhcøk `f ngs ofrc`gs
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Praedainfdctcs
-
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Gntfrghcakfs sfxugnfs
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Prgs ng rfvcscøk eckuhcasg `f nas ckiarefs rfngtcvas gn hursa sfbuc`a par ng bfstghcøk, pgrta y pufrpfrca, `fdf oghfrsf ockhgpcã, ef`cgktf uk harrfhta cktfrrabgtarca, sadrf ngs gntfrghcakfs `f ng karegnc`g` quf puf`fk gpgrfhfr `urgktf fn pufrpfrca tgr`åa= scbkas ckingegtarcas nahgnfs fk ngs egegs, fpcscataeåg y fxtrfec`g`fs ckifrcarfs, scktaegtanabåg urckgrcg, prfsfkhcg `f eardcnc`g` ifdrcn, `cichuntg` a pradnfegs rfspcrgtarcas, rfspcrgtarcas, naqucas egnancfktfs a ofearrgbcg praiusg
f`ctarcgn } hfp
våg vgbckgn. Fn cktfrrabgtarca tgedcãk ckhnucrç prfbuktgs rfnghcakg`gs hak ng pascdnf rfgpgrchcøk `f ng efkstrughcøk y sus hgrghtfråstchgs hgrghtfråstchgs.. G haktckughcøk sf nnfvgrç g hgda ukg vgnarghcøk `fn fstg`a bfkfrgn `f ng eumfr= hanar `f ng pcfn y euhasgs (fk dushg `f gkfecg), hakstgktfs vctgnfs, fstg`a `f ngs egegs, fstg`a `fn pfrckã, fstg`a `f ng eushungturg gd`aeckgn, fth. Ickgnefktf, sf rfgnczgrç f`uhghcøk sgkctgrcg g ng eg`rf rfspfhta g= - Huçk`a gpgrfhfk gpgrfhfk ng efkstrughcøk efkstrughcøk y avunghcøk sfbýk fn fn tcpa `f nghtgkhcg. nghtgkhcg. - Ng hakvfkcfkhcg hakvfkcfkhcg `f utcnczgr eãta`as gktchakhfptcvas gn rfckchcgr rfckchcgr rfnghcakfs rfnghcakfs sfxugnfs. - Ng prçhtchg prçhtchg `f ukg tgdng `f fmfrhchcas `f bcekgscg pufrpfrgn (fmfrhchcas (fmfrhchcas fstceungktfs fstceungktfs `f ng hcrhunghcøk vfkasg `f ngs pcfrkgs, fm. rfspcrgtarcas, `f rfiufrza `fn sufna pãnvcha, `f ng eushungturg gd`aeckgn, nuedgr y pfhtargn). - Gspfhtas prçhtchas sadrf ng hrcgkzg `fn dfdã. - S hakhfptas dçschas sadrf= oçdctas bfkfrgnfs, gncefktghc gncefktghcøk, øk, ocbcfkf, vfstcefktg, sfxugnc`g sfxugnc`g` `y fktarka igecncgr. Ng egtrakg fs fn praifscakgn sgkctgrca quf fstç eçs prøxcea g ng eumfr fk nas huc`g`as `f sgnu` fk ngs `cifrfktfs ftgpgs `fn hchna vctgn `f ãstg. @urgktf fn pufrpfrca `fdf vcbcngr y huc`gr ngs hchgtrchfs pfrckfgnfs, `ftfhtgr ng prfsfkhcg `f såktaegs `f gngreg (ckhaktckfkhcg gkgn a urckgrcg, `anar gkgn, fth.), gså haea rfhaefk`gr ng rfgnczghcøk `f iareg hakstgktf `f fmfrhchcas quf gyu`fk g ng eumfr fk ng rfhupfrghcøk `fn taka eushungr, sadrf ta`a, `fn pfrckã y ng rfbcøk gd`aeckgn . Ng rfhupfrghcøk `fn taka eushungr y `f ng haepftfkhcg iukhcakgn `fn `cgirgbeg pãnvcha og `f ckchcgrsf prfhazefktf, ckhnusa gn sfbuk`a `åg paspgrta. Xf og haepradg`a quf fk fstf prahfsa ckvanutcva fs euy hakvfkcfktf ng prçhtchg `f fmfrhchcas eushungrfs pfrckfgnfs (fmfrhchcas `f Lfbfn) quf `cseckuyfk ng ckhaktckfkhcg par fstrãs, guefktgk ng iufrzg eushungr, ghfnfrgk ng rfhupfrghcøk y igvarfhfk ng rfspufstg sfxugn. Haea rfsuntg`a `f ng raturg `f ngs icdrgs fnçstchgs `f ng pcfn y `f ng pranakbg`g `cstfkscøk hgusg`g par fn guefkta `fn tgeg÷a `fn ýtfra brçvc`a, ngs pgrf`fs gd`aeckgnfs `f ng puãrpfrg quf`gk `urgktf gnbýk tcfepa dngk`gs y inçhc`gs. Ng rfhupfrghcøk `f su takchc`g` sf nabrg `f iareg nfktg fk ngs prcefrgs sfcs sfegkgs `fspuãs `fn pgrta, a gktfs sc sf pakfk fk prçhtchg fmfrhchcas iåschas g`fhug`as pgrg fnna. Zfra nas fmfrhchcas gd`aeckgnfs `fdfk ckchcgrsf scfeprf trgs haepradgr quf ng eushungturg `fn sufna pãnvcha fstç yg rfhupfrg`g y tcfkf dufk taka. Fk hgsa haktrgrca, fn guefkta `f prfscøk fk ng rfbcøk gd`aeckgn `cstcfk`f gýk eçs uk sufna pãnvcha yg `ftfrcarg`a par fn fedgrgza y fn pgrta.
4. YGNATGH YGNATGHCØK CØK S HVC@G@AX @F FKIFT FKIFTEFTÅG EFTÅG 4.7 Xfbucecfkta `fn pufrpfrca ckef`cgta y huc`g`as `f ng puãrpfrg G. Cktra`uhhcøk Fn pufrpfrca ckef`cgta ckhnuyf, haea yg ofeas `choa, ngs prcefrgs 40 oargs trgs fn kghcecfkta. @fktra `f fstf ngpsa `f tcfepa, ngs `as oargs ckchcgnfs sak ngs `f egyar rcfsba `f haepnchghcakfs,
f`ctarcgn } hfp
sadrf ta`a ofearrçbchgs, yg quf `urgktf fstf pfrca`a sf ckstgurgk nas efhgkcseas `f ofeastgscg harrfhtas. Gså, ng puãrpfrg fstgrç fsgs `as prcefrgs oargs fk ukg sgng fspfhcgnefktf `f`chg`g g ng gtfkhcøk paspgrta, quf `cspak`rç `f na kfhfsgrca pgrg fn haktran y trgtgecfkta `f ngs pascdnfs haepnchghcakfs quf sf puf`gk prfsfktgr. Zfregkfhfrç fk gyukgs y egktfk`rç ng vfkahncscs fstgdnfhc`g fk fn pgrta. Fk nas pgrtas vgbckgnfs, fn dfdã ghaepg÷grç g ng eg`rf fk ng sgng `f pufrpfrca ckef`cgta y sf nf gkcegrç g quf ckchcf ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg na eçs prakta pascdnf sc ng eumfr fstç `f ghufr`a. Gn cbugn quf `urgktf fn pgrta, fk fstf pfrca`a fstç rfhaefk`g`a fn ghaepg÷gecfkta `f ng puãr pfrg par pgrtf `f ng pgrfmg a gnbýk igecncgr, par rgzakfs iåschgs y feahcakgnfs. Vkg vfz quf ng puãrpfrg egktfkbg ngs hakstgktfs fstgdnfs y nas haktranfs rfgnczg`as fstãk `fktra `f ng karegnc`g`, pgsgrç g ng ukc`g` `f oaspctgnczghcøk. Nas huc`g`as `f ng eumfr fk fn pufrpfrca ckef`cgta `fdfk hudrcr ta`gs ngs kfhfsc`g`fs `f sgnu` `f ng puãrpfrg, y gdgrhgk= - Ngs ef`c`gs quf prfvcfkfk ng ofearrgbcg, ng ckifhhcøk, ng fkifref`g` fkifref`g` traedafedønchg traedafedønchg y ng ocpfrtfkscøk. - Ngs ef`c`gs quf gsfburgk gsfburgk fn dcfkfstgr `f ng eg`rf, haea haea sak ngs quf praparhcakgk gncvca fk ngs eanfstcgs pra`uhc`gs par ng fpcscataeåg y/a `fsbgrras, ofearrac`fs, ofearrac`fs, fktufrtas, ckburbctghcøk egegrcg y hgksgkhca eushungr. - Ng ckiareghcøk ckiareghcøk sadrf ng fvanuhcøk `fn pufrpfrca, sadrf ng nghtgkhcg y sadrf nas huc`g`as `fn rfhcãk kghc`a. - Vk gsfsargecfkta gsfsargecfkta quf hak`uzhg g su gutahuc`g`a y quf igvarfzhg ng cktfrghhcøk cktfrghhcøk pg`rfs-ocma. pg`rfs-ocma. Ng gtfkhcøk gn paspgrta ckef`cgta prfhcsg ukg vgnarghcøk haepnftg `fn fstg`a iåscha y pschasahcgn `f ng eumfr.
D. Huc`g`as iåschas Fk fstf pfrca`a sf `fdf haktrangr fxogustcvgefktf fn ýtfra y vgnargr ng pãr`c`g ofeçtchg. Adsfrvgrfeas fn fstg`a bfkfrgn, vgnargrfeas nas scbkas vctgnfs y fn fstg`a `f ng vfmcbg. @urgktf ng prcefrg oarg fk nas pgrtas futøhchas, y fk ngs `as prcefrgs oargs fk nas pgrtas `cstøhchas, hg`g 76 eckutas, `fdf vgnargrsf na scbucfktf= - kcvfn `f hakhcfkhcg, - hanar `f pcfn y euhasgs, - punsa y PG, - gnturg y hakscstfkhcg `fn ýtfra, - pãr`c`g ofeçtchg, - vfmcbg urckgrcg, y - fstg`a `fn pfrckã (ofegtaegs, sgkbrg`a, fth.).
f`ctarcgn } hfp
HVG@TA 0= HAKPTAN @F NG EVMFT FK FN ZVFTZFTCA CKEF@CGPA. PAEG@A @F XFBVTGKSFX BVCNNAP B. FKIFTEFTÅG EGPFTKGN. Haktranfs
:-4 o.
4-? o.
?-40 o.
Hanarghcøk `f pcfn y euhasgs
Hg`g 76 eck.
Hg`g 4o.
Hg`g ?o.
Kcvfn `f hakshcfkhcg
Hg`g 76 eck.
--
--
Zunsa y tfkscøk grtfrcgn
Hg`g 76 eck.
Hg`g 4o.
Hg`g ?o.
Gnturg y hakscstfkhcg `fn ýtfra
Hg`g 76 eck.
Hg`g 4o.
Hg`g ?o.
Zãr`c`g ofeçtchg
Hg`g 76 eck.
Hg`g 4o.
Hg`g ?o.
Yfmcbg urckgrcg
Hg`g 76 eck.
Hg`g 4o.
Hg`g ?o.
Ckspfhhcøk `fn pfrckã
Hg`g 76 eck.
Hg`g 4o.
Hg`g ?o.
Pfepfrgturg
Hg`g 7o.
Hg`g 8o.
Hg`g ?o.
@urgktf ngs oargs scbucfktfs, nas haktranfs paspgrta paspgrta sf rfgnczgrçk hg`g `as oargs ogstg ngs prcefrgs ? oargs. @fspuãs `f nnfvgr g hgda ukg harrfhtg fvgnughcøk `fn fstg`a `f sgnu` `f ng eg`rf, nas haktranfs yg puf`fk sfr hg`g ? oargs `urgktf fn rfsta `fn prcefr `åg. Nas prahf`cecfktas `f adsfrvghcøk `fdfk fifhtugrsf `f egkfrg huc`g`asg y sf cktfktgrç rfgnczgrnas sceuntçkfgefktf hak atrgs ghtcvc`g`fs, hak fn ick `f eckceczgr na quf sf puf`g fn kýefra `f cktfrruphcakfs g ng eumfr pgrg igvarfhfr gså su `fshgksa. Prgs fn pgrta, ng eumfr bfkfrgnefktf sf fkhufktrg hgksg`g par fn fsiufrza iåscha rfgnczg`a, gukquf su gspfhta sfg `f dcfkfstgr y rfngmghcøk. Vkg vfz quf ng eg`rf ogyg fstg`a hak fn dfdã y ng igecncg, sf `fdf igvarfhfr fn suf÷a rfpgrg`ar. Hak irfhufkhcg ng eumfr prfsfktg fshgnairåas hak tfednarfs musta `fspuãs `fn pgrta, na hugn sf rfnghcakg hak ukg rfspufstg kfuranøbchg a hak hgedcas vgsaeatarfs, eçs quf hak ng ircgn`g` `f ng sgng `f pgrtas a ogdctghcøk `f rfhupfrghcøk. Gnbukas gutarfs na gtrcduyfk g ukg `fichcfktf crrcbghcøk pfrciãrchg, parquf ng drushg `fshaeprfscøk gd`aeckgn pravahg uk ginuma sgkbuåkfa egscva oghcg nas ørbgkas gd`aeckgnfs. Fk fstf sfktc`a, fn fshgnairåa tfk`fråg g pravahgr hgnar haea `fifksg. Atras gutarfs apckgk quf fs `fdc`a g ng pfkftrghcøk `f irgbefktas echrashøpchas `f rfstas `f efedrgkgs, vãrkcx y taxckgs dghtfrcgkgs quf ghtugrågk haea echrafedancgs, y quf pra`uhcrågk fn fshgnairåa y fn gshfksa tãrecha. Bfkfrgnefktf ka rfqucfrf trgtgecfkta, sck fedgrba, fk nas hgsas `f ngrbg `urghcøk fs prfhcsa rfhurrcr g dansgs `f gbug hgncfktf, dfdc`gs hgncfktfs y gdrcbgr dcfk g ng puãrpfrg. Ng prfsfkhcg `f fshgnairåas y icfdrf `fspuãs `f ngs prcefrgs 40 oargs subcfrfk ckifhhcøk y rfqucfrfk ukg vgnarghcøk pastfrcar. Fk fn pufrpfrca ckef`cgta y `urgktf nas prcefras `ågs, fn punsa `f ng eumfr prfsfktg tfk`fkhcg g ng drg`chgr`cg (6:-2: Ngt. /eck.). Zuf`f rfnghcakgrsf hak fn efkar fsiufrza hgr`ågha, ng `cseckuhcøk `fn vanuefk sgkbuåkfa `fspuãs `f ng sfpgrghcøk pnghfktgrcg, ng haktrghhcøk utfrckg y fn guefkta `f vanuefk par ng haktrghhcøk. Fs paha irfhufktf quf fxcstg tgquchgr`cg y ãstg sf rfnghcakgråg hak uk guefkta `f ng pãr`c`g sgkbuåkfg, a uk trgdgma `f pgrta y pgrta `ciåhcn y pranakbg`a.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
Ka fxcstfk ea`cichghcakfs fspfhåichgs `f ng tfkscøk grtfrcgn fk ngs eumfrfs quf ka prfsfktgk pgtanabågs, par fnna ngs nfhturgs `f ng prfscøk sgkbuåkfg `fdfk pfregkfhfr fstgdnfs y `fktra `f ng karegnc`g` `fspuãs `fn pgrta. Vk `fshfksa puf`f rfnghcakgrsf hak ofearrgbcg utfrckg, y ukg fnfvghcøk haksc`frgdnf, sadrf ta`a sc sf ghaepg÷g `f hfignfg, subcfrf ocpfrtfkscøk ck`uhc`g par fn fedgrgza y rfqucfrf ukg vgnarghcøk eçs fstrchtg. Ng tfepfrgturg `f ng eg`rf `urgktf ngs 40 oargs pastfrcarfs gn gnuedrgecfkta pa`råg guefktgr ogstg 8?½H, `fdc`a g ng igtcbg eushungr y g ng rfgdsarhcøk `f sustgkhcgs, pfra `fspuãs `f `choa pfrca`a ka `fdf ogdfr icfdrf, y hugnqucfr fnfvghcøk `f ng tfepfrgturg par fkhceg `f 8? ½H subcfrf ckifhhcøk.
Ycbcngr ng pãr`c`g sgkbuåkfg, sadrf ta`a fk ngs `as prcefrgs oargs. G na ngrba `f ngs prcefrgs 40 oargs ka `fdf pfr`fr eçs `f 0::hh, sc ng hgktc`g` fs egyar, ogy quf ckvfstcbgr ng hgusg (gtakåg, rftfkhcøk `f uk hatcnf`øk, `fsbgrras, fth.)
„Ygnarghcøk `f iak`a utfrcka fk paspgrta ckef`cgta―
Gn vgnargr fn ýtfra, ãstf `fdf eastrgr ukg hakstrchhcøk harrfhtg. Xc fn ýtfra sf ognng gtøkcha a rfdngk`fhc`a, sf rfgnczgrç sadrf ãn uk sugvf egsgmf ogstg quf gnhgkhf uk brg`a suichcfktf `f icrefzg y na egktfkbg. Fn egsgmf `fn ýtfra sf rfgnczg `f ng scbucfktf iareg= hak ukg egka sf sumftg fn ýtfra par fkhceg `f ng såkicscs pýdchg, y hak ng atrg egka, fk iareg `f hapg, sf `g uk egsgmf ratgtarca fk fn iak`a `fn ýtfra, pfra `fdfk fvctgrsf eavcecfktas a egkcadrgs drushgs yg quf puf`f hgusgr ukg fstceunghcøk fxgbfrg`g `fn iak`a, quf puf`f fepfargr ng gtakåg utfrckg y haea haksfhufkhcg arcbckgr ukg ofearrgbcg. Fn bnada `f sfburc`g` sf egkcicfstg fk ng rfbcøk `fn ocpabgstrca g `as trgvfsfs `f `f`a par `fdgma `fn aedncba, na hugn ck`chg uk harrfhta `fsgrranna `fn prahfsa ckvanutcva utfrcka. Fk `ftfreckg`gs hcrhukstgkhcgs, ng iareghcøk `fn bnada `f sfburc`g` `fdf sfr vcbcng`g eçs fstrfhogefktf (pgrta pranakbg`a, oc`rgekcas, bfefngr, gtakåg trgs gnuedrgecfkta, fth.) yg quf fk fstas hgsas ng iareghcøk `f `choa bnada puf`f sfr `fichcfktf, arcbckgk`a ofearrgbcg. Fk nas hgsas quf fsta ahurrg sf prahf`frç g ncepcgr fn ýtfra `f haçbunas ef`cgktf fxprfscøk `fn ecsea y g haktckughcøk sf `g egsgmf utfrcka. Xc fn ýtfra haktckug inçhc`a a sf rfngmg `fegscg`a `urgktf fn egsgmf, sf rfhurrcrç g ng g`eckcstrghcøk `f utfratøkchas a ckhnusa axctøhchas fk pfriu-
f`ctarcgn } hfp
scøk cktrgvfkasg haktckug (Axctahckg 4:-8: VC fk 6::hh. `f sufra bnuhasgncka). Fk gnbukas hfktras sf prfshrcdf scstfeçtchgefktf uk gbfktf axctøhcha pgrg ghfnfrgr ng ckvanuhcøk utfrckg, praeavcfk`a ng haktrghtcnc`g` `fn ýtfra. Xf prfsuef quf fsta `cseckuyf ngs haepnchghcakfs ofearrçbchgs, pfra ka sf og `feastrg`a ng fichghcg `f ng g`eckcstrghcøk fk iareg rutckgrcg `f içreghas ýtfra-tøkchas pgrg ng prfvfkhcøk `f prahfsas ofearrçbchas. Gså, ãstas sf utcnczgrçk søna gk tf ck`chghcakfs fspfhåichgs. Ng hgktc`g` `f naqucas vgråg sfbýk ngs eumfrfs, pfra sufnf sfr eçs gduk`gktf fk ngs euntåpgrgs, y fs prfvcscdnf quf ogyg uk guefkta cepartgktf `f ng hgktc`g` `f sfhrfhcøk hugk`a ukg puãrpfrg sf nfvgktg par prcefrg vfz. Xf fstceungrç ng echhcøk fspaktçkfg na eçs prakta pascdnf trgs fn pgrta. Fs cepartgktf quf ng eumfr fvghuf ng vfmcbg fk ngs 9-? oargs pastfrcarfs gn pgrta pgrg prfvfkcr ukg sadrf`cstfkscøk vfschgn, quf cepc`f ng haktrghhcøk `fn ýtfra, ahgscakg ukg fnfvghcøk `f ng gnturg utfrckg f ckhrfefktgråg fn rcfsba `f ofearrgbcg. Ogy quf utcnczgr ta`as nas rfhursas `cspakcdnfs pgrg fstceungr ng echhcøk= gdrcr uk brcia hfrhg `f ng eumfr pgrg quf acbg haea batfg, fhogr gbug hgncfktf g hoarra sadrf fn pfrckã, fth., yg quf nas hgtftfrcseas vfschgnfs igvarfhfk ngs ckifhhcakfs. Zfra sc ogy `cstfkscøk vfschgn y ng eumfr ka puf`f arckgr fspaktçkfgefktf, sfrç kfhfsgrca rfgnczgr uk sak`gmf vfschgn. Ogy quf gkcegr g ng eumfr g nfvgktgrsf `f ng hgeg, hak gyu`g `f fkifrefråg a `f uk igecncgr fk hugkta puf`g, scfk`a rfhaefk`gdnf oghfrna na eçs prakta pascdnf trgkshurrc`gs ngs `as prcefrgs oargs paspgrta. Ng `fgedunghcøk tfeprgkg y irfhufktf `cseckuyf ng ckhc`fkhcg `f traedainfdctcs y `f fedancsea puneakgr. Zar atrg pgrtf, rf`uhf ng pascdcnc`g` `f quf gpgrfzhgk pradnfegs rfspcrgtarcas y hcrhungtarcas, gså haea nas pradnfegs `f fstrf÷cecfkta y ngs haepnchghcakfs urckgrcgs. Fk nas prcefras `ågs `fn pufrpfrca `fdfk fxpnargrsf nas ecfedras ckifrcarfs pgrg `fshgrtgr ng fxcstfkhcg `f scbkas hnåkchas `f traedascs vfkasg praiuk`g= fkramfhcecfkta, tuefighhcøk a hgnar fk ngs pcfrkgs. Pgedcãk fs cepartgktf ng fxpnarghcøk `fn „scbka `f Oaegk―< ãstf fs pasctcva hugk`a ng eg`rf fxpfrcefktg eanfstcgs `ftrçs `f ng ra`cnng gn oghfr ukg `arscinfxcøk gbu`g `fn pcf< y g`feçs sf vgnargrçk ightarfs quf puf`gk prf`cspakfr g nas n as prahfsas traeafedønchas, traeafedønchas, haea ng prfsfkhcg `f såk`raef vgrchasa, y nas pascdnfs gktfhf`fktfs gn rfspfhta. Xf g`vcfrtf g ng eg`rf quf gvcsf gn pfrsakgn `f fkifrefråg hugk`a sf nfvgktf `f ng hgeg par prcefrg vfz, hak fn admftcva `f pratfbfrng sc suirf uk egrfa a `fsvgkfhcecfkta, quf puf`f ahurrcr sadrf ta`a sc og ogdc`a ukg cepartgktf `cseckuhcøk `fn vanuefk sgkbuåkfa. Ng ckbfstcøk `f gncefktas y nåquc`as sf puf`f ckchcgr g ngs `as oargs `fn pgrta, scfeprf y hugk`a ãstf ogyg sc`a karegn y ka fxcstg haktrgck`chghcøk gkfstãschg. Fk ng vgnarghcøk `fn pfrckã, sf rfvcsgrç ng fpcscataeåg vgnargk`a ng pascdnf gpgrchcøk `f scbkas ckingegtarcas a `f pradnfegs fk ng suturg (f`fegs, sfraegs a ofegtaegs), gså haea ng prfsfkhcg `f ofearrac`fs. Hak irfhufkhcg sf gpnchg ocfna sadrf fn sctca `f ng fpcscataeåg fk ngs prcefrgs oargs pastfrcarfs gn gnuedrgecfkta pgrg rf`uhcr fn f`feg y g`arefhfr nas tfmc`as pgrg quf ng pghcfktf sf scfktg høea`g. Fxpnchgrnf g ng eumfr fn admftcva `f ngs haeprfsgs `f ocfna, y ghaksfmgr quf sc fnng ngs prfpgrg fkvufnvg fn pgquftf `f ocfna fk ukg haeprfsg `f bgsg fstãrcn pgrg fvctgr qufeg`urgs, y ngs utcnchf `f iareg cktfrectfktf. Fk hugkta g ng ocbcfkf `f ng vunvg y huc`g`as `fn pfrckã, sf ghaksfmg fn ngvg`a `f ng zakg `as vfhfs gn `åg hak gbug y mgdøk, ka scfk`a kfhfsgrca fn usa `f ukg sanuhcøk gktcsãptchg. Fs prfhcsa quf ng zakg sf egktfkbg na eçs sfhg pascdnf, f ckscstcr fk ng cepartgkhcg `fn ngvg`a `f egkas gktfs y `fspuãs `f nas n as huc`g`as `fn pfrckã. Ngs eumfrfs puf`fk `uhogrsf fk hugkta na `fsffk trgs fn pgrta. Ng `uhog nfs praparhcakg uk fifhta fstceungktf euy igvargdnf. @fdfk oghfrna ghaepg÷g`gs `f uk igecncgr a `fn pfrsakgn quf fstã g su hgrba, pgrg prfvfkcr pascdnfs ghhc`fktfs.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
Ng prfsfkhcg `f `anar fk fn paspgrta p aspgrta ckinuyf euhoa fk ng sfksghcøk `f dcfkfstgr `f ng puãrpfrg y fk su fstg`a bfkfrgn, y puf`f sfr fn rfinfma `f ng fvanuhcøk icscanøbchg `fn ta`a fn prahfsa a ng haksfhufkhcg `f ng gpgrchcøk `f pgtanabågs. Xak karegnfs ngs scbucfktfs eanfstcgs paspgrta= `anar fk fn pfrckã, fktufrtas y ofearrac`fs, pfra atrgs nahgnczghcakfs nahgnczghcakfs `fn `anar a ukg cktfksc`g` gkøegng `f nas efkhcakg`as, `fdf oghfr pfksgr fk ng prfsfkhcg `f hug`ras pgtanøbchas. Zgrg fn `anar fk fn paspgrta sf utcnczgk ogdctugnefktf gkgnbãschas haea fn pgrghftgean y GCKFX, quf sf puf`fk haepgtcdcnczgr hak ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg sck pradnfegs. Fk ngs prcefrgs oargs `fn pufrpfrca ckef`cgta sf `fdf prfbuktgr g ng eumfr sadrf fn tcpa `f nghtgkhcg fnfbc`g pgrg su ocma, yg quf sf rfhaecfk`g fn ckchca `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg na eçs prakta pascdnf trgs fn kghcecfkta. Xc fs pascdnf y ng eumfr na `fsfg, fs rfhaefk`gdnf pakfr gn dfdã gn pfhoa fk ng ecseg sgng `f pgrtas a ckef`cgtgefktf `fspuãs gn pgsgr g ng o gdctghcøk `f rfhupfrghcøk. Nas fstu`cas `feufstrgk uk gnta åk`chf `f ãxcta `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg hugk`a ãstg sf ckchcg fk ngs `as prcefrgs oargs `f vc`g `fn dfdã, fk fn nngeg`a pfrca`a `f gnfrtg `fn rfhcãk kghc`a. Fk fn hgsa `f tfkfr quf ckocdcr ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg, nas efmarfs rfsuntg`as sf hakscbufk hugk`a fn trgtgecfkta sf haecfkzg fk fn paspgrta ckef`cgta. Xf ghaksfmg rfgnczgr ukg prcefrg fxpnarghcøk `f ngs egegs `urgktf fn prcefr `åg, y gkatgr su fstg`a ckchcgn, yg quf fstas `gtas kas sfrvcrçk `fspuãs pgrg haepgrgr fn fstg`a `f ngs egegs fk nas `ågs scbucfktfs. Xf `fdf haepradgr fn brupa sgkbuåkfa y ightar To egtfrka, y gvfrcbugr fn brupa y To `fn rfhcãk kghc`a, par sc iufrg kfhfsgrca rfgnczgr fk ngs prcefrgs 24 oargs ng praicngxcs `f ng csackeukczghcøk To ef`cgktf ng g`eckcstrghcøk g`eckc strghcøk `f bgeegbnadunckg gktc-@.
H. Huc`g`as pschasahcgn pschasahcgnfs fs Xak cepartgktfs nas huc`g`as iåschas fk fn fedgrgza, pgrta y pufrpfrca, pfra ka `fdfeas anvc`gr nas huc`g`as feahcakgnfs. @fpfk`cfk`a `fn hfktra `ak`f og tfkc`a nubgr fn pgrta y `fn fstg`a `fn rfhcãk kghc`a, ãstf pfregkfhfrç `fs`f fn kghcecfkta mukta g su eg`rf, a par fn haktrgrca, pgsgrç fn pfrca`a `f paspgrta ckef`cgta a pgrtf `f ãn fk ukg ukc`g` `f Kc`as. Fk ng ghtugnc`g` sf rfhaecfk`g ng pfregkfkhcg `fn dfdã mukta g su eg`rf `fs`f fn kghcecfkta ogstg fn eaefkta `fn gntg, na quf sf hakahf haea „raaeckb-ck―, quf pfrectf g ng igecncg haepgrtcr ng fxpfrcfkhcg `fn pgrta, `f iareg quf puf`fk fstgdnfhfr våkhunas ckef`cgtas hak fn rfhcãk kghc`a. Fn våkhuna fs uk prahfsa quf `g nubgr g uk haepraecsa gifhtcva y feahcakgn fktrf `as ck`cvc`uas. Fstf prahfsa sf cktfkscichg `urgktf fn pfrca`a ckchcgn pastfrcar gn kghcecfkta. Hugk`a fstç gnfrtg, fn rfhcãk kghc`a puf`f pravahgr ukg cktfksg rfspufstg pasctcvg `f ng eg`rf gn ecrgrng g nas amas. Fn tghta fs ukg iareg `f haktghta cepartgktf quf tgedcãk pravahg ukg rfspufstg pasctcvg `f ng eg`rf y fstceung gn kc÷a. Fs cepartgktf quf fn pfrsakgn quf gtcfk`f g ng eumfr `f pgrta y su pgrfmg iaefktf y ighcnctf fn våkhuna `fn rfhcãk kghc`a hak sus pg`rfs, y vcbcnf v cbcnf quf ãstf sf `fsgrranng `f iareg g`fhug`g.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
HVG@TA 6= FXPTGPFBCGX ZGTG IGYATFHFT FN YÅKHVNA ZG@TFX-OCMA. PAEG@A @F DVTTAVBOX G, NFCIFT B. FKIFTEFTÅG EGPFTKACKIGKPCN
Zraeufvg fn haktghta vcsugn. Ghaksfmf g nas pg`rfs hanahgr gn dfdã `f egkfrg fk quf sf vfgk ukas g atras. Ng `cstgkhcg øptceg pgrg fstf ick fs `f 4: g 46 hfktåeftras. Zraeufvg fn haktghta iåscha. Ngs hgrchcgs ighcnctgk fn gpfba. Ghaksfmf g nas pg`rfs quf adsfrvfk gn dfdã. Ng adsfrvghcøk igvarfhf ng c`fktcichghcøk y nnfvg g ng eg`rf g sustctucr fn dfdã `f sus igktgsågs hak fn rfgn. Ghaksfmf g nas pg`rfs quf ogdnfk `f su dfdã parquf fsta hak`uhf g c`fktcichgrsf hak ãn („Ecrg, tcfkf ec kgrcz―). Tfhaecfk`f fstrfhogr gn dfdã. Gdrgzgrna, sfktcr su hgnc`fz, fs ukg fxpfrcfkhcg pasctcvg pgrg ng eg`rf. Fs rfngmgktf y trgkqucnczg`ar pgrg fn dfdã. Iaefktf ngs ghtcvc`g`fs rfnghcakg`gs hak fn huc`g`a `fn kc÷a. Ng pgrtchcpghcøk `f nas pg`rfs guefktg su sgtcsighhcøk („Dg÷ã g kufstra dfdã oay―).
Fn pfrca`a `f paspgrta ckef`cgta fs fn pfrca`a `urgktf fn quf ng eumfr prfsfktg ng rfspufstg `f ghfptghcøk g su fxpfrcfkhcg. Fk fstf pfrca`a fstç hfktrg`g fk sus prapcgs kfhfsc`g`fs iåschgs y feahcakgnfs. Nas huc`g`as quf sf nf prfstfk fk fstg igsf `f g`gptghcøk sfrçk `f gpaya, f ckhnuyfk= - airfhfrnf apartukc`g`fs pgrg `fshgksgr, - utcnczgr ef`c`gs `f gncvca y g`eckcstrghcøk g`eckcstrghcøk `f gkgnbãschas pgrg fn `anar sc prfhcsg, y - ghfptgr høea hufktg su fxpfrcfkhcg fxpfrcfkhcg sck g`aptgr g`aptgr ukg ghtctu` `f hråtchg. hråtchg. Fn prcefr `åg a `as `fspuãs `fn pgrta sf hgrghtfrczgk par haepartgecfktas egtfrkas eçs `fpfk`cfktfs y quf sf arcfktgk oghcg ng haea`c`g`. Eçs g`fngktf, ng eumfr g`qucfrf eçs ck`fpfk`fkhcg y fstç prfpgrg`g pgrg gsuecr ng rfspaksgdcnc`g`< tcfkf yg eçs fkfrbåg y fs hgpgz `f gtfk`fr g sus prapcgs kfhfsc`g`fs y ngs `fn rfhcãk kghc`a. Ng ghtughcøk bfkfrgn `fn fqucpa euntc`cshcpnckgrca quf gtcfk`f g ng puãrpfrg (eã`chas, egtrakgs, fkifrefrgs y guxcncgrfs) `urgktf fn pfrca`a `f paspgrta oaspctgngrca, tcfkf haea admftcva fn c`fktcichgr y prfvfkcr haepnchghcakfs egtfrkgs, prfstgr ukg gscstfkhcg praifscakgn fk ng rfhupfrghcøk pschaiåschg egtfrkg y rfgnczgr ukg ngdar f`uhg`arg `f nas kufvas pg`rfs fk rfnghcøk gn pufrpfrca. Pgedcãk `fdf tfkfr fk haksc`frghcøk quf fxcstfk `urgktf fn pufrpfrca `cifrfktfs prçhtchgs y haepartgecfktas `f ng eumfr, su pgrfmg y igecncg, sfbýk hugn sfg su hunturg, y ogy quf eastrgr sfkscdcnc`g` y rfspfta oghcg fstg `cvfrsc`g` hg`g `åg eçs irfhufktf.
4.4 Ygnarghcøk y huc`g`as `f ng eumfr eumfr fk fn pufrpfrca prfhaz prfhaz Ngs ghtcvc`g`fs `f fkifrefråg pgrg ng vgnarghcøk `fn fstg`a bfkfrgn `f ng eg`rf fk fstf pfrca`a sf rfgnczgk `as a trfs vfhfs gn `åg `urgktf ng oaspctgnczghcøk. G`feçs `f nas huc`g`as iåschas, sf vcbcngrç y igvarfhfrç fn fstg`a `f haea`c`g` y dcfkfstgr `f ng eg`rf= høea `fshgksg y `ufref, su ghtcvc`g`, su gpftcta, su fstg`a feahcakgn, y fk pgrtchungr, fn rfgmustf g su kufva pgpfn `f eg`rf. Ngs ghtcvc`g`fs `f vgnarghcøk quf fifhtýg fkifrefråg g ng eg`rf fk fn pufrpfrca prfhaz sf puf`fk gbrupgr fk= - Ygnarghcøk `fn fstg`a bfkfrgn. - Ygnarghcøk `f ng ckvanuhcøk utfrckg.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
- Ygnarghcøk `f ng fnceckghcøk. - Ygnarghcøk `fn pfrckã. - Ygnarghcøk `f ngs egegs. - Ygnarghcøk `fn fstg`a feahcakgn. Nas huc`g`as iåschas `f ng eumfr fk fn pufrpfrca prfhaz sf gsfefmgk fk brgk ef`c`g g nas `fshrctas fk fn gpgrtg`a gktfrcar, `ak`f `ftgnngeas nas huc`g`as fk fn pufrpfrca ckef`cgta. Fk hugkta g su fstg`a feahcakgn, rfsf÷gr quf `urgktf nas prcefras `ågs ng eumfr kfhfsctg fn gpaya `f igecncgrfs a gecbas, y fn gsfsargecfkta y gpaya `f nas praifscakgnfs quf ng huc`gk. Xf og `f fstgdnfhfr ukg rfnghcøk tfrgpãutchg quf pfrectg g ng eg`rf fxprfsgr sus sfktcecfktas y feahcakfs, yg quf ng brgk egyaråg (fktrf fn 6: y fn ?:%) `f ngs eumfrfs prfsfktg gnbukg ea`cichghcøk fk su fstg`a feahcakgn fk nas prcefras `cfz `ågs `fn pufrpfrca, scfk`a irfhufktf ng prfsfkhcg `fn fstg`a hakahc`a haea trcstfzg paspgrta (yg `fshrcta). Nas såktaegs sak trgksctarcas, `fsgpgrfhfk, y søna fk uk 7:% `f nas hgsas sf pranakbgk eçs `f ukg sfegkg. Xc fn fstg`a feahcakgn sf pranakbg a fepfarg, ng eumfr `fdf rfhcdcr ukg gtfkhcøk pschanøbchg fspfhcgnczg`g. Xck fedgrba, ng gusfkhcg tatgn `f fstas såktaegs a uk fstg`a ocpfrghtcva `f ng eg`rf `fdf haksc`frgrsf tgedcãk uk scbka `f gnfrtg.
4.8 Nghtgkhcg egtfrkg @f ta`as nas hgedcas quf ahurrfk fk fn pufrpfrca, nas rfngtcvas g ngs egegs sak nas eçs pgrg`cbeçtchas, par su scbkcichg`a dcanøbcha y par na fspfhtghungr `f sus scbkas y såktaegs. Ngs egegs `f ng kufvg eg`rf, fktrf fn sfbuk`a y hugrta `åg `fn pufrpfrca, sf ckburbctgk, guefktgk `f vanuefk y fxpfrcefktgk ukg ocpfrfecg vcscdnf g trgvãs `f uk brgk hrfhcecfkta `f ng rf` vfkasg supfrichcgn. Fstg igsf rfhcdf fn papungr kaedrf `f „sudc`g `f ng nfhof―, y fs ng ftgpg eçs nngegtcvg `f uk prahfsa p rahfsa ngrba quf haecfkzg fk ng pudfrtg`.
G. Gkgtaeåg `f ngs egegs Ngs egegs fstçk iareg`gs par tfmc`a brgsa y bngk`ungr. Fn tfmc`a brgsa ra`fg fn tfmc`a bngk`ungr y fs fn quf `g iareg g ng egeg. Fn tfmc`a bngk`ungr tcfkf gpraxceg`gefktf ukas 76-4: nødunas arbgkczg`as haea nas fmfs `f ukg ruf`g, nas hugnfs `rfkgk fk nas hak`uhtas bgnghtøiaras quf hakvfrbfk fk fn pfzøk. Hg`g nøduna fstç hakstctuc`a par vgrcas gnvfanas. Fn gnvfana fs ng ukc`g` iukhcakgn `f ng sfhrfhcøk nçhtfg y fs fn rfspaksgdnf `f ng iareghcøk `f ng nfhof. Ng nfhof `f nas gnvfanas `rfkg fk nas hak`uhtcnnas bgnghtøiaras, y `f ãstas pgsg gn hak`uhta bgnghtøiara quf pasff hg`g uka `f nas nødunas y quf `fsfedahg sfpgrg`gefktf fk fn pfzøk. Fstf hak`uhta, gn nnfbgr par `ftrçs `f ng grfang, prfsfktg ukg `cngtghcøk, fn sfka nghtåifra, huyg ecscøk fs ng `f rfsfrvarca, y fs haeprcec`a par ng dahg `fn dfdã gn suhhcakgr. Gnvãanas y hak`uhtas bgnghtøiaras fstçk ra`fg`as `f hãnungs ecafpctfncgnfs quf sak haktrçhtcnfs y pfrectfk fn vghcgecfkta `fn gnvfana fk fn eaefkta g`fhug`a. Fk ng grfang sf fkhufktrgk nas tudãrhunas `f Eaktbaefry, quf gpartgk ukg sfhrfhcøk fkhgrbg`g `f nudrchgr fn pfzøk.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
Pfmc`a bngk`ungr egegrca.
D. Icscanabåg `f ng sfhrfhcøk nçhtfg Zgrg quf sf pra`uzhg p ra`uzhg ng sfhrfhcøk nçhtfg sak kfhfsgrcgs trfs ftgpgs=
g. Egeabãkfscs Fn hrfhcecfkta y `fsgrranna `f ng bnçk`ung egegrcg, pgrg ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg, fepcfzg fk ng pudfrtg` y tfreckg fk fn fedgrgza.
• Zudfrtg` Nas hgedcas quf tcfkfk nubgr fk fstf pfrca`a hakscstfk fsfkhcgnefktf fk= - Guefkta rçpc`a `fn tgeg÷a `f ngs egegs (tfngrqucg).
f`ctarcgn } hfp
- @fsgrranna `f nas hak`uhtas bgnghtøiaras, quf sf gngrbgk y rgecichgk. - Iareghcøk `f nas fsdazas gnvfangrfs. - Guefkta vgrcgdnf `fn tfmc`a brgsa. Pa`as fstas hgedcas suhf`fk dgma ng ckinufkhcg prf`aeckgktf `f nas fstrøbfkas y, fk efkar ef`c`g, `f ng oareakg `fn hrfhcecfkta, sfbýk ukas pgrçeftras earianøbchas bfkãtchgefktf `ftfreckg`as.
• Fedgrgza Fk fn fedgrgza fn hrfhcecfkta egegrca fstç `ftfreckg`a par ng ckinufkhcg haedckg`g `f ngs scbucfktfs oareakgs= - Nas fstrøbfkas ck`uhfk fn `fsgrranna `f nas hak`uhtas. - Ng prabfstfrakg fstceung fn `fsgrranna `fn scstfeg nadunagnvfangr. - Ng pranghtckg, ng saegtatrapckg, saegtatrapckg, fn nghtøbfka nghtøbfka pnghfktgrca pnghfktgrca y nas hartchac`fs hartchac`fs ckinuyfk fk ng egeabãkfscs. Fk fn prcefr trcefstrf `fn fedgrgza ngs egegs suirfk cepartgktfs trgksiareghcakfs= trgksiareghcakfs= - Zrancifrg fn tfmc`a tfmc`a bngk`ungr y guefktgk `f tgeg÷a. Xak ka`ungrfs y tfrsgs. tfrsgs. - Nas pfzakfs pfzakfs sak sak fkarefefktf fkarefefktf sfkscdnfs sfkscdnfs y guefktg ng pcbefktghcøk `f ng grfang. - Nas tudãrhunas `f Eaktbaefry sak eçs praeckfktfs y pra`uhfk ukg sfhrfhcøk sfdçhfg nudrchgktf quf pratfbf fn pfzøk. Fk fn sfbuk`a y tfrhfr trcefstrf `fn fedgrgza tcfkf nubgr na scbucfktf= - Tgecichghcøk y `cngtghcøk `f nas hak`uhtas bgnghtøiaras. - Zrancifrghcøk `f ngs hãnungs gnvfangrfs. - Xf ckchcg ng sfhrfhcø sfhrfhcøk k crrfbungr `f hgnastra hgnastra a nfhof nfhof ru`cefktgrcg ru`cefktgrcg (gukquf fk kckbýk hgsa puf`f haksc`frgrsf nghtabãkfscs)
d. Nghtabãkfsc Nghtabãkfscss Ng sfhrfhcøk nçhtfg ka haecfkzg ogstg quf `fsgpgrfhf ng pnghfktg (gnuedrgecfkta) y sf pra`uhf fn hakscbucfktf y `rçstcha `fshfksa `f ngs hakhfktrghcakfs `f fstrøbfkas y prabfstfrakg fk sgkbrf egtfrkg. Fsta pascdcnctg fn `fsdnaqufa ` fsdnaqufa icscanøbcha `f nas rfhfptarfs pranghtåkchas egegrcas y pfrectf g fstg oareakg ocpaicsgrcg fmfrhfr su ghhcøk. Ng pranghtckg fs ng oareakg fspfhåichg `f ng sfhrfhcøk nçhtfg. Xf sfhrftg fk fn nøduna gktfrcar `f ng ocpøicscs, y sf pra`uhf `f iareg hakstgktf, ckhnusa fk gusfkhcg `f fedgrgza. Xu pra`uhhcøk fstç rfbung`g par ukg oareakg ocpatgnçechg `fkaeckg`g ightar ckocdc`ar `f ng pranghtckg (ZCI). @urgktf fn fedgrgza nas fstrøbfkas fstceungk ng sfhrfhcøk `f fstf ightar ckocdc`ar, `f egkfrg quf ng pra`uhhcøk `f pranghtckg fstç euy `cseckuc`g. Zfra g ngs 40-0? oargs `fn pgrta, ng sfhrfhcøk `f pranghtckg, `fsgpgrfhc`g ng ckocdchcøk `fn ZCI, sf ckhrfefktg fk brgk ef`c`g, fk uk eaefkta fk fn quf g`feçs, fk ngs egegs sf ogk `fsdnaqufg`a nas rfhfptarfs fspfhåichas. Fk fstgs hak`chcakfs ng pranghtckg puf`f fmfrhfr su fifhta dcanøbcha. Gså, oghcg fn tfrhfr `åg paspgrta, nas fifhtas `f ng pranghtckg fk fn tfmc`a egegrca sak fvc`fktfs y ng oareakg sf fkhufktrg fk hgktc`g` suichcfktf haea pgrg pra`uhcr ng ckburbctghcøk egegrcg. Nas sfkas sf `cstcfk`fk, sf oghfk `uras,
f`ctarcgn } hfp
sfkscdnfs y hçnc`as. Ng ckburbctghcøk pravahg fk ahgscakfs uk guefkta icscanøbcha `f ng tfepfrgturg, `f hgrçhtfr trgksctarca, quf ka `urg eçs `f 40 oargs. Fk fstg ftgpg, ng nfhof rffepngzg gn hgnastra. Fk ng pra`uhhcøk `f ng nfhof cktfrvcfkf tgedcãk uk rfinfma kfuraoareakgn nngeg`a rfinfma egecngr a `f suhhcøk, fk iukhcøk `fn hugn, ng suhhcøk a fstceunghcøk tçhtcn `fn pfzøk `fsfkhg`fkg uk cepunsa gifrfktf quf par våg ef`ungr bfkfrg fk fn ocpatçngea ukg rfspufstg rfinfmg, quf fs ng `cseckuhcøk `fn ZCI. Fk haksfhufkhcg, sf ckhrfefktg ng sfhrfhcøk `f pranghtckg. Vkg vfz ckstgurg`g n g nghtgkhcg, vg g sfr fstf rfinfma egecngr fn rfspaksgdnf `f egktfkfr ng sfhrfhcøk `f nfhof< fn rfnnfkg`a gnvfangr sf rfgnczg, pufs, „g `fegk`g―, g trgvãs `f ng prapcg tftg`g, hg`g vfz quf sf vghåf ng egeg. Fstf rfinfma fs fstceung`a par ng suhhcøk, pfra tgedcãk puf`f sfrna par atras fståeunas= fn prapca vghcgecfkta `f ng egeg, ng icfdrf, nas rcteas `curkas, ng fxhctghcøk sfxugn hak a sck arbgsea (y fk haksfhufkhcg par uk hacta), par ng prfsfkhcg a fn nngkta `fn kc÷a, f ckhnusa par pfksgecfktas y fvahghcakfs `f ng eg`rf sadrf su ocma. S g ng ckvfrsg, ng igntg `f hakicgkzg fk så ecseg, fn tfear, ng cksfburc`g` fk su hgpghc`g` `f nghtgr, fn `ftfrcara `f ng gutafstceg, ngs ecsegs eanfstcgs iåschgs pra`uhc`gs par ng nghtghcøk, ng igtcbg a fn fstrãs, puf`fk rf`uhcr ng pra`uhhcøk `f nfhof ogstg vgnarfs cksuichcfktfs.
h. Bgnghtapayf Bgnghtapayfscs scs y egktfkcecfkta `f ng nghtgkhcg Fs hakahc`a haea fn rfhcãk kghc`a, par ef`ca `f rfinfma egecngr, bfkfrg hak ng suhhcøk ukg sfhrfhcøk rfghtcvg `f pranghtckg, quf par fnna gpgrfhf fk ng sgkbrf `f egkfrg cktfrectfktf, hak uk rctea punsçtcn hgpgz `f egktfkfr sus fifhtas `f iareg pfregkfktf. Zfra ng suhhcøk bfkfrg tgedcãk atrg sfhrfhcøk rfinfmg, ng `f ng oareakg axctahckg. Xu ghhcøk eçs hakahc`g fs ng `f fstceungr ngs haktrghhcakfs utfrckgs fk fn pgrta, pfra fk ng bãkfscs `f ng nghtghcøk pascdcnctg ng hcrhukstgkhcg quf igntgdg pgrg haepnftgr fn prahfsa= fn trgkspartf `f ng nfhof `fs`f su nubgr `f pra`uhhcøk (gnvfanas), g trgvãs `f nas hak`uhtas bgnghtøiaras, ogstg nas sfkas nghtåifras, `fs`f `ak`f yg puf`f sfr suhhcakg`a par fn kfakgta, par uk scepnf fifhta `f prfscøk kfbgtcvg. Fstf fifhta sf hakscbuf fsfkhcgnefktf brghcgs g ng ghhcøk `f ng axctahckg sadrf ngs icdrgs ecafpctfncgnfs< `f fstg iareg sf „ar`f÷g― fn haktfkc`a oghcg fn fxtfrcar, y sf bfkfrg ukg gutãktchg fyfhhcøk `f nfhof. Fstg axctahckg, vfrtc`g gn tarrfktf hcrhungtarca bfkfrgn, ghtýg `ak`f fkhufktrf sus rfhfptarfs fspfhåichas, haea par fmfepna, fk ngs icdrgs `fn ecaeftrca, `ak`f pravahg, g nas pahas eckutas `f ckchcgr ng tftg`g, ukgs haktrghhcakfs utfrckgs `f cktfksc`g` vgrcgdnf, hakahc`gs haea fktufrtas, quf haktrcduyfk g ng ckvanuhcøk `fn ýtfra.
H. Ckinufkhcg `f ng nghtgkhcg sadrf ng eg`rf Ngs ckinufkhcgs `f ng nghtghcøk sadrf fn arbgkcsea `f ng puãrpfrg sf gbrupgk fk `as gpgrtg`as= - Xadrf fn hchna efkstrugn. Ng gefkarrfg fs ng fxprfscøk eçs fvc`fktf `f fstg ckinufkhcg. Ng prcefrg efkstrughcøk tcfkf nubgr fk ng egyaråg `f ngs eumfrfs quf ka nghtgk fktrf ngs sfegkgs 9-? `fn pufrpfrca. Xck fedgrba, fktrf ngs quf nghtgk, ka gpgrfhf ogstg quf ickgnczg ng nghtgkhcg (6:% `f nas hgsas), a sf prfsfktg g pgrtcr `fn tfrhfr efs. - Xadrf fn fn eftgdancsea. eftgdancsea. Fn haksuea hgnørcha `f ng eg`rf par hgusg `f ng nghtgkhcg nghtgkhcg sf hgnhung hgnhung fk ?: Lhgn. par hg`g 7:: en. `f nfhof pra`uhc`g., na hugn `fdf sustctucrsf hak ukg g`fhug`g gncefktghcøk.
@. Haepaschcøk `f ng nfhof egtfrkg Ng nfhof ouegkg ka fs søna uk gncefkta, fs uk inuc`a vcva y hgedcgktf, hgpgz `f g`gptgrsf g nas `cifrfktfs rfqufrcecfktas `fn kc÷a g na ngrba `fn tcfepa (ea`cichgk`a su haepaschcøk y vanuefk) y
f`ctarcgn } hfp
quf ighcnctg su g`gptghcøk g ng vc`g fxtrgutfrckg. Fs hgpgz tgedcãk `f g`gptgrsf g ngs `cifrfktfs hcrhukstgkhcgs `f ng eg`rf. Ng prcefrg sfhrfhcøk `f ng bnçk`ung egegrcg fk fn pufrpfrca fs fn hgnastra, quf fs sfhrftg`a par ngs egegs `urgktf fn ýntcea trcefstrf `f ng bfstghcøk, y `urgktf nas hugtra prcefras `ågs `fn paspgrta. Fn hgnastra fs uk inuc`a gegrcnnfkta y fspfsa `f gntg `fksc`g` y fshgsa vanuefk, gprax. 4-4: en par taeg, suichcfktfs pgrg sgtcsighfr ngs kfhfsc`g`fs `fn TK. Haktcfkf eçs eckfrgnfs y pratfåkgs (ng egyaråg ckeukabnadunckgs), pfra efkas brgsgs f oc`rgtas `f hgrdaka quf ng nfhof. Ng gduk`gkhcg fk fn hgnastra `f ckeukabnadunckgs, fspfhcgnefktf `f CbG, pratfbf gn rfhcãk kghc`a `f ngs ckifhhcakfs, `fstghgk`a ng pratfhhcøk `f ng euhasg cktfstckgn `fn kfakgta irfktf g ngs dghtfrcgs y nas fktfravcrus. Ghtýg tgedcãk haea ngxgktf kgturgn gyu`gk`a g ng fnceckghcøk `fn efhakca, fvctgk`a gså ng ocpfrdcncrrudckfecg kfakgtgn< y fs rcha fk ightarfs `f hrfhcecfkta quf fstceungk ng eg`urghcøk `fn gpgrgta `cbfstcva y `f nas scstfegs `fifkscvas. Fktrf fn tfrhfr y quckta `åg paspgrta tcfkf nubgr ng „sudc`g `f ng nfhof―, `fkaeckçk`asf ng sfhrfhcøk nçhtfg fk fsf eaefkta nfhof `f trgkschcøk. Ng nfhof `f trgkschcøk fs ng quf sf pra`uhf fktrf fn 0 y 76 `åg pastpgrta, y fs ukg nfhof `f haepaschcøk cktfref`cg quf vg vgrcgk`a `åg g `åg ogstg hakvfrtcrsf fk nfhof eg`urg a `fickctcvg. Ng nfhof egtfrkg haktcfkf dçschgefktf pratfåkgs, gbug, oc`rgtas `f hgrdaka, brgsgs, eckfrgnfs y vctgeckgs. Ng nfhof fs csatøkchg rfspfhta gn pngseg. Ng egyaråg `f sus pratfåkgs sak fxhnuscvgs< nas geckaçhc`as fsfkhcgnfs sf fxtrgfk `f ng sgkbrf a dcfk sf pra`uhfk fk ng bnçk`ung egegrcg. Nas hgedcas eçs cepartgktfs fk ng haepaschcøk `f ng nfhof sf pra`uhfk fk ngs prcefrgs 0? oargs `fspuãs `fn pgrta, hugk`a sf pra`uhf uk guefkta drusha `f ng hakhfktrghcøk `f nghtasg fk ng nfhof, quf fs scktftczg`g par ngs hãnungs gnvfangrfs. Zgrtf `f fstg nghtasg puf`f pgsgr g ng sgkbrf egtfrkg y gn icntrgrsf par ng arckg pa`råg egncktfrprftgrsf haea bnuhasurcg. Nas çhc`as brgsas sf scktftczgk g pgrtcr `f ng bnuhasg fk ngs hãnungs gnvfangrfs. Fn ocfrra tgedcãk fstç prfsfktf fk ng nfhof egtfrkg y, gukquf sf fkhufktrg fk efkar hgktc`g` quf fk ng nfhof `f vghg, su gdsarhcøk fs egyar. Fk ng nfhof tgedcãk gpgrfhfk ta`gs ngs vctgeckgs, gså haea euhoas ancbafnfefktas quf ng bnçk`ung egegrcg hakhfktrg y sfhrftg, tgnfs haea fn ya`a. Ng nfhof ouegkg vgråg `f haepaschcøk sfbýk ng oarg `fn `åg y fn eaefkta `f ng taeg, y tcfkf rfnghcøk hak ng kutrchcøk `f ng eg`rf, fxcstcfk`a vgrcghcakfs ck`cvc`ugnfs. Ng nfhof quf fn kc÷a suhhcakg fk nas prcefras eckutas `f ng taeg ka tcfkf ng ecseg haepaschcøk quf ng nfhof `fn ickgn `f ng tftg`g, quf haktcfkf eçs brgsgs< `f goå ng cepartgkhcg `f ukg nghtgkhcg sck rfstrchhcakfs fk ng `urghcøk `f ngs taegs, `f ea`a quf fn dfdã rfbunf ng taeg `f iareg ck`cvc`ugn. Ng haepaschcøk `f ng nfhof sf ea`cichg hugk`a ng eumfr ckchcg nas hchnas avungtarcas.
F. Yfktgmg fktgmgss `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg g. Yfktgmgs pgrg fn dfdã Ng nfhof ouegkg fs fn gncefkta c`fgn pgrg nas rfhcãk kghc`as. Haepgrçk`ang hak nfhofs prahf`fktfs `f atras gkcegnfs fstç suichcfktfefktf `feastrg`a quf fs ng eçs g`fhug`g pgrg fn kfakgta. G`feçs `fn harrfhta dgngkhf `f kutrcfktfs, ightarfs ckeukanøbchas y prapcf`g`fs gktcdghtfrcgkgs, ng nfhof ouegkg haktcfkf ightarfs quf ghtýgk haea sf÷gnfs dcanøbchgs quf praeufvfk fn hrfhcecfkta y ng `cifrfkhcghcøk hfnungr. Pgedcãk igvarfhf fn `fsgrranna `f ng eushungturg ighcgn, `f ngs egk`ådungs y nas `cfktfs `fn dfdã, y pratfbf haktrg ngs gnfrbcgs.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
Ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg praparhcakg ukg fxpfrcfkhcg cktfksg `f vckhunghcøk gifhtcvg pgrg ng eg`rf y fn ocma. Fstceung ng egyaråg `f nas sfktc`as y fn åktcea haktghta harpargn pfrectf gn dfdã rfhakahfr fn anar `f su eg`rf y aår fn sakc`a `f su hargzøk. Ng nfhof ouegkg fs ukg sustgkhcg dcaquåechgefktf fspfhcgn y pfrifhtgefktf g`gptg`g g ngs kfhfsc`g`fs `fn nghtgktf. Haktcfkf gktchufrpas quf nf hakicfrfk pratfhhcøk irfktf g euntctu` `f arbgkcseas. Fn rfhcãk kghc`a tcfkf ukg rfspufstg `f gktchufrpas ckeg`urg ogstg ng 9ª sfegkg `f f`g`, scfk`a vunkfrgdnf sck ng pratfhhcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg. Kuefrasgs ckvfstcbghcakfs ogk `feastrg`a quf ng nfhof ouegkg `cseckuyf ng ckhc`fkhcg `f `cgrrfg, ckifhhcøk rfspcrgtarcg dgmg, atctcs ef`cg, dghtfrcfecg, efkckbctcs dghtfrcgkg, datuncsea, ckifhhcøk urckgrcg y fktfrahanctcs kfhrasgktf, y ng sfvfrc`g` `f fstas trgstarkas fk hgsa `f quf sf `fsgrrannfk. Fxcstf ukg brgk hgktc`g` `f fstu`cas quf rfvfngk uk pascdnf fifhta pratfhtar `f ng nfhof ouegkg haktrg fn såk`raef `f eufrtf sýdctg `fn nghtgktf, ng `cgdftfs efnnctus, ng fkifref`g` `f Hraok, fn nckiaeg, ngs gnfrbcgs y atrgs fkifref`g`fs `cbfstcvgs hrøkchgs. Fn gegegktgecfkta tgedcãk efmargråg fn `fsgrranna habkctcva (Gefrchgk Ghg`fey ai Zf`cgtrchs, 7332). Ng nfhof ouegkg gpartg ta`as nas kutrcfktfs quf kfhfsctg fn kc÷a fk nas prcefras 9 efsfs `f vc`g y scbuf scfk`a uk gncefkta fsfkhcgn ogstg nas 4 g÷as, haepnfefktg`g hak atras gncefktas ka nçhtfas.
d. Yfktgmgs pgrg ng eg`rf HVG@TA 9= YFKPGMGX @F NG NGHPGKHCG EGPFTKG ZGTG NG EG@TF. PAEG@A @F HAECPÃ @F NGHPGKHCG EGPFTKG @F NG GXAHCGHCØK FXZG×ANG @F ZF@CGPTÅG. ZF@CGPTÅG. EAKABTGIÅG K½6. NGHPGKHCG EGPFTKG= BVÅG ZGTG ZTAIFXCAKGNFX. G harta pngza - @cseckuhcøk `fn sgkbrg`a paspgrta. DFKFICHCAX ZGTG NG XGNV@
- Guefkta `f ng haktrghhcøk utfrckg. - Efmarg `f ng gkfecg. - Tfhupfrghcøk `fn tgeg÷a utfrcka.
G ef`ca pngza
G ngrba pngza
- Tfhupfrghcøk pfsa/scnuftg.
- @cseckuhcøk `fn rcfsba `f hçkhfr `f egeg prfefkapçuscha.
- Gefkarrfg pranakbg`g 5 goarra `f ocfrra.
- @cseckuhcøk `fn rcfsba `f hçkhfr `f avgrca.
- Fspghcgecfkta `f fedgrgzas.
- @cseckuhcøk `fn rcfsba `f irghturgs fspckgnfs y `f hg`frg pasefkapçuscha.
YFKPGMGX @F PCZA FHAKØECHA
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Efkar bgsta fk iøreungs ckigktcnfs. Efkar bgsta fk grtåhunas pgrg dcdfrakfs. Efkar bgsta fk içreghas, haksuntgs y oaspctgnczghcakfs `fn dfdã.
YFKPGMGX @F PCZA FEAHCAKGN
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Ycvfkhcg ýkchg, fspfhcgn y pnghfktfrg. Efmar gpfba eg`rf-dfdã, efmar haeukchghcøk hak fn ocma. Xgtcsighhcøk åktceg. Xupfrghcøk `f dgrrfrgs pschanøbchgs. Efkas `fprfscøk paspgrta/gpgrchcøk eçs tgr`åg.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
I. Haktrgck`chghc Haktrgck`chghcakfs akfs `f ng NE Fk ng prçhtchg sak euy pahgs ngs sctughcakfs quf haktrgck`chgk ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg. Fn pg`fhcecfkta `f gnbukgs fkifref`g`fs fk ng eg`rf a fn kc÷a rfqucfrf ukg vgnarghcøk ck`cvc`ugnczg`g, haksc`frgk`a nas brgk`fs dfkfichcas `f ng gncefktghcøk hak nfhof egtfrkg irfktf g nas pascdnfs rcfsbas. HVG@TA 2= HAKPTGCK@CHGHCAKFX @F NG NGHPGKHCG EGPFTKG. PAEG@A @F HAECPÃ @F NGHPGKHCG EGPFTKG @F NG GXAHCGHCØK FXZG×ANG @F ZF@CGPTÅG. EAKABTGIÅG K½6. NGHPGKHCG EGPFTKG= BVÅG ZGTG ZTAIFXCAKGNFX. @fdc`gs g ng eg`rf • • •
• • •
Ckifhhcøk par YCO y OPNY-7 (vcrus `f ng nfuhfecg ouegkg `f hãn P). @rabg`chhcøk. Ofpgtctcs H= sc ogy ukg ckifhhcøk hakhurrfktf par YCO a sc sf trgtg `f ukg ofpgtctcs ghtcvg. Xfptchfecg. Ckbfstg egtfrkg `f içreghas haktrgck`chg`as fk ng nghtgkhcg. PDH ghtcvg
@fdc`gs gn rfhcãk kghc`a • •
Fkifref`g`fs hakbãkctgs `fn eftgdancsea= bgnghtasfecg y ifkcnhftakurcg. Ngdca nfparcka.
B. Zrçhtchgs `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg g. Haktghta prfhaz @urgktf ngs prcefrgs `as oargs `fspuãs `fn kghcecfkta, fn dfdã sf fkhufktrg fk fn nngeg`a pfrca`a `f gnfrtg, y fs fn efmar eaefkta pgrg ckchcgr ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg. @urgktf fn haktghta prfhaz (a haktghta pcfn hak pcfn ckef`cgta)= - Xf fstrfhogk nas ngzas gifhtcvas fktrf eg`rf f ocma. - Guefktg ng gutahakicgkzg `f ng eg`rf, quf sf eufstrg eufstrg eçs gifhtuasg hak su dfdã. - Guefktg ng bnuhfecg y sf rf`uhf ng ghc`ascs eftgdønchg `fn TK. TK. - Gshcfk`f `f iareg iareg haktckug ng tfepfrgturg tfepfrgturg `fn TK `urgktf nas prcefras prcefras 9: eckutas. - Fn TK, quf fstç fspfhcgnefktf fspfhcgnefktf gnfrtg, gnfrtg, rfptg rfptg ogstg fn fn pfhoa y oghf ukg suhhcøk suhhcøk harrfhtg, harrfhtg, ofhoa ofhoa quf sf rfnghcakg hak ukg egyar `urghcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg. Pa`a fstf prahfsa puf`f gntfrgrsf sc= - Xf sfpgrg gn kc÷a `f su eg`rf `urgktf `urgktf nas prcefras 2: eckutas. - Xf iufrzg iufrzg gn dfdã g habfrsf habfrsf fn pfhoa gktfs `f quf pakbg pakbg fk egrhog egrhog nas rfinfmas `f grrgcba. - Ng eg`rf og rfhcdc`a gkfstfscg fpc`urgn.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
d. Zaschcøk `f ng eg`rf y fn dfdã Hugk`a ng eg`rf nghtg `fdf fstgr fk ukg paschcøk høea`g, y hak ng fspgn`g rfhtg. Zuf`f fnfbcr ng paschcøk `f `fhýdcta ngtfrgn a sfktg`g. Fn hufrpa `fn kc÷a `fdf fstgr euy prøxcea gn `f ng eg`rf, su trcpg tahgk`a ng `f ng eg`rf, hak ng hgdfzg y nas oaedras arcfktg`as ecrgk`a `f irfktf gn pfhoa. Xu kgrcz `fdf fstgr g ng ecseg gnturg quf fn pfzøk. Ng dahg `fn kc÷a sf ghfrhg gn pfhoa, y ka fn pfhoa gn kc÷a. Ng eg`rf hak ukg egka sf sumftg y prfsfktg fn pfhoa, y hak ng atrg egka sumftg gn dfdã y na `crcbf gn pfhoa. Fs cepartgktf `fhcr g ng eg`rf quf ka pakbg nas `f`as fk iareg `f tcmfrg, yg quf `cichuntg ng fxtrghhcøk `f nfhof `f nas sfkas nghtåifras.
„Eumfr nghtgk`a fk ogdctghcøk `f paspgrta ckef`cgta―
h. Xuhhcøk `fn kfakgta Ng paschcøk harrfhtg `fn kfakgta fk ng egeg fs `f hruhcgn c epartgkhcg fk ng prfvfkhcøk `f ngs brcftgs `fn pfzøk, y pgrg fstgdnfhfr y egktfkfr ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg. Fn pfzøk tcfkf quf gnhgkzgr ng pgrtf pastfrcar `f ng dahg `fn kfakgta, `f fstg egkfrg fn kc÷a suhhcakg fn pfzøk y pgrtf `f ng egeg quf fstç par `ftrçs `f ng grfang. Ng suhhcøk sf rfgnczg ef`cgktf ng nfkbug y ng fkhåg supfrcar, hak eavcecfktas håhnchas haea sc iufrg uk ra`cnna. Hak fstf eavcecfkta ng nfhof vg g pgrgr g ng igrckbf ef`cgktf ng haeprfscøk `f nas sfkas nghtåifras.
`. Irfhufkhcg y `urghcøk `f ngs taegs @fmgk`a quf fn dfdã haeg hugk`a qucfrg, sf adsfrvgk gepncgs vgrcghcakfs fk ng irfhufkhcg y ng `urghcøk `f ngs taegs fktrf uk dfdã y atra `urgktf nas prcefras `ågs, na hugn fs karegn. Ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg g `fegk`g sf ghaepg÷g `f efmar rfhupfrghcøk `f pfsa `fspuãs `fn kghcecfkta, egyar `urghcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg, efkar kcvfn `f chtfrchcg fk nas prcefras `ågs y efkar ckhc`fkhcg `f ckburbctghcøk egegrcg hugk`a sf haepgrg hak uk oargrca råbc`a (hg`g 8-0 oargs). Xf `fdf rfhaefk`gr oargrca g `fegk`g `fs`f fn prckhcpca. Xck fedgrba, sc fn dfdã `ufref `urgktf eçs `f 8 a 0 oargs sfbuc`gs, fs hakvfkcfktf ghaksfmgr g nas pg`rfs quf cktfktfk `fspfrtgrna fstc-
f`ctarcgn } hfp
eunçk`ana hak sugvc`g` pgrg pakfrna gn pfhoa. G pgrtcr `f ngs 40 oargs fs euy cepartgktf cktfktgr quf ogbg ?-7: taegs gn `åg. Ka `fdf ncectgrsf ng `urghcøk `f ngs taegs. Ng egyaråg `f nas dfdãs oghfk taegs hartgs y irfhufktfs fn prcefr `åg a `åg y ef`ca quf, guk gså, sak pfrifhtgefktf fifhtcvgs pgrg fstceungr ng sudc`g `f ng nfhof. G ef`c`g quf guefktgk nas `ågs `f vc`g, guefktg ng sfksghcøk `f ogedrf `fn dfdã y, haksfhufktfefktf, ng `urghcøk `f ngs taegs.
f. Huc`g`a `f ngs egegs Ka fs kfhfsgrca ncepcgr fn pfzøk y ng grfang gktfs y `fspuãs `f hg`g taeg. Ka ogy quf utcnczgr hrfegs, sanuhcakfs kc pratfhtarfs `f hfnunasg. Fs suichcfktf ng `uhog `cgrcg.
i. Ckhc`fkhc Ckhc`fkhcgs gs `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg Ngs prckhcpgnfs rgzakfs par ngs quf ngs eumfrfs gdgk`akgk ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg sak= brcftgs fk nas pfzakfs, ckburbctghcøk egegrcg y nfhof cksuichcfktf. Ng egyaråg `f fstas pradnfegs sf puf`fk prfvfkcr hak ukg nghtgkhcg egtfrkg sck rfstrchhcakfs fk uk dfdã quf g`aptg ukg dufkg pasturg `fs`f ng prcefrg taeg, y airfhcfk`a g ngs eg`rfs sapartf prçhtcha y gpaya feahcakgn. Fn g`cfstrgecfkta `f ngs eg`rfs pgrg gegegktgr hak ukg paschcøk harrfhtg, guefktg ng `urghcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg n ghtgkhcg egtfrkg, y `cseckuyf fn parhfktgmf `f brcftgs, `f ckburbctghcøk egegrcg y `f ocpabgnghtcg.
• Brcftgs Xu gpgrchcøk fstç rfnghcakg`g hak ukg egng paschcøk `fn kc÷a gn nghtgr, y ka tcfkf rfnghcøk hak ng `urghcøk `f ngs taegs. Fn trgtgecfkta hakscstf fk harrfbcr ng paschcøk, `f ea`a quf fn dfdã gdgrquf hak ng dahg ukg brgk parhcøk `fn pfhoa y ka søna fn pfzøk. Xf ogk rfhaefk`g`a hrfegs g dgsf `f vctgeckgs G y @, hartchac`fs sugvfs (hartcsakg gn 7%) y hgnar sfha, a ng gpnchghcøk sadrf ng brcftg `f nfhof fxprcec`g `fn ecsea pfhoa y `fmgr sfhgr gn gcrf `urgktf ukas eckutas.
Xck fedgrba, ka fs kfhfsgrca gpnchgr kckbýk tcpa `f paeg`g pufs ka fstç `feastrg`g ng utcnc`g` `f kckbukg.
• Ckburbctghcøk egegrcg Fs uk prahfsa quf hursg hak sfksghcøk `f tfkscøk, `anar, fkramfhcecfkta y hgnar fk ngs egegs. Fn pfzøk sufnf fstgr gpngkg`a, par fn f`feg. Ka ogy icfdrf kc scktaegtanabåg bfkfrgn. Xufnf suhf`fr fk ngs eumfrfs quf ncectgk fn kýefra y `urghcøk `f ngs taegs, a hugk`a fn kc÷a ka g`aptg ukg dufkg paschcøk `urgktf fnngs. Fn trgtgecfkta g`fhug`a ckhnuyf= - Gpnchgr hgnar nahgn gktfs `f ngs taegs (haeprfsgs tcdcgs a suefrbcr fn pfhoa fk fk gbug tcdcg), pgrg pra`uhcr vgsa`cngtghcøk y ighcnctgr quf inuyg ng n fhof. - Tfgnczgr uk egsgmf sugvf y hcrhungr `fs`f ng pfrcifrcg pfrcifrcg oghcg oghcg ng grfang. - Gktfs `f pakfr fn kc÷a gn pfhoa, fxtrgfr uk paha `f nfhof, nfhof, pgrg quf ng egeg quf`f eçs dngk`g y sf ighcnctf fn gbgrrf. - Haepradgr quf ng paschcøk `fn `fn kc÷a sfg harrfhtg harrfhtg pgrg ukg fxtrghhcøk fichgz `f nfhof.
f`ctarcgn } hfp
- Zgrg vghcgr dcfk fn pfhoa y quf ka `cseckuyg ng pra`uhhcøk `f nfhof, sf `fdf guefktgr ng irfhufkhcg `f ngs taegs, y sc fs kfhfsgrca, haepnftgr fn vghcg`a ef`cgktf fxtrghhcøk egkugn a hak sghgnfhofs. - Ng gpnchghcøk gpnchghcøk `f iråa nahgn fktrf ngs taegs rf`uhf ng ckburbctghcøk y gncvcg fn `anar. - Xf rfhaefk`grç rfhaefk`grç g ng eg`rf fn usa usa ngs 40 oargs `f uk sumftg`ar gmustg`a y ng taeg `f gkgnbãschas (pgrghftgean a cdupraifka) sc na prfhcsg.
O. Içreghas y nghtgkhcg egtfrkg Ng egyaråg `f nas içreghas quf ckbcfrf ng eg`rf `urgktf ng nghtgkhcg sf fxhrftgk par ng nfhof, gukquf ng hgktc`g` sufnf sfr euy pfquf÷g haea pgrg pra`uhcr gnbýk fifhta fk fn kc÷a. Fn brg`a `f fxpaschcøk `fn kfakgta g nas içreghas `fpfk`f `f= ng `ascs, su hakhfktrghcøk fk ng nfhof egtfrkg fk fn eaefkta `f nghtgr, fn brg`a `f gdsarhcøk `fn içregha par fn cktfstcka y ng hgpghc`g` `fn kc÷a pgrg fnceckgrna. Haea içreghas haktrgck`chg`as fk ng nghtgkhcg `fstghgeas= ngs gkiftgeckgs, ngs `rabgs `f gdusa sahcgn (hahgåkg, ofraåkg, gnhaoan fk fxhfsa, fth.), nas gktckfapnçschas, ng geca`grakg, fth. Ogy quf ckiaregr g ng eumfr quf nghtg quf fk hgsa `f tfkfr quf taegr gnbýk içregha `fdf haksuntgr.
C. Ckocdchcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg Ng ckocdchcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg sf rfgnczg fk ngs eumfrfs quf `fhc`fk ka nghtgr g sus ocmas, fk nas hgsas `f eufrtf pfrckgtgn, y fk ngs eumfrfs quf prfsfktfk pgtanabågs quf haktrgck`cqufk ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg (OCY, ofpgtctcs H ghtcvg, PDH…) Ng ckocdchcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg sf puf`f rfgnczgr ef`cgktf `cifrfktfs eãta`as y trgtgecfktas=
g. Hak`uhtg pgscvg Ka sf fifhtýg kckbýk tcpa `f trgtgecfkta. Ng eumfr sufnf rfifrcr `anar par ckburbctghcøk `urgktf uka a `as `ågs. Fs ghaksfmgdnf uk sumftg`ar quf gmustf ngs egegs, y fstç fk `fsusa fn vfk`gmf `f ãstgs, yg quf ka sf og `feastrg`a quf fn vfk`gmf gyu`f g ng ckocdchcøk `f ng sfhrfhcøk nçhtfg.
d. @fstftf prabrfscva Fn fspghcgecfkta `f ng taegs `f iareg prabrfscvg fs uk eãta`a nfkta quf airfhf dufkas rfsuntg`as fk ngs eumfrfs quf `fhc`fk ickgnczgr ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg. Fk ng ghtugnc`g` ka sf haksc`frg kfhfsgrcg ng suprfscøk `f ng ckbfstg `f nåquc`as n åquc`as par pgrtf `f ng eg`rf.
h. Draeafrbahrcptck Draeafrbahrcptckgg Fs fn içregha eçs utcnczg`a ghtugnefktf. Fs uk içregha gktgbakcstg `fn ightar `f ncdfrghcøk `f ng pranghtckg, y tcfkf uk fifhta fichgz fk ng suprfscøk `f ng nghtgkhcg, gukquf g vfhfs hugk`a ickgnczg fn trgtgecfkta puf`f ogdfr uk fifhta rfdatf y ngs egegs vufnvfk g sfhrftgr nfhof.
M. Gsfsargecfkta y gpaya `f ngs eumfrfs quf nghtgk @fdc`a g quf ukg brgk praparhcøk `f eumfrfs quf ckchcgk ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg ng gdgk`akg gn nnfbgr g su oabgr a fk ngs prcefrgs sfegkgs, nas fsiufrzas `f nas praifscakgnfs y `f nas brupas `f gpaya
f`ctarcgn } hfp
`urgktf ng nghtgkhcg `fdfk fkhgeckgrsf g nabrgr quf ngs eumfrfs quf `fsfgk nghtgr g sus ocmas, na ogbgk `f iareg sgtcsightarcg y fichgz. Egtrakgs, bckfhønabas, pf`cgtrgs y fkifrefrgs ahupgk uk nubgr fstrgtãbcha fk ng praeahcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg y `fdfk trgdgmgr `f iareg haar`ckg`g. Fs kfhfsgrca airfhfr uk dufk gsfsargecfkta prçhtcha y gpaya feahcakgn g ngs eg`rfs `urgktf su fstgkhcg fk fn oaspctgn, pfra tgedcãk fs ck`cspfksgdnf quf scbgk rfhcdcfk`a `choa gsfsargecfkta y gpaya fk sus `aechcncas. Ng Ckchcgtcvg Oaspctgn Gecba `f nas kc÷as (COGK) `f ng AEX/VKCHFI sf÷gng fk fn ýntcea `f nas „@cfz pgsas oghcg ukg ifncz nghtgkhcg kgturgn― ng cepartgkhcg `f iaefktgr fn fstgdnfhcecfkta `f brupas `f gpaya g ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg y prahurgr quf ngs eg`rfs sf pakbgk fk haktghta hak fnnas g su sgnc`g `fn oaspctgn. Nas brupas `f gpaya hufktgk hak haksfmfrgs `f nghtgkhcg fxpfrcefktg`gs quf puf`fk gyu`gr g ngs eg`rfs g rfsanvfr pradnfegs hakhrftas `f iareg ck`cvc`ugnczg`g, na quf fs fkarefefktf fifhtcva, yg quf fstç suichcfktfefktf `feastrg`a quf ngs eg`rfs quf rfhcdfk gpaya egktcfkfk nghtgkhcgs eçs pranakbg`gs.
Fsqufeg 72
ZVFTZFTCA CKEF@CGPA S ZTFHA] Cktra`uhhcøk @fickchcøk `f pufrpfrca Fn pufrpfrca puf`f `fickcrsf haea fn pfrca`a `f tcfepa trgkshurrc`a `fs`f ng ickgnczghcøk `fn pgrta ogstg uk nåectf vgrcgdnf, bfkfrgnefktf 9 sfegkgs, fk quf ahurrf ng prcefrg efkstrughcøk y fn arbgkcsea ifefkcka vufnvf g ng karegnc`g`. Ng rfbrfscøk gn fstg`a prfvca gn fedgrgza kukhg fs haepnftg, pfrscstcfk`a pfquf÷as hgedcas quf kas pfrectfk `cifrfkhcgr g ng kuncbfstg `f ng eumfr quf og tfkc`a gnbýk fedgrgza a pgrta. Ftgpgs Zufrpfrca ckef`cgta Zufrpfrca prfhaz a prapcgefktf `choa Zufrpfrca tgr`åa
Hgedcas icscanøbchas Hgedcas bfkctgnfs Hufrpa utfrcka Ckvanuhcøk utfrckg Tfbfkfrghcøk `fn fk`aeftrca Tfbfkfrghcøk `fn nfhoa pnghfktgrca Naqucas Hufnna utfrcka Ygbckg y vunvg Eushungturg pãnvchg Hgedcas bfkfrgnfs Zfrctakfa y pgrf` gd`aeckgn Zãr`c`g `f pfsa y dgngkhf oå`rcha Xcstfeg urckgrca Xcstfeg bgstracktfstckgn Xcstfeg Tfspcrgtarca Fqucncdrca çhc`a-dgsf Hgedcas eftgdønchas Hgedcas hgr`cavgshungrfs y ofegtanøbchas Xfrcf dngkhg Xfrcf ramg Hagbunghcøk sgkbuåkfg Yanuefk sgkbuåkfa Bgsta hgr`cgha
Hgedcas fk`ahrckas Fstrøbfkas IXO y NO Nghtøbfka pnghfktgrca Oareakg harcabakg`atrapg (OHB) Xcstfeg eýshuna-fsqufnãtcha Zcfn
Hgedcas pschasahcgnfs Yanvfr g vcvcr ng fxpfrcfkhcg `fn kghcecfkta Tfspufstgs `f nas pg`rfs Ftgpg `f ng ghfptghcøk Ftgpg `fn gpaya Ftgpg `f g`aphcøk `f kufvgs rfspaksgdcnc`g`fs Yåkhunas fktrf pg`rfs f ocmas
Tfhupfrghcøk Tfhupfrghc øk pufrpfrgn y haepnchghcakfs Hugk`a ickgnczg fn pufrpfrca, fn arbgkcsea `f ng eumfr `fdf ogdfr rfhupfrg`a, prçhtchgefktf fk su tatgnc`g`, ngs hak`chcakfs icscanøbchgs prapcgs `f ng eumfr ka bfstgktf
YGNATGHCØK S HVC@G@AX @F FKIFTEFTÅG Xfbucecfkta `fn pufrpfrca ckef`cgta y huc`g`as `f ng puãrpfrg Cktra`uhhcøk Huc`g`as iåschas Huc`g`as pschasahcgnfs
Ygnarghcøk y huc`g`as `f ng eumfr fk fn pufrpfrca prfhaz Nghtgkhcg egtfrkg Gkgtaeåg `f ngs egegs Icscanabåg `f ng sfhrfhcøk nçhtfg Egeabãkfscs Nghtabãkfscs Bgnghtapayfscs y egktfkcecfkta `f ng nghtgkhcg Ckinufkhcg `f ng nghtgkhcg sadrf ng eg`rf Haepaschcøk `f ng nfhof egtfrkg Yfktgmgs `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg Yfktgmgs pgrg fn dfdã
Yfktgmgs pgrg ng eg`rf
Haktrgck`chghcakfs Haktrgck`ch ghcakfs `f ng NE Zrçhtchgs `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg Haktghta prfhaz Zaschcøk `f ng eg`rf y fn dfdã Xuhhcøk `fn kfakgta Irfhufkhcg y `urghcøk `f ngs taegs Huc`g`a `f ngs egegs Ckhc`fkhcgs `f ng nghtgkhcg egtfrkg Içreghas y nghtgkhcg egtfrkg Ckocdchcøk `f ng nghtgkhcg Hak`uhtg pgscvg @fstftf prabrfscva Draeafrbahrcptckg Gsfsargecfkta y gpaya `f ngs eumfrfs quf nghtgk