XKAI :;
Jcjdce`rigái
Iotuiocemks hk kmgkrakrái km Iotuiocemks bespctidcziocÿm. ^reokhcackmtes y tãomcois aés grkoukmtks. Mutrcocÿm ipdcoihi y hcktetkripci Obidcgeur, L. Di rkdiocÿm hk iyuhi km ouchihes hk kmgkrakrái. [mi pkrspkotcvi bedástcoi y buaimcsti. _@ Khcterks, Jirokdemi, 933? @ige, L. —Di buaimcziocÿm hk di prixcs simctirci‑. Ãtcoi y dk`csdiocÿm km kmgkrakrái. Khctercid [mcvkrsctis _I, Aihrch, 9338 @edkaim, H. Cmtkdc`kmoci kaeocemid. Oicres. Jirokdemi 9337 ^ãrkz Czquckrhe,M. Iotuiocemks hk kmgkrakrái km bespctidcziocÿm. ^reokhcackmtes y tãomcois aés grkoukmtks. Wed CC. Kmgkrakres I`kmoci Widkmocimi hk _iduh. Khctercid OK^. Ijrcd :>99 Zehrá`ukz Aircm, L. \urrci`i Dderkms, Z. Kstrãs, Kmgkrakhih y bespctidcziocÿm. Ksoukdi Imhiduzi hk _iduh ^üjdcoi (KI_^), @rimihi Zujce, L.A. Di buaimcziocÿm hk di iscstkmoci simctirci. Oeapirtcr 9330
Ejlktcves
Kstuhcir des prejdkais pscoeseocidks y hk i hiptiocÿm hkd piockmtk bespctidczihe Iprkmhkr dis tãomcois hk cmtkrvkmocÿm hk kmgkrakrái imtk kstis sctuiocemks Kstuhcir di mutrcocÿm ipdcoihi y di hcktetkripci
khctercid } okp
9. IOX[IOCEMK_ IOX[IOCE MK_ HK KMGKZ KMGKZAKZÁI AKZÁI KM BE_^CXI BE_^CXIDC\IOCßM. DC\IOCßM. ^ZEOKHCACKMXE_ S XÃOMCOI_ AÉ_ GZKO[KMXK_ 9.9 Kmgkrakhih y bespctidcziocÿm I. Bespctid Kd bespctid ks um okmtre km kd ouid des piockmtks sem itkmhches hk sus hedkmocis, sckmhe mkoksirce, piri kdde, um sk`ucackmte pkrsemidczihe hk dis m kokschihks hkd piockmtk. Km kd bespctid kd prcmocpid prejdkai ks oÿae buaimczir di rkdiocÿm kmtrk des pregkscemidks simctirces y kd piockmtk, um skr buaime gré`cd y grkoukmtkakmtk im`ustcihe, quk vcvk kd hure trimok hk umi kmgkrakhih quk igkoti bemhiakmtk i su skr pkrsemid. Kstk bi sche sckaprk kd rkte hk di simchih y ks di tirki quk tckmk oemtcmuiakmtk imtk sus eles hkmtre hk um airoe, oeae kd iotuid, km kd quk kxcstk umi `rim hkspreperocÿm kmtrk des segcstcoihes akhces tãomcoes tãomcoes hk quk hcspemk y des jiles mcvkdks hk buaimchih quk caprk`mim di ioocÿm simctirci.
J. Kmgequk akoimcocsti hk kmgkrakhih Hurimtk auobes iùes, kd scstkai hk viderks pregkscemidks bi kstihe dc`ihe id tritiackmte hk dis kmgkrakhihks, oemtkapdimhe id beajrk oeae umi aéqucmi quk i vkoks sk pukhk rkpirir. Kd vider jusoihe ks di iuskmoci hk kmgkrakhih. Di siduh ks oemschkrihi oeae pesctcvi ackmtris quk di kmgkrakhih ks mk`itcvi, per de quk sk prktkmhk oeajitcrdi y idcvcirdi. Km kstk airoe di pkrsemi ks oemokjchi oeae di suai hk sus pirtks, puhckmhe skr hcvcscjdk. Ks um kmgequk akoimcocsti, km kd quk di hcakmscÿm jcedÿ`coi sk pukhk skpirir hk di pscoedÿ`coi, hk di oudturid y hk di kspcrctuid. Oem grkoukmoci, ouimhe des pregkscemidks kmgeoim su trijile i di kmgkrakhih, oemschkrim quk di oipiochih hk kdkoocÿm hkd kmgkrae sk kmoukmtri auy hcsacmuchi, ouimhe me imudihi, per di kmgkrakhih. Kdde sk trihuok km pesturis idtiakmtk pitkrmidcstis. Ks oeae sc di pkrsemi kmgkrai tuvckri quk hklir hk dihe di iutemeaái quk oeae skr buaime klkrok km kd rkste hk su vchi< di kmgkrakhih dk suakr`k km um oeapdcoihe preokse pscoedÿ`coe quk imudi su oipiochih hk rizemir y preykotirsk iutÿmeaiakmtk. Di siduh sk oeaprkmhk oeae scmÿmcae hk jckmkstir, oeae um gkmÿakme audtchcakmscemid y um preokse kskmocidakmtk hcméacoe oiriotkrczihe per gduotuiocemks oemtcmuis, aüdtcpdks k cmtkrhkpkmhckmtks. Di siduh ks kd rksudtihe hkd kqucdcjrce hcméacoe y hk di oipiochih hk di pkrsemi piri ihiptirsk i su akhce iajckmtk, piri ddkvir i oije sus iotcvchihks bijctuidks, i pksir hk quk pukhi tkmkr umi kmgkrakhih e idtkriocÿm oemorkti km su siduh. Di siduh y di kmgkrakhih me sem viderks ijsedutes i oemsk`ucr e oeajitcr, sem dis d is gerais i trivãs hk dis ouidks umi pkrsemi hi ourse i su kxcstkmoci.
O. ^reokse ^reok se hk bespctidcz bespctidcziocÿm iocÿm Kd preokse hk bespctidcziocÿm hk des piockmtks ksté oir`ihe hk um oeapemkmtk kaeocemid quk rkpkroutk km giacdcirks y piockmtks sckmhe kstk üdtcae kd aés igkotihe y sk`üm kd oeapemkmtk pitedÿ`coe quk dk ioeapiùk pukhk oeapdcoirsk kd ouihre hkd acsae. [mi vkz bespctidczihe kd
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piockmtk, oeakmziré i skmtcr ackhes, skmsiocÿm hk ijimheme, pãrhchi y sedkhih, per de timte, hkjkaes kmtkmhkr kd preokse hk hukde quk kapckzi i kmgrkmtir y i kxprksir, i trivãs, hk aüdtcpdks akoimcsaes hk hkgkmsi, `kmkriherks hk oemhuotis peoe ihkouihis quk cmtkrgckrkm prcmocpidakmtk km sus rkdiocemks cmtkrpkrsemidks y vim hksaklerimhe hk gerai pre`rkscvi su oidchih hk vchi. Di bespctidcziocÿm rkprkskmti piri kd piockmtk y su giacdci< - Hksigáe i di oipiochih hk ihiptiocÿm. - Gukrtk oir`i hk imsckhih y kstrãs. Di kmgkrakri hkjkré tkmkr km oukmti quk ks umi sctuiocÿm kstrksimtk e hk sejrkoir`i, prehuok oiajces capertimtks km di pkrsemi y skré su gumocÿm iyuhirdi i iprkmhkr i oemtredir dis ocroumstimocis i dis quk sk hkjk h kjk ihiptir.
9.: Capiote hkd oiajce y kstrãs Xehe oiajce km di rutcmi, oestuajrks y iotcvchihks bijctuidks hk di pkrsemi pukhk capdcoir umi sctuiocÿm pregumhiakmtk cmqucktimtk. Di iakmizi i di sitcsgioocÿm hk dis mkokschihks biok quk kd cmhcvchue vcvi tkmscemks (gáscois, pscoedÿ`cois, seocidks y kspcrctuidks) quk kd er`imcsae tritiré hk kdcacmir pemckmhe km airobi um oemlumte hk rkioocemks gcscedÿ`cois, oe`mctcvis, kaeocemidks kaeocemidks y seocidks piri ihiptirsk. Di kmgkrakhih di pehkaes oemschkrir oeae umi sctuiocÿm kstrksimtk hk oiajce y umi sejrkoir`i, di ouid oemddkvi i quk di pkrsemi tkm`i quk cmtrehuocr oiajces.
I. Kstrãs i. Kstrãs oeae rkspuksti gcscedÿ`coi Kd kstrãs sk pukhk oemokptuidczir oeae rkspuksti gcscedÿ`coi (_kydk, 930;). Hkshk kstk pumte hk vcsti, kxcstkm trks gisks km di rkioocÿm gcscedÿ`coi hk idtkriocÿm<
• Gisk hk idirai Km di ouid kd oukrpe sk kmoukmtri km umi sctuiocÿm hk idkrti (iuakmti di grkoukmoci y di cmtkmschih hkd ditche oirháioe, iuakmti di tkmscÿm irtkrcid, sk idtkri kd rctae y di grkoukmoci hk di rkspcriocÿm), y sk oedeoi km sctuiocÿm hk buchi e itiquk piri rkstijdkokr kd kqucdcjrce cmtkrme.
• Gisk hk rkscstkmoci Km di ouid tehes des oiajces hk di gisk imtkrcer sk aimtckmkm pkre hcsacmuyk su cmtkmschih. Kd cmhcvchue cmtkmti rkstijdkokr kd kqucdcjrce, ipirtémhesk e ihiptémhesk i di sctuiocÿm.
• Gisk hk i`etiackmte Km di ouid di pkrsemi oemtcmui cmtkmtimhe oeajitcr des kstáaudes kstrksimtks pkre ddk`i um pumte km kd ouid sc me ks oipiz hk ihiptirsk, su vchi ksti iakmizihi. _c biok grkmtk ihkouihiakmtk i di sctuiocÿm, di tkmscÿm sk oemvckrtk km id`e siduhijdk quk giocdcti di kstcaudiocÿm y vc`cdimoci, oemtrcjuyk id orkocackmte y hksirredde pkrsemid y iyuhi i oujrcr mkokschihks (rkspukstis ihiptihis).
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Iscacsae, ouimhe kd cmhcvchue me orki epertumchihks piri rkoupkrir kd kqucdcjrce, di tkmscÿm me ks oidoudijdk y sk orkim skmtcackmtes hk hksiapire, hk oimsimoce e ipitái, sk cmbcjk kd gumocemiackmte ÿptcae kxcstk prkhcspescocÿm i di kmgkrakhih (rkspukstis hksihiptihis).
j. Kstrãs oeae preokse oe`mctcve Me tehis dis pkrsemis rkioocemim hk di acsai aimkri imtk des kstáaudes, per de quk kd kstrãs hkjk skr oemokptuidczihe oeae id`e aés quk um kstáaude. Üdtcaiakmtk sk hkgcmk oeae um preokse y sk pemk ãmgiscs km des preokses oe`mctcves< - Di pkrsemi pkrocjk kd kstáaude. - Xris pkrocjcrde pkrocjcrde rkidczi umi kviduiocÿm prcairci hkd skmtche y sc`mcgcoihe pkrsemid pkrsemid hkd ioemtkocackmte, piri ddk`ir i odiscgcoirde oeae crrkdkvimtk e rkdkvimtk piri kd jckmkstir gáscoe e pscoedÿ`coe (i`kmtks kstrksimtks). - Km oise hk skr kviduihe oeae rkdkvimtk, biy quk sijkr sc sk triti hk umi iakmizi (mk`itc(mk`itcves) e hk um rkte (pesctcves). - Hkspuãs hk kste, hkjkré hkjkré kapkzir i imidczir ouédks sem dis kstritk`cis quk pukhk utcdczir piri biokr grkmtk i di sctuiocÿm (akoimcsaes hk igremtiackmte). - I pirtcr hk kddis, pehré oemtredir kd kstrãs (rkspukstis ihiptihis) e grioisir (rkspukstis hksihiptihis).
J. I`kmtks kstrksim kstrksimtks tks _em ouidquckr kstáaude quk kd cmhcvchue pkrocjk oeae um rkte, umi iakmizi e umi hkaimhi y quk vim i prehuocr p rehuocr km kd cmhcvchue umi rkspuksti hk tkmscÿm, oiajces gcscedÿ`coes y jcequáacoes. Des kstrkserks pukhkm skr pesctcves y sk ddiaim kutrãs e mk`itcves y sk ddiaim hcstrãs.
Iumquk id`umis sctuiocemks sk oemschkrim umcvkrsidakmtk prehuoteris hk kstrãs (um ioochkmtk, di pãrhchi hk um skr qukrche, kto.), di oipiochih hk etris piri prehuocr kstrãs hkpkmhk hkd aehe km quk de cmtkrprktk di pkrsemi, sk`üm di kxpkrckmoci prkvci hk ioemtkocackmtes scacdirks, y hk su bijcdchih piri kmgrkmtirsk i kddes. ^ehkaes, per de timte, igcrair quk kd kstrãs me rkschk km kd ioemtkocackmte hk vchi pirtcoudir e km di pkrsemi, scme aés jckm ks prehuote hk di cmtkrioocÿm kmtrk iajes.
O. Gioterks prkhcspemkmtks Kd kgkote hk des i`kmtks kstrksimtks vi i hkpkmhkr hk<
i. Hkd prepce ioemtkocackmte - _u mituridkzi. Cmtkmschih, kxtkmscÿm, kxtkmscÿm, grkoukmoci grkoukmoci y huriocÿm. [m kstrkser mk`itcve pukhk skr aés pkrluhcocid ouimhe umi pkrsemi de predem`i hk gerai oemtcmuihi e aimtckmk skmtcackmtes gukrtks auobe tckape hkspuãs hk quk kd kstrkser rkid biyi hksipirkoche. - Ai`mctuh hkd oiajce quk rkprkskmti.
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- Kmkr`ái quk rkquckrk kd kstáaude piri oeajitcrde.
j. Hk di pkrsemi • ^rkhcspemkmtks jcedÿ`coes Imtkokhkmtks `kmãtcoes, oemhcocÿm mutrctcvi, skmscjcdchihks jcedÿ`cois, siduh `kmkrid e kxpescocÿm i texcmis. Kd kstrãs igkoti kd ÿr`ime aés hãjcd hkd scstkai.
• ^rkhcspemkmtks pscoedÿ`co pscoedÿ`coes es Cmtkdc`kmoci, bijcdchihks vkrjidks, pkrsemidchih, kxpkrckmocis pisihis, iuteoemokpte, aetcviocÿm e heacmce hk di prepci sukrtk. Dis pkrsemis pscoedÿ`coiakmtk gukrtks tckmkm aés prejijcdchihks quk dis hãjcdks piri igremtir siduhijdkakmtk des ioemtkocackmtes kstrksimtks hk di vchi. Kstk kstcde hk pkrsemidchih cmoduyk trks oiriotkrástcois jéscois, oeapreacse, oemtred y rkte< - Kd oeapreacse pkractk vkr i di pkrsemi di capertimoci y kd vider hk de quk ks y rkidczi, de ouid di ddkvi i cmveduorirsk km de quk qu k ksté biockmhe. - Kd oemtred ks di chki hk quk di pkrsemi ks rkspemsijdk hk su prepci vchi, quk hk id`üm aehe preveoi des ioemtkocackmtes, y quk, per de timte, des pukhk oemtredir. - Kd rkte ksté jisihe km di chki hk quk kd oiajce ks id`e aés kspkrihe kspkrihe km di vchi quk di kstijcdchih, per de quk pkractk oemtkapdir des ioemtkocackmtes kstrksimtks, aés quk oeae umi iakmizi, oeae umi epertumchih quk oemhuok id hksirredde pkrsemid.
• ^rkhcspemkmtks seoceoudturidks - ^krsemidks Khih, skxe, pkrsemidchih, oipiochih hk ihiptiocÿm y igremtiackmte hkd kstrãs, kxpkrckmocis prkvcis, orkkmocis y viderks, bijcdchihks piri kd iuteouchihe,... - _eoceoudturidks _c`mcgcoihe seocid hk di kmgkrakhih, kmgkrakhih, rkspuksti rkspuksti hk di giacdci, su red y kstitus, kstitus, sctuiocÿm sctuiocÿm dijerid y koemÿacoi, rkourses seocidks hk ipeye,... - Hkd bespctid Er`imcziocÿm hkd okmtre, okmtre, oemhcocemks iscstkmocidks y tkripãutcois, tkripãutcois, iotctuh y oemgcimzi km kd kd kqucpe, cmgrikstruoturi,... - Hk di kmgkrakhih Xcpe (i`uhi/orÿmcoi), premÿstcoe, skoukdis y/e cmoipiochihks, akhchis tkripãutcois quk sk rkquckrim,... I pirtcr hk kste, kste, sk pukhk hkocr quk di pkrsemi pkrsemi rkscstkmtk rkscstkmtk id kstrãs kstrãs tckmk um oemlumte kspkoágcoe hk iotctuhks bioci di vchi, um skmtcackmte hk pirtcocpiocÿm km de quk ksté biockmhe y um skmtche hk oemtred grkmtk i des ioemtkocackmtes.
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9.? Igremtiackmte Oeae bkaes vcste des i`kmtks kstrksimtks vim i prehuocr km kd cmhcvchue idtkriocemks kaeocemidks, oe`mctcvis y gcscedÿ`cois. Kd cmhcvchue imtk kstes oiajces cmtkmti rkhuocrdes, y piri kdde utcdczi dis kstritk`cis hk igremtiackmte. Kd igremtiackmte capdcoi um ksgukrze piri prkvkmcr, kdcacmir e hkjcdctir des kstrkserks hkd tid gerai quk sk pukhkm tedkrir. Biy hcstcmtis gerais piri rkidczir kd igremtiackmte< - Akoimcsaes hk hkgkmsi hkgkmsi oeae di mk`iocÿm, mk`iocÿm, di riocemidcziocÿm, di preykoocÿm. preykoocÿm. - Oemsuacr hre`is quk vim hkshk géraioes skhimtks y trimqucdc trimqucdczimtks zimtks prksorctes per kd aãhcoe, pisimhe per kd ijuse hk idoebed u etris hre`is dk`idks. - Xãomcois hk rkdiliocÿm, akhctiocÿm. Iumquk me tehis kstis tãomcois sem kgkotcvis, tehis kddis rkprkskmtim um cmtkmte hk igremtir kd kstrãs. Hk aimkri `kmãrcoi, sk pukhk igcrair quk kxcstkm hes gerais hk igremtir kd kstrãs< kd igremtiackmte hcrkote y kd hkgkmscve.
I. Igremtiackmte hcrkote Ouimhe di pkrsemi sk kmgrkmti hcrkotiakmtk id i`kmtk kstrksimtk, okmtri su itkmocÿm km ãd y utcdczi tehes des akoimcsaes piri prehuocr um oiajce km des ioemtkocackmtes y quk ãstk hksipirkzoi. Dis kstritk`cis hk igremtiackmte hcrkote sem< - Zkseduocÿm hk prejdkais - Oemgremtiocÿm (mk`eociocÿm) - Ipeye seocid (iqukddis pkrsemis quk pehkaes pkhcr iyuhi)
J. Akoimcs Akoimcsaes aes hkgkmscves Kstém hcrc`ches i di suprkscÿm hk des kgkotes mk`itcves hkd kstrãs, pkre km ksti eoiscÿm, km vkz hk igremtir, sk buyk hk di sctuiocÿm e hk des sámteais quk preveoi. Kxcstkm ockrtes akoimcsaes rkditcviakmtk aihures quk pukhkm ddkvir i di ihiptiocÿm y prehuocr jckmkstir gáscoe y pscoedÿ`coe (sujdcaiocÿm y skmtche hkd buaer), pkre per de `kmkrid su use kxokscve oemhuok i di cmihiptiocÿm. Des akoimcsaes aés utcdczihes km kd igremtiackmte hkgkmscve sem des hk hkgkmsi, oem kddes, di pkrsemi, hk gerai cmoemsockmtk, cmtkmti hcsterscemir di rkidchih kstrksimtk piri vkrdi oeae id`e me pkrluhcocid, de quk dk capchk cmtkrioocemir hk gerai gumocemid oem kd kmterme. Di kmgkrakri hkjk rkoemeokr su prkskmoci y isá pehkr viderirdes id prkstir des ouchihes. I oemtcmuiocÿm octirkaes des aés grkoukmtks<
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i. Mk`iocÿm Me rkoemeokr di rkidchih hk umi sctuiocÿm triuaétcoi y d es skmtcackmtes quk di ioeapiùim. ^er klkapde< di pkrsemi i di quk sk cmgerai quk tckmk um oémokr tkracmid y iotüi oeae sc mihi, oem iotctuh hk hksprkeoupiocÿm.
j. ^reykoocÿm Di pkrsemi itrcjuyk i des hkaés hkskes, mkokschihks, skmtcackmtes y pkmsiackmtes quk me pukhk iokptir km kddi. ^er klkapde< kd piockmtk hre`ihcote quk biok rkspemsijdk hk su sctuiocÿm i des prejdkais quk tckmk oem su giacdci.
o. Zk`rkscÿm Wedvkr i um kstihe imtkrcer hkd hksirredde, teaimhe oeapertiackmtes cmgimtcdks imtk sctuiocemks hcgáocdks quk sk prkskmtim km di vchi y i dis quk hkjk biokr grkmtk.
h. Hkspdizia Hkspdiziackmte ckmte _kmtcackmte, pkmsiackmte oisc sckaprk hk bestcdchih, kxpkrcakmtihe per umi pkrsemi quk de hkspdizi bioci etri quk sijk quk me pukhk biokrdk hiùe. ^er klkapde< kd piockmtk quk aimcgcksti su i`rkscvchih bioci dis kmgkrakris e kd kqucpe aãhcoe, iumquk rkidakmtk ksté kmgihihe oem su giacdci perquk me sk sckmtk itkmhche.
k. Geraiocÿm rkiotcvi Xeair umi iotctuh e um oeapertiackmte epukste i des skmtcackmtes, hkskes y `ustes vkrhihkres.
g. Zkprkscÿm Ddkvir id cmoemsockmtk des hkskes, pkmsiackmtes, rkoukrhes y skmtcackmtes quk `kmkrim imsckhih.
`. Chkmtcgco Chkmtcgcoiocÿm iocÿm _k ihepti kd oeapertiackmte y di aimkri hk skr hk etri pkrsemi i di quk sk ihacri y i di quk sk bi kdk`che oeae aehkde.
b. Ziocemidcziocÿm Kxpdcoir des hkskes, mkokschihks, skmtcackmtes, scm tkmkr km oukmti dis vkrhihkris rizemks hk ãstes, scme per iqukddis iokptihis per des hkaés y di seockhih. Kste kvctiré di iuteorátcoi hk dis ioocemks y rkioocemks, y per de timte pkractcré kd oiajce.
c. _ujdcaiocÿm Oiajcir hkskes, mkokschihks y pkmsiackmtes seocidakmtk cmiokptijdks per iotcvchihks iokptijdks.
khctercid } okp
l. Oeapkmsiocÿ Oeapkmsiocÿm m Yuckm prkskmti umi hkgcockmoci km um ispkote hk su vchi cmtkmti hkstioir km etre.
f. Icsdiackmte (hcstimoci kaeocemid) Oemtir e vcvcr kxpkrckmocis oem oir`i kaeocemid hk gerai grái, oeae sc me dk bujckri pisihe i ume. Etres akoimcsaes hkgkmscves pukhkm skr di utcdcziocÿm hk sustimocis e hk tãomcois oeae akhctiocÿm, jcegkkhjiof, kto. Xehis kstis kstritk`cis rkdilim kd oukrpe e rkhuokm des sámteais, pkre me biokm mihi per idtkrir di gukmtk e oiusi hkd kstrãs. Km kstk skmtche sem akoimcsaes quk pukhkm iyuhir i oedeoir i di pkrsemi km umi sctuiocÿm aés giverijdk piri biokr um igremtiackmte hcrkote. AKOIMC_AE_ HKGKM_CWE_
Mk`iocÿm
Chkmtcgcoiocÿm
^reykoocÿm
Ziocemidcziocÿm
Zk`rkscÿm
_ujdcaiocÿm
Hkspdiziackmte
Oeapkmsiocÿm
Gerai rkiotcvi
Icsdiackmte
Zkprkscÿm
9.8 Ihiptiocÿm< rkspukstis ihiptihis y hksihiptihis Dis rkspukstis hk igremtiackmte kstém kviduihis km um oemtcmue hk ihiptiocÿm -hksihiptiocÿm. Di ihiptiocÿm biok rkgkrkmoci i di oipiochih hk di pkrsemi piri kmgrkmtirsk i des oiajces cmtkrmes y kxtkrmes hkd akhce, aimtkmckmhe kd kqucdcjrce y petkmocimhe kd orkocackmte y hksirredde pkrsemidks. Dis rkspukstis ihiptitcvis pukhkm skr pesctcvis e mk`itcvis, kmtkmhckmhe per rkspukstis ihiptitcvis pesctcvis iqukddis quk preperocemim kqucdcjrce pkrsemid y oemtrcjuykm i ãd, y per rkspukstis ihiptitcvis mk`itcvis (hksihiptihis), iqukddis gerais hk oeapertiackmte hcsgumocemidks.
I. Zkspukstis ihiptihis - @uáim kd orkocackmte, orkocackmte, kd iprkmhczilk y kd ejlktcve hk de`re. - ^kractkm i di pkrsemi oiajcir e rkcmtkrprktir umi sctuiocÿm tkmsi. - ^kractkm i di pkrsemi oemtredir di tkmscÿm rksudtimtk rksudtimtk hk umi sctuiocÿm, scm k- Kvctim Kvctim kd orkocorkocackmte hcsacmuykmhe di iutemeaái. Kgkotes ihvkrses km etres ispkotes hk di vchi. vc hi.
khctercid } okp
J. Zkspukstis Zkspukstis hksihiptihis - Kd gumocemiackmte oe`mctcve ks ks hkgcockmtk. hkgcockmtk. Dis bijcdchihks cmtkdkotuidks oeae kd rizemiackmte, di pkrokpocÿm, di itkmocÿm, di videriocÿm, kd rkoukrhe e di oeaumcoiocÿm sk kmoukmtrim capkhchis hk aimkri capertimtk. - Di oemhuoti oemhuoti seocid ks hkgcockmtk. hkgcockmtk. Kd oeapertiackmte oeapertiackmte sk sk hksvái auobe hk dis merais seocidks iokptihis. - Kd iuteoemtred iuteoemtred ks hkgcockmtk. hkgcockmtk. Di aiyer pirtk hk dis vkoks vkoks sk kspkri quk dis pkrsemis sk heacmkm i sá acsais, id tckape quk aukstrim kspemtimkchih ouimhe ks ihkouihe. Des kxtrkaes hk peoe e kxi`krihe oemtred pukhkm skr hksihiptihes. - Des skmtcackmtes skmtcackmtes mk`itcves oeae di imsckhih, di cri y di trcstkzi sem sem meraidks k cmkvctijdks. _cm kajir`e, quckmks des prkskmtim me tritim kstis kaeocemks hk aehe ihkouihe y km oemskoukmoci dis sugrkm oem hkaiscihi grkoukmoci, cmtkmschih e pkrscstkmoci.
9.; Zkspukstis kaeocemidks grkmtk di kmgkrakhih Xrks ispkotes hk di rkspuksti kaeocemid hkd cmhcvchue grkmtk id kstrãs y di kmgkrakhih< - _c`mcgcoihe hk jüsqukhi< tehis dis pkrsemis quk kstém km ksi sctuiocÿm jusoim jusoim cmgeraiocÿm cmgeraiocÿm sejrk ksti sctuiocÿm, yi quk ksi cmgeraiocÿm mes vi i giocdctir kmoemtrir umi kstritk`ci hk oeapertiackmte. - Itrcjuocÿm< dis pkrsemis pkrsemis jusoiaes dis oiusis oiusis quk bim ddkvihe i ksi ksi sctuiocÿm. sctuiocÿm. - Oeapiriocÿm seocid< dis pkrsemis viaes i oeapirir mukstris mukstris bijcdchihks oem pkrsemis pkrsemis scacdirks. scacdirks. Imtk di kmgkrakhih sur`km km kd cmhcvchue umi skrck hk rkspukstis kaeocemidks quk sk sctüim km kd oemtcmue ihiptiocÿm-hksihiptiocÿm quk pukhkm iyuhir i di kmgkrakri i viderir di sctuiocÿm hkd piockmtk grkmtk id oiajce.
I. Hkpkmhkmoci-cmhkpkmhkmoci Di hkpkmhkmoci ks id`e meraid, ks id`e quk sk hi hurimtk dis ktipis hk hksirredde y ks id`e quk sk vi i ipirkokr km sctuiocemks hk orcscs. Mesetres miokaes hkpkmhckmtks, hkpkmhckmtks, mes oemhuocaes i di cmhkpkmhkmoci y mes qukhiaes km di cmtkrhkpkmhkmoci. Di hkpkmhkmoci skré umi rkioocÿm bijctuid km dis pkrsemis kmgkrais u bespctidczihis, y di kmgkrakri hkjkré oeaprkmhkrde oeae akoimcsae quk utcdczim imtk um du`ir hksoemeoche e tiajcãm hkjche i di cmoipiochih rkid hk iuteouchihe (pkrsemi pedctriuaitczihi, cmtkrvkmchi, kto.). Km kstes oises, di kmgkrakri supdcré kd ouchihe. Kd oeapertiackmte skré hksihiptitcve, sc kd piockmtk me ks pre`rkscviakmtk cmhkpkmhckmtk, pkraimkockmhe hkpkmhckmtk ouimhe su sctuiocÿm me rkquckrk yi ouchihe. Dis kmgkrakris mkoksctim kmtkmhkr di hkpkmhkmoci k cmhkpkmhkmoci ihiptitcvi y hksihiptitcvi piri iyuhir i di pkrsemi i chkmtcgcoir sus mkokschihks y i oemsk`ucr y aimtkmkr di siduh. Zkoemeokr y aimtkmkr oeapertiackmtes hkpkmhckmtks k cmhkpkmhckmtks iprepcihes sk oemvckrtk km um rkte quk di kmgkrakri hkjk cmoerperir id ouchihe. Kd geakmte hk di cmh kpkmhkmoci akleri dis bijcdchihks cmhcvchuidks y tckmk kd petkmocid piri `irimtczir kd ouchihe aés kgcockmtk y oem um akmer oestk.
khctercid } okp
J. Kspkrimzi-hkskspkrimzi Di kspkrimzi vi ioeapiùihi hk oemgcimzi, hk gk y hk hktkracmiocÿm. Id oemtrirce di hkskspkrimzi vi ioeapiùihi hk hkskspkriocÿm, hk huhi, hk pkmi, hk trcstkzi, kto.… Di kspkrimzi capudsi i dis pkrsemis i iotuir, i tedkrir dis sctuiocemks hcgáocdks, aetcvi i dis pkrsemis. Km oiajce di hkskspkrimzi tckmhk i ijimhemir ijim hemir dis oesis, me kmoukmtrim sc`mcgcoihe i di vchi. Mumoi biy quk quctir di kspkrimzi i dis pkrsemis.
O. Gdkxcjcdchih Gdkxcjcdchih-rc`chkz -rc`chkz Gdkxcjcdchih sc`mcgcoi quk kd cmhcvchue rkspemhk y ksti cmoctihe piri ihiptirsk id oiajce. Xckmk umi akmtk ijckrti y peskk um iapdce iapdc e müakre hk rkspukstis. Km oiajce di rc`chkz sk oiriotkrczi per di hcgcoudtih piri ihiptirsk y hcgcoudtih piri idtkrir kd prepce oeapertiackmte. [mi pkrsemi rá`chi ks umi pkrsemi okrrihi, peoe hcspuksti, oem hcgcoudtih piri rksedvkr prejdkais mukves y oem hcgcoudtih piri dis d is rkdiocemks cmtkrpkrsemidks. Di rc`chkz ks umi oiriotkrástcoi quk hcgcoudti e capescjcdcti kd iprkmhczilk y kd oiajce. Di rc`chkz kxokscvi hcsacmuyk kd müakre hk oeapertiackmtes siduhijdks, sejrk tehe km dis hcakmscemks kaeocemidks, cmtkdkotuidks y seocidks. _cm kajir`e, km eoiscemks des oeapertiackmtes rá`ches pukhkm rkidakmtk iyuhir id cmhcvchue. Dis rkspukstis rá`chis, sc kd kmterme ks bestcd, mk`ir des skmtcackmtes pescjcdcti kd vcvcr sctuiocemks hcgáocdks.
H. Oudpi Di oudpi vi i ipirkokr ouimhe umi pkrsemi sckmtk quk bi bkobe id`e aid y kspkri skr oistc`ihe e quk id`uckm kstã hcs`ustihe oem kddi. Imtk um oeapertiackmte hk oudpi, di kmgkrakri hkjk< - Chkmtcgcoir kd skmtcackmte - Chkmtcgcoir di hkser`imcziocÿm quk preveoir km di pkrsemi - Iyuhir id cmhcvchue i hirsk hirsk ouimti hk kstk skmtcackmte k cmtkmtir quk pukhi ddk`ir i pkrhemirsk - De quk mumoi biy quk biokr ks rkgerzir des skmtcackmtes skmtcackmtes hk oudpi. oudpi.
K. Cri Di cri ks um skmtcackmte hksi`rihijdk y aedkste. ^kre di cri de quk mes ksté aestrimhe ks quk ksi pkrsemi mkokscti itkmocÿm. Di cri di tkmkaes quk cmtkmtir oimidczir. Di giacdci me vi i kmtkmhkr kstk skmtcackmte hk cri, per timte mesetres tkmkaes quk kxpdcoirdks quk me ks perquk ãd tkm`i id`e pkrsemid km oemtri hk kddes scme quk ks meraid hk di kmgkrakhih.
khctercid } okp
Ks gumhiakmtid quk di kmgkrakri iyuhk i dis pkrsemis quk ouchi i rkoemeokr su kmgihe, piri quk iprkmhim i kxprksirde ihkouihiakmtk scm biokrsk hiùe mc bioãrskde i des hkaés. Iscacsae, biy quk pehkr iyuhir i dis giacdcis hk des piockmtks piri quk pukhim kmtkmhkr kd sc`mcgcoihe hkd kmgihe y di meraidchih hk kstes oeapertiackmtes. ZK_^[K_XI_ KAEOCEMIDK_ GZKMXK DI KMGKZAKHIH
Hkpkmhkmoci
Gdkxcjcdchih
Cmhkpkmhkmoci Kspkrimzi
Zc`chkz Oudpi
Hkskspkrimzi
Cri
9.7 Wideriocÿm y ipdcoiocÿm km des ouchihes hk kmgkrakrái kmgkrakrái I. Zkspuksti hk di pkrsemi imtk di kmgkrakhih i. ^rcakres sámteais imtk di kmgkrakhih _k pkrocjkm oiajces y km gumocÿm hk su kviduiocÿm (mcvkd hk `rivkhih) sk rkioocemi< - Mk`imhe tehe sámteai. - Idkrti i di kspkri hk di kveduocÿm. - Iokptémhede.
j. Iokptiocÿm hkd red Isuak quk sk kmoukmtri aid y de oeaumcoi i pkrsemis sc`mcgcoitcvis, su müodke hk ipeye. Jusoi iyuhi iscstkmocid.
o. Dk`ctcacziocÿm hkd red Id skr itkmhche sk oemschkri rkidakmtk kmgkrae. _c me sk oemgcrai umi kmgkrakhih, pkre sc`uk kmoemtrémhesk aid, oeackmzi um rkoerrche hk oemsudti km oemsudti km jusoi hk iyuhi.
h. Oemtiote oem kd kqucpe hk siduh Hkpkmhkmoci km aiyer e akmer `rihe6 pukhk skr mkoksirce cm`rksir km um bespctid e sk`ucr um tritiackmte km oisi.
k. Zkseduocÿm Zkseduocÿ m hk prejdkai - Zkbijcdctiocÿm y rkseduocÿm< iutemeaái.
khctercid } okp
- Zkbijcdctiocÿm y ihiptiocÿm i di cmoipiochih< oremcochih. - Aukrtk.
J. Di kmgkrakh kmgkrakhih, ih, gkmÿakme rk`rkscve ^er di iakmizi quk supemk, di rk`rkscÿm ks kd akoimcsae hk hkgkmsi aés bijctuid6 rkprkskmti um rk`rkse i oemhuotis imtkrcerks km kd hksirredde kvedutcve quk km su aeakmte gukrem kgcoioks. _k hi i ouidquckr khih y sk oiriotkrczi per< - [mi vcscÿm rkhuochi hkd aumhe (icsdiackmte k cmaevcdchih). - [mi iotctuh k`eoãmtrcoi< kxc`kmocis, crrctijcdchih, me-oedijeriocÿm,... _k tedkri jckm km piockmtks auy `rivks, pkre peoe ouimhe kd kstihe gáscoe me ks hk `rivkhih. I akhchi quk sk rkoupkri di siduh y di cmhkpkmhkmoci sk ijimhemi di rk`rkscÿm y sk iheptim oeapertiackmtes aés aihures y ihiptitcves.
O. Capiote km di giacdci i. Gioterks quk idtkrim hcméacoi giacdcir - Xcpe, `rivkhih y tckape hk huriocÿm. - Kxcstkmoci e me hk heder. - @rihe hk hkpkmhkmoci quk supemk. - Oeae igkoti i di vchi y hcméacoi giacdcir. - Kxpkrckmocis prkvcis hk di giacdci oem oem rkspkote rkspkote i sctuiocemks sctuiocemks pirkochis. - Khih y kstihe hk siduh hk quckm isuak di rkspemsijcdchih hk ouchir id kmgkrae. - Orkkmocis sejrk di rkspemsijcdchih rkspemsijcdchih quk di giacdci tckmk km km kstis kstis ocroumstimocis. ocroumstimocis.
j. Bijcdchihks y oipiochihks Di giacdci quk tckmk um ackajre kmgkrae rkquckrk umi skrck hk bijcdchihks y oipiochihks< - Oipiochih y aetcviocÿm hk iprkmhkr sejrk sejrk di kmgkrakhih, oiusis, tritiackmtes, tritiackmtes, ouchihes y oeae iyuhir i di pkrsemi kmgkrai. - Bijcdchih piri sitcsgiokr sitcsgiokr dis mkokschihks mkokschihks gáscois, kaeocemidks, kspcrctuidks, kspcrctuidks, hk eoce... hk di pkrsemi y hkd `rupe giacdcir, iotuimhe hk gerai gdkxcjdk km des redks giacdcirks. - Bijcdchihks piri di iuteiyuhi y piri pkhcr y iokptir iyuhi hk des hkaés ouimhe ksti ks mkoksirci, usimhe tehes des hcspesctcves y rkourses hcspemcjdks. Ks caprksocmhcjdk kd imédcscs hkd kmterme giacdcir y sus rkpkrouscemks yi quk di rkoupkriocÿm y kd jckmkstir hk di pkrsemi p krsemi kmgkrai vim i hkpkmhkr hkd ipeye ip eye quk sk tkm`i km kstis ocroumstimocis.
khctercid } okp
H. Iotctuhks piri giverkokr di ihiptiocÿm km kd bespctid Km des üdtcaes iùes, di oemokptuidcziocÿm hkd ouchihe simctirce bi che biockmhe aés ãmgiscs km des ispkotes buaimcstis hkd ouchihe, pdimtkémhede oeae umi rkdiocÿm kmtrk um skr buaime y etre. Dkles hk oemstctucrsk km umi ipdcoiocÿm hk tãomcois y preokhcackmtes, ouchir ks umi kxpkrckmoci autui kmtrk kd pregkscemid y kd piockmtk. _k kstijdkok umi hcgkrkmociocÿm odiri kmtrk ourir y ouchir. Ourir ks cmtkrvkmcr km di kmgkrakhih, ouchir ks oemschkrir iqukdde quk ks mkoksirce piri kd orkocackmte y hksirredde hk ioukrhe i dis iotctuhks hk vchi hk umi pkrsemi, `rupe e oeaumchih. Xiajcãm hkd éajcte hk di kmgkrakrái pukhkm teairsk dis sc`uckmtks iotctuhks y oeapertiackmtes quk, ddkvihes pre`rkscviakmtk i di préotcoi, pisirém i gerair pirtk hk mukstres béjctes pregkscemidks, piri aklerir mukstri rkdiocÿm oem kd piockmtk y giocdctir su ihiptiocÿm km kd akhce bespctidirce<
i. Zkoemeokr y ddiair i des piockmtk piockmtkss per su meajrk Di oemvkrscÿm hkd piockmtk km um ejlkte, su oehcgcoiocÿm, pckrhk sus ris`es pkrsemidks k cmhcvchuidks, sk prksocmhk hk sus skmtcackmtes y viderks, y sk dk chkmtcgcoi oem sus ris`es kxtkrmes< kd quk pihkok umi hktkracmihi pitede`ái, kd quk rkocjk um hktkracmihe tritiackmte, kd quk eoupi umi hktkracmihi oiai e bijctiocÿm. Di prepci kspkocidcziocÿm hk di préotcoi simctirci tckmhk i oemvkrtcr id kmgkrae km di pitede`ái quk pihkok, edvchimhe e rkdk`imhe i sk`umhe pdime sus hcakmscemks pkrsemidks, sckaprk hcstcmtis y kspkoágcois km oihi piockmtk.
j. Kxprksir tkrmuri bioci des piockmtks Di iuskmoci hk oider, igkote y kapitái km di rkdiocÿm buaimi. Oem grkoukmoci sk ir`uyk quk des pregkscemidks quk tritim i des piockmtks mkoksctim ksti hcstimoci igkotcvi, yi quk me pukhkm capdcoirsk kaeocemidakmtk imtk tehe kmgkrae. _cm kajir`e, kxpkrcakmtim ksti gidti hk skmtcackmtes vcscjdks oeae umi grái cmhcgkrkmoci, oeae umi prkeoupiocÿm hcstimtk, y oeae umi mk`iocÿm hk buaimchih.
o. Zkspkte i di dcjkrtih hkd piockmtk Ks kd rkoemeocackmte hk quk kd kmgkrae ks umi pkrsemi iutÿmeai quk tckmk um oemtred sc`mcgcoitcve sejrk su hkstcme, hkmtre hk des dáactks capukstes per su sctuiocÿm gáscoi y oudturid, oem hkrkobe i teair timtis hkocscemks per sá acsaes oeae sk de pkracti su oipiochih.
h. Giocdctir dis rkdiocemks kmtrk kd piockmtk y kd pkrsemid simctirce Km kd bespctid, sk tckmhk i riocemidczir y rutcmczir di iscstkmoci, `kmkrimhe aemtemks hk pipkdks k cmgeraks km terme i oihi piockmtk, kmtrk des quk sk hcduykm y qukhim esourkoches des ris`es pkrsemidks hkd kmgkrae. Etri oemskoukmoci hk di bespctidcziocÿm ks kd `rim müakre hk pregkscemidks quk hcirciakmtk oemtiotim hk id`üm aehe oem kd kmgkrae. Mcm`umi hk dis pkrsemis hk ksk pkqukùe —jitiddÿm simctirce‑ sk sckmtk capdcoihi y ddiaihi i kmtijdir umi rkdiocÿm pkrsemid oem kd piockmtk.
K. Ipdcoiocÿm hk des ouchihes hk kmgkrakrái Des ispkotes hksorctes imtkrcerakmtk hkjkm tkmkrsk km oukmti i di beri hk ipdcoir kd preokse hk itkmocÿm hk kmgkrakrái.
khctercid } okp
i. Wideriocÿ ideriocÿm m hkd kstihe kaeocemid hkd piockmtk - Widerir di pkrokpocÿm hk di pkrsemi pkrsemi sejrk sá acsai, rkspkote i di sctuiocÿm sctuiocÿm y km rkdiocÿm oem su kstihe km umi sctuiocÿm hktkracmihi. - Widerir des rkourses hk igremtiackmte hk des des quk hcspemk< hcspemk< - Zkourses hk siduh y kmkr`ái. Kd jckmkstir gáscoe gáscoe hkskapkùi hkskapkùi um pipkd capertimtk. Widerir Widerir hk quã kmkr`ái hcspemk imtks hk oeakmzir i igremtir umi sctuiocÿm y bisti hÿmhk orkk quk pehré aimtkmkrdi. - Bijcdchihks seocidks y hk rkseduocÿm hk prejdkais. - _epertks seocidks. Cmoducr i etris pkrsemis iuakmti iuakmti di prejijcdchih hk ipeye y oeepkriocÿm, y dk preperocemi id cmhcvchue aiyer oemtred seocid. - Zkourses koemÿacoes. Km `kmkrid, umes ihkouihes sepertks seocekoemÿacoes pkractkm igremtir oem aiyer giocdchih ouidquckr sctuiocÿm hk kstrãs. - Zkourses pkrsemidks. [mi chkmtchih hkd ye gukrtk, um scstkai kstijdk hk viderks y orkkmocis, dis orkkmocis pesctcvis hk ume acsae biokm pescjdk aimtkmkr um ksgukrze hk igremtiackmte. - Kxpkrckmocis cmhcvchuidks. Dis kxpkrckmocis hk kmgkrakhih y sus oemtiotes oemtiotes oem kd scstkai simctirce cmgducrém hk gerai hkocscvi km di rkspuksti imtk guturis sctuiocemks hk kmgkrakhih. - Widerir sc kd kd piockmtk sk sckmtk oipioctihe piri supkrir supkrir kd prejdkai. prejdkai. - Widerir des sc`mes gáscoes y kaeocemidks hkd kstrãs.
j. Ejlktcves hk des ouchihes hk kmgkrakrái Des ejlktcves skrém vircijdks km oihi sctuiocÿm. Km `kmkrid y i aehe hk erckmtiocÿm di kmgkrakri hkjkré< - Iyuhir km kd preokse hk ihiptiocÿm ihiptiocÿm preaevckmhe preaevckmhe kd kd iuteouchihe y di cmhkpkmhkmoci. - ^reperocemir cmgeraiocÿm piri di jüsqukhi jüsqukhi y utcdcziocÿm hk rkourses.
o. Hci`mÿstcoes Hc i`mÿstcoes hk kmgkrakrái. Kmgkrakhih-Bes Kmgkrakhih-Bespctidcz pctidcziocÿm iocÿm HCI@Mß_XCOE_ HK KMGKZAKZÁI
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Hãgcoct hk iotcvchihks rkorkitcvis Igremtiackmte giacdcir cmkgkotcve< oeapreaktche Igremtiackmte cmhcvchuid cmkgkotcve Imsckhih Hukde hcsgumocemid Idtkriocÿm hk des pitremks hk skxuidchih Icsdiackmte seocid Aimkle cmkgkotcve hkd rã`cakm tkripãutcoe pkrsemi
khctercid } okp
_krém geraudihes pirtckmhe hk dis oiriotkrástcois hk oihi pkrsemi, prejdkai e sctuiocÿm. Hk aimkri `kmkrid rkoe`kaes< - Hãgcoct hk iotcvchihks rkorkitcvis. - Igremtiackmte giacdcir cmkgkotcve< oeapreaktche. - Igremtiackmte cmhcvchuid cmkgkotcve. - Imsckhih. - Hukde hcsgumocemid. - Idtkriocÿm hk des pitremks hk skxuidchih. - Icsdiackmte seocid. - Aimkle cmkgkotcve hkd rã`cakm tkripãutcoe pkrsemid.
h. Cmtkrvkmocemks Cmtkrvkmo cemks hk kmgkrakrái CMXKZWKMOCEM HK KMGKZAKZÁI
Chkmtcgcoiocÿm hk des kstrkserks Kdcacmir e rkhuocr des kstrkserks Hksirredde hk akoimcsaes kgkotcves Hkspuãs hk di videriocÿm hk dis mkokschihks hkd piockmtk y di hkgcmcocÿm hk prejdkais hktkotihes, kxcstkm umi skrck hk cmtkrvkmocemks hk kmgkrakrái quk, hk aehe `kmkrid, skráim<
• Chkmtcgcoiocÿm hk des kstrkserks Ãstes pukhkm erc`cmirsk kxtkrmiakmtk (aidis oemhcocemks koemÿacois, oÿmyu`k idoebÿdcoe, kto.) e cmtkrmiakmtk (iuteorátcoi, aides béjctes idcakmtirces). Di kmgkrakri hkjk iyuhir id piockmtk i rkgdkxcemir sejrk oÿae rkioocemi imtk etre tcpe hk sctuiocemks, yi quk kste mes suacmcstriré cmgeraiocÿm sejrk kd pescjdk igremtiackmte quk kstk piockmtk vi i rkidczir, i di vkz quk dk iyuhiré i ãd, puks tkmhré um tckape hk rkgdkxcÿm. [mi vkz quk ks oemsockmtk hk dis rkioocemks, oem auobi grkoukmoci pukhk deoidczirsk kd kstáaude.
• Kdcacmir e rkhuocr des kstrkserks Id oemeokr des kstrkserks i des quk kd piockmtk ksté seaktche, pukhk tkmkr di pescjcdchih hk ipirtirsk hk kddes e pehkrdes rkhuocr. Zktcrir kstrkserks pukhk skr peoe préotcoe y i su vkz capdcoi prcvir i di pkrsemi hkd rkte y di epertumchih hkd orkocackmte pkrsemid. Me ks pescjdk mc ioemsklijdk hklir di vchi oeapdktiakmtk vioái hk kstrkserks kstrkserks..
• Hksirredde hk akoimcsaes kgkotcv kgkotcves es Ks mkoksirce piri quk ume ski oipiz hk mkutridczir dis prepcis rkspukstis ouimhe sk prehuok di tkmscÿm e piri utcdczir umi rkspuksti ihiptitcvi.
khctercid } okp
Ipkdir i di —riocemidchih‑ hkd piockmtk, quk sk hã oukmti hk quk kste ks giverijdk piri ãd ks etre hk des rkourses pkrgkotiakmtk dáoctes y kgcoioks piri cmcocir e hkochcr cmcocir um oiajce. ^kre kd aimtkmkrde me ks oukstcÿm hk —riocemidchih‑ scme hk um iprkmhczilk, y kste capdcoi akhchis giotuidks (km oemtripescocÿm i vkrjidks) hk aehcgcoiocÿm hk di oemhuoti. ^iri quk kstes oiajces sk aimtkm`im y sk oemsedchkm, y ddk`ukm i oemstctucr mukves kstcdes hk vchi hkd piockmtk bi hk trimsourrcr tckape, y kste kxc`k tehi sukrtk hk preokhcackmtes hcgkrkmtks y, sejrk tehe, oemtcmuihes y aimtkmches.
:. M[XZCO M[XZCOCßM CßM I^DCOIHI S HCKXEXK HCKXEXKZI^CI ZI^CI :.9 Mutrcocÿm ipdcoihi I. Cmtrehu Cmtrehuoocÿm oocÿm Di idcakmtiocÿm, des idcakmtes, di hckti, di mutrcocÿm tckmkm um capertimtk pipkd km kd aimtkmcackmte hk di siduh y km di prkvkmocÿm hk auobis kmgkrakhihks, cmoduse imtks hkd miocackmte, iumquk auobis vkoks me skiaes oemsockmtks hk kdde. Oihi hái, vircis vkoks id hái, skdkoocemiaes y oemsuacaes idcakmtes quk oemhcocemim mukstre kstihe hk siduh, piri jckm y, km eoiscemks, tiajcãm piri aid. Dis hkgcockmocis hk bckrre, yehe e vctiacmi I tehivái igkotim i umi `rim pirtk hk di pejdiocÿm, kspkocidakmtk km piásks kakr`kmtks. Km des piásks hksirreddihes, dis aés prkvidkmtks sem, scm kajir`e, dis hkmeacmihis kmgkrakhihks hk di ijumhimoci e kmgkrakhihks orÿmcoe„hk`kmkritcvis (KOH) (ejkschih, hcijktks, kmgkrakhih oirhcevisoudir (KOW), bcpkrtkmscÿm
irtkrcid (BXI), estkeperescs, id`umes tcpes hk oémokr, kto.), km dis quk di hckti y sus oeapemkmtks, mutrckmtks y me mutrckmtks, pukhkm kstir capdcoihes, oeae gioterks hk pretkoocÿm e hk rcks`e.
khctercid } okp
Bey sk sijk quk iprexcaihiakmtk kmtrk um tkroce y di actih hk des gioterks rkdiocemihes oem kstis kmgkrakhihks sem gioterks hcktãtcoes. ^ehrái pkmsirsk quk kste ks id`e peoe kspkrimziher puks biy quk oeakr tehes des háis6 scm kajir`e, kstk ispkote mk`itcve tckmk di oemtripirtchi hk quk, i hcgkrkmoci hk etres gioterks oeae des `kmãtcoes, per klkapde, tkmkaes di pescjcdchih hk prkvkmcr e, aés kxiotiakmtk, rktrisir di ipircocÿm hk kmgkrakhih aehcgcoimhe d is oiriotkrástcois hk mukstri hckti. ^irtcaes hk di jisk, per timte, hk quk umi `rim preperocÿm hk dis kmgkrakhihks quk km di iotuidchih pukhkm prkvkmcrsk kstém rkdiocemihis oem mukstres béjctes idcakmtirces. Km kstk skmtche, bey biy um tetid oemskmse km di oeaumchih ockmtágcoi sejrk kd bkobe hk quk di kdkoocÿm aés capertimtk quk di pejdiocÿm pukhk biokr piri cmgducr i akhce y i dir`e pdize km su siduh (ipirtk hk hklir hk guair, iuakmtir di iotcvchih gáscoi y kvctir des ioochkmtks hk trégcoe) ks di aehcgcoiocÿm hk di hckti.
J. Oemokptes< Mutrcocÿm Mutrcocÿm,, Idcakmti Idcakmtiocÿm ocÿm y Hckti Di Mutrcocÿm pukhk hkgcmcrsk (@rimhk Oevcém, 9328) oeae kd oemlumte hk preokses akhcimtk des ouidks kd beajrk cm`ckrk, ijserjk, trimsgerai y utcdczi dis sustimocis quk sk kmoukmtrim km des idcakmtes y quk tckmkm quk ouapdcr ouitre capertimtks ejlktcves< - _uacmcstrir kmkr`ái piri kd kd aimtkmcackmte hk sus sus gumocemks gumocemks y iotcvchihks, - Ipertir aitkrcidks piri di geraiocÿm, geraiocÿm, orkocackmte y rkpiriocÿm hk dis kstruoturis kstruoturis oerperidks oerperidks y piri di rkprehuoocÿm, - _uacmcstrir dis sustimocis sustimocis mkoksircis piri rk`udir rk`udir des preokses aktijÿdcoes, y - Zkhuocr kd rcks`e hk id`umis kmgkrakhihks. Di Idcakmtiocÿm ks, tiajcãm km pidijris hkd pregkser @rimhk Oevcém (9328), —kd preokse akhcimtk kd ouid teaiaes hkd aumhe kxtkrcer umi skrck hk sustimocis quk, oemtkmchis km des idcakmtes quk geraim pirtk hk mukstri hckti, sem mkoksircis piri di mutrcocÿm‑. Kd idcakmte ks, per timte, tehe iqukd prehuote e sustimoci quk umi vkz oemsuache iperti aitkrcidks iscacdijdks quk ouapdkm umi gumocÿm mutrctcvi km kd er`imcsae. Etre tãracme quk sk kapdki bijctuidakmtk ks kd hk hckti, quk sk hkgcmk oeae kd oemlumte y oimtchihks hk des idcakmtes e akzodis hk idcakmtes quk sk oemsuakm bijctuidakmtk, iumquk tiajcãm pukhk biokr rkgkrkmoci id rã`cakm quk, km hktkracmihis ocroumstimocis, rkidczim pkrsemis simis, kmgkrais e oemvidkockmtks km kd oeakr y jkjkr. _edkaes hkocr< —kstir i hckti‑ oeae scmÿmcae hk umi prcviocÿm pirocid e oisc tetid hk oeakr. Di Hcktãtcoi kstuhci di gerai hk preperocemir i oihi pkrsemi e `rupe hk pkrsemis des idcakmtes mkoksirces piri su ihkouihe hksirredde, sk`üm su kstihe gcscedÿ`coe y sus ocroumstimocis. Ks hkocr, cmtkrprkti y ipdcoi des prcmocpces y oemeocackmtes ockmtágcoes hk di Mutrcocÿm kdijerimhe umi hckti ihkouihi piri kd beajrk sime y kmgkrae. Oeae hcktis ihkouihis, kqucdcjrihis e siduhijdks „iqukddis quk oemtckmkm di kmkr`ái y tehes des mutrckmtks km oimtchih y oidchih sugcockmtks piri aimtkmkr di siduh„ biy auobis, di kdkoocÿm hk di
aés oerrkoti sk`üm tehes des oemhcocemimtks hkd cmhcvchue sk oemvckrtk km um irtk. ^er kse bijdiaes hk di Ockmoci hk di Mutrcocÿm y hkd Irtk hk di Hcktãtcoi, km di quk tiajcãm cmtkrvckmk di @istremeaái e kd irtk hk prkpirir oem des idcakmtes kdk`ches umi jukmi oeachi< kqucdcjrihi, ipktkocjdk y oem jukmi hc`kstcjcdchih. Des oeapemkmtks hk des idcakmtes quk ddkvim i oije dis capertimtks gumocemks imtks hksorctis sk oemeokm oem kd meajrk hk mutrckmtks. Isá, um mutrckmtk ks tehi sustimoci, hk kstruoturi quáacoi oemeochi, kskmocid piri kd aimtkmcackmte hk di siduh quk, scm kajir`e, i hcgkrkmoci hk etris, me
khctercid } okp
pukhk gerairsk e scmtktczirsk hkmtre hk mukstre er`imcsae, per de quk hkjk skr ipertihi hkshk kd kxtkrcer, i trivãs hk des idcakmtes y hk di hckti. Ihkaés, sc me sk oemsuak km oimtchih y oidchih sugcockmtk, pukhk hir du`ir i hksmutrcocemks (Jkrc„jkrc, pkdi`ri, ksoerjute, kto.) quk
sÿde ourirém ouimhe sk oemsuai hk mukve kd mutrckmtk capdcoihe. _ur`k kd oemokpte hk kskmocidchih. Di prcmocpid kvchkmoci hk quk um mutrckmtk ks kskmocid ks prkocsiakmtk su oipiochih hk ourir umi hktkracmihi kmgkrakhih.
O. Mutrcocÿm Ipdcoihi Hkshk biok id`umes iùes, dis Miocemks [mchis, di GIE, di EA_ y kd [MCOKG sk bim vkmche prkeoupimhe sejrk di `rivkhih quk rkprkskmtim des prejdkais hk di aidi mutrcocÿm pretkáme-oidÿrcoi. Km kd iùe hk 93;>, kstes er`imcsaes tritirem hk iyuhir i des `ejckrmes ackajres, piri aklerir kd kstihe mutrcocemid hk sus pejdiocemks oem hes tcpes hk pre`riais<
khctercid } okp
- Orkiocÿm y gertidkocackmte hk des skrvcoces hk mutrcocÿm miocemid - Iyuhimhe oem idcakmtes i `rupes hk pejdiocÿm pejrk. Km kd iùe hk 93;0, kd [MCOKG hkochcÿ kxtkmhkr des pre`riais hk iyuhi gcmimockri y aitkrcid i iotcvchihks hk mutrcocÿm hk `rim idoimok y des ouidks oeaprkmhkráim kmoukstis sejrk kd kstihe hk mutrcocÿm, geraiocÿm hkd pkrsemid, kmskùimzi hk mutrcocÿm i giacdcis, orkiocÿm hk bukrtis ksoedirks y oeaumidks, geakmte hk di i`rcoudturi y kd geakmte hkd oemsuae hk idcakmtes oeapdkakmtirces kmrcqukoches oem bckrre, yehe y vctiacmis. I kstes pre`riais sk dks hce id prcmocpce kd meajrk hk —^re`riais Iapdcihes hk Mutrcocÿm‑, y bey sk dks ddiai skmocddiakmtk —^re`riais hk Mutrcocÿm Ipdcoihi‑, de ouid pukhk hkgcmcrsk —oeae um tcpe iapdce hk iotcvchihks khuoiocemidks oeerhcmihis kmtrk Ihacmcstriocemks ^üjdcois oeae pukhkm skr des Acmcstkrces hk I`rcoudturi, _imchih, Khuoiocÿm y etris cmstctuocemks cmtkrksihis km kstk tcpe hk prejdkais y hkstcmihes i aklerir di prehuoocÿm, kd oemsuae y di hcstrcjuocÿm hk des idcakmtes piri giverkokr i dis pkqukùis oedkotcvchihks y km kspkocid i dis pihrks y i des mcùes hk dis zemis ruridks‑. ^estkrcerakmtkk hkjkaes pdimcgcoir umi skrck hk rkqucsctes< ^estkrcerakmt i) Kxcstkmoci hk prejdkais mutrcocemidks mutrcocemidks y idcakmtirces j) Zkourses aámcaes km des skrvcoces hk _iduh, I`rcoudturi, Khuoiocÿm, Khuoiocÿm, kto. o) Oidchih hk des rkourses mituridks, mituridks, sukde, i`ui, odcai, kto. kto. h) Giocdchihks hk iookscjcdchih i hcobi érki k) Iotctuh rkokptcvi hk di oeaumchih g) Oemokmtriocÿm hk di pejdiocÿm.
:.: Hcktetkripci I. Cmtrehu Cmtrehuoocÿm oocÿm Km sus erá`kmks `rck`es, jile kd tãracme hcktãtcoi sk i`rupijim tehis dis iotcvchihks gáscois y akmtidks quk preperocemijim i di pkrsemi kd aés idte `rihe hk jckmkstir. Kri, per de timte, umi gcdesegái hk vchi kmoiacmihi id hksoujrcackmte hkd oemeocackmte pdkme y vkrhihkre. Oem kd tckape, gukrem hksipirkockmhe sus oemmetiocemks pscoedÿ`cois y kspcrctuidks, dcactémhesk, ümcoiakmtk, id ispkote oerperid. Di hcktãtcoi ks di hcsocpdcmi quk rkdiocemi des idcakmtes oem dis mkokschihks mutrcocemidks. Di hcktetkripci, per su pirtk, utcdczi ksti rkdiocÿm piri tritir dis mkokschihks km oise hk kmgkrakhih e tristerme rkdiocemihe oem di idcakmtiocÿm. Ks di pirtk hk di hcktãtcoi hkhcoihi id kstuhce y di kdijeriocÿm hk piutis hk idcakmtiocÿm rkdiocemihis oem dis hcgkrkmtks kmgkrakhihks. Ks bijctuid quk umi pkrsemi kmgkrai hkji aehcgcoir su scstkai hk idcakmtiocÿm km aiyer e akmer ouimtái. Ksti aehcgcoiocÿm kxc`cré jukmi hcspescocÿm y iokptiocÿm per pirtk hkd piockmtk yi quk sk triti hk triti hk um jcmeace cmhcsedujdk< kmgkrae y iotuiocÿm hcktãtcoi. ^iri iuakmtir dis pescjcdchihks hk ãxcte, skré mkoksirci umi cmtkmsi oedijeriocÿm kmtrk kd aãhcoe, kd hcktcsti, kd pkrsemid hk kmgkrakrái y kd prepce kmgkrae. Kd aãhcoe sk kmoir`iré hk hktkotir des piréaktres odámcoes susokptcjdks hk skr tritihes akhcimtk di prksorcpocÿm hk um hktkracmihe rã`cakm hcktãtcoe. Kd hcktcsti, km gumocÿm hk dis prkacsis suacmcstrihis per kd aãhcoe, oemgkoocemiré di piuti idcakmtcoci quk hkjkré sk`ucr kd kmgkrae. Kd kmgkrakre iyuhiré id piockmtk piri quk sc`im di hckti y iscacdkm des oemeocackmtes mkoksirces. Kd
khctercid } okp
kmgkrae, per su pirtk, hkjk skr oemsockmtks hkd cmcoce hk um mukve tritiackmte hcktãtcoe y per timte di iokptiocÿm hkd acsae, sckaprk quk sus oemhcocemks pkrsemidks sk de pkractim _k`üm kd gcm quk pkrsc`iaes oem dis hcktis hc ktis tkripãutcois, kmoemtriaes dis sc`uckmtks epocemks< - Hcktis kskmocidks kskmocidks e ouritcvis. _c jusoiaes kd kd erc`km hkd prejdkai pehkaes kmoemtrirmes kmoemtrirmes oem umi idtkriocÿm km di kdcacmiocÿm hk id`ume hk des oeapemkmtks bijctuidks km di idcakmtiocÿm per su cmtkroemkxcÿm oem kd preokse pitedÿ`coe. _em, per klkapde, des kmgkraes oem um cmorkakmte hkd éoche ürcoe e `eti per hkgkote km di kdcacmiocÿm hkd octihe prehuote. Di hckti vi kmoiacmihi i umi akmer cm`ksti hkd éoche ürcoe y isá umi akmer kdcacmiocÿm. Etre klkapde ks di hckti piri di kmgkrakhih okdáioi, km di quk kd igkotihe me tedkri kd `dutkm6 dis hk di cmtedkrimoci i di diotesi y etres hcsioérches, km dis qu k hkjkm kvctirsk hcobis sustimocis km di idcakmtiocÿm6 di hk di hcijktks akddctus tcpe CC, km di quk sk rkidczi umi rkhcstrcjuocÿm hk des mutrckmtks, kto. - Hcktis pidcitcvis. pidcitcvis. Di hckti hckti me ks kd tritiackmte tritiackmte hkgcmctcve yi quk me rihcoi di kmgkrakhih, kmgkrakhih, sede sede oemtrcjuyk, lumte oem etres akhces, i di aklerái hk di kmgkrakhih. Isá, km di hcijktks akddctus tcpe tcpe C di hckti sk iseoci iseoci i di ihacmcstriocÿm ihacmcstriocÿm hk cmsudcmi piri oemsk`ucr quk kd kmgkrae aimtkm`i umes mcvkdks ÿptcaes hk `duokaci sim`uámki6 km di üdokri pãptcoi i imtcéoches y imtcbcstiaámcoes6 km dis qukaihuris i imtcjcÿtcoes, trimsguscemks sim`uámkis y ocru`ái6 km di bcpkrtkmscÿm i hcurãtcoes h curãtcoes y visehcditiherks, kto. - Hcktis pregcdéotcois e prkvkmtcvis. prkvkmtcvis. _k kmoir`im hk rkhuocr dis pescjcdchihks hk aimcgkstiocÿm aimcgkstiocÿm hk umi kmgkrakhih. Ks kd oise hk dis hcktis hk rkstrcoocÿm hkd sehce piri kvctir di bcpkrtkmscÿm6 dis jilis km oedkstkred piri prkvkmcr kd hkpÿscte hk `risi km dis irtkrcis hkmeacmihe irtkrcesodkrescs6 - Hcktis giocdctiheris. Biy hktkracmihe piockmtks piockmtks quk prkskmtim umi cmoipiochih piri di meraid hk`duocÿm y me prkocsim virciocemks km ouimte i di oeapescocÿm mutrcocemid meraid. _u acscÿm ks di hk pkractcr di idcakmtiocÿm ouimhe sem cmoipioks hk ddkvir i oije des preokses aistcoiterces mc hk`duterces bijctuidks. Des oiajces igkotim i di oemscstkmoci y prkskmtiocÿm hk des idcakmtes, puhckmhe ihacmcstrirsk ãstes km kstihe dáquche, skacdáquche, jdimhe, trcturihe, kto. - Hcktis oem gcmks kxpderiterces kxpderiterces y hci`mÿstcoes. Kd ejlktcve me ks kspkocgcoe kspkocgcoe tkripãutcoe, tkripãutcoe, pkre su kapdke km di préotcoi hk hktkracmihis prukjis hci`mÿstcois ks kskmocid piri kd hksoujrcackmte hk pescjdks imeaidáis y di chkmtcgcoiocÿm hk muakresis kmgkrakhihks. Hk kddes hkstioir des oemtristks jirctihes km di pitede`ái hc`kstcvi, di hktkoocÿm hk sim`rk eoudti km dis bkoks… - Hcktis irtcgcocidks irtcgcocidks e hk prkpiriocÿm. prkpiriocÿm. Kstk tcpe hk hcktis ks kspkoágcoi piri di idcakmtiocÿm per vái pirkmtkrid y su kdijeriocÿm ks kxoduscvi hk dis umchihks hk hcktãtcoi hk des bespctidks. Km kddis sk oidoudim dis mkokschihks oidÿrcois hk hktkracmihes kmgkraes y sk kdijeri um prkpirihe kspkocid piri di idcakmtiocÿm kmtkrid / pirkmtkrid.
J. Zkqucsctes Zkqucsctes Mutrcocemidks Imtk um piockmtk oem um preokse pitedÿ`coe hktkracmihe y umi mkokschih mutrcocemid kspkocid biy quk ejskrvir umes hktkracmimtks kspkoágcoes imtks hk cmcocir kd tritiackmte hcktãtcoe piri me preveoir um aiyer pkrlucoce sejrk kd piockmtk. ^iri kdde ks mkoksirce< - Kd piockmtk bi hkjche skr skr viderihe per kspkocidcsti, kspkocidcsti, me edvchkaes quk kstiaes imtk um piockmtk oem um preokse pitedÿ`coe hktkracmihe y me oem cmhcvchues simes oeae etres tcpes
khctercid } okp
hk hcktis ihiptihis. Kd aãhcoe tris kd kstuhce hk di bcstercid hkd piockmtk, y hk des rksudtihes hk di kxpderiocÿm gáscoi y dis prukjis hci`mÿstcois, hktkracmiré di rkoeakmhiocÿm hk um tcpe hk hckti kspkoágcoi isá oeae di grkoukmoci y oimtchih hk dis teais. - Kstã pkrgkotiakmtk pkrgkotiakmtk oeaprejihi di chemkchih hkd tritiackmte piri ejtkmkr des kgkotes quk sk pkrsc`ukm km ksk tcpe kspkoágcoe hk kmgkrakhih y hk piockmtk yi quk biokr prukjis oem des piockmtks pukhk skr, ihkaés hk aedkste piri kddes, kxtrkaihiakmtk pkdc`rese. - Kd kmgkrae hkjk tedkrir tedkrir scm prejdkais di mukvi piuti idcakmtirái y ihkaés tkmkr tkmkr prkhcspescocÿm prkhcspescocÿm piri kdde. ^rkvciakmtk hkjkré bijkrsk rkidczihe di bcsterci hcktãtcoi, quk skrvcré piri hksoirtir idkr`cis k cmtedkrimocis idcakmtircis kspkoágcois, y oemeokr dis prkgkrkmocis y béjctes hkd piockmtk. - Km kd oise hk dis hcktis piri prukjis hci`mÿstcois hci`mÿstcois y kxpderitercis, sk sk hkjk cmgerair cmgerair id piockmtk hk di rizÿm hk di prukji y hk oÿae sk vi i hksirreddir. Di acscÿm hk di oerrkoti cmgeraiocÿm y iutercziocÿm hk di tãomcoi ks kxoduscvi hkd pkrsemid simctirce iumquk pehrkaes ijumhir km dis kxpdcoiocemks. _c kd piockmtk yi bi teaihe su hkocscÿm me skré jukme orkir mukves ackhes mc cmsk`urchihks. - Km kd oise hk dis hcktis piri idcakmtiocÿm kmtkrid per semhi e pirkmtkrid sk hkjkré sk`ucr sk gerai kstrcoti y rc`uresi di geraudiocÿm prksorcti yi quk ksté ilustihi dis mkokschihks oidÿrcois hkd piockmtk
O. Xritiackmte Mutrcoc Mutrcocemid emid Id c`uid quk km kd ipirtihe imtkrcer bijdéjiaes hk rkqucsctes prkvces id cmcoce hkd tritiackmte km kstk mes rkgkrcrkaes i rkqucsctes hurimtk kd tritiackmte mutrcocemid. Me ks oemvkmckmtk cmcocir umi piuti hcktãtcoi y edvchirmes hkd piockmtk Ks gumhiakmtid kd ouapdcackmte hk merai s hk oidchih hk di iscstkmoci hkd kmgkrae km ispkotes mutrcocemidks y idcakmtirces piri quk pukhim idoimzirsk des ejlktcves airoihes. ^iri kdde hkjkaes ejskrvir< aimtkmcackmte hkd kstihe mutrcocemid yi quk des piockmtks cm`rksihes, e des tritihes iajuditerciakmtk, hkjkm oemskrvir su kstihe hk mutrcocÿm sckaprk quk ãstk ski jukme. Di hckti sk kmoir`iré hk ipertir tehes des mutrckmtks kskmocidks piri pkractcr id kmgkrae quk kd rkste hk akhchis tkripãutcois sk ipdcqukm sejrk umi jisk sÿdchi. Km eoiscemks, dis rkstrcoocemks hcktãtcois oemhcocemim di ipircocÿm, oem kd tckape, hk umi hkgcockmoci mutrctcvi quk hkjk skr oerrk`chi, km di akhchi hk de pescjdk, akhcimtk des supdkakmtes oerrkspemhckmtks, rkoupkriocÿm hkd kstihe mutrcocemid hk dis pkrsemis ouyis kmgkrakhihks rkpkroutim hcrkoti e cmhcrkotiakmtk km su jckmkstir mutrcocemid mkoksctim umi piuti idcakmtcoci quk pkracti su rkstijdkocackmte. Dis hkgcockmocis km kstk skmtche cmochkm, oeae sk vkré aés ihkdimtk, km di iotcvchih y kd aktijedcsae giraioedÿ`coes, km di oipiochih hk ocoitrcziocÿm hk bkrchis, km di rkstiuriocÿm hk grioturis, kto. Di rkseduocÿm hkd preokse pitedÿ`coe ks sijche quk di hckti pukhk oemtrcjucr per sá sedi, e ipeyihi per etris akhchis tkripãutcois, i di hksipircocÿm hk hcgkrkmtks ouihres pitedÿ`coes. pitedÿ`coes. Km di akhchi km quk oemsc`i oujrcr dis kxpkotitcvis quk hk kddi sk tckmkm, sk oemschkriré aés e akmes iprepcihi. Di ihkouiocÿm i des béjctes y `ustes hkd piockmtk tiajcãm ks sc`me hk oidchih iscstkmocid bijkr viderihe y tkmche km oukmti dis prkgkrkmocis hkd kmgkrae i di beri hk oemgkoocemir di hckti y, km de pescjdk, aimtkmkr di hcstrcjuocÿm hk dis teais i de dir`e hkd hái, sk`üm sus oestuajrks. Di aiscgcoiocÿm hk des akhces bespctidirces hcgcoudti kmerakakmtk ksti tirki id prkpirirsk dis oeachis hk gerai oedkotcvi. Km di iotuidchih, auobes skrvcoces hk oeocmi bespctidirces oemtritim i kaprksis hk quk kdijerim e prkkdijerim des idcakmtes, i vkoks, i auobes fcdÿaktres hk hcstimoci. Xehe kdde, iumquk supemk aiyer oeaehchih y iberre piri dis cmstctuocemks simctircis, cmochk mk`itcviakmtk km di oidchih hk di iscstkmoci y di itkmocÿm id piockmtk.
khctercid } okp
^er üdtcae y auy capertimtk ks kd trite igkotcve rkocjche yi quk kd kmgkrae me pukhi vidkrsk per sá acsae piri su idcakmtiocÿm, skré kd tãomcoe hk ouchihes hk kmgkrakrái kd kmoir`ihe hk ihacmcstrérskdi. _cm kajir`e, su gumocÿm vi auobe aés iddé hkd scapdk bkobe hk hir hk oeakr, yi quk su iotctuh pukhk `kmkrir km kd kmgkrae skmsiocemks pdiokmtkris e hksi`rihijdks. _c kd piockmtk sk kmoukmtri i `uste ks aés quk prejijdk quk iokptk hk jukm `rihe di hckti, per peoe quk ãsti dk ipktkzoi. _c ksté cmoÿaehe pukhk aimcgkstir um `rihe hk rkobize vircijdk, quk oeapdcquk cmoduse su prepci siduh.
H. Hcktetkri Hcktetkripci pci y Hcktis Xkripãutcois Kd trijile hkd hcktcsti hkjk cmcocirsk oem umi acmuocesi bcsterci hcktãtcoi quk pkracti hktkotir des `ustes hkd kmgkrae, su rctae hk idcakmtiocÿm, sus béjctes hk jkjchi, di pescjdk kxcstkmoci hk hãgcoct mutrctcves, kto. ^estkrcerakmtk sk kdijeriré di prepuksti idcakmtirái, cmtkmtimhe quk kd piockmtk di iokptk oem des aámcaes rkpires. ^iri kdde, ks oemvkmckmtk, y mkoksirce kxpdcoir hktkmchiakmtk de quk prktkmhkaes y per quã hkjkré, c`uidakmtk, hir dis cmh coiocemks epertumis id pkrsemid hk oeocmi km ouimte i di prkpiriocÿm hk dis oeachis. Kd sk`ucackmte pestkrcer pkractcré oemeokr di chemkchih hk di idcakmtiocÿm prksorcti y rkidczir dis aehcgcoiocemks quk sk kstcakm epertumis km gumocÿm hkd hksirredde quk sk ejskrvk tris di ihacmcstriocÿm id piockmtk. Km `kmkrid, dis hcktis tkripãutcois idtkrim dis oimtchihks rkoeakmhihis hk ume e aés mutrckmtks, sc jckm, km eoiscemks sÿde ksté aehcgcoihi di tkxturi y di oemscstkmoci hk des idcakmtes ihacmcstrihes, de quk cmhuok um ockrte hkskqucdcjrce. Ksti ocroumstimoci, scm kajir`e, ksté pdkmiakmtk lustcgcoihi sc sk quckrkm sedvkmtir des prejdkais mutrctcve-idcakmtirces `kmkrihes km hcvkrsis kmgkrakhihks. ^uhk usirsk oeae oeapdkakmte hk etre tritiackmte aãhcoe, ks grkoukmtk quk di hckti me jistk piri tritir umi kmgkrakhih, km ouye oise ks mkoksirci di utcdcziocÿm hk akhcoiakmtes, rihciocemks e cmtkrvkmocemks qucrür`cois. ^iri oeajitcr di bcpkrtkmscÿm irtkrcid, di prcakri akhchi quk sk hkjk iheptir ks di rkstrcoocÿm hk di cm`kstcÿm hk sid. _c des rksudtihes de`rihes me sem hkaiscihe jukmes, sk prksorcjcrém géraioes quk pkractim di rkhuoocÿm hk di tkmscÿm irtkrcid yi ski hcrkoti oeae iuakmtimhe di hcurkscs. Id`e pirkoche eourrk oem di hcijktks akddctus, km di quk di hckti tkripãutcoi cmhcoihi hkjk skr oeapdkakmtihi meraidakmtk oem cmsudcmi e imtchcijãtcoes eridks. Des kstihes prkepkriterce prkepkriter ce y pestepkrite pestepkriterce rce tiajcãm rkquckrkm aehcgcoiocemks hcktãtcois quk oeapkmskm des i`rivces eoiscemihes per kd iote qucrür`coe. q ucrür`coe. Etris utcdchihks hk di hcktetkripci sem kd rkaemtir kstihes mutrcocemidks hkgcoctirces hk id`umes piockmtks hkmeti `rivks oirkmocis quk pukhkm oeapdcoir e cmutcdczir etres tritiackmtes ioeapiùimtks e piri oeapkmsir kgkotes skoumhirces preveoihes per etre tcpe hk tritiackmte. per klkapde km dis cmtexcoiocemks per géraioes oeae imti`emcstis hkd acsae Kd aãhcoe ks kd kmoir`ihe hk kstijdkokr di preperocÿm hcktãtcoi, di ouid hkpkmhkré hkd kstihe hkd piockmtk, puhckmhe kstir cmhcoihi hkshk umi idcakmtiocÿm meraid i umi hckti pirkmtkrid. Km gumocÿm hk di kveduocÿm hkd kmgkrae, sk crém oiajcimhe dis piutis hcktãtcois. ^iri giocdctir di tirki hkd hcktcsti, km des bespctidks, ks bijctuid di kxcstkmoci hk aehkdes hk hcktis quk pukhkm ipdcoirsk oisc cmakhcitiakmtk. ^er rk`di `kmkrid, sk suacmcstrim trks oeachis (hksiyume, idaukrze y okmi) i de dir`e d ir`e hkd hái oem umi teai kxtri kmtrk beris. Hkshk quk um piockmtk pukhk oeakmzir i teair idcakmtes per jeoi bisti quk sk idcakmti oem meraidchih, ks mkoksirce quk itrivcksk umi skrck hk gisks quk kstém rkdiocemihis oem di aklerái
khctercid } okp
hk su kstihe hk siduh. Dis piutis hcktãtcois vim vircimhe oemgerak ivimzi kd preokse, per de ouid kstk `rupe hk hcktis sk oemeokm oeae hcktis pre`rkscvis. _em dis sc`uckmtks< - Hckti ijseduti. Iuskmoci Iuskmoci hk cm`kstcÿm per vái erid. ^ukhk kstir cmhcoihi piri di rkidcziocÿm hk hktkracmihis prukjis hci`mÿstcois, oeae prkpiriocÿm i di ocru`ái e km kstihes pestepkriterces. Kd ipertk hk mutrckmtks hkjkré rkidczisk akhcimtk mutrcocÿm kmtkrid per semhi e mutrcocÿm pirkmtkrid. - Hckti dáquchi. _u _u gumocÿm jéscoi jéscoi ks kvctir di hksbchritiocÿm akhcim akhcim kd ipertk ipertk hk dáquches y kdkokdkotrÿdctes. _k ipdcoi sejrk des piockmtks auy hãjcdks, km preokses `istrecmtkstcmid ioeapiùihes hk hcirrki i`uhi cmtkmsi e tris um cmgirte hk aceoirhce. Km ksti hckti sk kapdkim idcakmtes quk kmoukmtrim km kstihe dáquche i tkapkrituri iajckmtk. Kd aés tápcoe ks kd oidhe vk`ktid quk, oemtckmk rkstes oérmcoes, sk ddiai oemseaã. Xiajcãm sk cmoduykm des zuaes hk grutis, dis jkjchis `iskesis, kd oigã y kd tã. Di dkobk me sk cmoerperi, sÿde hkjk kapdkirsk hurimtk pkráehes cmgkrcerks i ?7 beris. _c sk iùihk iùih k ackd, kd kgkote ks aés jkmkgcocese piri oeajitcr `istrekmtkrctcs `istrekmtkrctcs oiusir per jiotkrcis oeae sidaemkddi, sbc`kddi, oedá, kto., hkjche i su kgkote jiotkrcochi. Di hckti dáquchi kspksi cmtk`ri yi idcakmtes hkd `rupe hk des déotkes. Ihkaés hk di prepci dkobk, cmoduykm kd gdim, kd ye`ur, di miti, kd bkdihe, mitcddis, des purãs hk pititis y hk sãaedi, des jitches y des bukves Id skr auy rkhuochi di prkskmoci hk idcakmtes hk hk erc`km imcaid pukhk bijkr ksoiskz hk bckrre y éoche gÿdcoe. _u cmhcoiocÿm aés odiri sem des piockmtks quk me pukhkm aistcoir idcakmtes km kstihe sÿdche y km id`umes piockmtks oem sctuiocemks hk imerkxci.
- Hckti jdimhi sk sk prksorcjk km id`umes pestepkriterces, km piockmtks oem üdokri pãptcoi y etres tristermes `istrecmtkstcmidks. Km dis cmgkoocemks i`uhis y km piockmtks hãjcdks per di hcgcoudtih piri su cm`kstcÿm. _k kapdki um kdkvihe müakre hk idcakmtes hk tkxturi suivk y seaktchi i tãomcois oudcmircis skmocddis. Hkstioim kd pedde tckrme, kd pksoihe, di oirmk pcoihi, dis orkais, des purãs, dis bertidczis oeochis, des qukses y kd rkquksÿm, kd ye`ur, kd gdim y dis jkjchis `iskesis. Km `kmkrid, sk kvctim des idcakmtes oruhes, des okrkidks kmtkres, dis `risis imcaidks, y dis grcturis y `ucses oeapdcoihes. Kstis hcktis kstém pirtcoudirakmtk cmhcoihis piri des tristermes hc`kstcves, hkmeacmihes hcspkpscis, km des quk oemvckmk kvctir di crrctiocÿm `éstrcoi y kd rkgdule `istreksegé`coe. Kstém tetidakmtk oemtri cmhcoihes des oátrcoes, dis dk`uajrks, dis oeachis `risis, kd teaitk, di okjeddi, kd ile y des oemhcakmtes oeae di akmti e di bckrjijukmi. bc krjijukmi. - Hckti meraid, jisid, `kmkrid e kstémhir. Ks umi idcakmtiocÿm quk sk rkidczi km piockmtks oem hktkracmihis pitede`áis y skaklimtk i di quk rkidczim des cmhcvchues gukri hkd akhce bespctidirce. Ksté oemstctuchi per idcakmtes quk sk kmoukmtrim géocdakmtk km k! akhce `ke`régcoe hemhk sk sctüi kd okmtre simctirce y rkoe`k dis prkgkrkmocis idcakmtiráis hk di aiyerái hk di pejdiocÿm. ^ukhkm kstir rkprkskmtihe di préotcoi tetidchih hk des oeapemkmtks hk oihi `rupe idcakmtirce. Hkmtre hk kstk tcpe hk hcktis pehkaes cmtrehuocr dis hcktis oem virciocemks km di oimtchih hk gcjri hcktãtcoi. Kstk oeapukste igkoti i hcgkrkmtks ispkotes hkd trémscte cmtkstcmid. id me pehkr hc`krcrsk ipkmis mc skr ijserjche. Dis hcktis oem rkhuoocÿm hk gcjri prehuokm umi hcsacmuocÿm hkd veduakm hk dis bkoks, grkmi di aetcdchih pkrcstédtcoi y hkskmoihkmi um aiyer tckape hk pkraimkmoci hk des idcakmtes km kd cmtkstcme. _krém hk cmtkrãs cmtkrãs km kmgkrakhihks kmgkrakhihks cmgdiaitercis hk cmtkstcme cmtkstcme `rukse, `rukse, hcvkrtcoudctcs y pitede`ái pitede`ái quk `kmkrkm kstkmescs cmtkstcmidks piri giocdctir kd pise hk des hksbkobes. Dis hcktis rcois km gcjri cmorkakmtim kd veduakm y pkse hk dis bkoks de quk, skoumhirciakmtk, kstcaudi dis oemtrioocemks cmtkstcmidks y iokdkri kd trémscte. _u cmhcoiocÿm aés bijctuid sem des piockmtks rem kstrkùcackmte per des prejdkais hk hkgkoocÿm quk prkskmtim.
khctercid } okp
K. Idkr`ci k Cmtedkrimoci Idcakmtirci Kd scstkai hkgkmscve oerperid sk hcstrcjuyk per tehes des ÿr`imes y tklches hk mukstri koemeaái. Xckmk i su oir`e mukstri pretkoocÿm grkmtk i sustimocis e acoreer`imcsaes ouyi preokhkmoci ski krÿ`kmi e kmhÿ`kmi, oipioks hk cmhuocr di ipircocÿm y kd hksirredde hk gkmÿakmes aerjeses. Me kxcstk um ÿr`ime okmtrid quk rk`udk kd gumocemiackmte `kmkrid6 imtks jckm des hcgkrkmtks oeapemkmtks hk scstkai cmaumctirce sk hcskacmim per des tklches, aés e akmes, km c`uidhih hk oemhcocemks y sk cmtkroemkotim `riocis i di kxcstkmoci hk hes `rimhks váis hk oeaumcoiocÿm< kd scstkai dcmgétcoe y di sim`rk. Km kd scstkai hc`kstcve, di pirtk prcmocpid hkd scstkai hkgkmscve sk er`imczi geraimhe umi skrck hk mÿhudes quk sk sctüim i de dir`e hk tehi di pirkh cmtkstcmid y quk sk oemeokm oeae pdiois hk ^kykr. Km kstis rk`cemks ks hemhk sk ddkvi i oije di rkioocÿm cmgdiaiterci eoiscemihi per di kmtrihi km oemtiote hk des imtá`kmes oem dis hkgkmsis. Id`umis sustimocis oemtkmchis km des idcakmtes sem rkspemsijdks hk di ipircocÿm hk hcvkrsis aedkstcis id skr rkoemeochis oeae kxtriùis, ks hkocr, oeapertirsk oerme imtá`kmes y hkskmoihkmir umi rkspuksti hkgkmscvi quk pukhk termirsk oemtriprehuokmtk oemtriprehuokmtk.. Dis idkr`cis sem rkioocemks hk bcpkrskmscjcdchih preveoihis per umi kxi`krihi rkspuksti hkd scstkai cmaumctirce i di prkskmoci hk um hktkracmihe imtá`kme, de quk ioirrki umi aiscvi prehuoocÿm hk cmaume`dejudcmis hk tcpe K. Km kd éajcte `kmkrid pukhk ipirkokr urtcoirci, aimobis relczis per di pckd, isai y, km des oises aés `rivks, sbeof imigcdéotcoe km kd quk puhk oerrkr pkdc`re di vchi hkd piockmtk y sk triti hk umi kakr`kmoci aãhcoi quk mkokscti itkmocÿm cmakhciti. Di cmtedkrimoci i des idcakmtes me ksté akhcihi per kd scstkai cmaumedÿ`coe y ks auobe aés grkoukmtk quk des preokses idãr`coes. Des aés grkoukmtkakmtk capdcoihes sem di dkobk (per di diotesi), k oigã y kd tã, id`umes pksoihes oeae kd itüm, kd pdétime, dis oeachis obcmis, kto. Des sámteais sem auy vircihes y akmes kspkoágcoes quk km di idkr`ci, puhckmhe ipirkokr okgidkis, méuskis y vÿactes, eprkscÿm teréocoi, tiqucoirhci, skmsiocÿm hk qukaizÿm, kto. ^iri kd hci`mÿstcoe hk di idkr`ci idcakmtirái kd pise cmcocid oemscstcré km di kdijeriocÿm hk umi ouchihesi bcsterci hcktãtcoi km di quk birkaes bcmoipcã km des idcakmtes cm`krches hurimtk dis vkcmtcouitre beris prkvcis i di ipircocÿm hk des sámteais. Isá acsae, rkgdklirkaes di rkpktcocÿm e me hk des kpcsehces y di scmteaitede`ái pihkochi per kd piockmtk. ^estkrcerakmtk ^estkrcerakmtk pisirkaes i di rkidcziocÿm hk umi hckti piri kstuhce y oemtred hk di idkr`ci idcakmtirci quk oemsti hk hes gisks< - Gisk hk kdcacmiocÿm. Km ksti gisk gisk sk kvctim des idcakmtes aés grkoukmtkakmtk capdcoihes km preokses idãr`coes. De meraid ks quk sk prehuzoi umi aklerái piuditcmi hk des sámteais. _c kste me eourrk, ks pescjdk quk kd erc`km me ski idcakmtirce. Des idcakmtes prebcjches p rebcjches sem des prehuotes hk oemgctkrái, des oemhcakmtes y sidsis, dis jkjchis `iskesis y tÿmcois, kd teaitk, kd pdétime, di grksi, di uvi, di mirimli y kd dcaÿm, oirmks oeae kd okrhe y kd oemkle, pksoihes y orustéokes, pim, bircmi, okrkidks, bukves, dkobk y obeoeditk. - Gisk hk preveoiocÿm. _c kd kmgkrae kxpkrcakmti aklerái tris di gisk hk kdcacmiocÿm, sc`mcgcoi quk sk triti hk umi idkr`ci idcakmtirái. I pirtcr hk kstk aeakmte hkjkrkaes cr cmtrehuockmhe, ume i ume y oem pruhkmoci, des idcakmtes Km kd aeakmte quk rkipirkzoi di scmteaitede`ái, bijrkaes hksoujckrte kd prehuote capdcoihe.
khctercid } okp
G. Mutrcocÿm y gioterks hk Zcks`e Oirhcevisoudir i. Cmtrehuoocÿ Cmtrehuoocÿm m Km dis seockhihks hk piásks hksirreddihes kxcstk um orkockmtk iuakmte hk kmgkrakhihks oirhcevisoudirks, quk sk sctüim oeae di prcakri oiusi hk aertidchih kmtrk di pejdiocÿm. Kstis kmgkrakhihks oirhcevisoudirks rkspemhkm i oiusis `kmãtcois km id`umes oises, pkre prcmocpidakmtk kstém iseocihis oem béjctes idcakmtirces id cakmtirces y seocidks cmoerrkotes. _k oemschkri gioter hk rcks`e oirhcevisoudir i di oemhcocÿm hk um cmhcvchue quk iuakmti di prejijcdchih hk quk sk hksirreddk umi kmgkrakhih oirhcevisoudir km um guture aés e akmes dklime. _k hkgcmk oeae gioter hk rcks`e cmhkpkmhckmtk id gioter ouye pehkr prkhcotcve pkrscstk hkspuãs hk skr ilustihe piri di kxcstkmoci hk etres gioterks hk rcks`e oem des ouidks sk iseoci.
j. Gioterks Hk Zcks`e Oirhceviso Oirhcevisoudir udir • Gioterks aehcgcoijdks _em iqukddes sejrk des quk sk pukhk cmochcr hk gerai vedumtirci y oem di oedijeriocÿm hkd piockmtk i pksir hk quk sk oemsc`im e me des d es ejlktcves tkripãutcoes Xijiqucsae
Di rkdiocÿm kmtrk tijioe y kmgkrakhih oeremirci yi guk puksti hk aimcgckste i gcmidks hk des iùes ;> Kstuhces km piockmtks giddkoches bim hkaestrihe umi aiyer prkvidkmoci y `rivkhih hk dis dkscemks hk dis irtkrcis e irtkrcesodkrescs isá oeae idtkriocÿm hk di pirkh hk dis irtkrcid de quk preveoi umi akmer oipiochih hk cmhuocr hcditiocÿm irtkrcid. Oedkstkred hk dis Dcpepretkámis hk Jili Hkmschih
Di rkdiocÿm kmtrk dis oemokmtriocemks hk oedkstkred y di aertidchih oeremirci ks hcrkoti, oemtcmui y me kxcstk um vider uajrid i pirtcr hkd ouid sk cmcock kd rcks`e hk pihkokr umi oeapdcoiocÿm csquãacoi hk di irtkrcesodkre irtkrcesodkrescs. scs. Bcpkrtkmscÿm
Muakreses kstuhces cmhcoim quk kxcstk umi rkdiocÿm hcrkoti y oemtcmui kmtrk di prkscÿm irtkrcid scstÿdcoi y hcistÿdcoi, y kd rcks`e hk pihkokr um kvkmte oirhcevisoudir. Ouimhe kxcstk kmgkrakhih oeremirci e bcpkrtregci vkmtrcoudir czquckrhi, umi prkscÿm hcistÿdcoi kxokscviakmtk idti pehré oeapertir um rcks`e hk pihkokr oeapdcoiocÿm csquãacoi. Hckti Zcoi km @risi y Oedkstkred
_k bi hkaestrihe quk hcktis hk kstis oiriotkrástcois iuakmtim di oemokmtriocÿm pdisaétcoi hk oedkstkred giverkokm di geraiocÿm hk oãdudis kspuaesis quk cmtkrvckmkm km di geraiocÿm hk di pdioi itkreaitesi. Hcijktks Akddctus
Ks di rkscstkmoci cmsudámcoi (beraemi rkspemsijdk hk di ijserocÿm hk izuoirks) y di bcpkrcmsudcmkaci6 kd gioter hkskmoihkmimtk hkd aiyer rcks`e oirhcevisoudir hk kstes piockmtks.
khctercid } okp
_khkmtircsae
Di iotcvchih gáscoi hcsacmuyk di ihcpeschih y di oemokmtriocÿm hk trc`dcoãrches, iuakmti kd oedkstkred hkd tcpe BHD y sk iseoci i umi akmer prkvidkmoci hk BXI. ^er de quk di iuskmoci hk hcobi iotcvchih pukhk cmgducr km kd aimtkmcackmte hk kdkvihes mcvkdks hk kstes gioterks km kd piockmtk. Ejkschih
Kxcstkm kvchkmocis hk quk di ejkschih, yi hk `rihe dc`kre, hi du`ir i um iuakmte hk di aertidchih oirhcevisoudir. _k`üm Fimmkd, km des beajrks kd 9> % hk iuakmte km kd pkse preveoi um iuakmte hkd ?> % km kd rcks`e oeremirce, hkjche sejrk tehe id kgkote hk di ejkschih sejrk etres gioterks hk rcks`e Kstk rcks`e hkjche i ejkschih ksté auy rkdiocemihe oem di hcstrcjuocÿm hk `risi oerperid. Di ejkschih imhrechk e ijheacmid ks kd pitrÿm quk sk iseoci i um aiyer rcks`e oirhcevisoudir. _k oemschkri quk kd ámhcok ocmturi/oihkri hkskijdk ks cmgkrcer i >,3 km des beajrks y i >,2 km dis aulkrks. Oemsuae hk Idoebed
Kd oemsuae kxokscve hk idoebed sk iseoci oem aiyer aertidchih oirhcevisoudir, km pirtk, hkjche id kgkote tÿxcoe hkd idoebed sejrk kd aceoirhce y di pirkh irtkrcid6 tiajcãm tckmk kgkote iuakmtimhe di prkscÿm irtkrcid.
• Gioterks me aehcgcoijdks _em iqukddes hktkracmihes per des prepces piockmtks quk me pukhkm skr aehcgcoihes mc hk gerai cmtkrmi mc kxtkrmi. Khih
Iumquk dis kmgkrakhihks oirhcevisoudirks me sem oiusi hcrkoti hkd kmvklkocackmte, sem aés oeaumks kmtrk dis pkrsemis hk khih ivimzihi. Kste sk hkjk i quk dis igkoocemks oeremircis sem kd rksudtihe hk um hkserhkm pre`rkscve. _k bi hkaestrihe quk di irtkrcesodkrescs i akmuhe sk cmcoci i umi khih tkaprimi y pukhk tirhir kmtrk :> y ?> iùes ddk`ir id pumte hemhk dis irtkrcis oeremircis kstém sugcockmtkakmtk jdequkihis piri preveoir um itiquk oirhcioe u etres sámteais. _kxe
Des itiquks oirhcioes km pkrsemis lÿvkmks sem sugrches prcmocpidakmtk per viremks y iuakmtim km gerai dcmkid oem di khih. Des beajrks per hkjile hk des ;> iùes tckmkm umi cmochkmoci aés kdkvihi hk igkoocemks oirhcevisoudirks quk dis aulkrks km kd acsae rim`e hk khih -kmtrk trks y ouitre vkoks aés-. I pirtcr hk di akmepiusci, des ámhcoks hk kmgkrakhihks oirhcevisoudirks sem sÿde kd hejdk km beajrks quk km aulkrks hk c`uid khih. Km `kmkrid, sk bi oeaprejihe quk dis oeapdcoiocemks odámcois hk di irtkrcesodkrescs ipirkokm km di aulkr oem 9>-9; iùes hk rktrise oem rkspkote id beajrk. Imtkokhkmtks Giacdcirks
Des ackajres hk giacdcis oem imtkokhkmtks hk itiquks oirháioes sk oemschkrim km umi oitk`erái hk rcks`e oirhcevisoudir aés idti. Kd rcks`e km beajrks oem bcstercis giacdcirks hk KOW imtks hk des ;> iùes ks hk 9.; vkoks i : aiyer quk km quckmks me ipertim kd gioter bkrkhctirce. Km oiajce, pirkok skr quk di oukstcÿm `kmãtcoi cmgduyk km akmer akhchi km dis aulkrks. Xehi-
khctercid } okp
vái ksté per iodirir sc di oerrkdiocÿm kmtrk imtkokhkmtks giacdcirks hk oirhcepitáis y kd aiyer rcks`e oirhcevisoudir sk hkjk sediakmtk i gioterks `kmãtcoes e ks aés jckm di oemskoukmoci hk di trimsacscÿm hk umes béjctes y kstcde hk vchi hk pihrks i bcles.
• Hktkracmiocÿm y kviduiocÿm Km kstk ipirtihe sk odiscgcoim des d es gioterks hk rcks`e km jisk, me sÿde i dis oemokmtriocemks hk dápches pdisaétcoes, scme i umi kviduiocÿm `dejid hkd h kd rcks`e hkpkmhckmtk hk des gioterks hk rcks`e. _cm rcks`e
_ctuiocÿm hkskijdk km di quk di oemokmtriocÿm hk oedkstkred pdisaétcoe ks cmgkrcer i :>> a`/hd6 km kstes oises, sidve quk kd piockmtk ski oeremirce, iumquk kxcstim gioterks hk rcks`e, me ksté kstijdkoche di cmtkrvkmocÿm. Zcks`e dc`kre
Cmhcvchues oem oemokmtriocemks :>>-?>> a`/hd hk oedkstkred pdisaétcoe tetid, scm etres gioterks hk rcks`e oirhcevisoudir iseocihe. Km kstis ocroumstimocis kd rcks`e hk kmgkrakhih oirhcevisoudir kapckzi i iuakmtir hk gerai metijdk, pkre km iuskmoci hk gioterks hk rcks`e iseocihes di iotctuh hkjk skr rkditcviakmtk oemskrviheri Zcks`e aehkrihe
^iockmtks oem oemokmtriocÿm hk oedkstkred pdisaétcoe tetid :>>-?>> a`/hd iseocihe i um gioter hk rcks`e me-dcpáhcoe e umi oemokmtriocÿm oBHD cmgkrcer i ?; a`/hd. Di prkskmoci hkd gioter hk rcks`e KOW petkmoci kd rcks`e y rkquckrk aiyer itkmocÿm sejrk kd cmhcvchue pertiher. Idte rcks`e
Di oeajcmiocÿm hk gioterks hk rcks`e ks cmhkpkmhckmtk y rkquckrk umi itkmocÿm kspkocid. _k oemschkri quk kxcstk idte rcks`e km dis sc`uckmtks ocroumstimocis< oemokmtriocÿm hk oedkstkred pdisaétcoe = ?>> a`/hd, oemokmtriocÿm hk oedkstkred pdisaétcoe :>>-?>> a`/hd y hes e aés gioterks hk rcks`e y des cmhcvchues quk bim pihkoche ioochkmtk oirhcevisoudir i`uhe cmhkpkmhckmtkakmtk hk di oemokmtriocÿm hk oedkstkred iotuid.
o. Xritiackmte Mutrcocemi Mutrcocemidd Kd tritiackmte mutrcocemid ks sckaprk caprksocmhcjdk piri prkvkmcr gioterks hk rcks`e oirhcevisoudir6 Ks per kdde per de quk i oemtcmuiocÿm sk kxpemkm umis rkoeakmhiocemks mutrcocemidks sk`üm kd `rupe hk idcakmtes piri prkvkmcr p rkvkmcr e aklerir dis pitede`áis oirhcevisoudirks.
_c oemsk`ucaes umi idcakmtiocÿm kqucdcjrihi kqu cdcjrihi y aimtkmkaes umes béjctes hk vchi siduhijdks, oem kd ihkouihe klkrococe gáscoe, dcjrk hk buaes y hk kstrãs, pehkaes kstir sk`ures hk quk qu k dis kmgkrakhihks oirhcevisoudirks me skrém mumoi um prejdkai piri di pejdiocÿm.
Kmtrk des béjctes siduhijdks pehkaes hkstioir< - Ilustir kd oemtkmche oidÿrcoe oidÿrcoe hk tu tu idcakmtiocÿm i tus mkokschihks rkidks. Dis oideráis hk tu hckti hkrcvihis hk dis `risis mumoi hkjkm sejrkpisir kd ?> % hkd tetid.
khctercid } okp
- _k prkgkrcré prkgkrcré sckaprk kd iokctk hk edcvi hk prcakri prkmsi km gráe per su rcqukzi rcqukzi km éoches `rises aemecmsiturihes y sus ouidchihks imtcexchimtks, id rkste hk des iokctks vk`ktidks y, per supukste, i dis `risis hk erc`km imcaid. - Zkhuocr kd kd oemsuae hk pretkámis pretkámis hk erc`km imcaid, sustctuyãmhedis per dk`uajrks dk`uajrks y okrkidks cmtk`ridks. Dis pretkámis mumoi hkjkm sejrkpisir kd 9; % hk dis oideráis hk di hckti. Hk kmtrk dis pretkámis hk erc`km imcaid rkhuok kd oemsuae hk oirmks `risis y iuakmti kd hk pksoihes, kspkocidakmtk hk pksoihes izudks. - _ustctucr di dkobk kmtkri kmtkri per dkobk dkobk hksmitihi hksmitihi e dkobk hk seli kmrcqukochi kmrcqukochi oem oem oidoce. Oemsuak Oemsuak qukses tckrmes km vkz hk `rises e ourihes. - Dcactir kd oemsuae hk ykais hk bukve i : e ? per skaimi. Dis odiris pukhkm teairsk scm scm dcactiocÿm y akzodirsk oem dis ykais piri biokr tertcddis, rkvukdtes y sidsis. - Xeair tehes tehes des háis um jukm pdite hk vkrhuris grksois e umi jukmi kmsidihi, lumte oem des okrkidks y dis dk`uajrks, hkjkm skr di jisk hk tu idcakmtiocÿm. ^rkgkrcr sckaprk des idcakmtes cmtk`ridks i des rkgcmihes. [m ipertk sugcockmtk hk gcjri ks umi hk dis odivks piri di siduh oirhcevisoudir. - Xeair tehes tehes des háis id akmes um pir hk pckzis hk gruti grksoi. grksoi. - Me oemsuacr oemsuacr mumoi aés hk ?> ` hk idoebed id hái. _k bi oeaprejihe quk kd jkjkr um peoe hk vcme tcmte km dis oeachis akleri di siduh oirhcevisoudir. - Aimtkmkr id aámcae kd oemsuae hk izüoir rkgcmihe rkgcmihe y sid. Me edvchir kd izüoir y di sid hk des idcakmtes preoksihes. - ^rkgkrcr sckaprk des prehuotes mituridks mituridks i des preoksihes e cmhustrcidks. Ouimhe sk viyi i oeaprir um prehuote prkpirihe, dkkr sckaprk di ktcqukti hk cmgeraiocÿm mutrcocemid y vc`cdir des oemtkmches hk `risis siturihis, oedkstkred, izüoir y sehce. Kstes oemskles kstém hksirreddihes i oemtcmuiocÿm km oihi ume h k des `rupes mutrcocemidks jéscoes km rkdiocÿm oem dis kmgkrakhihks oirhcevisoudirks Di cm`ksti hk aioremutrckmtks hkjk skr di sc`uckmtk< - Bchrites hk oirjeme. 7>-7;% hkd tetid y hk kddes me aés hkd 9>% hk scapdks, scapdks, kd rkste rkste oirjebchrites oeapdkles. - @risi. :>-:;% y hk kddi 9:-9;% aemecmsiturihi, aemecmsiturihi, ;-2% pedccmsiturihi y kd pkqukùe rkste hk siturihi. - ^retkámis. 9>-9;% - Gcjri hcktãtcoi. _k hkjk teair umi oimtchih supkrcer i :; `riaes per hái, kd kd ejlktcve hkjkm hkjkm skr des ?> `riaes. - Oedkstkred. Idrkhkher hk 0; acdc`riaes per 9>>> Foid. - _id. Me teak aés hk ? `riaes per hái
h. @risis Zkhuocr kd oemsuae hk `risis hk gerai quk me ipertkm aés hk um ?> % hk dis oideráis cm`krchis. Hk kstk ?> %, sk rkoeackmhi quk dis `risis aemecmsiturihis oemstctuyim id akmes um 9; % hkd tetid, um ; % dis pedccmsiturihis y akmes hk um 9> % dis siturihis. Ihkaés sk rkoeackmhi rkhuocr kd oemsuae hk oedkstkred bisti ?>> a`/hái.
khctercid } okp
- _k rkoeackmhi rkoeackmhi kd oemsuae hk `risis hk erc`km vk`ktid, vk`ktid, quk me oemtckmkm oemtckmkm oedkstkred oedkstkred y kstém kstém oeapukstis km su aiyer pirtk per éoches `rises pedccmsiturihes (iokctks hk aiáz e `crised) y aemecmsiturihes (iokctk hk edcvi). - _k prkgkrcré prkgkrcré sckaprk kd iokctk hk edcvi edcvi hk prcakri prkmsi prkmsi km gráe per su rcqukzi km éoches `rises `rises aemecmsiturihes y sus ouidchihks imtcexchimtks. - Des ddiaihes iokctks trepcoidks (hk pidai, pidacstk y oeoe), oeoe), i pksir pksir hk skr vk`ktidks, vk`ktidks, kstém kstém geraihes prcmocpidakmtk per `risis siturihis, per de quk kvctirkaes su oemsuae. - _k hksioemskli kd oemsuae hk air`ircmis yi quk, i pksir hk skr `risis vk`ktidks, oemtckmkm `risis bchre`kmihis oem éoches `rises trims, quk sk oeapertim km kd er`imcsae oeae `risis siturihis. - Des idcakmtes sk oeocmirém oem di aámcai `risi pescjdk, prkgcrckmhe di oeoocÿm, kd kd isihe e di pdimobi i di grcturi. Km oise hk grkár des idcakmtes, sk utcdcziré prkgkrkmtkakmtk iokctk hk edcvi quk ihkaés hk sepertir aiyerks tkapkrituris scm hksmituridczirsk, gerai umi oipi supkrgcocid idrkhkher hk des idcakmtes pretk`ckmhe su tkxturi cmtkrmi y scm hklir ksoipir sus lu`es. Km des `ucses, umi vkz kmgrcihes, rktcrir di oipi supkrgcocid sedchcgcoihi hk `risi (quk ks sckaprk siturihi) imtks hk skrvcrdes. - Kvctir des idcakmtes preoksihes preoksihes perquk pukhkm oemtkmkr `risis hk huhese erc`km. erc`km.
k. Oirmks y ^ksoihes - Aimtkmkr kd kd oemsuae hk oirmks y pksoihes rkhuoche i gcm hk me sejrkpisir mukstris mkokschihks hcircis hk pretkámis, de ouid capdcoi um aiyer rcks`e oirhcevisoudir. Kd oemsuae `dejid hk pretkámis (hk tehis dis gukmtks) rkoeakmhihe ks hk um 9; % hkd cm`rkse kmkr`ãtcoe hcirce e >,2 `r. per fcde y hái. - Km `kmkrid, prkgkrcr idcakmtes idcakmtes hk erc`km vk`ktid vk`ktid km vkz hk des hk erc`km imcaid. Me hkjkaes hkjkaes edvchir quk di akmer tisi hk kmgkrakhihks oirhcevisoudirks sk hi kmtrk des vk`ktircimes. Di oeajcmiocÿm hk dk`uajrks oem irrez e seli tckmk dis acsais pretkámis quk umi oimtchih scacdir hk oirmk. - ^rkgkrcr sckaprk des pksoihes, kspkocidakmtk kspkocidakmtk kd pksoihe izud, y aircsoes aircsoes i dis oirmks y ivks. - ^rkgkrcr tiajcãm dis ivks oeae kd pedde pedde y kd pive e kd oemkle i dis oirmks aés `risis, per tkmkr akmes `risi siturihi y oedkstkred. Zktcrir sckaprk di pckd y di `risi hk hkjile hk di pckd imtks hk oeocmirdes. Kvctir tiajcãm kd pite y kd `imse per p er di `rim oimtchih hk `risi quk oemtckmkm. - Kvctir dis oirmks `risis, quk ipertim sckaprk `rim oimtchih hk `risis siturihis, y kdk`cr, km oiajce, oertks ai`res hk vioi, tkrmkri e oerhkre, kdcacmimhe di `risi vcscjdk imtks hk oeocmirdis. - Des kajutches kajutches y sidobcobis km `kmkrid sem auy rcoes km `risis siturihis, per de quk hkjkrkaes kvctirdes. _k pukhkm sustctucr per liaÿm oeoche, quk bi pkrhche `rim pirtk hk su `risi. - Dis vásokris vásokris (bá`ihe, rcùemks, rcùemks, skses, skses, kto.) sem auy rcois rcois km oedkstkred oedkstkred y hkjkaes kvctirdis. kvctirdis. Kd bá`ihe ks umi gukmtk auy capertimtk hk vctiacmis y acmkridks, puhckmhe teairsk umi perocÿm hk 9>> `riaes umi vkz id aks.
g. Bukves y Déotkes - Me oemsuacr aés hk : e ? ykais ykais hk bukves bukves i di skaimi. Di cm`ksti cm`ksti hk odiris me ksté dcactihi, per de quk pehkaes akzodir umi ykai oem hes odiris piri biokr tertcddis, rkvukdtes e sidsis. Me
khctercid } okp
edvchirsk hk des bukves quk sk oemsuakm oeae cm`rkhckmtks hk jeddes, orkais, aiyemksis, rkjezihes, kto. - Oemsuacr sÿde sÿde bukves oeocmihes, mumoi oruhes, i me skr skr quk sk tkm`im tkm`im `irimtáis ijsedutis hk quk dis `iddcmis hk dis quk preokhkm me trimsactkm di sidaemkddi. - Kvctir di dkobk kmtkri, kmtkri, bkdihes oeakrocidks, miti, aimtkqucddi y hkrcvihes. hkrcvihes. _c sk ksté ksté ioestuaioestuajrihe i oemsuacr prehuotes déotkes oem tehi su `risi, rksudtiré aés géocd pisir i des hksmitihes sc prcakre pisiaes umi tkaperihi teaimhe prehuotes skachksmitihes. - Xkmckmhe km km oukmti quk hkjkaes dcactir su oemsuae, ks prkgkrcjdk prkgkrcjdk di aimtkqucddi i dis air`ircmis, yi quk i pksir hk kstir gijrcoihis ãstis i pirtcr hk `risis vk`ktidks, oemtckmkm `risis bchre`kmihis oem éoches `rises trims, quk sk oeapertim km kd er`imcsae oeae `risis siturihis. - Oemsuacr qukses qukses grksoes grksoes km du`ir hk `rises. `rises. Ouimte aés skoes y ourihes sem des qukses aés `risi oemtckmkm, y ouimte aés tckrmes aés i`ui. Des qukses hk umtir e hk gumhcr tiajcãm tckmkm umi `rim preperocÿm hk `risis siturihis.
`. Okrkidks - _k hkjk oemsuacr id akmes um jukm pdite id hái hk okrkidks, pisti e dk`uajrks. Di pisti sk oeocmiré id hkmtk piri kvctir sujchis répchis hk `duoesi. Dis dk`uajrks hkjkm oemsuacrsk id akmes hes vkoks per skaimi. - _k prkgkrcrém prkgkrcrém sckaprk kd pim, des okrkidks, dis bircmis e di pisti cmtk`rid cmtk`rid i sus kqucvidkmtks rkgcmihes. Di ioocÿm pretkoteri hk di gcjri vk`ktid grkmtk i dis kmgkrakhihks oirhcevisoudirks ks hk vctid capertimoci y me hkjk sujkstcairsk. - _k hkjk tkmkr km km oukmti quk di aiyerái aiyerái hk des prehuotes prehuotes hk jeddkrái y `iddktis sukdkm sukdkm kdijerirsk oem `risis siturihis. Hkjkaes oemsuacrdes oem prkoiuocÿm y oemsudtir prkvciakmtk dis ktcquktis hk cmgeraiocÿm mutrcocemid ouimhe sk tritk hk prehuotes cmhustrcidks e preoksihes. - Oeocmir des okrkidks, pisti y dk`uajrks oem peoi sid piri prkvkmcr prkvkmcr di bcpkrtkmscÿm. Zkvcsir Zkvcsir kd oemtkmche hk sid hk dis oeachis prkpirihis (irreoks oem`kdihes, dk`uajrks km oemskrvi, kto.), sc ks idte kvctir su oemsuae.
b. Grutis y Wkrhuris - Oemsuacr hcirciakmtk hcirciakmtk id akmes um jukm pdite hk vkrhuris grksois e, akler iüm, umi jukmi kmsidihi. Id oeokr di gcjri vk`ktid oiajci su oemscstkmoci y pckrhk pirtk hk sus prepckhihks, per de quk ks oemvkmckmtk cm`krcr umi pirtk hk des vk`ktidks hk di hckti oruhes. Id oeokr di vkrhuri sk pckrhk `rim pirtk hk su vctiacmi O, hk di quk mkoksctiaes `rimhks oimtchihks piri kvctir di exchiocÿm hk dis dcpepretkámis km di sim`rk. - Xeair id akmes akmes hes pckzis hk gruti gruti id hái. [mi jukmi oestuajrk oestuajrk ks oeakmzir kd hái teaimhe umi pckzi hk gruti e km zuae miturid imtks hkd hksiyume. Kd i`ui, dis vctiacmis imtcexchimtks y dis kmzcais quk oemtckmk di gruti mes iyuhi i bchritir, hkpurir y vctidczir mukstre scstkai oirhcevisoudir. - Xkmkr prkoiuocÿm prkoiuocÿm km kd oemsuae hk iokctumis, i`uioitks i`uioitks y grutes grutes skoes skoes per su idte oemtkmcoemtkmches km `risis. _k rkoeackmhi oemsuacr des grutes skoes oruhes per skr su oemtkmche hk vctiacmis aiyer.
khctercid } okp
- Zkoerhir quk kd oeoe tckmk tckmk umi `rim oimtchih hk `risi `risi siturihi y hkjk kvctirsk. - Dis pititis y hkaés vk`ktidks vk`ktidks rcoes rcoes km idachÿm, idachÿm, per dis oideráis quk oemtckmkm km km preperocÿm i dis oimtchihks hk gcjri, vctiacmis, acmkridks, sk oemschkrirém km kd `rupe hk okrkidks. - Id oeocmir dis vkrhuris, utcdczir prkgkrkmtkakmtk prkgkrkmtkakmtk kd bkrvche, di oeoocÿm id viper e isihe imtks quk di grcturi. Km oise hk rkbe`ir di vkrhuri, utcdczir auy peoe iokctk y sckaprk hk edcvi.
c. Idoebed - Kd oemsuae hk jkjchis idoebÿdcois mumoi supkriré des ?> ` id hái. Ksti oimtchih kqucvidk i umes ?>> oo hk vcme, umis u mis ? okrvkzis e umi oepi (0; oo) hk oeùio, wbcsfy, imás, kto. - _ckaprk sk sk prkgkrcré prkgkrcré kd vcme tcmte i ouidquckr etri jkjchi idoebÿdcoi, per sus prepckhihks imtcexcimtcexchimtks y di ioocÿm pretkoteri sejrk kd aceoirhce quk prkskmtim des timcmes cmoduches km di pckd hk di uvi - Kd oemsuae hk idoebed ksté odiriakmtk odiriakmtk hksioemsklihe hksioemsklihe km pkrsemi oem sejrkpkse e trc`dcoãrches trc`dcoãrches idtes. - Zkhuocr kd oemsuae hk oigã, oigã, kspkocidakmtk kspkocidakmtk sc sk pihkok pihkok hk bcpkrtkmscÿm irtkrcid. irtkrcid. - Kvctir kd oemsuae hk oigã hksoigkcmihe. hksoigkcmihe. _c _c sk quckrk rkkapdizir rkkapdizir kd oigã per umi jkjchi scm scm oigkámi utcdczir aidti e prkpirihes hk okrkidks.
@. Hcktis y di Bcpkrtkmscÿm Di bcpkrtkmscÿm sk hkgcmk oeae iqukddi sctuiocÿm hkd cmhcvchue km quk kxcstk umi kdkviocÿm hk di prkscÿm irtkrcid hk gerai pkrscstkmtk. Km `kmkrid, sk rkoeackmhi kdcacmir e rkhuocr id aéxcae di ihcocÿm hk sid i dis oeachis (auobi `kmtk iùihk sid i des idcakmtes cmoduse scm bijkrdes prejihe imtks). Di ihcocÿm hk sid ks oeapdktiakmtk cmmkoksirci, puks biy etris gukmtks hk sehce -quk sá quk ks mkoksirce piri mukstre er`imcsae- km di mituridkzi. Ioestuajrirsk i usir etres sijerczimtks mituridks oeae hktkracmihis kspkocis, kd ile, kd diurkd, kd teacdde, ... pukhk skr auy sitcsgioterce. Biy sid iùihchi km auobes idcakmtes oem ispkote —cmeokmtk‑< oemskrvis, pdites prkpirihes, sidsis, pimks, liaÿm, kto. Kd `rihe hk rkstrcoocÿm de airoiré kd pkrsemid simctirce oeapktkmtk. Di cm`ksti hk aioremutrckmtks hkjk skr di d i sc`uckmtk< - Oirjebchrites< ;;-7>% hkd tetid - @risi< ?>% hkd tetid, hk kddi ;-2% siturihi,9;% hk aemecmsiturihi y 0-9>% hk pedccmsiturihi - ^retkámi< 9>-9;% hkd tetid - Gcjri hcktãtcoi< hcktãtcoi< _k hkjk hkjk teair teair umi oimtchih hk idrkhkher hk :; `riaes/hái. - Oedkstkred< Me sk hkjk supkrir des ?>> acdc`riaes/hái - _id< Me teak aés hk ? `riaes per hái - Idoebed< Hkjk tkmkr um oemsuae aehkrihe aehkrihe y me sejrkpisir des :;-?> `riaes/hái `riaes/hái y akler hk vcme tcmte quk jdimoe. Me teak e dcactk d cactk auobe dis jkjchis hk idti `rihuiocÿm (jrimhy, wbcsfy, `cmkjri, kto.)
khctercid } okp
^iri kapkzir, oem kd pim akler teairde scm sid y i skr pescjdk cmtk`rid piri quk dk ipertk gcjri km oimtchihks cmtkrksimtks, pkre me tckmk quk oemschkrir umi dcactiocÿm `rimhk hk kstk idcakmte. Oem dis vkrhuris, bertidczis y dis grutis me tckmk mcm`üm prejdkai, iumquk me teak auy i akmuhe oemskrvis hk grutis y vkrhuris perquk sukdkm ddkvir i akmuhe oimtchihks idtis hk sid. Dis oirmks hkjkm skr dcactihis i um oemsuae hk trks vkoks per skaimi, tkmckmhe ouchihe, oeae imtks, oem dis oirmks kmditihis per di oimtchih hk sid. Xiajcãm sk hkjkm kvctir dis oirmks ibuaihis y km oemlumte sk rkoeackmhim oirmks ai`ris. Dis oirmks hk pedde sem prkgkrcjdks i dis hk pive pkre biy quk preourir me oeakr di pckd quk ks hkaiscihe `risi. Des kajutches me sem rkoeakmhijdks pukste quk sukdkm oemtkmkr `rim oimtchih hk sid y hk `risis siturihis. Hk tehis gerais tckmk km kd oeakroce kajutches jiles km oideráis y km sid quk sukdkm tkmkr um iokptijdk jukm sijer y dk pukhkm rksudtir i`rihijdks. Km ouimte i des pksoihes oemsüaides aés quk dis oirmks y iquá pukhk cmtkroidir pksoihes jdimoes y izudks, pukste quk di `risi hk ks auy siduhijdk. Des bukves me hkjkm supkrir um müakre hk trks-ouitre per skaimi.
Kd pkse hkjk cmtkmtir aimtkmkrsk hk umi gerai siduhijdk puhcãmhesk teair hk umi gerai `kmkrid kd vider akhce iokptijdk hkd ámhcok hk aisi oerperid (C.A.O.).
^er de quk rkspkoti i di dkobk y hkrcvihes déotkes sk biok umi rkoeakmhiocÿm `kmkrid hk quk sk teakm km sus gerais hksorkaihis. Ouchihe oem des qukses. Me ijusk hk des auy `rises, y hk des auy ourihes per su oemtkmche km sid. Oeai akler qukses q ukses grksoes, y scm sid prkgkrcjdkakmtk. Km dis dk`uajrks me sk prkeoupk, pukhk teairdis scm prejdkai. Des iokctks y `risis, yi bkaes oeakmtihe quk me hkjk ijusir hk di `risi siturihi y km ouimte id iokctk tÿakde sckaprk quk pukhi vcr`km, y sc dk rksudti auy gukrtk e sejrk tehe piri grkár dk rksudti um sijer kxtriùe i su `uste utcdcok kd meraid, pkre de hkskijdk ks quk ski sckaprk hk edcvi, ks kd akler hkshk kd pumte hk vcsti hk oeapescocÿm km `risi aemecmsiturihi. Des bkdihes, jeddes, pistkdks y kstk tcpe hk idcakmtes sem peoe ioemsklijdks, mc scquckri ouimhe pemk scm izüoir, oem peoi `risi, kto... Dis jkjchis dis pehkaes imidczir sk`üm quk skim e me idoebÿdcois. Dis me idoebÿdcois, hkjkm skr jilis km sehce, oeae id`umis i`uis acmkridks quk de imumocim km su ktcquktihe y km ouimte i dis jkjchis rkgrksoimtks tiajcãm sk hkjk tkmkr ouchihe oem ksti oukstcÿm. _c dk `ustim dis jkjchis csetÿmcois acrk su oeapescocÿm pukste quk id`umis hk kddis tckmkm um idte oemtkmche km sid Dis idoebÿdcois hkjkm teairsk hk umi gerai aehkrihi y oeae bkaes hcobe imtks me sk rkoeackmhim dis jkjchis hk idti `rihuiocÿm y me sk hkjkm sejrkpisir des ?> `riaes hk idoebed, quk km tãracmes hk vcme sem umes hes vises (me auy `rimhks, hk 9:; acdcdc-
khctercid } okp
tres) id hái. Ihkaés sk hkjk kvctir e hcsacmucr kd oemsuae hk jkjchis kstcaudimtks (oigã, tã, jkjchis hk oedi, kto..), ddkvir umi vchi de aés trimqucdi pescjdk, me guair, biokr hkpertk e id akmes id`e hk klkrococe gáscoe (piskir umi beri id hái...)
B. Hcktis km dis Bcpkrdcpkacis Ipirkok ouimhe kstém kdkvihes des mcvkdks hk oedkstkred tetid y hkd oedkstkred-DHD, me sckmhe des ümcoes gioterks quk pukhim hirmes um rcks`e oirhcevisoudir, pkre rkoerhkaes quk sc sem hk des aés capertimtks. _k`üm skim aés e akmes kdkvihes des mcvkdks di skvkrchih hkd preokse skré aiyer y kd tritiackmte hcktãtcoe skré, hkmtre hk umes piréaktres `kmkridks, aés e akmes kstrcote, iumquk me edvchkaes quk kd tritiackmte giraioedÿ`coe pukhk y km auobes oises ksté cmhcoihe. Wiaes i pdimtkir di hckti km kd bcpkroedkstkredkaci km hes mcvkdks, umi piri des oises aés suivks, km des quk me biy umes viderks hkaiscihe kdkvihes y etri km quk yi kd preokse preperocemi umes müakres quk yi mes cmhcoim um idte e idtáscae rcks`e hk kmgkrakhih oirhcevisoudir. Kd pkse hkjk cmtkmtir aimtkmkrsk km umes viderks quk sk pukhim oemschkrir siduhijdks puhcãmhesk teair oeae rkgkrkmoci hk umi gerai `kmkrid des viderks akhces hkd ámhcok hk aisi oerperid (C.A.O.). Di cm`ksti hk aioremutrckmtks hkjk skr di d i sc`uckmtk< - Oirjebchrites. ;;% hkd tetid (me hkjk pisir hk 9>% hk scapdks, kd rkste rkste oeapdkles) oeapdkles) - @risis. ?>-?;% hkd tetid. Hk kddi, kddi, ;-2% hk siturihi, siturihi, 0-2% hk pedccmsiturihi pedccmsiturihi y 92-:?% hk aemecmsiturihi (km gerai hk iokctk hk edcvi prcmocpidakmtk) - ^retkámis. 9>-9;% hkd tetid - Gcjri hcktãtcoi. hcktãtcoi. _k hkjk hkjk teair teair umi oimtchih hk umes :; `riaes id hái - Oedkstkred. Akmes hk 9>> acdc`riaes/9>>> Foid. - _id. Me teak aés hk ? `riaes per hái - Idoebed. Hkjk tkmkr um oemsuae aehkrihe aehkrihe y me sejrkpisir des :;-?> `riaes/hái `riaes/hái y akler hk vcme tcmte quk hk jdimoe. Me jkji dcoerks hk idti `rihuiocÿm (rem, `cmkjri, Pbcsfy, jrimhy....) ^iri kapkzir, kd pim teairde akler scm sid y i skr pescjdk cmtk`rid piri quk dk ipertk gcjri km oimtchihks capertimtks, pkre me hkjk biokr umi rkstrcoocÿm auy gukrtk hk kstk idcakmte. Oem des rkstimtks okrkidks me biy prejdkais km su oemsuae. Oem dis vkrhuris, bertidczis y grutis me kxcstk mcm`üm tcpe hk dcactiocÿm piri su oemsuae. Dis oirmks hkjkm vc`cdirsk teaimhe sediakmtk trks riocemks per skaimi, y vc`cdimhe quk sk teakm prcmocpidakmtk pckzis ai`ris, y ouimhe sk teakm `risis quctirdks di pirtk vcscjdk. Des kajutches hkjkm kvctirsk, iumquk km kd liaÿm y km kd deae dis pirtks quk me tckmkm `risi vcscjdk sk pukhkm teair scm aiyerks prejdkais. Km ouimte i des pksoihes sk hkjkm teair aés quk dis oirmks y iquá pukhk cmtkroidir pksoihes jdimoes y izudks, pukste quk di `risi hk des izudks ks auy siduhijdk. Me teak sidizemks km `kmkrid y ouchihe oem kd aircsoe. _c teai peoe me biy prejdkai, pkre ouimhe su oemsuae ks bijctuid pukhk skr pkrluhcocid. Des bukves me hkjkm supkrir um müakre hk trks per skaimi. ^er de quk rkspkoti i di dkobk y hkrcvihes déotkes sk hkjkm teair km sus gerais hksorkaihis. Ouchihe oem des qukses. Me teak e auy peoi oimtchih hk des `rises, tckmkm hkaiscihi oimtchih. Akler oeai des grksoes y i skr pescjdk, scm sid. Km dis dk`uajrks me sk prkeoupk, pukhk teairdis scm prejdkai, iumquk vc`cdk di gerai hk kdijeriocÿm, puks pukhk oemtkmkr hkaiscihi `risi. Oem rkspkote i des iokctks y `risis oemsuai sejrk tehe
khctercid } okp
iokctk hk edcvi y prkgkrcjdk vcr`km kxtri, e vcr`km id akmes, cmoduse piri grkár, ks auy oirhcesiduhijdk. _c dk rksudti auy gukrtk kd sijer, utcdcok kmtemoks kd hk edcvi hk >,8 ¾O. Des bkdihes, jeddes,
pistkdks y kstk tcpe hk idcakmtes sem peoe ioemsklijdks, mc scquckri ouimhe pemk scm izüoir, oem peoi `risi, kto.... Dis jkjchis me idoebÿdcois sk pukhkm teair sckaprk tkmckmhe km oukmti quk me sk hkjk ijusir hk dis oirjÿmcois y hk dis izuoirihis. De akler ks quk teak i`ui, rkgrksoes k cmguscemks quk me peskim oiriotkrástcois kstcaudimtks y des zuaes cmoerperihes i dis beris hk oeakr. Dis idoebÿdcois yi de bkaes oeakmtihe imtks, sÿde umi pkqukùi oimtchih hk vcme tcmte (hes vises me auy `rimhks id hái, hk umes 9:; acdcdctres). Ihkaés sk hkjk ddkvir umi vchi de aés trimqucdi pescjdk, me guair, biokr hkpertk e id akmes id`e hk klkrococe gáscoe.
C. Hcktis km di Hcijktks Di hckti hkd hcijãtcoe sc`uk, km `kmkrid, dis piutis hk di hckti kqucdcjrihi oem id`umis oiriotkrástcois prepcis< - Kvctir e rkhuocr des idcakmtes quk preperocemim preperocemim izüoirks izüoirks (aeme y hcsioérches) hcsioérches) oemokmtrihes oemokmtrihes y dis jkjchis idoebÿdcois - Km kd oise oise hk des hcijãtcoes cmsudcmehkpkmhckmtks, isk`urirsk isk`urirsk hk quk kd kd berirce hk oeachis -meraidakmtk ocmoe teais- sk rkspkti y hk quk sk idoimok kd pkse ihkouihe, quk hkjk cmtkmtir aimtkmkrsk km umes viderks quk sk pukhim oemschkrir siduhijdks puhcãmhesk teair oeae rkgkrkmoci hk umi gerai `kmkrid des viderks akhces hkd ámhcok hk aisi oerperid (C.A.O.) Ximte di hcijktks tcpe C (cmsudcme-hkpkmhckmtk) oeae kd tcpe CC (me cmsudcme-hkpkmhckmtk) peskkm umis piutis hkshk kd pumte hk vcsti mutrcocemid y umis rkoeakmhiocemks hcktãtcois quk sem préotcoiakmtk c`uidks, iumquk sk`üm kd tritiackmte giraioedÿ`coe quk kstã teaimhe kd piockmtk, jckm oem imtchcijãtcoes, oem cmsudcmi e sc me tckmk tritiackmte oem mcm`üm géraioe dis oemhcocemks hcktãtcois pukhkm vircir. Di cm`ksti hk aioremutrckmtks hkjk skr di sc`uckmtk< - Oirjebchrites< ;;-7>% hkd tetid (hkjk teair auy peoes hk ijserocÿm répchi, répchi, akmes hk um 3%, kd rkste hkjkm skr oeapdkles). - @risis< ?>% - ?;% hkd tetid, di actih hk aemecmsiturihi (prkgkrkmtkakmtk km gerai hk iokctk hk edcvi) y kd rkste kmtrk siturihi y pedccmsiturihi actih y actih iprexcaihiakmtk. - ^retkámi< hk um 9> i um 9;%hkd tetid. - Gcjri hcktãtcoi< hcktãtcoi< Aés hk ?> `riaes id hái puks vi auy jckm km ksti kmgkrakhih. - Oedkstkred< Oeae aéxcae umes ?>> acdc`riaes id hái. - Idoebed< Hkjk Hkjk tkmkr tkmkr um oemsuae aehkrihe aehkrihe y me sejrkpisir sejrkpisir des :;-?> `riaes/hái `riaes/hái y akler hk vcme tcmte quk hk jdimoe. _c teai okrvkzi me ijusk hk kddi quk km`erhi iumquk tkm`i akmes idoebed. Me teak jkjchis hk idti `rihuiocÿm (rem, wbcsfy, `cmkjri, jrimhy, kto.). ^iri kapkzir kd pim me tckmk mcm`umi rkstrcoocÿm, sidve kd quk me teak oimtchihks auy idtis, y ks akler quk skim kspkocks cmtk`ridks. Oem rkspkote id rkste hk okrkidks me biy mcm`umi rkstrcoocÿm. Oem dis vkrhuris, grutis y bertidczis me sÿde me biy rkstrcoocemks scme quk hkjkm kstir auy prkskmtks km su hckti. Dis oirmks me sk tckmkm quk teair aés hk trks vkoks km skaimi y kvctkaes dis oirmks `risis teaimhe pckzis ai`ris e quctimhe di pirtk `risi oerrkspemhckmtk km di
khctercid } okp
akhchi hk de pescjdk. Des kajutches sidve kd liaÿm y sc ioise um peoe hk deae me sk hkjkm teair. Des pksoihes kstém auobe aés rkoeakmhihes quk dis oirmks y km c`uidhih hk preperocemks dis kspkocks jdimois oeae dis izudks, quk sem aés `risis pkre auy oirhcesiduhijdks. Des bukves me hkjkm supkrir des trks per skaimi. ^er de quk rkspkoti i di dkobk y hkrcvihes déotkes sk hkjkm teair pkre rkoeakmhimhe dis kspkocks hksorkaihis, y me teairdes sedes scme ioeapiùihes hk pim e hk okrkidks. Des qukses me ks ioemsklijdk quk skim auy `rises y ks akler quk skim grksoes e peoe ourihes. Dis dk`uajrks me tckmkm mcm`umi dcactiocÿm km su oemsuae. Oem rkspkote i des iokctks y `risis sk hkjk teair iokctk vcr`km hk edcvi prkgkrkmtkak prkgkrkmtkakmtk mtk i etris `risis, sckaprk oem di dcactiocÿm hk quk me sk ijusk hk kddi per di oimtchih hk oideráis quk tckmk. _c dk rksudti auy gukrtk kd sijer, utcdcok kd hk edcvi hk >,8. Des bkdihes, jeddes, pistkdks y kstk tcpe hk idcakmtes hkjkm kdcacmirsk. Kxcstkm auobes prehuotes hk kstk kstcde quk sem kspkocidks piri hcijãtcoes oem sioiresi e oem gruotesi y tiapeoe sk hkjkm teair. Des prehuotes quk sk teakm y me tckmkm prejdkais sem des kmhudzihes oem khudoerimtks irtcgcocidks. Dis jkjchis me idoebÿdcois (hk dis etris yi bkaes bijdihe) quk ddkvkm sioiresi km su oeapescocÿm tiajcãm sk hkjkm kvctir6 kd rkste sk pukhkm teair scm prejdkais. Zkoerhkaes quk kd klkrococe gáscoe tiajcãm ksté auy rkoeakmhihe y sckaprk kapkzimhe per klkrococes suivks, 9; i :> acmutes trks vkoks per skaimi id prcmocpce hk klkrococe ikrÿjcoe y oem um ksgukrze akhce. Duk`e sk`üm vi oe`cãmhesk gerai gáscoi sk vi iuakmtimhe i trkcmti acmutes trks vkoks per skaimi y id oije hk um tckape rizemijdk, sk pukhk ddk`ir i ocmoe-skcs vkoks per skaimi hk klkrococes suivks y piuditcmiakmtk sk vi iuakmtimhe di hurkzi. Iquá rkoerhkaes quk des hcijãtcoes, sejrk tehe des cmsudcmehkpkmhckmtks tckmkm quk teair id`e imtks hkd klkrococe y tiajcãm hkspuãs hk ioijir, piri kvctir di bcpe`duokaci. Des klkrococes aés rkoeakmhijdks sem di jcocodkti (kstétcoi e meraid pkre oem rkoerrches ddimes e suivks) y di mitiocÿm. _c sÿde sk hkhcoi i imhir pukhk biokrde hurimtk aés tckape (umi beri sukdk skr kd tckape quk rkoeakmhiaes). Des idcakmtes piri hcijãtcoes gukrem prehuoches jile di oemokpocÿm hk quk kd hcijãtcoe tkmái prebcjcocemks idcakmtiráis hk per vchi. Kste km di iotuidchih ihkaés hk skr cmoerrkote, sukdk preveoir oemguscemks, oeae timtes etres akmsilks caprk`mihes per di tkmhkmoci oeakrocid. Di pkrsemi hci`mestcoihi hk hcijktks hkjk tkmkr ouchihe me sÿde km di oimtchih hk bchrites hk oirjeme scapdks y oeapdkles, scme tiajcãm km di oimtchih hk pretkámis y dápches, yi quk di hcijktks me ks umi kmgkrakhih hkd —izüoir km di sim`rk‑ sediakmtk, kstk ks sÿde um sámteai, scme quk ks umi kmgkrakhih hkd aktijedcsae hk tehes des mutrckmtks, sckmhe di rkspemsijcdchih prcaerhcid di gidti hk cmsudcmi. Des pdimks idcakmtirces trihcocemidks kxc`áim id piockmtk hcijãtcoe quk me oeackri mumoi aés idcakmtes oeae pistis, pim y pipi, per de quk sur`ckrem km kd akroihe prehuotes oeae gchkes piri hcijãtcoes y pim y `iddktctis hk `dutkm, kmtrk etres. Kstes prehuotes tckmkm di oiriotkrástcoi hk peskkr akmer oimtchih hk bchrites bc hrites hk oirjeme. ^kre oeae oemtripirtchi, piri oemskrvirdes y hirdks oemscstkmoci pirkochi i des erc`cmidks, tckmkm ihctcves quk oemtckmkm pretkámis y dápches, puhckmhe pkdc`rir di siduh hk su rcùÿm y sus irtkrcis. Zkoerhkaes quk kstes mutrckmtks tiajcãm hkjkm oemtijcdczirsk km kd pdim idcakmtirce hk des hcijãtcoes. Ihkaés hk skr aés oesteses, `riocis i des ivimoks km di cmvkstc`iocÿm mutrcocemid sk oeaprejÿ quk kd hcijãtcoe me des mkokscti, puhckmhe oeakr hk aimkri auy pirkochi id rkste hk di giacdci.
L. Hcktis y Estkeperescs Dis rkoeakmhiocemks hcktãtcois piri di estkeperescs kstém hkmtre hk dis quk oerrkspemhkm i umi hckti jckm kqucdcjrihi y sitcsgiokm dis mkokschihks hk tehes des mutrckmtks. Ouimhe kxcstk umi hckti
khctercid } okp
jili km oideráis sukdk skr grkoukmtk quk ipirkzoim oimtchihks hk oidoce cm`krche cmsugcockmtks sejrk tehe km aulkrks y kmtemoks biy quk supdkakmtir oem kstk acmkrid. Oeae merai `kmkrid hcrkaes quk hcktis hk akmes hk 9:>> Foid. _ukdkm skr hkgcoctircis km oidoce. Hkshk kd pumte hk vcsti hcktãtcoe quk ks kd quk tritiaes hk ksti pitede`ái km kstk ipirtihe de quk tritirkaes ks hk kmuakrir des hcvkrses gioterks mutrcocemidks quk pukhkm igkotir id rcks`e hk hksirreddir estkeperescs y dis rkoeakmhiocemks hcktãtcois piri kvctirde e id akmes pidcirde. Oem rkspkote id oidoce hkocr quk me sk bi hkaestrihe quk di cm`ksti idti hk oidoce pukhi prkvkmcr hcrkotiakmtk di kmgkrakhih, de quk sá ksté odire ks quk di cm`ksti cmsugcockmtk pukhk rkhuocr di aisi ÿski y giocdctir kd hksirredde hk di acsai. Xiajcãm rkoerhkaes quk di cmsugcockmoci hk oidoce sk pukhk hkjkr i umi cm`ksti akmer hk de hkjche e i umi aidi ijserocÿm hk ãstk. Di cm`ksti hk oidoce ks suaiakmtk capertimtk km des iùes hk orkocackmte, hurimtk kd kajirize y di diotimoci. Des gioterks y hcspemcjcdchih hk oidoce pukhkm skr< - Di vctiacmi H ks mkoksirci mkoksirci piri di ijserocÿm kgcoiz hkd oidoce, per de quk di quk ijserjiaes ijserjiaes i trivãs hk di pckd ks capertimtk piri ksti gumocÿm ihkaés hk di cm`krchi km des idcakmtes. i dcakmtes. - Kd gÿsgere, gÿsgere, km km oimtchihks kxokscvis pukhk skr pkrluhcocid piri kd kqucdcjrce hkd oidoce. - Dis pretkámis oeae tidks giocdctim di kdcacmiocÿm hk oidoce per di ercmi, pkre sukdkm ddkvir oemsc`e ioeapiùémhedis km des idcakmtes sustimocis quk iyuhim i quk me sk pckrhi kd oidoce, per de quk me tckmkm umi cmochkmoci mk`itcvi hkstioijdk. - Di gcjri gcjri hcktãtcoi hcktãtcoi pukhk hcsacmucr di hcspemcjcdchih hkd oidoce, cmbcjckmhe id`e di ijserocÿm, iumquk me sk bi hksorcte hãgcocts hk kstk acmkrid per cm`ksti idti hk gcjri, hk tehis aimkris biy quk tkmkr ouchihe oem dis oimtchihks idtis hk gcjri. - Di oigkámi cmorkakmti di pãrhchi hk oidoce oidoce i trivãs trivãs hk des rcùemks k cmtkstcme6 cmtkstcme6 umi oimtchih hk 9;> acdc`riaes hk oigkámi id hái cmorkakmti di kxorkocÿm urcmirci hk oidoce km umes ; acdc`riaes id hái. - Kd idoebed tiapeoe vi jckm piri di ijserocÿm ijserocÿm hkd oidoce. Aehkrk Aehkrk di cm`ksti. - Kd izüoir pirkok quk tckmk id`umes ispkotes ispkotes pesctcves km km di ijserocÿm hkd oidoce. - Des béjctes y kstcde kstcde hk vchi kmtrk des des quk hkstioim kd tijiqucsae y di cmiotcvchih quk me sem ispkotes hcktãtcoes pkre cmgduykm km di hcspemcjcdchih hkd oidoce mk`itcviakmtk. Kd tritiackmte hcktãtcoe tkmhré oeae ejlktcve kd prkvkmcr di pãrhchi ÿski. Km kd oise hk aulkrks pestakmepéuscois sk hkjkm cm`krcr mcvkdks aés idtes hk des rkoeakmhihes km kd ipirtihe oerrkspemhckmtk, hkd erhkm hk 9>>> i 9;>> acdc`riaes per hái. De quk sk bi vcste ks quk hcktis hk 8>> acdc`riaes hk oidoce km aulkrks pestakmepéuscois iokdkrim di pãrhchi ÿski. _k bi oemgcraihe quk ks hcgáocd ejtkmkr umi oimtchih ihkouihi hk oidoce ijserjcjdk i pirtcr hk des idcakmtes sc me sk oemsuakm dkobk e hkrcvihes déotkes. Km umi pkrsemi meraid idrkhkher hkd ?;% hkd oidoce hk déotkes y hkrcvihes sk ijserjk, duk`e des vk`ktidks hk beli esouri tckmkm oimtchihks cmtkrksimtks iumquk tckmkm exidites quk hcsacmuykm ksti ijserocÿm. Dis pkrsemis oem cmtedkrimoci i di diotesi pukhkm oujrcr dis mkokschihks oem supdkakmtes hk oidoce. Km kd ipirtihe oerrkspemhckmtk sk pukhkm vkr des idcakmtes rcoes km oidoce iumquk dis rkoeakmhiocemks `kmkridks sem sckaprk di idcakmtiocÿm rcoi km déotkes y hkrcvihes. Hkjkaes oemockmocir i dis pkrsemis, sejrk tehe i des aiyerks quk aehkrkm su cm`ksti hk oigã y iuakmtkm dis teais hk déotkes, iumquk me ski sÿde km gerai hk dkobk, tiajcãm des qukses sejrk tehe des grksoes (quk tckmkm akmes `risi) sem auy cmtkrksimtks piri sitcsgiokr dis mkokschihks hk oidoce.
khctercid } okp
F. Hcktis y Imkaci Di imkaci ks um tristerme km kd quk umi hkgcockmoci km kd tiaiùe e müakre hk krctreoctes e km di oimtchih hk bkae`dejcmi quk oemtckmkm, dcacti kd cmtkroiajce hk exá`kme y hcÿxche hk oirjeme kmtrk di sim`rk y dis oãdudis hk des tklches. Dis imkacis sk odiscgcoim sk`üm kd tiaiùe hk dis oãdudis y kd oemtkmche hk bkae`dejcmi km aioreoátcois, bcpeorÿacois-acoreoátcois y meraeorÿacois-meraeoátcois. Oisc tehis dis imkacis sem oiusihis per umi gidti hk mutrckmtks mkoksirces piri di sámtkscs meraid hk krctreoctes km pirtcoudir acmkridks oeae Bckrre, oejrk, zcmo y ai`mksce6 vctiacmis oeae di O, J7, éoche gÿdcoe, J9: y I y aioremutrckmtks oeae pretkámis.
Di ijserocÿm hkd bckrre ksté akhcitczihi per umi skrck hk gioterks quk sem< Kd tcpe hk bckrre, ks akler kd kxcstkmtk km oirmks relis, pksoihes y ivks y me ks tim jukme kd hk etris oirmks, bukves y idcakmtes hk erc`km vk`ktid. Kste ks hkjche i quk kstes idcakmtes tckmkm iacmeéoches quk iyuhim i su ijserocÿm.
Dis imkacis quk tckmkm aiyer prkvidkmoci sem dis quk tckmkm oeae oiusi prcmocpid di gidti hk bckrre km ktipis hk di vchi auy oiriotkrástcois oeae diotimtks, mcùes, ihedksokmtks, aulkrks km khih gãrtcd, `kstimtks y imocimes. Xiajcãm dis oirkmocis hk éoche gÿdcoe y hk vctiacmi J7 ipirkokm oem grkoukmoci. ^iri oemschkrir ksti pitede`ái hkshk kd pumte hk vcsti mutrcocemid hkjkaes pumtuidczir quk sediakmtk ks um oeihyuvimtk hkd tritiackmte gioudtitcve quk sk hã i ksti kmgkrakhih. Oeae tãracmes `kmkridks hkocr quk kd ejlktcve skré meraidczir y rkstctucr des hkpÿsctes hk bckrre, yi quk sc mes rkgkrkmociriaes sede i tritir des sc`mes y sámteais quk prehuok di kmgkrakhih. Kd prejdkai prcmocpid ks quk di cm`ksti hk bckrre ks hkgcoctirci piri auobis pkrsemis sejrk tehe piri aulkrks km khih gãrtcd quk tckmkm umis um is pãrhchis pkrcÿhcois capertimtks.
Ihkaés, sk oeapdcoi di sctuiocÿm oem di auy aidi ijserocÿm hkd bckrre quk yi octiaes km kd ipirtihe oerrkspemhckmtk. Ihkaés biy mutrckmtks e sustimocis quk ipirkokm km des idcakmtes y iyuhim i di ijserocÿm oeae ks kd oise hkd éoche isoÿrjcoe (vctiacmi O) quk giocdcti di ijserocÿm hkd bckrre e tiajcãm octir des timcmes, oirjemites, exidites, gesgites, tã... quk hcsacmuykm di ijserocÿm hk kstk bckrre y odire iumquk teakaes oimtchihks quk kstãm hkmtre hk di meraidchih, pehkaes tkmkr um hãgcoct hk ijserocÿm quk pukhi skr capertimtk. ^iri kvctir oem des idcakmtes kd hãgcoct hk bckrre sk pukhk oemsk`ucr oem supdkakmtes hcktãtcoes quk sckaprk tkmhrém quk skr prksorctes gioudtitcviakmtk, e kapdkimhe idcakmtes gertcgcoihes, kmrcqukoches, km bckrre quk ks aés bijctuid km kd tritiackmte hk di idcakmtiocÿm hk diotimtks y i mcvkd hk dis prcakris ktipis hk di vchi. Xiajcãm sk pukhkm skdkoocemir des idcakmtes i di beri hk cm`krcrdes, y isá sk pukhkm cmorkakmtir dis oirmks y pksoihes umches i di prkskmoci km dis oeachis hk vctiacmi O y kvctimhe um kxokse hk gcjri y hk id`umes vk`ktidks rcoes km exidites, isá oeae me teair auobe tã e oigã. Km etris imkacis oeae dis ak`idejdéstcois sukdk bijkr umi hkgcockmoci km vctiacmi J9: e km éoche gÿdcoe. Iquá kd prejdkai ks quk sk sukdk teair sugcockmtk vctiacmi J9: sejrk tehe km Kspiùi km des idcakmtes hk erc`km imcaid, y km dis oirmks km pirtcoudir, pkre scm kajir`e kd éoche gÿdcoe ks i vkoks hkgcoctirce. Zkoeakmhiaes quk sk teakm idcakmtes km des quk ijumhk kstk oeae dis bertidczis, vk`ktidks hk beli vkrhk, bá`ihe, kto., pkre per prksorcpocÿm gioudtitcvi tiajcãm sk pukhk rkgerzir di hckti oem um supdkakmte, id akmes hurimtk umi tkaperihi bisti quk sk meraidcokm des mcvkdks hk ãstk. Ouimhe biy hãgcoct hk vctiacmi J9: sk rkoeackmhi teair umi hckti rcoi km pretkámis, iumquk biy oises km quk kd gidde ski km kd gioter cmtrámskoe hk di vctiacmi y biyi quk tritirde oem géraioes.
khctercid } okp
Etres tcpes hk imkacis sem di prehuochi per hkgcockmoci hk oejrk, quk ks peoe grkoukmtk y quk sk hi km eoiscemks km mcùes quk ddkvim umi hckti kxoduscvi hk dkobk hk vioi e oem gÿraudis quk me tckmkm umi oimtchih sugcockmtk hk oejrk. Oem umi hckti ihkouihi km oejrk e hurimtk um tckape oem um supdkakmte km oejrk sukdk skr sugcockmtk. Etris oiusis hk imkaci pukhkm skr dis hkjchis i aidmutrcocÿm oidÿrcoe-pretkcoi hk di quk bkaes bijdihe y dis ddiaihis imkaci quk rkspemhk i di ihacmcstriocÿm hk pcrchexcmi (vctiacmi J7) y di quk rkspemhk i di ihacmcstriocÿm hk vctiacmi K, quk ks umi imkaci hk tcpe bkaedátcoe.
D. Hcktis y Dctciscs Zkmid Di dctciscs rkmid e di mkgredctciscs oemscstk km di geraiocÿm hk oédoudes rkmidks km dis váis urcmircis hkshk kd rcùÿm bisti kd rcùÿm y urãtkrks. Ksti geraiocÿm hk oédoudes suokhk ouimhe di oemokmtriocÿm hk des oeapemkmtks hk di ercmi idoimzi um mcvkd hk sejrksituriocÿm km kd quk ks capescjdk su sedujcdcziocÿm. Di situriocÿm hk di ercmi ksté oemhcocemihi per umi skrck hk gioterks deoidks, kmtrk des quk sk hkstioim di oemokmtriocÿm y kstihe cÿmcoe hk des sedutes giotcjdks hk orcstidczir, kd pB urcmirce, aehudiherks gcscoequáacoes piri di orcstidcziocÿm hk di ercmi, isá oeae tiajcãm kd kstihe hk bchritiocÿm oerperid y béjctes hcktãtcoes. Kstes gioterks pirtcocpim km kd iuakmte hk di oemokmtriocÿm hk des sedutes km di ercmi y quk cmhuokm i di geraiocÿm hk oédoudes km ercmi. Kd iuakmte hk di oemokmtriocÿm hk sedutes pukhk skr oiusihe per di rkhuoocÿm hk di hcurkscs (tkmckmhe oeae rksudtihe ercmis oemokmtrihis) y per kd iuakmte hk di kxorkocÿm hk sedutes oeae oidoce, exidite, éoche ürcoe, kto. S dis idtkriocemks gcscoequáacois sem prcmocpidakmtk dis virciocemks hkd pB urcmirce y di prkskmoci hk oukrpes kxtriùes. Des gioterks cmbcjcherks hk di orcstidcziocÿm urcmirci sem kd ai`mksce, kd zcmo, kd iduacmce, kd gdüer, des octrites y des pcregesgites. _c kstes cmbcjcherks gidtim km di ercmi, di sctuiocÿm ks giverijdk piri di orcstidcziocÿm. Des gioterks hcktãtcoes y prehuote hk di bchritiocÿm oerperid oemscstkm prcmocpidakmtk km des sedutes ipertihes per di hckti y sem kd oidoce, kd éoche exédcoe, kd éoche ürcoe y etres urites, di oimtchih hk dáquche (gumhiakmtid piri di sedujcdchih hk des sedutes) y kd petkmocid iochcgcoimtk hk hcobi ercmi (pB). Zkoerhimhe quk sc i umi seduocÿm km di quk kxcstkm hktkracmihi oimtchih y oemokmtriocÿm hk sedutes, sk dk iùihkm aés sedutes, sk orki um kstihe hk situriocÿm, himhe du`ir i di orcstidcziocÿm hk des sedutes. ^er de timte, des oédoudes rkmidks sukdkm kstir oemstctuches per gesgites, éoche ürcoe, éoche exédcoe, ocstcmi, sidks hk oidoce. Kd tritiackmte hk di dctciscs rkmid oemscstk km di itkmocÿm hk di scmteaitede`ái, di ejstruoocÿm y di pescjdk cmgkoocÿm, per akhce hk akhcoiocÿm y tritiackmte qucrür`coe sc ks mkoksirce. ^kre kd ejlktcve prcaerhcid hk di tkripci mutrcocemid oemscstk km kdcacmir, sc ks pescjdk, des gioterks hk rcks`e prkskmtks km di hckti cmochkmtks i di geraiocÿm hk oédoudes, y kvctir kd orkocackmte hk des oédoudes yi geraihes. Kste sk de`ri akhcimhe Biy trks pises gumhiakmtidks y `kmkridks piri dis mkgredctciscs< - Hcsacmuocÿm hk di kxorkocÿm kxorkocÿm rkmid hkd oeapemkmtk hk des oédoudes, akhcimtk akhcimtk su rkstrcoocÿm km di hckti y hcsacmuocÿm hk su ijserocÿm i mcvkd cmtkstcmid (utcdcziocÿm hk qukdimtks quk sem sustimocis quk sk dc`im i des oeapemkmtks hk des oédoudes y kvctim su ijserocÿm cmtkstcmid). - Ijumhimtk cm`kstcÿm hk dáquches. - Aehcgcoiocÿm hkd pB urcmirce sk`üm sk`üm kd tcpe hk oédoude (idoidcmcziocÿm e iochcgcoiocÿm). Akhcimtk di iochcgcoiocÿm hk di ercmi sk kvcti di geraiocÿm y/e orkocackmte hk oédoudes idoidcmes oeae
khctercid } okp
des gesgites y oirjemite hk oidoce. ^er etri pirtk umi ercmi oem pB idoidcme iotüi hk aimkri iméde`i sejrk di geraiocÿm hk oédoudes éoches oeae de sem kd éoche ürcoe, des exidites y di ocstcmi. Des idcakmtes hk umi hckti hktkracmim pirtk hkd pB urcmirce, hk ksti aimkri sk hkmeacmi —idcakmtes hk rkschue éoche‑ i iqukddes quk dk eter`im iochkz i di ercmi, yi quk kd rkschue hkspuãs hk su aktijedcsae iotüi oeae éoche. S des —idcakmtes hk rkschue idoidcme‑ sem iqukddes ouye oitijedcte sk oeaperti oeae idoidcmcziher hk di ercmi. Des idcakmtes hk rkschue éoche e idoidcme, tiajcãm sk des oemeok oeae idcakmtes hk okmczis éochis e idoidcmis, pukste quk sem des kdkakmtes acmkridks (i des quk sk dks ddiai —okmczis‑) hk des idcakmtes quk me sk qukaim km kd aktijedcsae y geraim um rkschue quk tkracmi per skr kxorktihe per kd cmtkstcme y per kd rcùÿm. - Idcakmtes oem oem rkschues éoches< Oirmks ‟ bukve ‟ qukses qukses - trc`e trc`e ‟ irrez irrez ‟ grutis skois ‟ ocrukdis grksois y hkskoihis. - Idcakmtes oem oem rkschues idoidcmes< idoidcmes< Dkobk ‟ bertidczis ‟ grutis grutis (kxokpte< (kxokpte< ocrukdis grksois grksois y skois) ‟ grutis grksois. - Idcakmtes oem oem rkschues mkutres< Izüoir Izüoir ‟ hudoks ‟ tã ‟ oigã oigã ‟ aimtkoi aimtkoi ‟ air`ircmi air`ircmi ‟ iokctks ‟ aiáz ‟ tipceoi. Xiajcãm, piri de`rir umi ercmi idoidcmi, sukdk iùihcrsk i di hckti, km gerai hk supdkakmte, jcoirjemite e octrite. @kmkridakmtk sk oemschkri di hckti oem aehcgcoiocÿm hkd rkschue oeae um oeapdkakmte hk di akhcoiocÿm, per de quk hcktetkripci y giraioetkripci hkjkm cmhcoirsk oemlumtiakmtk.
A. Hcktis y ^itede`ái @istrecmtkstcmid Km kd ipirite hc`kstcve y km `kmkrid km kd scstkai `istrecmtkstcmid, di ipircocÿm hk idtkriocemks ks grkoukmtk, cmoduse kmtrk di pejdiocÿm simi, ¡quk pehkaes hkocr hk di gditudkmoci quk sur`k km auobes hk mesetres km um aeakmte hihe y quk hi umi scmteaitede`ái quk i vkoks idirai! ^er etre dihe, id kxcstcr virces ÿr`imes quk kstém oemkxes kmtrk sá, di ktcede`ái pukhk skr oeapdkli. Hkshk kd pumte hk vcsti mutrcocemid, oeae ks kd vkbáoude miturid hk des idcakmtes km kd er`imcsae, pukhkm sur`cr sctuiocemks hcrkotiakmtk rkdiocemihis oem des idcakmtes km ouimte i des rkoeakmhijdks km oihi oise y des quk sk hkjkm kvctir.
i. Bkrmci hk Bcite y Zkgdule @istrekse @istreksegé`coe gé`coe Di bkrmci hk bcite prehuok des acsaes sámteais, per kse viaes i tritir des ispkotes hcktãtcoes oemlumtiakmtk. @kmkridakmtk dis pkrsemis quk tckmkm kstes prejdkais sk akhcoim oem imtcéoches. Hcktãtcoiakmtk oemschkrirkaes< - Hkspuãs hk oeakr, me sk pem`i km km pescocÿm berczemtid, berczemtid, y sc sc tckmk quk cr i di oiai, oiai, kspkrk um peoe. Hk tehis gerais id ioestirsk preourk tkmkr di oijkzi id`e kdkvihi sejrk kd rkste hkd oukrpe. - Des idcakmtes pukhkm erc`cmir rkgdule per virces aetcves oeae sem kd iuakmte hk di skorkocÿm skorkocÿm `éstrcoi, di rkdiliocÿm hkd ksgámtkr ksegé`coe, kd kgkote crrctimtk quk sk prehuzoi hcrkotiakmtk sejrk kd ksÿgi`e e umi idtkriocÿm hkd viociackmte `éstrcoe. Isá des idcakmtes quk sk hkjkm vc`cdir e kvctir sem< oigã, tã, jkjchis idoebÿdcois, sejrk tehe des dcoerks, des pcoimtks, des grctes, kd obeoeditk y des oátrcoes. _k hkjkm kvctir des idcakmtes auy oidckmtks e des auy gráes. Des bukves, dk`uajrks, des pksoihes izudks quk sem idcakmtes sckaprk rkoeakmhijdks iquá tiajcãm pkre km oimtchihks aehkrihis. - Des idcakmtes idcakmtes quk sk rkoeackmhim km kstes oises oises sem< des déotkes y hkrcvihes (qukse, kto.) pkre km sus gerais hksorkaihis prkgkrcjdkakmtk6 dis oirmks hk tkrmkri, pedde, hk oemkle, liaÿm hk
khctercid } okp
Serf y skrrime peoe sidihe6 des bukves km pkqukùi oimtchih y sejrk tehe km tertcddi6 vkrhuris pkre oeochis, me km oem segrcte mc sidsis. - Km oemlumte teak des idcakmtes akler i di pdimobi e bkrvches, y sc des grák bé`ide oem peoe iokctk y quk kstk ski suivk (>,8 hk iochkz). - Zkoukrhk quk km des ejkses di ipircocÿm hk kstes sámteais ks aés grkoukmtk, grkoukmtk, oem de quk id ihkd`izir hcsacmucrém des acsaes.
j. [dokri hk Kstÿai`e Ks umi kmgkrakhih hk oiusis vircihis oeae di cm`ksti hk id`üm tcpe hk géraioe, etris kmgkrakhihks beraemidks e di cmgkoocÿm hk umi jiotkrci hkmeacmihi —Bkdcoejiotkr ^cdery —. Km ouidquckri hk kddes kd prcakr sámteai quk ipirkok ks kd heder6 kmtemoks de prcakre quk tkmkaes quk biokr km kd tritiackmte hcktãtcoe ks oemsk`ucr quk di pkrsemi cm`ckri idcakmtes quk me dk d k viyim i prehuocr heder e quk iyuhkm i oidair kd quk sk prehuzoi, kste scm akmesoije hkd tritiackmte giraioedÿ`coe quk sk cmstiurk. Oeae piutis `kmkridks hkocr quk me sk hkjkm tkmkr hcktis auy kstrcotis pukste quk me oemsc`ukm umi aklerái odiri, iumquk me oijk huhi hk quk sc id prcmocpce di pkrsemi me tckmk `imis e dk ipirkok id`e hk ackhe id oeakr sk dk hkjk rkspktir ksi pruhkmoci, pkre km ouimte aklerk id`e sk hkskobiré ksti akhchi. De quk sá ks auy ioemsklijdk sem dis oeachis grkoukmtks y km pkqukùis oimtchihks. Xiajcãm sk hkjk oeakr hkspioce, scm prcsis, aistcoimhe jckm di oeachi y gclémhemes km de quk biokaes pukste quk tehes kstes gioterks iyuhirém id preokse hk di hc`kstcÿm. Des idcakmtes quk sk kvctirém per skr petkmocidakmtk pkrluhcocidks sem< dis sidsis hk oiréotkr éoche (oeae di hk teaitk), dis grutis éochis y sus zuaes, des oidhes hk oemokmtrihes hk oirmk, des okrkidks hk `rime kmtkre, dis oirmks quk skim hk tcpe gcjrese, dis grutis, vkrhuris y bertidczis quk kstãm oruhis, des kajutches, des pksoihes `rises, aircsoe, idoebed, tã, oigã, dis kspkocks, kd obeoeditk, y km `kmkrid des idcakmtes quk kstãm kdijerihes oem auobi sid e au obe izüoir. _cm kajir`e rkoeakmhirkaes quk sk teakm dkobk y sus hkrcvihes, iumquk akler prehuotes hksorkaihes y scm sid quk kmtkres e oem sid6 bukves quk kstãm pisihes per i`ui e km tertcddi6 dis oirmks hk tehe tcpe pkre quk skim tckrmis, quctémhedks di `risi y di pirtk gcjresi, ihkaés akler quk sk prkpirk i di pdimobi e bkrvchi quk grcti, tiajcãm kd liaÿm Serf ksté rkoeakmhihe6 des pksoihes quk skim jdimoes kstém tehes rkoeakmhihes pkre su prkpiriocÿm skré de aés suivk pescjdk, ks hkocr kvctémhesk des grctes e des `ucses auy kdijerihes. Des okrkidks sk pukhkm teair scm prejdkais, pkre de acsae quk bkaes oeakmtihe imtkrcerakmtk, prkpiriocemks suivks y sejrk tehe bkrvches. De acsae dk suokhk i di pititi. Dis grutis sk rkoeackmhim bkrvchis, e id berme iumquk biy id`umis oeae pkri, aimzimi quk sc dk `ustim oruhis me sukdkm oikr aid id kstÿai`e y i vkoks ks prkgkrcjdk i quk dis teakm km etris gerais aés kdijerihis quk me tckmkm timte prkhcoiakmte. Dis vkrhuris sk hkjkm teair sejrk tehe id prcmocpce km gerai hk purã y hkspuãs rkoerhir quk sk tckmkm quk aistcoir auobe, y prkgkrcjdkakmtk km gerai bkrvchi. Kd iokctk akler quk ski hk edcvi, y utcdczirkaes kd hk >,8 quk ks aés suivk y km kstk oise iumquk sckaprk kstiaes rkoeakmhimhe kd vcr`km kxtri, pukhk quk ski id`e aés crrctitcve piri di auoesi quk kd meraid per de quk hkjkaes vkr oeae de tedkri kd cmhcvchue piri vkr sc sk dk prkpiri di oeachi oem ume u etre. Hk tehis gerais km oise hk huhi, utcdcok kd >,8 meraid e sc de hkski id`ume hk etri skacddi, oeae kd hk `crised per klkapde. Di jkjchi sckaprk rkoeakmhihi ks kd i`ui6 y km ouimte i hudoks dis `iddktis odéscois tcpe Airái. Di gcjri ks kd oeapemkmtk hk des idcakmtes vk`ktidks quk dks oemgckrk rc`chkz y skmsiocÿm hk gcjreschih. Me sk ijserjk mc sk hc`ckrk pkre tckmk prepckhihks auy capertimtks piri kd er`imcsae.
khctercid } okp
o. @istrctc @istrctcss I`uhi y/e Orÿmcoi Dis oemschkriocemks hcktãtcois sem dis acsais quk km di üdokri iu mquk km kd oise hk `istrctcs orÿmcoi sk hkjk tkmkr um ouchihe kspkocid oem des idcakmtes auy `rises (dkobk kmtkri cmoduchi) puks sukdkm tedkrirsk aid. Km di `istrctcs i`uhi kd tritiackmte me hcgckrk hkd udokrese, iumquk des prcakres aeakmtes hkjk tiajcãm kvctirsk di dkobk perquk pukhk iyuhir i preveoir vÿactes.
h. Dctciscs Jcdcir Kd prejdkai prcmocpid ks di dctciscs jcdcir quk ks umi kmgkrakhih auy oiriotkrástcoi hk des piásks cmhustrcidczihes, de quk suokhk ks quk oeae sÿde di tkrokri pirtk hk dis pkrsemis quk de pihkokm tckmkm sámteais me sk dk hi i vkoks di sugcockmtk capertimoci. Km di hckti viaes i oemschkrir id`umis oiusis quk pukhkm skr hkskmoihkmimtks hk dctciscs y etris quk sk`uriakmtk iyuhim i kvctir ksti. Kmtrk dis giverkokheris kstém di ejkschih, umi pãrhchi répchi hk pkse km hcktis bcpeoidÿrcois hkaiscihe hréstcois, umchis i pkrcehes dir`es hk iyume, y hkaiscihes izüoirks scapdks km di hckti. Kmtrk dis quk hcsacmuykm di pescjcdchih hk pihkokr dctciscs kstém di cm`ksti kdkvihi hk gcjri, di vctiacmi O, kd oidoce y umi hescs aehkrihi hk idoebed, sejrk tehe km gerai hk vcme tcmte. _c bijdiaes hk idcakmtes quk skim ioemsklijdks e me hkmtre hk ksti pitede`ái tkmhrkaes quk rkoeakmhir< dkobk y sus hkrcvihes, pkre akler dis gerais hksorkaihis e skac6 kd irrez, dis pistis,kd pim y dis `iddktis hkmtre hk des okrkidks6 me teak hkaiscihis dk`uajrks y prkgkrcjdk scm pckd 6 dis pititis bkrvchis, c`uid quk dis grutis, iumquk hk kstis sk pukhk teair oruhis dis quk me prehuokm `isks quk sem gumhiakmtidakmtk aimzimi, akdÿm y simhái6 dis vkrhuris kstém rkoeakmhihis sidve dis gditudkmtis(oed, oedcgder, idoiobegis, idoiobegis, mijes, okjeddi) y dis quk sk hc`ckrkm oem hcgcoudtih oeae pcackmte, pkpcme6 dis oirmks sc sem ai`ris y me ddkvim `risi sk iokptim, isá oeae kd liaÿm Serf, y de acsae hkocaes hk des pksoihes, des jdimoes kstém rkoeakmhihes y des `rises me. Dis kdijeriocemks hkjkm skr de aés scapdks pescjdks y km ouimte i jkjchis, yi bkaes hcobe imtks kd isumte hkd vcme y me tckmk quk jkjkr mihi quk peski `is pukste quk me dk vi jckm i ksti pitede`ái. Des idcakmtes quk hkjkm kvctirsk sem dis oirmks `risis oeae oerhkre y okrhe, des kajutches, des bukves (sc des teai auy peoi oimtchih y pisihe per i`ui e km tertcddi), des pksoihes izudks y des aircsoes, dis sidsis, kspkocis, orkais, iokctumis, grutes skoes, pistkdks, oeae bkaes oeakmtihe imtks des idcakmtes gditudkmtes.... Ximte per kxokse oeae per hkgkote km di hckti dis kmgkrakhihks hkd bá`ihe pukhkm ip irkokr e i`rivirsk. Jckm ks ockrte quk km des piásks hksirreddihes kd kxokse hk idcakmtiocÿm peoe simi isá oeae umi cm`ksti kdkvihi e auy kdkvihi hk idoebed pkrluhcoim di kveduocÿm e giocdctim di ipircocÿm hk kstk tcpe hk pitede`áis, hklimhe piri des piásks aés hksgiverkoches di prkskmoci hk kstis per umi aidi e ksoisi mutrcocÿm.
k. Kmgkrakhih Okdcioi Oemvckmk octir id`umes ispkotes km di hcktãtcoi hk di cmtedkrimoci id `dutkm piri dis pkrsemis quk de pihkzoim e de quk ks aés bijctuid piri des pihrks quk tckmkm quk cmstiurir umi hckti piri sus bcles oem kstis oiriotkrástco oiriotkrástcois. is. Bi`iaes umi odiscgcoiocÿm hk des idcakmtes quk oemtckmkm y m e oemtckmkm `dutkm, iùihckmhe y kste ks capertimtk id`umes idcakmtes quk prejijdkakmtk de oemtkm`im, de pem`i e me kd ktcquktihe oerrkspemhckmtk. oerrkspemhckmtk.
khctercid } okp
• Idcakmtes oem `dutkm< - Bircmi hk trc`e, okrkidks okrkidks testihes testihes (sidve (sidve des hk aiáz y irrez), bircmis cmgimtcdks (sidve dis quk pem`i scm `dutkm), pim, jeddes, jcsoetks, pistis idcakmtcocis, `iddktis y tehe tcpe hk pistkdks bkobes oem bircmis hk trc`e, obeoeditk, sepis hk sejrk, oirmks kapimihis yi prkpirihis, jkjchis quk oemtkm`im aidti. - Kajutches, sidsi sidsi hk teaitk, teaitk, aiyemksi aiyemksi (sidve di oiskri, odire), pksoihes pksoihes oem`kdihes, oem`kdihes, kspérri`es km diti, id`umes oigãs cmstimtémkes, id`umis vkrhuris oem`kdihis, id`umis airois hk izüoir y id`umes akhcoiakmtes.
• Me oemtckmkm `dutkm per de quk sk pukhkm teair trimqucdiakmtk< - Irrez, aiáz, dk`uajrks, oirmks, oirmks, pksoihes grksoes, bukves, dkobk y sus hkrcvihes, vkrhuris grksois, iokctk, aimtkqucddi, air`ircmi, liaÿm skrrime y tehes des idcakmtes tcpe pim e `iddktis quk kstãm ktcquktihes oeae me oemtkmckmhe `dutkm per bijkrsk oemgkoocemihe oem okrkidks kxkmtes hk `dutkm (irrez, aiáz) y/e seli.
g. @isks Ijheacmidk Ijheacmidkss Kd tritiackmte hcktãtcoe sk jisi km kvctir iqukddes idcakmtes quk cmorkakmtkm di prehuoocÿm hk `is cmtkstcmid e iqukddes quk sk bi hkaestrihe km kd piockmtk quk kstém rkdiocemihes oem di prehuoocÿm hk `is e aktkercsaes. Xiajcãm sk hkjkm iseocir iqukddis oemhuotis quk ddkvkm di hk`duocÿm hk icrk iseocihis. Dis gerais km quk meraidakmtk m eraidakmtk sk aimcgckstim des `isks sem< per um kruote kxokscve, aedkstcis ijheacmidks per hcstkmscÿm (auy grkoukmtks) e per gditudkmocis (kxpudscÿm hk `isks hkd oedem). Km oemhcocemks meraidks kd `is quk sk prehuok ks auy peoe y ipirkok per kd icrk hk`dutche, per kd quk sk prehuok y kd quk vckmk hkd terrkmtk ocrouditerce sckmhe di ikregi`ci (kd icrk hk`dutche) di oiusi prcmocpid. Kd tritiackmte hcktãtcoe tckmk kstes ispkotes gumhiakmtidks< - Hcsacmucr des idcakmtes gditudkmtes< gditudkmtes< Oeae Oeae sem luháis vkrhks, luháis, `ucsimtks, `ucsimtks, dkmtklis, rkpedde, réjimes, oedks hk Jruskdis, oedcgder, jrãoed, pkpcme, obuorut, ocrukdis pisis, aimzimis, pdétimes, idcakmtes déotkes, khudoerimtks hcktãtcoes (tcpe serjcted, aimcted, kto.), grcturis, sidsis orkaesis, pistis, kto...Me quckrk hkocrsk hkocrsk quk me sk teakm kstes idcakmtes pkre sá quk rkoerhkaes quk sem des aés susokptcjdks hk gerairmes `isks. - Oerrcliaes béjctes idcakmtirces idcakmtirces quk sem gukmtk hk icrk hk`dutche< Hk`duocÿm Hk`duocÿm grkoukmtk grkoukmtk y auy rkctkrihi hk hkmtihuris pestczis aid ilustihis, aistcoir `eai (obcodks), jkjkr i pkqukùes serjes, oeakr auy hkprcsi km`uddkmhe idcakmtes y jkjchis, ispcrir hk pilctis, jetkddis hk oukdde kstrkobe, obupir hk oc`irrcddes, pures y pcpis, teair auobis jkjchis oirjemitihis y miti aemtihi. - Xkmkr ouchihe oem kd kstrãs y di cmiotcvchih cmiotcvchih quk tiajcãm iyuhim i di prehuoocÿm hk `isks.
khctercid } okp
`. Oedem Crrctijdk Kd Oedem Crrctijdk ks umi idtkriocÿm hkd cmtkstcme km quk ipirkok heder ijheacmid, pksihkz e hcstkmscÿm ijheacmid y idtkriocÿm hkd rctae cmtkstcmid (pukhk bijkr kstrkùcackmte e hcirrki).
_k rkoeackmhim oeachis peoe oepcesis, oem um rctae grkoukmtk, quk me skim rcois km `risis y iumquk me kxcstkm idcakmtes quk sk pukhim octir oeae kspkoágcoes hk prehuocr kstk sámhreak perquk km oihi pkrsemi ipirkokm sctuiocemks kspkoágcois, km `kmkrid sk pukhkm oemschkrir oeae, id akmes, prejdkaétcoes oátrcoes, pititis, okjeddi, obeoeditk, bukves, idoebed, oigã y grutes skoes. Xiajcãm dis jkjchis oem `is pirkok quk me vim jckm isá oeae di cm`ksti kdkvihi hk gruotesi (ouchihe dis pkrsemis quk teaim auobi gruti y prkskmtim kstes sámteais). Ipirtk hk kstis oiutkdis, sk rkoeackmhi di cm`ksti hk gcjri oem umi cm`ksti ihkouihi k capertimtk hk i`ui. ^er de hkaés hkshk mukstre pumte hk vcsti vc`cdkaes kstes idcakmtes y pkmskaes quk kd rctae hk v chi (kstrãs, prcsis, skhkmtircsae, kto...) tckmk tiajcãm auobe quk hkocr km kstis sctuiocemks.
b. Kstrkùcac Kstrkùcackmte kmte ^iri bijdir hk kstrkùcackmte oemschkrirkaes um rctae hk akmes hk trks vkoks per skaimi (sc di grkoukmoci ks di oemschkrihi bijctuid hk umi vkz per hái) oem bkoks auy oemscstkmtks y oem ksgukrzes capertimtks km di hkgkoiocÿm). _k pukhk oemschkrir umi hckti meraid y bijctuid km id`umes hk des ispkotes oeae pukhk skr di oeapescocÿm hk aioremutrckmtks, hk sid e hk idoebed (oeae sckaprk aehkrihe) y umi cm`ksti idti hk gcjri hcktãtcoi, hk umes ?>-?; `riaes/hái tkmhckmhe i di ocgri supkrcer. Me sk hkjk ijusir hk dis oirmks, trks vkoks per skaimi y prkgkrcjdkakmtk ai`ris, sckmhe di hk pedde scm pckd di akler6 pksoihes hk tehe tcpe, um oemsuae rizemijdk hk :-? bukves per skaimi6 iokctk vcr`km hk edcvi, peoes jeddes y hudoks y jkjkr auobi i`ui (: dctres id hái). Lumte i kste cm`krcr jistimtk gruti oruhi (km zuaes bi pkrhche di gcjri) okrkidks cmtk`ridks, bertidczis, vkrhuris, ks hkocr idcakmtes oem auobi gcjri.
c. Hcirrki _k pukhk oemschkri oeae kd iuakmte hk di grkoukmoci, veduakm e gduchkz hk dis hkpescocemks. _k pukhk bijdir hk hes tcpes quk mes cmtkrkskm piri kd tritiackmte hcktãtcoe< dis i`uhis, sc hurim akmes hk hes skaimis y dis orÿmcois sc hurim aés hk hes skaimis. - Dis i`uhis sc kapckzim hk umi aimkri aimkri kspkotioudir kspkotioudir hkjkm hkjkm tkmkr umi hckti ijseduti km dis prcakris 9:-:8 beris oem umi jukmi rkpescocÿm hk dáquches quk pukhkm skr km gerai hk i`ui hk irrez, i`ui oem sidks acmkridks y `duoesi y um viscte hk tã oihi 8 beris (scm izüoir). Hkspuãs sk pukhk pisir i irrez bkrvche oihi ?-8 beris y pedde e pksoihe bkrvche (peoe). Id sc`uckmtk hái, kd tkrokre iprexcaihiakmtk sk pukhk cmtrehuocr um ye`ur, um jcsoetk, umi pititi bkrvchi, liaÿm hk Serf, id`umi aimzimi e pkri bkrvchis, akajrcdde, piri pisir id oije hk ksk tckape y sc kd preokse sk bi grkmihe e vi km grimoi aklerái i umi hckti quk pukhk skr< - Km kd oise oise hk dis hcirrkis orÿmcois orÿmcois hkjkaes aimtkmkr umi hckti quk ski ski oeae di kxpuksti piri kd oise i`uhe hkspuãs hk pisir di prcakri gisk y akler oeae sk bi hktiddihe km des preokses km grimoi aklerái, tkmckmhe km oukmti quk km kstes oises sckaprk vi ioeapiùihe hk id`umi piuti giraioedÿ`coi per pirtk hkd gioudtitcve.
khctercid } okp
M. Hcktis e Éoche Ürcoe e @eti Dis purcmis sk geraim meraidakmtk km kd er`imcsae hurimtk di gisk hkstruoocÿm hk dis muodkepretkámis. Km id`umes oises, km pirtcoudir km preokses hk erc`km `kmãtcoe, kmtrk des quk ksté cmoduche di `eti, tckmhkm i iouaudirsk y hkpesctim kd éoche ürcoe, quk ks umi purcmi rkditcviakmtk cmsedujdk, km gerai hk sidks quk sem des urites, y kstes tckmkm umi gerai hk orcstidks idir`ihes y pumtci`uhes quk sk odivim km des hkhes hk des pcks y km etris irtcoudiocemks preveoimhe um heder km eoiscemks auy cmtkmse. Km bcpkrurcokacis me auy skvkris di hckti umchi i umi jukmi bchritiocÿm (ks hkocr teaimhe auobi i`ui) pukhk skr sugcockmtk piri idoimzir viderks hk éoche ürcoe hkmtre hk di meraidchih, pkre km etris eoiscemks ouimhe kd aktijedcsae purámcoe ksté auy igkotihe, me sÿde ks mkoksirci di hckti scme quk hkjk cr ioeapiùihi hk tritiackmte giraioedÿ`coe. Kd pkse hkjk cmtkmtir aimtkmkrsk km umes viderks quk sk pukhim oemschkrir siduhijdks puhcãmhesk teair oeae rkgkrkmoci hk umi gerai `kmkrid des viderks akhces hkd ámhcok hk aisi oerperid (C.A.O.) quk sk pukhk oidoudir km kd ipirtihe oerrkspemhckmtk. Hemhk sá sk hkjk tkmkr auobe ouchihe ks km kd oise hk pkrsemis ejksis y quk tkm`im bcpkrurcokaci, quk per etre dihe me ks tim cmgrkoukmtk, pukste quk umi hckti auy bcpeoidÿrcoi pukhk kdkvir kd éoche ürcoe y ddkvirmes i umi orcscs `etesi, km hkgcmctcvi km di bcpkrurcokaci sk hkjk tkmkr auy prkskmtk kd bkobe hk quk kxcsti umi ejkschih puks kd tritiackmte hkjk skr me hkaiscihe kstrcote km ouimte i di kmkr`ái quk hkjk tkmkr di hckti. Di cm`ksti hk aioremutrckmtks hkjk skr di sc`uckmtk< - Oirjebchrites< 7>% -7;% hkd hkd tetid (me hkjk pisir pisir hk 9>% hk scapdks, kd rkste oeapdkles) - @risis< :;-?>% hkd tetid Hk kddi 9;-92% aemecmsiturihi (km gerai hk iokctk hk edcvi prcmocpidakmtk), ;-0% pedccmsiturihi y kd rkste, 0-2%, siturihi. - ^retkámi< 9>% hkd tetid. - Gcjri hcktãtcoi< _k hkjk teair umi oimtchih oimtchih hk:;-?> hk:;-?> `riaes `riaes id hái. - Oedkstkred< Me sk hkjk sejrkpisir des ?>> acdc`riaes/hái - _id< Me teak aés hk ? `riaes id hái - Idoebed< Hkjk tkmkr um oemsuae auy aehkrihe y me sejrkpisir sejrkpisir des :; `riaes/hái y akler hk vcme tcmte quk hk jdimoe. _c teai okrvkzi me ijusk hk kddi iumquk tckmk akmes idoebed y me jkji dcoerks hk idti `rihuiocÿm (rem, `cmkjri, wbcsfy, kto.). ^iri kapkzir, oem kd pim me tckmk mcm`üm prejdkai, iumquk me hkjk ijusir hk kstk idcakmte y km kstk oise iumquk tckmk auobi gcjri biy quk dcactir kd pim cmtk`rid per su oemtkmche km purcmis. Oem kd rkste hk des okrkidks me biy prejdkais km ouimte i su oemsuae, iumquk kd sidvihe hk trc`e y di bircmi hk ivkmi hkjkm dcactirsk km su oemsuae. Oem dis vkrhuris, bertidczis y grutis bi`iaes dis sidvkhihks sc`uckmtks< Obiapcùemks, oedcgder, kspérri`es, kspcmiois. `ucsimtks y teaitks hkjkm teairsk pkre me km `rimhks oimtchihks per dis purcmis quk oemtckmkm. Kd rkste me tckmkm mcm`üm prejdkai, pukhk teair dis quk quckri. Oem dis oirmks, km `kmkrid sk hkjk dcactir su oemsuae pkre sejrk tehe sk hkjk kvctir oeakr< oizi, bá`ihe (hk tkrmkri y hk oerhkre), aeddklis, rcùemks, skses, oirmk reli y sidsis hk oirmk y sk hkjk dcactir des etres tcpes hk oirmks per des oemtkmches km purcmis. Des kajutches hkjkm kvctirsk y km tehe oise oeai id`e hk liaÿm. Oem rkspkote i des pksoihes, hkjkm kvctirsk dis imobeis, irkmquks, sirhcmis, aklcddemks y vckcris per su idte oemtkmche km purcmis y teairsk oem auobi aehkriocÿm des aircsoes y kd rkste hk pksoihes timte hk air oeae hk ráe. Des bukves me hkjkm supkrir des
khctercid } okp
trks per skaimi. Di dkobk y sus hkrcvihes me tckmkm prejdkais pkre sc biy prejdkais hk ejkschih sk hkjkm teair des prehuotes skac e hksorkaihes. Oem dis dk`uajrks biy quk teair oem ockrtis dcactiocemks pukste quk des oemtkmches sem id`e idtes, me sk hkjk ijusir hk kddis. Des iokctks y `risis me tckmkm mcm`umi dcactiocÿm kspkocid sidve di oidÿrcoi y sk hkjk oemsuacr prkgkrkmtkakmtk iokctk vcr`km kxtri hk edcvi i des hkaés. _c dk rksudti auy gukrtk hk sijer utcdcok kd hk edcvi hk >,8 Des bkdihes, jeddes, pistkdks y kstk tcpe hk idcakmtes hkjkm teairsk oem aehkriocÿm iumquk me peskim purcmis. Hkmtre hk dis jkjchis me idoebÿdcois (hk dis etris yi bkaes bijdihe imtks) sk tckmk quk biokr bcmoipcã km di mkokschih hk teair i`ui km `rimhks oimtchihks piri iuakmtir di hcurkscs y isá kdcacmir di aiyer oimtchih pescjdk hk urites. Di oimtchih hcirci quk sk rkoeackmhi esocdi kmtrk des :,; y des trks dctres. Me caperti quk kd i`ui ski id`e idoidcmi (per klkapde oem `is, iumquk me teak tehi isá) perquk iyuhi idoidcmczir di ercmi y hcsukdvk akler des urites. Biy quk petkmocir kd klkrococe sejrk tehe imhir, e mitiocÿm pkre me oem `rimhks ksgukrzes, sejrk tehe id prcmocpce y rkoukrhk quk sc suhi auobe, hkjk teair tehivái aés i`ui puks vi i pkrhkr auobi km kd klkrococe y di pescjcdchih p escjcdchih hk quk kd éoche ürcoe sk oemokmtrk ks aiyer.
Ksqukai :;
IOX[IOCEMK_ HK KMGKZAKZÁI KM BE_^CXIDC\IOCßM. ^ZEOKHCACKMXE_ S XÃOMCOI_ AÉ_ GZKO[KMXK_ Kmgkrakhih y bespctidcziocÿm Bespctid Kmgequk akoimcocsti hk kmgkrakhih ^reokse hk bespctidcziocÿm
Capiote hkd oiajce y kstrãs Kstrãs Kstrãs oeae rkspuksti gcscedÿ`coi Gisk hk idirai Gisk hk rkscstkmoci Gisk hk i`etiackmte Kstrãs oeae preokse oe`mctcve I`kmtks kstrksimtks Gioterks prkhcspemkmtks Hkd prepce ioemtkocackmte Hk di pkrsemi ^rkhcspemkmtks jcedÿ`coes ^rkhcspemkmtks pscoedÿ`coes ^rkhcspemkmtks seoceoudturidks
Igremtiackmte Igremtiackmte hcrkote Akoimcsaes hkgkmscves Mk`iocÿm ^reykoocÿm Zk`rkscÿm Hkspdiziackmte Geraiocÿm rkiotcvi Zkprkscÿm Chkmtcgcoiocÿm Ziocemidcziocÿm _ujdcaiocÿm Oeapkmsiocÿm Icsdiackmte (hcstimoci kaeocemid)
Ihiptiocÿm< rkspukstis ihiptihis y hksihiptihis Zkspukstis ihiptihis Zkspukstis hksihiptihis
Zkspukstis kaeocemidks grkmtk di kmgkrakhih Hkpkmhkmoci-cmhkpkmhkmoci Kspkrimzi-hkskspkrimzi Gdkxcjcdchih-rc`chkz Oudpi Cri
Wideriocÿm y ipdcoiocÿm km des ouchihes hk kmgkrakrái Zkspuksti hk di pkrsemi imtk di kmgkrakhih ^rcakres sámteais imtk di kmgkrakhih Iokptiocÿm hkd red Dk`ctcacziocÿm hkd red Oemtiote oem kd kqucpe hk siduh Zkseduocÿm hk prejdkai Di kmgkrakhih, gkmÿakme rk`rkscve Capiote km di giacdci Gioterks quk idtkrim hcméacoi giacdcir Bijcdchihks y oipiochihks Iotctuhks piri giverkokr di ihiptiocÿm km kd bespctid Iotctuhks Zkoemeokr y ddiair i des piockmtks per su meajrk Kxprksir tkrmuri bioci des piockmtks Zkspkte i di dcjkrtih hkd piockmtk Giocdctir dis rkdiocemks kmtrk kd piockmtk y kd pkrsemid simctirce Ipdcoiocÿm hk des ouchihes hk kmgkrakrái Wideriocÿm hkd kstihe kaeocemid hkd piockmtk Ejlktcves hk des ouchihes hk kmgkrakrci Hci`mÿstcoes hk kmgkrakrái. Kmgkrakhih-Bespctidcziocÿm Cmtkrvkmocemks hk kmgkrakrái Chkmtcgcoiocÿm hk des kstrkserks Kdcacmir e rkhuocr des kstrkserks Hksirredde hk akoimcsaes kgkotcves
M[XZCOCßM I^DCOIHI S HCKXEXKZI^CI Mutrcocÿm ipdcoihi Cmtrehuoocÿm Oemokptes<< Mutrcocÿm, Idcakmtiocÿm y Hckti Oemokptes Mutrcocÿm Ipdcoihi
Hcktetkripci Cmtrehuoocÿm Zkqucsctes Mutrcocemidks Xritiackmte Xritiackm te Mutrcocemid Hcktetkripci y Hcktis Xkripãutcois Idkr`ci k Cmtedkrimoci Idcakmtirci Mutrcocÿm y gioterks hk Zcks`e Oirhcevisoudir Cmtrehuoocÿm Gioterks Hk Zcks`e Oirhcevisoudir Xritiackmte Mutrcocemid @risis Oirmks y ^ksoihes Bukves y Déotkes Okrkidks Grutis y Wkrhuris Hcktis y di Bcpkrtkmscÿm Hcktis km dis Bcpkrdcpkacis Hcktis km di Hcijktks Hcktis y Estkeperescs Hcktis y Imkaci. Hcktis y Dctciscs Zkmid Hcktis y ^itede`ái @istrecmtkstcmid @istrecmtkstcmid Bkrmci hk Bcite y Zkgdule @istre-Ksegé`coe [dokri hk Kstÿai`e @istrctcs I`uhi y/e Orÿmcoi Dctciscs Jcdcir Kmgkrakhih Okdcioi @isks Ijheacmidks Oedem Crrctijdk
Kstrkùcackmte Hcirrki
Hcktis e Éoche Ürcoe e @eti