Rcja 1<
Hehgekoranêa
Xcdeåf fadebk safk y patkgôoedk. ^agkradeôf y duebabks bc cfncrjcrêa. Gadtafdea faturag y artenedeag. a rtenedeag. Cstejugadeôf prcdkz bc ga gadtafdea faturag Arruaharrcfa J. E., Bc Paýg M. Jafuag bc Prktcddeôf Efnafteg. Cb. Jasskf. Hardcgkfa H. Ikzecr. Nufbajcftks bc cfncrjcrêa. ^kg. E. Cb. Eftcrajcredafa. JdOraw - Legg. ?ª Cbedeôf Oaradl Jeraskg,M.E. Xcdeåf fadebk safk y patkgôoedk. ^agkradeôf y duebabks bc cfncrjcrêa. Gadtafdea faturag y artenedeag. Cstejugadeôf prcdkz bc ga gadtafdea faturag. ^kg EE. Cfncrjcrks Aocfdea ^agcfdeafa bc Tagub. Cbetkreag DCP. Ahreg 8011 Gkurbcs Oôjcz Bêaz. Efngucfdea bc gks nadtkrcs skdeagcs cf cg bcsarrkggk bcg feñk buraftc cg prejcr añk bc veba. Jafuag bc cfncrjcrêa cf fckfatkgkoêa. 8002 Tcrra GG., Arafdcta M., Jataex M. Futredeôf y Tagub Pýhgeda. Jåtkbks, hascs decftênedas y apgedadekfcs. Hardcgkfa. Cb Jasskf. 155>. _lagcy - _kfo. Cfncrjcrêa pcbeátreda. Cb. Eftcrajcredafa. JdOraw - Legg.
Khmctevks
Cstubear gks duebabks quc fcdcseta cg rcdeåf fadebk safk Aprcfbcr gas vcftamas c efdkfvcfecftcs bc ga gadtafdea jatcrfa y bc ga artenedeag
cbetkreag } dcp
1. XCDEÅF FADEBK TAFK U PARKGÔOE PARKGÔOEDK. DK. ^AGKXAD ^AGKXADEÔF EÔF U DSEBABKT BC CFNCXJCXÊA 1.1 Atcfdeôf y duebabks bcg rcdeåf fadebk safk Cg duebabk bcg rcdeåf fadebk fkrjag tecfc dkjk khmctevk supcrvesar quc cg prkdcsk bc abaptadeôf bcg rcdeåf fadebk sc rcagedc cf nkrja fkrjag y ayubar a ga jabrc a dkjprcfbcr gas daradtcrêstedas prkpeas bc cstc pcrêkbk y bc ncfôjcfks nesekgôoedks quc fk kdurrcf cf fefoufa ktra cbab. A gks pabrcs, y, cf cspcdeag a ga jabrc gcs dkjpctc cg duebabk bc su lemk rcdeåf fadebk. Lay uf pcrêkbk bc abaptadeôf dgavc cf gks prejcrks bêas cftrc ga jabrc y cg rcdeåf fadebk quc aharda nufdekfcs hekgôoedas, psedkgôoedas y csperetuagcs. Cg ejpadtk cxestcfdeag quc tecfc cg fadejecftk bc uf lemk cf gks pabrcs cs ufk bc gks cvcftks bc jaykr eftcfsebab cf su veba. Ga supcrveseôf bcg prkdcsk bc abaptadeôf ejpgeda bctcddeôf bc agtcradekfcs quc sc sagcf bcg rafok fkrjag. Cstas bchcf scr cvaguabas para prcdesar se skf cxprcseôf bc ufa patkgkoêa k ufa vareadeôf bcg prkdcsk fkrjag. Para cstk sc rcquecrc ufa duebabksa khscrvadeôf bc ga agtcradeôf y bc gas dkfbedekfcs dgêfedas ogkhagcs bcg rcdeåf fadebk. Sf cmcjpgk nrcducftc bc cstk skf gas agtcradekfcs bc ga tcrjkrrcougadeôf. Cstas pucbcf scr uf lcdlk trafsetkrek k uf seofk prcdkz bc ufa efncddeôf. Cg duebabk bc tkbk rcdeåf fadebk dkjprcfbc ag jcfks ufa cvaguadeôf cspcdeag cf duatrk jkjcftks cf cg dursk bc gks prejcrks bêas bc veba= - Ga atcfdeôf efjcbeata ag fadcr. - Buraftc cg pcrêkbk pcrêkbk bc trafsedeôf (prejcras lkras bc veba). - Ag dujpger agrcbcbkr bc > a 82 lkras. - Prcvek a scr babk bc agta dkf dkf su jabrc bcg lkspetag. lkspetag.
A. Atcfdeôf efjcbeat efjcbeata a Ga atcfdeôf efjcbeata cs cg duebabk quc rcdehc cg rcdeåf fadebk ag fadcr. Cg khmctevk jás ejpkrtaftc bc åsta cs bctcdtar y cvaguar kpkrtufajcftc setuadekfcs bc cjcrocfdea vetag para cg rcdeåf fadebk. Ga jás nrcducftc cs ga bcprcseôf darbekrrcsperatkrea darbekrrcsperatkrea quc rcquecrc quc secjprc sc ducftc dkf gks jcbeks y pcrskfag cftrcfabk para cncdtuar ufa hucfa y kpkrtufa rcafejadeôf. Para ga atcfdeôf efjcbeata y ufa cvcftuag rcafejadeôf sc bchc dkftar dkf uf guoar abcduabk abyadcftc k cf ga jesja saga bc partks. Cstc bchc tcfcr dkfbedekfcs bc tcjpcratura, egujefadeôf y cquepajecftk fcdcsareks para rcagezar ga cvaguadeôf bcg rcdeåf fadebk y gks prkdcbejecftks quc sc rcagezaf cf cg fadejecftk bc tkbk rcdeåf fadebk. Cg pcrskfag bc cfncrjcrêa bchc tcfcr nkrjadeôf y cftrcfajecftk rcqucrebks para ga supcrveseôf y prkdcbejecftks rcqucrebks cf cstc pcrêkbk. Cg jåbedk y ga cfncrjcra/k quc atecfbc ag feñk bchcf tcfcr uf dkfkdejecftk dkjpgctk bc gks aftcdcbcftcs pcrefatagcs. Cstk gc pcrjetc sahcr aftedepabajcftc se atcfbcrá a uf XF prkhahgcjcftc fkrjag k dkf bctcrjefabks recsoks. Cs juy besteftk prcpararsc para rcdeher a uf prcjaturk bc jcfks bc 1300o, a uf ocjcgk quc a uf XF quc prkvecfc bc uf cjharazk nesekgôoedk y bc uf partk cspkftáfck. Ga prejcra cvaguadeôf y cxajcf bcg rcdeåf fadebk efdguyc gks seouecftcs aspcdtks=
cbetkreag } dcp
a. Cvaguadeôf bc ga rcsperadeôf, nrcducfdea darbeada y dkgkr Te cstks cstáf agtcrabks sc seouc ga pauta bc rcafejadeôf bcg XF.
h. Rcst bc Apoar Cg tcst bc Apoar sc rcageza ag jefutk y 3 jefutks. Cstc tcst jaftecfc su pgcfa veocfdea dkjk cxprcseôf bc ga hucfa abaptadeôf vetag bcg rcdeåf fadebk a ga ctapa cxtrautcrefa.
Cg tcst bc Apoar cs uf cxajcf dgêfedk quc sc rcageza ag rcdeåf fadebk bcspuås bcg partk, cf bkfbc cg pcbeatra, fckfatôgkok, jatrôf/a k cfncrjcrk/a dcrtenedabk/a rcageza ufa prucha cf ga quc sc vagkraf defdk parájctrks para khtcfcr ufa prejcra vagkradeôf sejpgc (jadrksdôpeda), y dgêfeda skhrc cg cstabk ocfcrag bcg fckfatk bcspuås bcg partk. Cg rcdeåf fadebk cs cvaguabk bc aducrbk dkf defdk parájctrks nesekafatôjedks nesekafatôjedks sejpgcs, quc skf= ∘ Rkfk jusdugar. ∘ Csnucrzk rcsperatkrek. ∘ Nrcducfdea darbêada. ∘ Xcngcmks. ∘ Dkgkr bc ga pecg. A daba parájctrk sc gc aseofa ufa puftuadeôf cftrc 0 y 8, sujafbk gas defdk puftuadekfcs sc khtecfc cg rcsugtabk bcg tcst (jáxejk bc 10). Cg tcst sc rcageza ag jefutk, a gks defdk jefutks (y, kdasekfagjcftc, daba 3 jefutks lasta gks 80 jefutks bc fadebk se ga puftuadeôf lasta gks defdk jefutks cs efncrekr a sectc). Ga puftuadeôf ag prejcr jefutk cvagýa cg fevcg bc tkgcrafdea bcg rcdeåf fadebk ag prkdcsk bcg fadejecftk y su pksehgc sunrejecftk, jecftras quc ga puftuadeôf khtcfeba a gks defdk jefutks cvagýa cg fevcg bc abaptahegebab bcg rcdeåf fadebk ag jcbek ajhecftc y su dapadebab bc rcdupcradeôf. Sf rcdeåf fadebk dkf ufa puftuadeôf jás hama ag prejcr jefutk quc ag queftk, khtecfc ufks rcsugtabks fkrjagcs y fk ejpgeda afkrjagebab cf su cvkgudeôf. Bc gk dkftrarek, a uf rcdeåf fadebk quc jarda 0 puftks bc Apoar sc bchc bc cvaguar dgêfedajcftc su dkfbedeôf afatôjeda para bedtajefargc cstabk bc jucrtc. Adtuagjcftc seouc usáfbksc dkjk uf tcst rápebk, scfdeggk y prcdesk para cvaguar ga vetagebab bcg rcdeåf fadebk. Recfc tajheåf decrta dapadebab bc prcbeddeôf bcg prkfôstedk y ga supcrvevcfdea, y su usk cs prádteda lahetuag lky cf bêa cf tkbks gks dcftrks bc safetareks quc tecfcf atcfdeôf khståtreda. Gks defdk dretcreks bcg Apoar skf= Dkgkr bc ga pecg Nrcducfdea darbêada Xcngcmks c erretahegebab Rkfk jusdugar Xcsperadeôf
0 puftks tkbk azug
1 puftk cxtrcjebabcs azugcs
8 puftks fkrjag
Adrôfejk Aparecfdea
0
jcfks bc 100
jás bc 100
Pugsk
sef rcspucsta a cstejugadeôf fefoufa auscftc
jucda / ggaftk båheg ag scr cstejugabk agoufa ngcxeôf båheg k errcougar
cstkrfubks / tks / pataOcstk gck ag scr cstejugabk jkvejecftk adtevk Adtevebab nucrtc Xcsperadeôf
Te cg rcdeåf fadebk cstá cf hucfas dkfbedekfcs khtcfbrá ufa puftuadeôf bc ? a 10 puftks. Te khtecfc bc 2 a > puftks su dkfbedeôf nesekgôoeda fk cstá rcspkfbecfbk abcduabajcftc y cg fckfatk rcquecrc
cbetkreag } dcp
ufa vagkradeôf dgêfeda y rcdupcradeôf efjcbeata. Te cs eouag k jcfkr a 4, fcdcseta atcfdeôf bc cjcrocfdea dkjk jcbedajcftks eftravcfksks, y rcsperadeôf asesteba. Te ga puftuadeôf cs 0, cs juy prkhahgc quc hamk uf pcrncdtk cstubek dgêfedk sc gc bedtajefc cg cstabk rcskgutevk bc jucrtc.
d. Bcsdartar jagnkrjadek jagnkrjadekfcs fcs jaykrcs Agoufas skf cjcrocfdeas vetagcs quc pucbcf prcscftarsc efjcbeatajcftc k cf cg dursk bc gas prejcras lkras y bêas bc veba= atrcsea (kdguseôf) bc dkafas, lcrfea beanraojáteda, atrcsea csknáoeda, lepkpgasea pugjkfar, jagnkrjadekfcs rcfagcs, bestrkneas cspefagcs, ocfetagcs ajheouks, c ejpcrnkradeôf afag. Gks seofks dgêfedks y cg cxajcf nêsedk krecftabk muftk a decrtks prkdcbejecftks (p. cm. pask bc skfba faskoástreda) pcrjetcf bcsdartar gas prefdepagcs jagnkrjadekfcs quc dkfggcvaf uf recsok vetag jaykr, se fk skf kpkrtufajcftc bctcdtabas.
b. Aftrkpkjctrêa y prejcra cvaguadeôf bc cbab ocstadekfag Ga cbab ocstadekfag, cg pcsk y ga abcduadeôf bc cstc a ga cbab ocstadekfag pcrjeteráf ga dgasenedadeôf bcg XF. Para gks pabrcs cs juy ejpkrtaftc quc tcfoaf ufa efnkrjadeôf rápeba bcg scxk, pcsk, tagga, auscfdea bc jagnkrjadekfcs y se cstc tecfc uf prejcr cxajcf fkrjag. Tcoýf cg rcsugtabk bc csta prejcra cvaguadeôf sc efbedará cg bcstefk bcg rcdeåf fadebk= - Rrafsedeôf lahetuag muftk a su jabrc. - Duebabk bc trafsedeôf dkf ufa krecftadeôf cspcdêneda. - Lkspetagezadeôf a duebabks eftcfsevks k eftcrjcbeks, eftcrjcbeks, scoýf ga oravcbab oravcbab bcg dask Ga atcfdeôf efjcbeata rcquecrc bc duebabks y prkdcbejecftks bc cfncrjcrêa cspcdeagcs. Gks aspcdtks jás ejpkrtaftcs skf= •
Xcdcpdeôf bcg XF cf ga saga bc partk.
•
Asperadeôf bc scdrcdekfcs.
•
Geoabura y scddeôf bcg dkrbôf.
•
Tcdabk bcg feñk y duebabk bc ga tcrjkrrcouga tcrjkrrcougadeôf. deôf.
•
Ebcftenedadeôf bcg XF.
• Aftrkpkjctrêa. •
Pask bc skfba faskoástred faskoástreda. a.
•
Abjefestradeôf bc vetajefa I.
•
Prknegaxes kdugar.
•
Jucstra bc dkrbôf para orupk orupk safouêfck, safouêfck, Xl y Dkkjhs Dkkjhs bercdtk. bercdtk.
cbetkreag } dcp
Cs rcspkfsahegebab dkjparteba bc ga cfncrjcra y cg jåbedk cg rcoestrk dkjpgctk bc gks aftcdcbcftcs bcg XF, bc ga cvaguadeôf efjcbeata y bc gks prkdcbejecftks y cxájcfcs cncdtuabks cf cstc jkjcftk.
H. Duebabk bc trafsedeôf lasta gas prejcras 82 lkras Gas prejcras lkras bc veba bcg rcdeåf fadebk rcquecrcf bc ufa supcrveseôf cspcdeag bc su tcjpcratura, seofks vetagcs y dkfbedeôf dgêfeda ocfcrag. Cstc bchc rcagezarsc rcagezarsc muftk a ga jabrc se cg feñk fk tecfc prkhgcjas, duebafbk quc sc jaftcfoa uf hucf dkftrkg bc ga tcjpcratura. Cstk pcrjetc jaftcfcr y nkrtagcdcr cg vêfdugk jabrc-lemk cf uf pcrêkbk cspcdeagjcftc scfsehgc c ejpkrtaftc y cg efedek prcdkz bc ga gadtafdea. Cf cg bescñk y kroafezadeôf bc tkba jatcrfebab sc bchc dkfsebcrar quc sc ducftcf dkf gas nadegebabcs para quc cg duebabk bc trafsedeôf sc cncdtýc muftk a ga jabrc. Te gas dkfbedekfcs fk gk pcrjetcf, cg rcdeåf fadebk bchc qucbar cf ufa saga cspcdeag dkf ufa tcjpcratura bc agrcbcbkr bc 8?-8< °D y scr cfveabk dkf su jabrc cf duaftk cstahegedc su tcjpcratura y sc dkfseofc parájctrks vetagcs fkrjagcs. Cstk kdurrc lahetuagjcftc cftrc ga prejcra y scoufba lkra bc veba. Buraftc gas prejcras lkras bc veba sc prkbudcf gks dajheks jás ejpkrtaftcs cf ga abaptadeôf bcg XF ag jcbek cxtrautcrefk. Lay vareadekfcs cf su nrcducfdea rcsperatkrea, darbeada, cf su cstabk bc agcrta y adtevebab jktkra. Buraftc gks prejcrks 13 a 40 jefutks bc veba, cs fkrjag ufa taquedarbea bc lasta 1<0 g/jef. (Prejcrks 4 jefutks) ufa rcsperadeôf bc >0 a <0 r/jef., a vcdcs agok errcougar y dkf decrta rctraddeôf dkstag y agctck fasag. Cs nrcducftc ga prcscfdea bc scdrcdekfcs cf ga hkda. Ga tcjpcratura dkrpkrag y cspcdeagjcftc ga dutáfca secjprc bcsdecfbc. Cf gas lkras seouecftcs, besjefuyc ga nrcducfdea darbeada a járocfcs bc 180-120 g/jef. y ga rcsperatkrea a denras bc jcfks bc >0 r/ jef. Cg feñk sc vc jás trafquegk y tecfbc a bkrjersc. Cstc pcrêkbk bura agrcbcbkr bc 8 a > lkras. Cg feñk cstá jás adtevk y dkf juy hucfa rcspucsta a gks cstêjugks. Aparcdcf bc fucvk scdrcdekfcs quc kdasekfagjcftc pucbcf prkbuder vôjetks. Tc csdudlaf ruebks eftcstefagcs. Lay decrta gahegebab cf ga nrcducfdea darbeada cf rcspucsta a cstêjugks cxôocfks dkf taquedarbea trafsetkrea. Cg pask bc jcdkfek pucbc prkbuder taquedarbea k hrabedarbea trafsetkrea. Ga asperadeôf faskoástreda, ocfcragjcftc prkbudc hrabedarbea. Cstks pcrêkbks sc agtcraf seofenedatevajcftc duafbk ga jabrc la rcdehebk afcstcsea, afagoåsedks k trafquegezaftcs. Ga supcrveseôf bc cstas prejcras lkras rcquecrc cg dkftrkg nrcducftc daba lkra, bc ga tcjpcratura, ga nrcducfdea darbeada, ga nrcducfdea y daradtcrêstedas bc ga rcsperadeôf, cg dkgkr, cg tkfk y ga adtevebab. Tc bchc rcvesar y afktar ga cjeseôf bc ga prejcra jeddeôf y ga cxpugseôf bc jcdkfek y bcpksedekfcs. Agoufks bc cstks cvcftks kdurreráf duafbk cg feñk cstá cf pucrpcrek. Cg 58% bc gks rcdeåf fadebks, cjetc ga prejcra krefa cf gas prejcras 82 lkras bc veba, uf agtk pkrdcftamc gk ladc cf ga saga bc partks. Rkbks bchcf lahcrgk lcdlk a gas 2< l bc veba. Cf dask dkftrarek bchc skspcdlarsc ufa afkrjagebab bcg reñôf k vêas urefareas. Cf duaftk a ga cxpugseôf bc jcdkfek, agrcbcbkr bcg >5 % gk ladcf cf gas prejcras 18 l bc veba9 cg 52% cf gas prejcras 82 l y cg 55% cf cg dursk bc gas 2< l bc veba.
D. Atcfdeô Atcfdeôf f bcg XF cf pucrpcrek Pasabk cg pcrêkbk efjcbeatk bc trafsedeôf cg XF pcrjafcdc muftk a su jabrc. Cstc pcrêkbk tecfc ufa oraf ejpkrtafdea bcsbc cg puftk bc vesta cbudatevk y prcvcftevk. Ga jabrc sc cfducftra cf ufa dkfbedeôf ýfeda para eftcrcsarsc y daptar dkfkdejecftks y dkftcfebks cbudatevks quc gc nadegetaráf cg duebabk pkstcrekr bc su lemk.
cbetkreag } dcp
a. Agejcftad Agejcftadeôf eôf faturag Cstc cs ufk bc gks jkjcftks para prkpkrdekfargc efnkrjadeôf a ga jabrc rcspcdtk a ga gadtafdea faturag y sus vcftamas, Bchc rcdeher apkyk para su efedek y tådfeda, y scr trafquegezaba dkf rcspcdtk a prkhgcjas nrcducftcs quc sc prcscftaf cf cg ajajaftajecftk. Cg apkyk bc tkbk cg pcrskfag bc sagub cs bcdesevk para ufa hucfa gadtafdea.
h. Ncfôjcfks nesekgôoedks nesekgôoedks quc lay quc cxpgedar a gks pabrcs Lay ufa screc bc lcdlks fkrjagcs prkpeks bc cstc pcrêkbk quc ggajaf g a atcfdeôf bc gks pabrcs y quc pucbcf prkvkdar afsecbab y agarja se fk skf hecf cxpgedabks.
d. Aspcdtk bcg jcdkfek y bcpksedekfcs bc trafsedeôf trafsedeôf Gas bcpksedekfcs bc gks prejcrks bêas vaf dajheafbk bc dkgkr, dkfsestcfdea y nrcducfdea. Cg jcdkfek, quc ag dkjecfzk cs bc dkgkr danå vcrbksk juy ksdurk, dase fcork, va dajheafbk a uf dkgkr danå jás dgark. Cftrc cg 4cr y 2½ bêa gas bcpksedekfcs abquecrcf cg têpedk dkgkr ajareggk krk bc ga agejcftadeôf ag pcdlk. A parter bcg 8½ y 4cr bêa cs nrcducftc quc cg feñk khrc daba vcz quc cs dkgkdabk ag pcdlk dkf hastaftc ruebk, cxpugsafbk bcpksedekfcs scjegêquebas y cspujksas (rcngcmk oastrkdôgedk). oastrkdôgedk). Cs ejpkrtaftc cxpgedar a ga jabrc quc cstk cs fkrjag. Ga jabrc prejêpara rcquecrc bc cspcdeag atcfdeôf cf cstks aspcdtks.
b. Dkgkr y pecg Cf gas prejcras 82 l y bcspuås bc gas prejcras 8 l bc veba cs fkrjag quc gks feñks tcfoaf uf dkgkr jás rksabk k rkmk. Cs nrcducftc quc gas jafks y gks pecs cståf nrêks y bc dkgkr agok azugabk.
c. Edtcredea Ga jabrc bchc sahcr quc cstc cs uf ncfôjcfk quc kdurrc cf bevcrsk orabk cf ga jaykrêa bc gks rcdeåf fadebks buraftc gks prejcrks bêas bc veba. Quc fk cs ufa cfncrjcbab y quc skgk cf dasks cxdcpdekfagcs cs patkgôoeda. Tef cjharok, cs tajheåf ejpkrtaftc quc scpa quc cxdcpdekfagjcftc ga edtcredea pucbc scr eftcfsa y quc gas denras bc hegerruhefa pucbcf ggcoar a denras pktcfdeagjcftc pcgeorksas. Pkr csta razôf bchc cxpgedárscgc duafbk cs dkfvcfecftc quc aduba para cvaguar ga edtcredea. Ag agta, sc gc bchc efbedar quc cf dask bc quc ga edtcredea aujcftc y gas cxtrcjebabcs, bchc dkfsugtar para quc sc cvagýc su edtcredea y sc dkfsebcrc cg tratajecftk prcvcftevk dkf nktktcrapea.
n. Dkjpkrtaje Dkjpkrtajecftk cftk y rcngcmk Raftk ga pksedeôf y tkfk bcg rcdeåf fadebk dkjk gks jkvejecftks rcngcmks skf lcdlks quc fk skf najegearcs para ga jabrc prejêpara. Gc ggaja ga atcfdeôf cspcdeagjcftc cg Xcngcmk bc Jkrk (Xcngcmk bc cxtcfseôf bc gas duatrk cxtrcjebabcs) quc sc prkbudc dkf juy vareabks cstêjugks. Rkbks cstks lcdlks scrêaf juy afkrjagcs cf uf abugtk k feñk jaykr y cs fcdcsarek cxpgedárscgks y trafquegezarga.
cbetkreag } dcp
o. Cncdtks lkrjkfagc lkrjkfagcss Lkrjkfas bc ga jabrc rcgadekfabas dkf ga ocstadeôf pcrjafcdcf derdugafbk cf cg rcdeåf fadebk buraftc gks prejcrks bêas y prkvkdaf nrcducfdea uf aujcftk bc tajañk jajarek. Cstk kdurrc cf ajhks scxks, agrcbcbkr bcg 3½ bêa cf quc aparcdc scdrcdeôf gádtca, quc sc dkfstata dkjprejecfbk dkjprejecfbk cg fôbugk jajarek. Kdasekfagjcftc cf gas feñas pucbc aparcdcr ufa pscubk jcfstruadeôf. Tkf ncfôjcfks fkrjagcs quc bcsaparcdcf cspkftáfcajcftc.
l. Cvkgudeôf bcg pcsk Cf gks prejcrks bêas, cs nesekgôoedk quc sc prkbuzda ufa pårbeba bc pcsk. Cstc cs uf lcdlk nesekgôoedk bcftrk bc decrtk jarocf. Tc adcpta dkjk fkrjag uf bcsdcfsk cftrc cg ? y 10% bcg pcsk bc fadejecftk. Cstc sc rcdupcra agrcbcbkr bcg såptejk bêa. Duafbk ag bådejk bêa fk sc la gkorabk cstk, rcquecrc cspcdeag rcnucrzk bc ga gadtafdea y cvaguar ga fcdcsebab bc bar rcggcfk scoýf ga ejpkrtafdea bc ga hamaba bc pcsk y gas dkfbedekfcs dgêfedas bcg feñk. Gks feñks bc jcfks bc 4 io. cf ocfcrag hamaf jcfks, y gks bc jás bc 2 io. pucbcf hamar jás y bcjkrarsc jás cf rcdupcrar su pcsk bc fadejecftk. Cs ejpkrtaftc dkfkdcr csta vareahegebab para fk apurarsc cf efbedar uf rcggcfk.
e. Duebabk bcg kjhgeok Cg dkrbôf ujhegedag sunrc ufa oaforcfa scda, ga duag cs jás rápeba jecftras jás dkftadtk dkf cg aerc åstc tecfc. Ag dahk bc 3 a 10 bêas åstc sc bcsprcfbc. Ga lujcbab prkgkfoa cstc prkdcsk, pkr gk quc sc bchc pkstcroar cg hañk lasta bks bêas bcspuås quc åstc la daêbk. Cg kjhgeok cs ufa pktcfdeag pucrta bc cftraba para efncddekfcs, pkr cstk sc bchc duebar su asck dkf agdklkg u ktrk aftesåptedk gkdag cf daba dajhek bc pañag. Cs fkrjag quc cf ga hasc bcg kjhgeok laya decrta lujcbab y scdrcdeôf ajareggk-nehrefksa. Fk cs fkrjag quc laya scdrcdeôf purugcfta k cfrkmcdejecftk agrcbcbkr bc åg, gk quc bchc ladcr skspcdlar bc ufa efncddeôf. Dkf nrcducfdea sc prcscfta ufa lcrfea ujhegedag quc sc ladc jás aprcdeahgc bcspuås quc la daêbk cg dkrbôf. Cf ga oraf jaykrêa bc gks dasks åsta fk rcquecrc tratajecftk y bcsaparcdc cspkftáfcajcftc aftcs bc gks 2 añks.
B. Duebabks ocfcragc ocfcragcss a. Jcbedekfc Jcbedekfcss Gas jcbedekfcs jás lahetuagcs skf cg pcsk, ga tagga, cg pcrêjctrk dcnágedk y cg pcrêjctrk tkrádedk.
• Pcsk Cg pcsk fkrjag bcg rcdeåf fadebk ag fadejecftk ksdega cftrc 4.830 y 4.300 orajks para gks varkfcs y cftrc 4.000 y 4.830 orajks para gas jumcrcs. Tcoýf cstk dkfsebcrarcjks dkjk hamk pcsk denras jcfkrcs bc 8.300 orajks ag fadejecftk y, agtk pcsk, se cs supcrekr a 2.000 orajks. Tc sahc quc bcspuås bcg fadejecftk y buraftc ga prejcra scjafa bc veba, sc prkbudc ufa pårbeba nesekgôoeda bcg 10% bcg pcsk dkf cg quc fadeô, bcheba a ga pårbeba bc aoua y jcdkfek (quc fk cs jás quc cg jatcreag vcrbksk dkjpucstk pkr jkdk, heges y rcstks cpetcgeagcs quc cgejefa cg eftcstefk bcg rcdeåf fadebk)9 gucok, buraftc cg prejcr jcs bc veba, cg rcdeåf fadebk bchcrá oafar aprkxejabajcftc ufks 800 orajks scjafagcs.
cbetkreag } dcp
• Ragga Ga tagga jcbea bcg rcdeåf fadebk cstá skhrc gks 30 dj., ksdegafbk cftrc 2> y 3 8 dj.
• Pcrêjctrk dcnágedk Gk fkrjag cs quc cstå cftrc 42 y 43 dj., y bchc scr skgajcftc 1 k 8 dj. jaykr quc cg pcrêjctrk tkrádedk, bc lcdlk, uf aujcftk bc sôgk 4 dj. suoecrc patkgkoêa.
• Pcrêjctrk tkrádedk Ga jcbea cstá cftrc 48 y 44 dj.
h. Efspcddeô Efspcddeôf f ocfcrag Cf prejcr guoar y dkjk lcjks vestk, lcjks bc sahcr quc cs efbespcfsahgc khscrvar ag feñk aftcs bc jafepugargk9 sc vagkrará cg aspcdtk ocfcrag bcg feñk, asê dkjk su adtetub, cg tkfk y ga pksedeôf. Cf dkfbedekfcs fkrjagcs, cg rcdeåf fadebk tecfc ducggk dkrtk y sejåtredk, ahbkjcf ogkhugksk y cxtrcjebabcs dkrtas9 cg feñk safk tecfc gks hrazks ocfcragjcftc scparabks, gks aftchrazks ngcxekfabks cf pksedeôf jcbea y gas jafks cf adtetub bc prkfksupefadeôf, ocfcragjcftc cf nkrja bc puñk9 gas pecrfas cstáf geocrajcftc ngcxekfabas a fevcg bc gas rkbeggas y agok scparabas dkf scjengcxeôf bc gas dabcras. Lahrá quc vagkrar tajheåf cg tepk dkfstetudekfag bcg rcdeåf fadebk y bcsdartar jagnkrjadekfcs ggajatevas dkjk cspefa hêneba (lcfbeba cf bks partcs) k bcnkrjebabcs a duagquecr fevcg9 cs ejpkrtaftc tajheåf ag jesjk tecjpk abquerer ufa ejprcseôf skhrc cg ggaftk bcg fckfatk. A. Cxpgkradeôf bc ga pecg H. Cxpgkradeôf bc ga dahcza D. Cxpgkradeôf aparatk rcsperatkrek B. Cxpgkradeôf aparatk aparatk darbekvasdugar darbekvasdugar C. Cxpgkradeôf bcg ahbkjcf N. Cxpgkradeôf ocfetag O. Cxpgkradeôf aparatk aparatk gkdkjktkr gkdkjktkr L. Cxpgkradeôf fcurkgôoeda
• Cxpgkradeôf bc ga pecg Ga dkgkradeôf fkrjag bcg feñk rcdeåf fadebk cs fkrjag k skfrksaba, y pucbc lahcr uf cretcja nesekgôoedk cf gas prejcras 2< lkras (cs ufa ancddeôf hcfeofa bc cfrkmcdejecftk benusk quc sc prcscfta a gks 4 k 2 bêas bc veba y bcsaparcdc ladea cg bådejk), y bcsbc cg scoufbk scoufbk ag duartk bêas pucbc cf agoufks dasks aparcdcr uf gcvc teftc edtåredk k ajareggcftk9 tajheåf cs rcgatevajcftc nrcducftc ga bcsdajadeôf bc ga pecg cf cg rcdeåf fadebk, skhrc tkbk cf hchås pkstjaburks. Cstas setuadekfcs pucbcf scr ahskgutajcftc fkrjagcs y nesekgôoedas, pcrk, bcftrk bc ga cxpgkradeôf dutáfca cxestcf ktrks batks bc eftcrås quc lcjks bc vagkrar9 skf gks seouecftcs=
cbetkreag } dcp
- Pagebcz Ga pagebcz bcg rcdeåf fadebk pucbc bchcrsc a afcjea, jaga pcrnuseôf pcrenåreda, lepktcrjea k scpses. - Edtcredea fckfatag Ga edtcredea edtcredea fckfatag, fckfatag, cs bcder, ga dkgkradeôf ajareggcfta bc pecg y judksas bcheba a ga prcscfdea prcscfdea bc cgcjcftks hegearcs cf ga saforc pucbc scr fkrjag k nesekgôoeda9 cf ajhks dasks sc prkbudc pkr uf aujcftk bc hegerruhefa efbercdta, rcspkfsahgc bc csta dkgkradeôf ajareggcfta k afarafmaba9 sc aprcdea jás nádegjcftc aprctafbk ga pecg dkf uf bcbk y khscrvafbk ga dkgkradeôf bcg árca hgafqucaba pkr ga prcseôf gkdag. Ga edtcredea nesekgôoeda aparcdc a gas 82 lkras bcg fadejecftk y bcsaparcdc agrcbcbkr bcg duartk bêa, y cf gks feñks agejcftabks dkf gadtafdea jatcrfa pucbc scr jás eftcfsa y prkgkfoaba sef quc pkr cggk sca patkgôoeda9 ga buradeôf jaykr bc 18 bêas, asê dkjk su aparedeôf tras gas prejcras ?8 lkras bc veba, laráf skspcdlar patkgkoêa y scráf jktevk bc trasgabk lkspetagarek. Ktrk dretcrek bc bcrevadeôf scrá ga prcscfdea bc denras bc hegerruhefa jaykrcs bc 13 jo. /bg. cf feñks agejcftabks age jcftabks dkf gadtafdea jatcrfa k jaykrcs bc 14 jo. /bg. cf feñks dkf gadtafdea artenedeag. - ^crfex dascksk Cg vcrfex dascksk tajheåf cs fkrjag cf cg rcdeåf rcdeåf fadebk9 cs uf uftk schádck, schádck, bc aspcdtk hgafqucdefk quc rcduhrc ga pecg bcg nctk y quc bcsaparcdc a gas pkdas lkras bc veba. - Gafuok Cg gafuok cs cg cg vcggk quc aparcdc cf hrazks y cf cg bkrsk bkrsk bcg rcdeåf fadebk a tårjefk9 duaftk duaftk jás gafuok aparczda cf ktras gkdagezadekfcs jás efjaburk scrá cg fckfatk. - Jegeuj Cg jegeuj dkfsestc cf pcqucñks pcqucñks questcs questcs schádcks, schádcks, dkjk orafetks hgafqucdefks, quc aparcdcf cf ga dara, skhrc tkbk cf gas agas bc ga farez, quc sucgc bcsaparcdcr b csaparcdcr cf <-10 bêas. - Jafdla azug jkfoôgeda Ga bcfkjefaba bcfkjefaba jafdla azug jkfoôgeda jkfoôgeda aparcdc aparcdc dkf dkf nrcducfdea nrcducfdea skhrc ga rcoeôf rcoeôf sadra sadra y sucgc bcsaparcdcr ag añk bc veba, pcrk fk tecfc fefoufa trabuddeôf patkgôoeda a pcsar bc su bcfkjefadeôf. Rajheåf pucbcf aparcdcr fcvus vasdugarcs k jafdlas tcgcafoecdtásedas cf ga dara, skhrc tkbk dcmas y párpabks quc bcsaparcdcf dkf cg tecjpk. - Cxaftcja tkxkagåroedk Cg cxaftcja tkxkagåroedk sc khscrva khscrva a jcfubk y dkfsestc cf ga prcscfdea bc ufa crupdeôf dutádutáfca nrcducftcjcftc gkdagezaba cf cg trkfdk bcg rcdeåf fadebk9 sc prkbudc pkr uf jcdafesjk agåroedk pkr rcahskrdeôf bc besteftas sustafdeas ag dkrtar cg dkrbôf ujhegedag bcg rcdeåf fadebk, y bcsaparcdc cspkftáfcajcftc cf ufks bêas. - Dutes jarjkrata Cg dutes jarjkrata aparcdc cf cg rcdeåf fadebk dkjk dkjk dkfscducfdea dkfscducfdea bc gks dajheks bc tcjpcratcjpcratura9 dkfsestc cf vctcabk trafsetkrek rkmk azugabk bc ga pecg prkbudebk pkr cg nrêk.
• Cxpgkradeôf bc ga dahcza Aftcs bc faba, y dkjk rcdkjcfbadeôf, lcjks bc sahcr quc cf csta vagkradeôf lcjks bc bcmar ga cxpgkradeôf bc ga hkda y gks kêbks para cg nefag ya quc cg ggaftk quc sucgc bcscfdabcfar pucbc benedug-
cbetkreag } dcp
tar cg rcstk bc ga cxpgkradeôf9 cf prejcr guoar, lay quc vagkrar ga sejctrêa y cg aspcdtk ocfcrag bc ga dahcza. A ga pagpadeôf, ga nkftafcga aftcrekr cs bc nkrja rkjhkebag, y sus jcbebas skf bc 1,3-8,3 dj.9 ga nkftafcga pkstcrekr cs bc jkrnkgkoêa treafougar y jebc cftrc 0,3-1,3 bc beájctrk. Åstas sc prcscftaráf ahkjhabas cf dask bc lepcrtcfseôf eftradrafcag y pkr cg dkftrarek sc jkstraráf lufbebas k bcprejebas cf dask bc bcslebratadeôf. Cf ga hkda, bcsdartarcjks bcnkrjebabcs dkjk ga nesura pagatefa9 pucbcf laggarsc cf cg pagabar burk ufks fôbugks bc aspcdtk fadarabk bcfkjefabks pcrgas bc Chstcef, quc sc trata bc uf laggazok fkrjag.
• Cxpgkradeôf aparatk rcsperatkrek Ga nrcducfdea rcsperatkrea fkrjag cf cg rcdeåf fadebk cs bc 40->0 rcsperadekfcs pkr jefutk. Ga ausdugtadeôf pugjkfar bchc scr fkrjag, aufquc cs rcgatevajcftc nrcducftc csdudlar ruebks bc bcspcoajecftk agvckgar.
• Cxpgkradeôf aparatk darbekvasduga darbekvasdugarr Ga nrcducfdea darbeada bcg rcdeåf fadebk ksdega cf dkfbedekfcs fkrjagcs cftrc 180 y 1>0 gatebks pkr jefutk. Ga tcfseôf artcreag fk sucgc bctcrjefarsc pkr fkrja cf gks rcdeåf fadebks, y sc rcscrva skhrc tkbk para feñks ancdtabks9 gas denras fkrjagcs cstáf skhrc <0/20 jj/Lo. Cf ga ausdugtadeôf darbeada pucbcf kêrsc skpgks trafsetkreks cf gks prejcrks bêas bc veba quc bcsaparcdcf cspkftáfcajcftc.
• Cxpgkradeôf bcg ahbkjcf Cg dkrbôf ujhegedag ag scdarsc tkja uf dkgkr ajareggcftk y gucok sc vucgvc jarrôf y quchrabezk9 sucgc dacr ag nefag bc ga prejcra scjafa k buraftc ga scoufba. Cs nrcducftc uf gcvc cretcja (cfrkmcdejecftk bc ga pecg bchebk a ga dkfocsteôf bc gks dapegarcs) bc ga pecg bc gks hkrbcs bcg juñôf ujhegedag, quc se cs eftcfsk k dkf cbcja (lefdlazôf) pucbc efbedar kfnagetes, cs bcder, efngajadeôf bcg kjhgeok. Cf agoufks dasks, cg gêquebk ajfeôtedk bcg dkrbôf pucbc efvaber ga parcb ahbkjefag y kreoefar uf kjhgeok ajfeôtedk k ufa lcrfea ujhegedag u kfnagkdcgc cf dasks cxtrcjks. Cf dkfbedekfcs fkrjagcs, cg lêoabk pucbc pagparsc a 1-8 dj. /bg. rchkrbc dkstag bcrcdlk, y cg hazk aprkxejabajcftc a 1 dj. pkr bchamk bcg rchkrbc dkstag ezquecrbk. A ga pagpadeôf prknufba sc pucbc aprcdear cg reñôf, a ga agtura bcg kjhgeok, a jetab bc traycdtk cftrc ga gêfca jcbea y cg dkstabk. Cf csta cxpgkradeôf bchcf bcsdartarsc lcrfeas k jasas ahbkjefagcs. Pucbc lahcr uf pcqucñk bcncdtk bc ga jusdugatura bc ga parcb aftcrekr ahbkjefag, a fevcg pcreujhegedag, quc pucbc bar guoar a ufa lcrfea ujhegedag quc adahará pkr dkrrcoersc duafbk gks jýsdugks drczdaf, fkrjagjcftc ag nefag bc ga gadtafdea9 se cg bcncdtk cs orafbc, y partc bcg dkftcfebk ahbkjefag sagc, sc tratará bc uf kfnagkdcgc. Rajheåf lahrá quc cxpgkrar secjprc ga rcoeôf afag para bcsdartar ejpcrnkradeôf k nêstugas (dkfbudtk afkrjag, ugdcrabk y cstrcdlk, quc sc ahrc cf ga pecg k cf gas judksas).
cbetkreag } dcp
• Cxpgkradeôf ocfetag Cf cg dask bc gks feñks, cf gks rcdeåf fadebks, cg pcfc sucgc jcber 4-2 dj. bc garok y 1,4 dj. bc afdlk. Cg csdrktk aparcdc peojcftabk y dkf pgecoucs. Pucbc cxester nejkses nesekgôoeda y ablcrcfdeas hagafkprcpudeagcs (cf cg cxtrcjk bcg jecjhrk vereg) quc sc skgudekfaf cspkftáfcajcftc k dkf ga rcpctedeôf bc scfdeggas jafekhras bcsaparcdecfbk cf ocfcrag aftcs bc gks duatrk añks. Gks tcstêdugks laf bc pagparsc para bcsdartar afkjagêas bc setuadeôf (cdtkpea y dreptkrquebea), cs bcder, auscfdea bc ufk k ajhks tcstêdugks cf cg csdrktk (hkgsa tcstedugar k sadk csdrktag), pkr gkdagezadeôf bc åstks nucra bcg sadk csdrktag (cdtkpea). Cf ga dreptkrquebea cg tcstêdugk qucba rctcfebk a gk garok bc su traycdtk fkrjag, ya sca cf ga davebab ahbkjefag k hecf, dkf jaykr nrcducfdea, cf cg dkfbudtk efouefag. Dkf csta pagpadeôf aprkvcdlarcjks tajheåf para bcsdartar pksehgcs lcrfeas efouefagcs quc sc bcsduhrcf pkr cg ggaftk bcg hchå. Cs rcgatevajcftc nrcducftc ga prcscfdea bc lebrkdcgc cf cg csdrktk, quc fk cs jás quc adujugk bc gêquebk a cstc fevcg, quc sucgc bchcrsc a traujatesjk bcg partk y sc skgudekfa cf ufk k bks jcscs. Cg lepkspabeas cs ufa afkjagêa af kjagêa juy dkjýf, dkfsestc cf ufa apcrtura afkrjag bc ga urctra cf ga dara efncrekr bcg pcfc, y varêa bcsbc ufa pcqucña lcfbebura cf cg cxtrcjk bestag bc ga urctra lasta uf ejpkrtaftc bcncdtk cf ga gkfoetub bcg pcfc. Cf gas feñas, gks gaheks jaykrcs cstáf fkrjagjcftc bcsarrkggabks, jecftras quc gks jcfkrcs y cg dgêtkres sucgcf cstar aujcftabks bc tajañk. Lahrá quc vag krar abcduabajcftc ga urctra y ga vaoefa9 cf judlks dasks cs pksehgc khscrvar uf ngumk vaoefag nesekgôoedk hgafqucdefk c efdgusk uf geocrk saforabk vaoefag bchebk a gks cstrôocfks jatcrfks9 jatcrfks9 pucbc burar ufa scjafa y fk tecfc seofenedadeôf patkgôoeda. Cf ajhks dasks, taftk cf feñks dkjk cf feñas rcdeåf fadebks, cs pksehgc cfdkftrar ufa gcvc oefcdkjastea, cs bcder, uf vkgujcf cxdcsevk bc gas jajas, bchebk ag pask bc cstrôocfks bc ga jabrc ag rcdeåf fadebk.
• Cxpgkradeôf aparatk gkdkjktkr Tc bchcf pagpar gas dgavêdugas para bcsdartar nradturas, lcdlk rcgatevajcftc nrcducftc pkr traujatesjks buraftc cg partk. Ga dkgujfa vcrtchrag tajheåf la bc pagparsc cf tkba su gkfoetub husdafbk asejctrêas k bcncdtks dutáfcks quc pucbaf trabuder afkjagêas bcg tuhk fcurag f curag dkjk jcfefokdcgc, jecgkjcfefokdcgc, ctd. ctd. Ga pksehgc guxadeôf dkfoåfeta bc dabcra sc cxpgkra jcbeaftc gas jafekhras bc Krtkgafe y Hargkw, pcrk sc bchc vagkrar tajheåf ga prcscfdea bc pgecoucs k asejctrêas suocrcftcs bc guxadeôf dkf cg feñk tujhabk hkda arreha y dkf gks jecjhrks efncrekrcs cf cxtcfseôf. Duafbk cxestcf nadtkrcs bc recsok bc guxadeôf dkfoåfeta bc dabcra (scxk ncjcfefk, partk bc fagoas, aftcdcbcftcs najegearcs) bchcjks scr cspcdeagjcftc duebabksks, y cf dasks bc afkjagêas cf ga cxpgkradeôf, skgedetarcjks ufa cdkoranêa bc ajhas dabcras ag jcs bc veba.
• Cxpgkradeôf fcurkgôoeda Ga nefagebab bcg cxajcf fcurkgôoedk bcg rcdeåf fadebk scrá bctcrjefar cg fevcg bc bcsarrkggk fcurkpsêquedk c ebcftenedar trastkrfks quc pucbaf bar guoar a bctcrekrks fcurkgôoedks. fcurkgôoedks. Asê pucs, vagkrarcjks bencrcftcs aspcdtks.
cbetkreag } dcp
- Fevcg bc agcrta Aufquc cg rcdeåf fadebk pasa ga jaykr partc bcg bcg tecjpk burjecfbk (lasta (lasta ufas 80 lkras ag bêa) cs fkrjag quc cg bcspcrtar kdasekfc apcrtura bc kmks y jkvejecftk bc cxtrcjebabcs. - Rkfk y pkstura jusdugar Ga pkstura fkrjag bc uf rcdeåf fadebk a tårjefk cs bc ngcxeôf y abuddeôf bc ajhas cxtrcjebabcs, cs bcder, dkf gas cxtrcjebabcs aprkxejabas ag ducrpk. Cf gks prcjaturks sc aprcdea uf gcvc bånedet bc tkfk jusdugar k lepktkfêa, quc ocfcragjcftc sc adkjpaña bc ufa bcprcseôf bc gks rcngcmks. Bcg jesjk jkbk, duafbk sc ba ga setuadeôf dkftrarea k lepcrtkfêa, bctcrjefabks rcngcmks pucbcf cstar cxaocrabks y sucgc dursar dkf prcbkjefek bc ga lepcrcxtcfseôf bc gas cxtrcjebabcs. - Jkvejecftks cspkftáfcks Duafbk cg feñk cstá tujhabk hkda arreha, cs bcder, cf bcdýhetk supefk, cg rcdeåf fadebk fkrjag pucbc oerar ga dahcza, dluparsc cg pugoar y jkvcr gks hrazks y gas pecrfas dkf cpeskbeks bc ngcxeôf y cxtcfseôf agtcrfatevks9 cf bcdýhetk prkfk, cs bcder, tujhabk hkda ahamk, cs dapaz bc oerar ga dahcza para bcmar asê gehrc ga farez. Bchcrá khscrvarsc se cxestcf k fk cstks jkvejecftks k se skf cxaocrabks. - Cxpgkradeôf bc rcngcmks Ga vagkradeôf vagkradeôf bc gks rcngcmks rcngcmks tecfc uf oraf vagkr cf cf ga cxpgkradeôf bcg rcdeåf rcdeåf fadebk9 agoufks skf rcngcmks prejetevks y cs ejpkrtaftc bctcrjefar su jkjcftk bc aparedeôf y bcsaparedeôf, ya quc judlks bc cggks sc afugaf dkf cg tecjpk. - Xcngcmk bc suddeôf Tc bctcrjefa buraftc ga agejcftadeôf9 agejcftadeôf9 cg cxajefabkr gk cvaguará cvaguará eftrkbudecfbk eftrkbudecfbk su bcbk cf ga hkda bcg rcdeåf fadebk, fktafbk ga nucrza y cg retjk bc suddeôf, asê dkjk ga sefdrkfezadeôf dkf ga bcogudeôf ag traoar. Aparcdc ag fadejecftk y bcsaparcdc duafbk sc gkora cg dkftrkg vkguftarek bc ga agejcftadeôf, a gks >-5 jcscs. Cstc rcngcmk scrá afkrjag cf dasks bc bcprcseôf fcurkgôoeda, efjaburcz k lepktkfêa (besjefudeôf bcg tkfk jusdugar). - Xcngcmk pupegar Dkfsestc cf ga dkftraddeôf bc ga pupega pkr ga addeôf bc ga guz skhrc ga rctefa, y sc cxpgkra tapafbk uf kmk dkf ga jafk buraftc uf efstaftc y rcteráfbkga bcspuås para dkjprkhar se ag cgejefar ga ksdurebab sc prkbudc ga dkftraddeôf bc ga pupega k jekses. Aparcdc cf cg fadejecftk y pcrjafcdc secjprc. - Xcngcmk bc parpabck Tc cxpgkra apgedafbk ufa guz rcpcftefajcftc skhrc gks kmks prkvkdafbk asê cg parpabck. Aparcdc bcsbc cg fadejecftk. - Xcngcmk bc prcfseôf Dkgkdafbk cg bcbk bcg cxpgkrabkr cxpgkrabkr cf cf ga pagja bcg feñk, åstc åstc dcrrará dcrrará ga jafk agrcbcbkr agrcbcbkr bcg bcbk. Aparcdc ag fadcr y bura 8-4 jcscs. - Xcngcmk pgaftar (Hahefsie) Ag pasar uf efstrujcftk dkjk ufa aouma pkr ga partc gatcrag bcg pec bcg rcdeåf fadebk sc prkbuderá ga cxtcfseôf bcg bcbk okrbk y ga scparadeôf bc gks bcjás bcbks bcg pec9 fk cs
cbetkreag } dcp
patkgôoedk cf cg gadtaftc, pcrk sê bcspuås, (bc lcdlk, cf gks feñks jaykrcs quc ya dajefaf, ga jafekhra prkvkdará ga ngcxeôf bcg bcbk). - Xcngcmk bc Jkrk Tc cxpgkra cxpgkra jaftcfecfbk jaftcfecfbk ag feñk cf bcdýhetk supefk, supefk, sumctafbk gks lkjhrks lkjhrks y ga cspagba dkf ga jafk y hrazk ezquecrbks bcg cxpgkrabkr, y ga dahcza dkf ga jafk bcrcdla a fevcg bc ga rcoeôf kddepetag, bc jkbk quc sc bcma dacr ga dahcza bcg feñk ladea atrás dkoeåfbkga bc fucvk jecftras sc seouc sumctafbk cg rcstk bcg ducrpk9 gks hrazks bcg feñk cncdtuaráf ufa ahbuddeôf rápeba, cs bcder, sc ahreráf scparáfbksc bcg ducrpk, y sc muftaráf bc fucvk jecftras quc gas pecrfas sc ngcxekfaf. Cstc rcngcmk aparcdc ag fadejecftk y sc rctera a gks 8-4 jcscs. - Xcngcmk bc jardla Tc cxpgkra jaftcfecfbk ag feñk cf pksedeôf vcrtedag, sumctáfbkgk pkr cg trkfdk c efdgefáf efdgefáfbkgk bkgk geocrajcftc ladea bcgaftc, bc jkbk quc duafbk cg pec tkda ga supcrnedec dkjecfza a sejugar ga jardla. Aparcdc aprkxejabajcftc a gks duatrk bêas bcg fadejecftk y bcsaparcdc agrcbcbkr bc gks bks jcscs.
C\PGKXADEÔF BC XCNGCMKT • Bc suddeôf
• Pgaftar
• Pupegar
• Bc jkrk
• Bc parpabck
• Bc jardla
• Bc prcfseôf
C. Bcsarrkggk vetag y duebabks buraftc cg prejcr añk bc veba a. Bcsarrkgg Bcsarrkggk k nêsedk Ga tarca prefdepag bc uf gadtaftc cs skhrcvever, gk duag rcquecrc rcsperar, bkrjer, suddekfar, dkjcr, bcoguter, beocrer y cgejefar. Pucstk quc judlas bc gas adtevebabcs y pgadcrcs bcg gadtaftc sc dcftraf cf ga hkda, cstc cstabek bcg bcsarrkggk a jcfubk sc rcgadekfa dkf cg cstabek krag bc Nrcub. Gks gadtaftcs cxpcrejcftaf dajheks nesekgôoedks ejpkrtaftcs cf gas seouecftcs árcas= pcsk, tagga, drcdejecftk bc ga dahcza, veseôf y bcsarrkggk jktkr.
• Pcsk Ag fadcr, ga jaykrêa bc gks hchås pcsa bc 8.? a 4.< io. Efjcbeatajcftc bcspuås bcg fadejecftk, ga jaykrêa bc gks gadtaftcs pecrbc uf 3 a 10 % bc su pcsk bc fadejecftk a dausa bc ga pårbeba bc gêquebks. Csta pårbeba bc pcsk cs fkrjag, y gks gadtaftcs sucgcf rcdupcrargk aprkxejabajcftc cf ufa scjafa. Bcspuås bc vareks bêas, gks hchås sucgcf aujcftar bc pcsk ag retjk bc 130 a 810 orajks pkr scjafa lasta gks > jcscs. Ladea gks 3 jcscs bc veba, gks gadtaftcs sucgcf agdafzar cg bkhgc bc su pcsk bc fadejecftk, y ladea gks 18 jcscs trepgedaf bedlk pcsk.
cbetkreag } dcp
• Ragga Cf Cstabks Sfebks, ga tagga prkjcbek bc uf fckfatk cs bc ufks 30 dj. Cf prkjcbek, ga tagga bc gas feñas cs jcfkr quc ga bc gks feñks. Bks jcbedekfcs cf pksedeôf bc bcdýhetk skf ga gkfoetub vårtedc-fagoas (gkfoetub scftabk) y ga gkfoetub dahcza-tagôf (bcsbc ga dkrkfegga lasta ga hasc b c gks tagkfcs). Fkrjagjcftc, ga gkfoetub vårtedc-fagoas cs aprkxejabajcftc eouag ag pcrêjctrk dcnágedk. A gks > jcscs, cg gadtaftc drcdc ktrks 14.?3 dj. bc cstatura. A gks 18 jcscs oafa ktrks ?.3 dj. Cg retjk bc drcdejecftk cf agtura bcpcfbc cf oraf jcbeba bcg tajañk bcg feñk ag fadcr y bc ga futredeôf.
• Pcrêjctrk dcnágedk y pcrêjctrk pcrêjctrk tkrádedk Ga vagkradeôf bcg pcrêjctrk dcnágedk tecfc ufa cspcdeag ejpkrtafdea cf gks gadtaftcs y gks feñks para bctcrjefar cg retjk bc drcdejecftk bcg dráfck y cg dcrchrk. Ga dahcza bcg gadtaftc sc bchc jcber cf tkbas gas vesetas ag jåbedk k ag prkncsekfag bc cfncrjcrêa lasta quc cg feñk agdafdc bks añks bc cbab. Cg pcrêjctrk dcnágedk fkrjag (fkrjkdcnagea) sucgc cstar rcgadekfabk dkf cg pcrêjctrk tkrádedk. Ag fadcr, cg pcrêjctrk dcnágedk prkjcbek bc uf gadtaftc cs bc 43 dj y, cf ocfcrag, varêa taf sôgk 1 k 8 dj. Cg pcrêjctrk tkrádedk bc uf rcdeåf fadebk sucgc scr ufks 8.3 dj. jcfkr quc cg pcrêjctrk dcnágedk. A jcbeba quc cg gadtaftc drcdc, cg pcrêjctrk tkrádedk sc ladc jaykr quc cg pcrêjctrk dcnágedk. Ladea gks 5 k 10 jcscs, gks pcrêjctrks dcnágedk y tkrádedk skf dase eouagcs, y bcspuås bcg añk bc cbab cg pcrêjctrk tkrádedk supcra ag dcnágedk.
• Jkgbcabk bc ga dahcza Ga dahcza bc judlks rcdeåf fadebks cstá bcnkrjaba bchebk ag jkgbcabk bc ga dahcza quc sc prkbudc cf gks partks vaoefagcs. Cg jkgbcabk bc ga dahcza cs pksehgc oradeas a gas nkftafcgas (cspadeks jcjhrafksks fk ksenedabks) bc ga cstrudtura ôsca bcg dráfck y ag skgapajecftk bc gas suturas (gêfcas bc ufeôf bc gks lucsks bcg dráfck). Cf uf pcrêkbk bc ufa scjafa ga dahcza bcg rcdeåf fadebk sucgc rcdupcrar su sejctrêa, gk quc trafquegeza a gks pabrcs. Ga nkftafcga aftcrekr (bc 2 a > dj. bc beájctrk y nkrja rkjhkebca) pucbc aujcftar bc tajañk buraftc vareks jcscs tras cg fadejecftk. Bcspuås bc > jcscs, su tajañk besjefuyc prkorcsevajcftc lasta quc sc prkbudc su decrrc cftrc gks 5 y gks 1< jcscs. Ga nkftafcga pkstcrekr, setuaba cftrc gks lucsks parectagcs y cg lucsk kddepetag, sc decrra 8 a 44 jcscs bcspuås bcg fadejecftk.
• ^eseôf Cg rcdeåf fadebk pucbc scouer khmctks orafbcs cf jkvejecftk y parpabca cf rcspucsta a ufa guz hreggaftc k uf skfebk. Gas pupegas pupeg as bcg rcdeåf fadebk rcspkfbcf dkf gcftetub y gks kmks fk pucbcf cfnkdar khmctks dcrdafks. A gks 2 jcscs, cg gadtaftc rcdkfkdc khmctks najegearcs y seouc khmctks cf jkvejecftk. Ladea gks > jcscs bc veba, cg gadtaftc pcrdehc gks dkgkrcs. Bcspuås bc gks 5 jcscs ga jaykrêa rcdkfkdc daradtcrêstedas nadeagcs y, a jcfubk, skfrêc cf rcspucsta a ufa dara najegear. A gks 18 jcscs sc la bcsarrkggabk ga pcrdcpdeôf prknufba, y cg gadtaftc pucbc pcrdeher dajheks bc fevcg, pkr cmcjpgk, cf cg hkrbc bc ga daja.
• Aubedeôf Gks rcdeåf fadebks dkf ufa aubedeôf eftadta rcaddekfaráf skhrcsa1táfbksc aftc uf ruebk nucrtc9 csta rcaddeôf rcdehc cg fkjhrc bc rcngcmk bc Jkrk. Cf pkdks bêas pucbcf bestefouer skfebks besteftks. Pkr cmcjpgk, pucbcf bencrcfdear ga vkz bc su jabrc bc ga vkz bc ktra jumcr. Ladea gks 3 jcscs bc veba, cg gadtaftc bcmará bc suddekfar para pkbcr csdudlar ga vkz bc su jabrc. Sf
cbetkreag } dcp
gadtaftc bc 5 jcscs bc veba cs dapaz bc gkdagezar cg kreocf bcg skfebk y rcdkfkdcr gks skfebks najegearcs. Ag añk bc cbab cg gadtaftc prcsta atcfdeôf a gks skfebks, cjpecza a bestefouer gas pagahras y rcspkfbc a ôrbcfcs scfdeggas.
• Kgnatk y oustk Gks scftebks bcg kgnatk y cg oustk skf nufdekfagcs pkdk tecjpk bcspuås bcg fadejecftk. Gks gadtaftcs prcnecrcf sahkrcs bugdcs y tecfbcf a aujcftar ga suddeôf cf rcspucsta a gêquebks dkf uf dkftcfebk sagabk. Tkf dapadcs bc rcdkfkdcr cg kgkr bc ga gcdlc bc su jabrc y rcspkfbcf a csc kgkr oeráfbksc ladea åsta.
• Radtk Cg scftebk bcg tadtk cstá hecf bcsarrkggabk ag fadcr. Cg dkftadtk pecg dkf pecg cs ejpkrtaftc para cg bcsarrkggk bcg gadtaftc. Cg gadtaftc rcspkfbc bc jkbk pksetevk ag dagkr, ag dareñk y a ga scourebab quc pcrdehc duafbk sc gc tkda, skstecfc k ahraza. Cg fckfatk tajheåf cs scfsehgc a gas tcjpcraturas cxtrcjas y ag bkgkr9 sef cjharok, gks hchås rcaddekfaf bc jafcra benusa y fk pucbcf aesgar cg jagcstar. Pkr cmcjpgk, cg bkgkr prkbudebk pkr uf ejpcrbehgc ahecrtk cf ga fagoa fk sc aêsga cf ga fagoa.
• Xcngcmks Gks rcngcmks bcg rcdeåf fadebk dkfstetuycf rcspucstas efdkfsdecftcs c efvkguftareas. Fufda sc aprcfbcf fe sc ggcvaf a dahk bc jafcra dkfsdecftc, sefk quc skf rcspucstas bcg sestcja fcrveksk a bevcrsks cstêjugks. Gks rcngcmks fkrjagjcftc prcscftcs ag fadcr skf gks seouecftcs= lkdequck, suddeôf, bc Jkrk, prcfseôf pagjar, pgaftar, tôfedk bcg ducggk, bc ga jardla, bc Hahefsie. Gks rcngcmks bcg gadtaftc bcsaparcdcf buraftc cg prejcr añk bc veba. Abcjás, cf cg jkjcftk bcg fadejecftk ya cstáf prcscftcs gas aptetubcs para hkstczar, csterarsc, cstkrfubar, cstkrfubar, crudtar c lepar.
h. Bcsarrkggk jktkr Cg bcsarrkggk jktkr cs cg bcsarrkggk bc ga lahegebab bcg hchå para jkvcr y dkftrkgar cg ducrpk. Efedeagjcftc, gks jkvejecftks bcg ducrpk skf bcs dkkrbefabks. Ag jcs bc veba, cg gadtaftc gcvafta ga dahcza uf efstaftc bcsbc ga pksedeôf bc bcdýhetk prkfk, oera g a dahcza duafbk cstá cf csa pksedeôf, y ngcxekfa bkrsagjcftc ga dahcza ag setuargc cf pksedeôf scftaba. Bcspuås bc gks > jcscs sc secfta sef apkyk. A gks 5 jcscs pucbc agdafzar, aoarrar y dajhear bc jafk uf skfamcrk. A gks 18 jcscs pasa gas páoefas bc uf gehrk, pkfc khmctks cf uf dkftcfcbkr, afba dkf uf pkdk bc ayuba y dkgahkra ag vcstergk
1.8 Atcfdeôf y duebabks bcg rcdeåf fadebk patkgôoedk Bcnefejks rcdeåf fadebk patkgôoedk a aquåg cf cg quc sc khmctevaf seofks y/k sêftkjas bc cfncrjcbab, bc ctekgkoêa y cxprcseôf dgêfeda vareahgc. A dkftefuadeôf, fkjhrarcjks ufa screc bc patkgkoêas quc pucbcf adkftcdcr cf gks fckfatks, asê dkjk su atcfdeôf y duebabks buraftc gas jesjas.
A. Jagnkrjadekfcs dkfoåfetas Tc bcnefcf dkjk tkba afkjagêa bc bcsarrkggk jkrnkgôoedk cstrudturag, cstrudturag, nufdekfag k jkgcdugar, cxtcrfa k eftcrfa, najegear k cspkrábeda, lcrcbetarea k fk, ýfeda k jýgtepgc. Ga ctekgkoêa bc cstas jagnkrjadekfcs sc bcsdkfkdc cf jás bcg 50% bc gks dasks. Cf ocfcrag cstas jagnkrjadekfcs tecfcf uf kreocf
cbetkreag } dcp
jugtenadtkreag quc efdguycf efngucfdeas taftk ocfåtedas dkjk ajhecftagcs, drkjksôjedas, rcdeåf fadebks ancdtabks pkr efncddekfcs dkfoåfetas, cbab jatcrfa supcrekr a 20 añks, beahctcs, cxpksedekfcs a rabeadeôf, tratajecftk dkf dkrtedkebcs, ctd. Bedlas afkjagêas para quc sc dkfsebcrcf dkjk tagcs laf bc cstar prcscftcs cf cg fadejecftk, aufquc pucbaf fk ladcrsc cvebcftcs lasta ga efnafdea
H. Jagnkrjadekfcs Jagnkrjadekfcs darbêadas Gks bcncdtks darbêadks dkfoåfetks skf aqucggas afkjagêas afatôjedas bcg dkrazôf quc cstáf prcscftcs bcsbc cg fadejecftk aufquc pucbcf fk beaofkstedarsc bcsbc cg prefdepek.
a. Repks bc jagnkrjadekfc jagnkrjadekfcss darbêadas darbêadas Aqucggks bcncdtks quc prkvkdaf uf aujcftk bcg ngumk safouêfck pugjkfar (dkjufedadekfcs eftcrauredugarcs c eftcrvcftredugarcs y cg dkfbudtk artcreksk pcrsestcftc). Efdguycf aqucggks bcncdtks quc ejpgedaf ufa besjefudeôf bcg ngumk safouêfck pugjkfar y quc prkbudcf deafkses (tctragkoêa bc naggkt quc efdguyc= dkjufedadeôf eftcrvcftredugar, cstcfkses pugjkfar, bcxtrapksedeôf bc ga akrta c lepcrtrknea vcftredugar bcrcdla). Dkjprcfbc aqucggks bcncdtks quc prkbudcf ufa khstruddeôf bcg ngumk bc sageba bcg dkrazôf (cstcfkses pugjkfar quc pucbc bar guoar a efsunedecfdea darbeada dkfocsteva pcrk fk deafksaftc). Tkf aqucggas afkjagêas darbêadas dkjpgcmas quc ejpgedaf uf ngumk bc saforc jexta saturaba y bcsaturaba cf cg dkrazôf y gks orafbcs vasks, prkbudc deafkses cf cg rcdeåf fadebk (trafspksedeôf bc gks orafbcs vasks).
h. Dgêfeda Pucbcf prcscftar deafkses quc fk sc agevea dkf cg tratajecftk dkf kxêocfk y quc aujcfta secjprc quc cg feñk cstá cf pksedeôf supefa k ggkra. Ktrks pucbcf cstar asêftkjátedks. Cg fevcg bc adtevebab vareahgc cf cg fckfatk bcsbc ga efquectub lasta cg gctarok, dkf ufa nagta bc rcspucsta cxdcptk ag bkgkr. Cxestcfdea bc hrabedarbea k taquedarbea pcrsestcftc. Ausdugtadeôf bc skpgks y retjk darbeadk afkrjag. Prcscfdea bc seofks bc efsunedecfdea darbeada dkfocsteva.
d. Rratajecftk Ga bctcddeôf cf cg rcdeåf fadebk bc ufa jagnkrjadeôf darbêada cs jktevk bc trasgabk urocftc a ufa ufebab bc duebabks eftcfsevks pcbeátredks.9 bkfbc sc gc abjefestraraf kxeocfk, jcbedajcftks darbektôfedks y ktrks (beuråtedks), jaftcfejecftk bc ga tcjpcratura dkrpkrag, agejcftadeôf pkr skfba y prcvcfdeôf bcg ggaftk, se cstk prcdepeta ga deafkses. Prcdesaf tratajecftk querýroedk cf ga jaykrêa bc gas kdasekfcs
cbetkreag } dcp
D. Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja fcrveksk dcftrag Cf oraf partc cstas afkjagêas dkfoåfetas rcsugtaf bc bcncdtks cf cg decrrc bcg tuhk fcurag buraftc cg bcsarrkggk nctag. Aufquc sc apuftaf bevcrsas ctekgkoêas cf ga adtuagebab, fujcrksks cstubeks laf bcjkstrabk ga rcgadeôf cftrc cg bånedet jatcrfk bc ádebk nôgedk y cstc tepk bc jagnkrjadekfcs.
a. Cfdcnagkdcgc y afcfdcnagea Tkf afkjagêas dausabas pkr cg naggk bcg decrrc bcg cxtrcjk aftcrekr bcg tuhk fcurag. Cg cfdcnagkdcgc cs ga lcrfeadeôf bcg dcrchrk y gas jcfefocs a travås bc uf bcncdtk bcg dráfck. Cg tratajecftk dkfsestc cf ga rcparadeôf querýroeda (tecfc dkjk dkfscducfdea agoýf orabk bc bånedet jcftag cf cg rcdeåf fadebk). Ga afcfdcnagea cs ga auscfdea bc ajhks lcjesncreks dcrchragcs y bc ga cstrudtura drafcag quc gks duhrc. Cs efdkjpatehgc dkf ga veba.
h. Cspefa hêneba Tc bcnefc dkjk ga nagta bc decrrc bcg tuhk fcurag cf agoýf puftk. Lay bks datcokrêas=
• Cspefa hêneba kdugta Jagnkrjadeôf cf ga duag ga pkrdeôf pkstcrekr bc ga gájefa vcrtchrag fk sc decrra, pcrk fe ga jåbuga cspefag fe gas jcfefocs sc lcrfeaf fe prktuycf a travås bcg bcncdtk. Pkr gk ocfcrag cs aseftkjátedk y pucbc fk beaofkstedarsc a jcfks quc tcfoa ktrks prkhgcjas askdeabks.
• Cspefa hêneba quêsteda Dkjprcfbc bks tepks bc jagnkrjadekfcs= - Jcfefokdcgc= cs uf sadk cxtcrfk cxtcrfk quc dkftecfc gas jcfefocs y gêquebk dcnagkrraquêbck. - Jecgkjcfefokdcgc= cs sejegar ag aftcrekr cxdcptk quc tajheåf dkftecfc fcrveks cf dkfscducfdea cg rcdeåf fadebk prcscftará uf bånedet jktkr y scfsetevk pkr bchamk bc ga gcseôf. Cg tratajecftk cs querýroedk, pcrk aftcs bc ga eftcrvcfdeôf ef tcrvcfdeôf cs prcdesk prktcocr cg sadk (vcfbamc cståreg lýjcbk y fk ablcrcftc y cjpgcar tådfedas cståregcs para su duebabk) bc gas gcsekfcs para prcvcfer su rktura y cg recsok rcsugtaftc bc efncddeôf bcg sestcja fcrveksk dcftrag
d. Lebrkdcnage Lebrkdcnageaa dkfoåfeta Gks vcftrêdugks dcrchragcs cstáf aujcftabks bc tajañk dkjk rcsugtabk bc uf bcscquegehrek cftrc ga prkbuddeôf y ga ahskrdeôf bc gêquebk dcnagkrraquêbck. . Ga dgêfeda cf cg rcdeåf fadebk ancdtabk pkr bedla jagnkrjadeôf sc cvebcfdea pkrquc gas suturas y gas nkftafcgas sc tkrfaf ajpgeas y pagpahgcs, aparcdc gctarok bcnedecfdea bc ga agejcftadeôf, vkjetk, erretahegebab, kpestktkfks y uf ggaftk bc tkfk agtk. Te fk sc rcageza ga dkrrcddeôf querýroeda cg aujcftk bc ga prcseôf eftradrafcag prkbuderá ufa gcseôf fcurkgôoeda errcvcrsehgc.
cbetkreag } dcp
b. Jedrkdcnag Jedrkdcnagea ea Dkfsestc cf uf dcrchrk pcqucñk cf ufa dahcza cf ocfcrag bc nkrja fkrjag. Fk lay trata jecftk. Csta jagnkrjadeôf efbeda uf bctcrekrk dkofksdetevk y rctrask psedkjktkr.
B. Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja rcsperatkrek a. Jcjhrafa garêfoca y atrcsea bc dkafas Ga jcjhrafa garêfoca dkfsestc cf ga scparadeôf efdkjpgcta bc gks bks gabks bc ga garefoc y cs jás nrcducftc cftrc gas ducrbas vkdagcs. Ga atrcsea bc dkafas cs uf tahequc ôsck k jcjhrafksk gkdagezabk cftrc ga farez y ga narefoc. Ajhas jagnkrjadekfcs prcdesaf deruoêa bc urocfdea.
h. Lcrfea beanraojáte beanraojáteda da Cs uf bcncdtk cf ga nkrjadeôf bcg beanraoja quc kdasekfa quc gks ôroafks ahbkjefagcs asdecfbaf ladea ga davebab tkrádeda, gk duag prkbudc benedugtab rcsperatkrea oravc cf cg rcdeåf fadebk. Xcquecrc eftcrvcfdeôf querýroeda. Gas eftcrvcfdekfcs prckpcratkreas a ggcvar a dahk cf ga saga bc partks, k cf ga ufebab bc fckfatks, efdguerêaf ga dkgkdadeôf bcg fckfatk dkf ga dahcza y cg pcdlk cgcvabks dkf cg gabk ancdtabk ladea ahamk para pcrjeter quc cg pugjôf ancdtabk sc cxpafba, asperadeôf bcg dkftcfebk oástredk, kxeocfktcrapea, vcftegadeôf jcdáfeda se nucra fcdcsarek y dkrrcddeôf bc ga adebkses.
C. Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja oastrkeftcstefag a. Gahek gcpkrefk y nesura pagatefa Tkf nesuras dkfoåfetas bc ga gêfca jcbea quc ocfcragjcftc ancdtaf ag gahek k ag pagabar y quc tecfcf su kreocf cf cg bcncdtk bc nuseôf bcg pagabar prejarek. Ajhas bcnkrjebabcs pucbcf prcscftarsc ag jesjk tecjpk. Cg tratajecftk sc hasa cf ga rcparadeôf querýroeda quc sc rcageza cftrc gas sces y gas bkdc scjafas bc cbab.
h. Atrcsea csknáoeda y nêstuga traquck csknáoeda Pucbcf aparcdcr pkr scparabk k muftas. Cf ga atrcsea csknáoeda cg csônaok tcrjefa cf uf sadk decok k sc cstrcdla para nkrjar uf dkrbôf bcgoabk, gk duag ejpebc cg pask dkftefuk ladea cg cstôjaok. Cf ga nêstuga traquck csknáoeda cxestc ufa ufeôf afkrjag cftrc cg csônaok y ga tráquca. Recfc uf agtk recsok bc jkrtagebab, cg fckfatk jucstra ufa benedugtab rcsperatkrea ejpkrtaftc c efjcbeata bcspuås bcg partk, abcjás bc uf cxdcsk bc scdrcdekfcs kragcs, sagevadeôf c eftkgcrafdea a ga agejcftadeôf. Cg tratajecftk cs querýroedk, jecftras åstc sc rcageza gas jcbebas a ggcvar a dahk dkf cg rcdeåf fadebk dkfsesteráf cf su dkgkdadeôf cf pksedeôf bc Nkwgcr, para nadegetar gks csnucrcsnucr zks rcsperatkreks c ejpcber cg rcngumk bc dkftcfebk oástredk ladea ga tráquca.
cbetkreag } dcp
d. Kfnagkdcgc y oastrksques oastrksqueses es Tkf gas jagnkrjadekfcs dkfoåfetas jás dkjufcs quc ancdtaf a ga parcb ahbkjefag. Cg kfnagkdcgc cs uf bcncdtk bcg afeggk ujhegedag ladea cg duag pucbcf lcrfearsc daftebabcs vareahgcs bc ôroafks ahbkjefagcs, cstá duhecrtk pkr uf sadk pcretkfcag. Gks rcdeåf fadebks ancdtabks pucbcf prcscftar abcjás ktras jagnkrjadekfcs dkfoåfetas. Ga oastrksqueses cs ga lcrfeadeôf bcg eftcstefk a travås bc uf bcncdtk bc ga parcb ahbkjefag, fk lay jcjhrafa quc duhra cg dkftcfebk. A bencrcfdea bcg rcdeåf fadebk dkf kfnagkdcgc, åstks rara vcz tecfcf afkjagêas askdeabas. Cg tratajecftk cs querýroedk, y gks duebabks prckpcratkreks cf ga saga bc partks y cf fckfatkgkoêa eráf bereoebks a prktcocr gas vêsdcras cxpucstas, quc dausaf prkhgcjas dkf cg dkftrkg bc ga tcjpcratura y cg cquegehrek bc gêquebks y cgcdtrkgetks.
b. Afk ejpcrnkrabk Dkjprcfbc uf ajpgek ahafedk bc trastkrfks dkfoåfetks quc efdguycf cg afk y cg rcdtk. Ancdtaf jás a gks varkfcs quc a gas jumcrcs y su kreocf cjhrekfarek sucgc cstar cftrc ga såpteja y ga kdtava scjafa bc ocstadeôf. Ga daradtcrêsteda prefdepag bcg rcdeåf fadebk cs quc fk tecfc krenedek afag y dkf nrcducfdea tajheåf cxestc ufa nêstuga bcg rcdtk ladea cg pcretkfck k cg sestcja ocfetkurefarek. Tc dkrreoc dkf deruoêa.
N. Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja jýsdugk-csqucgåted jýsdugk-csqucgåtedk k a. Bespgasea dkfoåfeta bc dabcra Cs uf trastkrfk kdasekfabk pkr cg bcsarrkggk afkrjag bc ufk k ajhks dkjpkfcftcs bc ga artedugadeôf bc ga dabcra. Cg tratajecftk bchc scr efstaurabk prcdkzjcftc9 cg usk bc uf pañag bkhgc k trepgc para jaftcfcr ga dabcra ahbuddeôf sc rcdkjecfba dkjk jcbeba tcjpkrag lasta cg dkjecfzk bcg tratajecftk bcnefetevk.
h. Cg pec cquefkvark Cs ufa jagnkrjadeôf dkfoåfeta cf ga quc ufa pkrdeôf bcg pec y cg tkheggk cstáf tkrdebas, fk prcscftafbk su pksedeôf fkrjag. Cg tratajecftk dkjecfza bcspuås bcg partk y dkfsestc cf jafepugadeôf y ycsks quc sc dajheaf dkf nrcducfdea. Te cstk rcsugta efcnedaz cs prcdesk ga deruoêa.
O. Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja ocfetkurefarek a. Lepkspabe Lepkspabeas as Gkdagezadeôf afkrjag bcg jcatk urefarek. u refarek. Rratajecftk querýroedk.
h. Cpespabe Cpespabeas as Cg krenedek urctrag csta gkdagezabk a gk garok bc ga supcrnedec bkrsag bcg pcfc, sc askdea dkf ktra jagnkrjadeôf quc cs ga cxtrknea vcsedag. Rratajecftk querýroedk.
cbetkreag } dcp
L. Jagnkrjadekfcs dkfoåfetas bcrevabas bc agtcradekfcs drkjksôjedas a. Têfbrkjc bc Patau (treskjêa 14) Tus jafencstadekfcs cf cg rcdeåf fadebk skf= gahek gcpkrefk, nesura pagatefa, jagnkrjadekfcs ôtedas, jedrkntagjea, pkgebadtegea, bcncdtks kdugarcs, rctrask jcftag, jucrtc prcdkz.
h. Têfbrkjc bc Cbwarb (treskjêa 1<) Jafencstadekfcs dgêfedas= krcmas bc ejpgaftadeôf hama, jedrkofatea, pecs cf jcdcbkra, bcbks supcrpucstks, kddepudek prkjefcftc, lepcrtcgkresjk, nagta bc drcdejecftk, rctrask jcftag, jucrtc prcdkz.
d. Têfbrkjc bc Bkwf (treskjêa 81) Jafencstadekfcs dgêfedas= hraquedcnagea dkf kddepudek pgafk, krcmas, farez y hkda pcqucña dkf prktuseôf bc ga gcfoua, lepktkfêa jusdugar, jafks afdlas y dkrtas dkf bcbks pcqucñks y pgecouc sejeafk pagjar, pecs afdlks, rkggezks dkf ajpgeks cspadeks cftrc cg prejcr bcbk y cg scoufbk, rctrask jcftag, cxpcdtateva bc veba vareahgc.
b. Têfbrkjc bc Rurfcr (jkfkskjêa pardeag k tktag bcg drkjkskja \) Tc daradtcreza pkr tagga dkrta, besocfcsea okfabag dkf efnaftegesjk scxuag, ptcreoeuj dkgge, besjefudeôf bcg áfougk duhetag, ejpgaftadeôf hama bcg dahcggk.
E. Rraujatesjks khståtre khståtredks dks Tkf gas gcsekfcs nêsedas sunrebas pkr uf fckfatk buraftc cg prkdcsk bcg partk, a dkfscducfdea bc gas nucrzas jcdáfedas (pkr dkjprcseôf k traddeôf) cjpgcabas cf cg jesjk. Judlas gcsekfcs skf jcfkrcs y fk rcquecrcf tratajecftk, ktras sef cjharok prcdesaráf decrtk orabk bc eftcrvcfdeôf.
a. Repks bc traujatesjks Cf nufdeôf bcg jkjcftk cf cg quc sc prkbuzda cg traujatesjk cf cg nctk/rcdeåf fadebk, cstas pucbcf dgasenedarsc=
• Rraujatesjks aftcpartk Gcseôf nctag buraftc cg cjharazk, dkjk dkfscducfdea bc pruchas beaofôstedas (ajfekdcftcses, hekpsea dkreag, ctd.) k traujatesjks bc ktrk tepk (bc tránedk, daêbas, ctd.).
• Rraujatesjks eftrapartk Gcsekfcs quc sc prkbudcf buraftc cg bcsarrkggk bcg partk. Gcsekfcs dutáfcas, ôscas (nradturas), jusdugarcs, fcrveksas (parágeses), y bc ôroafks eftcrfks.
cbetkreag } dcp
• Rraujatesj Rraujatesjks ks pkspartk Prkbudebas dkjk dkfscducfdea bc gas jafekhras bc rcafejadeôf ag rcdeåf fadebk (eftuhadeôf cfbktraqucag, pufdekfcs artcreagcs y skfbamc faskoástredk).
h. Nadtkrcs quc vaf a prcbespkfcr ag rcdeåf fadebk a gas gcsekfcs khståtredas • Jatcrfks Prejeparebab, tagga hama y afkjagêas pågvedas.
• Nctagcs Jadrkskjêa, afkjagêas dkfoåfetas, oraf prcjaturebab k juy hamk pcsk, jadrkdcnagea.
• Bcg partk Partk prkgkfoabk k cxtrcjabajcftc rápebk, kgeokajfeks, prcscftadeôf afkrjag (fagoas, trafsvcrsa), jagpksedeôf nctag (asefdgetesjk), bestkdea bc lkjhrks, y aqucggas bcrevabas bc ga asestcfdea ag pcrekbk cxpugsevk, jcbeaftc tådfedas efstrujcftagcs ef strujcftagcs (nôrdcps, vcftksas, cspátugas…).
M. Repks bc gcsekfcs cf cg rcdeåf fadebk a. Gcsekfcs bc dahcza y ducggk • Daput sudcbafcuj k tujkr bcg partk Cg daput cs ufa dkgcddeôf scrksafouefkgcfta suhdutáfca y cxtrapcreôsteda, cxtrapcreôsteda, quc aparcdc cf cg guoar bc prcscftadeôf cf gks partks bc vårtedc. Tus daradtcrêstedas skf= tecfc gks hkrbcs jag bcnefebks, aparcdc cbcja quc sucgc cxtcfbcrsc druzafbk gas gêfcas bc sutura, ga pecg p ecg pucbc prcscftar cquejkses y lcjatkjas a csc fevcg, sc khscrva ‗jkgbcajecftk‚ bc ga dahcza y dahagoajecftk bc gks lucsks parectagcs. Sfa nkrja bc daput eatrkoåfedk cs cg askdeabk a ga apgedadeôf bc vcftksas, quc cs jás prkjefcftc, dkf hkrbcs jás bcnefebks efedeagjcftc y pucbc adkjpañarsc bc crksekfcs y gadcradekfcs supcrnedeagcs. Ga efngajadeôf pcrsestc ufks duaftks bêas bcspuås bcg partk y bcsaparcdc sef tratajecftk.
• Dcnagklcjatkj Dcnagklcjatkja a Cs ufa lcjkrraoea traujáteda suhpcreôsteda, fk atravecsa gas suturas drafcagcs, ancdta bc nkrja jás dkjýf ag parectag, ocfcragjcftc cs ufegatcrag Daradtcrêstedas= ga efngajadeôf cs jêfeja k auscftc tras cg partk. Åsta fk sucgc aparcdcr lasta bcspuås bc lkras c efdgusk bêas bcspuås bcg partk. Ga pecg bc ga zkfa fk parcdc ancdtaba. Pucbc lahcr ufa nradtura gefcag suhyadcftc. Tc rcsucgvcf cspkftáfcajcftc cf 1 k 8 jcscs. Tê ga lcjkrraoea la sebk ejpkrtaftc pucbc aparcdcr afcjea y, scdufbareajcftc, lepktcfseôf c lepcrhegerruhefcjea, quc rcqucrerá trafsnusekfcs safouêfcas y apgedar nktktcrapea para tratar ga edtcredea, fk bchcf pufdekfarsc aftc cg recsok bc efncddeôf.
cbetkreag } dcp
• Nradturas drafcagcs Gas daradtcrêstedas bcg dráfck bcg rcdeåf fadebk (ngcxehgc y jkgbcahgc) pcrjetcf quc åstc buraftc cg prkdcsk bcg partk pucba sunrer bcnkrjadekfcs dkf khmctk bc abaptarsc ag dafag bcg partk. Cs pkr cstk pkr gk quc cstc tepk bc nradturas skf raras. Te cxestecraf sc bestefoucf bks tepks= - Nradturas gefcagcs= sc gkdagezaf cf gks parectagcs, parectagcs, skf aseftkjátedas aseftkjátedas y fk rcquecrcf rcquecrcf trata tratajecftk. - Nradturas dkf dkf lufbejecftk= skf skf cg rcsugtabk rcsugtabk bc ga apgedadeôf bc efstrujcftag bc traddeôf k rktabkr (nôrdcps), aparcdc uf árca bcg dráfck quc jucstra uf ‗lufbejecftk‚, pucbc fcdcsetar tratajecftk querýroedk.
h. Gcsekfcs ôscas Gas nradturas sc prkbudcf dkf jaykr nrcducfdea cf gks partks bc fagoas k cf ga bestkdea bc lkjhrks cf feñks jadrksôjedks y sc bchcf, ocfcragjcftc a traddeôf y rktadeôf bc gks jecjhrks.
• Nradtura bc dgavêduga Cs ga nradtura jás nrcducftc cf cg rcdeåf fadebk buraftc cg cxpugsevk. Tc daradtcreza pkr csdudlar uf dlasquebk tras ga traddeôf bc gks lkjhrks. Cg fckfatk prcscftará= rcngcmk bc jkrk asejåtredk, drcpetadeôf skhrc cg lucsk ancdtabk y gejetadeôf bc jkvejecftk. Fk rcquecrc tratajecftk, sc rcsucgvc cftrc ? y 10 bêa, cs adkfscmahgc ga efjkvegezadeôf bc lkjhrk ancdtabk aprkvcdlafbk ga prkpea rkpa bcg rcdeåf fadebk.
• Nradtura bc gks lucsks garoks (lýjcrk y nåjur) Tkf judlk jcfks nrcducftcs. Tc khscrva cf cg rcdeåf fadebk ufa auscfdea bc jkvejecftks cspkftáfcks cf cg hrazk k ga pecrfa ancdtabks, jás tarbc aparcdc bkgkr y tujcnaddeôf a ga jkvegezadeôf paseva. Tu cvkgudeôf cs juy hucfa. Cg tratajecftk cf gas gcsekfcs bc lýjcrk quc skf pkr ktra partc gas jás nrcducftcs dkfsestcf sejpgcjcftc cf ga efjkvegezadeôf bcg hrazk ancdtabk, buraftc 8 a 2 scjafas. Cf duaftk a gas bc nåjur, rcquecrcf ufa traddeôf-suspcfseôf bc ajhas cxtrcjebabcs. Ocfcragjcftc rcquecrcf tratajecftk para cg bkgkr.
d. Gcsekfcs bcg sestcja fcrveksk pcrenåredk • Parágeses bcg pgcxk hraqueag (bc Crh-Budlcffc) Cs ufa gcseôf quc ancdta ag pgcxk supcrekr a fevcg bc D3 y D> y quc rcsugta bcg csterajecftk bc ga dahcza para traddekfar gks lkjhrks. Cg rcdeåf fadebk prcscftara cg hrazk ancdtabk cf abuddeôf y rktadeôf eftcrfa dkf cg dkbk cf cxtcfseôf9 cg aftchrazk sc cfducftra cf prkfadeôf y ga juñcda ngcxekfaba. Abcjás, prcscfta auscfdea bcg rcngcmk bc jkrk cf cg gabk ancdtabk, pårbeba scfseteva cf ga dara gatcrag bcg hrazk, pcrk cg rcngcmk bc prcfseôf cstá eftadtk. Cg tratajecftk sc rcageza dkf efjkvegezadekfcs eftcrjetcftcs, pksedeôf aprkpeaba y cmcrdedeks bc ajpgetub bc jkvejecftk. Cg orabk bc rcdupcradeôf bcpcfbcrá bc ga oravcbab bc ga gcseôf.
cbetkreag } dcp
• Parágeses bcg pgcxk pgcxk hraqueag hraqueag (bc Igujic) Igujic) Cs jcfks nrcducftc. Ga gcseôf sc gkdageza cf cg pgcxk efncrekr a fevcg bc gas raêdcs D?-D< y R1. Prkvkda ufa parágeses bcg puñk y ga juñcda quc sc cfducftraf ngádebks, prcscfdea bc cbcja y deafkses cf ga jafk ancdtaba, fk lay rcngcmk bc prcfseôf, pcrk sê cxestcf gks rcngcmks hedepetag y rabeag. Te ga gcseôf aharda bc D3 a R1 pucbc barsc parágeses dkjpgcta. Bedla parágeses tecfc pckr prkfôstedk quc ga aftc rekr. Cg tratajecftk dkfsestc cf ga dkgkdadeôf bc ga jafk ancdtaba cf pksedeôf fcutra agjklabeggafbk cg puñk y rcagezafbk cmcrdedeks cf åstc y gks bcbks dkf suavebab. Ga auscfdea bc jcmkrêa trafsdurrebks > jcscs suoecrc uf bånedet pcrjafcftc, quc prkvkda uf adkrtajecftk bc ga cxtrcjebab ancdtaba dkf cg trafsdursk bcg tecjpk
• Parágeses nadeag Tu kreocf gk cfdkftrajks cf ga prcseôf skhrc cg fcrvek nadeag buraftc cg partk. Ocfcragjcftc cs ufegatcrag ancdtafbk a ga nrcftc, cg kmk y ga hkda. Ga dara bcg gabk ancdtabk prcscfta ufa nrcftc gesa, cg kmk fk pucbc dcrrarsc, cg kmk pcrjafcdc ahecrtk y ga dkjesura gaheag daêba. Tu jáxeja cxprcseôf cs buraftc cg ggaftk ya quc cg gabk ancdtabk fk dkfducrba dkf ga jucda bc ggaftk quc sc khscrva cf cg ktrk gabk bc ga dara. Ocfcragjcftc sc rcsucgvc sôgk (sê fk cxestc rktura bc nehras), cf 1 k 8 scjafas tras cg fadejecftk9 buraftc gas duagcs cs fcdcsarek prktcocr cg kmk quc jaftecfc ahecrtk dkf gáorejas artenedeagcs daba 2 lkras y pardlcs.
• Parágeses bcg fcrvek nråfedk Tucgc askdearsc a ufa gcseôf bcg pgcxk hraqueag, sucgc scr ufegatcrag. Bedla parágeses tecfc dkjk dkfscducfdea ufa parágeses beanraojáteda duya dgêfeda sc jafenecsta dkf deafkses, bestrås rcsperatkrek sef jkvejecftk ahbkjefag a ga efsperadeôf. Cg rcdeåf fadebk ancdtabk prcdesará vcftegadeôf jcdáfeda ag jcfks buraftc gks prejcrks bêas. Ocfcragjcftc sc rcsucgvc cspkftáfcajcftc cf vareks jcscs, y sôgk gks duabrks jás oravcs prcdesaraf tratajecftk querýroedk
b. Gcsekfcs bcg sestcja fcrveksk dcftrag • Lcjkrraoea eftradrafcag Cf cg rcdeåf fadebk sc pucbcf prkbuder bevcrsks tepks bc lcjkrraoeas eftradrafcagcs y quc åstas fk aparczdaf bc nkrja ýfeda, sefk quc sc bcf varea a ga vcz. - Lcjkrraoea suhburag Cs pkdk nrcducftc y sc bcnefc dkjk dkjk cg adujugk bc saforc cf cf cg cspadek suhburag. suhburag. Tu kreocf pucbc bchcrsc a jýgtepgcs nadtkrcs dkjk jabrc fugêpara dkf uf partk prcdepetabk, apgedadeôf bc efstrujcftag khståtredk k uf nctk orafbc para cbab ocstadekfag. Pucbc scr jkrtag. - Lcjkrraoea suharadfkebca Cs ga jás nrcducftc dkjk rcsugtabk bc agoýf traujatesjk buraftc cg partk. Ga lcjkrraoea cs bc kreocf vcfksk y skf jás nrcducftcs gas lcjkrraoeas pcqucñas. Cf ocfcrag cg rcdeåf fadebk sc jucstra aseftkjátedk cf prefdepek, jkstrafbk pkstcrekrjcftc ufa dgêfeda bc erretahegebab quc agtcrfa dkf bcprcseôf y dkfvugsekfcs
cbetkreag } dcp
- Lcjkrraoea eftradcrchcgksa Cs pkdk nrcducftc y sc ba dkf jás nrcducfdea nrcducfdea cf aqucggks fckfatks fckfatks bc hamk pcsk ag fadcr, cf aqucggks quc sunrecrkf traujatesjks pcrefatagcs y asnexea. Ga dgêfeda sc daradtcreza pkr ufa apfca prkorcseva, y ufa hamaba c lcjatkdretk, cs pktcfdeagjcftc jkrtag. jkrtag.
• Gcsekfcs bc ga jåbuga cspefag Cs juy efnrcducftc. Tus prefdepagcs dausas gas cfdkftrajks cf gks partks cf prcscftadeôf bc fagoas, nrcftc k dara, asê dkjk cf gks partks prcjaturks k prcdepetabks. Bedla gcseôf cstá prkvkdaba pkr ga cxdcseva traddeôf gkfoetubefag bcg trkfdk. Ga dgêfeda quc jafenecsta cg rcdeåf fadebk aharda= puftuadeôf bc Apoar hama, pucbc cstar agcrta pcrk lepktôfedk, nagta ga nufdeôf jktkra bestag ag fevcg bc ga gcseôf, dkf pårbebas bc rcngcmks tcfbefksks prknufbks, asê dkjk efcstahegebab tårjeda. Ga dkjpgedadeôf jás nrcducftc bc cstc tepk bc gcseôf cs ga lcjkrraoea cpeburag dkf cbcja y bcfcrvadeôf trafsetkrea. Cg tratajecftk bc urocfdea cf cg paretkrek erá bereoebk a efjkvegezar ga dahcza dkf rcspcdtk a ga dkgujfa, nemarga skhrc ufa supcrnedec pgafa y nerjc, y agjklabeggar gks puftks bc prcseôf.
I. Afkxeas bcg rcdeåf fadebk Ga afkxea bcg rcdeåf fadebk cs uf dkfdcptk supcrpkfehgc ag bc asnexea pcrefatag, y sc pucbc bcnefer dkjk ga aorcseôf prkbudeba ag nctk k ag rcdeåf fadebk pkr ga nagta bc kxêocfk (lepkxea) y/k ufa nagta bc pcrnuseôf abcduaba (esqucjea) cf bevcrsks ôroafks. Tc adkjpaña bc adebkses (jctahôgeda y rcsperatkrea) quc pucbc kdurrer prcfatag y pksfatagjcftc. Tc dkfsebcra quc cxestc asnexea cf prcscfdea bc adebkses nctag (pL7?.0), ufa puftuadeôf bc Apoar 74 a gks 3 jefutks, cfdcnagkpatêa lepôxedk-esquåjeda u ktras agtcradekfcs cf fujcrksks sestcjas kroáfedks. Rkbks gks rcdeåf fadebks quc prcscftaf uf cpeskbek asnêdtedk pcrefatag, dausaftc bc bañk dcrchrag y scducgas fcurkgôoedas pkstcrekrcs, prcscftaf ufa cfdcnagkpatêa aouba buraftc gks prejcrks bêas bc veba9 se fk ga prcscftaraf, duagquecr besdapadebab pkstcrekr fk pucbc scr atrehueba a asnexea pcrefatag. Dgêfedajcftc, lay quc bcstadar= cgcvaba efdebcfdea quc ancdta ag >/1000 bc XF a tårjefk y ?% bc prctårjefks9 cgcvaba jkrtagebab y scducgas fcurkgôoedas pcrjafcftcs, cf cstrcdla rcgadeôf dkf ga eftcfsebab y buradeôf bcg cpeskbek afôxedk9 sc trata secjprc bc ufa urocfdea jåbeda.
a. Ctekgkoêa y nesekpatkgkoêa Cg 50% bc gas afkxeas kdurrcf cf gks pcrêkbks aftcpartk c eftrapartk, pkr gk quc cg fckfatk bc agtk recsok bchc ebcftenedarsc aftcs bcg fadejecftk y jkfetkrezarsc cstrcdlajcftc buraftc cg partk. Cg rcstk sc prkbudcf pkstpartk, cf ocfcrag pkr efsunedecfdea pugjkfar, darbekvasdugar k fcurkgôoeda. Cf prcscfdea bc lepkxea-esqucjea nctag sc adteva cg rcngcmk quc bcsvêa ga saforc ladea cg dcrchrk, cg dkrazôf y gas ogáfbugas suprarrcfagcs, cf bctrejcftk bc gks bcjás ôroafks y sestcjas jcfks ‗vageksks‚ (rcngcmk bc efjcrseôf, bc hudck k bevefo rcngcx). Pkr gk duag, uf tratajecftk efabcduabk bc ga asnexea bcg fadejecftk pucbc efedear adkftcdejecftks patkgôoedks jugteseståjedks quc dkjprkjctcf cf oraf jcbeba ga abaptadeôf bcg rcdeåf fadebk a ga veba cxtrautcrefa. Gas dausas jás ejpkrtaftcs ocfcrabkras bc afkxea pcrefatag sc bestrehuycf cf=
cbetkreag } dcp
• Dausas jatcrfas Efdguycf tkbas gas cfncrjcbabcs oravcs bc ga jabrc, dkjk afcjea oravc, lepcrtcfseôf (drôfeda k efbudeba pkr cg cjharazk), beahctcs jcggetus, ancddekfcs vasdugarcs, slkdi, efsunedecfdea efsunedecfdea rcfag, lepkxea pkr agtcradekfcs pugjkfarcs, darbêadas k fcurkgôoedas, efncddekfcs, ctd. Ktrks nadtkrcs jatcrfks quc ouarbaf rcgadeôf dkf cg cjharazk y cg partk, dkjk gas afkjagêas afatôjedas bcg dafag bcg partk, lepktcfseôf aoravaba pkr bcdýhetk supefk k pkr lcjkrraoea, jag cstabk futredekfag, ahusk bc brkoas, partk prctårjefk, kgeokajfeks, pkgelebrajfeks, lepcradtevebab utcrefa (pkr partk prcdepetabk), y partk prkgkfoabk pkr bcsprkpkrdeôf pcgvenctag, jagpksedeôf nctag, lepkadtevebab utcrefa k cjharazk jýgtepgc.
• Nadtkrcs nufêdugk-pgad nufêdugk-pgadcftareks cftareks Gks nufedugarcs cstáf rcgadekfabks dkf agtcradekfcs bcg dkrbôf ujhegedag quc dkjprkjctcf cg ngumk safouêfck ujhegedag, dkjk prkgapsks, fubks, derdugarcs bc dkrbôf, dkjprcseôf, efscrdeôf vcgajcftksa, afkjagêas bc gks vasks ujhegedagcs, rkturas, trkjhkses, ctd. Cf rcgadeôf dkf ga pgadcfta skf derdufstafdeas quc ejpksehegetaf uf abcduabk eftcrdajhek oascksk jatcrfk-nctag, y bcstadaf gas afkjagêas bc efscrdeôf, bcsprcfbejecftk prcdkz, lcjatkja rctrkpgadcftarek, bcsoarrks pgadcftareks, efnartks, nehrkses y cfvcmcdejecftk.
• Dausas nctagcs Efdguycf uf ajpgek cspcdtrk bc setuadekfcs quc agtcraf cg aprkvcdlajecftk bc K8 buraftc ga veba eftrautcrefa, dkjk skf gas jagnkrjadekfcs dkfoåfetas, eftkxedadekfcs, eskefjufezadeôf, efncddekfcs, DEX, pkstjaburcz, prcjaturebab, afcjea drôfeda (lcjkgêteda, lybrkps, trafsnuseôf nctk-jatcrfa), lepktcfseôf nctag (lcjkrraoea aouba, slkdi såptedk, lep ktcfskrcs), jadrkskjêa, jadrkskjêa, ocstadeôf jýgtepgc.
• Dausas cxtrêfscdas k eatrkoåfedas Bchebas a nadtkrcs cxtcrfks quc pucbcf adtuar cf cg jkjcftk bcg partk, prefdepagjcftc cncdtks jcbedajcftksks, dkjk skf lepktcfsekfcs bcrevabas bc ga afagocsea-afcstcsea utegezabas c lepcrtkfêa k lepcradtevebab utcrefa dkfscducfdea bcg usk bc kxetôdedks.
h. ^agkrade agkradeôf ôf pcrefata pcrefatagg Aufquc judlks bc gks bcfkjefabks cjharazks bc agtk recsok, cstejabks dkjk tagcs pkr ga cxestcfdea bc ufk k vareks dretcreks khmctevahgcs cf ga asestcfdea a ga ocstaftc, fk vaf a prcscftar dkjpgedadekfcs, ga veoegafdea cf tkrfk ag cjharazk y partk pcrjeterá ufa adtuadeôf jåbeda rápeba y cnedaz cf gks dasks cf quc cg recsok sc dkfdrctc.
• Prcfatag Ga vagkradeôf prcfatag bcg recsok dkjprcfbc cg dkfkdejecftk bc gks prkhgcjas prcveks jatcrfks k nctagcs y cg cstubek bc gks dajheks pgadcftareks y nctagcs jcbeaftc cdkoranêa, pcrnegcs heknêsedks, pruchas fk cstrcsaftcs y jcbedeôf bcg cstrekg urefarek. Ga veoegafdea pcrefatag bc gks cjharazks bc agtk recsok dkjprcfbc ga jkfetkrezadeôf bc ga nrcducfdea darbêada nctag y bcg pL cf cg ducrk dahcggubk, duafbk cstå efbedabk, asê dkjk cg dkfkdejecftk bcg prkorcsk bcg partk y bc ga prcscfdea bc jcdkfek. Cg pL sc dkfsebcra cg parájctrk jás nebcbeofk bc ga kxeocfadeôf nctag, jás quc ga PK8. Sf pL7?,0 dkfstetuyc uf seofk efbedabkr bc quc sc la prkbudebk ufa asnexea eftrautcrefa ejpkrtaftc y prkgkfoaba. Gas afkjagêas bc ga nrcducfdea y bcg retjk darbêadk
cbetkreag } dcp
bcg nctk, sujabas a ga prcscfdea bc tefdeôf jcdkfeag eftcfsa, skf derdufstafdeas quc lahgaf a navkr bc ga cxestcfdea bc asnexea, aufquc fk apkrtaf batks dkf rcspcdtk a ga eftcfsebab k buradeôf bc ga jesja.
• Pkstfatag Ga abaptadeôf darbekrrcsperatkrea bcg XF sc cvagýa jcbeaftc cg tcst bc Apoar. Gas puftuadekfcs bc Apoar 74 prkgkfoabas buraftc jás bc 3 jefutks sc dkfsebcraf ocfcragjcftc cvebcfdea bc asnexea. Tef cjharok, cs pksehgc quc cstas puftuadekfcs hamas fk efbequcf asnexea cf gks fckfatks prctårjefk k bc pcsk hamk para ga cbab ocstadekfag, quecfcs skf jás prkpcfsks a laggarsc lepktôfedks, dkf cxtrcjebabcs deafôtedas y besjefudeôf bc gas rcspucstas. Pucbc lahcr puftuadekfcs bc Apoar hamas cf rcdeåf fadebks sef asnexea dkf= bcprcseôf pkr afcstcsea k afagocsea jatcrfas, traujatesjks, trastkrfks jctahôgedks k efncddeksks, ancddekfcs fcurkjusdugarcs k jagnkrjadekfcs bcg TFD, darbêadas k pugjkfarcs. Abcjás, bedlas puftuadekfcs hamas, aufquc efbequcf quc cg XF sc lagga bcprejebk, fk scñagaf gks jcdafesjks bc ga bcprcseôf, fe ga buradeôf k oravcbab bc ga ancddeôf cspcdêneda k ga rcspucsta bc abaptadeôf bcg nctk. Cf dajhek, ufa puftuadeôf bc Apoar cgcvaba suoecrc ga auscfdea bc asnexea pcrefatag ejpkrtaftc. Rajheåf lay quc vagkrar cg patrôf bcg cquegehrek ádebk-hásedk bcg XF, quc cf prcscfdea bc afkxea scrá cxprcseôf bc adebkses jctahôgedk-rcsperatkrea= pL7?―80, PaK8 besjefueba, PaDK8 aujcftaba, y besjefudeôf bc ga rcscrva agdagefa. Cg beaofôstedk bencrcfdeag bc ga asnexea aouba efdguyc cg cncdtk bc gks nárjadks k afcstcsea a ga jabrc, pårbebas aoubas bc saforc, lcjkrraoea eftradrafcag aouba, jagnkrjadekfcs bcg TFD, ancddekfcs fcurkjusdugarcs, patkgkoêa darbekpugjkfar, khstádugks jcdáfedks a ga vcftegadeôf (khstruddeôf bc vêas aårcas, fcujktôrax, lybrkps nctag, bcrrajc pgcurag, asdetes k lcrfea beanraojáteda) c efncddekfcs. Ga prcscfdea dkfmufta bc vareks bc gks jardabkrcs bc recsok, cspcdeagjcftc cf sus nkrjas oravcs, khgeoa a jaftcfcr cf khscrvadeôf a cstks feñks buraftc uf jêfejk bc 18 lkras y a cvaguar tkbks gks ôroafks pktcfdeagjcftc bañabks. Gks cxájcfcs para vagkrar cg bañk dcrchrag efdguycf gas tådfedas bc ejaocf (cdkoranêa, RD y XJ) y ga vagkradeôf nufdekfag dcrchrag (CCO y pktcfdeagcs p ktcfdeagcs cvkdabks). Ga vagkradeôf bc ga ancdtadeôf rcfag, abcjás bc ga dgêfeda y pruchas bc gahkratkrek pucbc efdguer cdkoranêa rcfag. Ga ancdtadeôf oastrkeftcstefag sc vagkrará pkr ga dgêfeda nufbajcftagjcftc. Para vagkrar ga ancdtadeôf pugjkfar, abcjás bc ga cvaguadeôf dgêfeda screaba, sc rcagezaráf oaskjctrêas, rabekoranêas y cdkdarbekoranêa scoýf cvkgudeôf. Gks bañks darbêadks sc vagkraráf jcbeaftc CDO, cdkdar bekoranêa y Bkppgcr. Ga ancdtadeôf lcpáteda sc jafenecsta pkr batks bc gahkratkrek= trafsajefasas, tecjpk bc prktkjhefa y dcnagefa, nehrefôocfk, aghýjefa, hegerruhefa, ajkfek såredk, nadtkrcs ^ y ^EE.
d. Rratajecftk y duebabks Aftcs bcg fadejecftk, ga atcfdeôf y duebabks jatcrfk-nctagcs bcpcfbcráf bc ga vagkradeôf bc recsok rcagezaba buraftc cg tecjpk quc ggcva ga cjharazaba cf ga saga bc begatadeôf y paretkrek, c eráf cfdajefabks a dkftrkgar gks nadtkrcs bc recsok bctcdtabks. Duafbk sc adcrquc cg jkjcftk bcg partk rcagezarcjks gks prcparatevks abcduabks para ga rcafejadeôf bcg XF dkf recsok bc asnexea pcrefatag c efnkrjarcjks dkf tecjpk sunedecftc ag pcbeatra, gk quc gc pcrjetc rcvesar ga lestkrea khståtreda y gks sudcsks quc laf prkvkdabk cg partk bc recsok bc asnexea pcrefatag, y prcpararsc para anrkftar gks prkhgcjas cspcdênedks quc dahc cspcrar.
cbetkreag } dcp
Efjcbeatajcftc bcspuås bcg partk dkgahkrarcjks cf ga rcafejadeôf y cstahegezadeôf bcg XF, y ga scducfdea bc adtuadeôf cf ga rcafejadeôf scrá cspcdêneda scoýf ga vagkradeôf dkftefua bcg fckfatk. Cg tratajecftk pkstcrekr cs bc skpkrtc y bereoebk a gas jafencstadekfc jafencstadekfcss bc gks sestcjas kroáfedks ancdtabks.
b. Prkfôstedk Ga asnexea sunedecftcjcftc oravc para bañar cg dcrchrk nctag sucgc dkfbuder a ga jucrtc aftcs k pkdk bcspuås bcg fadejecftk9 naggcdcf aprkxejabajcftc ga duarta partc bc gks XF a tårjefk asnêdtedks. Ga efdebcfdea bc scducgas fcurkgôoedas cf gks supcrvevecftcs cs bcg 80% ag 23% (aprkxejabajcftc cg 20% bc cggas skf jêfejas, cg >0% oravcs)9 cs bcder, ga jaykrêa cvkgudekfaf ladea ga fkrjagebab, efdgusk gks quc laf sunrebk dkfvugsekfcs. Cg ýfedk orupk dkf scducgas fcurkgôoedas ejpkrtaftcs cs cg nkrjabk pkr fckfatks oravcjcftc asnêdtedks quc laf csdapabk pkr csdask jarocf a uf bcscfgadc natag. Cxdcptk cf gks dasks cxtrcjks cf quc ga asnexea ggcoa a fevcgcs dase gctagcs, se uf fckfatk skhrcvevc a ga jesja, tecfc uf prkfôstedk juy navkrahgc cf duaftk a su setuadeôf fcurkgôoeda (efdgueba ga auscfdea bc rctrask jcftag y bc cpegcpsea). Pkr ktra partc, fefoýf XF quc laya sunrebk ufa gcseôf asnêdteda pcrefatag oravc, quc gc laya prkbudebk gcsekfcs dcrchragcs pcrjafcftcs, bcma bc prcscftar ufa oravc ancdtadeôf cf ktrks ôroafks.
Testcja rcperatkrek Asperadeôf bc jcdkfek Aujcftk bc ga oravcbab bcg sêfbrkjc bc bestrås rcsperatkrek
Testcja darbekvasdugar Lepcrtcfseôf pugjkfar pcrsestcftc Besnufdeôf jekdárbeda
Testcja jctahôgedk Rcrjkrrcougadeôf efcnedaz pkr gcseôf bcg sestcja fcrveksk dcftrag Rcrjkrrcougadeôf y besjefudeôf bc gas rcscrvas bc ogudôocfk Lepkdagdcjea Lepkogudcjea Adebkses jctahôgeda
Testcja fcrveksk dcftrag= Cfdcnagkpatêa lepôxedk-esquåjeda Lcjkrraoea eftravcftreduga eftravcftredugarr Efnartk Testcja rcfag Fcdrkses tuhugar aouba
Testcja oastrkeftcstefag Cftcrkdkgetes fcdrktezaftc
Testcja lcjatkgôoedk Dkaougadeôf eftravasdugar bescjefaba (DEB) Cncdtks jugteseståjedks bc ga asnexea pcrefatag
cbetkreag } dcp
G. Edtcredea cf cg rcdeåf fadebk Ga edtcredea cs uf seofk dgêfedk quc dkfsestc cf ga dkgkradeôf ajareggcfta bc ga pecg y bc gas judksas, bchebk a uf aujcftk bc ga hegerruhefa cf cg pgasja. Cf ga jaykrêa bc gks rcdeåf fadebks sc askdea dkf hegerruhefcjea bc jás bc 3jo/bg. Cg tårjefk lepcrhegeruhefcjea fckfatag cs jás ajpgek, ya quc efdguyc a tkbks gks fckfatks dkf hegerruhefcjea pkr cfdeja bcg gêjetc supcrekr bcg abugtk fkrjag (1,4-1,3 jo/bg). Ga edtcredea fckfatag cs uf ncfôjcfk juy nrcducftc, agrcbcbkr bcg 20->0% bc gks rcdeåf fadebks a tårjefk y cg <0% bc gks prctårjefk prcscftaf edtcredea cf gks prejcrks bêas bc veba. Cf ga jaykrêa bc gas kdasekfcs cs uf lcdlk autkgejetabk, sef prcscftar fefoýf pcgeork para ga veba bcg fckfatk. Ga edtcredea dgêfeda prkorcsa bc nkrja dcnagkdaubag ladea cg trkfdk y gas cxtrcjebabcs, prkpkrdekfagjcftc ag aujcftk bc hegerruhefcjea9 pkr gk quc dahc cspcrar fevcgcs hamks cf rcdeåf fadebks dkf edtcredea cf ga dara y prkhahgcjcftc agtks cf gks quc prcscftaf edtcredea cf gas pecrfas.
a. Jctahkgesjk y tepks bc hegerruhefa Ga nucftc prefdepag bc prkbuddeôf bc hegerruhefa cs ga lcjkogkhefa bcg ogôhugk rkmk, ag tcrjefar su dedgk fkrjag cf ga derdugadeôf. Ga veba jcbea bcg cretrkdetk cf cg rcdeåf fadebk cs bc >0 a 50 bêas, ag scr åsta jás dkrta quc cf cg abugtk (180 bêas) sc prkbudc uf efdrcjcftk cf ga prkbuddeôf bc hegerruhefa. Ga bcorabadeôf bc ga lcjkogkhefa quc rcsugta bc ga bcstruddeôf fkrjag k patkgôoeda bc gks cretrkdetks kreoefa bks dkjpucstks= ga ogkhefa, quc servc para rcseftctezar lcjkogkhefa, y cg peojcftk lcjk, quc bchc cgejefarsc. Ga rcbuddeôf bc cstc peojcftk ba guoar a gk quc ggajajks hegerruhefa efbercdta k fk dkfmuoaba, quc cs uf dkjpucstk tôxedk, gepkskguhgc. Csta hegerruhefa tôxeda cs dapaz bc atravcsar ga harrcra lcjatkcfdcnágeda, ancdtafbk a gks fýdgcks bc ga hasc y prkbudecfbk gk quc ggajajks Icrfedtcrus. Para quc ga hegerruhefa efbercdta ef bercdta pucba cxdrctarsc tecfc quc scr trafspkrtaba trafspkrtaba pkr ga aghýjefa cf ga saforc lasta cg lêoabk, bkfbc sc prkbudc ufa screc bc rcaddekfcs oradeas ag ádebk ogudurôfedk (ogudurkfezadeôf) cf cg lcpatkdetk, khtcfeåfbksc bc csta jafcra uf dkjpucstk lebrkskguhgc, ga hegerruhefa bercdta k dkfmuoaba. Ga hegerruhefa dkfmuoaba cs cxdrctaba cf ga heges pkr cg lêoabk y agjadcfaba cf ga vcsêduga hegear k trafsncreba bercdtajcftc ag eftcstefk bcgoabk. Cf cg abugtk ga hegerruhefa seouc su prkdcsk bc jctahkgezadeôf pkr hadtcreas cf gks eftcstefks y sc cxdrcta cf gas bcpksedekfcs cf nkrja bc cstcrdkhegefa, gas duagcs dkftrehuycf ag dkgkr bc gas lcdcs. Sf pcqucñk pkrdcftamc bc cstks dkjpucstks sc rcahskrhc y rcorcsa pkr vêa safouêfca ag lêoabk, dkfstetuycfbk ga derdugadeôf cftcrklcpáteda bc ga hegerruhefa. Sfa jêfeja daftebab bc cstcrdkhegefa, quc cs skguhgc cf aoua, sc rcahskrhc y cs cgejefaba pkr cg reñôf dkjk urkhegefa k urkhegefôocfk. Cf cg rcdeåf fadebk ga vêa bc ga derdugadeôf cftcrklcpáteda bc ga hegerruhefa cstá aujcftaba. Cstk sc bchc pkr ufa partc a quc cg jcdkfek dkftecfc daftebab ejpkrtaftc bc hegerruhefa efbercdta, quc pktcfdeagjcftc pucbc rcahskrhcrsc, y pkr ktra a quc ga rcdkfvcrseôf bc hegerruhefa a cstcrdkhegefa bcpcfbc, cf oraf jcbeba, bc ga addeôf bc ga ngkra hadtcreafa eftcstefag. Cg fckfatk tecfc cg eftcstefk cståreg k dkf juy pkda daftebab bc ngkra hadtcreafa, gk quc aujcfta cg tecjpk bc pcrjafcfdea bc ga hegerruhefa cf cg eftcstefk, pubecfbk bc eouag jafcra rcahskrhcrsc bc fucvk
cbetkreag } dcp
h. Repks bc edtcredea y sus dausas Tcoýf cg jkjcftk bc aparedeôf pkbcjks ladcr ufa pcqucña dgasenedadeôf bc gas dausas bc edtcredea. Tcoýf cg prcbkjefek bc hegerruhefa bercdta k efbercdta fkjhrarcjks gks seouecftcs tepks bc edtcredea, quc vcrcjks a dkftefuadeôf=
• Edtcredeas pkr aujcftk aujcftk bc hegerruhefa efbercdta Cftrc gas duagcs efdguercjks= - Edtcredea nesekgôoeda Tc bcfkjefa edtcredea nesekgôoeda a ga dkgkradeôf ajaregga bc pecg y judksas, lahetuagjcftc bc eftcfsebab gcvc k jkbcraba, quc sc efedea cf cg scoufbk k tcrdcr bêa bc veba y quc fk sc adkjpaña bc dkjprkjesk bcg cstabk ocfcrag fe bc ktras jafencstadekfcs patkgôoedas. patkgôoedas. Tc prkbudc uf aujcftk bc hegerruhefa efbercdta quc sucgc aujcftar cf gks rcdeåf fadebks a tårjefk lasta gks >-
cbetkreag } dcp
Cg nctk nctk bc ufa jabrc eskefjufezaba tecfc tecfc recsok recsok bc prcscftar prcscftar lcjôgeses eftrautcrefa, afcjea c lepcrhegerruhefcjea. Gas dkfscducfdeas pucbcf scr bc gcvcs a natagcs, bcpcfbecfbk bcg fevcg bcg têtugk bc afteducrpks af teducrpks jatcrfks, ga nasc bcg cjharazk y cg tecjpk trafsdurrebk bcsbc quc ga jabrc sc scfsehegezô. Ga afcjea drcdecftc cstejuga ga prkbuddeôf bc cretrkdetks efjaburks, pkr gk quc cstc trastkrfk sc bcfkjefa cretrkhgastkses nctag k cfncrjcbab lcjkgêteda bcg rcdeåf fadebk. Cg tratajecftk efdguyc ga trafsnuseôf eftrautcrefa bc dkfdcftrabks bc lcjatêcs y sc prkvkda cg partk se cs fcdcsarek. Cf nctks nctks oravcjcftc ancdtabks pucbc bcsarrkggarsc uf lebrkps nctag, quc sc sc daradtcreza daradtcreza pkr cbcja jasevk, bcrrajcs pgcuragcs y asdetes, quc nrcducftcjcftc ggcva a ga jucrtc nctag eftrautcrefa. Para su su beaofôstedk, beaofôstedk, cf tkbas gas ocstaftcs Xl fcoatevas sc rcageza rcageza cg tcst bc Dkkjhs Dkkjhs efbeefbercdtk, quc fks efbedará ga prcscfdea k fk bc afteducrpks afte Xl. Ga prknegaxes sc rcageza abjefestrafbk 400jdo bc Eo O afte-B a gas 8< scjafas bc ocstadeôf a tkbas gas jumcrcs bc recsok (ocstaftcs Xl fcoatevk dkf uf tcst bc Dkkjhs fcoatevk) y aftcs bc gas ?8 lkras pkspartk a tkbas gas jabrcs Xl fcoatevk dkf nctks Xl pksetevks, k cf dasks bc ahkrtks, ajfekdcftcses, cjharazks cdtôpedks, crrkrcs trafsnusekfagcs k lcjkrraoeas buraftc cg cjharazk. - Edtcredea pkr cfncrjcbab lcjkrráoeda bcg rcdeåf fadebk Tc rcgadekfa rcgadekfa dkf uf bånedet bc vetajefa I cf cg fckfatk. fckfatk. Cstc bånedet sc bchc a ga efjaburcz lcpáteda bc gks rcdeåf fadebks, cf efnguyc cf ga sêftcses bc agoufks nadtkrcs bc ga dkaougadeôf, prkbudecfbk lcjkrraoea y aujcftk bc ga hegerruhefa efbe rcdta. Cs ufa setuadeôf juy benêdeg bc khscrvar, pucstk quc lky cf bêa sc abjefestra a tkbks gks rcdeåf fadebks bc nkrja prknegádteda vetajefa I para prcvcferga. - Edtcredea dausaba pkr efncddekfcs Ga scpses scpses prkvkda prkvkda gcsekfcs gcsekfcs cf gas dågugas dågugas lcpátedas, aujcftafbk cg orabk bc lcjôgeses y pkr ga taftk gks fevcgcs bc hegerruhefa efbercdta. Bchcrcjks bcsdartar ufa scpses fckfatag cf tkbks gks dasks bc edtcredea bc efedek prcdkz (prejcra scjafa bc veba). Bcftrk bc gks prkdcsks efncddeksks a tcfcr cf ducfta ducfta skf gas efncddekfcs efncddekfcs quc sc efdguycf cf cg adrôfejk RKXDL (Rkxkpgasja, Ktrks -quc efdguyc ga sêneges-, Xuhåkga, Detkjcoagkverus y Lcrpcs verus). - Edtcredea pkr cfncrjcbab bc Oeghcrt Cs uf tepk bc edtcredea najegear fk lcjkgêteda dkf lepcrhegerruhefcjea efbercdta bc cvkgudeôf drôfeda. Cs bc rara khscrvadeôf y sc bchc a ufa efsunedecfdea pardeag bcg jcdafesjk bc ga dkfmuoadeôf bc ga hegerruhefa, asê dkjk a ga agtcradeôf bcg trafspkrtc bc bedla hegerruhefa efbe rcdta ladea cg lcpatkdetk. Cs bc dursk hcfeofk y ksdegaftc. - Edtcredea pkr cfncrjcbab bc Dreogcr-Fammar Csta cfncrjcbab cfncrjcbab prkbudc edtcredea edtcredea cftrc cg scoufbk scoufbk y cg tcrdcr tcrdcr bêa bc veba pkr uf aujcftk bc hegerruhefa efbercdta cf ga saforc. Tc prkbudc pkr uf bcncdtk dkfoåfetk quc sc daradtcreza pkr ga bcnedecfdea pcrjafcftc bc ga adtevebab bcg sestcja ogudurkfegtrafsncrasa (cfdaroabk bc ga ogudurkfezadeôf). Cs ufa cfncrjcbab juy oravc, oravc, ya quc bcsbc gks prejcrks prejcrks bêas sc prkbudc prkbudc uf aujcftk bc ga hegerruhefa a 80-20jo/bg, pubecfbk prkbuder ga jucrtc bcg rcdeåf fadebk k ancdtáfbkgk screajcftc.
cbetkreag } dcp
• Edtcredea pkr aujcftk bc hegerruhefa bercdta Cg 50% bc gas lepcrhegerruhefcjeas dkfmuoabas fckfatagcs sc bchcf a ga atrcsea bc gas vêas hegearcs muftk dkf ga lcpatetes fckfatag. - Atrcsea bc gas vêas hegearcs Jagnkrjadeôf dkfoåfeta bc gas vêas hegearcs eftra y/k cxtralcpáteda quc prkbudc edtcredea bc efedeadeôf tarbêa (tras ga prejcra scjafa bc veba). Tc daradtcreza pkr adkgea tktag k pardeag, dkgurea eftcfsa y urkhegefôocfk ncdag auscftc. Ag dkjecfzk pucbc cstar dkfscrvabk cg cstabk ocfcrag, pcrk pasabks 8 k 4 jcscs sc prkbudc prkbudc ufa derrkses lcpáteda bc tepk hegear. Tu jkrtagebab cs cgcvaba, ya quc muftk dkf ga agtcradeôf bcg árhkg hegear cs nrcducftc cfdkftrar ktras jagnkrjadekfcs. Ga ýfeda ýfeda pksehegebab tcrapåuteda cs ga kpcratkrea, duafbk cg cg tepk bc jagnkrjadeôf jagnkrjadeôf gk pcrjetc. - Lcpatetes fckfatag Cf su patkocfea sc prkbudc prkbudc uf dkjprkjesk dkjprkjesk dkfmuftk dkfmuftk bcg lcpatkdetk lcpatkdetk y bcg cpetcgek hegear. DgêfedaDgêfedajcftc cxestc uf aujcftk bc ga hegerruhefa bercdta quc sc efedea cftrc ga 8ª y >ª scjafa bc veba. Pucbc lahcr taftk lcpatk dkjk cspgcfkjcoagea. Ga adkgea y ga dkgurea skf seofks trafsetkreks c efdkjpgctks. Cg prkfôstedk cs efdecrtk, y su bencrcfdeadeôf dkf ga atrcsea bc gas vêas hegearcs a vcdcs cs benêdeg. Cf uf pcqucñk fýjcrk bc dasks sc pucbc cfdkftrar uf aocftc ctekgôoedk, cftrc gks quc sc efdguyc ga gýcs y ga gestcrekses, y cftrc gks tepks bc lcpatetes vêreda dgáseda ga lcpatetes H, duyk verus atravecsa ga pgadcfta.
d. Rratajecftk y duebabks Cg tratajecftk bc tkbks gks rcdeåf fadebks dkf lepcrhegerruhefcjea efbercdta cs sejegar, aufquc cg jkjcftk bc ga eftcrvcfdeôf cs vareahgc. Gas bcdesekfcs sc tkjaf scoýf cg recsok bc icrfedtcrus, bcpcfbecfbk bc ga cbab ocstadekfag y ga prcscfdea bc scpses, asnexea y ktrks nadtkrcs. Gks khmctevks bc tratajecftk skf dkrrcoer dkrrcoer ga afcjea y cgejefar ga hegerruhefa, heg erruhefa, para cggk cxestcf bks jåtkbks prefdepagcs= ga nktktcrapea y ga cxafouefktrafsnuseôf.
• Ga nktktcrapea Ga cxpksedeôf bc gks fckfatks a ga guz skgar k a gájparas ngukrcsdcftcs prkvkda ufa besjefudeôf bc ga hegerruhefa såreda. Cstá bcjkstrabk quc ga apgedadeôf bc guz azug k hgafda dkf ufa bctcrjefaba gkfoetub bc kfba rcbudc gks fevcgcs såredks bc hegerruhefa, ga gájpara bc nktktcrapea cs cg jåtkbk jás lahetuag para dkfscouergk. - Ga gájpara bchc cstar cstar a ufa bestafdea bcg feñk quc ksdegc cftrc 23 y 30 dj - Bchc cxpkfcrsc cxpkfcrsc ga guz a ga jáxeja árca dkrpkrag pksehgc, pksehgc, pkr gk quc cg cg feñk bchc cstar bcsvcstebk bcsvcstebk - Dajhear bc pksedeôf dkf dkf nrcducfdea, nrcducfdea, para quc tkba ga supcrnedec supcrnedec dkrpkrag dkrpkrag rcdeha abcduabajcftc ga guz - Prktcocr gks kmks para cvetar gcsekfcs cf ga rctefa prkvkdabas prkvkdabas pkr ga guz cxdcseva. cxdcseva. Lay quc rcvesar y jaftcfcr cf su guoar gks apôsetks kdugarcs, sef cmcrdcr bcjaseaba prcseôf skhrc gks párpabks, pcrk dkgkdabks para cvetar quc gks kmks sc ahraf. Tc bchcf rcterar gas oanas daba < lkras para vagkrar ga efncddeôf kdugar y cstejugar cg dkftadtk vesuag dkf gks pabrcs. Dajheargas daba 82 lkras
cbetkreag } dcp
- ^eoegar y afktar ga tcjpcratura bcg rcdeåf fadebk, asê dkjk gks seofks bc bcslebratadeôf y scqucbab. - Fk dkgkdar fefoýf khmctk cftrc ga gájpara bc nktktcrapea nktktcrapea y cg cg feñk - Fk usar guhredaftc k gkdekfcs adcetksas skhrc ga pecg pecg - Khscrvadeôf bctcfeba bctcfeba bc ga edtcredea, para para rcoestrar c efnkrjar cf daba dask bc aujcftk. Tc bchc khscrvar hamk guz faturag, dkf cg nef bc cvaguar dkrrcdtajcftc cg dkgkr (edtcredea, deafkses). Tc apgeda ufa prcseôf bercdta skhrc gas árcas ôscas, dkjk cg cstcrfôf k ga farez, gk quc pcrjetc vcr dkf jaykr nadegebab cg dkgkr ajareggk - Para ga khtcfdeôf bc jucstras para gas pruchas afagêtedas, afagêtedas, sc bchc apaoar prcveajcftc ga nktktcrapea y prcscrvargas bc ga guz, para fk nagscar gks rcsugtabks. Dkftrkg bc gks fevcgcs bc ga hegerruhefa såreda, bc lcjatkdretk k lcjkogkhefa buraftc cg tratajecftk, asê dkjk 82 lkras bcspuås bc tcrjefabk. - ^agkrar gas lcdcs, lcdcs, quc scráf bc dkgkr dkgkr vcrbc y bc pkda dkfsestcfdea, y bc ga krefa, quc scrá ksdura bcheba a gks prkbudtks bc ga nktkbcorabadeôf - Cg rcdeåf fadebk bchc rcdeher cstêjugks cstêjugks tádtegcs tádtegcs dkf ga jaykr nrcducfdea pksehgc y abjefestrar gêquebk cftrc gas tkjas bc agejcftk - Gks feñks quc fk rcdehcf rcdehcf nktktcrapea nktktcrapea bchcf dkgkdarsc a sunedecftc bestafdea bc gks quc ga rcdehcf, bc jkbk quc cvetcf ga errabeadeôf Dkjpgedadekfcs bc ga nktktcrapea= - Aparedeôf bc jafdlas bc dkgkr rkmk rkmk cf ga pecg, quc bcsaparcdcf bcsaparcdcf ag rcterar ga nktktcrapea (sêfbrkjc bcg feñk hrkfdcabk) - Bcpksedekfcs jás nrcducftcs, hgafbas y vcrbksas. - Dagcftajecftk cxdcsevk - Aujcftk bc gas pårbebas efscfsehgcs, pkr gk quc cs dkfvcfecftc dkfvcfecftc aujcftar cg apkrtc bc gêquebks quc cvetcf ga bcslebratadeôf - Dkfmuftevetes - Bañk cf ga dôrfca, dôrfca, se fk sc bespkfc bc prktcddeôf kdugar dkftra dkftra ga guz
• Ga cxafouefktrafsnu cxafouefktrafsnuseôf seôf Tc utegeza duafbk gks fevcgcs bc hegerruhefa dkftefýaf aujcftafbk rápebajcftc a pcsar bc ga nktktcrapea, k duafbk fadc uf hchå oravcjcftc ancdtabk. Ga cxafouefktrafsnuseôf dkrreoc ga afcjea y rctera gks cretrkdetks duhecrtks bc afteducrpks y cg cxdcsk bc hegerruhefa. Dkfsestc cf cxtracr a travås bc uf datåtcr vcfksk ujhegedag pcqucñas daftebabcs bc saforc quc sc bcscdlaf y rccjpgazaf lasta quc sc la dajheabk agrcbcbkr bcg <0% bcg vkgujcf safouêfck tktag. Ua quc ga saforc cstá derdugafbk dkfstaftcjcftc, ga daftebab bc saforc rccjpgazaba cs cf rcagebab cg bkhgc bcg vkgujcf safouêfck bcg fckfatk. Gas dkjpgedadekfcs efdguycf ga nkrjadeôf bc b c trkjhks, arretjeas darbêadas y trkjhkdetkpcfea.
cbetkreag } dcp
EDRCXEDEA PXCDK] (7 1 Tcjafa) 7 82 Lkras
EDRCXEDEA RAXBÊA (6 1 Tcjafa) Gadtafdea jatcrfa
Tcpses
6 82 Lkras Tcpses RKXDL
Lcjkrraoeas
Edtcredea Nesekgôoeda
Lcpatetes
Lcjôgeses
Gadtafdea jatcrfa
Oagadtkscjea
RKXDL
Dreogcr-Fammar
Nehrkses quêsteda
Atrcsea vêas hegearcs
Pkgedetcjea Dausas bc edtcredea scoýf jkjcftk bc aparedeôf
J. Efncddekfcs fckfatagcs Cg rcdeåf fadebk cs susdcptehgc a ga efncddeôf bchebk a ga efjaburcz bc su sestcja efjufetarek, bedlks prkdcsks efncddeksks quc pucbcf ancdtar ag rcdeåf fadebk skf=
a. Efncddekfcs Dkfoåfetas Tkf aqucggas cf quc ga efncddeôf jatcrfa y cf dkfscducfdea nctag tecfc guoar buraftc cg pcrêkbk cjhrekfarek (lasta gas 81 scjafas), scjafas), k hecf buraftc cg pcrêkbk nctag (bcspuås (bcspuås bc gas 81 scjafas) y quc pucbcf dausar jucrtc ef ýtcrk, jagnkrjadekfcs, rctrask bcg drcdejecftk, jucrtc fckfatag y scducgas a garok pgazk. Ga trafsjeseôf bc gks verus ag nctk cs pkr ga vêa trafspgadcftarea y sôgk sc prkbuderá cf aqucggks dasks cf quc dkefdebc ga ocstadeôf dkf ga prejkefncddeôf jatcrfa (pkr gk taftk se sc becra cg dask ga g a efncddeôf pkr csc verus cf dkfdrctk sôgk ancdtarêa a uf nctk cf ga veba bc ga jumcr). Gas efncddekfcs dkfoåfetas sc dkfkdcf dkjk efncddekfcs RKXDL, gas duagcs ahardaf uf orupk bc jedrkkroafesjks dapadcs bc atravcsar ga pgadcfta y ancdtar bc nkrja abvcrsa cg bcsarrkggk bcg nctk. - RK: tkxkpgasjkses - X:ruhckga - D:detkjcoagkverus - L:Lcrpcs sejpgc ^LT1 y ^LT8 Duafbk sc efdguyc sêneges dkfoåfeta sc dkfkdcf dkjk RKXDLT y duafbk sc efdguyc abcjás ga varedcga dkfoåfeta cstarcjks lahgafbk bc RKXDL + ^^]. Cg beaofôstedk bc efncddeôf dkfoåfeta efdguerêa= scrkgkoêa jatcrfa, beaofôstedk prcfatag pkr cdkoranêa (ajfekdcftcses y dkrbkfkdcftcses) y scrkgkoêa cf cg rcdeåf fadebk.
• Rkxkpgasjkses Ga tkxkpgasjkses cs ufa cfncrjcbab jugteseståjeda ju gteseståjeda dausaba pkr cg prktkzkk tkxkpgasja okfbee. - Dgêfeda Ga efncddeôf efncddeôf jatcrfa jatcrfa pkr tkxkpgasjkses buraftc cg cg cjharazk sc askdea askdea cf cg rcdeåf rcdeåf fadebk dkf= jedrkdcnagea dkf lebrkdcnagea, gcsekfcs kdugarcs (dkrekrctefetes), dagdenedadekfcs bestrehuebas pkr tkbk cg dcrchrk, cspgcfkjcoagea y asdetes, rctrask jcftag oravc, prkhgcjas psedkjktkrcs y jucrtc nctag.
cbetkreag } dcp
- Rratajecftk Tc cjpgca prejctatefa prejctatefa krag (1jo/Io/82 (1jo/Io/82 lkras, lkras, buraftc 8 jcscs, y bcspuås 1jo/Io/82 lkras 4 bêas pkr scjafa buraftc 2 jcscs), jás sugnabeadefa krag (30jo/io/18 lkras buraftc > jcscs) y gcudkvkrêf dágdedk krag (10 jo 4 bêas pkr scjafa buraftc > jcscs).
• Xuhåkga Cs ufa efncddeôf prkvkdaba pkr cg verus bc ga ruhåkga, cs cxaftcjáteda. Tu dkftaoek buraftc ga ocstadeôf ga ladc pktcfdeagjcftc tcratkoåfeda, skhrc tkbk se åsta kdurrc cf gas prejcras < scjafas bc ocstadeôf, aufquc tajheåf sc laf khscrvabk dajheks afatôjedks ag prkbudersc åsta buraftc cg 8 trejcstrc y cg ýgtejk tcrdek bcg prejcr trejcstrc. - Dgêfeda Gas daradtcrêsted daradtcrêstedas as bc ga ruhåkga ruhåkga dkfoåfeta dkfoåfeta cf cf cg rcdeåf fadebk skf pktcfdeagjcftc pktcfdeagjcftc bks= gcsekfcs jýgtepgcs cf ôroafks y prcscfdea bcg verus cf saforc nctag pkr uf pcrekbk bc bks añks. Bedlas gcsekfcs pucbcf scr= - Gcsekfcs trafsetkreas= trkjhkdetkpcfea, hamk pcsk pcsk ag fadcr y gcsekfcs gcsekfcs ôscas. ôscas. - Gcsekfcs pcrjafcftcs= dataratas, rctefkpatêas, skrbcra, cfncrjcbab darbeada dkfoåfeta, dkfoåfeta, rctrask jcftag y jedrkdcnagea. - Gcsekfcs tarbêas= autesjk, autesjk, beahctcs beahctcs jcggetas, puhcrtab prcdkz prcdkz y cfncrjcbab cfncrjcbab terkebca. - Rratajecftk Cf ga adtuagebab bespkfcjks bespkfcjks bc pkdas pkdas jcbebas tcrapåutedas quc pucbaf pucbaf jkbenedar jkbenedar cg cg dursk dursk bc ga cfncrjcbab cf gas prejcras scjafas bc cjharazk, cg usk bc efjufkogkhugefa pkstcxpksedeôf ag verus, fk prcvecfc ga efncddeôf, pcrk pkbrêa jcmkrar ga cvkgudeôf bc ga cfncrjcbab. Pkr gk taftks, gk ebcag cs ga prcvcfdeôf jcbeaftc ga vadufadeôf rutefarea a tkbks gks feñks gks prejcrks 18 jcscs bc veba y a tkbas gas jumcrcs cf ga puhcrtab quc k layaf sebk vadufabas prcveajcftc, k a jumcrcs abugtas quc fk cståf cjharazabas.
• Detkjcoagkverus Cs ga efncddeôf verag jás nrcducftc buraftc cg cjharazk y cg pcrekbk pcrefatag pkrquc sc trafsjetc a travås bc tkbks gks nguebks. Ga efncddeôf jatcrfa prcvea fk prcvecfc bc ga efncddeôf pkr DJ^ dkfoåfeta, pcrk sê prktcoc dkftra pksehgcs dkjpgedadekfcs. - Dgêfeda Cf cg fckfatk ancdtabk pkr DJ^ pkbcjks cfdkftrar= pctcqueas, DEX, lcpatkcspgcfkjcoagea, lepcrhegerruhefcjea, jedrkdcnagea k lebrkdcnagea, lebrkps nctag, dagdenedadekfcs eftradcrchragcs bc bestrehudeôf pcrevcftredugar y a garok pgazk rctrask jcftag k psedkjktkr, asê dkjk agtcradekfcs cf ga veseôf y ga aubedeôf. - Rratajecftk Tc adkfscma utegezar oafdedgkver eftravcfksk (>jo/Io/18 lkras buraftc > scjafas).
• Lcrpcs sejpgc Cxestcf bks tepks prefdepagcs bcg verus bcg lcrpcs sejpgc cg tepk 1 y cg tepk 8. Cg lcrpcs sejpgc tepk 1 duafbk sc abquecrc cf cg cjharazk tecfc ufas dkfscducfdeas jêfejas taftk para ga
cbetkreag } dcp
jabrc dkjk para cg nctk. Pcrk duafbk ga efncddeôf pkr cg ^LT tepk 8 k lcrpcs ocfetag kdurrc buraftc cg cjharazk, cg fckfatk abquecrc ga efncddeôf pkr dkftadtk dkf gcsekfcs adtevas buraftc cg trahamk bc partk, y jcfks nrcducftcjcftc bc nkrja asdcfbcftc duafbk kdurrc ufa rktura prcjatura bc jcjhrafas. Ga jkrtagebab askdeaba ag lcrpcs fckfatag cs bcg 30% y ga jkrhegebab scvcra kdurrc cf cg 30% bc gks supcrvevecftcs. - Dgêfeda Cg lcrpcs dkfoåfetk tecfc ufa hama nrcducfdea nrcducfdea y sc askdea askdea skhrc tkbk dkf dkf prejkefncddekfcs. prejkefncddekfcs. Cf cg fckfatk ancdtabk pkr ^LT pkbcjks cfdkftrar= - ^csêdugas dutáfcas cf radejks. - Dagdenedadekfcs ajpgeas a fevcg bc gks oafogeks hasagcs. - Qucratkdkfmuftevetes dkf dedatredcs dkrfcagcs. - Rratajecftk Buraftc cg cg pucrpcrek cg fckfatk bchc scr veoegabk cftrc ? y 12 bêas y se cxestc cvebcfdea bc efncddeôf dkjcfzar tratajecftk dkf adedgkver eftravcfksk (10jo/< lkras buraftc 12 bêas) Ga gadtafdea gadtafdea sc pucbc ggcvar a dahk dkf ufa dkrrcdta leoecfc bc jafks y prcvefecfbk cg dkftadtk bcg rcdeåf fadebk dkf gas gcsekfcs bc ga jabrc.
• ^aredcga ]kstcr Cs ufk bc gks verus ABF quc pcrtcfcdc ag orupk bc gks lcrpcs verus. Ga efncddeôf prejarea cs ga varedcga y cg lcrpcs zkstcr cs scdufbarek a ga rcadtevadeôf bcg verus. Te kdurrc buraftc ga ocstadeôf, cg dursk bc ga cfncrjcbab cs scvcrk y sus dkjpgedadekfcs (fcujkfêa jatcrfa) pkfcf cf pcgeork ga veba bc ga jabrc y bcg nctk. Pkr cg dkftrarek, ga aparedeôf bc lcrpcs zkstcr tecfc uf jcmkr prkfôstedk. - Dgêfeda Duafbk ga cfncrjcbab sc jafenecsta jafenecsta ag prefdepek bcg bcg cjharazk cjharazk gks cncdtks cf cg cg nctk efdguycf= - Lepkpgasea bc cxtrcjebabcs k bcbks. - Dagdenedadekfcs puftenkrjcs a fevcg bc oafogeks hasagcs. - Afkjagêas fcurkgôoedas y afkjagêas kdugarcs. - DEX. Te ga cfncrjcbab sc jafenecsta jafenecsta cf cf gas ýgtejas trcs trcs scjafas scjafas bc cjharazk cg fckfatk fckfatk bcsarrkggará bcsarrkggará ufa varedcga dgêfeda, dkf dedatredcs dutáfcas atrônedas y scrpcftcaftcs bc bestrehudeôf jctajåreda. Ga oravcbab oravcbab bc ga cfncrjcbab cfncrjcbab aujcftará aujcftará se ga efncddeôf efncddeôf jatcrfa jatcrfa sc prkbudc cf gks 3 bêas aftcrekrcs ag partk, k cf gks bks bêas pkstcrekrcs. - Rratajecftk Cg tratajecftk tratajecftk sc rcageza rcageza dkf adedgkver para gks rcdeåf fadebks dkf dkf ancddeôf ancddeôf ocfcragezaba. ocfcragezaba. Te ga efncddeôf la kdurrebk cf gks 3 bêas prcveks ag partk k cf gas 2< lkras pkstpartk, sc abjefestrará ag fckfatk ga efjufkogkhugefa cspcdêneda bc varedcga zkstcr (^]EO) para khtcfcr ufa efjufezadeôf paseva.
cbetkreag } dcp
• Têneges Ga pksehegebab bc efncddeôf nctag bcpcfbc bcg cstabêk bc sêneges bc ga cjharazaba. Te åsta cstá cf ufa nasc tcjprafa tcfbrá jás pksehegebabcs bc efncdtar ag nctk, se abcjás lay efjufkbcprcseôf pkr ktra cfncrjcbab dkfdkjetaftc dkjk cg ^EL aujcfta cg recsok bc sêneges dkfoåfeta y lahrá jás pksehegebabcs bc efncddeôf ag nctk se åsta sc prkbudc bcspuås bc gas 1>-80 scjafas. - Dgêfeda Tc ladc cvebcftc cf jaykr k jcfkr jcbeba a gk garok bcg prejcr jcs bc veba bcg rcdeåf fadebk pubecfbk prcscftar= - Gcsekfcs dutáfcas (påfneok pagjk-pgaftar). - Nesuras pcreafagcs y pcrehudagcs. - Gcsekfcs fasagcs. - Gcsekfcs ôscas (kstckdkfbretes senegêteda). Te ga efncddeôf kdurrc dcrdafa ag partk cg fckfatk prcscftará= - Tcfsadeôf bc oravcbab dkf pctcqueas y cquejkses. - Lcpatkcspgcfkjcoagea. - Orafbcs gcsekfcs dutáfcas. - Teftkjatkgkoêa fcurkgôoeda (dkfvugsekfcs). - Teftkjatkgkoêa pugjkfar (fcujkfêa agha). - Rratajecftk Abjefestradeôf bc pcfedegefa O sôbeda eftravcfksa (30.000 SE/Io/18 SE/Io/18 lkras lkras buraftc 12 bêas) bêas) k dkf pcfedegefa O prkdaêfa eftrajusdugar (30.000 SE/Io/bêa buraftc 12 bêas.
h. Efncddekfcs vêredas bc trafsjeseô trafsjeseôf f vcrtedag Gas jás nrcducftcs skf bchebas ag verus bc ga lcpatetes H (^LH), y D (^LD), ag ^EL, ag verus lcrpcs (^LT) y ag bc ga varedcga (^^]). Ga trafsjeseôf jatcrfk-nctag sc pucbc prkbuder= - ^êa trafspgadcftarea= trafspgadcftarea= Gas cfncrjcbabcs vêredas agdafzaf ag cjhreôf k ag nctk nctk cf ga jaykrêa bc gas kdasekfcs a travås bc ga pgadcfta cs prcdesk ufa vercjea ocfcragezaba jatcrfa quc kreoefc ga dkgkfezadeôf bcg verus bc gas vcggksebabcs dkreagcs bescjefáfbksc åstc y pasafbk a ga derdugadeôf nctag. - ^êa asdcfbcftc= asdcfbcftc= a travås bc gas jcjhrafas kvugarcs, kvugarcs, efdgusk efdgusk duáfbk åstas pcrjafcdcf pcrjafcdcf êftcêftcoras. - A travås bcg dafag bcg partk= ag cftrar cftrar cg nctk nctk cf dkftadtk dkf dkf gks gêquebks dkrpkragcs y saforc jatcrfa.
• Lcpatetes H Ga tasa bc trafsjeseôf bcg ^LH cs jáxeja duafbk ga jabrc dkftrac ga efncddeôf mustk aftcs bcg partk. Tc sahc quc sôgk uf 3-10% ggcoa efncdtabk ag fadejecftk cg rcstk gk ladc cf cg jkjcftk bcg partk
cbetkreag } dcp
- Dgêfeda Cg fckfatk pucbc cstar aseftkjátedk ag fadcr k jkstrar cvebcfdeas bc lcpatetes aouba dkf dajheks cf ga nufdeôf lcpáteda. Sf agtk pkrdcftamc bc gks gadtaftcs efncdtabks cf cg pcrekbk pcrefatag bcsarrkggará bcsarrkggará ufa efncddeôf efncddeôf drôfeda. Gks fckfatks quc sc efncdtaf cvkgudekfaf cf uf 50% bc gks dasks navkrahgcjcftc, cf 1% cg bcsarrkggk cs nugjefaftc y cg rcstk sc ladc pkrtabkr drôfedk, hecf aseftkjátedk (3%) k dkf lcpatetes drôfeda. - Rratajecftk Gks rcdeåf fadebks duyas duyas jabrcs jabrcs tecfcf tecfcf afteducrpks afteducrpks LHsAo LHsAo k quc laf bcsarrkggabk lcpatetes buraftc cg cjharazk bchcf tratarsc dkf= - Efjufkogkhugefa para lcpatetes H (0.3 jg EJ) taf prkftk dkjk sca sca pksehgc bcspuås bcg partk (bcftrk bc gas prejcras 18 lkras bc veba). veb a). - Ag jesjk tecjpk, cf cf uf guoar bencrcftc bencrcftc sc gcs abjefestrará abjefestrará ga vadufa para cg ^LH. - Jcbebas leoeåfedas prknegádtedas Sfa vcz rcagezabk cstk pucbc bar dkjecfzk cg ajajaftajecftk.
• Lcpatetes D Fk lay cvebcfdeas bc cncdtks tcratkoåfedks cf cg nctk pkr ga efncddeôf bcg ^LD. Ga trafsjeseôf vcrtedag bc cstc verus cs pkdk nrcducftc y vareahgc. Ga pksehegebab bc trafsjeseôf cstá bercdtajcftc rcgadekfaba dkf gks fevcgcs bc vercjea ve rcjea bc ga jabrc, cspcdeagjcftc buraftc cg partk. - Dgêfeda Juy parcdeba parcdeba a ga dausaba pkr cg verus bc ga lcpatetes lcpatetes H cf rcgadeôf a ga ancdtadeôf ancdtadeôf lcpáteda lcpáteda bcg rcdeåf fadebk. - Rratajecftk Fk cxestc vadufa fe oajjaogkhugefa. Ga Ga kpdeôf kpdeôf sc hasa cf cf jcbebas leoeåfedas prknegádtedas. Cstá dkftraefbedaba ga gadtafdea jatcrfa.
• ^EL Dase tkbks gks rcdeåf fadebks bc jabrcs scrkpksetevas para ^EL tcfbráf afteducrpks ag fadcr, pcrk sôgk cg 20% bcsarrkggará ga cfncrjcbab (sêfbrkjc bc efjufkbcnedecfdea abquereba, cfncrjcbab quc aharda prkhgcjas cf cg bcsarrkggk y cfncrjcbab drôfeda dkf pcrekbks bc prkorcseôf y cstahegebab). - Dgêfeda Dase tkbks gks rcdeåf fadebks sc jucstraf aseftkjátedks ag fadcr y fk pksccf seofks dgêfedks cvebcftcs. Ga aparedeôf bc ufa efncddeôf kpkrtufesta pucbc agcrtar skhrc ga prcscfdea prcscfdea bc ^EL (dafbebeases krag krag pcrsestcftc quc fk rcspkfbc ag tratajecftk). Aftcs bcg añk gks hchås hchås efncdtabks efncdtabks pucbcf jkstrar jkstrar agoýf sêftkja sejegar sejegar ag bc gks abugtks= gefnabcfkpatêas, lcpatkcspgcfkjcoagea, bearrca drôfeda y fcujkfetes eftcrstedeag.
cbetkreag } dcp
- Rratajecftk - Abjefestradeôf bc aocftcs rctrkveragcs a ga jabrc a parter bc ga scjafa 13 bc ocstadeôf (zebkvubefa) y lasta cg partk para p ara besjefuer ga trafsjeseôf jatcrfk-nctag. - Jcbebas leoeåfedk-prknegádtedas leoeåfedk-prknegádtedas (gavar ag rcdeåf fadebk fadebk aftcs bc prkdcbcr prkdcbcr a ga abjefestradeôf bc vetajefa I). - Te cg rcdeåf fadebk cs seftkjátedk seftkjátedk a agoufa cfncrjcbab kpkrtufesta sc sc efedeará ga abjefestradeôf bc jcbedajcftks aftejedrkheafks, y cspcdênedajcftc tratajecftk dkf zebkvubefa bc aducrbk dkf sus rcducftks bc gefnkdetks. - Cstá dkftraefbedaba ga gadtafdea gadtafdea jatcrfa jatcrfa (prcscfdea (prcscfdea bcg verus cf cf ga gcdlc jatcrfa).
• ^aredcga y Lcrpcs sejpgc Para quc cstas efncddekfcs scaf dkfsebcrabas dkjk efncddekfcs vêredas bc trafsjeseôf vcrtedag, y fk dkfoåfetas, ga efncddeôf bchc tcfcr guoar cf gas ýgtejas nascs bc cjharazk k buraftc cg partk.
d. Efncddekfcs hadtcreafas k pkr lkfoks Buraftc cg prkdcsk bcg partk, k aftcs se sc rkjpcf gas jcjhrafas kvugarcs, cg nctk/rcdeåf fadebk qucba cxpucstk a oraf daftebab bc aocftcs jedrkheafks. A pcsar bc su efjaburcz efjufkgôoeda, cf ga jaykrêa bc gas kdasekfcs supcra dkf åxetk ga efncddeôf9 pcrk se ga efncddeôf gkora agdafzar cg tkrrcftc derdugatkrek bcg rcdeåf fadebk y bcstruer sus bcncfsas, gks jedrkkroafesjks patôocfks sc cxpafbcf cxpkfcfdeagjcftc prkvkdafbk ufa scpses fckfatag. Tcoýf cg jkbk cf quc la l a tcfebk guoar csta scpses bencrcfdeajks vareas vêas bc dkftaoek=
• Tcpses bc trafsjeseôf vcrtedag Ga dkftajefadeôf sc prkbudc pkr vêa asdcfbcftc bcheba a oårjcfcs prcscftcs cf cg dafag bcg partk k pkr dkftadtk bercdtk dkf gas scdrcdekfcs efncdtabas buraftc cg partk. Tc dkftcjpgará ga pksehegebab bc quc cxesta scpses cf cg rcdeåf fadebk secjprc y duafbk sc khtcfoa uf dugtevk pksetevk pkr hadtcreas patôocfas cf cxubabk vaoefag jatcrfk cf cg trafsdursk bc gas bks scjafas aftcrekrcs ag partk. Gks oårjcfcs dausaftcs jás nrcducftcs skf= - Ttrcptkdkd Ttrcptkdkdk k aoagadteac Csta hadtcrea cs ga dausa dausa jás dkjýf bc scpses scpses y jcfefoetes fckfatagcs. Dgêfeda= Te ga efncddeôf efncddeôf aparcdc cf gas prejcras 82 lkras pkstpartk cstarcjks aftc ufa scpses prcdkz y cs jás nrcducftc cf prcjaturks. Cg rcdeåf fadebk jkstrará= seftkjatkgkoêa darbekrrcsperatkrea (taquedarbea, hrabedarbea, taquepfca, nascs bc apfca), seftkjatkgkoêa beocsteva (vôjetks, bestcfseôf ahbkjefag) y seftkjatkgkoêa fcurkgôoeda (bcprcseôf fcurkgôoeda, erretahegebab, dkfvugsekfcs, ctd.). A jcbeba quc ga efncddeôf sc aorava aorava pucbc barsc uf slkdi såptedk y /k dkaougadeôf eftravasdugar bescjefaba Gas efncddekfcs efncddekfcs pkr COH bc dkjecfzk dkjecfzk tarbêk tecfcf guoar cftrc ga prejcra scjafa y gks trcs trcs jcscs bc cbab. Cf cg dask bc quc ga dgêfeda sc efedec a parter bcg 4 bêa bc veba, para dkfnerjar cg beaofôstedk dkjk scpses bc trafsjeseôf vcrtedag, sc rcquecrc quc cf cg lcjkdugtevk bcg rcdeåf fadebk sc aêsgc cg jesjk ocrjcf quc cf cxubabk vaoefag jatcrfk.
cbetkreag } dcp
Ga jaykrêa jaykrêa bc gks rcdeåf rcdeåf fadebks dkf ufa efncddeôf pkr COH COH tarbêk dursaf dkf jcfefoetes. jcfefoetes. Rratajecftk= Tc bchc efedear aftc ga skspcdla skspcdla bc scpses vcrtedag dkf ajpedegefa ajpedegefa y ocftajedefa, y cf cg dask bc skspcdla bc jcfefoetes dkf ajpedegefa y dcnktaxeja. Ag dkfnerjarsc ga scpses dkf lcjkdugtevk, sc rcagezará aftehekoraja para abjefestrar cg tratajecftk afteheôtedk cspcdênedk para ga hadtcrea dausag. Abcjás, sc rcagezará tcrapea bc skpkrtc (becta ahskguta, utegezadeôf bc rcsperabkr se nucra fcdcsarek, beuråtedks, lcjknegtradeôf ujhegedag cf dask bc efsunedecfdea rcfag, ctd.). Ga buradeôf bcg tratajecftk fk bchc scr efncrekr a 10 bêas - Csdlcredlea dkge Tc cfducftra cfducftra cf cg tradtk tradtk oastrkeftcstefag oastrkeftcstefag y dkfstetuyc ga jaykr partc bc ga ngkra ncdag lujafa. Ga dkgkfezadeôf dkgkfezadeôf vaoefag cs jcfks nrcducftc y ga tasa bc efncddeôf seståjeda cf gks lemks bc jabrcs dkgkfezabas cs bcg 0,4%. Dgêfeda= Abcjás bc ga jcfefoetes, tajheåf pucbc prkbuder prkbuder efncddekfcs efncddekfcs cf ktrks ktrks sestcjas dkrpkra dkrpkra-gcs, secfbk nrcducftcs cf cg tradtk urefarek. Rratajecftk= Eouag quc para ga skspcdla bc scpses bc trafsjeseôf vcrtedag.
• Tcpses fkskdkjeagcs Dausabas pkr jedrkkroafesjks prcscftcs cf ga ufebabcs bc fckfatkgkoêa k pkr dkftadtk dkf pcrskpcrsk fag safetarek. Ga ctekgkoêa jás nrcducftc bc cstc tepk bc efncddeôf sucgc scr= T. cpebcrjes, Dáfbeba sp, C. dkge, cftcrkdkdk y Igchsecgga. - Dgêfeda= Tejegar Tejegar a ga efbedaba para scpses scpses bc trafsjeseôf vcrtedag. - Rratajecftk= Rratajecftk= Stegezadeôf efjcbeata bc afteheôtedks aftc ga skspcdla skspcdla bc scpses. Ga Ga tcrapea jás jás utegezaba cs cg tratajecftk ajpedegefa y dcnktaxeja y cf cg dask bcg rcdeåf fadebk prcjaturk dcnktaxeja jás vafdkjedefa.
• Tcpses dkjufetareas Tkf gas jás efnrcducftcs, dausabas pkr jedrkkroafesjks quc dkftajefaf ag rcdeåf fadebk cf su bkjedegek.
F. Cfncrjcbabcs bcg aparatk rcsperatkrek Cftrc gas cfncrjcbabcs quc ancdtaf ag aparatk rcsperatkrek rcdeåf fadebk vajks a detar=
a. Cfncrjcbab bc ga jcjhrafa leagefa • Dkfdcptk c efdebcfdea Rajheåf dkfkdeba dkjk sêfbrkjc bc benedugtab rcsperatkrea tepk E k sêfbrkjc bc benedugtab rcsperatkrea ebekpátedk. Cs uf duabrk bc benedugtab rcsperatkrea prkbudebk pkr ga efjaburcz pugjkfar quc fk pcrjetc cg eftcrdajhek oascksk cnedaz pkr bånedet bc sustafdeas tcfsekadtevas (surnadtaftc) cf ga jcjhrafa ag vckgar.
cbetkreag } dcp
Tu efdebcfdea cs efvcrsajcftc prkpkrdekfag a ga cbab ocstadekfag y ag pcsk ag fadcr. Tc khscrva cf cg >0-<0% bc gks feñks dkf cbab ocstadekfag efncrekr a 8< scjafas, cf cg 13-40% bc gks quc tecfcf ufa cbab ocstadekfag cftrc 48 y 4> scjafas, cf uf 3% bc gks quc fadcf dkf jás bc 4? scjafas bc cbab ocstadekfag, y bc nkrja cxdcpdekfag cf gks fadebks a tårjefk.
• Ctekgkoêa Ga prefdepag dausa bc ga cfncrjcbab bc ga jcjhrafa leagefa cs cg bånedet bc surnadtaftc. Bedlk surnadtaftc cs uf aocftc tcfsekadtevk prkbudebk cf gas dågugas agvckgarcs tepk EE, dkjpucstk pkr nksnkgêpebks y prktcêfas. Ga prkbuddeôf dkjecfza cf cg nctk cftrc gas scjafas 82 y 8< bc cjharazk, aprkxejabajcftc, y sc pucbc bctcdtar cf cg gêquebk ajfeôtedk cftrc gas scjafas 8< y 48. Gks fevcgcs bc aocftc tcfskadtevk sucgcf agdafzar ga jaburcz bcspuås bc gas 43 scjafas bc ocstadeôf. Ga sêftcses bcg aocftc tcfsekadtevk bcpcfbc cf partc bcg pL safouêfck, bc ga tcjpcratura dkrpkrag y bc ga pcrnuseôf. Sf rcdeåf fadebk dkf asnexea, lepkxea, esqucjea pugjkfar, lepkvkgcjea, lepktcfseôf y cstrås pkr nrêk vc rcbudeba su prkbuddeôf bc surnadtaftc. Cg bånedet bc surnadtaftc ladc quc cg agvåkgk fcdcsetc jás prcseôf para bestcfbcrsc, pkr gk quc cg pugjôf sc cfducftra jcfks aercabk y jás rêoebk, aujcftafbk cg trahamk rcsperatkrek. Dkjk rcsugtabk bc cstc prkdcsk sc prkbudc atcgcdtasea pugjkfar prkorcseva y cg aoktajecftk bcg rcdeåf fadebk.
• Nadtkrcs bc recsok pcrefatag a) Nadtkrcs quc ancdtaf cg cstabk bcg bcsarrkggk pugjkfar ag fadcr= efdguycf prcjaturebab, beahctcs jatcrfa (addeôf eflehetkrea bc ga sêftcses bc surnadtaftc pkr ga efsugefa nctag), nadtkrcs ocfåtedks (raza hgafda, aftcdcbcftcs cf lcrjafks k scxk jasdugefk) k jagnkrjadekfcs tkrádedas quc dausaf lepkpgasea pugjkfar (lcrfea beanraojáteda). h) Nadtkrcs quc pucbcf bctcrekrar bc nkrja aouba ga prkbuddeôf, gehcradeôf k nufdeôf bcg surnadtaftc== asnexea pcrefatag cf rcdeåf fadebks (p.cm. pkr lcjkrraoeas aftcpartk k fadejecftk surnadtaftc bc scoufbks ocjcgks) y ga dcsárca sef trahamk bc partk. Gks fckfatks quc fadcf aftcs bc quc sc efedec cg trahamk bc partk fk sc hcfcnedeaf bc ga addeôf bc gas lkrjkfas abrcfåroedas y cstcrkebcs gehcrabks buraftc cg jesjk, quc aujcftaf ga prkbuddeôf bc surnadtaftc y su gehcradeôf.
• Dgêfeda y beaofôstedk Ga dgêfeda sc daradtcreza pkr uf duabrk bc benedugtab rcsperatkrea prkorcseva jafencstabk pkr taquepfca, qucmebk rcsperatkrek, rctraddeôf dkstag y deafkses. Cg dkjecfzk bc gks sêftkjas cs tcjprafk (bc gas prejcras > a < lkras l kras bc veba) y sc prkbudc uf aoravajecftk ladea cg tcrdcr bêa. Pasabas ?8 a 5> lkras cg duabrk dkjecfza a jcmkrar se fk surocf dkjpgedadekfcs. Cg cstubek rabekgôoedk ayuba ag beaofôstedk (jucstra hrkfdkoraja aårck daradtcrêstedk), muftk dkf ga dgêfeda y ga jcbedeôf bc oascs artcreagcs.
• Prcvcfdeôf Gk jás ejpkrtaftc cs prcvcfer ga prcjaturebab y tajheåf cvetar gas dcsárcas effcdcsareas k efkpkrtufas, ladecfbk uf scouejecftk dkrrcdtk bc ga jumcr cjharazaba bc agtk recsok. Ga bctcrjefadeôf prcfatag bc ga jaburcz pugjkfar pucbc cstahgcdcrsc jcbeaftc cxájcfcs bcg gêquebk ajfeôtedk.
cbetkreag } dcp
Dkjk tratajecftk bc prcvcfdeôf para jcmkrar ga efjaburcz pugjkfar sc usaf ogudkdkrtedkebcs abjefestrabks a gas ocstaftcs. Para scr cncdtevks cs prcdesk quc sc layaf babk jêfejk 82 lkras aftcs bcg partk, pcrbecfbk su cncdtevebab tras ? bêas bc su abjefestradeôf. Lasta alkra sôgk laf bcjkstrabk scr ýtegcs cf gks cjharazks quc dursaf cftrc gas 8< y 42 scjafas.
• Rratajecftk y duebabks Gas dgavcs bcg tratajecftk skf= - Prcvcfer ga lepkxea y ga adebkses - Kptejezar cg tratajecftk dkf gêquebks (cveta ga lepkvkgcjea, cg slki y cg cbcja pugjkfar) - Besjefuer gas bcjafbas jctahôgedas (cvetar ga lepktcrjea y rcbuder ag jêfejk cg dkfsujk bc kxêocfk dkgkdafbk ag hchå cf ufa efduhabkra) e fduhabkra) - Kxeocfktcrapea - Jkfetkrezar dkfstaftcs, se ga saturadeôf bc kxêocfk kxêocfk dac pucbc scr fcdcsarek cg usk bc DPAP k efdgusk bc vcftegadeôf asesteba - Abjefestradeôf cfbktraqucag bc surnadtaftc pugjkfar artenedeag
• Dkjpgedade Dkjpgedadekfcs kfcs Ga jaykrêa skf scdufbareas ag tratajecftk dkf rcsperadeôf asesteba y kxeocfktcrapea prkgkfoaba (harktrauja)= - Fcujktôrax Prcscfdea bc aerc cxtraagvckgar. Pucbc scr aseftkjátedk k dausar benedugtab rcsperatkrea oravc, pubecfbk prcdesar vcftegadeôf jcdáfeda y brcfamc. - Bespgasea hrkfdkpugjkfar Ancddeôf pugjkfar drôfeda drôfeda bcsdreta cf askdeadeôf ag usk bc vcftegadeôf vcftegadeôf jcdáfeda jcdáfeda cf dkfmuftk dkfmuftk dkf dkf kxeocfktcrapea buraftc pcrêkbks prkgkfoabks. Tc daradtcreza pkr uf aujcftk bc gks rcqucrejecftks vcftegatkreks y bc kxêocfk pkr jás bc bks scjafas, ladecfbk benêdeg cg bcstctc (rcteraba bc gks skpkrtcs bc vcftegadeôf), y a jcfubk sc askdea dkf efsunedecfdea darbêada c efncddekfcs. Gks hrkfdkbegatabkrcs, dkrtedkebcs y ufa hucfa nesektcrapea rcsperatkrea jcmkraf cg prkfôstedk. - Efncddekfcs Tcdufbareas dkf nrcducfdea a ga efstrujcftadeôf, datåtcrcs k ag cquepk bc vcftegadeôf, quc prkpkrprkpkrdekfaf addcsk a gks jedrkkroafesjks, gks duagcs efvabcf dkf nadegebab ag fckfatk dkf uf sestcja efjufetarek efjaburk. Tecjprc quc qu c sc skspcdlc cs prcdesk khtcfcr dugtevks y abjefestrar afteheôtedks efjcbeatajcftc.
h. Raquepfca trafsetkre trafsetkreaa bcg rcdeåf fadebk • Dkfdcptk c efdebcfdea Rajheåf dkfkdeba pkr sêfbrkjc bc benedugtab rcsperatkrea tepk EE, k ‗pugjôf lýjcbk‚. Cs ufa agtcradeôf nrcducftc (aprkxejabajcftc cg 40% bc gks duabrks bc bestrås rcsperatkrek fckfatag), gcvc y autkgejetaba. Prcbkjefa cf cg fckfatk a tårjefk, pcrk tajheåf sc khscrva cf cg prctårjefk gêjetc,
cbetkreag } dcp
prefdepagjcftc fadebk pkr dcsárca. Tc daradtcreza pkr taquepfca, pubecfbk lahcr rctraddekfcs y deafkses gcvc.
• Ctekgkoêa Ga dausa prcdesa fk cstá adgaraba pcrncdtajcftc. Cxestcf trcs tckrêas quc eftcftaf bar cxpgedadeôf ag prkhgcja. - Tcoýf Avcry Avcry y dkgs.= pkstugaf pkstugaf quc ga RRXF sc prkbudc prkbudc pkr ga bestcfseôf bc gks cspadeks eftcrseftcrstedeagcs pkr cg gêquebk pugjkfar quc ba guoar ag atrapajecftk bcg aerc agvckgar y ag bcsdcfsk bc ga bestcfsehegebab pugjkfar. - Ktrks autkrcs= autkrcs= sc prkbudc pkr rctrask bc ga cgejefadeôf cgejefadeôf bcg gêquebk pugjkfar pkr auscfdea bc dkjprcseôf tkrádeda (partk pkr dcsárca), lepcrscbadeôf jatcrfa, k hecf pkr aujcftk bcg gêquebk efsperabk cf duabrks bc asperadeôf bc gêquebk ajfeôtedk dgark. - Ktrks autkrcs= jaftecfcf ga tckrêa bc ufa efjaburcz gcvc bcg sestcja sestcja bc surnadtaftc. Cf duagquecr dask, gk quc sc prkbudc cs uf cbcja pugjkfar trafsetkrek benedugtafbk ga abaptadeôf pugjkfar a ga veba cxtrautcrefa, quc lahetuagjcftc sc prkbudc cf jefutks y quc pucbc prkgkfoarsc buraftc vareks bêas.
• Dgêfeda y beaofôstedk Duabrk bc benedugtab rcsperatkrea prcscftc bcsbc cg fadejecftk, cf cg quc prcbkjefa ga taqueptaquep fca, quc pucbc ggcoar a 100-180 rcsperadekfcs pkr jefutk (skgapáfbksc cf kdasekfcs dkf ga nrcducfdea darbêada). Cg qucmebk, ga deafkses y gas rctraddekfc rctraddekfcss skf pkdk dkjufcs, aufquc pucbcf khscrvarsc cf gks dasks jás oravcs. Ga dgêfeda pucbc aoravarsc cf gas prejcras >-< lkras, para cstahegezarsc pkstcrekrjcftc y, a parter bc gas 18-12 lkras, cxpcrejcftar ufa rápeba jcmkrêa bc tkbks gks sêftkjas, aufquc pucbc pcrsester ga taquepfca dkf rcsperadeôf supcrnedeag buraftc 4-2 bêas. Cg beaofôstedk cs bc cxdguseôf, ya quc cg duabrk dgêfedk y ga rabekgkoêa pucbcf tajheåf scr dkjpatehgcs dkf scpses fckfatag k fcujkfêa. Ga bencrcfdeadeôf dkf ga cfncrjcbab bc ga jcjhrafa leagefa tajheåf pucbc scr benêdeg, skhrc tkbk se sc trata bc uf prcjaturk bc 43-4> scjafas. Gas daradtcrêstedas besteftevas bc ga taquepfca trafsetkrea skf ga hrusda rcdupcradeôf bcg XF y ga auscfdea bc hrkfdkoraja aårck cf ga rabekoranêa bc tôrax. Sfa cvkgudeôf bcsnavkrahgc efvageba cg beaofôstedk.
• Rratajecftk y duebabks Khscrvadeôf bcg fckfatk, ascourafbk uf eftcrdajhek oascksk sunedecftc jcbeaftc asestcfdea rcsperatkrea buraftc cg tecjpk quc burc cg trastkrfk. Jaftcfcr uf ajhecftc tårjedk abcduabk. Agejcftadeôf pkr skfba se ga nrcducfdea rcsperatkrea supcra gas >0-<0 rcsperadekfcs pkr jefutk.
cbetkreag } dcp
d. Têfbrkjc bc asperadeôf jcdkfeag • Bcnefedeôf c efdebcfdea Dkfsestc cf ga eflagadeôf bc gêquebk ajfeôtedk jcdkfeag eftraýtcrk k eftrapartk. Cg rcdeåf fadebk quc aspera jcdkfek cs lahetuagjcftc cg fadebk a tårjefk k cg pksjaburk dkf aftcdcbcftcs bc lepkxea pcrefatag k eftrapartk (rcprcscfta uf 4% bc gks dasks bc bestrås rcsperatkrek fckfatag)
• Dgêfeda y beaofôstedk Bestrås rcsperatkrek eftcfsk prcdkz y prkorcsevk dkf taquepfca, rctraddekfcs, lepkxcjea y csperadeôf prkgkfoaba. Ga ausdugtadeôf jucstra besjefudeôf bcg jurjuggk vcsedugar. Cg beaofôstedk bchc skspcdlarsc aftc uf bestrås rcsperatkrek bc dkjecfzk prcdkz, cf uf fckfatk dkf lepkxea eftrapartk dkf ejprcofadeôf bc jcdkfek cf pecg y dkrbôf, khscrvadeôf bc jcdkfek cf tráquca y rcafejadeôf gahkreksa. Ga rabekoranêa jucstra ufa ejaocf daradtcrêsteda cf ‗pafag bc ahcma‚.
• Prcvcfdeôf y tratajecftk Dkjk prejcra jcbeba bc prcvcfdeôf, eftcftar besjefuer ga lepkxea drôfeda c eftrapartk. Ga asperadeôf bc fasknarefoc aftcs bc ga sageba bc gks lkjhrks y bc ga prejcra rcsperadeôf y ga asperadeôf traqucag tras cg fadejecftk nucrkf jcbebas quc besjefuycrkf ga jkrhejkrtagebab. Adtuagjcftc, ga asperadeôf traqucag cstá cf rcveseôf pkr scr ufa jcbeba juy aorcseva y cxester asperadekfcs eftraýtcrk quc fk pucbcf cvetarsc aýf dkf ga jesja. Pkr gk taftk, sc rcdkjecfba eftuhadeôf y asperadeôf traqucag efjcbeata sôgk cf fckfatks bcprejebks (dkf apoar 7 bc > ag jefutk). Jecftras taftk, ga gejpecza bc ga vêa aårca supcrekr seouc secfbk nufbajcftag para ga rcafejadeôf bc gks rcdeåf fadebks. Cg tratajecftk cs nufbajcftagjcftc prcvcftevk. Ga vcftegadeôf dkf jasdaregga k tuhk cfbktraqucag bchc cvetarsc aftcs bc rcagezar ufa asperadeôf traqucag reourksa. Cg khmctevk cs jaftcfcr ufa saturadeôf bc kxêocfk abcduaba, tcfecfbk quc aduber nrcducftcjcftc a DPAP k efdgusk vcftegadeôf asesteba. Cf agoufks dasks cs fcdcsarek cg gavabk hrkfqueag dkf sucrk nesekgôoedk y surnadtaftc. surnadtaftc.
• Prkfôstedk ^a a bcpcfbcr bc ga oravcbab bcg bestrås rcsperatkrek, bc ga pksehegebab bc quc cg duabrk sc dkjpgequc dkf ufa lepcrtcfseôf pugjkfar pcrsestcftc y, skhrc tkbk, bc gas dkfscducfdeas fcurkgôoedas bcg sunrejecftk nctag.
b. Atrcsea bc dkafas • Bcnefedeôf y ctekgkoêa Cs uf hgkquck k cstrcdlajec cstrcdlajecftk ftk dkfoåfetk (prcscftc ag fadcr) bc gas vêas aårcas fasagcs pkr uf tcmebk ôsck k jcjhrafksk. Tcoýf cg orabk bc khstruddeôf fasag, ga atrcsea bc dkafas pucbc scr ufegatcrag k hegatcrag, dkjpgcta k efdkjpgcta. Ga dausa bc ga atrcsea dkafag sc bcsdkfkdc, pcrk sc drcc quc rcsugta bc ga pcrsestcfdea bc ga jcjhrafa cftrc gks cspadeks fasagcs y kragcs buraftc cg bcsarrkggk nctag. A jcfubk cstá askdeaba (cf dcrda bcg 30% bc gks dasks) dkf ktras afkjagêas dkfoåfetas, dkjk gas bcg pagabar, nêstugas traquckcsknáoedas y agoufas darbekpatêas.
cbetkreag } dcp
• Dgêfeda y beaofôstedk - Duabrk bc benedugtab rcsperatkrea rcsperatkrea quc sc prcscfta prcscfta bcspuås bcspuås bcg fadejecftk, quc dasuagjcftc jcmkra duafbk cg hchå ggkra. Cg rcdeåf fadebk sc dkfkdc dkjk uf ‗rcsperabkr fasag khgeoabk‚, gk quc seofeneda quc bchc rcsperar a travås bc su farez, babk quc gas vêas rcsperatkreas kragcs fk sc laf bcsarrkggabk gk sunedecftc para pcrjeter ga rcsperadeôf nrcducftc pkr ga hkda. Ýfedajcftc ufks bc gks pkdks jkjcftks cf quc cg hchå fk rcspera pkr ga farez, ladeåfbkgk pkr ga hkda, cs duafbk cstá ggkrafbk. - Efdapadebab para agejcftarsc y rcsperar ag jesjk tecjpk. - Ga khstruddeôf khstruddeôf k scdrcdeôf fasag pcrsestcftc pcrsestcftc cf uf skgk gabk pucbc scr uf seofk bc atrcsea dkafag quc ancdta csc gabk. - Cstks sêftkjas sêftkjas varearáf scoýf cg tepk bc atrcsea, atrcsea, fcdcsetafbk fcdcsetafbk efdgusk rcafejadeôf cf cg dask bc atrcsea hgatcrag, k pasafbk efabvcrteba cf ga ufegatcrag. Cg beaofôstedk sc ladc pkr cxajcf nêsedk, rabekoranêa drafcag dkf dkftrastc, RAD k cfbksdkpek bc nehra ôpteda.
• Rratajecftk y duebabks Gk prejcrk cs ascourar ufa hucfa vcftegadeôf y kxeocfadeôf bcg rcdeåf fadebk, nrcducftcjcftc fcdcsetaf eftuhadeôf cfbktraqucag (cf cg dask bc khstruddeôf hegatcrag). Cs ejpkrtaftc jaftcfcr uf ajhecftc tårjedk abcduabk. Cg tratajecftk bcnefetevk cs querýroedk.
8. GADRAFDEA GADRAFDE A FARSXAG U AXRENED AXRENEDEAG. EAG. CTREJS CTREJSGADEÔF GADEÔF PXCDK] BC GA GADRAFDEA FARSXAG 8.1 Gadtafdea jatcrfa Lay quc rcsagtar su ejpkrtafdea. Ga gcdlc jatcrfa sc dkfsebcra ga jcmkr y jás ejpkrtaftc nucftc futreteva para cg feñk cf gks prejcrks defdk/sces jcscs bc veba. Ga agejcftadeôf jatcrfa dkftrehuyc a= - Ga prcvcfdeôf prcvcfdeôf bc gas cfncrjcbabcs cfncrjcbabcs bearrcedas bearrcedas buraftc cg prejcr añk bc veba, ya quc prkpkrdekfa prktcddeôf dkftra gas cfncrjcbabcs efncddeksas, pkr su dkftcfebk cf 3 afteducrpks. Asê, cg feñk ajajaftabk tecfc pkdks duabrks bearrcedks y ufa jaykr rcsestcfdea aftc gas cfncrjcbabcs rcsperatkreas, rcsperatkreas, skhrc tkbk buraftc gks g ks prejcrks jcscs bc veba. - Ga agejcftadeôf jatcrfa navkrcdc y cstrcdla cstrcdla ga rcgadeôf ancdteva jabrc-lemk efnguycfbk pkstcrekrjcftc cf cg bcsarrkggk psêquedk c efdrcjcftafbk gks scftejecftks bc ajkr y scourebab. Cg feñk sc secftc jás prktcoebk y apkyabk dkgahkrafbk a ga nkrjadeôf bc feñks jás cstahgcs y scourks cjkdekfagjcftc. Ga dkjpksedeôf bc ga gcdlc jatcrfa varêa a gk garok bcg tecjpk y sc pucbcf bestefouer trcs pcrêkbks= - 0-3½ bêa= Dagkstrk - 3½-13½ bêa= Gcdlc bc trafsedeôf - A parter bcg 13½ bêa= Gcdlc jabura
cbetkreag } dcp
Gas daradtcrêstedas bc ga gcdlc jatcrfa sc jkbenedaf pkdk bcsbc cg efedek lasta cg nefag bc ga gadtafdea, pcrk cxpcrejcftaf vareadekfcs a gk garok bcg bêa, c efdgusk cf cg trafsdursk bcg ajajaftajecftk.
Cf cg gadtaftc dkftrehuyc a uf jcmkr cstabk futretevk, uf jcmkr cstabk beocstevk y jctahôgedk, ufa jaykr prktcddeôf efjufkgôoeda y uf jcfkr recsok bc scfsehegezadeôf agåroeda. Cg retjk bchc scr a bcjafba bcg feñk secfbk fkrjag daba 8-4 lkras cf gks prejcrks 13 bêas. Ga buradeôf bc ga gadtafdea bchc scr bc ufks 10 jefutks cf daba pcdlk, dkjcfzafbk pkr cg ýgtejk quc sc gc bek cf ga aftcrekr tctaba. Ga jabrc sc gavará gas jafks dkf aoua y mahôf aftcs y bcspuås bc daba tkja, y sc scdará gks pczkfcs dkf ufa oasa gejpea. Ga pkstura bchc bc scr dôjkba jaftcfecfbk ga cspagba rcdta y cg hrazk quc skstecfc ag feñk apkyabk sumctafbk cg pczôf dkf ga ktra jafk. Ga becta bc ga jabrc bchc scr vareaba prkdurafbk uf supgcjcftk bearek bc jcbek getrk bc gcdlc ag bêa y sc bcsadkfscma ga efocsta bc hchebas agdklôgedas. Ga gadtafdea jatcrfa cstá dkftraefbedaba cf= - Oagadtkscjea. - RHD adteva jatcrfa. - Jabrc ^EL pksetevk, pksetevk, lcpatetes lcpatetes H aouba k pkrtabkra bc LHs Ao.
8.8 Gadtafdea artenedeag A. Repks bc gcdlc Duafbk ga gadtafdea jatcrfa fk cs pksehgc k cs efsunedecftc, cxestcf cf cg jcrdabk ktrks tepks bc gcdlc para ga agejcftadeôf efnafteg dkf sunedecftcs oaraftêas y quc ascouraf ufa abcduaba agejcftadeôf. Gas gcdlcs efbustreagcs para ga agejcftadeôf bcg f eñk sc pucbcf dgasenedar cf=
cbetkreag } dcp
a. Gcdlcs abaptabas k bc efedek Bcnefedeôf nkrjugaba pkr ga Tkdecbab Curkpca bc Oastrkcftcrkgkoêa y Futredeôf Pcbeátreda (CTPOAF) cf 15??, bcstefabas a duhrer pkr sê jesjas tkbas gas fcdcsebabcs futretevas bcg gadtaftc lasta gks duatrk/sces jcscs.
h. Gcdlcs bc dkftefuadeôf k gcdlcs bc bcstctc Bcstefabas a ga agejcftadeôf bc gks gadtaftcs a parter bcg queftk jcs y cf cg dkftcxtk bc ufa agejcftadeôf bevcrsenedaba. Tkf jás redas cf dagdek y cf lecrrk y skf jás lepcrprktcedas.
H. Rådfeda bc ga prcparad prcparadeôf eôf bcg hehcrôf Dkrrcdtk gavabk bc jafks dkf aoua y mahôf. Cstcregezar cg hehcrôf y ga tctefa 10 jefutks cf aoua lervecfbk. ^crtcr cf cg hehcrôf ga daftebab bc aoua fcdcsarea bc 40 cf 40 dd. Añaber gas jcbebas bc pkgvk rasas, sef dkjprejer. Sfa jcbeba pkr daba 40 dd bc aoua. Aoetar lasta ga dkjpgcta beskgudeôf. Prkhar cf ga dara eftcrfa bc ga juñcda k cf cg bkrsk bc ga jafk. Fk bcmar quc csdurra dkjpgctajcftc cg hehcrôf y terar ga gcdlc skhraftc. Ag tcrjefar gavar cg hehcrôf y ga tctefa dkf mahôf y cfmuaoar dkf aoua ahufbaftc. Fk bcmar cg hehcrôf y ga tctefa gavabks dkf aoua.
Csqucja 1?
XCDEÅF FADEBK TAFK U PARKGÔOEDK. ^AGKXADEÔF U DSEBABKT BC CFNCXJCXÊA Atcfdeôf y duebabks bcg rcdeåf fadebk safk Cg duebabk bcg rcdeåf fadebk fkrjag tecfc dkjk khmctevk supcrvesar quc cg prkdcsk bc abaptadeôf bcg rcdeåf fadebk sc rcagedc cf nkrja fkrjag y ayubar a ga jabrc a dkjprcfbcr gas daradtcrêstedas prkpeas bc cstc pcrêkbk y bc ncfôjcfks nesekgôoedks quc fk kdurrcf cf fefoufa ktra cbab. A gks pabrcs, y, cf cspcdeag a ga jabrc gcs dkjpctc cg duebabk bc su lemk rcdeåf fadebk. Lay uf pcrêkbk bc abaptadeôf dgavc cf gks prejcrks bêas cftrc ga jabrc y cg rcdeåf fadebk quc aharda nufdekfcs hekgôoedas, psedkgôoedas y csperetuagcs. Cg ejpadtk cxestcfdeag quc tecfc cg fadejecftk bc uf lemk cf gks pabrcs cs ufk bc gks cvcftks bc jaykr eftcfsebab cf su veba
Atcfdeôf efjcbeata Cvaguadeôf bc ga rcsperadeôf, nrcducfdea darbeada y dkgkr Rcst bc Apoar Bcsdartar jagnkrjadekfcs jaykrcs Aftrkpkjctrêa y prejcra cvaguadeôf bc cbab ocstadekfag Duebabk bc trafsedeôf lasta gas prejcras 82 lkras Gas prejcras lkras bc veba bcg rcdeåf fadebk rcquecrcf bc ufa supcrveseôf cspcdeag bc su tcjpcratura, seofks vetagcs y dkfbedeôf dgêfeda ocfcrag. Cstc bchc rcagezarsc muftk a ga jabrc se cg feñk fk tecfc prkhgcjas, duebafbk quc sc jaftcfoa uf hucf dkftrkg bc ga tcjpcratura. Cstk pcrjetc jaftcfcr y nkrtagcdcr cg vêfdugk jabrc-lemk cf uf pcrêkbk cspcdeagjcftc scfsehgc c ejpkrtaftc y cg efedek prcdkz bc ga gadtafdea. Cf cg bescñk y kroafezadeôf bc tkba jatcrfebab sc bchc dkfsebcrar quc sc ducftcf dkf gas nadegebabcs para quc cg duebabk bc trafsedeôf sc cncdtýc muftk a ga jabrc Atcfdeôf bcg XF cf pucrpcrek Atcfdeôf Agejcftadeôf faturag Ncfôjcfks nesekgôoedks quc lay quc cxpgedar a gks pabrcs Aspcdtk bcg jcdkfek y bcpksedekfcs bc trafsedeôf Dkgkr y pecg Edtcredea Dkjpkrtajecftk y rcngcmk Cncdtks lkrjkfagcs Cvkgudeôf bcg pcsk Duebabk bcg kjhgeok Duebabks ocfcragcs Jcbedekfcs Pcsk
Ragga Pcrêjctrk dcnágedk Pcrêjctrk tkrádedk Efspcddeôf ocfcrag Cxpgkradeôf bc ga pecg Cxpgkradeôf bc ga dahcza Cxpgkradeôf aparatk rcsperatkrek Cxpgkradeôf aparatk darbekvasdugar Cxpgkradeôf bcg ahbkjcf Cxpgkradeôf ocfetag Cxpgkradeôf aparatk gkdkjktkr Cxpgkradeôf fcurkgôoeda
Bcsarrkggk vetag y duebabks buraftc cg prejcr añk bc veba Bcsarrkggk nêsedk Pcsk Ragga Pcrêjctrk dcnágedk y pcrêjctrk tkrádedk Jkgbcabk bc ga dahcza ^eseôf Aubedeôf Kgnatk y oustk Radtk Xcngcmks Bcsarrkggk jktkr
Atcfdeôf y duebabks bcg rcdeåf fadebk patkgôoedk Bcnefejks rcdeåf fadebk patkgôoedk a aquåg cf cg quc sc khmctevaf seofks y/k sêftkjas bc cfncrjcbab, bc ctekgkoêa y cxprcseôf dgêfeda vareahgc. A dkftefuadeôf fkjhrarcjks ufa screc bc patkgkoêas quc pucbcf adkftcdcr cf gks fckfatks, asê dkjk su atcfdeôf y duebabks buraftc gas jesjas
Jagnkrjadekfcs dkfoåfetas Tc bcnefcf dkjk tkba afkjagêa bc bcsarrkggk jkrnkgôoedk cstrudturag, nufdekfag k jkgcdugar, cxtcrfa k eftcrfa, najegear k cspkrábeda, lcrcbetarea k fk, ýfeda k jýgtepgc. Ga ctekgkoêa bc cstas jagnkrjadekfcs sc bcsdkfkdc cf jas bcg 50% bc gks dasks .Cf ocfcrag cstas jagnkrjadekfcs tecfcf uf kreocf jugtenadtkreag quc efdguycf efngucfdeas taftk ocfåtedas dkjk ajhecftagcs, drkjksôjedas, rcdeåf fadebks ancdtabks pkr efncddekfcs dkfoåfetas, cbab jatcrfa supcrekr a 20 añks, beahctcs, cxpksedekfcs a rabeadeôf, tratajecftk dkf dkrtedkebcs, ctd. Jagnkrjadekfcs darbêadas Repks bc jagnkrjadekfcs darbêadas Dgêfeda Rratajecftk
Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja fcrveksk dcftrag Jagnkrjadekfcs Cfdcnagkdcgc y afcfdcnagea Cspefa hêneba Cspefa hêneba kdugta Cspefa hêneba quêsteda Lebrkdcnagea dkfoåfeta Jedrkdcnagea Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja rcsperatkrek Jagnkrjadekfcs Jcjhrafa garêfoca y atrcsea bc dkafas Lcrfea beanraojáteda Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja oastrkeftcstefag Jagnkrjadekfcs Gahek gcpkrefk y nesura pagatefa Atrcsea csknáoeda y nêstuga traquck csknáoeda Kfnagkdcgc y oastrksqueses Afk ejpcrnkrabk Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja jýsdugk-csqucgåtedk Jagnkrjadekfcs Bespgasea dkfoåfeta bc dabcra Cg pec cquefkvark Jagnkrjadekfcs bcg sestcja ocfetkurefarek Jagnkrjadekfcs Lepkspabeas Cpespabeas Jagnkrjadekfcs dkfoåfetas bcrevabas bc agtcradekfcs drkjksôjedas Jagnkrjadekfcs Têfbrkjc bc Patau (treskjêa 14) Têfbrkjc bc Cbwarb (treskjêa 1<) Têfbrkjc bc Bkwf (treskjêa 81) Têfbrkjc bc Rurfcr (jkfkskjêa pardeag k tktag bcg drkjkskja \) Rraujatesjks khståtredks Rraujatesjks Repks bc traujatesjks Rraujatesjks aftcpartk Rraujatesjks eftrapartk Rraujatesjks pkspartk Nadtkrcs quc vaf a prcbespkfcr ag rcdeåf fadebk a gas gcsekfcs khståtredas Jatcrfks Nctagcs Bcg partk Repks bc gcsekfcs cf cg rcdeåf fadebk Gcsekfcs bc dahcza y ducggk Daput sudcbafcuj k tujkr bcg partk
Dcnagklcjatkja Nradturas drafcagcs Gcsekfcs ôscas Nradtura bc dgavêduga Nradtura bc gks lucsks garoks (lýjcrk y nåjur) Gcsekfcs bcg sestcja fcrveksk pcrenåredk Parágeses bcg pgcxk hraqueag (bc Crh-Budlcffc) Parágeses bcg pgcxk hraqueag (bc Igujic) Parágeses nadeag Parágeses bcg fcrvek nråfedk Gcsekfcs bcg sestcja fcrveksk dcftrag Lcjkrraoea eftradrafcag Gcsekfcs bc ga jåbuga cspefag
Afkxeas bcg rcdeåf fadebk Ctekgkoêa y nesekpatkgkoêa Dausas jatcrfas Nadtkrcs nufêdugk-pgadcftareks Dausas nctagcs Dausas cxtrêfscdas k eatrkoåfedas ^agkradeôf pcrefatag Prcfatag Pkstfatag Rratajecftk y duebabks Prkfôstedk Edtcredea cf cg rcdeåf fadebk Jctahkgesjk y tepks bc hegerruhefa Repks bc edtcredea y sus dausas Edtcredea pkr aujcftk bc hegerruhefa efbercdta Edtcredea pkr aujcftk bc hegerruhefa bercdta Rratajecftk y duebabks Ga nktktcrapea Ga cxafouefktrafsnuseôf Efncddekfcs fckfatagcs Efncddekfcs Dkfoåfetas Rkxkpgasjkses Xuhåkga Detkjcoagkverus Lcrpcs sejpgc ^aredcga ]kstcr
Têneges Efncddekfcs vêredas bc trafsjeseôf vcrtedag Lcpatetes H Lcpatetes D ^EL ^aredcga y Lcrpcs sejpgc Efncddekfcs hadtcreafas k pkr lkfoks Tcpses bc trafsjeseôf vcrtedag Tcpses fkskdkjeagcs Tcpses dkjufetareas
Cfncrjcbabcs bcg aparatk rcsperatkrek Cfncrjcbabcs Cfncrjcbab bc ga jcjhrafa leagefa Dkfdcptk c efdebcfdea Ctekgkoêa Nadtkrcs bc recsok pcrefatag Dgêfeda y beaofôstedk Prcvcfdeôf Rratajecftk y duebabks Dkjpgedadekfcs Raquepfca trafsetkrea bcg rcdeåf fadebk Dkfdcptk c efdebcfdea Ctekgkoêa Dgêfeda y beaofôstedk Rratajecftk y duebabks Têfbrkjc bc asperadeôf jcdkfeag Bcnefedeôf c efdebcfdea Dgêfeda y beaofôstedk Prcvcfdeôf y tratajecftk Prkfôstedk Atrcsea bc dkafas Bcnefedeôf y ctekgkoêa Dgêfeda y beaofôstedk Rratajecftk y duebabks
GADRAFDEA FARSXAG U AXRENEDEAG. GADRAFDEA AXRENEDEA G. CTRE CTREJSGADEÔF JSGADEÔF PXCDK] PX CDK] BC GA GADRAFDEA FARSXAG Gadtafdea jatcrfa Lay quc rcsagtar su ejpkrtafdea. Ga gcdlc jatcrfa sc dkfsebcra ga jcmkr y jás ejpkrtaftc nucftc futreteva para cg feñk cf gks prejcrks defdk/sces jcscs bc veba
Gadtafdea artenedeag Repks bc gcdlc Gcdlcs abaptabas k bc efedek Gcdlcs bc dkftefuadeôf k gcdlcs bc bcstctc Rådfeda bc ga prcparadeôf bcg hehcrôf Dkrrcdtk gavabk bc jafks dkf aoua y mahôf. Cstcregezar cg hehcrôf y ga tctefa 10 jefutks cf aoua lervecfbk. ^crtcr cf cg hehcrôf ga daftebab bc aoua fcdcsarea bc 40 cf 40 dd. Cfnrear cg aoua. Añaber gas jcbebas bc pkgvk rasas, sef dkjprejer. Sfa jcbeba pkr daba 40 dd bc aoua. Aoetar lasta ga dkjpgcta beskgudeôf. Prkhar cf ga dara eftcrfa bc ga juñcda k cf cg bkrsk bc ga jafk