RMJH ?
Gmstnÿk bm acs smrvnoncs mkemrjmrcs. Njpcrthkonh, prcfamjhs, tmkbmkonhs hotuhams. \rcbuotc mkemrjmrc. Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnonc. Jîtcbcs bm mvhauhonÿk
Vmemrmkonhs Amgnsahtnvhs
Bmormtc >0/6<<>, bm 87 bm duanc, bma Ocksmaa, pcr ma qum sm hprumfh ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm _haub \ôfanoh bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh, ouyh ôatnjh jcbnenohonÿk sm `h prcbuonbc pcr Crbmk 86<86, bm 62 bm duanc, bm ah Ocksmaamrnh bm _hknbhb, pcr ah qum sm prcombm h ah hotuhanzhonÿk bm ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm _haub \ôfanoh bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh
Fnfancgrheêh
Fhabmrhs \mbrmrc9 JA. Hbjnknstrhonÿk bm smrvnoncs bm mkemrjmrêh. Mb. Nktmrhjmrnohkh. Jo Grhw-@naa. Jîxnoc. 8>>=.
Cfdmtnvcs
_hfmr quî cfdmtnvcs tnmkm ma bmphrthjmktc bm mkemrjmrêh _hfmr acs prcfamjhs bmrnvhbcs bm ah gmstnÿk mk ma èjfntc `cspnthahrnc Ockcomr ma ockomptc bm prcbuotc mkemrjmrc y acs snstmjhs bm jmbnonÿk
8. GM_RNßK BM AC_ _MVUNON _MVUNONC_ C_ MKEMV MKEMVJMVC_. JMVC_. NJ\CVRH NJ\CVRHKONH, KONH, \VCFAMJH_, RMKBMKONH_ HOR]HAM_ Ah mstruoturh bm ouhaqunmr crghknzhonÿk bmpmkbm bm ah eukonÿk prcpnh y bm ah enkhanbhb bm bno`h crghknzhonÿk, mk ma ohsc bm acs smrvnoncs bm mkemrjmrêh msth crghknzhonÿk, ecrjh phrtm bm ukh suprhmstruoturh ocjpamdh bmpmkbnmktm bm ah enacsceêh bm ah nkstntuonÿk. \cr tcbc maac, ms njprmsonkbnfam mkjhrohr acs smrvnoncs bm mkemrjmrêh bmktrc bm ahs nkstntuonckms ockconmkbc hsê, su enacsceêh, cfdmtnvcs, prncrnbhbms... qum msh bmtmrjnkhbh crghknzhonÿk shknthrnh nkoauym. Mstc njpanoh rmprmsmkthonÿk bm mkemrjmrêh mk ah bnrmoonÿk `cspnthahrnh, pcr jmbnc bm ah bnrmotcrh bm mkemrjmrêh, qum ecrjhkbc phrtm bma ocksmdc bma `cspntha pumbh jhknemsthr ahs prmsthonckms y ahs kmomsnbhbms bm mkemrjmrêh. Ma pahk bm gmstnÿk bm mkemrjmrêh utnanzh ocjc mstrhtmgnh gacfha ah pahknenohonÿk bm ah ohanbhb bm acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh, y mstruoturh sus prmsthonckms mk ecrjh bm prcymotcs. H ah gmstnÿk `cspnthahrnh, bmsbm ah bnrmoonÿk bm mkemrjmrêh, sm am prmsmkthk acs prcbuotcs mkemrjmrcs. Acs pahkms bm ounbhbcs ockstntuymk ahs rmemrmkonhs bm nbmktnenohonÿk bm acs prcbuotcs mkemrjmrcs.
Rhjfnîk acs bmphrthjmktcs bm mkemrjmrêh gmstnckhk su pmrsckha jmbnhktm ma oèaouac gmkmrhbc pcr kmomsnbhb bm prcemsnckhams phrh prcpcronckhr acs prcbuotcs mkemrjmrcs ohaouahbcs.
8.8 Cfdmtnvcs bma bmphrthjmktc bm mkemrjmrêh Ock rmahonÿk h ah bnstrnfuonÿk bm ohrghs bm trhfhdc, pmrjntnmkbc ma bmshrrcaac bm uk trhfhdc menohz y bm ohanbhb, ma bmphrthjmktc bm mkemrjmrêh pahktmh acs sngunmktms cfdmtnvcs4 h) Ah pahknenohonÿk bm acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh mkemrjmrêh `h bm smr `cjcgîkmh `cjcgîkmh mk tcbcs acs prcomscs prcomscs jès `hfntuhams. f) Ocksmouonÿk bm ah gmstnÿk gmstnÿk bm ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh mkemrjmrêh nkecrjhtnzhbh bm ecrjh msthkbhrnzhbh. o) Cftmkonÿk bm mvhauhonckms mvhauhonckms pmrnÿbnohs bm ohrghs bm trhfhdc trhfhdc mk uknbhbms bm `cspnthanzhonÿk, pcr phonmktms. b) Ohaouahr ma ocstm bm ghstcs pcr phonmktms phonmktms smgôk rmourscs rmourscs jhtmrnhams y `ujhkcs prmonshbcs. \cr maac, ah gmstnÿk bm acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh rmqunmrm prmvnh pahknenohonÿk bm ecrjh msthkbhrnzhbh pcr mxpmrtcs. Ahs supmrvnsnckms bm acs smrvnoncs bm mkemrjmrêh sm mstruoturhk mk4 - Cfsmrvhonÿk. - Occrbnkhonÿk. - Bmamghonÿk. ·
Mktmkbnmkbc pcr bmamghonÿk bmamghonÿk ah trhksemrmkonh trhksemrmkonh bm hutcrnbhb hutcrnbhb bm ukh pmrsckh pmrsckh h ctrh.
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Ah hutcrnbhb sm mktnmkbm ocjc ma ma pcbmr bm bmonsnÿk phrh bmtmrjnkhr ah ecrjh bm hotuhr bm hquma h qunmk sm bnrngm.
mbntcrnha } omp
8.6 Oèaouac bm ah pahktnaah bm mkemrjmrêh \hrh pcbmr rmhanzhr hbmouhbhjmktm ma oèaouac bma pmrsckha bm mkemrjmrêh prmonsc rmsuath njprmsonkbnfam ockcomr quî tnpc bm phonmktms, y qum tnpc bm kmomsnbhbms vhk h jhknemsthr, phrh ockcomr acs grhbcs bm bmpmkbmkonh bm mstcs phonmktms, y pcbmr hsê hktnonphr qum ohktnbhb bm prcemsnckhams sm pumbmk rmqumrnr mk eukonÿk bm acs orntmrncs bm bmpmkbmkonh mstubnhbcs. Hsê pums, ma kôjmrc y ah mspmonhanzhonÿk bma pmrsckha bm mkemrjmrêh vhrnhrè tmknmkbc mk oumkth4 h) Kôjmrc bm phonmktms phonmktms hsnstnbcs. f) Rnpc bm prcombnjnmktcs prcombnjnmktcs hsnstmkonhams hsnstmkonhams qum rmqunmrmk. rmqunmrmk. o) Kujmrc bm prcombnjnmktcs prcombnjnmktcs hsnstmkonhams hsnstmkonhams qum rmqunmrmk. rmqunmrmk. b) Rnmjpc kmomshrnc phrh bhr ocfmrturh h bno`cs bno`cs prcombnjnmktcs. m) Kmomsnbhb bm htmkonÿk htmkonÿk bnrmoth. bnrmoth. e) Vmqumrnjnmktc bm htmkonÿk nkbnrmoth. g) Kmomsnbhb bm mbuohonÿk shknthrnh c bm scpcrtm. scpcrtm. `) Grhvmbhb c rnmsgc rnmsgc pcr phtcacgêh c pcr nktmrvmkonÿk. n) Bmpmkbmkonh bma ounbhbc shknthrnc.
8.? Gmstnÿk bm mkemrjmrêh mk htmkonÿk prnjhrnh Acs omktrcs bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh sm gmstnckhk jmbnhktm ukh mstruoturh jhtrnhroha, bm ecrjh qum sm ocjpckmk bm4 - Occrbnkhbcr jîbnoc. - Occrbnkhbcr bm mkemrjmrêh. Ahs eukonckms bm hjfcs occrbnkhbcrms, bnrngnbhs jès mspmoêenohjmktm h su ocamotnvc prcemsnckha rmocgmk ahs eukonckms eukbhjmkthams bm4 \rcjcvmr ah bcomkonh, hotuhr ocjc aêbmrms mk ah tcjh bm bmonsnckms, y ocjc rmemrmkonh mktrm prcemsnckhams.
8.2 \rcfamjhs bmrnvhbcs bm ah gmstnÿk H. \rcfamjhs `cspnthah `cspnthahrncs rncs Acs prcfamjhs bmrnvhbcs mk ah gmstnÿk bmktrc bma èjfntc `cspnthahrnc bmpmkbmk bm bnemrmktms jctnvcs qum hemothk thktc h acs rmourscs `ujhkcs, ocjc h acs mockÿjnocs y mk cohsnckms h acs rmourscs tîoknocs. H ocktnkuhonÿk, sm bmthaahk hagukcs mdmjpacs4 h) Mxomsnvh ohrgh bm trhfhdc. f) Nksuenonmktm bnspcsnonÿk bm pmrsckha. o) Ehath bm jctnvhonÿk bm acs prcemsnckhams. prcemsnckhams.
mbntcrnha } omp
b) Jcvnanzhonÿk nkbnsornjnkhbh bm ah pahktnaah. m) Ehath bm trhfhdc mk mk mqunpc. e) Bmsnktmrîs c husmkonh husmkonh bm cemrth bm ah ecrjhonÿk ocktnkuhbh. ocktnkuhbh. g) Kc bmshrrcaac bmshrrcaac bm ah nkvmstnghonÿk, nkvmstnghonÿk, kn nkomktnvhonÿk pcr ah jnsjh. `) Kc `hfntc bm trhfhdc pcr cfdmtnvcs. cfdmtnvcs.
F. \rcfamjhs mk acs mqunpcs bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh Acs prcfamjhs mk ah gmstnÿk bm acs mqunpcs bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh sm bmrnvhk bm bcs prnkonphams crêgmkms4 nktrêksmocs y mxtrêksmocs.
h. \rcfamjhs bm crngmk nktrêksmoc ·
\mrsckha juy bnemrmktm, pcr su bnstnkth prcombmkonh, ecrjhonÿk, mxpmrnmkonh...
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\mrsckha ock bnstnktcs cfdmtnvcs...
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\mrsckha ock bnenouathb phrh bmshrrcaahr ma trhfhdc mk mqunpc.
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\mrsckha qum jhknenmsth ockeanotc bm rcams.
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\mrsckha qum sm rmsnstm h phshr bm ah hsnstmkonh nkbnvnbuha h ah hsnstmkonh ocjuknthrnh.
f. \rcfamjhs bm crngmk mxtrêksmoc ·
Ockbnonckms ahfcrhams, ocktrhtcs bm ocrth burhonÿk, jcvnanbhb juy ermoumktm...
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_nstmjhs bm nkomktnvhonÿk.
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Ockbnonckms bma trhfhdc, mxnstmkonh bm mqunphjnmktcs, mqunphjnmktcs, msphonc msphonc eêsnoc, rcthonÿk bm ohrghs ohrghs bm trhfhdc...
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Ohrhotmrêstnohs Ohrhotmrêstno hs bm ah zckh bm shaub, shaub, bnspmrsnÿk, bnspmrsnÿk, bnstrnfuonÿk bnstrnfuonÿk gmcgrèenoh, gmcgrèenoh, prmsnÿk hsnstmkonhs...
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Vmahonckms ock ah htmkonÿk mspmonhanzhbh...
6. \VCB]OR \VCB]ORC C MKEMV MKEMVJMVC JMVC 6.8 \rcbuotc shknthrnc4 Ockomptc Ockomptc y snstmjhs bm jmbnonÿk H. Ockomptc bm prcbuotc shknthrn shknthrnc c _m bmenkm ocjc prcbuotc shknthrnc ma rmsuathbc bm uk trhfhdc, yh smh fnmk c smrvnonc, prmsthbc h bnspcsnonÿk bm acs usuhrncs. Ah jhycrêh bm acs smrvnoncs sck prcbuotcs nktmrjmbncs, ocjc ahs hotnvnbhbms bm mkemrjmrêh, ma ocktrca bm ah RH, ah rmhanzhonÿk bm hkhaêtnohs... ouyh sujh ecrjhrè uk prcbuotc enkha, qum ms ma qum ma omktrc pumbm cemrthr ha usuhrnc.
mbntcrnha } omp
_m pumbm mktmkbmr qum acs omktrcs shknthrncs gmkmrhrhk thktcs prcbuotcs shknthrncs ocjc phonmktms rmhams c pctmkonhams tmkghk h su ohrgc. ohrgc.
F. _nstmjhs bm jmbnonÿk bma prcbuotc shknthrnc Ah bnenouath rhbnoh mk oÿjc jmbnr mscs prcbuotcs shknthrncs, pcr maac sm `hk bmenknbc bnstnkths ecrjhs bm oèaouacs, h ocktnkuhonÿk, sm bmthaahk ahs jès `hfntuhams4 h) Oèaouac bm prcbuotc shknthrnc pcr jmbnc bm grupcs grupcs bnhgkÿstnocs rmahonckhbcs rmahonckhbcs (GVB). f) Oèaouac bma prcbuotc shknthrnc pcr jmbnc bm ockduktc ockduktc jêknjc bm bhtcs fèsnocs (OJFB). o) Oèaouac bm prcbuotc prcbuotc shknthrnc pcr jmbnc bm ‑phtnmkt jhkhgmjmkt ohtmgcrnms‚ (\JO). b) Oèaouac bm prcbuotc shknthrnc pcr jmbnc bm Houtm \`sncacgy hkb orckno `mhat` mvhtuhtnck (H\HO@M).
6.6 \rcbuotc mkemrjmrc4 Ockomptc y snstmjhs bm jmbnonÿk H. Ockomptc bm prcbuotc mkemrjmrc Ma prcbuotc mkemrjmrc sm bmenkm ocjc4 knvma bm shaub haohkzhbc pcr uk usuhrnc, rmsuathbc bm ah nktmrvmkonÿk bm acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh. Nkoauymkbc mk acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh ouhaqunmr ecrjh bm hoonÿk ounbhbcrh rmhanzhbh pcr ahs mkemrjmrhs, bmsbm ah mdmouonÿk bm acs pahkms bm ounbhbcs, `hsth ah jhtmrnhanzhonÿk bm acs jnsjcs. Ma ockomptc bm prcbuotc mkemrjmrc surgm pcr ah kmomsnbhb bm ohthacghr c oahsnenohr ahs nktmrvmkonckms bm acs prcemsnckhams bm ah shaub, phrh bnstrnfunracs mk ohtmgcrêhs y bmsngkhrams oèaouacs bm ocstms pcr hotnvnbhb.
F. _nstmjhs bm jmbnonÿk bma prcbuotc mkemrjmrc \hrh ohthacghr mstcs prcbuotcs mkemrjmrcs sm vnmkm utnanzhkbc ma prcymotc _NGKC NN, h pmshr bm qum kc mxnstm ocksmksc enkha.
mbntcrnha } omp
Ma prcymotc _NGKC NN bnstrnfuym ckom grupcs bm hoonckms, bckbm mkemrjmrêh rmhanzh bmsbm hotnvnbhbms bm prcjconÿk bm ah shaub, prmvmkonÿk, trhthjnmktc, rm`hfnanthonÿk, hsê ocjc, hotnvnbhbms bm rmnksmronÿk sconha.
?. OHVRMVH BM _MVUNO _MVUNONC NC Mk ah Ocjuknbhb Uhamkonhkh ma Bmormtc >0/6<<>, bm 87 bm duanc, bma Ocksmaa, hprumfh ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm _haub \ôfanoh.
?.8 Cfdmtc Ma cfdmtc bma Bmormtc >0/6<<>, bm 87 bm duanc, bma Ocksmaa ms ah rmguahonÿk bm ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm _haub \ôfanoh bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh, mk hbmahktm ah Ohrtmrh, mk bmshrrcaac bm ahs prmvnsnckms ocktmknbhs mk ah Amy 86<82, bm 6> bm bnonmjfrm, bm ah Gmkmrhantht, bm _haub bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh. _m bmenkm ocjc Ohrtmrh ma ockduktc bm tîoknohs, tmokcacgêhs c prcombnjnmktcs jmbnhktm acs qum sm `homk memotnvhs ahs prmsthonckms bm shaub pôfanoh h qum tnmkm bmrmo`c tcbh ah pcfahonÿk bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh.
?.6 Cfdmtnvcs Acs cfdmtnvcs bm ah Ohrtmrh sck acs sngunmktms4 8. Nkecrjhr h acs onubhbhkcs onubhbhkcs bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh bm ahs prmsthonckms prmsthonckms cemrthbhs cemrthbhs mk jhtmjhtmrnh bm shaub pôfanoh. 6. Ghrhktnzhr ah prmsthonÿk prmsthonÿk bm ukcs smrvnoncs smrvnoncs bm ohanbhb qum sm hbhptmk hbhptmk h ahs kmomsnbhbms bnkèjnohs bm ah pcfahonÿk mk jhtmrnh bm shaub pôfanoh. ?. Msthfamomr ukhs aêkmhs bm hotuhonÿk oc`mrmktms oc`mrmktms ock acs cfdmtnvcs y ah mstrhtmgnh mstrhtmgnh bm ah Ocksmaamrnh bm _hknbhb mk jhtmrnh bm shaub pôfanoh, pahsjhbcs mk ah Amy 86<82, bm 6> bm bnonmjfrm, bm ah Gmkmrhantht, bm _haub bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh. 2. Crnmkthr acs rmourscs `ujhkcs y mockÿjnocs bm ah Ocksmaamrnh bm _hknbhb mk jhtmrnh bm shaub pôfanoh `honh ah ocksmouonÿk bm mscs cfdmtnvcs. =. Msthfamomr ahs fhsms fhsms qum pmrjnthk, fhdc ah occrbnkhonÿk bm ah MUH_\, MUH_\, ukh hotuhonÿk menohz menohz bm tcbcs acs ÿrghkcs hbjnknstrhtnvcs y mktnbhbms qum nktmrvnmkmk mk ah prmsthonÿk bm smrvnoncs bm shaub pôfanoh mk ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh.
?.? Ocjpmtmkonhs Ah prmsthonÿk bm acs smrvnoncs bm ah Ohrtmrh sm mdmromrè pcr ah MUH_\ y acs crghknsjcs pôfanocs hbsorntcs h îsth, pcr ahs mstruoturhs bm htmkonÿk shknthrnh bm ah Hgàkonh Uhamkonhkh bm _haut mk mdmouonÿk bm acs prcgrhjhs bm shaub pôfanoh nkoaunbcs mk ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh y pcr hqumaacs ÿrghkcs hbjnknstrhtnvcs c mktnbhbms qum phrtnonpmk, mk rîgnjmk bm occrbnkhonÿk c ocahfcrhonÿk, mk ah prmsthonÿk bm mstcs smrvnoncs.
mbntcrnha } omp
Ah bmsornponÿk bmthaahbh bm acs smrvnoncs qum nktmgrhk ah Ohrtmrh ocktmkbrè ah rmemrmkonh mxpaêonth bm acs ÿrghkcs c mktnbhbms qum phrtnonphk mk ah prmsthonÿk bma smrvnonc bm qum sm trhtm y sm nkoaunrè mk ah mbnonÿk cenonha bm îsth qum mahfcrm ah MUH_\. Ah MUH_\ occrbnkhrè ah hotnvnbhb bm tcbcs mstcs ÿrghkcs y mktnbhbms mk ma mdmrononc bm thams eukonckms. H tha memotc, mk ma jhroc bm ahs bnrmotrnoms, pahkms y prcgrhjhs bm hotuhonÿk mk shaub pôfanoh, pcbrè bnothr nkstruoonckms c onrouahrms bm rîgnjmk nktmrkc y susornfnr ockvmkncs bm ocahfcrhonÿk phrh ah jmdcr y jès menohz prmsthonÿk bm acs smrvnoncs qum nktmgrhk ah Ohrtmrh.
?.2 \rnkonpncs nkecrjhbcrms Ah ockecrjhonÿk bm acs smrvnoncs bm ah Ohrtmrh y su prmsthonÿk sm rmhanzhrè bm ockecrjnbhb ock acs prnkonpncs bm4 8. Nguhabhb y uknvmrshanbhb. 6. Htmkonÿk mspmonhanzhbh mspmonhanzhbh h acs grupcs grupcs sconhams jès vuakmrhfams. ?. Hoomsnfnanbhb. 2. Khturhamzh nktmgrha nktmgrha bm acs smrvnoncs smrvnoncs qum ah ocjpckmk. =. \hrtnonphonÿk. 5. Hotuhanzhonÿk bnkèjnoh. 7. Hkèansns prmvnc bm ah menonmkonh bm ahs prmsthonckms prmsthonckms h nkoaunr mk ah ohrtmrh y bm su njphotc mockÿmockÿjnoc y crghknzhtnvc. 0. _mgurnbhb, menohonh, menonmkonh, menonmkonh, memotnvnbhb y utnanbhb bm ahs tîoknohs, tîoknohs, tmokcacgêhs y prcombnjnmktcs prcombnjnmktcs utnanzhbcs. >. Mvhauhonÿk ocktnkuh.
?.= Fmkmenonhrncs Rcbhs ahs pmrsckhs, msphøcahs y mxtrhkdmrhs, qum rmsnbhk c sm mkoumktrmk mk ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh smrèk fmkmenonhrnhs bm ahs prmsthonckms qum nktmgrhk ah Ohrtmrh mk rîgnjmk bm nguhabhb memotnvh. Ma njpcrtm bm ahs prmsthonckms qum ockstntuymk ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm _haub \ôfanoh ehonanthbhs bnrmothjmktm h ahs pmrsckhs smrèk rmoahjhbhs h acs tmromrcs cfanghbcs ha phgc y h acs usuhrncs snk bmrmo`c h ah hsnstmkonh shknthrnh, bm ockecrjnbhb ock ac bnspumstc mk ah Amy 86<82, bm 6> bm bnonmjfrm, bm ah Gmkmrhantht, bm _haub bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh, y bmjès kcrjhtnvh vngmktm.
?.5 Ocktmknbc Acs smrvnoncs qum sm nktmgrhk mk ah Ohrtmrh hphrmomk rmemrnbcs mk ma hkmxc qum nkocrpcrh ma prmsmktm Bmormtc, hgruphbcs bm houmrbc ock ahs sngunmktms aêkmhs mstrhtîgnohs4 h) \rcjconÿk y mbuohonÿk mbuohonÿk phrh ah shaub. f) \rmvmkonÿk bm ah mkemrjmbhb. o) _mgurnbhb hanjmkthrnh.
mbntcrnha } omp
b) _haub ahfcrha. m) _hknbhb hjfnmktha. e) Nkecrjhonÿk mk shaub pôfanoh. g) Ungnahkonh mk shaub pôfanoh. `) Ahfcrhtcrncs bm shaub pôfanoh. n) Nkvmstnghonÿk. d) Ecrjhonÿk. HKMPC4 OHVRMVH BM _MVUNONC_ BM _HA]B \ÔFANOH BM AH OCJ]KNRHR UHAMKONHKH 8. \rcjconÿk y mbuohonÿk phrh ah shaub. 8.8. \rcjconÿk bm mstnacs bm vnbh shaubhfams. 8.6. \rcjconÿk y mbuohonÿk phrh ah shaub mk ah msoumah. 8.?. \rcjconÿk bm ah shaub fuocbmktha. 8.2. \rcjconÿk bm ah shaub mk ma mjfhrhzc, phrtc y pumrpmrnc. 8.=. \rcjconÿk bm ah shaub mk ah pcfahonÿk nkehktna y hbcamsomktm. 8.5. \rcjconÿk bm ah shaub mk pmrsckhs jhycrms. 8.7. \rcjconÿk bm ah shaub mk ocamotnvcs mspmoêenocs bm ah pcfahonÿk ock mspmonha vuakmrhfnanbhb. 6. \rmvmkonÿk bm ah mkemrjmbhb. 6.8. Ornfhbc kmckhtha bm bmemotcs ockgîkntcs. 6.6. \rmvmkonÿk bma oèkomr4 oîrvnx. 6.?. \rmvmkonÿk bma oèkomr4 ocacrrmotha. 6.2. \rmvmkonÿk bma oèkomr4 oèkomr `mrmbnthrnc. 6.=. \rmvmkonÿk bma oèkomr4 jhjh. 6.5. \rmvmkonÿk bm mkemrjmbhbms ohrbncvhsouahrms. 6.7. \rmvmkonÿk bm ah cstmcpcrcsns. 6.0. \rmvmkonÿk bma UN@/_NBH. 6.>. \rmvmkonÿk bm mkemrjmbhbms nkjukcprmvmknfams. 6.8<. \rmvmkonÿk y ocktrca bma scfrmpmsc y ah cfmsnbhb mk ah nkehkonh y hbcamsomkonh. 6.88. \rmvmkonÿk bm acs trhstcrkcs bm ah ockbuoth hanjmkthrnh. 6.86. \rmvmkonÿk bm ah vncamkonh bm gîkmrc y mk ah nkehkonh. ?. _mgurnbhb hanjmkthrnh. ?.8. Ungnahkonh snstmjètnoh bm msthfamonjnmktcs hanjmkthrncs. ?.6. Ungnahkonh shknthrnh bm hanjmktcs. ?.?. Ocktrca bm jhthbmrcs. ?.2. Hutcocktrca mk ah nkbustrnh hanjmkthrnh. ?.=. Hsmgurhjnmktc bm ah trhzhfnanbhb. ?.5. Ocktrca bma mtnqumthbc y pufanonbhb. ?.7. Crbmkhonÿk hanjmkthrnh. 2. _haub ahfcrha. 2.8. \rcjconÿk bm ah shaub mk acs aughrms bm trhfhdc4 mjprmshs gmkmrhbcrhs bm shaub. 2.6. \rcjconÿk bm ahs hotuhonckms bm ahs mktnbhbms ocahfcrhbcrhs bm ah _mgurnbhb _conha mk ah gmstnÿk bm ahs ocktnkgmkonhs bm hoonbmktm bm trhfhdc y mkemrjmbhb prcemsnckha.
mbntcrnha } omp
2.?. \rmvmkonÿk bm rnmsgc fncaÿgnoc. 2.2. _mgurnbhb quêjnoh. 2.=. _mrvnoncs bm prmvmkonÿk bm rnmsgcs ahfcrhams. 2.5. Ungnahkonh pcst-couphonckha bm ah shaub bm acs trhfhdhbcrms. 2.7. Ungnahkonh shknthrnh bm pahgunonbhs y fnconbhs bm usc prcemsnckha. 2.0. Ungnahkonh shknthrnh bm ahs mkemrjmbhbms ahfcrhams. =. _hknbhb hjfnmktha. =.8. \rmvmkonÿk bm ah amgnckmacsns. =.6. Ungnahkonh bma njphotc bm ahs tmjpmrhturhs mxtrmjhs mk ah shaub. =.?. Hguh bm ocksujc `ujhkc. =.2. Ungnahkonh y ocktrca bm msthfamonjnmktcs m nksthahonckms houètnohs, hotnvnbhbms bm msphronjnmktc y conc. =.=. Ungnahkonh shknthrnh bm ah pcfahonÿk gmkmrha, ock mspmonha rmemrmkonh h ah nkehkonh, h ah mxpcsnonÿk bm prcbuotcs quêjnocs pmangrcscs y fnconbhs. =.5. Ungnahkonh shknthrnh bm ctrcs rnmsgcs hjfnmkthams phrh ah shaub. 5. Nkecrjhonÿk mk shaub pôfanoh. 5.8. Hkèansns y mvhauhonÿk bm bmtmrjnkhktms bm shaub. 5.6. Mstubnc y hkèansns mpnbmjncaÿgnoc bma msthbc bm shaub. 5.?. Mstubnc y hkèansns mpnbmjncaÿgnoc bm ah jcrthanbhb. 7. Ungnahkonh bm ah shaub. 7.8. Ungnahkonh bm ah grnpm. 7.6. Ungnahkonh Mpnbmjncaÿgnoh bm ahs MBC 7.?. MBC bm Ungnahkonh Mspmonha. 7.2. Bmtmoonÿk, nkvmstnghonÿk, y ocktrca bm acs frctms y ahs sntuhonckms mpnbîjnohs. 7.=. Vmb bm Ungnahkonh Jnorcfncaÿgnoh. 7.5. Hkèansns y jckntcrnzhonÿk bm ah shaub nkehktna y pmrnkhtha. 0. Ahfcrhtcrncs bm shaub pôfanoh. 0.8. Ahfcrhtcrncs bm shaub pôfanoh. 0.6. Vmgnstrc bm ahfcrhtcrncs bm shaub pôfanoh. >. Nkvmstnghonÿk. >.8. Nkvmstnghonÿk mk shaub pôfanoh. >.6. Vmb Uhamkonhkh bm Fncfhkocs. >.?. Fncfhkoc bma Omktrc _upmrncr bm Nkvmstnghonÿk mk _haub \ôfanoh. >.2. Frctms nkemooncscs. >.=. \nrcsmoumkonhonÿk. >.5. Ocksuatcrêh bm smrvnoncs bm shaub. >.7. Èrmh bm _haub Gacfha. 8<. Ecrjhonÿk. 8<.8. \rmgrhbc. 8<.6. \cstgrhbc.
Ahs prmsthonckms qum nktmgrhk ah Ohrtmrh mstèk ockstntunbhs pcr uk ocktmknbc jêknjc c fèsnoc, rmprmsmkthbc pcr acs smrvnoncs ocjukms bm shaub pôfanoh y pcr acs prcgrhjhs bm shaub pôfanoh nktmgrhbcs mk acs smrvnoncs ocjukms bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh, nkoaunbcs mk ah ohrtmrh bm smrvnoncs ocjukms bma _nstmjh Khonckha bm _haub, y uk ocktmknbc hbnonckha, rmprmsmkthbc pcr acs smrvnoncs ocjpamjmkthrncs cermonbcs pcr ah Gmkmrhantht, ouyh prmsthonÿk prmsthonÿk sm aamvh h ohfc pcr ah MUH_\ y pcr hqumaacs ctrcs ÿrghkcs
mbntcrnha } omp
y mktnbhbms rmspckshfams bm ah prmsthonÿk bma smrvnonc bm qum sm trhtm, bm ockecrjnbhb ock ac bnspumstc mk ah mbnonÿk cenonha bm ah Ohrtmrh. Ma ocktmknbc êktmgrc bm ah Ohrtmrh sm nkoaunrè mk su mbnonÿk cenonha qum smrè mahfcrhbh pcr ah MUH_\. MUH_\. Msth mbnonÿk cenonha ce nonha ocktmkbrè ah bmsornponÿk bmthaahbh bma smrvnonc bm qum sm trhtm, hsê ocjc ah nbmktnenohonÿk prmonsh bm ahs mstruoturhs shknthrnhs c sconhams rmspckshfams bm su prmsthonÿk.
?.7 Hotuhanzhonÿk bm ah Ohrtmrh Ah hotuhanzhonÿk bma ocktmknbc fèsnoc c jêknjc bm ah ohrtmrh bm smrvnoncs ocjukms bm shaub pôfanoh c bm ah ohrtmrh bm smrvnoncs ocjukms bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh bma _nstmjh Khonckha bm _haub mk ac qum pumbh hemothr h smrvnoncs nkoaunbcs mk ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm _haub \ôfanoh bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh, njpanohrè, h su vmz, ah jcbnenohonÿk bm îsth. Mk ma supumstc bm smrvnoncs ocjpamjmkthrncs cermonbcs pcr ah Gmkmrhantht, ma Ocksmdc bm Gcfnmrkc bm ah MUH_\, scfrm ukh prcpumsth bm su bnrmotcr Mdmoutnvc c bnrmotcrh Mdmoutnvh mahfcrhbh bm ocjôk houmrbc ock acs ÿrghkcs y mktnbhbms rmspckshfams bm ah prmsthonÿk bma smrvnonc bm qum sm trhtm, pcbrè jcbnenohr, nkocrpcrhr kumvcs smrvnoncs c, mk su ohsc, suprnjnr hagukc bm acs smrvnoncs mxnstmktms nkoaunbcs mk ah Ohrtmrh ukh vmz dustnenohbh su kmomsnbhb u cpcrtuknbhb.
?.0 Mvhauhonÿk bm ah Ohrtmrh Ah MUH_\ mvhauhrè ah ohanbhb bm ah prmsthonÿk bm acs smrvnoncs nkoaunbcs mk ah Ohrtmrh, ock fhsm mk uk snstmjh bm nkbnohbcrms eukbhbc mk phrèjmtrcs cfdmtnvcs. Msth mvhauhonÿk sm rmhanzhrè bm ecrjh ocktnkuh y bmsomktrhanzhbh, smgôk acs prcgrhjhs qum nktmgrhk ah Ohrtmrh y acs bmphrthjmktcs mk qum sm crghknzhk acs smrvnoncs bm shaub pôfanoh bm ah Gmkmrhantht.
?.> _mrvnoncs bm nkecrjhonÿk bm ah Ohrtmrh Ahs pmrsckhs qum rmonfhk ahs prmsthonckms qum sm nkoauymk mk ah Ohrtmrh tmkbrèk bmrmo`c h rmonfnr ukh nkecrjhonÿk suenonmktm y hbmouhbh scfrm ahs mstruoturhs shknthrnhs c sconhams qum bmfhk aamvhrahs h ohfc, hsê ocjc su ecrjh bm hoomsc. \hrh maac, ah MUH_\ hbcpthrè ahs jmbnbhs kmomshrnhs phrh ah pumsth h bnspcsnonÿk bma pôfanoc bma ocktmknbc êktmgrc bm ah Ohrtmrh hprcfhbh pcr mstm bmormtc. Acs Omktrcs nktmgrhbcs mk ah MUH_\ bckbm sm prmstmk smrvnoncs bm htmkonÿk ha pôfanoc bmfmrèk tmkmr bnspcknfam uk mdmjpahr hotuhanzhbc bm ah mbnonÿk cenonha bm ah Ohrtmrh phrh tcbc onubhbhkc qum bmsmm ocksuathrah. Ah MUH_\ nbmktnenohrè, bm ockecrjnbhb ock ac bnspumstc mk ah Amy ?>/6<8=, bm 8 bm cotufrm, bma \rcombnjnmktc Hbjnknstrhtnvc Ocjôk bm ahs Hbjnknstrhonckms \ôfanohs, ah smbm mamotrÿknoh h trhvîs bm ah ouha acs onubhbhkcs hoombmrèk ha ocktmknbc ocjpamtc y hotuhanzhbc bm ah Ohrtmrh.
mbntcrnha } omp
2. JÎRCBC_ BM MUHA] MUHA]HONßK HONßK 2.8 Bmenknonÿk Ah mvhauhonÿk sm pumbm bmenknr ocjc uk prcomsc qum ocksnstm mk bmtmrjnkhr y mk hpanohr orntmrncs y kcrjhs ock ma enk bm mjntnr uk dunonc scfrm acs bnemrmktms ocjpckmktms bma prcgrhjh4 ockomponÿk, pahknenohonÿk, prcgrhjhonÿk y mdmouonÿk. Mvhauhonÿk kc ms uk ocktrca c vngnahkonh bm uk prcgrhjh bm shaub9 ms ah mjnsnÿk bm dunoncs bm vhacr scfrm acs rmsuathbcs qum sm vhk cftmknmkbc. Acs prcemsnckhams bm acs omktrcs bmfmk nbmktnenohr acs prcfamjhs mk ah hsnstmkonh ha phonmktm, nbmktnenohrah ohush bma prcfamjh ‐m nbmhr jmbnbhs phrh ocrrmgnracs. Mstc ms ac qum sm ockcom ock ma kcjfrm bm prcgrhjhs nktmrkcs bm ohanbhb, prcgrhjhs bm ghrhktêh bm ohanbhb c prcgrhjhs bm jmdcrh ocktnkuh bî ah ohanbhb. Ms uk u k prcomsc ocktnkuc y rmtrchanjmkthbc, qum aamvhk h ohfc, mk ah jhycrêh bm acs ohscs, acs prcpncs prcemsnckhams qum prmsthk ah hsnstmkonh (mvhauhbcrms nktmrkcs), hukqum thjfnîk pumbm `hfmr mvhauhbcrms mxtmrkcs bma prcgrhjh hsnstmkonha (pcr mdmjpac, acs prcgrhjhs bm hormbnthonÿk bm omktrcs).
2.6 Ocjpckmktms bm ah mvhauhonÿk bm ah ohanbhb H. Bnjmksnÿk Mstubnhbh Hspmotc ockormtc bm ah ohanbhb hsnstmkonha qum sm vh h mstubnhr4 - Ohanbhb onmktêenoc-tîoknoh. (Ocjpmtmkonh prcemsnckha) - Hoomsnfnanbhb. - _htnsehoonÿk c hompthfnanbhb. - Memotnvnbhb. - Menonmkonh.
F. ]knbhbms bm mstubnc Mk mstm ocjpckmktm sm bnemrmkonhk trms vhrnhfams4 - \honmktms qum mktrhk mk ah mvhauhonÿk. - \rcemsnckhams qum smrèk mvhauhbcs. - \mrêcbc bm tnmjpc qum sm mvhaôh.
mbntcrnha } omp
O. Nbmktnenohonÿk y jumstrmc bm acs ohscs B. Vmahonÿk tmjpcrha bm ah mvhauhonÿk ock ah hoonÿk mvhauhbh - Mvhauhonÿk rmtrcspmotnvh. - Mvhauhonÿk ockourrmktm. - Mvhauhonÿk prcspmotnvh (hprcfhonÿk prmvnh).
M. Rnpcs Rn pcs bm bhtcs - Mstruoturh. - \rcomsc hsnstmkonha. - Vmsuathbcs.
E. Eumktms bm bhtcs - \hrh ah nbmktnenohonÿk bm acs ohscs ohscs (eno`hs bm mbhb, smxc y grupcs bm rnmsgc, mto.). mto.). - \hrh ah rmvnsnÿk rmvnsnÿk (`nstcrnhs oaêknohs, nkecrjms bm rmjnsnÿk, mto.).
G. Rnpc bm rmvnsnÿk - Nktmrkh. - Mxtmrkh.
@. Rnpcs bm orntmrncs - Orntmrncs njpaêontcs. - Orntmrncs mxpaêontcs (mjpêrnocs c bmsornptnvcs y kcrjhtnvcs).
N. Jmbnbhs ocrrmotcrh ocrrmotcrhss prmvnsths - Bnsonpankhrnhs. - Mbuohonÿk. - Ohjfncs mstruoturhams. Bm tcbcs mstcs ocjpckmktms pcbmjcs msthfamomr ahs snmtm ehsms mk qum bmfm bnvnbnrsm ma hkèansns bm ah ohanbhb bm ah htmkonÿk4 - Nbmktnenohonÿk bm prcfamjhs. - Bmtmrjnkhonÿk bm mstèkbhrms, kcrjhs y orntmrncs - Bnsmøc bma mstubnc bm mvhauhonÿk y rmocgnbh bm bhtcs. - Mvhauhonÿk bm ah ohanbhb m nktmrprmthonÿk bm bhtcs.
mbntcrnha } omp
- \rcpumsth bm jmbnbhs ocrrmotcr ocrrmotcrhs. hs. - Mdmouonÿk bm ahs jmbnbhs prcpumsths. - Vmmvhauhonÿk.
2.? Hubntcrêhs H. Bmenkno Bmenknonÿk nÿk Ah hubntcrêh ms ma jîtcbc bm jhycr usc mk bnemrmktms sntuhonckms. Ocksnstm mk ah bmenknonÿk bm orntmrncs prmbmtmrjnkhbcs, mxpaêontcs, kcrjhtnvcs c mjpêrnocs, bm acs qum pcstmrncrjmktm sm jnbm su oujpanjnmktc c kc mk ah bcoujmkthonÿk qum ocksth mk ah `nstcrnh oaêknoh.
F. Rnpcs - Ah hubntcrêh jîbnoh mstubnh acs phscs smgunbcs mk ma prcomsc bnhgkÿstnoc y tmrhpîutnoc bm ah mkemrjmbhb qum bmtmrjnkhk ah pctmkonha ohanbhb bma prcbuotc cftmknbc. (@hy ukh grhk bnenouathb phrh msthfamomr kcrjhs scfrm prcomscs, bnhgkÿstnoc y tmrhpîutnohs qum snrvhk phrh `homr ocjphrhonckms). - Ah hubntcrêh bm mkemrjmrêh mkemrjmrêh sm aamvh h ohfc ock ock ah ormhonÿk ormhonÿk bm snstmjhs snstmjhs bm mvhauhonÿk gacfha trhs trhs ah njpahkthonÿk bma \rcomsc bm Htmkonÿk bm Mkemrjmrêh. Ma \HM supckm uk crbmkhjnmktc aÿgnoc bm ahs hotnvnbhbms h rmhanzhr pcr ma pmrsckha bm Mkemrjmrêh phrh prcpcronckhr htmkonÿk ha nkbnvnbuc, ehjnanh y ocjuknbhb.
O. Rnpcs bm hkèansns Acs orntmrncs sm bmfmk mahfcrhr, smgôk ah Bcotcrh \HAJMV, tmknmkbc mk oumkth ukh smrnm bm rmocjmkbhonckms, thams ocjc ockstrunr orntmrncs snjpams, anjnthr su kôjmrc, nkoaunr sÿac mamjmktcs msmkonhams, utnanzhr hspmotcs bm memotnvnbhb hsnstmkonha prcfhbh, y hbhpthr acs orntmrncs h acs rmourscs bm acs prcemsnckhams, acs phonmktms c ma snstmjh shknthrnc. @hy bcs tnpcs bm hkèansns4 ma rmtrcspmotnvc y ma ockourrmktm. ockourrmktm.
h. Ma hkèansns rmtrcspmotnvc Ms uk mxhjmk bm ahs hoonckms bm mkemrjmrêh, ukh vmz qum ma phonmktm `h snbc bhbc bm hath, ock vnsths h jmdcrhrah prèotnoh. Rmrjnkhbh ah `cspnthanzhonÿk, ah mvhauhonÿk bm ah ohanbhb bma prcomsc bm ounbhbcs sm fhsh mk ma hkèansns bm ah bcoujmkthonÿk bm mkemrjmrêh scfrm ma phonmktm ukh vmz bhbc bm hath9 tnmkm ocjc cfdmtnvc4 vmrnenohr ma grhbc bm oujpanjnmktc bm acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh prmvnhjmktm msthfamonbcs.
Umkthdhs - \mrjntm utnanzhr juo`h nkecrjhonÿk - Ma hkèansns pumbm `homrsm `homrsm snk snk ah prmsmkonh prmsmkonh bma bma phonmktm c mqunpc bm mkemrjmrêh. mkemrjmrêh. - _m mockcjnzh tnmjpc
mbntcrnha } omp
- Ms uk hkèansns nkbnrmotc, snk njpanohonÿk pmrsckha. - \umbm `homrsm pcr pmrsckha kc prcemsnckha.
Nkockvmknmktms - Acs phonmktms hkhanzhbcs kc sm fmkmenonhk bm ahs jmbnbhs ocrrmotnvhs. ocrrmotnvhs. - Ahs hkcthonckms bm mkemrjmrêh sck h vmoms nkocjpamths. - Kc `hy njpanohonÿk bnrmoth mk ma prcomsc.
f. Ah rmvnsnÿk c hkèansns ockourrmktm Ms uk mxhjmk bm ah prcgrmsnÿk bma phonmktm `honh ma msthbc bm shaub bmsmhbc y bm ahs hotnvnbhbms qum sm couphk bm su ounbhbc jnmktrhs sm aamvh h ohfc ah htmkonÿk. Ms ma jîtcbc bm mvhauhonÿk bm ah ohanbhb bma b ma prcomsc bm ounbhbcs memotuhbc mk ma oursc bm ah `cspnthanzhonÿk. _m eukbhjmkth mk ah cfsmrvhonÿk bnrmoth bm acs ounbhbcs. - Mktrmvnsth ock phonmktm, ehjnanh y pmrsckha bm mkemrjmrêh. - Hkèansns bm ah bcoujmkthonÿk bma phonmktm.
Umkthdhs - Ah mvhauhonÿk ocktnkuh pmrjntm pmrjntm bmtmothr bmtmothr mrrcrms mrrcrms y hpanohr ahs jmbnbhs ocrrmotnvhs. - \mrjntm ukh nktmrocjuknohonÿk bnrmoth - Mk ma pmrsckha mvhauhbc sm prcbuom ukh ecrjhonÿk ocktnkuhbh. Nkockvmknmktms - Vmqunmrm tnmjpc y bmbnohonÿk bm acs prcemsnckhams. - Cfdmtnvnbhb rmahtnvh Hsê pums, ah hubntcrêh bm mkemrjmrêh ms uk jîtcbc bm mvhauhonÿk bm ah ohanbhb bm ah hsnstmkonh prmsthbh qum mstubnh bm ecrjh rmtrcspmotnvh c ockourrmktm, ah ohanbhb onmktêenoc-tîoknoh bm acs prcemsnckhams (ocjpmtmkonh prcemsnckha), utnanzhkbc orntmrncs mxpaêontcs scfrm bhtcs bm prcomsc y tcjhkbc ocjc eumktm bm bhtcs ah `nstcrnh oaêknoh bm mkemrjmrêh. Ctrhs tîoknohs qum sm vhk njpcknmkbc ock eumrzh sck acs oumstnckhrncs phrh mvhauhr ah shtnsehoonÿk bma phonmktm y ahs nkvmstnghonckms scfrm ah shtnsehoonÿk bma pmrsckha.
Msqumjh ?
GM_RNßK BM AC_ _MVUNONC_ MKEMVJMVC_. NJ\CVRHKONH, NJ\CVR HKONH, \VCFAMJH_, RMKBMKONH_ RMKBMKON H_ HOR]HAM_ Ma pahk bm gmstnÿk bm mkemrjmrêh utnanzh ocjc mstrhtmgnh gacfha ah pahknenohonÿk bm ah ohanbhb bm acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh, mstruoturh sus prmsthonckms mk ecrjh bm prcymotcs.
Cfdmtnvcs bma bmphrthjmktc bm mkemrjmrêh Ock rmahonÿk h ah bnstrnfuonÿk bm ohrghs bm trhfhdc, pmrjntnmkbc ma bmshrrcaac bm uk trhfhdc menohz y bm ohanbhb, ma bmphrthjmktc bm mkemrjmrêh pahktmh acs sngunmktms cfdmtnvcs4 - Ah pahknenohonÿk pahknenohonÿk bm acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh `h bm bm smr `cjcgîkmh mk tcbcs acs prcomscs jès `hfntuhams. - Ocksmouonÿk bm ah gmstnÿk bm ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh nkecrjhtnzhbh bm ecrjh msthkbhrnzhbh. - Cftmkonÿk bm mvhauhonckms pmrnÿbnohs bm ohrghs bm trhfhdc mk uknbhbms bm `cspnthanzhonÿk, pcr phonmktms. - Ohaouahr ma ocstm bm ghstcs pcr phonmktms smgôk smgôk rmourscs rmourscs jhtmrnhams jhtmrnhams y `ujhkcs prmonshbcs.
Oèaouac bm ah pahktnaah bm mkemrjmrêh \hrh pcbmr rmhanzhr hbmouhbhjmktm ma oèaouac bma pmrsckha bm mkemrjmrêh prmonsc rmsuath njprmsonkbnfam ockcomr quî tnpc bm phonmktms, y qum tnpc bm kmomsnbhbms vhk h jhknemsthr, phrh ockcomr acs grhbcs bm bmpmkbmkonh bm mstcs phonmktms, y pcbmr hsê hktnonphr qum ohktnbhb bm prcemsnckhams sm pumbmk rmqumrnr mk eukonÿk bm acs orntmrncs bm bmpmkbmkonh mstubnhbcs
Gmstnÿk bm mkemrjmrêh mk htmkonÿk prnjhrnh Acs omktrcs bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh sm gmstnckhk jmbnhktm ukh mstruoturh jhtrnhroha, bm ecrjh qum sm ocjpckmk bm4 - Occrbnkhbcr jîbnoc. - Occrbnkhbcr bm mkemrjmrêh.
\rcfamjhs bmrnvhbcs bm ah gmstnÿk \rcfamjhs `cspnthahrncs Acs prcfamjhs bmrnvhbcs mk ah gmstnÿk bmktrc bma èjfntc `cspnthahrnc bmpmkbmk bm bnemrmktms jctnvcs qum hemothk thktc h acs rmourscs `ujhkcs, ocjc h acs mockÿjnocs y mk cohsnckms h acs rmourscs tîoknocs \rcfamjhs mk acs mqunpcs bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh \rcfamjhs bm crngmk nktrêksmoc \rcfamjhs bm crngmk mxtrêksmoc
\VCB]ORC MKEMVJMVC \rcbuotc shknthrnc4 Ockomptc y snstmjhs bm jmbnonÿk Ockomptc bm prcbuotc shknthrnc _m bmenkm ocjc prcbuotc shknthrnc ma rmsuathbc bm uk trhfhdc, yh smh fnmk c smrvnonc, prmsthbc h bnspcsnonÿk bm acs usuhrncs. _nstmjhs bm jmbnonÿk bma prcbuotc shknthrnc Ah bnenouath rhbnoh mk oÿjc jmbnr mscs prcbuotcs shknthrncs, pcr maac sm `hk bmenknbc bnstnkths ecrjhs bm oèaouacs, h ocktnkuhonÿk, sm bmthaahk ahs jès `hfntuhams4 - Oèaouac bm prcbuotc prcbuotc shknthrnc pcr pcr jmbnc jmbnc bm grupcs bnhgkÿstnocs rmahonckhbcs (GVB) - Oèaouac bma prcbuotc shknthrnc shknthrnc pcr jmbnc bm ockduktc jêknjc bm bhtcs fèsnocs (OJFB) - Oèaouac bm prcbuotc prcbuotc shknthrnc pcr pcr jmbnc jmbnc bm ‑phtnmkt jhkhgmjmkt jhkhgmjmkt ohtmgcrnms‚ (\JO) - Oèaouac bm prcbuotc shknthrnc pcr jmbnc bm Houtm \`sncacgy hkb orckno `mhat` mvhtuhtnck (H\HO@M)
\rcbuotc mkemrjmrc4 Ockomptc y snstmjhs bm jmbnonÿk Ockomptc bm prcbuotc mkemrjmrc Ma prcbuotc mkemrjmrc sm bmenkm ocjc4 knvma bm shaub haohkzhbc pcr uk usuhrnc, rmsuathbc bm ah nktmrvmkonÿk bm acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh. Nkoauymkbc mk acs ounbhbcs bm mkemrjmrêh ouhaqunmr ecrjh bm hoonÿk ounbhbcrh rmhanzhbh pcr ahs mkemrjmrhs, bmsbm ah mdmouonÿk bm acs pahkms bm ounbhbcs, `hsth ah jhtmrnhanzhonÿk bm acs jnsjcs _nstmjhs bm jmbnonÿk bma prcbuotc mkemrjmrc \hrh ohthacghr mstcs prcbuotcs mkemrjmrcs sm vnmkm utnanzhkbc ma prcymotc _NGKC NN, h pmshr bm qum kc mxnstm ocksmksc enkha
OHVRMVH BM _MVUNONC Cfdmtc Ma cfdmtc bma Bmormtc >0/6<<>, bm 87 bm duanc, bma Ocksmaa ms ah rmguahonÿk bm ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm _haub \ôfanoh bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh, mk hbmahktm ah Ohrtmrh, mk bmshrrcaac bm ahs prmvnsnckms ocktmknbhs mk ah Amy 86<82, bm 6> bm bnonmjfrm, bm ah Gmkmrhantht, bm _haub bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh
Cfdmtnvcs Ocjpmtmkonhs Ah prmsthonÿk bm acs smrvnoncs bm ah Ohrtmrh sm mdmromrè pcr ah MUH_\ y acs crghknsjcs pôfanocs hbsorntcs h îsth, pcr ahs mstruoturhs bm htmkonÿk shknthrnh bm ah Hgàkonh Uhamkonhkh bm _haut mk mdmouonÿk bm acs prcgrhjhs bm shaub pôfanoh nkoaunbcs mk ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh y pcr hqumaacs ÿrghkcs hbjnknstrhtnvcs c mktnbhbms qum phrtnonpmk, mk rîgnjmk bm occrbnkhonÿk c ocahfcrhonÿk, mk ah prmsthonÿk bm mstcs smrvnoncs
\rnkonpncs nkecrjhbcrms Fmkmenonhrncs Rcbhs ahs pmrsckhs, msphøcahs y mxtrhkdmrhs, qum rmsnbhk c sm mkoumktrmk mk ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh smrèk fmkmenonhrnhs bm ahs prmsthonckms qum nktmgrhk ah Ohrtmrh mk rîgnjmk bm nguhabhb memotnvh
Ocktmknbc Hotuhanzhonÿk Hotuh anzhonÿk bm ah Ohrtmrh Ah hotuhanzhonÿk bma ocktmknbc fèsnoc c jêknjc bm ah ohrtmrh bm smrvnoncs ocjukms bm shaub pôfanoh c bm ah ohrtmrh bm smrvnoncs ocjukms bm htmkonÿk prnjhrnh bma _nstmjh Khonckha bm _haub mk ac qum pumbh hemothr h smrvnoncs nkoaunbcs mk ah Ohrtmrh bm _mrvnoncs bm _haub \ôfanoh bm ah Ocjukntht Uhamkonhkh, njpanohrè, h su vmz, ah jcbnenohonÿk bm îsth
Mvhauhonÿk bm ah Ohrtmrh Ah MUH_\ mvhauhrè ah ohanbhb bm ah prmsthonÿk bm acs smrvnoncs nkoaunbcs mk ah Ohrtmrh, ock fhsm mk uk snstmjh bm nkbnohbcrms eukbhbc mk phrèjmtrcs cfdmtnvcs
_mrvnoncs bm nkecrjhonÿk bm ah Ohrtmrh Ahs pmrsckhs qum rmonfhk ahs prmsthonckms qum sm nkoauymk mk ah Ohrtmrh tmkbrèk bmrmo`c h rmonfnr ukh nkecrjhonÿk suenonmktm y hbmouhbh scfrm ahs mstruoturhs shknthrnhs c sconhams qum bmfhk aamvhrahs h ohfc, hsê ocjc su ecrjh bm hoomsc. \hrh maac, ah MUH_\ hbcpthrè ahs jmbnbhs kmomshrnhs phrh ah pumsth h bnspcsnonÿk bma pôfanoc bma ocktmknbc êktmgrc bm ah Ohrtmrh hprcfhbh pcr mstm bmormtc
JÎRCBC__ BM MUHA]HONßK JÎRCBC MUHA]HONßK Bmenknonÿk Ah mvhauhonÿk sm pumbm bmenknr ocjc uk prcomsc qum ocksnstm mk bmtmrjnkhr y mk hpanohr orntmrncs y kcrjhs ock ma enk bm mjntnr uk dunonc scfrm acs bnemrmktms ocjpckmktms bma prcgrhjh4 ockomponÿk, pahknenohonÿk, prcgrhjhonÿk y mdmouonÿk
Ocjpckmktms bm ah mvhauhonÿk bm ah ohanbhb Bnjmksnÿk Mstubnhbh ]knbhbms bm mstubnc Nbmktnenohonÿk y jumstrmc bm acs ohscs Vmahonÿk tmjpcrha bm ah mvhauhonÿk ock ah hoonÿk mvhauhbh Rnpcs bm bhtcs Eumktms bm bhtcs Rnpc bm rmvnsnÿk Rnpcs bm orntmrncs Jmbnbhs ocrrmotcrhs prmvnsths
Hubntcrêhs Bmenknonÿk Ah hubntcrêh ms ma jîtcbc bm jhycr usc mk bnemrmktms sntuhonckms. Ocksnstm mk ah bmenknonÿk bm orntmrncs prmbmtmrjnkhbcs, mxpaêontcs, kcrjhtnvcs c mjpêrnocs, bm acs qum pcstmrncrjmktm sm jnbm su oujpanjnmktc c kc mk ah bcoujmkthonÿk qum ocksth mk ah `nstcrnh oaêknoh Rnpcs Rnpcs bm hkèansns Ma hkèansns rmtrcspmotnvc Umkthdhs Nkockvmknmktms Ah rmvnsnÿk c hkèansns ockourrmktm Umkthdhs Nkockvmknmktms