Ynbk ;?
_nhnrnemjks Fndjsfktjvks
^ejikins in kplyl ne ktnemjýe prjbkrjk. ]kfui Bnetkf. Mleiumtks kijmtjvks. ]kfui snxukf y rnprliumtjvk. ]kfui Bnetkf. Sktlfldâks bës prnvkfnetns1 Nsqujzlhrnejk, Inprnsjýe, y Yrkstlrels in kesjniki. ]kfui snxukf y rnprliumtjvk. Bêtlils ketjmlemnptjvls Inmrntl 49/?334, in ;7 in bkyl, inf Mlesnff, plr nf qun sn kprunok nf _ndfkbnetl slorn nstrumturk, lrdkejzkmjýe y huemjlekbjnetl in fk ktnemjýe skejtkrjk ne fk Mlbuejtkt Xkfnemjkek, muyk ñftjbk blijhjmkmjýe sn gk prliumjil plr Inmrntl =3/?3;?, in = in hnornrl, inf Mlesnff plr nf qun sn blijhjmk fk nstrumturk, huemjlens y rêdjbne rntrjoutjvl inf pnrslekf ijrnmtjvl in jestjtumjlens skejtkrjks in fk Mlesnffnrjk in ]kejiki Inmrntl 49/?3;>, in ;> in bkyl, inf Mlesnff, plr nf qun sn rndufk fk fjorn nfnmmjýe ne nf ëbojtl in fk ktnemjýe prjbkrjk y nspnmjkfjzkik inf ]jstnbk Xkfnemjkel in ]kfui, ksâ mlbl fk mrnkmjýe in su rndjstrl kutleýbjml
Ojofjldrkhâk
Olons Dkrmâk, A. y ltrls. Nehnrbnrâk psjqujëtrjmk. Ksjstnemjk psjqujëtrjmk. Okrmnflek. Ni. Ilybk, ;:::. Mlesnffnrâk in ]kejtkt1 Mktëfldl in _nmursls ne ]kfui Bnetkf. Xkfnemjk1 Dnenrkfjtkt Xkfnemjkek. ?338. Mlesnffnrâk in ]kejtkt1 Sfke Ijrnmtlr in ]kfui Bnetkf y Ksjstnemjk Ssjqujëtrjmk in fk Mlbuejiki Xkfnemjkek. Xkfnemjk1 Dnenrkfjtkt Xkfnemjkek. ?33;. Mll`, A ]un y Hletkjen, @krne F. Nehnrbnrâk psjqujëtrjmk. Bkirji, Ni. Jetnrkbnrjmkek, ;::3. Infndkmjýe inf Dlojnrel pkrk nf Sfke Ekmjlekf slorn Irldks. Sfke Ekmjlekf slorn Irldks. Bnblrjk ;::7. Bkirji. Bjejstnrjl inf Jetnrjlr, ;:::. Inxnus ]. Fk mletrkmnpmjýe, gly. Ni. ]kvkt. Okrmnflek ;:78. Ijrnmmjýe Dnenrkf in ]kfui Sñofjmk. Srldrkbk in ]kfui in fk Buanr bkylr in 93 kûls. www.sp.ske.dvk.ns/IdspTno/buanrin93k Dnenrkfjtkt Xkfnemjkek. J Sfke inf ]jik in fk Mlbuejiki Xkfnemjkek ;::4. Mlesnffnrjk in ]kejiki. Ijrnmmjýe Dnenrkf in ]kfui Sñofjmk. ;::4. Gkonr, Auijtg y ltrls. Ssjqujktrâk tnxtl oësjml. Okrmnflek. Ni. ]kfvkt, ;:7=. Gybke, ].N. Bkeukf in urdnemjks psqujëtrjmks. Okrmnflek. Ni. ]kfvkt, ;:74. @nrvksilun K. Munstjlens in buanrns. Kfjkezk nijtlrjkf. Bkirji ;::;. Bkeunf Insvjkt Buûlz. Nf jetnrekbjnetl psjqujëtrjml ne Nspkûk. Jestjtutl psjqujëtrjml Fndkeês (Bkirji).
Bkrtje Qurrl, K., Bkeukf in Ktnemjýe Srjbkrjk. Nijmjlens Ilybk. Okrmnflek. Sjnirltk Djf, D., Bnijmjek Srnvnetjvk y ]kfui Sñofjmk. ]kfvkt Nijtlrns. Okrmnflek, ;:77. Xjffkr Bkfpjmk, A.F. y ltrls. Mursl ^rdnemjks Ssjqujëtrjmks. Kfjmketn. Inpkrtkbnetl in hlrbkmjýe Ijputkmjýe in Kfjmketn, ?33>.
Tnodrkhâk
www.kejlrtn-ejm.ent
Loantjvls
Kekfjzkr fks huemjlens in fks ijstjetks uejikins in kplyl ne ktnemjýe prjbkrjk Kprneinr elmjlens oësjmks slorn ]kfui Bnetkf y mlelmnr kfdueks in fks pktlfldâks bës prnvkfnetns _nkfjzkr uek kprlxjbkmjýe kf bueil in fks mleiumtks kijmtjvks Lotnenr jehlrbkmjýe slorn skfui snxukf y rnprliumtjvk Mlelmnr fls prjemjpkfns bêtlils ketjmlemnptjvls Kekfjzkr fk prnvnemjýe in nehnrbnikins in trksbjsjýe snxukf
nijtlrjkf } mnp
;. ^EJIKIN] IN KSLZL NE KYNEMJÝE S_JBK_ S_JBK_JK JK ;.; Dnenrkfjikins Fks ^ejikins in Kplyl ne Ktnemjýe Srjbkrjk, vjnene inhjejiks ne nf Inmrntl 49/?334, in ;7 in bkyl, _ndfkbnetl slorn nstrumturk, nstrumturk, lrdkejzkmjýe y huemjlekbjnetl in fk Ktnemjýe skejtkrjk in fk Mlbuejtkt Xkfnemjkek ne su krtâmufl ;=, qun qu n tnxtukfbnetn ijmn1 Fks ^ejikins in kplyl kmtñke mlbl nqujpls jetnrijsmjpfjekrjls y inone mllrijekrsn kinmukikbnetn mle fls rnmursls slmjkfns in su ëbojtl, prnstëeilfns ksnslrkbjnetl y kplyl mukeil prlmnik. ]u ëbojtl tnrrjtlrjkf in kmtukmjýe supnrk fk zlek oësjmk in skfui y kmtñke in hlrbk jetndrkik y mllrijekik mle fls rnmursls nspnmjkfjzkils nspnmjkfjzkils inf inpkrtkbnetl ne nf ëbojtl mlrrnspleijnetn k mkik nspnmjkfjiki. Yjnene fk mlesjinrkmjýe in uejikins in kplyl fks sjdujnetns1 - Fks uejikins oësjmks in rngkojfjtkmjýe - Fks uejikins in liletlfldâk - Fks uejikins in skfui bnetkf
Fk Kdnemjk Xkfnemjk Xkfnemjkek ek in ]kfut plirë mrnkr ltrks - Fks uejikins in mleiumtks kijmtjvks uejikins in kplyl ne - Fks uejikins in skfui snxukf y rnprliumtjvk vjrtui in fks enmnsjikins - Fks uejikins in prnvnemjýe in mëemnr in bkbk. in skfui in fk plofkmjýe. Fks ^ejikins oësjmks in rngkojfjtkmjýe sle fks rnspleskofns in fk prnstkmjýe in rngkojfjtkmjýe y tjnene mlbl loantjvl nf kmnrmkbjnetl in fk rngkojfjtkmjýe oësjmk k fk plofkmjýe khnmtk in prlmnsls qun fjbjtke l jetnrrubpne fks kmtjvjikins in su vjik ijkrjk.
Fks ^ejikins in liletlfldâk inskrrlffke nf prldrkbk in skfui oumlinetkf muyl loantjvl ns fk prlblmjýe, prnvnemjýe y bnalrk in fk skfui oumlinetkf. Fks ^ejikins in ]kfui Bnetkf tjnene mlbl prnstkmjlens oësjmks fk ktnemjýe jetndrkf kf pkmjnetn ne bktnrjk in skfui bnetkf, tketl ne rêdjbne in mlesuftk mlbl ne rêdjbne in ktnemjýe ilbjmjfjkrjk ksâ mlbl fk rngkojfjtkmjýe n jetndrkmjýe in fls pkmjnetns ne fk Mlbuejtkt Xkfnemjkek. Fks ^ejikins in Mleiumtks Kijmtjvks tjnene mlbl loantjvl oësjml fk ksjstnemjk skejtkrjk k fks pnrsleks mle irldlinpneinemjks y ltrks kijmmjlens ne rêdjbne kboufktlrjl, sje pnraujmjl in fk nxjstnemjk in uejikins in jedrnsl l mkbks pkrk insjetlxjmkmjýe ne fls glspjtkfns dnenrkfns y nspnmjkfjzkils in fk Mlbuejtkt Xkfnemjkek. Mlbpfnbnetkrjkbnetn mlfkolrkrëe ne kqunffls prldrkbks prnvnetjvls ijrjdjils k ijsbjeujr fk jemjinemjk inf mlesubl in irldks y nf inskrrlffl in ltrks kijmmjlens qun sn inskrrlffne ne su ëbojtl dnldrëhjml. Fks uejikins in ]kfui ]nxukf y _nprliumtjvk tjnene mlbl loantjvl dkrketjzkr nf inskrrlffl n jbpfketkmjýe in prldrkbks, kmtjvjikins y kmmjlens qun hkmjfjtne fk prnvnemjýe, prlblmjýe, jehlrbkmjýe y ktnemjýe ne nstk bktnrjk. Fks prnstkmjlens nspnmâhjmks in nstks uejikins sle fk jehlrbkmjýe, ksnslrkbjnetl, niumkmjýe y prnstkmjýe in bêtlils ketjmlemnptjvls0 fk ktnemjýe k fk mlesuftk prnmlemnpmjlekf0 nf ksnslrkbjnetl y ktnemjýe k fk nstnrjfjiki n jehnrtjfjiki0 fk prnvnemjýe y trktkbjnetl in nehnrbnikins in trkesbjsjýe snxukf0 fk prnvnemjýe in mëemnr in mnrvjx0 fk jehlrbkmjýe y ksnslrkbjnetl ne fk jetnrrupmjýe vlfuetkrjk inf nbokrkzl0 nf ksnslrkbjnetl y tnrkpjk in prlofnbks rnfkmjlekils mle fk snxukfjiki y fks jetnrvnemjlens mlbuejtkrjks ijrjdjiks k inskrrlffkr prldrkbks niumktjvls ne skfui snxukf y rnprliumtjvk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Fks ^ejikins in Srnvnemjýe in Mëemnr in Bkbk nstëe rndufkiks plr nf prldrkbk in prnvnemjýe in mëemnr in bkbk in fk Mlbuejtkt Xkfnemjkek mle nf loantjvl in rniumjr fk blrtkfjiki plr nstn tublr, rnkfjzke nf mrjokil bkbldrëhjml in fk plofkmjýe in kmunril mle mrjtnrjls y bntlilfldâk inhjejils. Ne tlil blbnetl inonrë qunikr dkrketjzkik fk inrjvkmjýe in kqunffks buanrns mle slspnmgk l gkffkzdl in bkfjdejiki k fls ijsplsjtjvls nspnmâhjmls pkrk su mlehjrbkmjýe ijkdeýstjmk y trktkbjnetl ne mksl in enmnsjiki.
;.? _ndufkmjýe in fk fjorn nfnmmjýe ne nf ëbojtl skejtkrjl in fk Mlbuejiki Xkfnemjkek Nf Inmrntl 49/?3;>, in ;> in bkyl, inf Mlesnff, rndufk fk fjorn nfnmmjýe ne nf ëbojtl in fk ktnemjýe prjbkrjk y nspnmjkfjzkik inf ]jstnbk Xkfnemjkel in ]kfui, ksâ mlbl fk mrnkmjýe in su rndjstrl kutleýbjml, ilein prnilbjek fls sjdujnetns mlemnptls. - Srlmnsl pktlfýdjml1 inskrrlffl l nvlfumjýe in uek pktlfldâk l nehnrbniki y qun mleffnvk ue prlmnsl ksjstnemjkf mlesjstnetn ne nf ijkdeýstjml, trktkbjnetl y, ne lmksjlens, nf sndujbjnetl inf bjsbl trks nf jehlrbn in kftk bêijmk. - Jehlrbn in kftk bêijmk1 ilmubnetl nbjtjil nbjtjil plr nf bêijml rnspleskofn ne ue mnetrl mnetrl skejtkrjl kf hjekfjzkr nf prlmnsl ksjstnemjkf in ue pkmjnetn, qun nspnmjhjmk fls iktls in nstn, ue rnsubne in su gjstlrjkf mfâejml, fk kmtjvjiki ksjstnemjkf prnstkik, nf ijkdeýstjml y fks rnmlbneikmjlens tnrkpêutjmks. - Nqujpl in ktnemjýe prjbkrjk1 prjbkrjk1 mleauetl in pnrslekf pnrslekf skejtkrjl y el skejtkrjl qun trkokak ne ijmgl ejvnf ksjstnemjkf ne mkik uek in fks zleks oësjmks in skfui in mkik inpkrtkbnetl in skfui ne fls qun sn lrinek nf ]jstnbk Xkfnemjkel in ]kfui. ]u loantjvl ns mujikr in fk skfui in mkik uel in fls gkojtketns inf inpkrtkbnetl y in fks plofkmjlens mlbprneijiks ne nf bjsbl.
K. Ksjdekmjýe in rnmursls ksjstnemjkfns Fk mlesnffnrâk mlbpntnetn ne bktnrjk in skejiki ksjdekrë, in mlehlrbjiki mle nf bkpk skejtkrjl, prlhnsjlekf in bnijmjek in hkbjfjk y/l in pnijktrâk y mnetrl in ktnemjýe prjbkrjk k fls usukrjls y pkmjnetns rnsjinetns ne fk Mlbuejtkt Xkfnemjkek qun nstêe nbpkirlekils ne ue buejmjpjl rkijmkil ne su ëbojtl tnrrjtlrjkf y, l ojne tnedke fk mleijmjýe in ksndurkil l in onenhjmjkrjl inf ]jstnbk Ekmjlekf in ]kfui, l ojne mlemurrk ne nffls kfduel in fls supunstls mletnbpfkils ne nf krtâmufl = tnr in fk Fny ;8/?33=, in ?7 in bkyl, in Mlgnsjýe y Mkfjiki inf ]jstnbk Ekmjlekf in ]kfui. Fk ksjdekmjýe jejmjkf sn rnkfjzkrë ne huemjýe inf buejmjpjl in nbpkirlekbjnetl inf usukrjl l pkmjnetn ne fk Mlbuejtkt Xkfnemjkek. Fk ksjdekmjýe in prlhnsjlekf in bnijmjek y mnetrl in ktnemjýe prjbkrjk ffnvkrë kpkrnakik fk ksjdekmjýe inf glspjtkf in rnhnrnemjk y mnetrls in nspnmjkfjikins inf inpkrtkbnetl in skfui kf qun pnrtnenmn ijmgl mnetrl.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
O. Nanrmjmjl in fk fjorn nfnmmjýe Slirë nanrmnr nf inrnmgl k fk fjorn nfnmmjýe tlik pnrslek qun, in mlehlrbjiki mle fl nstkofnmjil ne fk elrbktjvk nstktkf kpfjmkofn, lstnetn fk mleijmjýe in ksndurkil l onenhjmjkrjl inf ]jstnbk Ekmjlekf in ]kfui y nstê ne plsnsjýe in fk tkrantk skejtkrjk jeijvjiukf, nxpnijik plr fk mlesnffnrâk mle mlbpntnemjks ne bktnrjk in skejiki. Fk slfjmjtui in fjorn nfnmmjýe snrë nhnmtukik plr fk pnrslek tjtufkr, pnrsleks kutlrjzkiks plr nf tjtufkr l plr qujne lstnetn fk rnprnsnetkmjýe fndkf, in kmunril mle nf blinfl elrbkfjzkil qun nfkolrn fk mlesnffnrâk mle mlbpntnemjks ne bktnrjk in skejiki. Ne fls mksls in pnrsleks bnelrns in niki okal fk tutnfk in fks kibjejstrkmjlens pñofjmks, fk slfjmjtui in fjorn nfnmmjýe plirë snr nhnmtukik plr fks pnrsleks qun tjnene mlehnrjik fk dukrik, ne vjrtui in rnslfumjýe in kmldjbjnetl hkbjfjkr l kmldjbjnetl rnsjinemjkf.
?. ]KF^ ]KF^I I BNE BNEYKF YKF ?.; Dnenrkfjikins Fk skfui bnetkf ns bumgl bës qun fk kusnemjk in trkstlrel bnetkf. Mukeil gkofkbls in hnfjmjiki, trkequjfjiki, dlmn l sktjshkmmjýe, mksj sjnbprn els nstkbls rnhjrjneil k fk skfui bnetkf. ]ndñe fk Hninrkmjýe Bueijkf pkrk fk ]kfui Bnetkf, fk skfui bnetkf tjnen qun vnr mle1 - Mýbl els snetjbls mle elsltrls bjsbls. - Mýbl els snetjbls mle fls inbës. - Ne quê hlrbk hlrbk rnspleinbls k fks inbkeiks inbkeiks in fk vjik. El nxjstn uek fâenk ijvjslrjk qun snpkrn mle prnmjsjýe k fk pnrslek bnetkfbnetn skek in fk qun el fl nstë. Nxjstn tlik uek dkbk in drkils in skfui bnetkf y el gky uek mkrkmtnrâstjmk sjedufkr qun punik tlbkrsn kjsfkikbnetn mlbl nvjinemjk in qun sn fk plsnn. Ykbplml fk kusnemjk in uel in nsls ktrjoutls punin kibjtjrsn mlbl prunok in ‖nehnrbniki‒ bnetkf. Netrn fks mkrkmtnrâstjmks in fks pnrsleks bnetkfbnetn skeks sn nemunetrke fks sjdujnetns1 - Nstëe sktjshnmgks mlesjdl bjsbl1 ´
El nstëe korubkiks plr sus prlpjks nblmjlens
´
Sunine kmnptkr sje kftnrkrsn fks inmnpmjlens in fk vjik.
´
Yjnene uek kmtjtui tlfnrketn, tlfnrketn, insprnlmupkik, insprnlmupkik, rnspnmtl rnspnmtl k fk prlpjk pnrslek pnrslek y k fls inbës y sle mkpkmns in rnârsn in sâ bjsbks.
´
Ej suonstjbke ej slornvkflrke sus gkojfjikins.
´
]n rnspntke k sâ bjsbks.
´
]n sjnetne mkpkmns in nehrnetkr nehrnetkr fk bkylrâk bkylrâk in fks sjtukmjlens.
´
Mlesjdune pfkmnr in fks mlsks sjbpfns in fk vjik mltjijkek.
- ]n sjnetne ojne mle fls inbës1
nijtlrjkf } mnp
´
]le mkpkmns mkpkmns in kbkr y tnenr ne ne mlesjinrkmjýe mlesjinrkmjýe fls jetnrnsns in fls inbës.
´
]us rnfkmjlens pnrslekfns sle sktjshkmtlrjks y iurkinrks.
´
Fns dustk dustk mlehjkr mlehjkr ne fls inbës y snetjr snetjr qun fls ltrls ltrls mlehâke mlehâke ne nffls.
´
_nspntke fks bñftjpfns ijhnrnemjks qun nemunetrke ne fk dnetn.
´
El sn sn kprlvnmgke kprlvnmgke in fls inbës inbës ej inake qun sn fns fns utjfjmn. utjfjmn.
´
]n sjnetne pkrtn in ue drupl.
´
]n mlesjinrke mlesjinrke jbpfjmkils ne ne fls kvktkrns qun khnmtke khnmtke k fk slmjniki. slmjniki.
- ]le mkpkmns mkpkmns in sktjshkmnr sktjshkmnr fks inbkeiks qun fk vjik fns prnsnetk1 ´
Nehrnetke sus prlofnbks k bnijik qun sn vke prnsnetkeil.
´
Kmnptke sus rnspleskojfjikins.
´
Blijhjmke su kbojnetn mukeil nstl ns plsjofn y sn kaustke k êf mukeil ns enmnskrjl. enmnskrjl.
´
Sfkejhjmke pkrk nf huturl, kf qun nehrnetke sje tnblr.
´
Yjnene fk bnetn kojnrtk k eunvks nxpnrjnemjks n jinks.
´
Gkmne usl in sus iltns y kptjtuins.
´
]n hjake sus bntks kaustëeilsn k fk rnkfjiki.
´
]le mkpkmns in tlbkr sus prlpjks inmjsjlens.
´
Mlesjdune sktjshkmmjýe ne plenr su bnalr bnalr nshunrzl nshunrzl ne fl qun gkmne. gkmne.
?.? Mlemnptl in skfui bnetkf Fk skfui bnetkf sunfn snr inhjejik mlbl nf nstkil in nqujfjorjl netrn uek pnrslek y su netlrel slmjl-mufturkf. Nstn nstkil dkrketjzk kf jeijvjiul su pkrtjmjpkmjýe fkolrkf, jetnfnmtukf y slmjkf pkrk kfmkezkr ue ojnenstkr y mkfjiki in vjik. ]ndñe fk LB], el nxjstn uek inhjejmjýe qun lhjmjkfjmn nf mlemnptl in skfui bnetkf, yk qun êstk sjnbprn kpkrnmn jehfunemjkik plr fks ijhnrnemjks mufturkfns y fk suoantjvjiki. In tliks hlrbks, plirâkbls inmjr qun fk skfui bnetkf ns ue nstkil in ojnenstkr nblmjlekf y psjmlfýdjml, ne nf mukf nf jeijvjiul ns mkpkz in gkmnr usl in sus gkojfjikins nblmjlekfns y mldejtjvks, huemjlens slmjkfns y in rnspleinr k fks inbkeiks lrijekrjks in fk vjik mltjijkek.
]n punin inhjejr fk skfui bnetkf mlbl fk mkpkmjiki inf jeijvjiul pkrk1 - Nstkofnmnr rnfkmjlens mle fls inbës. - Skrtjmjpkr in hlrbk mlestrumtjvk ne fks blijhjmkmjlens inf netlrel. - _nslfvnr in bkenrk kinmukik sus pltnemjkfns mlehfjmtls. - Inskrrlffkr su pnrslekfjiki.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Gky qun tnenr ne munetk qun fk skfui bnetkf el ns uek ijbnesjýe snpkrkik in fk skfui hâsjmk, mlbl els fl rnmunrik fk hkblsk snetnemjk fktjek ‖bnes skek je mlrplrn skel‒. Nstë inblstrkil qun nxjstne eubnrlsks mlenxjlens netrn nehnrbnikins bnetkfns y ojlfýdjmks.
?.= ^ejikins in glspjtkfjzkmjýe ne pkmjnetns in skfui bnetkf Fks uejikins in glspjtkfjzkmjýe in pkmjnetns in skfui bnetkf, jetndrkiks ne glspjtkfns dnenrkfns, nstëe instjekiks kf jedrnsl in kqunffls pkmjnetns mle kftnrkmjlens psjqujëtrjmks qun rnqujnrne trktkbjnetl ne rêdjbne in glspjtkfjzkmjýe. Fk LB] ijsplen in uek iltkmjýe in uek mkbk psjqujëtrjmk plr mkik ;3.333 gkojtketns in ue ërnk dnldrëhjmk intnrbjekik, sjnbprn qun nxjstke ltrls ijsplsjtjvls jetnrbnijls. Fls nfnbnetls ksjstnemjkfns oësjmls sle1 snrvjmjl in jetnrekbjnetl psjqujëtrjml, mlesuftks nxtnreks, snrvjmjl pnrbkenetn in urdnemjks, glspjtkf in iâk y mlesuftk psjqujëtrjmk jetnrinpkrtkbnetkf. Fks sjtukmjlens mfâejmks qun mle bkylr hrnmunemjk rnqujnrne ksjstnemjk psjqujëtrjmk urdnetn sle fks sjdujnetns1 - Mrjsjs in kdjtkmjýe psjmlbltrjz. - Mrjsjs in kesjniki nxtrnbk. - Mleiumtks sujmjiks. - ]âeirlbns mlehusjlekfns. - Yrkstlrels in fk mleiumtk y/l kdrnsjvjiki pktlfýdjmk. Fks vnetkaks in fks uejikins in glspjtkfjzkmjýe in pkmjnetns in skfui bnetkf hrnetn kf glspjtkf psjqujëtrjml sle fks sjdujnetns1 - Jetndrkmjýe inf nehnrbl psjqujëtrjml netrn nf rnstl in nehnrbls, nehnrbls, fl qun ijsbjeuyn tketl tketl nf nstjdbk nstjdbk in êstn mlbl nf in su hkbjfjk. - Bkylr kplyl pkrk nvjtkr nvjtkr jetnrekbjnetls ne pnrsleks krojtrkrjkbnetn psjqujktrjzkiks. - Kmmnsjojfjiki, bêijmls in dukrijk, kmtukmjlens kmtukmjlens bës kaustkiks k fks enmnsjikins enmnsjikins in mkik mksl, hkmjfjtkmjýe in fk mletjeujiki in fk ksjstnemjk. - Mnetrls pnqunûls y in uojmkmjýe urokek qun kyuike k rnvnrtjr fks mlesnmunemjks mlesnmunemjks inf nemjnrrl ne ne pnrsleks fkrdkbnetn kjsfkiks. - Bkylr hkmjfjiki pkrk ktneinr fls prlofnbks prlofnbks slbëtjmls slbëtjmls in fls nehnrbls bnetkfns. - Bnalrk fk jetnrvnemjýe psjqujëtrjmk plr plr pkrtn in ltrls ltrls snrvjmjls snrvjmjls inf glspjtkf dnenrkf. dnenrkf. - Bnalrns mleijmjlens pkrk fk jevnstjdkmjýe, kf plinr ijsplenr in fls snrvjmjls snrvjmjls prlpjls inf glspjtkf dnenrkf. - Kbojnetn bës nstjbufketn y ktrkmtjvl pkrk nf pnrslekf, pnrslekf, mle hkmjfjiki pkrk fk mkptkmjýe in eunvls bjnborls pkrk nf nqujpl.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
?.9 Yjpls in jetnrekbjnetls ne pkmjnetns in skfui bnetkf Nf drke prlofnbk mle qun sn nemunetrk nf nehnrbl bnetkf ne bumgks lmksjlens ns fk eufk mlemjnemjk in nehnrbniki, fl qun fn ffnvk k rnmgkzkr tketl nf trktkbjnetl hkrbkmlfýdjml mlbl nf bêijml l nf prlpjl jetnrekbjnetl. Ne Nspkûk nf jetnrekbjnetl psjqujëtrjml sn rndufk plr fnyns lrijekrjks1 Mýijdl Snekf, Mýijdl Mjvjf y Fny Dnenrkf in ]kejiki. El gky uek fndjsfkmjýe nspnmâhjmk mlbl ne ltrls pkâsns. Hun ue puetl in mlesnesl netrn psjqujktrks y aurjstks ksubjil plr fls fndjsfkilrns mle nf jetnetl in elrbkfjzkr fls inrnmgls in fks pnrsleks kqunakiks in nehnrbnikins bnetkfns. K pkrtjr in fk Mlestjtumjýe in ;:47, ekijn punin snr prjvkil in fjonrtki ej lofjdkil k ue intnrbjekil trktkbjnetl bêijml, skfvl plr ijsplsjmjýe fndkf y ne nstn mksl rnspntkeil fks dkrketâks nstkofnmjiks ne fls trktkils y kmunrils hjrbkils plr Nspkûk, netrn ltrls nf Mlevnejl pkrk fk Srltnmmjýe in fls Inrnmgls Gubkels y in fks Fjonrtkins Hueikbnetkfns.
K. Nf jetnrekbjnetl mlbl uek bnijik nxmnpmj nxmnpmjlekf lekf - ]n mlesjinrk mlesjinrk nf trkstlrel trkstlrel bnetkf bnetkf ne mletjeuk mletjeuk nvlfumjýe, plr fls prldrnsls in fk psjqujktrâk y fls mkbojls in kmtjtui in fk plofkmjýe. - [un el punik prlfledkrsn nf jetnrekbjnetl sj el pnrsjstn fk pnrturokmjýe bnetkf qun fk lmksjleý. - Enmnsjiki in mletrlf auijmjkf ne fls jetnrekbjnetls jevlfuetkrjls. - [un nf pkmjnetn tnedk fk plsjojfjiki in snr lâil pnrslekfbnetn l, ne su mksl, bnijketn kfduek hlrbk in rnprnsnetkmjýe0 qun snk jehlrbkil in fks mleijmjlens inf jetnrekbjnetl, qun fk inmjsjýe auijmjkf sn kilptn ne ornvn pfkzl. - Fks rnstrjmmjlens rnstrjmmjlens k fk fjonrtki fjonrtki pnrslekf pnrslekf inf pkmjnetn pkmjnetn inone fjbjtkrsn k fks qun snke enmnskrjks enmnskrjks plr fk sjtukmjýe psjmlpktlfýdjmk y nf nemukirn tnrkpêutjml. Nf tjpl in jedrnsl vk k nstkr intnrbjekil plr ue mrjtnrjl bêijml ne nf jetnrekbjnetl vlfuetkrjl n jevlfuetkrjl (mle kutlrjzkmjýe auijmjkf ne nstn ñftjbl mksl) l plr fk inmjsjýe auijmjkf (lâils fls pnrjtkans psjqujëtrjmls, ne nf mksl in ue infjemunetn nxnetl in rnspleskojfjiki mrjbjekf plr mkusk psâqujmk, l ojne ne uek sjtukmjýe in nehnrbniki slornvnejik, l ne nf prnsuetl infjemunetn pkrk losnrvkmjýe, k tnelr inf Mýijdl Snekf) y plr tjpl in rnmursl (^ejikins Ssjqujëtrjmks inf ]jstnbk Ekmjlekf in ]kfui, Jestjtumjlens Snejtnemjkrjks l nspnmjkfns, bjfjtkrns, snrvjmjls slmjkfns)
O. ^ejiki in bnijk y fkrdk nstkemjk ]n punine inhjejr nstks ^ejikins mlbl kqunffks instjekiks kf trktkbjnetl, ksjstnemjk y. rngkojfjtkmjýe inf nehnrbl bnetkf mrýejml ne rêdjbne in glspjtkfjzkmjýe. Nstn drupl in pkmjnetns plr fk nvlfumjýe in fk nehnrbniki, l ojne plr bltjvls slmjkfns l hkbjfjkrns, nxjdne glspjtkfjzkmjlens prlfledkiks pkrk kpfjmkr prldrkbks nspnmâhjmls, k bnijl y fkrdl pfkzl, in rngkojfjtkmjýe y rnjesnrmjýe slmjkf. Slr tketl nstks ^ejikins nstkrâke instjekiks k kqunffls pkmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel bnetkf mrýejml y drkvn qun fns jbplsjojfjtk su nstkemjk ne rêdjbne kboufktlrjl k mlrtl pfkzl.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
M. ^ejikins jetnrbnijks k. Mrjtnrjls Mrjtn rjls in Jedrnsl - Niki mlbprneijik netrn ;7 y 83 kûls. - Skmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel bnetkf mrýejml, mrýejml, muyk sjetlbktlfldâk gk sjil inojikbnetn nstkofnmjik nstkofnmjik mlbl ‖rnsjstnetn‒ k fks tnrkpêutjmks gkojtukfns y kinbës rnsuftk in jbplsjofn bkenal ne nf bnijl kboufktlrjl (plr su drkvniki jetrâesnmk l plr fk nxjstnemjk in rjnsdl pkrk nf pkmjnetn y su netlrel hkbjfjkr y slmjkf) - Skmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel bnetkf mrýejml kslmjkil k iêhjmjts jbplrtketns jbplrtketns ne ne trns l bës kspnmtls prjbkrjls in fk vjik mltjijkek (gjdjnen pnrslekf y kutlmujikil, kutlelbâk, rnfkmjlens jetnrpnrslekfns, trkeskmmjlens slmjkfns y lmjl), in bkenrk qun sn bnelsmkon l jbplsjojfjtn nf inskrrlffl in fk prlpjk kutlsuhjmjnemjk. - Skmjnetns psjqujëtrjmls mrýejmls mkrnetns mkrnetns in kplyl psjmlslmjkf, psjmlslmjkf, in kignrnemjk k fls trktkbjnetls, trktkbjnetls, l ojne, prnsnetke insmlbpneskmjlens y rnkduijzkmjlens in fk sjetlbktlfldâk, mle drke inskaustn mleiumtukf, in jbplsjofn bkenal ne fk ^ejiki in Kduils. - Ylil nehnrbl nehnrbl bnetkf qun punik onenhjmjkrsn in bkenrk jbplrtketn in ue prlmnsl prlmnsl rngkojfjtkilr psjqujëtrjml, sjnbprn y mukeil êstn el punik ffnvkrsn k mkol ne rêdjbne nxtrkglspjtkfkrjl.
o. Mrjtnrjls Mrjtnrj ls in Nxmfusjýe - Skmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel psjqujëtrjml kduil, susmnptjofn in trktkbjnetl k ejvnf kboufktlrjl, l ojne ne ^ejiki in Kduils. - Skmjnetns muyl ñejml ijkdeýstjml psjqujëtrjml snk trkstlrel trkstlrel in pnrslekfjiki, pnrslekfjiki, kousl y inpneinemjk inpneinemjk in sustkemjks psjmltrlpks, rntrksl bnetkf y trkstlrel in fk mleiumtk kfjbnetkrfk. - Skmjnetns mle mle pktlfldâk slbëtjmk drkvn, kduik l mrýejmk, l nehnrbniki jehnmtlmletkdjlsk qun krrjnsdun fk skfui inf rnstl in fls pkmjnetns y qun snke susmnptjofns in ue ijsplsjtjvl ksjstnemjkf bêijml bës kprlpjkil pkrk su pktlfldâk.
I. ^ejiki in fkrdk nstkemjk Ne rnfkmjýe k fls Mrjtnrjls in Jedrnsl, sn utjfjzkrëe nsnemjkfbnetn fls rnhnrjils pkrk fk ^ejiki in Nstkemjks Jetnrbnijks. ]je nbokrdl, pkrk mlesjinrkr mlbl kinmukik fk ^ejiki in Fkrdk Nstkemjk ne ue intnrbjekil pkmjnetn, sn vkflrkrë nf gnmgl in qun fk drkvniki jetrâesnmk inf trkstlrel psjqujëtrjml, fk jetnesjiki inf intnrjlrl y fk kusnemjk in kplyl psjmlslmjkf, ijhjmuftne bës fks plsjojfjikins in rnjesnrmjýe. Slr fl qun rnspnmtk k fls Mrjtnrjls in _njesnrmjýe, sn bketjnene fls bjsbls in fk ^ejiki in Nstkemjks Jetnrbnijks y ne muketl k fls Bnmkejsbls in Jedrnsl, tkbojêe gke in mubpfjr fks mleijmjlens insmrjtks, qunikeil ne bkels in fk Mlbjsjýe Jetnrijsmjpfjekr in Yrksfkil fk inmjsjýe ñftjbk inf jedrnsl ne nstk ^ejiki. ]je nbokrdl ne nstn mksl, nf pnrâlil bëxjbl in jetnrekbjnetl ns in ils kûls, rnnvkfukil pnrjýijmkbnetn ne oksn k fls loantjvls hjakils y mlesjinrkeil fk plsjojfjiki in utjfjzkr ltrl tjpl in rnmursl bës kinmukil. Loantjvls1 _ngkojfjtkmjýe Ssjqujëtrjmk y _njesnrmjýe ]lmjkf. ]n inhjen mlbl nf mleauetl in kmtjvjikins tnrkpêutjmks plr fks qun nf pkmjnetn qun pkinmn ijsmkpkmjikins mlesnmutjvks k su trkstlrel bnetkf,
nijtlrjkf } mnp
kfmkemn kqunffls rnmursls hâsjmls, nblmjlekfns, jetnfnmtukfns, slmjkfns l fkolrkfns jeijspneskofns pkrk vjvjr, kprneinr, kikptkrsn y trkokakr ne su kboj netn l bnijl mlemrntl. Nf prlmnsl rngkojfjtkilr mlestk in fks sjdujnetns hksns1 - Jehlrbkmjýe. - Ijkdeýstjml y Nvkfukmjýe. - Sfkejhjmkmjýe. - Jetnrvnemjýe Ynrkpêutjmk. - _nnvkfukmjýe. Fls loantjvls in fls Sfkens Jeijvjiukfns in _ngkojfjtkmjýe sle1 - Nvkfukmjýe in mkik mksl, sus enmnsjikins enmnsjikins pkrtjmufkrns, pkrtjmufkrns, prlynmtl in vjik y bnijl jebnijktl - Nstkofnmnr Nstkofnmnr kmtjvjikins kmtjvjikins qun pnrbjtke pnrbjtke kiqujrjr kiqujrjr l rnmupnrkr rnmupnrkr gkojfjikins y mlbpntnem mlbpntnemjks jks in fk vjik ijkrjk y qun pnrbjtke uek bnalr kikptkmjýe inf pkmjnetn k su bnijl ekturkf y nxjdnemjks in êstn. - Srnvnejr nf rjnsdl in jestjtumjlekfjzkmjýe. - Ksnslrkr y kplykr k fks hkbjfjks. - Sltnemjkr fk rnjesnrmjýe rnjesnrmjýe slmjkf inf pkmjnetn, prlmurkeil iltkrfn iltkrfn inf bkylr drkil in kutlelbâk. Fks Ërnks in Jetnrvnemjýe sle1 - Kmtjvjikins in fk vjik ijkrjk y gkojfjikins slmjkfns. - Inskrrlffl nblmjlekf y rngkojfjtkmjýe mldejtjvk. - Lmjl prldrkbkil y lrjnetkmjýe lmupkmjlekf. - _ngkojfjtkmjýe fkolrkf. - Niumkmjýe in kiuftls. - Ssjmlniumkmjýe inf pkmjnetn y fk hkbjfjk. - Kftnrektjvks rnsjinemjkfns. - Srnstkmjlens skejtkrjks y slmjl-nmleýbjmks slmjl-nmleýbjmks.. Fls Srldrkbks Nspnmâhjmls in Jetnrvnemjýe Ynrkpêutjmk sle1 - Srldrkbks in sndujbjnetl psjmlhkrbkmlfýdjm psjmlhkrbkmlfýdjml. l. - Srldrkbk in skfjiks tnrkpêutjmks. - Srldrkbk in mletkmtl y sndujbjnetl hkbjfjkr. - Srldrkbks in Ktnemjýe in Nehnrbnrâk. - Srldrkbk in Ktnemjýe Bêijmk mletjeukik. - Srldrkbk in Ynrkpjk Lmupkmjlekf. - Srldrkbk Nvkfukmjýe y sndujbjnetl psjmlfýdjml y psjmltnrkpêutjml psjmltnrkpêutjml.. - Srldrkbk in kmtjvjikins fñijml-slmjkfns, mufturkfns y inplrtjvks. - Srldrkbk in Yrktkbjnetl y sndujbjnetl psjqujëtrjml jeijvjiukfjzkil.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Nf nqujpl tnrkpêutjml prlblvnrë kmtjvjikins kmtjvjikins ilmnetns n jevnstjdkilrks pkrk ue bnalr mlelmjbjnetl skejtkrjl y dnenrkf inf nehnrbl bnetkf mrýejml y su rngkojfjtkmjýe.
?.> Huemjlens inf pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk K. Huemjýe ksjstnemjkf Fks prjemjpkfns huemjlens ksjstnemjkfns inf pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk sle1 - Ktnemjlens qun prnmjsne kqunffls mksls ne fls qun el snk plsjofn bketnenr bketnenr kf pkmjnetn ne fks rnins ekturkfns in jesnrmjýe. - Nefkmn mle mle ltrks nstrumturks ksjstnemjkfns. Jbplrtketn fk mllrijekmjýe mllrijekmjýe netrn fls prlhnsjlekfns prlhnsjlekfns qun prnstke snrvjmjls ne nf ërnk skejtkrjk. - ^rdnemjks psjqujëtrjmks. Gky qun skonr ijsmnrejr netrn netrn fls prlofnbks qun sle rnkfbnetn rnkfbnetn psjqujëtrjmls in ltrls prlofnbks bêijmls nxmnsjvkbnetn psjqujktrjzkils. - ^ek vnz rnkfjzkil nf jedrnsl nf nf pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk nehnrbnrâk tjnen fk lofjdkmjýe in nesnûkr kf pkmjnetn nf nspkmjl hâsjml ne nf qun sn vk k blvnr. Ketns in ksjdekrfn gkojtkmjýe sn inon mlelmnr fk pktlfldâk inf suantl pkrk ksjdekrfn fk bës kprlpjkik. - Mlfkolrkilr ne tnrkpjks1 mltnrkpêutk. - Keltkr fls mkbojls qun sn vke prliumjneil prliumjneil ne nf pkmjnetn puijneil kyuikrsn in prltlmlfls prltlmlfls in nvkfukmjýe y ijkdeýstjml.
k. Jetnrvnemjýe ne mrjsjs _nmnpmjýe inf Skmjnetn.Mukeil nf jedrnsl ns bës l bnels prldrkbkil y lrdkejzkil, nf pkmjnetn snrë rnmjojil kf bnels plr uek nehnrbnrk/l y ue kuxjfjkr in nehnrbnrâk, qujnens inonrëe prnsnetkrsn kf pkmjnetn jeijmëeilfn su elborn y mktndlrâk prlhnsjlekf. ]n inone rnkfjzkr fls sjdujnetns pksls1
- _nmldjik in iktls in hjfjkmjýe. - Lotnenr tlik fk jehlrbkmjýe plsjofn plsjofn slorn fk prlmninemjk inf pkmjnetn, qujêe fn kmlbpkûk, kmlbpkûk, su nstkil psjmlbltlr, su nstkil in mlemjnemjk y su lrjnetkmjýe. - Jetnrmkbojkr ueks pkfkorks mle nf kmlbpkûketn pkrk pkrk jehlrbkrels kmnrmk inf bltjvl inf jedrnsl, jedrnsl, in su mlbplrtkbjnetl iurketn nf trkynmtl, in su kmnptkmjýe inf jedrnsl y pnijr k fls kmlbpkûketns qun el sn vkyke gkstk qun q un sn fns eltjhjqun.
o. ^ek vnz jedrnskil - Jetnrnskrsn Jetnrnskrsn plr fls fls bltjvls qun fn ffnvkrle ffnvkrle kf glspjtkf, glspjtkf, trktkeil in mrnkr uek ktbýshnrk ktbýshnrk trkequjfk y hlbnetkeil fk nxprnsjýe in snetjbjnetls. - Blstrkrfn fks inpneinemjks inpneinemjks in fk uejiki (mlbnilr, (mlbnilr, skfk skfk in YX, snrvjmjls, snrvjmjls, gkojtkmjýe, gkojtkmjýe, mkbk, mkbk, iumgks, ntm., prnsnetëeilfn kf rnstl in pkmjnetns, mle fls qun mlbpkrtjrë fks inpneinemjks in fk uejiki.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Ylbkr fks mlestketns vjtkfns, n jeikdkr kmnrmk kmnrmk in nehnrbnikins prnvjks slbëtjmks slbëtjmks y psjqujëtrjmks, kfnrdjks bnijmkbnetlsks bnijmkbnetlsks y kfjbnetkrjks, trktkbjnetls qun sjdun ne fk kmtukfjiki, gëojtls týxjmls, ntm. - _nvjskr y snfnmmjlekr snfnmmjlekr fks pnrtnenemjks inf pkmjnetn rntjrkeil kqunffks pltnemjkfbnetn pltnemjkfbnetn pnfjdrlsks pkrk su jetndrjiki y fk in fls inbës, ksâ mlbl fls loantls in vkflr. - Netrnvjstk. Yjnen mlbl mlbl loantl vkflrkr fk sjtukmjýe psjmlpktlfýdjmk psjmlpktlfýdjmk kmtukf inf pkmjnetn. Jbpfjmk losnrvkr y nsmumgkr kf pkmjnetn pkrk trktkr in gkmnrsn uek mlbplsjmjýe in fudkr n j r puetukfjzkeil bnijketn prnduetks pkrk lotnenr uek jehlrbkmjýe intkffkik. Fls puetls oësjmls ne fk nxpflrkmjýe psjqujëtrjmk sle1 - Srnsnetkmjýe1 vnstjil, ksnl, plsturk mlrplrkf, ntm. - Xjdjfkemjk1 kftnrkmjlens kftnrkmjlens ne nf ejvnf in mlemjnemjk, nstrnmgkbjnet nstrnmgkbjnetl l in fk mlemjnemjk, mlemjnemjk, lrjnetkmjýe lrjnetkmjýe ne tjnbpl, pnrslek y nspkmjl. - Bnblrjk1 huemjlens supnrjlrns mlesnrvkiks l el mlesnrvkiks. - Snrmnpmjlens Snrmnpmjlens11 jfusjlens, kfumjekmjlens. - Sneskbjnetl1 ´
mursl1 kmnfnrkmjýe, nefnetnmjbjnetl
´
mletnejil1 infjrjls, infjrjls, drkil drkil in kignsjýe k nstls n jinks losnsjvks, hjaks l hýojmks.
- Fnedukan1 nefnetnmjil, kmnfnrkil, nfnvkil l okal tlel tlel in vlz. - Ëejbl1 nfnvkil, nfnvkil, nuhlrjk, nuhlrjk, nxpkesjvjiki, ijshlrjk1 jrrjtkojfjiki, jrrjtkojfjiki, hkftk in tlfnrkemjk tlfnrkemjk k fk mletrkijmmletrkijmmjýe, fkojfjiki nblmjlekf ijsbjeujik, inprjbjil. - Aujmjl1 mkpkmjiki mkpkmjiki in aujmjl, aujmjl, mlemjnemjk mlemjnemjk l el in nehnrbniki, ijstlrsjýe inf aujmjl (rkzlekbjnetl nxkdnrkil l pkrkeljin) - Enmnsjikins oësjmks1 kfjbnetkmjýe, sunûl, mletrlf in nshâetnrns, snxukfjiki. - Mleiumtk slmjkf1 jetnetl in sujmjijl, infjtls, kdrnsjlens, nxgjojmjlens. - Mlemjnemjk in sâ bjsbl1 inspnrslekfjzkmjýe, ijsblrhlhlojk Fls puetls qun inone in mlestkr ne nf jehlrbn rnkfjzkil ne nf blbnetl inf jedrnsl sle1 - Iktls in hjfjkmjýe. - Bltjvls in fk urdnemjk y/l jedrnsl. - Ketnmninetns hkbjfjkrns. - Ketnmninetns pnrslekfns qun jemfuyke gjstlrjk in nehnrbniki nehnrbniki y npjslijl npjslijl kmtukf kmtukf nxpfjmkil. nxpfjmkil. - ]jtukmjýe slbëtjmk, ketnmninetns qujrñrdjmls, trktkbjnetls qun nstë sjdujneil y kfnrdjks bnijmkbnetlsks y/l kfjbnetkrjks. - Iktls ojldrëhjmls. - Nxpflrkmjýe hâsjmk y psjmlpktlfýdjmk1 mlestketns vjtkfns, ntm. - Ijkdeýstjmls in nehnrbnrâk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Nf pkpnf inf pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk inetrl inf nqujpl, ns jdukf qun nf in mukfqujnr ltrl bjnborl in êstn ne huemjýe in fk hlrbkmjýe y in fks inmjsjlens qun sn tlbne ne fks rnuejlens in nqujpl.
O. Huemjýe ilmnetn - Niumkmjýe skejtkrjk1 pnrslek, hkbjfjk, eñmfnl slmjkf y mlbuejiki. - Niumkmjýe inf inf nqujpl skejtkrjl1 mkptkmjýe mkptkmjýe in fls jetndrketns jetndrketns pkrk mubpfjr mle fks kmtjvjikins in su mlbpntnemjk. - Inon hlbnetkrsn hlbnetkrsn nf mlelmjbjnetl in fk nspnmjkfjiki, nspnmjkfjiki, ksâ qun rnsuftk jbplrtketn jbplrtketn fk ilmnemjk ilmnemjk in1 fls kfubels in nehnrbnrâk y hlrbkmjýe mletjeuk bnijketn mursls, mlehnrnemjks snbjekrjl, ntm
M. Huemjýe jevnstjdkilrk - Jevnstjdkmjýe slorn nehnrbnrâk mfâejmk. - Jevnstjdkmjýe rnfktjvk k fk nesnûkezk in fk prlhnsjýe. - Jevnstjdkmjýe rnfktjvk k fk kibjejstrkmjýe in snrvjmjls in nehnrbnrâk. - Jevnstjdkmjýe slorn fls kspnmtls prnvnetjvls in fk nehnrbnrâk nehnrbnrâk psjqujëtrjmk.
I. Huemjýe kibjejst kibjejstrktjvk rktjvk - Sfkejhjmkmjýe. - Lrdkejzkmjýe. - _nkfjzkmjýe. - Nvkfukmjýe. - Xkflrkmjýe.
?.8 _nfkmjýe pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk-pkmjnetn Fks rnfkmjlens jetnrpnrslekfns sle uek gkojfjiki nspnmjkfjzkik qun utjfjzk nf pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk pkrk trktkr k fls nehnrbls in skfui bnetkf. Fks hksns in fk rnfkmjýe sle1 - Hksn in jehlrbkmjýe lrjnetkmjýe1 lrjnetkmjýe1 nf pnrslekf pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk nehnrbnrâk ns nf nemkrdkil in mrnkr uek ktbýshnrk kinmukik y uels fâbjtns inetrl in fls mukfns nvlfumjlekrë fk rnfkmjýe. - Hksn in trkokal1 el tjnen ue mlbjnezl prnhjakil prnhjakil y inpnein in fk bltjvkmjýe inf pkmjnetn. - Hksn hjekf1 snrâk jetnrnsketn jetnrnsketn ikr kf pkmjnetn fk lplrtuejiki in nvkfukr fl qun fn gk dustkil y fl qun el fn gk dustkil. Gky hkmtlrns pnrturokilrns in fk rnfkmjýe. ]le hkmtlrns jegnrnetns k fk nehnrbniki, mkpkmns in pnrturokr y in mlbpfjmkr ijmgk rnfkmjýe. ^ek nxmnsjvk kesjniki plr pkrtn inf pkmjnetn punin oflqunkr fk rnfkmjýe ne fk hksn in lrjnetkmjýe, kinbës, insnemkinekrë insnemkinekrë bnmkejsbls in inhnesk, netrn fls qun mkon snûkfkr fls sjdujnetns1
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Fk rndrnsjýe1 rndrnsjýe1 rntlrel rntlrel k ue mlbplrtkbjn mlbplrtkbjnetl etl mkrkmtnrâstjml mkrkmtnrâstjml in ue pnrjlil pnrjlil ketnrjlr ketnrjlr inf inskrrlinskrrlffl. - Nf ffketl. - Fk glstjfjiki1 glstjfjiki1 punin prlvlmkr uek kmtjtui kmtjtui in rnmgkzl plr pkrtn pkrtn inf pnrslekf. - Fk inpneinemjk. - Fk jeijhnrnemjk1 jeijhnrnemjk1 jeijmk qun nf pkmjnetn prlokofnbnetn prlokofnbnetn nstë endkeil endkeil fl qun fn pksk.
?.4 ^ejikins in skfui bnetke jehketl-auvnejf Fk ]kfui Bnetkf jehketl-auvnejf sn inskrrlffkrâk inskrrlffkrâk k pkrtjr in fls trns ejvnfns in prnvnemjýe in kmunril k fls mrjtnrjls prlpunstls plr fk L.B.]., mlehjdurkeil uek rni ne fk qun kdrupkrâk k tlils fls rnmursls skejtkrjls y el skejtkrjls in ktnemjýe y ksjstnemjk k fk plofkmjýe jehketl-auvnejf nxjstnetns ne eunstrl tnrrjtlrjl.
K. Srnvnemjýe Srjbkrjk Fks kmmjlens in prnvnemjýe in fk nehnrbniki y prlblmjýe in fk ]kfui Bnetkf sn inskrrlffkrëe insin fls snmtlrns skejtkrjl, niumktjvl y slmjkf, ne fks qun sn vnrëe jevlfumrkils1 - Fls pnijktrks in fls Nqujpls in Ktnemjýe Srjbkrjk y fls prlhnsjlekfns in fks ^ejikins in ]kfui Bnetkf Mlbuejtkrjks (^]BM), k trkvês in Srldrkbks nspnmâhjmls in prnvnemjýe in rjnsdl. - Nf prlhnslrkil, prlhnslrkil, inskrrlffkeil inskrrlffkeil ne ne fk plofkmjýe jehketjf kspnmtls niumktjvls rnfkmjlekils mle fk bnalrk inf snetjil y ijshrutn in fk vjik. - Fls nqujpls nqujpls in lrjnetkmjýe psjmlpnikdýdjmk, psjmlpnikdýdjmk, plr bnijl in kmtjvjikins in intnmmjýe intnmmjýe prnmlz prnmlz in nstn tjpl in trkstlrel ne nf ëbojtl nsmlfkr. K trkvês in mkbpkûks in prlblmjýe in fk ]kfui Bnetkf in fk plofkmjýe dnenrkf jemfuyneil nspnmâhjmkbnetn fk prnvnemjýe in irldlinpneinemjks.
O. Srnvnemjýe ]nmueikr ]nmueikrjk jk Fks jetnrvnemjlens k ejvnf in fk pktlfldâk bnetkf jehketl-auvnejf nstkrëe mnetrkiks ne fls ijsplsjtjvls ksjstnemjkfns mlbuejtkrjls in ]kfui Bnetkf. Netrn fks huemjlens in nstls nqujpls nstkrâke fks in1 mlesuftlrns in fls NKS, jetnrmlesuftks y inrjvkmjlens, ijkdeýstjml, trktkbjnetl y sndujbjnetl in ejûls y kilfnsmnetns mle trkstlrels bnetkfns. Skrk nffl, sn mletkrë ne fls glspjtkfns dnenrkfns in rnhnrnemjk mle ^ejikins Nspnmâhjmks in Ssjqujktrâk Jehketl-Auvnejf l mle prlhnsjlekfns mle mlelmjbjnetls nspnmâhjmls ne fk bktnrjk, ne mukfqujnr mksl mkpkmns in ktneinr k kqunffls pkmjnetns qun plr su mlbpfnajiki y nspnmjhjmjiki el punike snr trktkils ne ltrks uejikins. Nstls prlhnsjlekfns jetnrvneirâke k muktrl ejvnfns - Mlesuftks nxtnreks inrjvkiks
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Mlesuftks nxtnreks, nxtnreks, k ilein sn inspfkzkrâke intnrbjekils intnrbjekils iâks in fk snbkek, ne ne mllrijekmjýe mle fls prlhnsjlekfns qun trkokake ne êstks pkrk kmtjvjikins in vkflrkmjýe mleauetk l jetnrmlesuftk. -
Jetnrmlesuftks in pnijktrâk.
- Kplyl k fk psjqujktrâk in nefkmn ne fls glspjtkfns.
M. Srnvnemjýe tnrmjkr tnrmjkrjk jk Kmtukfbnetn, sn munetk mle trns ijsplsjtjvls in jedrnsl pkrk rngkojfjtkmjýe nspnmâhjmls pkrk jehketl-auvnejf ne fk skejiki pñofjmk.
?.7 ^rdnemjks psjqujëtrjmks Fks urdnemjks psjqujëtrjmks bës mlbuens sle nf pkmjnetn vjlfnetl l kdjtkil, nf pkmjnetn sujmjik l mle jinkmjlens sujmjiks, nf pkmjnetn mle trkstlrel in fk pnrslekfjiki qun ousmk fk glspjtkfjzkmjýe mlbl bnijl in lotnenr mujikil y nf pkmjnetn mle sâeirlbn bnetkf lrdëejml kduil (jetlxjmkmjlens, trkubks mrkenkfns, ntm.). Ne fls snrvjmjls in urdnemjk, ilein k bneuil gky qun nvkfukr y tlbkr inmjsjlens slorn nf trktkbjnetl sje ijsplenr in suhjmjnetn jehlrbkmjýe, ns hrnmunetn fk prnsnemjk in pkmjnetns mle sâetlbks psjqujëtrjmls enmnsjtkils in ksjstnemjk jebnijktk. Fk nxpflrkmjýe psjqujëtrjmk inon mlbpfnbnetkrsn mle netrnvjstks k fls hkbjfjkrns l kbjdls qun kmlbpkûke kf pkmjnetn. Mjnrtls mlbplrtkbjnetls mlbplrtkbjnetls punine snr pnfjdrlsls, in bkenrk qun nf prlhnsjlekf skejtkrjl gk in inmjijr sj sn inon rntnenr kf pkmjnetn mletrk su vlfuetki mlbl bnijik in sndurjiki pkrk êstn y fls inbës l sj sn punin rnkfjzkr uek mlbpfntk nvkfukmjýe psjqujëtrjmk in urdnemjk. Fks urdnemjks psjqujëtrjmks punine rnqunrjr uek nvkfukmjýe bêijmk dnenrkf ketns in jejmjkr mukfqujnr trktkbjnetl, inmjijr fk glspjtkfjzkmjýe, nf tjpl in jetnrvnemjýe psjmltnrkpêutjmk l fk tnrkpjk hkrbkmlfýdjmk lplrtuek.
K. ^rdnemjks qun enmsjtke uek nvkfukmjýe bêijmk dnenrkf Fls ktkquns in kedustjk inone nvkfukrsn pkrk insmkrtkr ltrls trkstlrels rnfkmjlekils mle fk kesjniki, jemfujils fk psjmlsjs, fls nstkils infjrketns, fks hlojks, nf mlesubl l sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk in irldks, fk tjrltlxjmlsjs, nf jehkrtl in bjlmkrijl, fk gjpnrvnetjfkmjýe y fks krrjtbjks mkriâkmks. Fls ktkquns in kedustjk sn trktkrëe mle ;3 k =3 bd/i in prlprkelflf plr v.l. pkrk rniumjr fks bkejhnstkmjlens pnrjhêrjmks in kesjniki l ojne mle 3,> k ? bd in mflekznpkb (uek onezlijkmnpjek in kmmjýe prlfledkik) ?/i l mle kfprkzlfkb, in 3,> k ;,> bd, in i n ?-=/i pkrk trktkbjnetls ornvns. Fk bkeâk punin snr uek bkejhnstkmjýe in ue trkstlrel psjqujëtrjml prjbkrjl (trkstlrel ojplfkr) l in uek nehnrbniki lrdëejmk qun khnmtk kf ]EM. Ykbojêe punin snr ue nhnmtl snmueikrjl in ijvnrsls bnijmkbnetls, mlbl mlrtjmlstnrljins, mjmflsplrjek, ltrls jebuelsuprnslrns, kehntkbjeks, okmflhnel, orlblmrjptjek, mkptlprjf, mjbntjijek, ijsufhjrkb, gjirkfkzjek, jslejkzjik, fnvlilpk, bntjfhnejiktl, bntrjzkbjik, lpjljins, prlmkrokzjek, prlmjmfjijek y ylgjbojek. ^ek psjmlsjs punin bkejhnstkrsn ne hlrbk in nsqujzlhrnejk, trkstlrel ojplfkr, trkstlrels infjrketns y inprnsjýe bkylr. Ne ue prjbnr orltn psjmýtjml gky qun insmkrtkr fks bjsbks nehnrbnikins lrdëejmks y nhnmtls snmueikrjls in bnijmkbnetls.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Fks mkusks in infjrjl punine snr buy ijvnrsks, insin nehnrbnikins bntkoýfjmks k mukirls in jetlxjmkmjýe. Skrk nf ijkdeýstjml gky qun slspnmgkr l mlelmnr uek ntjlfldâk plsjofn. Fls npjslijls ijslmjktjvls sýfl punine ijkdelstjmkrsn uek vnz insmkrtkiks ltrks mkusks in kftnrkmjýe in fk bnblrjk, mlbl, plr nanbpfl, trkubktjsbl mrkenkf, ue kmmjinetn mnrnorlvksmufkr l ue trkstlrel mlevufsjvl. Nf ijkdeýstjml in mktktlejk rnqujnrn fk nxmfusjýe prnvjk in ltrks plsjofns mkusks in nxmjtkmjýe psjmlbltlrk l in nstuplr, tkfns mlbl jetlxjmkmjlens, bnijmkbnetls ketjpsjmýtjmls l ketjinprnsjvls qun prliumne kmktjsjk0 l ojne bkeâk, fnsjýe enurlfýdjmk l nehnrbniki in Skr`jesle drkvn mle nstuplr psjmlbltrjz0 ksâ mlbl sâeirlbn enurlfêptjml bkfjdel, sâeirlbn in snrltlejek y slornilsjs in onezlijkmnpjeks. Fls trkstlrels in mlevnrsjýe tjnene ue mlbplenetn psjmlfýdjml, kinbës in rnbnikr nehnrbnikins lrdëejmks, mlbl fk mndunrk l fk pkrëfjsjs. ]je nbokrdl, fk ijstrjoumjýe kektýbjmk in fls sâetlbks sunfn rnhfnakr jdelrkemjk slorn fk nstrumturk inf lrdkejsbl. Ne mukfqujnr mksl, nf ijkdeýstjml ijhnrnemjkf rnqujnrn fk nxmfusjýe in nehnrbnikins lrdëejmks. Fks mlevufsjlens, sj el sle dnenrkfjzkiks in tjpl týejml-mfýejml, punine snr ijhâmjfns in ijhnrnemjkr in ltrks nehnrbnikins psjqujëtrjmks y lrdëejmks. Fk nvkfukmjýe in mukfqujnr tjpl in eunvl mlbplrtkbjnetl rkrl l nstnrnltjpkil nstnrnltjpkil inon jemfujr uek nxpflrkmjýe enurlfýdjmk y ue NND. Ne nf nstuijl in fls pkmjnetns ne fls qun sn slspnmgk fk nxjstnemjk in sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk kfmlgýfjmk gky qun rnkfjzkr prunoks in huemjýe gnpëtjmk y inf bntkolfjsbl in fk dfumlsk (pkrk insmkrtkr ijkontns bnffjtus), kinbës in uek ue k nxpflrkmjýe enurlfýdjmk.
O. ^rdnemjks qun enmnsjke glspjtkfjzkmjý glspjtkfjzkmjýe e u ltrl kplyl jestjtumjlekf Mukfqujnr pkmjnetn mle ue trkstlrel psjqujëtrjml qun snk pnfjdrlsl pkrk sâ bjsbl l pkrk fls inbës l muyl drkil in ijsmkpkmjtkmjýe el fn pnrbjtk mujikr in sâ bjsbl inon snr glspjtkfjzkil. Fls trjouekfns in austjmjk sn lmupkrëe in fks pnrsleks pnfjdrlsks mkrnetns in trkstlrels psjqujëtrjmls. Fk mleiumtk sujmjik inon snr nvkfukik plr nf rjnsdl plsjofn in sujmjijl mlesubkil0 ksâ puns, gkorë qun gkmnr ue mlbpfntl nstuijl psjqujëtrjml, mle uek mujikilsk nxpflrkmjýe inf nstkil bnetkf y uek intkffkik rnvjsjýe in fks mjrmuestkemjks qun rlinke kf mlbplrtkbjnetl sujmjik, ksâ mlbl fk ijsplejojfjiki l el inf lplrtuel kplyl slmjkf. Fk inmjsjýe in glspjtkfjzkr kf pkmjnetn sn oksk ne nf ijkdeýstjml, ksâ mlbl ne fk drkvniki in su inprnsjýe, insnspnrkezk y kdjtkmjýe, fk nxjstnemjk in ue netrkbkil slmjkf in kplyl y fk prnsnemjk l kusnemjk in ltrls hkmtlrns in rjnsdl, jemfujils fls ketnmninetns in jetnetls in sujmjijl, nf mlesubl kousjvl in irldks y fls hkmtlrns in nstrês rnmjnetns ne fk vjik inf suantl. Mukeil ue pkmjnetn mle ue trkstlrel bnetkf mkrnmn in mletrlf in sâ bjsbl, tjnen uek psjmlsjs l bunstrk jbpufsjvjiki mle kbnekzks drkvns y pneskbjnetls l pfkens hjrbns in sujmjil u glbjmjijl inon snr ktneijil ne ue netlrel sndurl y, sj ns enmnskrjl, snr glspjtkfjzkil mletrk su vlfuetki. Fks sjtukmjlens in rjnsdl in glbjmjijl el sn mlrrnfkmjleke enmnskrjkbnetn mle ue trkstlrel psjqujëtrjml. Ne fk ksjstnemjk in urdnemjks, ketn mukfqujnr pkmjnetn gky qun gkmnr uek mujikilsk nvkfukmjýe in fk pnfjdrlsjiki pkrk sâ bjsbl y pkrk fls inbës. Nf insmujil in fk prlpjk pnrslek punin plenr ne pnfjdrl k fls pkmjnetns psjmýtjmls, infjrketns l irldkijmtls, inojil k su jemkpkmjiki pkrk kokstnmnrsn in kfjbnetls, rlpk y ue tnmgl kinmukil. Fls pkmjnetns qun sn kokeileke k sâ bjsbls k mlesnmunemjk in su trkstlrel psjqujëtrjml y fls
nijtlrjkf } mnp
psjmýtjmls el vjlfnetls inone snr glspjtkfjzkils, pkrk nvjtkr qun su nstkil sn intnrjlrn plr hkftk in ksjstnemjk psjqujëtrjmk y mukeil el gky ltrks kftnrektjvks plsjofns. Fks mrjsjs psjmlslmjkfns punine snr nf bltjvl in qun fls pkmjnetns mle trkstlrels psjqujëtrjmls drkvns in fkrdk iurkmjýe, mkrnetns in ltrl tjpl in kplyl, ousqune kyuik ne fls snrvjmjls in urdnemjk. Nstls pkmjnetns sunfne tnenr nsmksk mkpkmjiki pkrk khrletkr fks sjtukmjlens psjmlslmjkfns nstrnsketns0 fks mrjsjs punine mlesjstjr ne mlehfjmtls mle fk hkbjfjk, nf mksnrl l ue mlbpkûnrl in pjsl, prlofnbks nmleýbjmls y slfniki ne dnenrkf. Ne nstls mksls, fks qunaks in tjpl nstrjmtkbnetn bêijml, mlbl kfumjekmjlens l jinks sujmjiks, punine snr nf prntnxtl pkrk mlesndujr ksjstnemjk pkrk ltrl tjpl in prlofnbks in âeilfn psjmlslmjkf.
M. ^rdnemjks qun enmnsjtke ue jetnrvnemjýe hkrbkmlfýdj hkrbkmlfýdjmk mk bâejbk Fls pkmjnetns qun sje tnenr ue trkstlrel psjqujëtrjml bkylr sn nemunetrke ne uek sjtukmjýe in mrjsjs qujzë enmnsjtne ue trktkbjnetl hkrbkmlfýdjml bâejbl l jemfusl ejedñe trktkbjnetl. Fls trkstlrels kikptktjvls punine rnqunrjr trktkbjnetl kboufktlrjl in mlrtk iurkmjýe. Inpneijneil in fls sâetlbks prnilbjeketns, punine uskrsn hërbkmls kesjlfâtjmls l ketjinprnsjvls iurketn ue ornvn pnrâlil in tjnbpl. Fls ketjinprnsjvls sunfne enmnsjtkr in ? k 9 snb pkrk rniumjr fls sâetlbks y plr tketl el punine uskrsn sje ue pfke in trktkbjnetl mllrijekil k mlrtl pfkzl. Mle hrnmunemjk, uel in fls loantjvls inf trktkbjnetl ns rnstkofnmnr ue pktrýe in sunûl elrbkf. Fls trkstlrels in pnrslekfjiki olrinrfjen u ltrls trkstlrels in pnrslekfjiki punine prlvlmkr sâetlbks psjmýtjmls trkesjtlrjls, jbpufsls sujmjiks l mlbplrtkbjnetl kdrnsjvl jbpufsjvl. ^ek vnz ffndkils kf snrvjmjl in urdnemjks, k vnmns fls pkmjnetns ejndke sus kmtls l tjneine k rnstkr jbplrtkemjk y rnmfkbke nf kftk jebnijktk in hlrbk pnrnetlrjk. Dnenrkfbnetn el mlevjnen jejmjkr ue trktkbjnetl hkrbkmlfýdjml ne nf inpkrtkbnetl in urdnemjks0 ns bnalr qun fl jestkurn ue psjqujktrk inspuês in bketnenr okal losnrvkmjýe kf pkmjnetn nf tjnbpl enmnskrjl y gkonr gnmgl fks nvkfukmjlens lplrtueks.
Ne mksls in vjlfkmjýe u ltrl tjpl in in kdrnsjýe hâsjmk, k fks fks vâmtjbks sunfn snrfns onenhjmjlsl pkskr uek nvkfukmjýe psjmlfýdjmk y sndujr ue trktkbjnetl mlrtl, qun jemfuyk bnijmkmjýe kesjlfâtjmk. Fls snrvjmjls in urdnemjk ijsplene in prlhnsjlekfns nspnmjkfjzkils ne mrjsjs plr kdrnsjýe hâsjmk l vjlfkmjýe, qun sn nemkrdke in kmlbpkûkr y ikr kplyl k fk vâmtjbk iurketn nf prlmnijbjnetl fndkf, kinbës in dnstjlekr nf sndujbjnetl tnrkpêutjml.
I. ^rdnemjk ^rdnemjkss qun enmnsjtke ue trktkbjne trktkbjnetl tl hkrbkmlfýdjml bkylr Fls bnijmkbnetls prnsmrjtls ne nf bkrml in fk ksjstnemjk in urdnemjks inone snr kibjejstrkils mle mkutnfk n jr ijrjdjils nspnmâhjmkbnetn k fls sâetlbks. ]j ns plsjofn gky qun intnrbjekr fk ntjlfldâk in fk kftnrkmjýe bnetkf ketns in ikr fk bnijmkmjýe. El lostketn, k vnmns ns enmnskrjl kibjejstrkr bnijmkmjýe in jebnijktl pkrk hrnekr ue mlbplrtkbjnetl insmletrlfkil. Fk mleiumtk kdrnsjvk inon snr mletrlfkik pkrk nvjtkr fnsjlens k fls inbës. Sunin snr enmnskrjl ktkr k uek pnrslek kdjtkik, pnrl sýfl fl gkrë nf pnrslekf nspnmjkfbnetn netrnekil k nhnmtls in prltndnr prltndnr fls inrnmgls y fk sndurjiki inf pkmjnetn. Fls bnijmkbnetls pkrk rniumjr k ue pkmjnetn vjlfnetl punine kibjejstrkrsn sje mlesnetjbjnetl in êstn.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Fk psjmlsjs kduik mle kdjtkmjýe, ns inmjr, mle mlbplrtkbjnetl kdrnsjvl l vjlfnetl, ns ue tjpl mlrrjnetn in urdnemjk psjqujëtrjmk. Hrnmunetnbnetn, ketns inf ijkdeýstjml inhjejtjvl gkmn hkftk ue trktkbjnetl sjetlbëtjml. Fls pkmjnetns mle psjmlsjs kduik rnqujnrne glspjtkfjzkmjýe l trktkbjnetl ne ue drupl in mrjsjs ne ue pjsl tutnfkil u ltrk kftnrektjvk kf glspjtkf sj sn auzdk qun suplene pnfjdrl pkrk sâ bjsbls l pkrk fls inbës. Nf ijkdeýstjml gkojtukf ne nstls pkmjnetns ns nf in trkstlrel ojplfkr J, nsqujzlhrnejk, trkstlrel psjmýtjml ornvn, inbnemjk infjrketn y mlesubl kousjvl, jetlxjmkmjýe plr sustkemjks l sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk. Nf trkstlrel ojplfkr J punin murskr mlbl bkeâk l mlbl inprnsjýe bkylr. Mle hrnmunemjk ns enmnskrjl ue bnijmkbnetl ketjpsjmýtjml pkrk mletrlfkr fls sâetlbks bkeâkmls kduils. Fls nstkojfjzkilrns inf nstkil in ëejbl, mlbl nf fjtjl, fk mkrokbkznpjek y nf vkfprlktl, rnqujnrne vkrjks snbkeks pkrk elrbkfjzkr nf tlel keâbjml, pnrl kinbës sle nhjmkmns k tâtufl prlhjfëmtjml. Ne pkmjnetns mle trkstlrel ojplfkr nf trktkbjnetl mle ketjinprnsjvls inon kmlbpkûkrsn in ue nstkojfjzkilr inf nstkil in ëejbl pkrk prnvnejr fk bkeâk jeiumjik plr fls ketjinprnsjvls. Ne fk nsqujzlhrnejk punin gkonr nxkmnrokmjlens kduiks l rnmkâiks0 ne ne nf >3% in fls mksls kprlxjbkikbnetn sn inone k qun fls pkmjnetns mle nsqujzlhrnejk el mubpfne nf trktkbjnetl in bketnejbjnetl. ]unfne snr ffkbktjvls fls sâetlbks plsjtjvls (kfumjekmjlens, pêrijik in kslmjkmjlens, mlbplrtkbjnetl nxtrkûl y infjrjl). Skrk mletrlfkr fk kdjtkmjýe ne fls pkmjnetns mle nsqujzlhrnejk ketns sn koldkok plr nf trktkbjnetl rëpjil mle ilsjs nfnvkiks in ketjpsjmýtjmls (enurlfnptjzkmjýe). ]je nbokrdl el nxjstn uejhlrbjiki in mrjtnrjls kf rnsnmtl. Fls ketjpsjmýtjmls ktâpjmls (p. na., rjspnrjilek, lfkezkpjek, quntjkpjek y zjprksjilek) tjnene ue pnrhjf in nhnmtls snmueikrjls rnfktjvkbnetn onejdel, qun kplyk su nbpfnl ne fls trktkbjnetls in bketnejbjnetl0 el lostketn, kf el nxjstjr hlrbks in kibjejstrkmjýe plr vâk j.b., su kpfjmkmjýe ne sjtukmjlens in urdnemjk sn vn buy fjbjtkik. Nf trkstlrel psjmýtjml ornvn sn trktk jdukf qun uek nxkmnrokmjýe kduik in nsqujzlhrnejk, kuequn sunfne enmnsjtkrsn ilsjs bës okaks in bnijmkbnetl. Nf infjrjub sn trktk mle blijhjmkmjlens blijhjmkmjlens inf netlrel qun kyuine kyuine kf pkmjnetn k lrjnetkrsn lrjnetkrsn y mle bnijmkbnetls.Nf hërbkml in nfnmmjýe sunfn snr nf gkflpnrjilf ne ilsjs okaks (3,> k ? bd). Nf flrkznpkb, ne ilsjs in 3,> k ? bd, punin rniumjr fk kdjtkmjýe y ns prnhnrjofn mukeil fk mkusk ns ue sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk in sustkemjks. Fls bnijmkbnetls ketjmlfjeêrdjmls (p. na., fk onezltrlpjek) inone uskrsn mle prnmkumjýe ne pkmjnetns infjrketns, nspnmjkfbnetn kemjkels, yk qun punine prliumjr tlxjmjiki (psjmlsjs ktrlpâejmk). Fls pkmjnetns mle inbnemjk inbnemjk qujzë prnsnetne ue nstkil in kdjtkmjýe kdjtkmjýe snmueikrjl k ue infjrjl pkrkeljin, qun punin prlvlmkr rnkmmjlens mktkstrýhjmks l murskr mle uek nehnrbniki lrdëejmk kûkijik qun mkusk infjrjub. Mlbl nstls pkmjnetns sle subkbnetn snesjofns k fls nhnmtls snmueikrjls, fls hërbkmls inone uskrsn ne fks ilsjs bës okaks. Nf pkmjnetn punin enmnsjtkr glspjtkfjzkmjýe pkrk nstkojfjzkrsn ne mksl in qun el snk hkmtjofn mletrlfkrfl ne rêdjbne kboufktlrjl. Ne sjtukmjlens in mlbplrtkbjnetl kdrnsjvl punin kibjejstrkrsn prlprkelflf, mkrokbkznpjek, jegjojilrns snfnmtjvls in fk rnmkptkmjýe in snrltlejek l ouspjrlek. Fk jetlxjmkmjýe plr sustkemjks y nf sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk punine prnsnetkrsn ne kslmjkmjýe mle ue trkstlrel psjqujëtrjml l mlbl prjbnr sâetlbk in prnsnetkmjýe in fk nehnrbniki. Fks sustkemjks qun mle bkylr hrnmunemjk prlvlmke ue mlbplrtkbjnetl kdrnsjvl sle fk hnemjmfjijek (SMS), fk mlmkâek y nf kfmlglf. Fls pkmjnetns jetlxjmkils mle SMS inone snr bketnejils ne losnrvkmjýe ne uek gkojtkmjýe gkoj tkmjýe sndurk, k skfvl in nstâbufls. Ne mksls vjlfnetls punin snr enmnskrjk fk rnstrjmmjýe hâsjmk l fk snikmjýe. Nf trktkbjnetl rnmlbneikil pkrk trktkr fk kdjtkmjýe ns in ? k 9 bd in flrkznpkb l in ;3 k ?3 bd in ijkznpkb plr v.l.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Fls pkmjnetns kijmtls k fk mlmkâek qun k fk vnz mlesubne ue jegjojilr in fk blelkbjelxjiksk u ltrls psjmlnstjbufketns mlrrne nf rjnsdl in suhrjr mrjsjs gjpnrtnesjvks. Skrk trktkr fk psjmlsjs pkrkeljin l fks rnmkâiks in fk nsqujzlhrnejk snmueikrjks kf mlesubl in mlmkâek punin utjfjzkrsn gkflpnrjilf. Mfâejmkbnetn, nf sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk in okrojtñrjmls y in ltrls sniketns n gjpeýtjmls (jemfujiks fks onezlijkmnpjeks) ns sjbjfkr kf inf kfmlglf. Mukeil fls sâetlbks sle drkvns, fl bës sndurl ns nf trktkbjnetl glspjtkfkrjl, lofjdkil mukeil nf pkmjnetn nstë hnorjf (5=7,= ±M), el prnsnetk rntnemjýe
in fâqujils qun nvjtn fk insgjirktkmjýe l pkinmn uek nehnrbniki lrdëejmk drkvn. Nf sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk in kfmlglf punin plenr ne pnfjdrl fk vjik0 tkbojêe punine prliumjrsn mlevufsjlens. Nf infjrjub trnbnes, ue sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk qun sn jejmjk inetrl in fls 4 i sjdujnetns k fk suprnsjýe inf kfmlglf (gkojtukfbnetn k fks ?9-4?g), mlestjtuyn uek urdnemjk bêijmk qun inon trktkrsn urdnetnbnetn. Ykbojêe punin prliumjrsn jetlxjmkmjýe plr slornilsjs in bnijmkbnetls in prnsmrjpmjýe. ]j nf pkmjnetn gk jednrjil uek ilsjs týxjmk pnrl nstë mlesmjnetn, nf trktkbjnetl mlesjstn ne jeiumjr nf výbjtl y kibjejstrkr mkroýe kmtjvkil. Fk slornilsjs in ketjinprnsjvls trjmâmfjmls l in mkrokbkznpjek rnqujnrn mletrlf mkriâkml0 fk in okrojtñrjmls l onezlijkmnpjeks y kfmlglf punin prlvlmkr pkrkik rnspjrktlrjk. Fls hërbkmls ketjpsjmýtjmls, tketl k ilsjs tnrkpêutjmks mlbl týxjmks, punine prliumjr nhnmtls snmueikrjls nxtrkpjrkbjikfns kduils, jemfuyneil ijstleâk, mrjsjs lmufýdjrk, tlrtâmlfjs y kmjensjk. Fk kmktjsjk ns ue nhnmtl snmueikrjl mlrrjnetn in fls ketjpsjmýtjmls in drke pltnemjk0 mukeil ns drkvn sn kmlbpkûk in kesjniki l tnrrlr ne drkil subl. Fk kpkrjmjýe kduik in ijstleâk lmufýdjrk u lrlhkmjkf ne uek pnrslek skek kpuetk k fk jednstjýe, vlfuetkrjk l kmmjinetkf, in ue ketjpsjmýtjml. Nf sâeirlbn enurlfêptjml bkfjdel ns uek rnkmmjýe gjpnrbntkoýfjmk k fls ketkdlejstks in fk ilpkbjek, tkfns mlbl hneltjkzjeks y outjrlhneleks. ]unfn prliumjrsn kf prjemjpjl inf trktkbjnetl y rkrk vnz ne nf trktkbjnetl in bketnejbjnetl. ]n losnrvk gkstk ne nf =% in fls pkmjnetns qun mlbjnezke trktkbjnetl mle ketjpsjmýtjmls. Fk oksn hjsjlpktlfýdjmk pkrnmn inonrsn k oflqunl in fls rnmnptlrns mnetrkfns in ilpkbjek. Fls sjdels mkrkmtnrâstjmls sle rjdjinz busmufkr, gjpnrpjrnxjk, tkqujmkrijk, gjpnrtnesjýe, tkqujpenk, kftnrkmjlens inf nstkil bnetkf y ijshuemjýe inf sjstnbk enrvjlsl kutýelbl. Fks kelbkfâks in fkolrktlrjl sle kmjilsjs rnspjrktlrjk y bntkoýfjmk, bjldflojeurjk, mrnktjemjeksk nfnvkik y fnumlmjtlsjs. Fk blrtkfjiki rleik nf =3%. Fk mleiumtk tnrkpêutjmk jemfuyn fk suprnsjýe in fls bnijmkbnetls ketjpsjmýtjmls, fk tnrkpjk in kplyl y nf trktkbjnetl neêrdjml in fk bjldflojeurjk, fk hjnorn y fk kmjilsjs. Mlbl rnfkaketn busmufkr punin uskrsn orlblmrjptjek, kdlejstk in fk ilpkbjek, ne ilsjs in ?,> k ?3 bd mkik 7 g, l iketrlfnel, gkstk ;3 bd/`d j.v. mkik 9 g. Fk gjpnrtnrbjk bkfjdek, jeiumjik plr jegkfkmjýe in kenstêsjmls pltnetns l in summjejfmlfjek, ns mfâejmkbnetn sjbjfkr kf sâeirlbn enurlfêptjml bkfjdel. Mukeil gky qun kenstnsjkr k pkmjnetns mle sâeirlbn enurlfêptjml bkfjdel inone nvjtkrsn fls kdnetns qun prlvlmke gjpnrtnrbjk bkfjdek, kuequn el sn gkyk rndjstrkil su kpkrjmjýe ne ijmgls pkmjnetns ej ne sus hkbjfjkrns.
N. Mlesjinrkmjlens Mlesjinrkmjlens fndkfns Ne fk bkylrâk in fls nstkils, mukeil ue pkmjnetn nxprnsk fk jetnemjýe in gkmnr ikûl k uek intnrbjekik pnrslek, sn rnqujnrn qun nf bêijml qun nvkfñk pledk slorn kvjsl k fk supunstk vâmtjbk y fl eltjhjqun k ue lrdkejsbl nspnmâhjml. Fks rndfkbnetkmjlens nstktkfns tkbojêe nxjdne qun sn jehlrbn ne mksl in slspnmgk in kousl in bnelrns, kemjkels y mýeyudns.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Fls mrjtnrjls y fls prlmnijbjnetls prlmnijbjnetls pkrk fk glspjtkfjzkmjýe jevlfuetkrjk jevlfuetkrjk vkrâke sndñe fk aurjsijmmjýe. Dnenrkfbnetn ue bêijml l ue psjmýfldl inone mnrtjhjmkr qun nf pkmjnetn pkinmn ue trkstlrel psjqujëtrjml, ns pnfjdrlsl pkrk sâ bjsbl l pkrk fls inbës y sn ejndk k rnmjojr trktkbjnetl
H. Kolrikan y bnijiks in sndurjiki Inon mletnenrsn ne muketl qun fl prjbnrl ns skfvkdukrikr fk prlpjk jetndrjiki, y fk in fls bjnborls inf nqujpl. Bketnenr sjnbprn fk ijstkemjk in sndurjiki y vâks in skfjik kojnrtks, ksâ mlbl qunikrsn in pjn. ]lfjmjtkr fk kyuik in mnfkilrns, bjnborls in sndurjiki, plfjmâks, y bnalr ne fls prjbnrls blbnetls. Nstl ns in vjtkf jbplrtkemjk hunrk in fls glspjtkfns, slorn tlil ne Mnetrls in ]kfui, kboufktlrjls, ne fk vâk pñofjmk l ne ilbjmjfjls. K vnmns fk slfk prnsnemjk in pnrsleks in vkrjls nstkbnetls, okstk pkrk mletnenr okstketn kf pkmjnetn y mlbnezkr k mlfkolrkr mle êf, el sjneil enmnskrjl kmtukr kmtjvkbnetn slorn êf. Fk skfk inon snr fl suhjmjnetnbnetn kbpfjk, fjorn in loantls mletueinetns, mle ils skfjiks y sje mnrrlals jetnrjlrns, nvjtkeil pksjffls, rnmlvnmls l rjemlens pñofjmls, utjfjzkeil uek skfk mýblik y kbpfjk pkrk ijsbjeujr fk nstjbufkmjýe sneslrjkf y nvjtkr k fls murjlsls l ojne neskfzkr fk glstjfjiki y fk vjlfnemjk vj lfnemjk mlbpkrtjik mle bës vjlfnemjk y kdrnsjvjiki.
k. Mletnemjýe vnrokf Ns nf prjbnr pksl inetrl in tlil prlmnsl, sjrvn tkbojêe pkrk rnmldnr jehlrbkmjýe y hjfjkr nf mukirl, losnrvkeil nf ijsmursl, fk fumjinz in mlemjnemjk, nf mukirl in mlbprnesjýe. Fk prnsnemjk in ltrls sjdels in jetlxjmkmjýe (lflr, kspnmtls, ntm.) Ketns in nbpnzkr fk mletnemjýe vnrokf, sj sn punin, sn inon rnmkokr jehlrbkmjýe in fls hkbjfjkrns, mujikilrns l pnrslekf qun gkyk mlevjvjil blbnetls ketnrjlrns mle nf pkmjnetn y fl mlelzmke. Ne kfdueks lmksjlens inskpkrnmn fk vjlfnemjk, slfl mle snpkrkr nf loantl l mkusk in fk bjsbk (hkbjfjkrns, mlbpkûnrls, hunrzks in sndurjiki, ntm.). Inonbls ijrjdjrels kf pkmjnetn in hlrbk niumkik, ne tlel okal, mle sndurjiki y hjrbnzk, blstrëeilfn jetnrês plr su prlofnbk, nsmumgëeilfn, lhrnmjêeilfn kyuik y mlbprnesjýe. ]j els dkekbls su mlehjkezk bnalr, prnduetkrfn plr munstjlens rnfktjvks kf prlofnbk kmtukf y insvjkeil y ijstrkyêeilfn inf hlml in ktnemjýe jrrjtketn u glstjf. ]j fk mletnemjýe vnrokf el prldrnsk l el ns ñtjf pkrk mletrlfkr su mukirl in kdjtkmjýe sn inon utjfjzkr fk mletnemjýe hkrbkmlfýdjmk y/l fk bnmëejmk.
o. Mletnemjýe bnmëejmk ]n trktk in ue prlmnijbjnetl mlesjstnetn ne rnstrjedjr fls blvjbjnetls inf pkmjnetn y qun vk nemkbjekil, ne nf mksl in ue pkmjnetn kdjtkil, k ijsbjeujr fls rjnsdls in kutl l gntnrlkdrnsjvjiki, l jbpnijr fk bkejpufkmjýe in ltrks bnijiks tnrkpêutjmks.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
]n inon kpfjmkr sjnbprn qun sn ine mjrmuestkemjks qun fl jeijqune y su jeijmkmjýe inon rnkfjzkrfk nf bêijml rnspleskofn. Nehnrbnrâk punin rnkfjzkr uek suanmjýe ne mksl in urdnemjk, ne nvjtkmjýe in ikûls y inonrë mlbuejmkr in jebnijktl kf bêijml pkrk qun êstn rktjhjqun plr nsmrjtl fk inmjsjýe, l el. Ne fls mksls in kdjtkmjýe psjqujëtrjmk, sn inon kpfjmkr plr mlrtls pnrjlils, gkstk qun fk mletnemjýe hkrbkmlfýdjmk snk nhjmkz y nhnmtjvk. Inon rnkfjzkrsn plr tlil nf pnrslekf skejtkrjl ijsplejofn, ns uek têmejmk buy hrnmunetn ne psjqujktrâk. Nf eñbnrl in pnrsleks jiýenl pkrk rnkfjzkr nf prlmnsl in mletnemjýe bnmëejmk in hlrbk kinmukik, sle > pnrsleks. ^ek vnz rnkfjzkik fk mletnemjýe bnmëejmk, sn inon vjdjfkr mkik mjnrtl pnrjlil in tjnbpl, prltlmlfjzkil ne mkik mnetrl l plr jeijmkmjýe bêijmk1 - Mlestketns vjtkfns. - Kpkrjmjýe in ninbks. - ]uilrkmjýe nxmnsjvk. - Ilflr. - Ejvnf in mlemjnemjk. - Ijurnsjs. Kspnmtls fndkfns in fk mletnemjýe bnmëejmk. Fk drke bkylrâk in fls pkmjnetns mle jedrnsl vlfuetkrjl qun suhrne ue mukirl in kdjtkmjýe, pkske, ne fk bkylrâk in fls mksls, k snr rnmlevnrtjils ne jedrnsls jevlfuetkrjls mle fks mlesnmunemjks fndkfns qun nstl mleffnvk, plr fl qun inonrë mlbuejmkrsn kf auzdkil ne ue pfkzl el supnrjlr k ?9 glrks. Nf pnrslekf inon skonr qun nf pkmjnetn tjnen inrnmgl k fk mlehjinemjkfjiki in tlil su prlmnsl y k qun sn dkrketjmn su jetjbjiki y fk ksjstnemjk pfnek y in mkfjiki k fl fkrdl in su jetnrekbjnetl. ]j iurketn fks bkejlorks in suanmjýe sn lmksjlekrke kfdñe tjpl in fnsjlens plr pkrtn inf pkmjnetn l in fls jbpfjmkils ne fk tnrkpjk, sn inonrë rnkfjzkr ue pkrtn in fnsjlens bêijmks pkrk plstnrjlrns kmtls aurâijmls sj sn prnmjsksn y gkmnrfl mlestkr ne fk gjstlrjk inf pkmjnetn.
m. Mletnemjýe hkrbkmlfýdj hkrbkmlfýdjmk mk Slr rndfk dnenrkf, êstk sunfn snr ne hlrbk in jeynmtkofn, kuequn ne kfduels mksls, sn kmnptk tlbkr bnijmkmjýe lrkf. Skutks1 Jejmjkfbnetn sn lhrnmnrë fk vâk lrkf, inakeil fk vâk pkrnetnrkf pkrk pkmjnetns drkvns l el mlfkolrkilrns. Fls hërbkmls bës utjfjzkils sle fls ketjpsjmýtjmls (sjeldke), onezlijkmnpjeks (trkexjfjub) y mflrbntjkzlf (ijstrkenurjen) utjfjzkil ne nspnmjkf ne fk kostjenemjk in kfmlglf. Yrâl1 Ksâ inelbjekbls k ue mlmtnf in bnijmkbnetls qun sn jeynmtke j eynmtke ne mksl enmnskrjl pkrk fldrkr fk mletnemjýe inf pkmjnetn kdjtkil. ]n sunfne utjfjzkr uek mlbojekmjýe in ils ketjpsjmýtjmls y ue ketjmlfjeêrdjml (sjeldke + gkflpnrjilf + k`jentýe)
nijtlrjkf } mnp
=. MLEI^MYK] KIJMYJXK KIJMYJXK] ] =.; Dnenrkfjikins Insin nf puetl in vjstk in qun fks tlxjmlbkeâks mlestjtuyne ue hneýbnel slmjkf in nelrbns ijbnesjlens, sn tjnen ne munetk nf gnmgl in fls jetnrnsns nmleýbjmls qun nxjstne kfrninilr in fks irldks sle buy jbplrtketns. ]jnbprn sn gk ikil fk tneinemjk in ijstjedujr netrn fks irldks jestjtumjlekfjzkiks (tkokml y kfmlglf) y fks el jestjtumjlekfjzkiks. Fks irldks el jestjtumjlekfjzkiks bunvne drkeins mketjikins in ijenrl ne nf bnrmkil endrl, pnrl fks jestjtumjlekfjzkiks bunvne mketjikins in ijenrl kñe bkylrns, y ne fk nmlelbâk in fls pkâsns sle hueikbnetkfns, tjnene ue drke pnsl inetrl in fk nmlelbâk, plr fl qun mlestjtuyne ue drupl in prnsjýe nelrbn. Slsjofnbnetn ikils fls jetnrnsns nmleýbjmls qun sn bunvne kfrninilr in nstn tjpl in irldks, fks kibjejstrkmjlens el gkyke sjil gkstk kglrk bës neêrdjmks ne sus mkbpkûks1 rnstrjmmjlens ne fk puofjmjiki, fjbjtkmjýe in i n fudkrns y glrkrjls in vnetk y ue kubnetl in fls jbpunstls j bpunstls slorn nstls prliumtls. Ylil nstl mle nf loantjvl in ijsbjeujr fls mlstns slmjl-skejtkrjls in fks irldks ―fndkfns‖ (Niwkris nt kf, ;::9). Slr ltrl fkil, ne muketl k fk prnvnemjýe in fks irldks ―jfndkfns‖, fk bkylrâk in fks vnmns sn rnkfjzk sje tnenr ne munetk fks irldks ―fndkfns‖, kuequn ns kfdl prlokil qun nxjstn uek drke jetnrrnfkmjýe netrn kbols tjpls in irldks.
=.? Mlemnptls Kijmmjýe ns fk kmtjvjiki mlbpufsjvk y fk jbpfjmkmjýe nxmnsjvk ne uek kmtjvjiki nspnmâhjmk. Sunin snr nf aundl l punin rnhnrjrsn kf usl in mksj mukfqujnr sustkemjk, mlbl uek irldk. Sunin mkuskr inpneinemjk psjmlfýdjmk l ojne inpneinemjk psjmlfýdjmk y hâsjmk. Fk inpneinemjk psjmlfýdjmk sn oksk ne nf insnl in mletjeukr rnkfjzkeil fk kmtjvjiki l mlesubjneil uek sustkemjk elmjvk plr pfkmnr l pkrk rniumjr fk tnesjýe y nvjtkr ue bkfnstkr. Kmtñke ne nf mnrnorl y tjnene uel l bës in fls sjdujnetns nhnmtls1 - _niumjr fk kesjniki y fk tnesjýe. - Mkuskr kfndrâk, nuhlrjk u ltrls mkbojls pfkmnetnrls inf gublr. gublr. - Srlvlmkr jbprnsjýe in kubnetl in fk mkpkmjiki mkpkmjiki bnetkf bnetkf y hâsjmk. - Kftnrkr fk pnrmnpmjýe. Sunin snr buy plinrlsk y buy ijhâmjf in supnrkr. Skrk fls kijmtls, fk kmtjvjiki rnfkmjlekik mle fks irldks ffndk k snr uek pkrtn tke drkein in fk vjik ijkrjk qun fk kijmmjýe jetnrhjnrn dnenrkfbnetn ne fk mkpkmjiki in trkokakr, nstuijkr l in rnfkmjlekrsn elrbkfbnetn mle fk hkbjfjk y kbjdls. Ne fk inpneinemjk drkvn, fls pneskbjnetls y fks kmtjvjikins inf kijmtl nstëe ijrjdjiks prnilbjeketnbnetn k lotnenr y tlbkr irldk, y pkrk nffl, punine bnetjr y rlokr. Yjnen ijhjmuftkins pkrk kokeilekr fk irldk, y k bneuil vunfvne k nffk trks pnrjlils in kostjenemjk. Kfdueks irldks mkuske inpneinemjk hâsjmk (nf lrdkejsbl rnmfkbk f k sustkemjk bnijketn fk kpkrjmjýe in sâetlbks hâsjmls qun trkiumne ue nstkil in mkrnemjk), pnrl êstk el sn kmlbpkûk sjnb-
nijtlrjkf } mnp
prn in inpneinemjk psjmlfýdjmk. Nf munrpl sn kikptk k nffks mukeil sn uske in blil mletjeukil, mleiumjneil k fk tlfnrkemjk y k sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk mukeil sn inak in mlesubjr. INSNEINEMJK S]JMLFÝDJMK1
HË_BKML1
Inprnslrns (ijsbjeujilrns) Kfmlglf ]J Ekrmýtjmls ]J Jeiumtlrns inf sunûl (gjpeý]J tjmls) Onezlijkmnpjeks (hërbkmls ]J mletrk fk kesjniki) ]lfvnetns vlfëtjfns ]J Ejtrjtls vlfëtjfns Slsjofnbnetn Nstjbufketns (kubnetkilrns) Kehntkbjek ]J Bntkehntkbjek (spnni) ]J Êxtksjs, ntm. ]J Mlmkâek ]J SMS, Slfvl In ëednf ]J Kfumjeýdnels F]I ]J Bkrjgukek ]J Bnzmkfjek ]J
INSNEINEMJK HÂ]JMK1 ]j ]J ]J ]J Slsjofnbnetn Slsjofnbnetn EL ]J ]J ]J ]J ]J Slsjofnbnetn Slsjofnbnetn Slsjofnbnetn
Hërbkmls qun punine prliumjr inpneinemjk
=.= Irldks K. Mlemnptl ]ndñe fk LB], irldk ns tlik sustkemjk qun jetrliumjik je trliumjik ne ue lrdkejsbl vjvl plr mukfqujnr vâk (jegkfkmjýe, jednstjýe, jetrkbusmufkr, neilvnelsk), ns mkpkz in kmtukr slorn nf sjstnbk enrvjlsl mnetrkf, prlvlmkeil uek kftnrkmjýe hâsjmk y/l psjmlfýdjmk, fk nxpnrjbnetkmjýe in eunvks sneskmjlens l fk blijhjmkmjýe in ue nstkil psâqujml, ns inmjr, mkpkz in mkbojkr nf mlbplrtkbjnetl in fk pnrslek, y qun plsnn fk mkpkmjiki in dnenrkr inpneinemjk y tlfnrkemjk ne sus mlesubjilrns. _nñene fks sjdujnetns mkrkmtnrâstjmks1 - ^ek vnz jetrliumjiks ne eunstrl lrdkejsbl, lrdkejsbl, sn ijrjdne kf mnrnorl, mnrnorl, muyl muyl nmlsjstnbk nmlsjstnbk blijhjmke in bkenrk vkrjkofn. - ]u usl rndufkr punin dnenrkr prlmnsls mlelmjils mlbl1 - Ylfnrkemjk1 k bnijik qun nf nf lrdkejsbl sn vk kikptkeil kikptkeil k fk prnsnemjk rndufkr rndufkr in fk sustkemjk, sn enmnsjtk uek bkylr mketjiki pkrk prliumjr fls bjsbls nhnmtls. - Inpneinemjk1 trks trks ue usl gkojtukf, fk pnrslek enmnsjtk mlesubjr fk sustkemjk in qun sn trktn pkrk el nxpnrjbnetkr sâetlbks in kostjenemjk, y/l pkrk khrletkr fk vjik mltjijkek.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- ]u kousl punin prlvlmkr ijhnrnetns tjpls in trkstlrels1 - Yrkstlrels hâsjmls1 mukeil ikûke nf lrdkejsbl (orlequjtjs mrýejmk mrýejmk mkuskik plr nf tkokml) - Yrkstlrels psjmlfýdjmls1 mukeil mukeil jemjine endktjvkbnetn slorn fk rnfkmjýe in fk pnrslek mlesjdl bjsbk l mle su netlrel khnmtjvl (mlehfjmtls in pkrnak plr kousl inf kfmlglf) - Yrkstlrels slmjkfns1 mukeil jbpkmtke jbpkmtke slorn fk mlbuejiki (Kmmjinetns in trëhjml trëhjml prlvlmkils prlvlmkils plr mleiumjr okal fls nhnmtls in fks irldks) Fks irldks el mlestjtuyne uek rnkfjiki ñejmk, sjel qun nstëe mkrkmtnrjzkiks plr uek eltkofn ijvnrsjiki. Zk gk qunikil ktrës fk bnemjýe k fk irldk, nxprnsjýe qun el ik jehlrbkmjýe ej rnspnmtl k sustkemjks, ej rnspnmtl k rjnsdls k mlesubjilrns, ntm. Gky tketks y tke vkrjkiks sustkemjks qun ns prnmjsl gkofkr in fks irldks, ne pfurkf.
O. Mfksjhjm Mfksjhjmkmjýe kmjýe Skrk gkmnrels uek jink bës rnkf inf hneýbnel, fks mfksjhjmkrnbls ne rnfkmjýe mle su prjemjpkf nhnmtl slorn nf mnrnorl1 - Inprnslrks inf ]EM1 tjnene ne mlbñe su mkpkmjiki pkrk netlrpnmnr nf huemjlekbjnetl huemjlekbjnetl gkojtukf inf mnrnorl, prlvlmkeil rnkmmjlens qun punine jr insin fk insjegjojmjýe gkstk nf mlbk, ne ue prlmnsl prldrnsjvl in kilrbnmjbjnetl ki lrbnmjbjnetl mnrnorkf. Fks bës jbplrtketns sle1 ´
Kfmlglf.
´
Lpjëmnls. Gnrlâek, blrhjek, bntkilek, ntm.
´
Yrkequjfjzketns1 pkstjffks pkrk mkfbkr fk kesjniki.
´
Gjpeýtjmls1 pkstjffks pkrk ilrbjr.
- Nstjbufketns inf ]EM1 kmnfnrke nf huemjlekbjnetl gkojtukf inf mnrnorl, prlvlmkeil ue nstkil in kmtjvkmjýe qun punin jr insin uek bkylr ijhjmuftki pkrk ilrbjr trks nf mlesubl in mkhê, gkstk ue nstkil in gjpnrkmtjvjiki trks nf mlesubl in mlmkâek l kehntkbjeks. Instkmke1 ´
Nstjbufketns bkylrns1 kehntkbjeks y mlmkâek.
´
Nstjbufketns bnelrns1 ejmltjek.
´
Wketjeks1 mkhnâek, tnlorlbjek, ntm.
- Snrturokilrks inf ]EM1 trkstlreke nf huemjlekbjnetl inf mnrnorl, mnrnorl, ikeil fudkr k ijstlrsjlens pnrmnptjvks, kfumjekmjlens, ntm. ´
Kfumjeýdnels1 F]I, ntm.
´
Inrjvkils inf mkeekojs1 gkmgâs, bkrjgukek, ntm.
´
Irldks in sâetnsjs1 êxtksjs, ntm.
Fk prjemjpkf mkrkmtnrâstjmk mlbñe k tliks fks irldks ns fk psjmlkmtjvjiki, ns inmjr, su mkpkmjiki pkrk ffndkr kf mnrnorl y blijhjmkr su huemjlekbjnetl. Fks irldks sn punine mlesubjr plr vkrjks vâks1 Hubkik, Jednrjik, Kspjrkik, Jegkfkik l Jeynmtkik.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Zk snk uek u ltrk fk f k vâk nfndjik, nf instjel hjekf in fk sustkemjk sjnbprn ns nf mnrnorl inf mlesubjilr, kf qun ffndk k trkvês in fk skedrn. ^ek vnz ne su instjel, mkik sustkemjk prliumn p rliumn kftnrkmjlens nspnmâhjmks.
M. ^sl. Kousl y Inpneinemjk Mlesubjr irldk el fn mlevjnrtn k uel kutlbëtjmkbnetn ne irldkijmtl. Slr ltrl fkil, nf mlesubl in irldks ne nf qun el gkyk inpneinemjk el ns enmnskrjkbnetn jelhnesjvl.
k. ^sl Ns kqunffk rnfkmjýe mle fks irldks ne fk qun, tketl plr su mketjiki, mlbl plr su hrnmunemjk y plr fk prlpjk sjtukmjýe hâsjmk, psâqujmk y slmjkf inf suantl, el sn prliumne mlesnmunemjks endktjvks slorn nf mlesubjilr ej slorn su netlrel. Ns prnmjsl khjekr bumgl ketns in vkflrkr mlbl usl uek intnrbjekik hlrbk in mlesubl. El okstk slfl fk hrnmunemjk, plrqun plirâke ikrsn mlesubls nsplrëijmls ne fls qun nf suantl kouskrk rltueikbnetn in fk sustkemjk. Ykbplml plinbls ktneinr sýfl k fk mketjiki, yk qun plirâk gkonr mlesubls ne kpkrjnemjk el nxmnsjvls, pnrl rnpntjils mle tketk hrnmunemjk qun nstkrâk sudjrjneil kfduek hlrbk in inpneinemjk. El ns kanel k nstn prlmnsl nf nstkil ne nf qun sn nemunetrn nf mlesubjilr, yk qun, plr nanbpfl, ue bjsbl mlesubjilr in kfmlglf punin inrjvkr ne kousl sj nf suantl nstë tlbkeil trkequjfjzketns prnsmrjtls plr su bêijml. Ns buy jbplrtketn tkbojêe nf netlrel inf suantl, yk qun plirâk ikrsn ue mlesubl in irldks qun el pnrauijmkrk kf suantl, pnrl sâ k tnrmnrls, plr nanbpfl ue lornrl in fk mlestrummjýe qun hubkrk gkmgâs ketns in suojr kf keikbjl. El tliks fks irldks pnrbjtne uek rnfkmjýe in nstn tjpl. Slr nanbpfl tlils fls hubkilrns sle inpneijnetns inf tkokml.
o. Kousl Ns kqunffk rnfkmjýe mle fks irldks ne fks qun sn prliumne mlesnmunemjks endktjvks pkrk nf mlesubjilr y/l pkrk su netlrel. Nf mlesubl in ijnz mjdkrrjffls plirâk snr mlesjinrkil el nxmnsjvl. ]je nbokrdl, mukeil nstk mketjiki sn mlesubn tlils fls iâks, punin hkvlrnmnr kftnrkmjlens rnspjrktlrjks. Slr nf mletrkrjl, kfdujne plirâk mlesubjr mlmkâek ne uek slfk lmksjýe, pnrl gkmnrfl ne tkf mketjiki qun insnemkinekrk kfdñe tjpl in kmmjinetn mnrnorkf. Sunin qun uek buanr snk blinrkik ne sus mlesubls gkojtukfns in tkokml y kfmlglf, pnrl sj fls bketjnen iurketn nf nbokrkzl nstkrë jemurrjneil ne kou sl. Kekfjzkeil fks pkutks in mlesubl, y nf mletnxtl pnrslekf y slmjkf in mkik mksl plirnbls inmjr sj el nemletrkbls ketn ue usl l ue kousl.
m. Inpneinemj Inpneinemjkk ]n prjlrjzk nf usl in uek sustkemjk psjmlkmtjvk hrnetn k ltrks mleiumtks mlesjinrkiks ketns mlbl bës jbplrtketns. Nf mlesubl in irldks, qun qujzës nbpnzý mlbl uek nxpnrjnemjk nsplrëijmk, pksk k snr ue nan ne fk vjik inf suantl. Êstn inijmkrë fk bkylr pkrtn in su tjnbpl k pneskr ne mlesubl
nijtlrjkf } mnp
in irldks, k ousmkrfks, k lotnenr ijenrl pkrk mlbprkrfks, k mlesubjrfks, k rnmupnrkrsn in sus nhnmtls, ntm. Fk inpneinemjk tjnen ils ijbnesjlens1 - Inpneinemjk Inpneinemjk hâsjmk1 Ne nffk, nf lrdkejsbl lrdkejsbl sn gk gkojtukil k fk prnsnemjk in fk irldk, irldk, in bkenrk qun enmnsjtk bketnenr intnrbjekil ejvnf in irldk ne skedrn pkrk huemjlekr mle elrbkfjiki. Mukeil nstn ejvnf insmjnein plr inokal in mjnrtl fâbjtn kpkrnmn nf sâeirlbn in kostjenemjk prlpjl in mkik irldk. Fk inpneinemjk inpneinemjk hâsjmk hâsjmk nstë nstë buy kslmjkik k fk tlfnrkemjk. tlfnrkemjk. Ns nf prlmnsl prlmnsl qun sn ik, plr nanbpfl, mle nf kfmlglf. Ne fls prjbnrls mlesubls khnmtk eltkofnbnetn kñe k ilsjs buy okaks. ]je nbokrdl, sj nf mlesubl sn gkmn gkojtukf, nf lrdkejsbl sn vk kikptkeil kf týxjml mlbl bnijik in prltnmmjýe. Mukeil ue irldlinpneijnetn kokeilek nf mlesubl, su tlfnrkemjk ijsbjeuyn. ]j pkskil ue tjnbpl rnkeuik nf mlesubl ne fks ilsjs ketnrjlrns, pkinmnrë uek jetlxjmkmjýe kduik qun, inpneijneil inf tjpl in irldk in qun sn trktn, punin ffnvkrfn kf mlbk n jemfusl k fk bunrtn. Ksâ sn nxpfjmke fk bkylrâk in fks bunrtns plr slornilsjs ne suantls inpneijnetns in fk gnrlâek. - Inpneinemjk psâqujmk1 Mlbpufsjýe Mlbpufsjýe pkrk mlesubjr fk irldk in qun sn trktn, trktn, pkrk nxpnrjbnetkr ue nstkil khnmtjvl kdrkikofn l fjorkrsn in ue nstkil inskdrkikofn. Fk inpneinemjk inpneinemjk hâsjmk hâsjmk ns rnfktjvkbnetn hëmjf in supnrkr trks ue pnrjlil in insjetlxjmkmjýe insjetlxjmkmjýe qun, ne huemjýe in mkik irldk punin prlfledkrsn ;> iâks. Ns bës mlstlsl inskmtjvkr fk inpneinemjk psâqujmk, yk qun rnqujnrn mkbojls ne fk mleiumtk y ne fks nblmjlens inf suantl qun fn pnrbjtke huemjlekr psâqujmkbnetn sje rnmurrjr k fks irldks.
i. Slfjmlesubl El ns hrnmunetn netrn mlesubjilrns in irldks fk utjfjzkmjýe in uek ñejmk sustkemjk. Fk pkutk bës gkojtukf ns fk mlbojekmjýe in vkrjks irldks, k bneuil, k fl fkrdl in ue bjsbl pnrjlil in tjnbpl. Ksâ, plr nanbpfl, sn punine ononr mketjikins nxmnsjvks in kfmlglf, hubkr ue pkquntn in mjdkrrjffls, mlbpkrtjr ue pkr in plrrls y nsejhkr uek rkyk in mlmkâek, tlil ne ue hje in snbkek. Ne ltrks lmksjlens els nemletrkbls mle pnrsleks qun mlesubne ijvnrsks sustkemjks, kuequn el rnkfjmne tketks bnzmfks ne ue pnrjlil tke mlrtl. Sunin qun uek elmgn sn nbolrrkmgne mle mnrvnzk y hubne gkmgâs, bjnetrks qun ltrk elmgn ijstjetk nf gkmgâs inan pksl k fk mlmkâek. Nstks pkutks in mlesubl buftjpfjmke fls rjnsdls kslmjkils k fks sustkemjks.
=.9 ^ejikins in Ktnemjýe k fks Irldlinpneinemjks Irldlinpneinemjks (^KI) Nstks uejikins, mlelmjiks mlbl ^KI, sle nf prjbnr fudkr kf qun gky qun ijrjdjrsn pkrk jejmjkr ue trktkbjnetl. ]le mnetrls l snrvjmjls in trktkbjnetl kboufktlrjl in fls trkstlrels kijmtjvls, qun inskrrlffke kmtjvjikins ksjstnemjkfns in insjetlxjmkmjýe y insgkojtukmjýe. Fks ^KI nstëe ktneijiks plr prlhnsjlekfns y ne nffks sn lhrnmn ktnemjýe bêijmk, psjmlfýdjmk, tnrkpêutjmk y slmjkf k tliks kqunffks pnrsleks qun tjnene prlofnbks inrjvkils inf mlesubl in irldks.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Kinbës in fls rnmursls in kmmnsl ijrnmtl, fk rni ksjstnemjkf tkbojêe munetk mle ltrls mnetrls y prldrkbks k fls qun sn kmmnin k trkvês in fks ^KI. Nstls rnmursls sle1 - Mlbuejikins Ynrkpêutjmks. ]le mnetrls mnetrls in mkrëmtnr rnsjinemjkf lrjnetkils prjemjpkfbnetn k fk insgkojtukmjýe y rngkojfjtkmjýe in kqunffls irldlinpneijnetns qun plr sus mjrmuestkemjks y mkrkmtnrâstjmks el punine sndujr mle dkrketâks su trktkbjnetl in hlrbk kboufktlrjk. Nf kmmnsl k fks Mlbuejikins Ynrkpêutjmks sn rnkfjzk sjnbprn k trkvês in fks ^KI. Ne nstls mnetrls nf irldlinpneijnetn sn prnpkrk pkrk su jemlrplrkmjýe slmjkf k trkvês in fk rnnstrumturkmjýe in gëojtls y in fk hlrbkmjýe kmkiêbjmk y lmupkmjlekf. - ^ejikins Glspjtkfkrjks Glspjtkfkrjks in Insjetlxjmkmjýe (^GI). Nstks uejikins sn nemunetrke uojmkiks ne mnetrls glspjtkfkrjls y ne nffks sn ffnvk k mkol fk insjetlxjmkmjýe hâsjmk inf irldlinpneijnetn ne rêdjbne in jetnrekil. Nf irldlinpneijnetn kmmnin k nstks uejikins mukeil fks mleijmjlens ojlpsjmlslmjkfns y hkbjfjkrns inf pkmjnetn fl rnqujnrke. Nf kmmnsl k fks ^ejikins Glspjtkfkrjks sn rnkfjzk sjnbprn k trkvês in fks ^KI bnijketn nf mlrrnspleijnetn Srltlmlfl Srltlmlfl in Jedrnsl. - Mnetrls in Iâk. ]le mnetrls qun, ne rêdjbne rêdjbne in nstkemjk nstkemjk in iâk, y plr ue tjnbpl intnrbjekil, rnkfjzke trktkbjnetls in insgkojtukmjýe n jemlrplrkmjýe slmjkf, bnijketn tnrkpjk psjmlfýdjmk, hlrbktjvk y lmupkmjlekf, prlblvjneil fk pkrtjmjpkmjýe kmtjvk in fls usukrjls, mle nf hje in hkmjfjtkr su jetndrkmjýe. - Srldrkbks ne Mnetrls Snejtnemjkrjls. ]le prldrkbks prldrkbks qun sn inskrrlffke inskrrlffke inetrl in fks prjsjlens y qun nstëe ijrjdjils k irldlinpneijnetns qun sn nemunetrke mubpfjneil mleinek. Nstls prldrkbks sle vlfuetkrjls y ne nffls sn rnkfjzk ue trktkbjnetl tnrkpêutjml pkrk kokeilekr nf mlesubl in irldks, k fk vnz qun sn mllrijek mle ltrls rnmursls nxtnrels k fk prjsjýe pkrk mletjeukr nf trktkbjnetl, sj el sn gk mlbpfntkil, y pkrk hkmjfjtkr su jemlrplrkmjýe slmjkf. - Mnetrls y Srldrkbks Srldrkbks in Bntkilek. ]le rnmursls in ktnemjýe kboufktlrjk ne fls qun sn prnsmrjon prnsmrjon y ijspnesk bntkilek mlbl sustjtumjýe kf mlesubl in lpjëmnls, sjnbprn okal mletrlf bêijml y mle nf mlrrnspleijnetn sndujbjnetl ksjstnemjkf inf usukrjl. - Mnetrls in Jemlrplrkmjýe Jemlrplrkmjýe ]lmjkf. Ne nstls mnetrls mnetrls sn sn trkokak mle mle kmtjvjikins in mkrëmtnr niumktjvl, hlrbktjvl, fñijml y fkolrkf, ne mllrijekmjýe mle fls ijstjetls rnmursls slmjkfns y lmupkmjlekfns nxjstnetns. - ^ejiki in mleiumtks kijmtjvks (^MK). Nstn tjpl in uejikins ktjnein prjemjpkfbnetn k tlil tjpl in mleiumtks kijmtjvks, prjemjpkfbnetn kfmlglfjsbl y irldks, pnrl tkbojêe punine ktneinr prlofnbks in fuilpktâk y trkstlrels in fk kfjbnetkmjýe kf jbnetkmjýe in bkenrk kboufktlrjk.
9. ]KF^I ] KF^I ]NW^KF Z _NS_L _NS_LI^MYJXK I^MYJXK Fls Mnetrls in Sfkejhjmkmjýe Hkbjfjkr, inelbjekmjýe qun lstnetke fks uejikins in kplyl kp lyl nspnmâhjml k fk Ktnemjýe Srjbkrjk, sle k fls qun sn nemlbjneik fk ksjstnemjk nspnmjkfjzkik ne nstks bktnrjks. Nf Srldrkbk in Sfkejhjmkmjýe Hkbjfjkr y ]nxukfjiki, mletnbpfk fls sjdujnetns kspnmtls1 - Niumktjvl ” jehlrbktjvl1 Jehlrbkeil k fk plofkmjýe slorn fks plsjojfjikins in ketjmlemnpmjýe, vnetkaks, ketjmlemnpmjýe in nbnrdnemjk, fk snxukfjiki gubkek n jetnrrupmjýe jevlfuetkrjk inf nbokrkzl. - Srnvnetjvl1 Mle rnfkmjýe rnfkmjýe k fks Nehnrbnikins in Yrkesbjsjýe ]nxukf, mëemnr mëemnr dnejtkf, bnalrk in fk skfui snxukf y nbokrkzls el insnkils.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Ksjstnemjkf1 _nmlbneikmjýe y prnstkmjýe inf bêtlil ketjmlemnptj ketjmlemnptjvl vl bës kprlpjkil pkrk mkik jeijvjiul, ksnslrkbjnetl snxukf y trktkbjnetl, ne su mksl, in fks ijhjmuftkins snxukfns, trktkbjnetls in fks NY], nehlqun ne fls mksls in nstnrjfjiki n jehnrtjfjiki y mlesnal dneêtjml. Fls Mnetrls in Sfkejhjmkmjýe Hkbjfjkr, el slfl rnkfjzke uek ktnemjýe jeijvjiukf, sjel qun sn mlbpfnbnetke mle ltrls in tjpl mlbuejtkrjl ijrjdjils k aývnens y kilfnsmnetns, mle pkrtjmjpkmjýe in mlfndjls, jestjtutls, kyuetkbjnetls, y mle fk jetnrvnemjýe in bktrleks y pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk in fls Mnetrls in ]kfui. Yrktke fls sjdujnetns kspnmtls1 -
-
-
-
Ktnemjýe n jehlrbkmjýe slorn fk jehnmmjýe inf vjrus inf ]JIK1 Srlhnsjlekfns nspnmjkfjzkils nspnmjkfjzkils
jehlrbkrëe in tlil fl qun enmnsjtn skonr uek pnrslek in fk jehnmmjýe plr XJG, su prnvnemjýe y su trkesbjsjýe. Srnvnemjýe1 Jehlrbkmjýe slorn bnijiks prnvnetjvks qun sn inone kilptkr pkrk nvjtkr fk
jehnmmjýe inf XJG, ksâ mlbl mukeil sn inon rnkfjzkr fk prunok in intnmmjýe in fk jehnmmjýe ne mksl in gkonr bketnejil prëmtjmks in rjnsdl.
Srunoks in intnmmjýe drktujtks1 ]n ]n dkrketjzk ne tlil blbnetl nf kelejbktl in qujne kmuin
ojne k mlesuftks l ojne k rnkfjzkmjýe in keëfjsjs, yk qun sýfl sn jinetjhjmke plr ue mýijdl. El ns enmnskrjl prnsnetkr ejeduek ilmubnetkmjýe pkrk snr ktneijil y tketl fks prunoks kekfâtjmks mlbl fks vkmueks qun sn kibjejstrke, sj sle enmnskrjks, sle drktujtks.
Mlesnal1 ]j nf rnsuftkil in fks prunoks prunoks jeijmk qun sn gk prliumjil prliumjil fk jehnmmjýe, jehnmmjýe, fls prlhnsjlekfns kyuikrëe k khrletkr nsn blbnetl nspnmjkfbnetn ijhâmjf y lhrnmnrëe nf kmmnsl kf ejvnf in ktnemjýe qun rnqujnrk fk sjtukmjýe. ]n jehlrbkrë, tkbojêe, slorn fls rnmursls qun sn ijsplene (skejtkrjls, slmjkfns, fndkfns, ntm.) y sn lhrnmnr lhrnmnrëë mlesnal pkrk nvjtkr rnjehnmmjlens y nf mletkdjl k ltrls.
9.; Srnvnemjýe inf mëemnr in bkbk Nf loantjvl dnenrkf in nstn prldrkbk ns lotnenr uek rniummjýe inf =3% ne fk blrtkfjiki plr mëemnr in bkbk, trks ue pnrjlil in ;3 k ;> kûls, ne fks buanrns slbntjiks k mrjokil, bnijketn nf kmmnsl in buanrns netrn 9> ” 8> kûls k nxkbne in sus bkbks mkik ils kûls y, ne mksl in qun sn slspnmgn ue mëemnr, sn rnbjtk k mlehjrbkmjýe ijkdeýstjmk y trktkbjnetl ne Kt. Nspnmjkfjzkik.
K. Yjpls in ^ejikins -
-
^ejikins prlpjks prlpjks mle inijmkmjýe inijmkmjýe nspnmâhjmk1 nspnmâhjmk1 Nstëe Nstëe uojmkiks prnhnrn prnhnrnetnbnetn etnbnetn ne ne mnetrls
skejtkrjls (in K. S., in nspnmjkfjikins l in skfui pñofjmk) okal inpneinemjk huemjlekf in fk Ijrnmmjýe Dnenrkf in ]kfui Sñofjmk. Kfdueks in nffks huemjleke k trkvês in ue mlevnejl mle fk Kslmjkmjýe Nspkûlfk mletrk nf Mëemnr.
^ejikins bjxtks1 Huemjleke Huemjleke utjfjzkeil fls bnijls bnijls bktnrjkfns, bktnrjkfns, y pnrslekf pnrslekf inf glspjtkf inf ërnk
in skfui.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
O. Huemjlens in fls ejvnfns ksjstnemjkfns k. Huemjlens in fk Kt. Srjbkrjk - Skrtjmjpkmjýe ne ne fk snesjojfjzkmjýe in fks buanrns buanrns inf drupl in rjnsdl, mle nf hje in qun kmuike k nstks uejikins mukeil snke mjtkiks. - Mlfkolrkmjýe ne nf prldrkbk, prldrkbk, rnmlrikeil rnmlrikeil k fks buanrns nstuijkiks fk enmnsjiki in kmuijr k fks rnvjsjlens. - ]ndujbjnetl in fks buanrns k fks qun sn gk intnmtkil intnmtkil pktlfldâk tublrkf. tublrkf. - Niumkmjýe skejtkrjk pkrk fk kutlnxpflrkmjýe in bkbk.
o. Huemjlens in fk Kt. Nspnmjkf Nspnmjkfjzkik jzkik Mlehjrbkmjýe ijkdeýstjmk in gkffkzdls slspnmglsls y iuilsls. - Yrktkbjnetl in fls mksls intnmtkils, sjdujneil fls prltlmlfls prltlmlfls nstkofnmjils. - ]ndujbjnetl in fks nehnrbks, in kmunril mle fks elrbks in fls prltlmlfls. prltlmlfls. - Mlbuejmkmjýe in fls mksls kf Srldrkbk. - Nstkofnmjbjnetl ne mkik glspjtkf in ue ‖Mlbjtê in bkbk‒, mlbl lrdkejzkmjýe huemjlekf huemjlekf qun plsjojfjtn nf inskrrlffl inf prldrkbk kinmukikbnetn.
m. Huemjlens in ]kfui Sñofjmk - Dnstjlens mle fls kyuetkbjnetls pkrk qun hkmjfjtne nf pkirýe. - Sfkejhjmkr keukfbnetn nf rjtbl y nf mkfneikrjl mkfneikrjl in mjtkmjlens. - Mllrijekr fks mkbpkûks in snesjojfjzkmjýe. - Mllrijekr fk jetnrvnemjýe mlbuejtkrjk.
9.? Ktnemjýe kf mfjbktnrjl Nf prldrkbk in ]kfui pkrk fk buanr bkylr in 93 kûls sn mkrkmtnrjzk plr1 - ]u mkrëmtnr mkrëmtnr buftjijsmjpfjekr1 buftjijsmjpfjekr1 jevlfumrk k ijstjetls prlhnsjlekfns skejtkrjls y slmjkfns rnfkmjlekils mle fk skfui in fk buanr. - ]u nehlqun jetndrkf1 rnvjsk rnvjsk fls hkmtlrns hkmtlrns jehfuynetns jehfuynetns ne fk skfui in fk buanr y kolrik kolrik tketl nf kspnmtl prnvnetjvl mlbl nf in prlblmjýe in fk skfui. Fls ejvnfns in kmtukmjýe sle1 - Ejvnf ;. _nvjsjlens in skfui, mlbuens k kbols snxls, snxls, pkrk pkrk bkylrns in 93 kûls1 ´
Jehlrbn in skfui inf kiuftl (mletrlf in rjnsdls mkrijlvksmufkrns, mkrijlvksmufkrns, in mëemnr djenmlfýdjml y fk vkmuekmjýe rnmlbneikofn)
´
Niumkmjýe skejtkrjk jeijvjiukf (nstjfls in vjik skfuikofns, sndñe mkrkmtnrâstjm mkrkmtnrâstjmks ks jeijvjiukfns in mkik buanr)
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Ejvnf ?. Kmtukmjlens Kmtukmjlens nspnmâhjmks nspnmâhjmks in jbplrtkemjk pkrk fk skfui in fk buanr bkylr in 93 kûls1 ´
Srnvnemjýe in nbokrkzls el insnkils.
´
Bkejhnstkmjlens kslmjkiks kf mfjbktnrjl.
´
Jemletjenemjks urjekrjks.
´
_jnsdl in lstnlplrlsjs.
´
Mkfjiki in vjik.
- Ejvnf =. Kmtjvjikins drupkfns in niumkmjýe pkrk fk skfui1 ´
Kspnmtls hjsjlfýdjml y psjmlslmjkfns psjmlslmjkfns ne buanrns buanrns netrn netrn 93 ” 89 kûls.
´
Kfjbnetkmjýe.
´
Nanrmjmjl hâsjml.
´
_nfkakmjýe.
´
]nxukfjiki.
´
Jemletjenemjk.
´ Kutlnstjbk. ´
Lstnlplrlsjs y prlofnbks lstnlkrtjmufkrns lstnlkrtjmufkrns..
´
_nmursls slmjkfns y kslmjkmjlejsbl.
9.= Sfke in prnvnemjýe y mletrlf in lstnlplrlsjs lstnlplrlsjs K. Loantjvls dnenrkfns1 - Ijsbjeumjýe in fk prnvkfnemjk in fk lstnlplrlsjs ne fk plofkmjýe in fk Mlbuejiki Xkfnemjkek. - Ijsbjeumjýe in fk prnvkfnemjk in hrkmturks hrkmturks lstnlplrýtjmks lstnlplrýtjmks ne fk plofkmjýe in fk Mlbuejiki Xkfnemjkek.
O. Loantjvls nspnmâhj nspnmâhjmls mls - ]nesjojfjzkr k fk plofkmjýe dnenrkf in fk jbplrtkemjk qun tjnen fk kinmukik prnvnemjýe in fk lstnlplrlsjs pkrk fk skfui in fks pnrsleks. - Srlblvnr, ne nf bkrml in uek kfjbnetkmjýe skfuikofn, ue mlesubl ýptjbl ýptjbl in mkfmjl y vjtkbjek I. - Hlbnetkr fk prëmtjmk in fk kmtjvjiki hâsjmk hâsjmk kikptkik k fls ijstjetls drupls in niki y dêenrl. dêenrl. - Nvjtkr nstjfls nstjfls in vjik el skfuikofns qun jehfuyne ne nf inskrrlffl inskrrlffl in uek bksk ýsnk ýsnk pktlfýdjmk (sninetkrjsbl, kfmlglfjsbl y tkokml) - Srlblvnr fk jevnstjdkmjýe.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- _nkfjzkr nf sndujbjnetl in fk prnvkfnemjk in fk lstnlplrlsjs ne fk plofkmjýe in fk Mlbuejiki Xkfnemjkek. - Intnmtkr pnrsleks mle hkmtlrns in rjnsdl rjnsdl pkrk fk lstnlplrlsjs lstnlplrlsjs.. - Srnvnejr fk kpkrjmjýe in lstnlplrlsjs ne pnrsleks mle pktlfldâks y/l trktkbjnetls trktkbjnetls prnijspleneprnijsplenetns. - Slsjojfjtkr nf ijkdeýstjml, ijkdeýstjml, blejtlrjzkmjýe blejtlrjzkmjýe inf trktkbjnetl y fk prnijmmjýe in hrkmturks hrkmturks lstnlplrýtjlstnlplrýtjmks, bnijketn inesjtlbntrâks ýsnks ne pnrsleks qun mubpfke fls mrjtnrjls nstkofnmjils. - Yrktkr kinmukikbnetn kinmukikbnetn k fks pnrsleks pnrsleks yk ijkdelstjmkiks in okak bksk ýsnk ýsnk y nvjtkr trktkbjnetls trktkbjnetls jeenmnskrjls ne ijkdeýstjmls el mlehjrbkils. - Nvjtkr hrkmturks ne pnrsleks mle lstnlplrlsjs. - _ngkojfjtkr pkrk rnmlorkr fk blvjfjiki y nvjtkr nf ilflr k pnrsleks qun gke pkinmjil uek hrkmturk lstnlplrýtjmk. - _nkfjzkr nf sndujbjnetl in fk jemjinemjk in fks hrkmturks lstnlplrý lstnlplrýtjmks tjmks ne fk plofkmjýe in fk Mlbuejiki Xkfnemjkek. Dkrketjzkr fk nanmumjýe nanmumjýe inf Sfke in Srnvnemjýe y Mletrlf Mletrlf in Lstnlplrlsjs in fk Mlbuejiki Xkfnemjkek.
>. ]KF^I BNEYKF. SKYLFLD SKYLFLDÂK] ÂK] BË] S_NXK S_NXKFNEYN]1 FNEYN]1 N][^JQLH_NEJK, INS_N]JÝE Z Y_K]YL_EL] IN KE]JNIKI >.; Ssjmlpktlfldâk K. Inhjejmjýe in psjqujktrâk y psjmlpktlf psjmlpktlfldâk ldâk Fk psjqujktrâk punin inhjejrsn mlbl kqunffk rkbk in fk bnijmjek qun tjnen plr loantl nf nstuijl, ijkdeýstjml, trktkbjnetl y prnvnemjýe in fks ffkbkiks nehnrbnikins bnetkfns, ksâ mlbl in mjnrtls trkstlrels in fk pnrslekfjiki y in fk mleiumtk0 sn lmupk, tkbojêe, in fls kspnmtls psjmlfýdjmls y psjqujëtrjmls in fls nehnrbls lrdëejmls, prjemjpkfbnetn mukeil su nehnrbniki sn bunstrk rnfkmjlekik mle intnrbjeketns slmjlpsjmlfýdjmls. slmjlpsjmlfýdjmls. Ntjblfýdjmkbnetn, nf têrbjel Ssjmlpktlfldâk gkmn rnhnrnemjk k psjqun qun suhrn l qun nstë nehnrbk. Gky bumgks inhjejmjlens in Ssjmlpktlfldâk. Slirnbls instkmkr kfdueks1 - ‖Fk Ssjmlpktlfldâk Ssjmlpktlfldâk ns nf nstuijl sjstnbëtjml sjstnbëtjml y mjnetâhjml in fk ntjlfldâk, ntjlfldâk, sjetlbktlfldâk sjetlbktlfldâk y prlmnsl prlmnsl in fk mleiumtk kelrbkf‒. Fnbls (?333) - ‖Kqunffk ijsmjpfjek qun sn lmupk in fls snrns snrns gubkels qun, k mkusk mkusk in sus sus mkrkmtnrâstjmks mkrkmtnrâstjmks psjmlfýpsjmlfýdjmks, tjnene ijhjmuftkins pkrk su rnkfjzkmjýe ojlfýdjmk y pnrslekf‒. Bleninrl (;::8)
nijtlrjkf } mnp
O. Mlemnptl y mrjtnrjls in elrbkfjik elrbkfjiki i k. Mlemnptl in kelrbkfjiki Nxjstn uek tneinemjk ekturkf ne nf snr gubkel k mlesjinrkr mjnrtks mleiumtks mlbl in mkrëmtnr psjmlpktlfýdjml. El lostketn, rnsuftk nxtrnbkikbnetn mlbpfnal inhjejr nf mlemnptl in kelrbkfjiki psjmlfýdjmk. Nf kiantjvl kelrbkf k bneuil tjnen ksjdekil ue snetjil pnylrktjvl, kuequn nf têrbjel el ffnvn jbpfâmjtl ueks mleeltkmjlens endktjvks. ]je nbokrdl, el sn gk ffndkil k uek inhjejmjýe sktjshkmtlrjk y ueëejbn in kelrbkfjiki. Inetrl in fk Ssjmlpktlfldâk gky ijvnrsjiki in nehlquns y mkik uel in nffls inhjnein uels mrjtnrjls nspnmâhjmls pkrk inhjejr fk Ssjmlpktlfldâk l kelrbkfjiki. Ne uel in fls nxtrnbls in nstn kokejml sn gkffk nf blinfl lrdkejmjstk, qun nqujpkrk fls trkstlrels bnetkfns mle nf rnstl in fks nehnrbnikins. Kquâ fk kelrbkfjiki sn inhjejrâk plr fk prnsnemjk in kftnrkmjlens l ijshuemjlens ojlfýdjmks. Ne nf ltrl nxtrnbl sn nemunetrke fks plsturks ketjpsjqujëtrjmks qun inhjneine fk jenxjstnemjk in fk mleiumtk kelrbkf mlbl tkf, ksâ mlbl qun fk Ssjmlpktlfldâk el ns bës qun ue jestrubnetl plfâtjml in lprnsjýe y mletrlf slorn fk plofkmjýe. ]je nbokrdl, fk tneinemjk kmtukf ns jetnrprntkr fks ijbnesjlens in elrbkfjiki y kelrbkfjiki mlbl fls ils plfls in ue mletjeul pkrk supnrkr fls nehlquns mfësjmls qun kmnetukoke fks ijhnrnemjks netrn fk mleiumtk elrbkf y fk kelrbkf.
o. Mrjtnrjls in kelrbkfjiki ]n gke prlpunstl mrjtnrjls ijhnrnetns k blil in duâk pkrk intnrbjekr quê sn mlesjinrk kelrbkf l psjmlpktlfýdjml. p sjmlpktlfýdjml.
• Mrjtnrjls nstkiâstjmls Fls mrjtnrjls nstkiâstjmls inhjene fk kelrbkfjiki psjmlfýdjmk k pkrtjr in ils supunstls1 nf supunstl in hrnmunemjk y nf supunstl in mletjeujiki. Ynejneil ne munetk nf prjbnr supunstl, fls mrjtnrjls nstkiâstjmls prnsuplene qun fks vkrjkofns qun inhjene psjmlfýdjmkbnetn k ue jeijvjiul sn ijstrjouyne ne fk plofkmjýe sndñe uek murvk elrbkf. Ksâ puns, ue jeijvjiul mlemrntl rnspnmtl k uek mkrkmtnrâstjmk sn sjtñk ne ue puetl intnrbjekil in nstk ijstrjoumjýe, y punin snr mkfjhjmkil mlbl elrbkf l kelrbkf sndñe sj ns buy hrnmunetn nstk plsjmjýe ne fk plofkmjýe dnenrkf. In bkenrk qun qu n kelrbkf ns fl plml hrnmunetn.
• Mrjtnrjls mfâejmls Nstls mrjtnrjls tjnene mlbl puetl in pkrtjik fk nvkfukmjýe inf pkmjnetn y sn okske ne fk f k infjbjtkmjýe in mleauetls in sâetlbks qun sn jinetjhjmkrâke mle trkstlrels l mukirls psjmlpktlfýdjmls. Fls mrjtnrjls mfâejmls, puns, inhjene fk mleiumtk mlbl kelrbkf slorn fk oksn in fk prnsnemjk in sâetlbks. _nsuftk jbprnsmjeijofn, plr tketl, nstkofnmnr inhjejmjlens pkrk fls ijvnrsls trkstlrels, inhjejmjlens qun tjnene qun nstkr mlesnesukiks plr fk mlbuejiki mjnetâhjmk. Êstk ns fk hjflslhâk in fls ils sjstnbks in mfksjhjmkmjýe in fls trkstlrels bnetkfns bës ijhueijils jetnrekmjlekfbnetn1 fk Mfksjhjmkmjýe Jetnrekmjlekf in fks Nehnrbnikins in fk Lrdkejzkmjýe Bueijkf in fk ]kfui y nf Bkeukf Ijkdeýstjml y Nstkiâstjml in fls Yrkstlrels Bnetkfns in fk Kslmjkmjýe Kbnrjmkek in Ssjqujktrâk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Slr tketl, kelrbkf l psjmlpktlfýdjml ns tlil kqunffl qun mubpfn fls mrjtnrjls inhjejils plr nstk kelrbkfjiki.
• Mrjtnrjls slmjkfns l jetnrpnrslekfns Fk inhjejmjýe in kelrbkfjiki ns uek munstjýe in elrbktjvk slmjkf1 intnrbjekr nf mkrëmtnr psjmlpktlfýpsjmlpktlfýdjml in uek mleiumtk, rksdl l kmtjvjiki inpnein inf mlesnesl slmjkf ne ue blbnetl y fudkr ikils. K pkrtjr in nstls ils mrjtnrjls sn jemjin ne nf pnsl qun tjnene fks vkrjkofns slmjlmufturkfns ne fk vkflrkmjýe in uek mleiumtk mlbl kelrbkf l elrbkf. Fk jevnstjdkmjýe trkesmufturkf gk inakil mlestkemjk in fk rnfktjvjiki mufturkf inf mlbplrtkbjnetl gubkel1 kqunffl qun ne ue mletnxtl gjstýrjml l mufturkf ns elrbkf, sn mlesjinrk psjmlpktlfýdjml ne ltrl mletnxtl. ^ek vkrjketn in nstls mrjtnrjls ns fk kelrbkfjiki mlbl jekikptkmjýe kf bnijl. Ne nstn mksl, fk kinmukmjýe in ue jeijvjiul pkrtjmufkr kf rlf qun slmjkfbnetn tjnen ksjdekil ns nf mrjtnrjl prjemjpkf pkrk intnrbjekr fk elrbkfjiki in su mlbplrtkbjnetl.
• Mrjtnrjls suoantjvls l jetrkpsâqujmls ]ndñe nstls mrjtnrjls, nf bjsbl jeijvjiul ns qujne bnalr punin ijmtkbjekr su sjtukmjýe l nstkil. ^ek vkrjketn in nstls mrjtnrjls ns nf mrjtnrjl kfduniýejml. Ksâ, sn inhjen fk kelrbkfjiki sndñe fk prnsnemjk in snetjbjnetls in suhrjbjnetl, jemlblijiki l bkfnstkr pnrslekfns qun k bneuil sn trkiumn ne bkejhnstkmjlens vnrokfns y in mlbplrtkbjnetl, tkfns mlbl qunaks plr fk prlpjk jehnfjmjiki, plr fk jemkpkmjiki in khrletkr ue prlofnbk, ntm. Ltrl mrjtnrjl suoantjvl snrâk nf in ‖pntjmjýe in kyuik‒. Ne nstn mksl, mleiumtk kelrbkf snrâk kqunffk qun prlvlmk qun fk pnrslek slfjmjtn fk jetnrvnemjýe in u e prlhnsjlekf pkrk qun jetnrvnedk.
• Mrjtnrjls ojlfýdjmls Nstls mrjtnrjls nehktjzke fk ekturkfnzk ojlfýdjmk hrnetn k fk psjmlfýdjmk in fks pnrsleks. Skrk êstls, fls ijhnrnetns trkstlrels psjmlpktlfýdjmls sle hueikbnetkfbnetn nxprnsjýe in kftnrkmjlens l ijshuemjlens inf huemjlekbjnetl in fk nstrumturk l inf prlmnsl ojlfýdjml qun fls sustnetk. ]je nbokrdl, sle bumgks fks ijhjmuftkins nxjstnetns pkrk kjsfkr muëfns sle nstks kftnrkmjlens y quê fks gk prliumjil. Ksubjr uek ntjlfldâk lrdëejmk mlbl nxpfjmkmjýe ñftjbk y nxmfusjvk in fk Ssjmlpktlfldâk mlbplrtkrâk kilptkr nf têrbjel dneêrjml nehnrbniki bnetkf. Kuequn sn insmuorjnsn uek ntjlfldâk lrdëejmk pkrk mkik uel in fls trkstlrels psjmlpktlfýdjmls, nsl el austjhjmkrâk instkmkr fk jetnrvnemjýe in hkmtlrns psjmlfýdjmls l slmjkfns ne fk ntjlfldâk bjsbk l ne su bketnejbjnetl. ]je iuik, ne fk dêensjs in fks bkejhnstkmjlens psjmlpktlfýdjmks sn rnñene hkmtlrns ojlfýdjmls, psjmlfýdjmls y slmjkfns.
>.? Nsqujzlhrnejk Fk nsqujzlhrnejk ns ue trkstlrel trkstlrel bnetkf drkvn qun khnmtk, ne kfdñe blbnetl in su vjik, k mnrmk inf ;% in fk plofkmjýe.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
]ndñe fk Lrdkejzkmjýe Bueijkf in fk ]kfui1 ‖Fk Nsqujzlhrnejk nstë mkrkmtnrjzkik plr ue ijsturojl hueikbnetkf in fk pnrslekfjiki, uek ijstlrsjýe inf pneskbjnetl, infusjlens ojzkrrks, pnrmnpmjlens kftnrkiks, rnspunstks nblmjlekfns jekprlpjkiks y ue drkil in kutjsbl. Nstls sâetlbks sle nxpnrjbnetkils ne prnsnemjk in mlemjnemjk mfkrk y (dnenrkfbnetn) mkpkmjiki jetnfnmtukf mlesnrvkik‒. Hlrbk pkrtn in fls trkstlrels psjmýtjmls. Nstls trkstlrels sn mkrkmtnrjzke plr uek jbplrtketn kftnrkmjýe inf yl y sus huemjlens, prliumjneil ijstlrsjýe inf pneskbjnetl (tketl ne mursl mlbl ne mletnejil), pêrijik in mletkmtl mle fk rnkfjiki, kusnemjk in snetjbjnetls in nehnrbniki, ijhjmuftki pkrk fk jetrlspnmmjýe. Inetrl in nstls trkstlrels sn jemfuyne fk nsqujzlhrnejk, nf trkstlrel nsqujzlkhnmtjvl, nf nsqujzlhrnejhlrbn, nf infjrketn, nf psjmýtjml inojil k uek nehnrbniki bêijmk, nf jeiumjil plr sustkemjks, fls psjmýtjmls kduils y trkesjtlrjls y fls in jinks infjrketns jeiumjiks0 hlfjê (flmurk). Fk psjmlsjs punin inhjejrsn mlbl1 - Sêrijik in mletkmtl mle fk rnkfjiki - Nf têrbjel psjmlsjs hun prlpunstl plr Xle Hnumgstnrfnone - ]n kmlbpkûk dnenrkfbnetn in fk sjdujnetn sjetlbktlfldâk1 ´
Infjrjls y kfumjekmjlens
´
Mlehusjýe
´
Kftnrkmjýe ne fks rnfkmjlens slmjkfns
´
El mlemjnemjk in nehnrbniki
- Netrn nffks nemletrkbls1 nsqujzlhrnejk, pkrkeljk (trkstlrel (trkstlrel in jinks infjrketns), infjrketns), trkstlrels trkstlrels bnetkfns lrdëejmls, ntm.…
K. Npjinbjlf Npjinbjlfldâk ldâk Fk prnvkfnemjk in fk N[Q sn sjtñk netrn nf 3,> y ; % in fk plofkmjýe, ns fk bjsbk ne glborns qun ne buanrns. ]je nbokrdl, ijhjnrne ne nf jejmjl y mursl in fk nehnrbniki. Fk niki in jejmjl ns bnelr ne fls glborns (;>-?> kûls) qun ne fks buanrns (?>-=> kûls), y rkrkbnetn kpkrnmn ketns in fls ;3 y inspuês in fls >3 kûls. Yjnen uek nfnvkik tksk in blrtkfjiki (;3-;> %). Slinbls ijhnrnemjkr ils tjpls in jejmjl1 kduil (mle bkejhnstkmjlens npjsýijmks qun kpkrnmne in dlfpn) n jesjijlsl (in nvlfumjýe prldrnsjvk y fnetk y, plr fl dnenrkf, in pnlr prleýstjml).
O. Ntjlpktlf Ntjlpktlfldâk ldâk ]n pfketnk fk N[Q mlbl sj hunsn uek nehnrbniki ñejmk, kuequn fk mktndlrâk ijkdeýstjmk kokrmk ue drupl in trkstlrels, prlokofnbnetn mle mkusks gntnrldêenks, pnrl mle sâetlbks mleiumtukfns in kfduek hlrbk pkrnmjils. Fls pkmjnetns mle N[Q nxgjone ijhnrnetns prnsnetkmjlens mfâejmks, rnspunstks kf trktkbjnetl y mursl in fk nehnrbniki. Nxjstne ijhnrnetns tnlrâks1
nijtlrjkf } mnp
k. Ynlrâks ojlfýdjm ojlfýdjmks ks - Gjpnrkmtjvjiki in mjrmujtls ilpkbjeêrdjmls. - Khnmtkmjýe in intnrbjekiks intnrbjekiks ërnks mnrnorkfns1 sjstnbk fâbojml, fâbojml, dkedfjls oëskfns, mýrtnx mýrtnx hrletkf. - Ltrks tnlrâks1 Xjrus, jetlxjmkmjlens, jetlxjmkmjlens, hkftk in vjtkbjeks, hkmtlrns hkmtlrns jebuelfýdjmls.
o. Ynlrâks dneêtjmks Nstn hkmtlr dneêtjml ns bës nvjinetn ne fks hlrbks bës drkvns in fk nehnrbniki. Fls gnrbkels in pkmjnetns tjnene ue rjnsdl in pkinmnr N[Q netrn > ” ;3 %, fls gjals in p kirns l bkirns nsqujzlhrêejmls netrn ;3 ” ;> %.
m. Ynlrâks psjmlslmj psjmlslmjkfns kfns ]ndñe mfksn slmjkf, mkbojls mufturkfns.
i. Ynlrâks psjmlkekfâ psjmlkekfâtjmks tjmks Hrnui sudjrjý qun fk gnrnemjk in hkmtlrns prnijsplenetns y fk kmubufkmjýe in nstrês hkvlrnmâke fk kpkrjmjýe in fk N[Q.
M. Mkrkmtnrâstjmks - Niki in jejmjl sunfn sjtukrsn netrn ;8-?> kûls - Yrkstlrel psjqujëtrjml bës hrnmunetn qun rnqujnrn glspjtkfjzkmjýe. - ]uplen nf 93% in fks glspjtkfjzkmjlens in mkusk psjqujëtrjmk. - Nf jejmjl in fk nehnrbniki sunfn prnsnetkrsn ne ils hlrbks1 ´
Jejmjl kduil l orltn1 Ns nf bës hrnmunetn, sn kmlbpkûk in ue pnrjlil prlirýbjml prnvjl in ornvn iurkmjýe mkrkmtnrjzkil plr sâetlbks el ffkbktjvls mlbl mkbojl in pnrslekfjiki, mleiumtks nxtrkûks, ntm.…
´
Jejmjl jesjijlsl1 Ns fnetl y prldrnsjvl, prldrnsjvl, mle mle sâetlbks ijhusls, qun el gkmne pneskr ne fk kpkrjmjýe in ue trkstlrel. Nstk hlrbk in jejmjl tjnen pnlr prleýstjml. Ne fks ils hlrbks in jejmjl sn gk vjstl fk nxjstnemjk in uek pnrslekfjiki prnbýrojik (nsqujzljin, pkrkeljin, nsqujzltâpjml), kuequn ns bës hrnmunetn ne fks in jejmjl jesjijlsl.
- Fks mkusks mkusks qun prlpjmjke nf inskrrlffl in fk nehnrbniki nehnrbniki el nstëe mfkrks, mfkrks, kuequn pkrnmn snr snr buftjhkmtlrjkf1 ´
Dneêtjmk1 Fk mleskedujejiki ns ue hkmtlr in rjnsdl.
´
Ojlquâbjmk1 Kubnetl in fls rnmnptlrns in ilpkbjek
´
]lmjlhkbjfjkrns1 Nf hkmtlr in bës rjnsdl rjnsdl sn mlesjinrk qun ns nf drkil in nblmjýe nxprnskik nxprnskik y fks rnfkmjlens glstjfns netrn fls bjnborls in fk hkbjfjk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
I. Ijkdeýstj Ijkdeýstjml ml Kuequn fk nsqujzlhrnejk nstë mlesjinrkik mlbl uek nehnrbniki, y pkrnmn mfkrl qun sn trktk in ue trkstlrel mnrnorkf, plr nf blbnetl el gky uek hlrbk loantjvk in ijkdelstjmkr uek nsqujzlhrnejk. Fk nsqujzlhrnejk sn ijkdelstjmk plr sus nhnmtls y plr nf mlbplrtkbjnetl inf pkmjnetn. K vnmns, pnrsleks qun gke mlesubjil irldks punine prnsnetkr nhnmtls pkrnmjils k fls psjmýtjmls, plr fl qun nf ijkdeýstjml rnqujnrn ue nstuijl prlfledkil in fls sâetlbks rnkfjzkil plr nspnmjkfjstks. Fls mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls in fk nsqujzlhrnejk sndñe I]B-X sle1 - Ynenr ils l bës sâetlbks in fls sjdujnetns1 ´
Jinks infjrketns.
´
Kfumjekmjlens.
´
Fnedukan inslrdkejzkil.
´
]âetlbks endktjvls.
´
Mlbplrtkbjnetl mktktýejml l inslrdkejzkil.
- Ijshuemjýe slmjkf y fkolrkf1 slorn tlil rnfkmjlekik mle tnbks kmkiêbjmls, fkolrkfns y in kutlmujikils, ksâ mlbl fks rnfkmjlens slmjkfns. - Nstls sâetlbks sâetlbks inone iurkr iurkr kf bnels snjs bnsns, bnsns, mle kf bnels ue bns bns mle ils l bës sâetlbks inf prjbnr kpkrtkil. - El inon gkonr sâetlbks in ltrks pktlfldâk pktlfldâkss psjqujk psjqujktrjtks trjtks mlbl trkstlrels inprnsjvls l nsqujzlkhnmtjvls. - ]n gkorë insmkrtkil insmkrtkil mkusk lrdëejmk l rnfkmjlekik rnfkmjlekik mle mle mlesubl mlesubl in sustkemjks. Mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls in fk nsqujzlhrnejk inf I]B-X - Jinks infjrketns Ils l bës in fls sjdujnetns (K)
-
Kfumjekmjlens
-
Fnedukan inslrdkejzkil
-
Mlbplrtkbjnetl mktktýejml l inslrdkejzkil
- ]âetlbks endktjvls _nfkmjlekik mle nf trkokal, fks rnfkmjlens jetnrpnrslekIjshuemjýe fkolrkf y slmjkf (O) fns y nf mujikil in uel bjsbl Iurk Iu rkmj mjýe ýe in 8 bns bnsns ns (M (M)) Mle Ml e kf kf bne bnels ls ; bns bns in sâ sâet etlb lbks ks in inff prj prjbn bnrr mrj mrjtn tnrj rjl l El gky bkejhnstkmjlens in trkstlrels inf nstkil in ëejbl l nsqujzlkhnmtjvls (I) El gky ltrk mkusk lrdëejmk l in irldk qun austjhjqun nf mukirl (N)
]ýfl sn rnqujnrn ue sâetlbk inf Mrjtnrjl K sj fks jinks infjrketns sle nxtrkûks, l sj fks jinks infjrketns mlesjstne ne uek vlz qun mlbnetk mletjeukbnetn fls pneskbjnetls l nf mlbplrtkbjnetl inf suantl, l sj ils l bës vlmns mlevnrske mle nffks.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
N. Mfksjhjmkmjýe k. Nsqujzlhrnejk pkrkeljin Fk mkrkmtnrâstjmk prjemjpkf ns fk nxjstnemjk in jinks infjrketns y/l kfumjekmjlens kuijtjvks (plr fl dnenrkf), mle uek prnsnrvkmjýe in fk khnmtjvjiki y in fks mkpkmjikins in ktnemjýe, mlemnetrkmjýe y bnelrâk. ]unfne kpkrnmnr jinks infjrketns in pnraujmjl, pnrsnmumjýe y mnfltâpjmks, kuequn sn insmkrtk fk prnsnemjk in ltrks. Fks jinks infjrketns punine nstkr rnfkmjlekiks in hlrbk okstketn mlgnrnetn y tjnene uek nstrumturk rkmjlekf, kuequn pkrtne in prnbjsks nrrýenks. Fks kfumjekmjlens sunfne nstkr rnfkmjlekiks mle fk tnbëtjmk infjrketn. Kf snetjrsn pnrsndujils, vjdjfkils l vâmtjbks in uek mlehkoufkmjýe, punine rnkmmjlekr in bkenrk vjlfnetk gkmjk fls inbës l gkmjk nffls bjsbls, nxjstjneil ue jbplrtketn rjnsdl in sujmjijl. ]unfn tnenr ue jejmjl kduil. Ns fk hlrbk bës hrnmunetn in nsqujzlhrnejk. ]us rksdls bës sjdejhjmktjvls sle1 - Fk bës hrnmunetn, y fk qun bnalr bnalr rnsplein rnsplein k trktkbjnetl trktkbjnetl - In jejmjl bës tkriâl, y bnalr prlelstjml - Srnlmupkmjýe plr uek l bës jinks infjrketns infjrketns in pnrsnmumjýe, kutlrrnhnrnem kutlrrnhnrnemjkf, jkf, drkeinzk, ntm.… - Kftnrkmjlens in fk pnrmnpmjýe pnrmnpmjýe (kfumjekmjlens kuijtjvks fks bës hrnmunetns) - El gky fnedukan inslrdkejzkil, ej mlbplrtkbjnetl mktktýejml l inslrdkejzkil, ej khnmtjvjiki kpfkekik l jekprlpjkik.
o. Nsqujzlhrnejk mktktýejm mktktýejmkk Fk prjemjpkf mkrkmtnrâstjmk ns uek jbplrtketn kftnrkmjýe psjmlbltlrk bkejhnstkik plr fk nxjstnemjk in mktktleâk, endktjvjsbl, butjsbl, puijneil kpkrnmnr ne lmksjlens nmlfkfjk l nmlprkxjk (rnpntjmjýe in blvjbjnetls inf jetnrflmutlr). ]us rksdls bës sjdejhjmktjvls sle1 - Bkrmkik kftnrkmjýe kftnrkmjýe psjmlbltlrk psjmlbltlrk qun punin jemfujr jeblvjfjiki bltlrk l kmtjvjiki bltlrk nxmnnxmnsjvk. - Endktjvjsbl, butjsbl, rjdjinz busmufkr. - Snmufjkrjikins inf blvjbjnetl vlfuetkrjl mle plsturks nxtrkûks, blvjbjnetls nstnrnltjpkils, bunmks. - Mlpjk fl qun ijmn l gkmn ltrk pnrslek.
m. Nsqujzlhrnejk gnonhrêejm gnonhrêejmkk l inslrdkejzk inslrdkejzkik ik Fks mkrkmtnrâstjmks nsnemjkfns jemfuyne ue fnedukan kftnrkil, jemlbprnesjofn ne bñftjpfns lmksjlens, ue mlbplrtkbjnetl inslrdkejzkil, sje uek mfkrk ijrnmmjýe, y uek khnmtjvjiki jekinmukik l kpfkekik. Kpkrnmn uek mfkrk insmlenxjýe mle fk rnkfjiki, sjneil nf suantl jemkpkz in rnkfjzkr kmtjvjikins tkfns mlbl mlbnr, vnstjrsn iumgkrsn...ntm. ]us rksdls bës sjdejhjmktjvls sle1 - Yjnen ue mlbjnezl tnbprkel tnbprkel (netrn (netrn ;?-;= kûls), ne prjemjpjl pkrnmn pkrnmn rntrksl rntrksl bnetkf. bnetkf.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Fnedukan y mlbplrtkbjnetl inslrdkejzkil. - ]uhrn kftnrkmjýe in fk mleiumtk. - Khnmtjvjiki kpfkekik. - Jinks infjrketns buy insnstrumturkiks - Ns fk in pnlr prlelstjml
i. Nsqujzlhrnej Nsqujzlhrnejkk jeijhnrnemj jeijhnrnemjkik kik Ns ue suotjpl in nsqujzlhrnejk qun tjnen fls mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls in N[Q, pnrl el mubpfn fls mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls in fls suotjpls ketnrjlrns. Ns ue tjpl in nsqujzlhrnejk sje kfumjekmjlens ej infjrjls, pnrl nf nehnrbl pjnrin sus mkpkmjikins, nehnrbls qun el nemkake ne ejeduek in fks hlrbks in nsqujzlhrnejk insmrjtks.
n. Nsqujzlhrnej Nsqujzlhrnejkk rnsjiukf Srnsnetk sýfl sjetlbktlfldâk endktjvk, k pnskr in qun kpkrnmne inspuês in ue npjslijl l orltn psjmýtjml kduil mle sjetlbktlfldâk plsjtjvk, lmurrn mukeil sn mrlejhjmke fks kftnrkmjlens ketnrjlrns.
H. ]jetlbkt ]jetlbktlfldâk lfldâk Fk nsqujzlhrnejk ns uek pktlfldâk mle uek mfâejmk okstketn kbpfjk, ijhâmjf in kdrupkr y infjbjtkr, sje nbokrdl, gky munstjlens qun plinbls ikr mlbl kspnmtls mlbuens1 - Sêrijik in mletkmtl mle fk rnkfjiki1 tketl jetnrek (rupturk inf Zl), mlbl nxtnrek (inf pkmjnetn mle su netlrel). - El mlemjnemjk mlemjnemjk in nehnrbniki (jesjdgt)1 (jesjdgt)1 Kusnemjk l plorn mlemjnemjk in fk ekturkfnzk y drkvniki inf trkstlrel. Ik fudkr k jemubpfjbjnetl tnrkpêutjml. - Yrkstlrels inf pneskbjnetl1 ´
Hlrbk. Losnrvkofns ne nf fnedukan y ne fk nsmrjturk.
´
Mletnejil. Infjrjls1 Infjrjls1 jinks koslfutkbnetn hkfsks y qun pnrsjstne pnrsjstne ne mletrk in tlik nvjinemjk. Fks jiks sunfne snr insnstrumturkiks (mle plml mletnejil mrnâofn). ]unfne snr in pnrsnmumjýe, in mufpk, in drkeinzk, rnfjdjlsls, ntm.
- Kftnrkmjlens in fk sneslpnrmnpm sneslpnrmnpmjýe1 jýe1 fl bës hrnmunetn hrnmunetn fks kfumjekmjlens y psnuilkfumjekmjlens kuijtjvks - Kftnrkmjlens in fk khnmtjvjiki1 kpfkekbjnetl khnmtjvl khnmtjvl l nboltkbjnetl khnmtjvl1 kusnemjk in rnspunstk khnmtjvk, nxprnsjýe hkmjkf jebutkofn, nsmksnz in mletkmtl vjsukf. - Hkftk in bltjvkmjýe, koufjk1 hkftk in ksnl n gjdjnen, hkftk in pnrsjstnemjk ne nf trkokal, in nenrdâk. - Kjsfkbjnetl slmjkf1 slmjkf1 ijsbjeumjýe in jetnrês jetnrês ne kmtjvjikins”gloojns, kmtjvjikins”gloojns, kusnemjk in rnfkmjlens mle kbjdls, ijsbjeumjýe inf jetnrês snxukf. - Yrkstlrels in fk psjmlbltrjmjiki1 vke insin fk kdjtkmjýe gkstk fk mktktlejk, butjsbl, nxmjtknxmjtkmjýe, hfnxjojfjiki mêrnk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Yrkstlrels in mleiumtk1 mleiumtks nxtrkvkdketns, nxmêetrjmks l jekprlpjkiks tketl ne nf vnstjil mle ne fk kpkrjnemjk ne dnenrkf. Ykbojêe ne nf mlbplrtkbjnetl slmjkf y snxukf, mle mlbplrtkbjnetl kdrnsjvl l kdjtkil, mleiumtk rnpntjtjvk, ntm. Fls sâetlbks in fk nsqujzlhrnejk sn ijvjine ne ils drkeins drupls sndñe Keirnksne1
k. ]âetlbks plsjtjvls (Nxmnsl l ijstlrsjýe in fks huemjlens elrbkfns) Mlestjtujils plr kfumjekmjlens, infjrjls, ijsdrndkmjýe, enlfldjsbl, mktktleâk, ntm.0 sâetlbks rnfkmjlekils mle bkejhnstkmjlens kmtjvks. ]us rksdls bës rnfnvketns sle1 - Kfumjekmjlens - Jinks infjrketns - Fnedukan inslrdkejzkil n jemlgnrnetn - Mlbplrtkbjnetl drkvnbnetn inslrdkejzkil (kdjtkmjýe, jemkpkmjiki jemkpkmjiki in lrdkejzkrsn y in bketnenr fk gjdjnen pnrslekf) l mktktýejml (mle uek ijsbjeumjýe in fk kmtjvjiki psâqujmk y bltlrk gkstk ffndkr k uek hkftk tltkf in ktnemjýe y rjdjinz). ]le sâetlbks qun rnspleine bnalr kf trktkbjnetl y tjnene bnalr prleýstjml.
o. ]âetlbks endktjvls (Skrnmne rnhfnakr uek ijsbjeumjý ijsbjeumjýe e l pêrijik in fks huemjlens elrbkfns) Mlestjtujils plr ue kpfkekbjnetl khnmtjvl, kpktâk, koufjk, kjsfkbjnetl slmjkf, ntm.0 tlils fls sâetlbks rnfkmjlekils mle bkejhnstkmjlens pksjvks mle tneinemjk k ue intnrjlrl in fks rnfkmjlens pnrslekfns y slmjkfns. Fls sâetlbks endktjvls mlbprneine rnstrjmmjlens rnstrjmmjlens11 - Nboltkbjnetl khnmtjvl1 el rnkmmjýe ketn nstâbufls nblmjlekfns. - Slornzk inf gkofk (kfldjk). - Koufjk l kpktâk - Kegnilejk - Butjsbl - Kjsfkbjnetl slmjkf Fls sâetlbks endktjvls kftnrke fk mkpkmjiki in huemjlekr ne fk vjik ijkrjk in fls pkmjnetns, sle pnrsleks qun kmkoke kjsfëeilsn y pnrijneil k fls kbjdls. _nspleine pnlr kf trktkbjnetl.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
D. Mursl in fk nsqujzlhrnejk - Hksn prlirýbjmk (sjetlbktlfldâk plml mfkrk) ´
Mlbplrtkbjnetl kutjstk
´
Mlbplrtkbjnetl kesjlsl
´
Kokeilel l insmujil in kmtjvjikins gkojtukfns, kubnetl kubnetl in jetnrês plr hjflslhâk, hjflslhâk, tnbks tnbks nsltêrjmls, lmuftjsbl.
- Hksn kduik, orltn orltn nsqujzlhrêejml nsqujzlhrêejml (prnsnemjk in sâetlbks sâetlbks psjmýtjmls mfkrls). - Hksn rnsjiukf (prnsnemjk in kfduels sâetlbks).
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Nf mursl bës mlbñe sn mkrkmtnrjzk plr nxkmnrokmjlens kduiks, mle kubnetl in intnrjlrl ne mkik npjslijl.
G. Srleýstjml in fk Nsqujzlhrnejk - ?3% sn rnmupnrk tltkfbnetn - ?3%-=3% sn rnmupnrk pkrmjkfbnetn - >3%-83% sn mrlejhjmk Jeijmkilrns in oune prleýstjml - Jejmjl tkriâl in fk nehnrbniki -
Ounek kikptkmjýe slmjkf, fkolrkf y hkbjfjkr
-
Nxjstnemjk in kdnetns nstrnsketns insnemkineketns Mlbjnezl kduil Kusnemjk in ketnmni nine netn tnss hkbjf jfjjkrns Kplyl slmjlhkbjfjkr Mkpkmj Mkp kmjiki iki pkr pkrkk mlf mlfkol kolrkr rkr ne nf trk trktkb tkbjne jnetl tl Slmks, l ejeduek rnmkâik ne > kûls
-
Jeijmkilrns in bkf prleýstjml - Jejmjl prnmlz - Mlbl mlesnmunemjk in fl ketnrjlr, bkfk kikptkmjýe -
Kusnemjk in kdnetns nxtnrels
-
Mlbjnezl fnetl n jesjijlsl Nxjstnemjk in ketnmninetns hkbjfjkrns Kusnemjk in kplyl slmjlhkbjfjkr Slmkk mlf Slm mlfkol kolrkm rkmjýe jýe ne nf trk trktkb tkbjne jnetl tl Bñftjpfns rnmkâiks
J. Yrktkbjnetl Ils mlbplenetns prjemjpkfns mlehlrbke nf trktkbjnetl in fk nsqujzlhrnejk1
k. Hkrbkmlfýdj Hkrbkmlfýdjml ml Nf trktkbjnetl hkrbkmlfýdjml sn utjfjzk pkrk ijsbjeujr fls sâetlbks y nvjtkr rnmjijvks. Fk Bkylrâk sle hërbkmls ketjilpkbjeêrdjmls, kuequn tkbojêe punine tnenr nhnmtls ketjmlfjeêrdjmls, ketjkirneêrdjketjkirneêrdjmls y ketjgjstkbâejmls. Nf prjbnr ketjpsjmýtjml hun fk mflrprlbkzjek insmuojnrtk ne fls kûls >3, y hun utjfjzkik ne nstls nehnrbls. K nstls hërbkmls sn fn inelbjek tkbojêe enurlfêptjmls l ketjpsjmýtjmls, y sn ijvjine ne ils drupls1 - Ketjpsjmýtjmls tâpjmls1 sle hërbkmls qun tjnene bës nhnmtls snmueikrjls in tjpl nxtrkpjrkbjikf (pkr`jeslejsbl), y rnspleine bnalr bnalr hrnetn k sâetlbks plsjtjvls. Nstls sn punine ijvjijr k su vnz ne ils tjpls1 ´
Jemjsjvls1 kmtñke kmtñke slorn rnmnptlrns ilpkbjeêrdjmls (I; y I?). Yjnene bumgls nhnmtls nhnmtls nxtrkpjrkbjikfns. Netrn nffls nemletrkbls nf gkflpnrjilf, g kflpnrjilf, hfuhnekmjek, ntm.…
´
]niketns1 kmtñke mle mle nhnmtls nhnmtls ketjmlfjeêrdjmls, ketjgjstkbâejmls y kfhk-oflqunketn, kfhk-oflqunketn, plr nsl sus sus nhnmtls snmueikrjls bës gkojtukfns sle fk snikmjýe, gjpltnesjýe y fls nhnmtls ketjmlfjeêrdjmls. Netrn nffls nemletrkbls fk mflrprlbkzjek, fnvlprlbkmjek, tjlrjikmjek, ntm.
- Ketjpsjmýtjmls Ketjpsjmýtjmls ktâpjmls1 ktâpjmls1 jetnrkmmjleke jetnrkmmjleke mle rnmnptlrns rnmnptlrns snrltlejeêrd snrltlejeêrdjmls, jmls, bnalrk bnalrk fls sâetlbks sâetlbks endktjendktjvls, tjnen plmls nhnmtls in tjpl nxtrkpjrkbjikf. Netrn nffls tnenbls1
nijtlrjkf } mnp
´
Ijonezlijkmnpjeks1 buy utjfjzkiks kmtukfbnetn (mflzkpjek, lfkezkpjek, quntjkpjek), fl bës jbplrtketn ns qun fk mflzkpjek tjnen ue nhnmtl snmueikrjl drkvn qun ns fk kdrkeuflmjtlsjs, qun enmnsjtk in nstrjmtl mletrlf kekfâtjml y bêijml. Slmls l eufls nhnmtls nxtrkpjrkbjikfns.
´
_jspnrjilek1 kf oflqunkr rnmnptlrns ilpkbjeêrdjmls, bnalrk sâetlbks plsjtjvls y endktjendktjvls, plmls nhnmtls nxtrkpjrkbjikfns.
´
Ltrls1 Qjprksjilek, kbjfsufpjrjin, ntm. Ykbojêe sn sjdune tnrkpjks nfnmtrlmlevufsjvks ne pkmjnetns mktktýejmls, ne hrkmksl in fk tnrkpjk hkrbkmlfýdjmk l mletrkjeijmkmjýe in nstk. Ykbojêe sle jeijmkmjlens in nstn tjpl in tnrkpjk ne fls trkstlrels ojplfkrns y inprnsjlens bkylrns. bkylrns. Nstk têmejmk têmejmk sn rnkfjzk okal kenstnsjk y rnfkakmjýe rnfkakmjýe busmufkr inf pkmjnetn.
o. Ssjmltnrkpjk y rngkojfjtkmjýe psjmlslmjkf Fk psjmltnrkpjk jeijvjiukf ns mletrkjeijmkik, el ksâ fk tnrkpjk drupkf l hkbjfjkr qun sunfne snr buy onenhjmjlsk. Fk psjmltnrkpjk drupkf ns buy ñtjf pkrk nf netrnekbjnetl ne gkojfjikins g kojfjikins slmjkfns. Snrbjtne fk rngkojfjtkmjýe slmjkf y fkolrkf inf pkmjnetn, qun kprnein k rnfkmjlekrsn mle fls inbës y k bkenakrsn ne fk vjik mltjijkek inspuês in mletrkâik fk nehnrbniki. Fl jbplrtketn ns qun punike tnenr ue mlbplrtkbjnetl kinmukil inetrl inf gldkr, ksâ mlbl uek bnalr vjik slmjkf kyuiëeilfls k rnjetndrkrsn ne fk mlbuejiki y rnmupnrkr fk kmtjvjiki niumktjvk y fkolrkf. ^el in fls loantjvls hueikbnetkfns in fk psjmltnrkpjk ns trkokakr fk mlemjnemjk in nehnrbniki, fl qun mleffnvkrk ue bkylr mubpfjbjnetl tnrkpêutjml y ue bnelr rjnsdl in rnmkâiks. Ykbojêe ns jbplrtketn bnalrkr nf mletkmtl mle su netlrel, mleijmjlekil slornbkenrk plr sus kfumjekmjlens y pnrmnpmjýe nrrýenk in fk rnkfjiki. Nf kolrikan in fks kfumjekmjlens ns tnbk jbplrtketn jbp lrtketn ne fk rnfkmjýe inf pnrslekf p nrslekf skejtkrjl mle nf nehnrbl, sjneil fk bnalr nstrktndjk fk in el jbplenr rkzlekbjnetls, sjel nxpfjmkr mýbl vnbls nsk rnkfjiki insin eunstrl puetl in vjstk. Fk jetnrvnemjýe psjmlslmjkf kyuik k fls pkmjnetns y sus hkbjfjkrns k rnslfvnr prlofnbks, gkmnr hrnetn kf nstrês, khrletkr fk nehnrbniki y sus mlbpfjmkmjlens y prnvnejr fks rnmkâiks. Fks jetnrvnemjlens psjmlslmjkfns rnhunrzke fk mkpkmjiki in fk pnrslek pkrk nehrnetkrsn kf nstrês l kikptkrsn k fls nhnmtls in fk nehnrbniki.
A. Ltrls trkstlre trkstlrels ls psjmýtjmls k. Yrkstlrel nsqujzlkhnmtjvl ]n mkrkmtnrjzk plr fk prnsnemjk in sâetlbks in nsqujzlhrnejk, k fls qun sn fn kûkin ue trkstlrel in tjpl khnmtjvl l inf nstkil keâbjml, yk snk in tjpl inprnsjvl, bkeâkml l bkeâkml inprnsjvl. ]n trktk in trkstlrels npjsýijmls ne fls f ls mukfns fls sâetlbks khnmtjvls mlbl fls nsqujzlhrêejmls sle instkmkils iurketn nf bjsbl npjslijl in nehnrbniki, prnhnrjofnbnetn in hlrbk sjbuftëenk l mle plmls iâks in ijhnrnemjk netrn uels y ltrls. Fls nehnrbls qun suhrne npjslijls nsqujzlkhnmtjvls rnmurrnetns, ne pkrtjmufkr, kqunffls muyls sâetlbks sle in tjpl bkeâkml bës qun in tjpl inprnsjvl, dnenrkfbnetn sn rnmupnrke mlbpfntkbnetn y sýfl rkrk vnz inskrrlffke ue nstkil inhnmtukf. Inone instkmkrsn fls nhnmtls in mlesubl in irldks, in ltrls bnijmkbnetls l in nehnrbniki bêijmk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
o. Yrkstlrel nsqujzlhrnejhlr nsqujzlhrnejhlrbn bn Fks mkrkmtnrâstjmks nsnemjkfns nsnemjkfns in nstn trkstlrel sle jiêetjmks k fk nsqujzlhrnejk, pnrl su nvlfumjýe el ns bkylr in 8 bnsns (pkrk nf ijkdeýstjml in nsqujzlhrnejk tjnen qun gkonr ue pnrâlil in 8 bnsns mle sâetlbks mletjeuls). El sn prliumn ue intnrjlrl in fk kmtjvjiki slmjkf ej fkolrkf.
m. Yrkstlrel infjrketn l pkrkeljk • Mlemnptl @kpfke y ]kilm` inhjene nf trkstlrel infjrketn mlbl kqunf muyk prjemjpkf bkejhnstkmjýe, sj el fk ñejmk, ns uek jink infjrketn hjak n jeblijhjmkofn, ketnrjlrbnetn mlelmjik mlbl pkrkeljk. Nstks jinks ne prjemjpjl el sle nxmnsjvkbnetn nxtrkûks l jevnrlsâbjfns y sn bketjnene bës in = bnsns sndñe fk MJN-;3. Kquâ el nxjstn intnrjlrl bkejhjnstl in fk pnrslekfjiki. ]n ijstjedun in fk nsqujzlhrnejk plrqun ne nf trkstlrel infjrketn fls infjrjls sn prnsnetke in hlrbk mlgnrnetn y lrdkejzkik, qun gkmne qun snke jemfusl mrnâofns, el kpkrnmne kftnrkmjlens in fk sneslpnrmnpmjýe (kfumjekmjlens), ej inf fnedukan, ej in fk khnmtjvjiki, y sâ mleiumtks mlesnmunetns mle fls infjrjls mlbl glstjfjiki, insmlehjkezk, kdrnsjvjiki y nuhlrjk. ]u kpkrjmjýe sunfn snr kfrninilr in fls 93 kûls. Gkorâk qun insmkrtkr ne nstn trkstlrel uek oksn lrdëejmk. Nxjstne ijvnrsls tjpls in infjrjl1
• Yjpls Infjrjl in pnrsnmumjýe Ns nf bës hrnmunetn, nf suantl sn mrnn nspjkil, ijhkbkil, ij hkbkil, y vâmtjbk in hrkuins. Ne lmksjlens prnsnetk mleiumtks kdrnsjvks vjlfnetks. K bneuil gky uek oksn rnkf qun nstë insbnsurkikbnetn nxkdnrkik. Instkmk ne nstls jeijvjiuls fk tneinemjk k fk jetnrprntkmjýe y k nxpfjmkrfl tlil. Infjrjl mnfltâpjml Nf suantl mrnn qun su pkrnak fn ns jehjnf y ousmk tlil tjpl in prunoks qun inbunstrne su mrnnemjk. ]n sjnetn hrustrkil y prjvkil in uek ounek rnfkmjýe, fk mukf sn jetnrprntk ne nf snetjil in qun nf mýeyudn prnhjnrn k ltrl. El tkrik ne jejmjkr jeikdkmjlens n jevnstjdkmjlens pnrslekfns l bnijketn intnmtjvns. Infjrjl nrltlbkeâkml Nf suantl mrnn snr kbkil plr ltrk pnrslek, dnenrkfbnetn hkblsk l in ejvnf nmleýbjml supnrjlr, k fk qun punin ffndkr k kmlskr. Ns bës hrnmunetn ne buanrns. ]u jejmjl ns rnfktjvkbnetn rëpjil y sn oksk ne kfduek jetnrprntkmjýe je tnrprntkmjýe nrrýenk. Infjrjl in drkeinzk Nf suantl mrnn tnenr bêrjtls nxmnpmjlekfns, tnenr kfduek rnfkmjýe nspnmjkf mle fk ijvjejiki, mle nf dlojnrel, ntm. Infjrjl slbëtjml Nf jeijvjiul mrnn tnenr bkfhlrbkmjlens ne nf munrpl l bkf huemjlekbjnetl, jehnmmjlens, pkrësjtls, ntm. Infjrjl in rnjvjeijmkmjýe ]n nstkofnmne ijhnrnetns ejvnfns. Mukeil vnrsk slorn fk fny, nf infjrjl sjnbprn mlflmk kf jeijvjiul ne aujmjls y prlmnsls, hrutl in mlestketns ineuemjks. Mukeil vnrsk slorn fk skfui, ns nf infjrjl gjplmleirâkml, nf suantl rnmfkbk fk ksjstnemjk skejtkrjk mletrk fk qun hlrbufkrë bñftjpfns rnmfkbkmjlens.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Hlfjn ë inux ]n trktk in ue infjrjl mlbpkrtjil plr ils l bës pnrsleks. Mfësjmkbnetn sn rnqujnrn qun fks pnrsleks khnmtkiks bketnedke uek rnfkmjýe âetjbk, nf mletnejil infjrketn snk snbnaketn y mlbpkrtke uek mlevjmmjýe. Fks plsjojfjikins sle vkrjkiks netrn nehnrbls nsqujzlhrêejmls, enurýtjmls inpneijnetns y pkrkeljmls0 kuequn netrn nstls ñftjbls sn rndjstrke bës mksls.
• Mkrkmtnrâstjmks - Fk prnvkfnemjk prnvkfnemjk in kpkrjmjýe ns ns bnelr bnelr qun ne fk nsqujzlhrnejk (3,3=%) - ]u niki in kpkrjmjýe ns bës tkriâk - ]u jejmjl sunfn snr snr jesjijlsl y prldrnsjvl, prldrnsjvl, k ijhnrnemjk inf jejmjl bës hrnmunetn ne fk nsqujzlhrnejk qun nrk nf kduil. - Fls infjrjls infjrjls tjneine k jemfujr sjtukmjlens sjtukmjlens qun plirâke lmurrjr ne fk vjik rnkf, mlbl snr snr pnrsndujil, nevnenekil, jehnmtkil, kbkil k ijstkemjk l nedkûkil plr uek nsplsk l kbketn. ]le mrnnemjks hkfsks slstnejiks mle hjrbnzk y qun sle rnsjstnetns k fk rkzýe l k fk mlehrletkmjýe mle gnmgls rnkfns. - El mlemjnemjk mlemjnemjk in nehnrbniki (bnels (bnels qun fk nsqujzlhrnejk, plr nsl ns buy ijhâmjf fk kignrnekignrnemjk kf trktkbjnetl).
• ]jetlbktlfldâk ^e infjrjl punin surdjr k pkrtjr in ue prnnxjstnetn trkstlrel pkrkeljin in fk pnrslekfjiki. Mlbnezkeil ne fk niki kiuftk tnbprkek, fks pnrsleks mle ue trkstlrel pkrkeljin in fk pnrslekfjiki sn bunstrke jbprndekiks in uek insmlehjkezk y in uek slspnmgk in fls inbës y in sus bltjvkmjlens. Fls prjbnrls sâetlbks jemfuyne nf snetjrsn nxpfltkil, nstkr prnlmupkil plr fk fnkftki l mlehjkezk in fls kbjdls, vnr kbnekzks ne sumnsls l mlbnetkrjls ojnejetnemjlekils, bketnenr rnemlrns bumgl tjnbpl y rnspleinr vjvkbnetn k fl jetnrprntkil mlbl insprnmjl. Inspuês in gkonr insmkrtkil ltrks mleijmjlens nspnmâhjmks kslmjkiks, nf ijkdeýstjml in infjrjl prjemjpkfbnetn ne fk gjstlrjk pnrslekf. SK_KELJK Jejmjl jesjijlsl Okak prnvkfnemjk 3,3=% Snrslekfjiki pk pkrkeljin Infjrjl nstrumturkil El intnrjlrl in in pn pnrsle lekkfj fji iki Ns rk rkrl rl qu qunn gk gkyk yk kf kfum umje jekm kmjl jlen enss Bkfk Bk fk rn rnsspu puns nstk tk kf tr trkt ktkb kbjn jnet etl l
N][^JQLH_NEJK Jejmjl kduil Kftk prnvkfnemjk ;% Snrslekfjiki el elrbkf-nsqujzljin Infjrjl insnstrumturkil Snrslekfji jikki kf kftnrkik Kfum Kf umje jekm kmjl jlen enss ku kuij ijtj tjvk vkss _nsspu _n puns nstk tk kf kfdl dl bna nalr lr
• Yrktkbjnetl ]le trkstlrels mrýejmls y rnsjstnetns k trktkbjnetls hkrbkmlfýdjmls. Nf infjrjl el mleiumn dnenrkfbnetn k uek jemkpkmjiki l k mkbojls drkvns ne fk pnrslekfjiki. ]je nbokrdl, fk pnrslek punin jetndrkrsn mkik vnz bës ne su infjrjl. Fk bkylrâk in fks pnrsleks punin mletjeukr trkokakeil.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Ne nf trktkbjnetl inf trkstlrel infjrketn kyuik fk ounek rnfkmjýe bêijml-pkmjnetn, y tjnen fk ijhjmuftki in fk kusnemjk in mlemjnemjk in nehnrbniki inf pkmjnetn. Sunin enmnsjtkrsn fk glspjtkfjzkmjýe sj nf bêijml mrnn qun nf pkmjnetn ns pnfjdrlsl. ^e loantjvl in trktkbjnetl k fkrdl pfkzl ns insvjkr nf hlml in ktnemjýe inf infjrjl gkmjk ue ërnk bës mlestrumtjvk y drktjhjmketn, kuequn nffl ns hrnmunetnbnetn ijhâmjf in mlesndujr. Fk rnfkmjýe mle nstn tjpl in pkmjnetns ns kftkbnetn ijhjmuftlsk, slorn tlil plr su suspjmkmjk nxkdnrkik, ns jbplrtketn el blstrkr mleiumtks kbojduks mlbl susurrkr, dkstkr orlbks, ntm.…
i. Yrkstlrel psjmýtjml inojil k uek nehnrbniki bêijmk Kpkrnmne kfumjekmjlens n jinks infjrketns mlbl mlesnmunemjk in fls nhnmtls hjsjlfýdjmls ijrnmtls in uek nehnrbniki bêijmk. Ne fk MJN-;3 sn inelbjek ‖kfumjlelsjs lrdëejmk‒ l ‖trkstlrel ‖ trkstlrel infjrketn lrdëejml‒. Mlbl ntjlfldâk in nstk sjetlbktlfldâk sn nemunetrke nehnrbnikins neilmrjeks, bntkoýfjmks, enurlfýdjmks y fls trkstlrels kutljebuens mle khnmtkmjýe inf sjstnbk enrvjlsl mnetrkf.
n. Yrkstlrel psjmýtjml jeiumjil plr sustkemjks ]n mkrkmtnrjzk plr fk prnsnemjk in kfumjekmjlens y/l jinks infjrketns qun sn mlesjinrke nhnmtls hjsjlfýdjmls ijrnmtls in kfdueks sustkemjks mlbl irldks, bnijmkbnetls l týxjmls. Skrk mlesjinrkr qun ue trkstlrel ns inojil kf mlesubl in sustkemjks sjnbprn nf pkmjnetn inon gkonr tnejil uek jetlxjmkmjýe l gkonr pkskil uek kostjenemjk.
h. Yrkstlrels psjmýtjmls kduils y trkesjtlr trkesjtlrjls jls ]le trkstlrels in jejmjl kduil (in bnels in ? snbkeks). Sunin kpkrnmnr in hlrbk rnpnetjek l mlbl mlesnmunemjk in ue kmletnmjbjnetl nstrnsketn. Fk sjetlbktlfldâk sn mkrkmtnrjzk plr fk prnsnemjk in infjrjls, kfumjekmjlens y mlehusjýe bnetkf0 nstn mlrtnal ns mkbojketn y vkrjkofn. Nf prleýstjml ns ounel, nspnmjkfbnetn sj fk jestkurkmjýe inf mukirl gk sjil sñojtk (97 glrks l bnels). Ne nstls trkstlrels sn jemfuyne1 - Ssjmlsjs punrpnrkf Kpkrnmn ne fk prjbnrk snbkek snbkek inspuês inspuês inf pkrtl y ns in mkrëmtnr trkesjtlrjl. El prnsnetk prnsnetk sjdels sjdels in nstrês slmjkf. Srnsnetk npjslijls in mlehusjýe bnetkf, gjpnrkmtjvjiki, jegjojmjýe y trkstlrels khnmtjvls. ]unfne nxjstjr ketnmninetns hkbjfjkrns in nehnrbniki bnetkf. Yjnene oune prleýstjml y sn prliumn mlbl mlesnmunemjk in uek kftnrkmjýe glrblekf0 gky kutlrns qun mrnne qun ns inojil kf nstrês mkuskil plr nf kmletnmjbjnetl bktnrekf. ]j ns drkvn y rnqujnrn trktkbjnetl tjnen ounek rnspunstk k fk YNM. - Oluhhnê infjrketn Nf suantl suantl prnsnetk prnsnetk kfumjekmjlens kfumjekmjlens n jinks infjrketns qun vkrâke vkrâke ne hlrbk n jetnesjiki jetnesjiki in ue iâk pkrk ltrl n jemfusl ne glrks. Ns in jejmjl orusml y punin l el nxjstjr ue kmletnmjbjnetl nstrnsketn. - Ssjmlsjs rnkmtjvk ]jnbprn nxjstn uek mkusk nstrnsketn mlbl ntjlfldâk in êstk. Fk oksn hueikbnetkf inf trktkbjnetl in fls trkstlrels psjmýtjmls psjmýtjmls jemfuyn trktkbjnetls ojlfýdjmls1 nf hkrbkmlfýdjml mle enurlfêptjmls lrkfns l jeynmtkofns, kesjlfâtjmls, kesjlfâtjmls, gjpeýtjmls, ketjinprnsjvls0 ketjinprnsjvls0 y nf nfêmtrjml mle fk YNM. Ykbojêe jemfuyn trktkbjnetls psjmltnrkpêutjmls1 psjmltnrkpjk jeijvjiukf in kplyl, psjmltnrkpjk in drupl, tnrkpjk hkbjfjkr, rngkojfjtkmjýe y rnjesnrmjýe slmjkf. slmjkf.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
>.= Inprnsjýe K. Mlemnptl Ne su hlrbk in sâeirlbn jetndrkf, fk inprnsjýe mfâejmk sn bkejhjnstk mlbl trkstlrel inprnsjvl bkylr, mle uek nvlfumjýe npjsýijmk y drkils vkrjkofns in bkejhnstkmjlens rnsjiukfns netrn npjslijls. ]n inhjen mlbl nf trkstlrel in fk khnmtjvjiki mkrkmtnrjzkil plr uek trjstnzk prlhueik n jebltjvkik, ijsbjeumjýe in fk kmtjvjiki hâsjmk y psâqujmk y pêrijik in jetnrês je tnrês plr fks lmupkmjlens gkojtukfns. Mlestjtuyne ue drupl gntnrldêenl in nehnrbnikins, tâpjmkbnetn rnmurrnetns, ilein sn jemfuyne nf trkstlrel uejplfkr (inprnsjvl) y nf ojplfkr (bkejkmlinprnsjvl). Mlesjstne ne kftnrkmjlens inf gublr mle mkrëmtnr jehjftrktjvl, qun sn kmlbpkûke in ijshuemjýe psjmlbltrjz y sâetlbks vndntktjvls. Fls insýrinens inf nstkil in ëejbl sn nemunetrke netrn fls trkstlrels bës hrnmunetns losnrvkils, tketl ne fk prëmtjmk psjqujëtrjmk mlbl ne nf nanrmjmjl mltjijkel inf bêijml in hkbjfjk. Fks vkrjkmjlens inf nstkil in ëejbl, pktlfýdjmls ne mkfjiki y ne jetnesjiki, punine snr insin fk inprnsjýe prlhueik gkstk fk jfkmjýe bkeâkmk, fk ijstjbjk inprnsjvk sjneil bumgl bës hrnmunetn qun nf nstkil keâbjml nxpkesjvl y nuhýrjml in fk bkeâk. Fk trjstnzk y fk kfndrâk sle pkrtn in fk vjik mltjijkek, qun mlevjnen ijhnrnemjkr in fk inprnsjýe y inf añojfl blrolsl. Fk trjstnzk y fk inprnsjýe elrbkfns sle rnspunstks gubkeks uejvnrskfns ketn fk hrustrkmjýe, fk inmnpmjýe y ltrks sjtukmjlens kivnrsks0 ijmgk rnspunstk punin snr kikptktjvk, mle ue rntrkjbjnetl qun mlesnrvk jetkmtls jetkmtls fls rnmursls jetnrels jetnrels in fk pnrslek. Nstn tjpl in rnkmmjlens el sle kelrbkfns, kuequn fks pnrsleks mle tneinemjk k fk inprnsjýe punine vnejrsn kokal ne nsks lmksjlens. Nf iunfl elrbkf, prltltjpl in fk inprnsjýe rnkmtjvk, tjnen fudkr mlbl rnspunstk k snpkrkmjlens y pêrijiks sjdejhjmktjvks (p. na., bunrtn, snpkrkmjýe bktrjblejkf, insnedkûl kblrlsl, ntm.). Fk nxkftkmjýe, usukfbnetn rnfkmjlekik mle nf êxjtl y fls fldrls, k vnmns sn mlesjinrk uek inhnesk hrnetn k fk inprnsjýe l uek endkmjýe inf ilflr plr uek pêrijik. Ne pnrsleks prnijspunstks k nffl, tkfns rnkmmjlens punine ffnvkr k ue nstkil in bkeâk. Slr nf mletrkrjl, hrnetn k kmletnmjbjnetls plsjtjvls punin ikrsn uek inprnsjýe pkrkiýajmk, qujzës inojil kf kubnetl in rnspleskojfjikins kslmjkiks k fk eunvk sjtukmjýe qun gky qun nemkrkr slfl. ]n ffndk kf ijkdeýstjml in inprnsjýe l bkeâk mukeil fk trjstnzk l fk kfndrâk sle eltlrjkbnetn jetnesks y vke bës kffë in fl qun mkorâk nspnrkr mlbl nhnmtl in ue hkmtlr nstrnsketn nstrnsketn in fk vjik l mukeil uek u ltrk surdne ne kusnemjk in nstâbufl. Fls sâetlbks y sjdels k bneuil sn kdrupke ne sâeirlbns jeinpneijnetns qun tâpjmkbnetn rnmurrne uek y ltrk vnz l, mle bnelr hrnmunemjk, pnrsjstne sje rnbjsjýe.
O. Npjinbjlf Npjinbjlfldâk ldâk Ne nf ?3% in fks buanrns y nf ;?% in fls glborns sn ik k fl fkrdl in fk vjik kfdñe npjslijl in trkstlrel inf nstkil in ëejbl qun punin pu nin rnqunrjr ktnemjýe nspnmjkfjzkik. Ykfns mukirls mlestjtuyne ne su bkylrâk trkstlrels inprnsjvls bkylrns. Fk jemjinemjk in trkstlrel ojplfkr sn sjtñk netrn nf 9 y nf >%. Nf eñbnrl in buanrns khnmtkiks plr inprnsjýe ns nf ilofn qun nf in glborns, bjnetrks qun nf trkstlrel ojplfkr sn prnsnetk plr jdukf ne kbols snxls0 sje nbokrdl, fks
nijtlrjkf } mnp
hlrbks inprnsjvks prnilbjeke ne fks buanrns y fks vkrjketns bkeâkmks ne fls glborns. Nf trkstlrel ojplfkr sunfn jejmjkrsn gkmjk fls ?3 l =3 kûls0 fls trkstlrels uejplfkrns fl gkmne plr têrbjel bnijl netrn fls ?3 y fls 93 kûls. Fk pnrtnenemjk kf snxl hnbnejel ns nf prjemjpkf rjnsdl inbldrëhjml inbldrëhjml pkrk fk inprnsjýe. Nf trkstlrel ojplfkr ns kfdl bës hrnmunetn ne fks mfksns slmjlnmleýbjmkbnetn bës kftks. Fls hkmtlrns mufturkfns pkrnmne blijhjmkr fks bkejhnstkmjlens mfâejmks in fls trkstlrels inf nstkil in ëejbl. Fls trkstlrels inf nstkil in ëejbl sle fks kftnrkmjlens psjqujëtrjmks in bkylr prnvkfnemjk, rnprnsnetkeil nf ?>% in fls pkmjnetns jedrnskils ne jestjtumjlens pñofjmks in skfui bnetkf.
M. Ntjlfldâk k. Yrkstlrels prjbkrjl prjbkrjlss inf nstkil in ëejbl Gky uek snrjn in hkmtlrns qun mletrjouyne k fk kpkrjmjýe in nstls trkstlrels1 fk gnrnemjk ns nf hkmtlr prnijsplenetn bës jbplrtketn. El sn skon k mjnemjk mjnrtk fk hlrbk ne qun sn gnrnike. Fk gjpýtnsjs bës ijhueijik ns fk gnrnemjk plfjdêejmk. ]n jdelrk quê ns fl gnrnikil, pnrl sn mrnn qun fk vâk hjekf mlbñe k tlils fls trkstlrels khnmtjvls mlesjstn ne uek kftnrkmjýe in fk huemjýe fjbol-ijnemnhëfjmk, kuequn nstuijls rnmjnetns koldke tkbojêe plr fk jbpfjmkmjýe in nstrumturks nxtrkpjrkbjikfns suomlrtjmkfns y sus mlenxjlens prnhrletkfns. Kinbës, pkrnmn qun nxjstn uek bkfk rndufkmjýe in fls enurltrkesbjslrns mlfjeêrdjmls, mktnmlfkbjeêrdjmls (elrkirnekfjek y ilpkbjek) y snrltlejeêrdjmls (>-GY).
o. Sêrijik in uel in fls prldnejtl prldnejtlrns rns iurketn fk jehkemjk El kubnetk nf rjnsdl in qun ue jeijvjiul inskrrlffn ue trkstlrel inf nstkil in ëejbl. ]je nbokrdl, ne nf mksl in qun fk pnrslek ffndun k gkmnr ue mukirl in nsn tjpl, fk inprnsjýe tjnein bës k kpkrnmnr ne fk auvnetui y k sndujr uek nvlfumjýe mrýejmk jetnrbjtnetn, ikeil fudkr k ue eltkofn trkstlrel in fk pnrslekfjiki y k jetnetls in sujmjijl.
m. Hkmtlrns in nstrês Sunine jeiumjr npjslijls in kftnrkmjýe inf nstkil in ëejbl sle tketl psjmlfýdjmls mlbl ojlfýdjmls. Fls npjslijls inprnsjvls y bkeâkmls sunfne jr prnmnijils in kmletnmjbjnetls vjtkfns trkubëtjmls, slorn tlil snpkrkmjlens.
i. Snrslekfjiki Fk inprnsjýe punin ikrsn ne mukfqujnr tjpl in pnrslekfjiki, pnrl ns bës mlrrjnetn ne jeijvjiuls mle tnbpnrkbnetl jemfjekil k fk ijstjbjk l fk mjmfltjbjk. Ns bës prlokofn qun surak inprnsjýe uejplfkr ne pnrsleks jetrlvnrtjiks y mle tneinemjk k fk kesjniki, k bneuil mkrnetns in fls rnmursls slmjkfns enmnskrjls pkrk kikptkrsn k fks prnsjlens prlpjks in fk vjik y qun tjnene ijhjmuftkins pkrk rnmupnrkrsn in ue npjslijl inprnsjvl. Slr nf mletrkrjl, fks pnrsleks mle trkstlrels ojplfkrns sunfne snr nxtrlvnrtjiks y kbojmjlsks, y k bneuil mlboktne fk inprnsjýe bnijketn fk kmtjvjiki.
n. ]nxl Nf snxl hnbnejel mlbl hkmtlr in rjnsdl pkrk pkinmnr inprnsjýe sunfn nxpfjmkrsn plr fk prnsuetk ekturkfnzk bës slmjkofn in fks buanrns, sus rksdls in inpneinemjk y fk jeinhnesjýe pkrk mletrlfkr
nijtlrjkf } mnp
nf prlpjl instjel ne uek slmjniki hueikbnetkfbnetn bksmufjek. El lostketn, fk vufenrkojfjiki ojlfýdjmk tkbojêe tjnen jbplrtkemjk. Slr ltrl fkil, ne buanrns ns bës hrnmunetn qun sn ine kftnrkmjlens in fk huemjýe tjrljink. Kinbës, fk buanr punin mlesubjr ketjmlemnptjvls lrkfns qun mletjnene prldnstnrlek, in nhnmtl inprnslr, n jdukfbnetn suhrne mkbojls neilmrjels prnbnestrukfns y plspkrtl. Ns bës prlokofn qun fks buanrns inprjbjiks mlrrnspleike kf tjpl in pnrslekfjiki jetrlvnrtjik, bnfkemýfjmk n jegjojik tâpjmk inf trkstlrel uejplfkr, bjnetrks qun fls glborns mle inprnsjýe prlokofnbnetn tneirëe ue tjpl in pnrslekfjiki bës nxtrlvnrtjik y trkstlrels snmueikrjls inf nstkil in ëejbl.
h. _jnsdl in ]ujmjijl Nf sujmjijl, fk bës drkvn mlbpfjmkmjýe ne fls pkmjnetns mle trkstlrels inf nstkil in ëejbl, ns mkusk in bunrtn ne nf ;> kf ?>% in fls pkmjnetns sje trktkbjnetl0 bjnetrks qun fk inprnsjýe el intnmtkik l bkf trktkik lrjdjek inf >3 kf 43% in fls mksls in sujmjijl mlesubkil. Nf sujmjijl, qun ns bës mlrrjnetn ne glborns aývnens y kemjkels mkrnetns inf kinmukil kplyl slmjkf, tjnein k ikrsn inetrl in fls 9-> kûls sjdujnetns kf prjbnr npjslijl mfâejml. Fls pnrâlils in bkylr rjnsdl in sujmjijl sle fk hksn in rnmupnrkmjý rnmupnrkmjýe e jebnijktkbnetn mlesnmutjvk k fk inprnsjýe (mukeil fk kmtjvjiki psjmlbltrjz nstë vlfvjneil k fk elrbkfjiki, pnrl nf nstkil in ëejbl tlikvâk nstë koktjil), fls nstkils ojplfkrns bjxtls, nf pnrâlil prnbnestrukf y fls kejvnrskrjls mle ue sjdejhjmkil nspnmjkf pkrk nf jeijvjiul. Nf mlesubl mlemlbjtketn in kfmlglf u ltrks irldks tkbojêe kubnetk nf rjnsdl in sujmjijl. ^el in fls hkmtlrns ojlquâbjmls inf sujmjijl pkrnmn snr fk ijshuemjýe in fk snrltlejek, sjneil nhjmkz pkrk prnvnejrfl fk prlhjfkxjs mle fjtjl (nstkojfjzkilr inf sjstnbk in fk snrltlejek).
I. Ijkdeýstj Ijkdeýstjml ml Nf ijkdeýstjml sn oksk ne1 - Mukirl sjetlbëtjml - Nvlfumjýe - gjstlrjk hkbjfjkr - rnspunstk k fk jetnrvnemjýe slbëtjmk. Nf ijkdeýstjml in inprnsjýe mfâejmk kmlstubork k snr snemjffl. ]n oksk ne nf mleauetl in sâetlbks y sjdels ketns insmrjtls, qun mlevjnen insmkrtkr ne tlils fls pkmjnetns, slorn tlil ne fls qun ijmne el enmnsjtkr e nmnsjtkr trktkbjnetl l sn ejndke k mlfkolrkr pkrk rnkfjzkr prunoks ijkdeýstjmks l tnrkpêutjmks. Mlbl oksn ijkdeýstjmk puin snrvjr in jestrubnetl ñtjf kfdueks in fks prjemjpkfns mfksjhjmkmjlens in fls trkstlrels bnetkfns. K mletjeukmjýe, sn nxplen fls mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls inf MJN ;31
Ne bnijls kmkiêbjmls k vnmns vnmns sn utjfjzke prunoks in ijshuemjýe fâbojmlijnemnhëfjmk, mlbl fk prunok in nstjbufkmjýe in fk glrblek fjonrkilrk in tjrltrlpjek (Y_G), fk prunok in suprnsjýe in inxkbntkslek (S]I) y nf NND.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
H=?.3 H=?.; H=?.? H=?.= H=?.7 H=?.:
Npjslijl inprnsjvl fnvn. Npjslijl inprnsjvl blinrkil. Npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn sje sâetlbks psjmýtjmls. Npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn mle sâetlbks psjmýtjmls. Ltrls npjslijls inprnsjvls. Npjslijl inprnsjvl sje nspnmjhjmkmjýe.
k. H=? Npjslijl Npjslijlss inprnsjvls Ne fls npjslijls inprnsjvls tâpjmls nf nehnrbl qun fks pkinmn suhrn ue gublr inprnsjvl, uek pêrijik in fk mkpkmjiki in jetnrnskrsn y ijshrutkr in fks mlsks, uek ijsbjeumjýe in su vjtkfjiki qun ffnvk k uek rniummjýe in su ejvnf in kmtjvjiki y k ue mkeskemjl nxkdnrkil, qun kpkrnmn jemfusl trks ue nshunrzl bâejbl. Ykbojêe sle bkejhnstkmjlens in fls npjslijls inprnsjvls1 k) Fk ijsbjeumjýe in fk ktnemjýe ktnemjýe y mlemnetrkmjýe. o) Fk pêrijik in fk mlehjkezk ne ne sâ bjsbl y snetjbjnetls snetjbjnetls in jehnrjlrjiki. m) Fks jinks in mufpk y in snr snr jeñtjf (jemfusl ne fls npjslijls fnvns). i) ^ek pnrspnmtjvk pnrspnmtjvk slborâk slborâk inf huturl. n) Fls pneskbjnetls pneskbjnetls y kmtls kmtls sujmjiks l in kutlkdrnsjlens. kutlkdrnsjlens. h) Fls trkstlrels inf sunûl. d) Fk pêrijik inf kpntjtl. Fk inprnsjýe inf nstkil in ëejbl vkrâk nsmkskbnetn in ue iâk pkrk ltrl y el sunfn rnspleinr k mkbojls kbojnetkfns, kuequn punin prnsnetkr vkrjkmjlens mjrmkijkeks mkrkmtnrâstjmks. Fk prnsnetkmjýe mfâejmk punin snr ijstjetk ne mkik npjslijl y ne mkik jeijvjiul. Fks hlrbks ktâpjmks sle pkrtjmufkrbnetn hrnmunetns ne fk kilfnsmnemjk. Ne kfduels mksls, fk kesjniki, nf bkfnstkr y fk kdjtkmjýe psjmlbltrjz punine prnilbjekr slorn fk inprnsjýe. Fk kftnrkmjýe inf nstkil in ëejbl punin nstkr nebksmkrkik plr ltrls sâetlbks, tkfns mlbl jrrjtkojfjiki, mlesubl nxmnsjvl in kfmlglf, mlbplrtkbjnetl gjstrjýejml, nxkmnrokmjýe in hlojks l sâetlbks losnsjvls prnnxjstnetns l plr prnlmupkmjlens gjplmleirjkmks. Skrk nf ijkdeýstjml in npjslijl inprnsjvl in mukfqujnrk in fls trns ejvnfns in drkvniki gkojtukfbnetn sn rnqujnrn uek iurkmjýe in kf bnels ils snbkeks, kuequn pnrâlils bës mlrtls punine snr kmnptkils sj fls sâetlbks sle nxmnpmjlekfbnetn drkvns l in mlbjnezl orusml. o rusml. Kfduels in fls sâetlbks ketnrjlrns punine snr buy instkmkils y kiqujrjr ue sjdejhjmkil mfâejml nspnmjkf. Fls nanbpfls bës tâpjmls in nstls sâetlbks ‖slbëtjmls‒ sle1 pêrijik inf jetnrês l in fk mkpkmjiki in ijshrutkr in kmtjvjikins qun ketnrjlrbnetn nrke pfkmnetnrks, pêrijik in rnkmtjvjiki nblmjlekf k kmletnmjbjnetls y mjrmuestkemjks kbojnetkfns pfkmnetnrks, inspnrtkrsn plr fk bkûkek ils l bës glrks ketns in fl gkojtukf, nbpnlrkbjnetl bktutjel inf gublr inprnsjvl, prnsnemjk loantjvk in jegjojmjýe l kdjtkmjýe psjmlbltrjmns mfkrks (losnrvkiks l rnhnrjiks plr tnrmnrks pnrsleks), pêrijik bkrmkik in kpntjtl, pêrijik in pnsl (inf lrine inf > % l bës inf pnsl mlrplrkf ne nf ñftjbl bns), pêrijik bkrmkik in fk fjojil. Nstn sâeirlbn slbëtjml gkojtukfbnetn el sn mlesjinrk prnsnetn kf bnels qun muktrl l bës in fks ketnrjlrns mkrkmtnrâstjmks nstêe inhjejtjvkbnetn prnsnetns. prnsnetns. Jemfuyn1 - Npjslijls kjsfkils in rnkmmjýe inprnsjvk. - Inprnsjýe psjmýdnek (H=?.3, H=?.; l H=?.?).
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Inprnsjýe rnkmtjvk (H=?.3, H=?.; l H=?.?). - Inprnsjýe bkylr (sje sâetlbks psjmýtjmls).
o. H=?.3 Npjslijl inprnsjvl fnvn Skutks pkrk nf ijkdeýstjml Ëejbl inprnsjvl, fk pêrijik in jetnrês y in fk mkpkmjiki in ijshrutkr, y nf kubnetl in fk hktjdkojfjiki sunfne mlesjinrkrsn mlbl fls sâetlbks bës tâpjmls in fk inprnsjýe, y kf bnels ils in nstls trns inone nstkr prnsnetns pkrk gkmnr ue ijkdeýstjml inhjejtjvl, kinbës in kf bnels ils inf rnstl in fls sâetlbks neubnrkils ketnrjlrbnetn (ne H=?.-, pëdjek ;>?). Ejeduel in fls sâetlbks inon nstkr prnsnetn ne ue drkil jetnesl. Nf npjslijl inprnsjvl inon iurkr kf bnels ils snbkeks. ^e nehnrbl mle ue npjslijl inprnsjvl fnvn sunfn nemletrkrsn khnmtkil plr fls sâetlbks y tjnen kfduek ijhjmuftki pkrk ffnvkr k mkol su kmtjvjiki fkolrkf y slmjkf, kuequn ns prlokofn qun el fks inan plr mlbpfntl. ]n punin utjfjzkr ue qujetl quje tl mkrëmtnr pkrk nspnmjhjmkr fk prnsnemjk in sâetlbks slbëtjmls1 - H=?.33 ]je sâeirlbn slbëtjml1 ]n sktjshkmne sktjshkmne tltkfbnetn fks pkutks in npjslijl inprnsjvl fnvn y nstëe prnsnetns plml sâeirlbn slbëtjml l ejeduel. - H=?.3; Mle sâeirlbn sâeirlbn slbëtjml1 slbëtjml1 ]n sktjshkmn sktjshkmne e fks pkutks in npjslijl inprnsjvl fnvn y tkbojêe nstëe prnsnetns muktrl l bës inf sâeirlbn slbëtjml (sj nstëe prnsnetns sýfl ils l trns, pnrl sle in uek drkvniki nxmnpmjlekf, punin nstkr austjhjmkil utjfjzkr nstk mktndlrâk).
m. H=?.; Npjslijl inprnsjvl blinrkil Skutks pkrk nf ijkdeýstjml Inone nstkr prnsnetns kf bnels ils in fls trns sâetlbks bës tâpjmls insmrjtls pkrk npjslijl inprnsjvl fnvn (H=?.3) ksâ mlbl kf bnels trns (y prnhnrjofnbnetn muktrl) in fls inbës sâetlbks. Ns prlokofn qun vkrjls in fls sâetlbks sn prnsnetne ne drkil jetnesl, kuequn nstl el ns nsnemjkf sj sle bumgls fls sâetlbks prnsnetns. Nf npjslijl inprnsjvl inon iurkr kf bnels ils snbkeks. ^e nehnrbl mle ue npjslijl inprnsjvl blinrkil sunfn tnenr drkeins ijhjmuftkins pkrk plinr mletjeukr inskrrlffkeil su kmtjvjiki slmjkf, fkolrkf l ilbêstjmk. ]n punin utjfjzkr ue qujetl quje tl mkrëmtnr pkrk nspnmjhjmkr fk prnsnemjk in sâeirlbn slbëtjml1 - H=?.;3 ]je sâeirlbn slbëtjml1 ]n sktjshkmne sktjshkmne tltkfbnetn fks pkutks in npjslijl inprnsjvl blinrkil y el nstëe prnsnetns sâeirlbns slbëtjmls. - H=?.;; Mle sâeirlbn slbëtjml1 slbëtjml1 ]n sktjshkmne tltkfbnetn fks pkutks in npjslijl inprnsjvl blinrkil y nstëe tkbojêe prnsnetns muktrl l bës in fls sâeirlbns slbëtjmls (sj nstëe prnsnetns sýfl ils l trns, pnrl sle in uek drkvniki nxmnpmjlekf, punin nstkr austjhjmkil utjfjzkr nstk mktndlrâk).
i. H=?.? Npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn sje sâetlbks psjmýtjmls Iurketn ue npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn, nf nehnrbl sunfn prnsnetkr uek mlesjinrkofn kedustjk l kdjtkmjýe, k bnels qun fk jegjojmjýe snk uek mkrkmtnrâstjmk bkrmkik. Ns prlokofn qun fk pêrijik
nijtlrjkf } mnp
in nstjbkmjýe in sâ bjsbl, fls snetjbjnetls in jeutjfjiki l in mufpk snke jbplrtketns, y nf rjnsdl in sujmjijl ns jbplrtketn ne fls mksls pkrtjmufkrbnetn drkvns. ]n prnsuplen qun fls sâetlbks slbëtjmls nstëe prnsnetns mksj sjnbprn iurketn ue npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn. Skutks pkrk nf ijkdeýstjml Inone nstkr prnsnetns fls trns sâetlbks tâpjmls inf npjslijl inprnsjvl fnvn y blinrkil, y kinbës plr fl bnels muktrl in fls inbës sâetlbks, fls mukfns inone snr in jetnesjiki drkvn. ]je nbokrdl, sj nstëe prnsnetns sâetlbks jbplrtketns mlbl fk kdjtkmjýe l fk jegjojmjýe psjmlbltrjmns, nf nehnrbl punin nstkr plml ijspunstl l snr jemkpkz in insmrjojr bumgls sâetlbks mle intkffn. Ne nstls mksls nstë austjhjmkik uek nvkfukmjýe dflokf in fk drkvniki inf npjslijl. Nf npjslijl inprnsjvl inon iurkr elrbkfbnetn kf bnels ils snbkeks, pnrl sj fls sâetlbks sle pkrtjmufkrbnetn drkvns y in jejmjl buy rëpjil punin nstkr austjhjmkil gkmnr nf ijkdeýstjml mle uek iurkmjýe bnelr in i ls snbkeks. Iurketn ue npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn el ns prlokofn qun nf nehnrbl snk mkpkz in mletjeukr mle su kmtjvjiki fkolrkf, slmjkf l ilbêstjmk bës kffë in i n ue drkil buy fjbjtkil. Jemfuyn1 Npjslijls inprnsjvls kjsfkils in inprnsjýe kdjtkik. Bnfkemlfâk. Inprnsjýe vjtkf sje sâetlbk psjmýtjmls.
n. H=?.= Npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn mle sâetlbks psjmýtjmls Npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn qun sktjshkmn fks pkutks nstkofnmjiks ne H=?.?, y ne nf mukf nstëe prnsnetns kinbës jinks infjrketns, kfumjekmjlens l nstuplr inprnsjvl. Fks jinks infjrketns sunfne jemfujr tnbks in pnmkil, in rujek l in mktëstrlhns jebjenetns in fls qun nf nehnrbl sn sjnetn rnspleskofn. Fks kfumjekmjlens kuijtjvks u lfhktlrjks sunfne snr ne hlrbk in vlmns ijhkbktlrjks l kmusktlrjks l in lflrns k plirjil l mkren ne insmlbplsjmjýe. Fk jegjojmjýe psjmlbltrjz drkvn punin prldrnskr gkstk nf nstuplr. Fks kfumjekmjlens l jinks infjrketns punine nspnmjhjmkrsn mlbl mledrunetns l el mledrunetns mle nf nstkil in ëejbl. Jemfuyn npjslijls kjsfkils in1 - Inprnsjýe bkylr mle sâetlbks psjmýtjmls. - Inprnsjýe psjmýtjmk. - Ssjmlsjs inprnsjvk psjmýdnek. - Ssjmlsjs inprnsjvk rnkmtjvk.
h. H=?.7 Ltrls npjslijls inprnsjvls Npjslijls qun el rnñeke fks mkrkmtnrâstjmks in fls npjslijls inprnsjvls snûkfkils ne H=?.3-H=?.=, pnrl qun plr fk jbprnsjýe ijkdeýstjmk in mleauetl jeijmke qun sle in ekturkfnzk inprnsjvk. Slr nanbpfl, bnzmfks hfumtuketns in sâetlbks inprnsjvls (nspnmjkfbnetn in fk vkrjniki slbëtjmk) mle ltrl0 sâetlbks mlbl tnesjýe, prnlmupkmjýe, bkfnstkr l bnzmfks in sâetlbks inprnsjvls slbëtjmls mle ilflr pnrsjstnetn l mkeskemjl el inojil k mkusks lrdëejmks (mlbl fls qun sn losnrvke ne lmksjlens ne fls snrvjmjls in jetnrmlesuftk in glspjtkfns dnenrkfns). Jemfuyn1
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Inprnsjýe ktâpjmk. - Npjslijls kjsfkils in inprnsjýe ‖nebksmkrkik‒ sje nspnmjhjmkmjýe.
d. H=?.: Npjslijl inprnsjvl sje nspnmjhjmkmjýe Jemfuyn1 - Inprnsjýe sje nspnmjhjmkmjýe. Yrkstlrel inprnsjvl sje nspnmjhjmkmjýe.
N. ]âetlbks ]âetlbks,, sjdels y ijkdeýst ijkdeýstjml jml Nf nstkil in ëejbl tâpjml ns inprjbjil, jrrjtkofn y/l kesjlsl. Nf pkmjnetn punin blstrkr ue kspnmtl pktêtjml, mle nf mnûl hruemjil, fks mlbjsurks in fls fkojls gkmjk kokal, plsturk kfjmkâik, nvjtkeil bjrkr k fls lals y gkofkeil mle blelsâfkols l mkffkil. Nf nstkil in ëejbl nehnrbjzl sn kmlbpkûk in prnlmupkmjlens mle mufpk, jinks in kutlinejdrkmjýe, ijsbjeumjýe in fk mkpkmjiki pkrk mlemnetrkrsn, jeinmjsjýe, pêrijik in jetnrês plr fks kmtjvjikins gkojtukfns, rntrkjbjnetl slmjkf, insnspnrkezk, insnspnrkmjýe y pneskbjnetls rnmurrnetns in bunrtn y sujmjijl0 tkbojêe sle hrnmunetns fks kftnrkmjlens inf sunûl. Fk bnfkemlfâk (inprnsjýe neiýdnek) mlestjtuyn ue mukirl mfâejml mukfjtktjvkbnetn ijstjetl, mkrkmtnrjzkil plr uek eltkofn fnetjtui (in pneskbjnetl y kmtjvjiki) l kdjtkmjýe psjmlbltrjz (p. na., jequjntui, rntlrmnrsn fks bkels, gkofk ktrlpnffkik), pêrijik in pnsl, mufpkojfjiki jrrkmjlekf y pêrijik in fk mkpkmjiki pkrk nxpnrjbnetkr pfkmnr. Nf nstkil in ëejbl y fk kmtjvjiki vkrâke k fl fkrdl inf iâk, mle su puetl bës okal plr fk bkûkek. Fk bkylrâk in fls pkmjnetns bnfkemýfjmls pkinmne jeslbejl y sunfn tnenr ue insnl snxukf ijsbjeujil. Sunin gkonr kbnelrrnk. Fk kelrnxjk y fk pêrijik in pnsl punine mleiumjr k nbkmjkmjýe y kftnrkmjlens snmueikrjks inf nqujfjorjl gjirlnfnmtrlfâtjml. Kfduels nxpnrtls mlesjinrke fks bkejhnstkmjlens psjmýtjmks, psjmýtjmks, qun sn ike ne nf ;>% in fls pkmjnetns bnfkemýfjmls, nf snffl ijstjetjvl in ue suotjpl inprnsjvl psjmýtjml l infjrketn. Ksâ, nf pkmjnetn punin tnenr nf infjrjl in gkonr mlbntjil pnmkils l mrâbnens jbpnrilekofns0 vlmns kfumjektlrjks fn kmuske in infjtls ijvnrsls l fn mleineke k bunrtn. Fks kfumjekmjlens vjsukfns sle jehrnmunetns. Fls snetjbjnetls in jesndurjiki n jeutjfjiki punine ffnvkr k kfduels pkmjnetns k mrnnrsn losnrvkils l pnrsndujils. Ne fk inprnsjýe ktâpjmk fls sjdels vndntktjvls ilbjeke nf mukirl mfâejml, jemfuyneil sâetlbks in kesjniki y hlojk, nbpnlrkbjnetl elmturel, jeslbejl jejmjkf, gjpnrslbejk n gjpnrhkdjk mle dkekemjk in pnsl. Kf rnvês qun fls pkmjnetns mle bnfkemlfâk, fls qun prnsnetke inprnsjýe ktâpjmk bunstrke ue nstkil in ëejbl mlflrjstk ketn plsjofns kmletnmjbjnetls plsjtjvls, pnrl k bneuil sn inrruboke ketn fks bnelrns kivnrsjikins, mkyneil ne uek inprnsjýe pkrkfjzketn.
H. Yrktkbjnetl k. Srjemjpjls dnenrkfns Fk bkylrâk in fls pkmjnetns mle inprnsjýe punine snr trktkils ne rêdjbne kboufktlrjl. Nf trktkbjnetl in nfnmmjýe pkrk fk inprnsjýe in blinrkik k drkvn ns fk hkrbkmltnrkpjk, jemfujik ne nf mletnxtl in fk tnrkpjk in kplyl y nf psjmlniumkmjýe0 fks inprnsjlens bës fnvns punine trktkrsn mle psjmltnrkpjk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Skrk kfduels pkmjnetns nf ijkdeýstjml in inprnsjýe punin snr jekmnptkofn, in hlrbk qun nf bêijml inonrë trkequjfjzkrfns nxpfjmëeilfns qun êstk el jbpfjmk ue inhnmtl in mkrëmtnr, ikeil kfduek nxpfjmkmjýe slorn fks kftnrkmjlens ojlfýdjmks prlpjks inf mukirl. K fls pkmjnetns prnlmupkils plr fk enmnsjiki in ‖tlbkr pkstjffks‒ sn fns punin trkequjfjzkr ijmjêeilfns qun fls ketjinprnsjvls el mrnke gëojtl. Fk hkrbkmltnrkpjk inon mletjeukrsn plr fl bnels tketl tjnbpl mlbl fk iurkmjýe ekturkf in ue npjslijl inprnsjvl (ns inmjr, 8 bnsns).
Sunin snr ñtjf ikr mlesnals nspnmâhjmls k fls pkmjnetns, netrn ltrks mlsks, sudnrjr qun sn bketnedke fl bës kmtjvls plsjofn, jetnetkr nstkr ne mlbpkûâk in ltrks pnrsleks, el mufpkojfjzkrsn k sâ bjsbls plr nstkr inprjbjils y rnmlrikr qun fls pneskbjnetls lsmurls hlrbke pkrtn in fk nehnrbniki y kmkokrëe plr jrsn slfls.
o. Ketjinprn Ketjinprnsjvls sjvls • Jegjojilrns in fk rnmkptkmjýe snfnmtjvk in snrltlejek (J_]]) Jemfuyne fls sjdujnetns hërbkmls1 hfulxntjek, snrtrkfjek, pkrlxntjek y hfuvlxkbjek. Fls J_]] y ltrls ketjinprnsjvls kmtñke eunvls slorn nf sjstnbk in fk snrltlejek (>-gjirlxjtrjptkbjek P>-GYR). Nstls hërbkmls mkrnmne in nhnmtls ketjmlfjeêrdjmls, kirnelfâtjmls y slorn fk mleiummjýe mkriâkmk. Fls J_]] sle snfnmtjvls inf sjstnbk >-GY, pnrl jenspnmâhjmls ne sus kmmjlens slorn fls ijvnrsls tjpls in rnmnptlrns >-GY. Ksâ fk nstjbufkmjýe >-GY ; prliumn nhnmtls kesjlfâtjml y ketjinprnsjvl. Fls nhnmtls snmueikrjls bës gkojtukfns sle snxukfns (p. na., ijsbjeumjýe in fk fjojil y ijhjmuftki lrdësbjmk). Ltrls plsjofns nhnmtls snmueikrjls sle fk ijkrrnk y nf ilflr in mkonzk. Fks jetnrkmmjlens
nijtlrjkf } mnp
bnijmkbnetlsks mle fls J_]] sle jehrnmunetns. Nstls hërbkmls sle sndurls ne mksl in slornilsjs, tjnene ue kbpfjl bkrdne tnrkpêutjml y sle rnfktjvkbnetn hëmjfns in kibjejstrkr, yk qun mksj el enmnsjtke kaustn in ilsjs. Fk nhjmkmjk in nstls bnijmkbnetls gk mletrjoujil k fk kbpfjk kmnptkmjýe inf trktkbjnetl ketjinprnsjvl plr fls pkmjnetns. Fls J_]] tkbojêe nstëe jeijmkils ne fls trkstlrels kslmjkils mle inprnsjýe ne qun fls ketjinprnsjvls gntnrlmâmfjmls el rnsuftke tke nhjmkmns, mlbl lmurrn ne nf trkstlrel ijstâbjml, fk inprnsjýe ktâpjmk, fk nstkmjlekf, nf trkstlrel losnsjvl-mlbpufsjvl, fks hlojks slmjkfns, fk oufjbjk, nf sâeirlbn prnbnestrukf y, plsjofnbnetn, nf trkstlrel in pnrslekfjiki olrinrfjen.
• Enhkzlilek Hueikbnetkfbnetn, oflqunk fls rnmnptlrns >-GY ?, tkbojêe jegjon fk rnmkptkmjýe in >-GY y in elrkirnekfjek, prliumjneil ue nhnmtl ketjinprnsjvl y kesjlfâtjml sje ijshuemjýe snxukf. Kf mletrkrjl qun fk bkylrâk in fls ketjinprnsjvls, fk enhkzlilek el suprjbn nf sunûl _NB, in hlrbk qun jeiumn ue insmkesl rnpkrkilr.
• Yrkzlilek Kmtñk mlbl oflqunketn in fls rnmnptlrns >-GY ?, pnrl el jegjon fk rnmkptkmjýe prnsjeëptjmk in >-GY. Ns ue oflqunketn in fls rnmnptlrns elrkirneêrdjmls ο; y prliumn gjpltnesjýe plsturkf. Yjnen ue nhnmtl subkbnetn sniketn, plr fl qun su nbpfnl ne ilsjs ketjinprnsjvks (5933 bd/i) ns fjbjtkil.
• Bjrtkzkpjek Oflqunk fls kutlrrnmnptlrns λ ?-kirneêrdjmls, ksâ mlbl fls rnmnptlrns >-GY ? y >-GY=. Nf rnsuftkil in nffl ns uek kmtjvjiki snrltlejeêrdjmk bës nhjmkz, sje ijshuemjýe snxukf ej eëusnks. Mkrnmn in nhnmtls snmueikrjls slorn fk huemjýe mkriâkmk, jetnrkmtñk bâejbkbnetn mle fks nezjbks gnpëtjmks nemkrdkiks in bntkolfjzkr fls bnijmkbnetls y sunfn tlfnrkrsn ojne, skfvl plr fk snikmjýe y fk dkekemjk in pnsl inojiks kf oflqunl in G; (gjstkbjek).
• Ketjinprnsjvls gntnrlmâmfjmls Nf trktkbjnetl nstëeikr in fk inprnsjýe gkstk ;::3, jemfuyne fls ketjinprnsjvls trjmâmfjmls (fks kbjeks tnrmjkrjks kbjtrjptjfjek n jbjprkbjek y sus bntkolfjtls, elrtrjptjfjek y insjprkbjek), fls trjmâmfjmls blijhjmkils y fls tntrkmâmfjmls. Ne kibjejstrkmjýe kduik nstls hërbkmls kubnetke hueikbnetkfbnetn fk ijsplejojfjiki in elrnkirnekfjek y, in >-GY, kf oflqunkr fk rnmkptkmjýe ne fk gneijiurk sjeëptjmk. Kf jdukf qun fls J_]], fls ketjinprnsjvls gntnrlmâmfjmls sle nhjmkmns ne nf 8>% in fls pkmjnetns mle inprnsjýe mfâejmk. Fls nhnmtls snmueikrjls bës gkojtukfns in fls ketjinprnsjvls gntnrlmâmfjmls inrjvke in su kmmjýe oflqunketn in fls rnmnptlrns busmkrâejmls y in fls λ ;-kirnelfâtjmls0 ne mlesnmunemjk, fk bkylrâk in nstls hërbkmls nstëe mletrkjeijmkils ne pkmjnetns mle mkrijlpktâks. In gnmgl, jemfusl ilsjs pnqunûks punine mkuskr tkqujmkrijk. Ltrls plsjofns nhnmtls snmueikrjls mlesjstne ne vjsjýe olrrlsk, xnrlstlbâk, tkqujmkrijk, nstrnûjbjnetl y tnensbl vnsjmkf. Inpneijneil in fk mlevnejnemjk l el in jeiumjr y bketnenr nf sunûl, fk snikmjýe punin mlesjinrkrsn ue nhnmtl snmueikrjl l uek utjfjiki. Ylils fls ketjinprnsjvls gntnrlmâmfjmls, gntnrlmâmfjmls, ne pkrtjmufkr fk bkprltjfjek y fk mflbjprkbjek, gkmne qun insmjneik nf uborkf in fks mlevufsjlens.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
• Xnefkhkxjek Yjnen ue bnmkejsbl in kmmjýe ilofn, slorn fk >-GY y fk elrkirnekfjek, jdukf qun fls ketjinprnsjvls trjmâmfjmls, pnrl sus nhnmtls snmueikrjls sle bës onejdels0 nf prlofnbk prjemjpkf sle fks eëusnks iurketn fks ils prjbnrks snbkeks. Nstn hërbkml ne lmksjlens punin kmtukr bës inprjsk qun ltrls ketjinprnsjvls (ne bnels in ; snb). Ns rnmlbneikofn mletrlfkr fk prnsjýe skeduâenk. Fk vnefkhkxjek tjnen mjnrtks vnetkaks slorn fls J_]]1 pkrnmn snr bës nhjmkz ne pkmjnetns mle inprnsjýe drkvn l rnhrkmtkrjk y pfketnk plmls rjnsdls mukeil sn kibjejstrk sjbuftëenkbnetn mle ltrls bnijmkbnetls.
• Ouprlpjle Mkrnmn in kmtjvjiki slorn nf sjstnbk >-GY. Jehfuyn hkvlrkofnbnetn ne fk huemjýe mktnmlfkbjeêrdjmk, ilpkbjeêrdjmk y elrkirneêrdjmk. Ns ue hërbkml rnfktjvkbnetn fjorn in nhnmtls mâmfjmls ne fk inprnsjýe ojplfkr. Sunin kyuikr k fls pkmjnetns inprjbjils qun sjbuftëenkbnetn prnsnetke trkstlrel in gjpnrkmtjvjiki mle iêhjmjt in ktnemjýe l inpneinemjk in fk mlmkâek, ksâ mlbl k qujnens nstëe jetnetkeil inakr in hubkr. Nf ouprlpjle el prliumn nhnmtls slorn nf sjstnbk mkrijlvksmufkr, pnrl punin jeiumjr mlevufsjlens. El prliumn nhnmtls snmueikrjls in tjpl snxukf n je tnrkmtñk buy plml mle ltrls bnijmkbnetls. ^el in sus nhnmtls kivnrsls bës mlrrjnetns ns fk kdjtkmjýe.
• Jegjojilrns in fk blelkbjelxjiksk (JBKL) Jegjone fk inskbjekmjýe lxjiktjvk in fls trns tjpls in kbjeks ojýdneks (elrkirnekfjek, ilpkbjek y >-GY) y in ltrks hnejfntjfkbjeks. Fls JBKL tjnene ue nhnmtl nsmksl l eufl slorn nf nstkil in ëejbl elrbkf y dnenrkfbnetn sle sndurls ketn ue plsjofn mlesubl kousjvl, kuequn fk trkejfmjprlbjek tjnen kfdñe nhnmtl ijrnmtl in tjpl kehntkbâejml. Nf bkylr vkflr in nstls hërbkmls rkijmk ne su nhjmkmjk mukeil ltrls ketjinprnsjvls gke hrkmkskil. Ykbojêe nstëe jeijmkils ne fk inprnsjýe ktâpjmk. Fls JBKL mlbnrmjkfjzkils kmtukfbnetn sle jrrnvnrsjofns y el snfnmtjvls (jegjone fk BKL-K y fk BKL-O). Sunine prliumjr mrjsjs gjpnrtnesjvks mukeil sn jedjnrne sjbuftëenkbnetn mle hërbkmls sjbpktjmlbjbêtjmls l mle kfjbnetls qun mletnedke tjrkbjek. Nstn nhnmtl sn inelbjek ‖rnkmmjýe kf qunsl‒, plrqun fls qunsls murkils tjnene ue kftl mletnejil ne tjrkbjek. Slr nstl fls JBKL sn uske plml kmtukfbnetn. Fls JBKL JBKL el inone uskrsn ne mlbojekmjýe mle ltrl tjpl tjpl in ketjinprnsjvls y ketns in mkbojkr k ltrl hërbkml hërbkml inone inakrsn pkskr plr fl bnels ? snb (> snb ne nf mksl in fk hfultnxjek, qun tjnen uek vjik bnijk fkrdk). Fls JBKL JBKL utjfjzkils auetkbnetn mle ketjinprnsjvls ketjinprnsjvls qun jehfuyne slorn nf sjstnbk in fk >-GY (p. na., J_]] y enhkzlilek) punine prliumjr ue sâeirlbn mlesjstnetn ne gjpnrtnrbjk bkfjdek, inshkffnmjbjnetl busmufkr, jesuhjmjnemjk rnekf, mlevufsjlens y, hjekfbnetn, bunrtn.
m. Skutks inf trktkbjnetl ketjinprnsjvl ne ijstjetls tjpls in inprnsjýe Fk hlrbk ne qun gkyk rnspleijil ketnrjlrbnetn nf pkmjnetn l ue bjnborl in su hkbjfjk k ue intnrbjekil ketjinprnsjvl dujkrë fk nfnmmjýe inf hërbkml. ]j el guol nxpnrjnemjk prnvjk, fl bnalr ns nbpnzkr mle ue J_]], plr snr in kibjejstrkmjýe kibj ejstrkmjýe hëmjf y sndurk. Ylils fls J_]] sle jdukf in nhjmkmns ne fk bkylr pkrtn in fls mksls in inprnsjýe, pnrl kfduels bêijmls utjfjzke fk hfulxntjek mle pkmjnetns fntërdjmls y fk hfuvlxkbjek y fk pkrlxntjek mle fls bës kesjlsls, bjnetrks qun fk snrtrkfjek ns nhjmkz
nijtlrjkf } mnp
pkrk kbols tjpls. Nf jeslbejl mlbl nhnmtl snmueikrjl mlrrjnetn in fls J_]] sn trktk rniumjneil fk ilsjs l kûkijneil uek ilsjs pnqunûk in ltrl ketjinprnsjvl gntnrlmâmfjml sniketn. Fk enhkzlilek ns nspnmjkfbnetn nhjmkz ne pkmjnetns mle kesjniki n jeslbejl y mkrnmn in nhnmtls snmueikrjls in tjpl snxukf. Nf ouprlpjle y fk bjrtkzkpjek tkbplml tjnene nsls nhnmtls. Fk hfulxntjek y nf ouprlpjle sle bnalrns ne pkmjnetns qun tjneine k dkekr pnsl iurketn fk inprnsjýe, bjnetrks qun qujnens gke tnejil uek pêrijik in pnsl ffkbktjvk punine onenhjmjkrsn mle fk bjrtkzkpjek. ]j sn kibjejstrk fk ilsjs mlbpfntk ne nf blbnetl in jrsn k fk mkbk fls gjpeýtjmls sunfne snr jeenmnskrjls, kinbës sn rniumne fls nhnmtls snmueikrjls iurketn nf iâk y sn bnalrk nf mubpfjbjnetl inf trktkbjnetl plr pkrtn inf pkmjnetn. Fls J_]] inone kibjejstrkrsn plr fk bkûkek, vjstk su tneinemjk k rnsuftkr nstjbufketns ne bumgls pkmjnetns. Ne mkbojl, fls JBKL y nf ouprlpjle sunfne ikrsn ne ils ilsjs ijkrjks (bkûkek y mlbjnezl in fk tkrin) pkrk nvjtkr uek nxmnsjvk nstjbufkmjýe. Fk enhkzlilek y fk vnefkhkxjek, ns prnhnrjofn kibjejstrkrfks ne ils tlbks (plr fk bkûkek y kf kmlstkrsn). Mle fk bkylr pkrtn in fls ketjinprnsjvls, fk rnspunstk tnrkpêutjmk sunfn lmurrjr ne nf pfkzl in ? k = snb (kfdueks vnmns tkrik tke plml mlbl 9 i l sn rntrksk tketl mlbl > k 7 snb). In 9 k 8 bnsns inspuês in fk rnspunstk sn rniumn fk ilsjs k ?/= in fk ilsjs tnrkpêutjmk nhjmkz, fundl sn vk ijsbjeuyneil drkiukfbnetn k fl fkrdl in ?-= bnsns gkstk fk suprnsjýe. Gky qun prlmurkr el gkmnr uek jetnrrupmjýe orusmk inf trktkbjnetl ketjinprnsjvl pkrk nvjtkr ue plsjofn rnoltn mlfjeêrdjml ne nf mksl in fls ketjinprnsjvls gntnrlmâmfjmls y fls sâetlbks in kostjenemjk. Ne fls mukirls in inprnsjýe buy rnmurrnetn, drkvn l mrýejmk, inon sndujrsn mle fk ilsjs kduik mlbl ilsjs in bketnejbjnetl. Skrk pkmjnetns kemjkels sunfne snr prnhnrjofns fls tjpls bës rnmjnetns in ketjinprnsjvls, yk qu n fls gntnrlmâmfjmls punine rnsuftkr mkrijltýxjmls, kdrkvkr nf dfkumlbk in ëedufl mnrrkil y fk gjpnrtrlhjk prlstëtjmk y prliumjr mlehusjýe. Fls pkmjnetns inprjbjils mle kesjniki dnenrkfjzkik rnspleine ojne, pnrl fnetkbnetn (punine pkskr gkstk bës in = bnsns), k fls gntnrlmâmfjmls sniketns sniketns (kbjtrjptjfjek, jbjprkbjek y ilxnpjek) y k fls ketjinprnsjvls bës rnmjnetns (enhkzlilek, pkrlxntjek y bjrtkzkpjek)0 plr su pkrtn, fk ouspjrlek, ne ilsjs in ;3 k =3 bd ils vnmns kf iâk, pkrnmn jr ojne slfkbnetn ne pkmjnetns qun euemk tlbkrle onezlijkmnpjeks. Mukeil fks mrjsjs in kedustjk sle prlbjenetns, fk rnspunstk k fls ketjinprnsjvls gntnrlmâmfjmls punin snr suoýptjbk y qujzës mlevnedk kûkijr uek onezlijkmnpjek iurketn ; k = snb. Inojil k fk pltnemjkf inpneinemjk in fks onezlijkmnpjeks, fls J_]] mle bnelrns prlpjnikins nstjbufketns sle prnhnrjofns pkrk fls pkmjnetns mle kedustjk y inprnsjýe.
i. Inprnsjý Inprnsjýe e rnhrkmtkrjk Mukeil ue J_]] rnsuftk jenhjmkz punin sustjtujrsn plr ltrl, pnrl ns prlokofn qun snk bës ñtjf ue ketjinprnsjvl in ltrl tjpl hkrbkmlfýdjml (p. na., vnefkhkxjek l ouprlpjle). Fk trkejfmjprlbjek k ilsjs kftks (in ?3 k =3 bd ?/i v.l.) k bneuil rnsuftk nhjmkz ne fk inprnsjýe rnhrkmtkrjk. Fk tnrkpjk plr nfnmtrlmglqun ns nf trktkbjnetl bës nhjmkz ne fk inprnsjýe drkvn rnhrkmtkrjk k fls hërbkmls. Ne fls mksls rnhrkmtkrjls, nf kplyl psjmlfýdjml kf pkmjnetn y k sus hkbjfjkrns rnvjstn nspnmjkf jbplrtkemjk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
n. Glspjtkfjzkmjýe Fks jinks sujmjiks pnrsjstnetns, ksâ mlbl fk prnsnemjk in nstuplr, inprnsjýe kdjtkik-infjrketn, inojfjiki hâsjmk y nehnrbniki mkrijlvksmufkr drkvn mlemlbjtketn, rnqujnrne glspjtkfjzkmjýe. Ne pkmjnetns glspjtkfkrjls trktkils mle ketjinprnsjvls y tnrkpjk plr nfnmtrlmglqun, trks nf kftk sunfn snr enmnskrjl mletjeukr nf trktkbjnetl hkrbkmlfýdjml ne rêdjbne kboufktlrjl iurketn 8 k ;? bnsns (gkstk ? kûls ne pkmjnetns bkylrns in >3 kûls) pkrk prnvnejr fks rnmkâiks.
h. Yrktkbjnetl in bketnejbj bketnejbjnetl netl Nf trktkbjnetl in uek inprnsjýe rnmurrnetn ns nf bjsbl qun ne ue npjslijl kjsfkil. Fks rnmjijvks sn prliumne ne nf 73% in fls pkmjnetns, qun inone rnmjojr trktkbjnetl ketjinprnsjvl in fkrdk iurkmjýe. Fk ilsjs sunfn kaustkrsn sndñe nf nstkil in ëejbl y fls nhnmtls snmueikrjls0 snmueikrjls0 sje nbokrdl, ne fk bkylrâk in fls pkmjnetns, fks rnmjijvks sn prnvjnene bnalr bketnejneil fk ilsjs tnrkpêutjmk mlbpfntk. Fls pkmjnetns mle ketnmninetns hkbjfjkrns in trkstlrel ojplfkr inone snr losnrvkils plr sj surdjnrk gjplbkeâk0 ne nstls pkmjnetns prlokofnbnetn ns nhjmkz nf trktkbjnetl in bketnejbjnetl mle mkrolektl in fjtjl. Gky qun gkmnr nf sndujbjnetl inf pkmjnetn kf bnels mkik ? k = bnsns.
D. Ijstjbjk k. Inhjejmjý Inhjejmjýe e Nstn ns ue trkstlrel mrýejml (sjdun ue mursl prlfledkil in bumgls kûls, sje trktkbjnetl punin pnriurkr tlik fk vjik), qun sn mkrkmtnrjzk plr fk prnsnemjk in gublr inprjbjil (l jrrjtkofn ne ejûls y kilfnsmnetns), ue koktjbjnetl prlfledkil inf nstkil in ëejbl ne qun nf suantl ijstâbjml sn insmrjon k sâ bjsbl mlbl ‖trjstn‒ l ‖inskejbkil‒, pnrijneil nf jetnrês plr fks mlsks y vjêeilsn k bneuil mlbl jeñtjf y plml jetnrnsketn. Slsnn sâetlbks pnrsjstnetns l jetnrbjtnetns, in jetnesjiki bës fnvn ne mlbpkrkmjýe k fk inprnsjýe bkylr, qun sn bketjnene iurketn fk bkylr pkrtn inf iâk y nstë prnsnetn mksj tlils fls iâks. K`js`kf (;:7=) fk inhjen mlbl ‖bkf gublr‒ y fk mkrkmtnrjzk plrqun ‖nf jeijvjiul nstë gkojtukfbnetn trjstn, jetrlvnrtjil, bnfkemýfjml, nxmnsjvkbnetn mlesmjnetn, jemkpkz in kfndrâk y prnlmupkil plr su jesuhjmjnemjk pnrslekf‒ Skrk @rknpnfje, fl qun mkrkmtnrjzk k fk ijstjbjk sle fls sâetlbks inprnsjvls in okal drkil, hueikbnetkfbnetn in tjpl suoantjvl (gublr y mldejmjýe) y fk kusnemjk in sjdels loantjvls (psjmlbltlrns y vndntktjvls). ]n punine vnr ils tjpls in trkstlrel ijstâbjml1 - Ijstjbjk Nsplrëijmk1 Nsplrëijmk1 mkptk nf 7>% in fls mksls, ne ne nf qun nf pkmjnetn tjnen bës iâks inprjbjils qun el, el gky nutjbjk slstnejik in bës in ? bnsns, ej tkbplml sn ike sâetlbks inprnsjvls iurketn ? snbkeks l bës. ]le pkmjnetns muyl nstkil in ëejbl mkbojk in inprjbjil k elrbkf in hlrbk nsplrëijmk. - Ijstjbjk mrýejmk1 mrýejmk1 mle sâetlbks inprnsjvls tlils tlils fls iâks, iâks, pnrl sje sje snr uek inprnsjýe bkylr0 bkylr0 in fls > sâetlbks bâejbls qun rnqujnrn êstk pkrk ijkdelstjmkrsn ksâ, fk ijstjbjk mlbl bumgl sýfl tjnen 9 sâetlbks. Kinbës, sn punin mfksjhjmkr mlbl prjbkrjk y snmueikrjk (Hnjdgenr nt kf,;:4?), ne huemjýe in quê nehnrbniki sn ikok prjbnrl. Fls pkmjnetns muyl trkstlrel ijstâbjml ns uek mlbpfjmkmjýe in ue kousl in sustkemjks prnvjl, kfmlglfjsbl, trkstlrel in pëejml u ltrls trkstlrels psjqujëtrjmls, sn ijhnrnemjke in fk ijstjbjk prjbkrjk0 ne êstk, fk nehnrbniki nbpjnzk y mletjeñk mlbl uek inprnsjýe mrýejmk nsplrëijmk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
o. Npjinbjlfldâk Nf trkstlrel ijstâbjml ns ue trkstlrel mlbñe netrn fk plofkmjýe dnenrkf, khnmtke in ue = k ue >% in tliks fks pnrsleks, sj ojne ltrls kutlrns gke rnhnrjil mjhrks ijhnrnetns qun lsmjfke netrn nf ;% y nf 4%, sjneil hrnmunetn netrn pkmjnetns mle ltrks pktlfldâks psjqujëtrjmks, bkejhnstëeilsn netrn ue tnrmjl y fk bjtki in tlils fls pkmjnetns. Fk prnvkfnemjk in npjslijls in inprnsjýe bkylr ne pkmjnetns mle ijstjbjk sn gk sjtukil ne ue 9?%. Kinbës in mlnxjstjr mle nf trkstlrel inprnsjvl bkylr, tkbojêe fl gkmne mlbñebnetn mle ltrls trkstlrels bnetkfns mlbl fls trkstlrels in kesjniki (ne nspnmjkf nf trkstlrel plr mrjsjs in kedustjk), nf kousl in sustkemjks. Z prlokofnbnetn, nf trkstlrel olrinrfjen in fk pnrslekfjiki. Fk ijstjbjk, k snbnakezk in fks inprnsjlens bkylrns, tkbojêe sn prnsnetk mle bkylr hrnmunemjk ne buanrns qun ne vkrlens, ne uek rnfkmjýe kprlxjbkik in ils buanrns plr mkik vkrýe. Fk niki in jejmjl in fk ijstjbjk sunfn snr tnbprkek, ne bumgks lmksjlens ketns in fls ?; kûls, y fk prnvkfnemjk vk kubnetkeil prldrnsjvkbnetn. Fls drupls in bkylr niki prnsnetke bkylrns prnvkfnemjks in ijstjbjk, sjneil bës mlbñe netrn buanrns in 89 kûls y netrn fls glborns in mukfqujnr niki. _nspnmtl kf nstkil mjvjf, sn gke insmrjtl bkylrns prnvkfnemjks ne pnrsleks el mkskiks, tketl ne pnrsleks slftnrks mlbl ijvlrmjkiks l vjuiks, qun ne pnrsleks mkskiks. Kf jdukf qun ne fk inprnsjýe bkylr, fk plofkmjýe qun vjvn ne zleks urokeks pkrnmn tnenr uek prnvkfnemjk fjdnrkbnetn bës kftk in ijstjbjk qun fk qun vjvn ne zleks rurkfns, kuequn nstn iktl el nstë mlbpfntkbnetn nstkofnmjil. Ne dnenrkf, el sn gk gkffkil uek mfkrk kslmjkmjýe netrn fk plsjmjýe slmjlnmleýbjmk.
Fk ijstjbjk sn gk kslmjkil k fk prnsnemjk in nehnrbnikins hâsjmks, mlbl ilflr pêfvjml mrýejml l sâeirlbn in mlfle jrrjtkofn, k nehnrbnikins enurlfýdjmks (nehnrbniki in Skr`jesle, jmtus, nsmfnrlsjs bñftjpfn, npjfnpsjk, nehnrbniki in Kfzgnjbnr), blfnstjks dkstrljetnstjekfns huemjlekfns.
m. Ntjlfldâk ^e tnbk nsnemjkf rnhnrnetn k fk mkusk inf trkstlrel ijstâbjml ns sj nstë rnfkmjlekil mle ltrls trkstlrels psjqujëtrjmls, jemfujils nf trkstlrel inprnsjvl bkylr y nf trkstlrel olrinrfjen in fk pnrslekfjiki. Fks ijstjbjks dukrike eubnrlsks mljemjinemjks nvlfutjvks, hkbjfjkrns, ojlfýdjmks n jemfusl, tnrkpêutjmks mle fks inprnsjlens bkylrns. Ne nstn mletnxtl, el sn punin ffndkr k uek mlemfusjýe0 sje nbokrdl, mlbl lmurrn mle fk bkylrâk in fls ijkdeýstjmls psjqujëtrjmls, fls pkmjnetns inhjejils plr fls mrjtnrjls inf I]B-X prnsnetke uek drke vkrjniki in prlmnsls pktlfýdjmls.
• Hkmtlrns Ojlfýdjmls Kfduels kspnmtls ojlfýdjmls slorn nf trkstlrel ijstâbjml kplyke su jemfusjýe ne nf drupl in fls trkstlrels inf nstkil in ëejbl. Xkrjls nstuijls nxjstne ne tlrel k fk jehfunemjk in nstls hkmtlrns1 - Nstuijls in sunûl. ^el in fls kspnmtls bës nstuijkils gk sjil fk fktnemjk _NB. Ne suantls elrbkfns nstn tjnbpl sn sjtñk kfrninilr in :3 bjeutls (43-;;3 bjeutls). ]je nbokrdl, sn
nijtlrjkf } mnp
gk mlestktkil qun nstk fktnemjk nstë rniumjik ne fks inprnsjlens prjbkrjks. Nstk rniummjýe inf tjnbpl in fktnemjk _NB tkbojêe sn gk losnrvkil ne kfdueks inprnsjlens mrýejmks. - Nstuijls enurlneilmrjels. enurlneilmrjels. Fls ils nans enurlneilmrjels enurlneilmrjels bës nstuijkils ne nf trkstlrel inprnsjvl bkylr y ne nf trkstlrel ijstâbjml sle nf nan kirnekf y nf tjrljinl, qun sn gke nxkbjekil utjfjzkeil nf tnst in fk suprnsjýe in fk inxkbntkslek (I]Y), y nf tnst in fk nstjbufkmjýe in fk fjonrkmjýe in fk glrblek tjrltrlpjek (Y_G), rnspnmtjvkbnetn. Kuequn fls nstuijls el sle inf tlil uejhlrbns, fk bkylrâk jeijmke qun fls pkmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel ijstâbjml tjnene bnels prlokojfjikins in prnsnetkr rnsuftkils kelrbkfns ne nf I]Y qun fls pkmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel inprnsjvl inprnsjvl bkylr. Fls nstuijls mle nf tnst in fk nstjbufkmjýe in fk Y_G gke prlplrmjlekil iktls prnfjbjekrns qun jeijmke qun fks kelrbkfjikins ne nf nan tjrljinl punine snr uek vkrjkofn kslmjkik k fk nehnrbniki mrýejmk. - Nstuijls in ojlquâbjmk. Fls trkokals ne ne qun sn gk inblstrkil uek bnalrâk in fk sjetlbktlfldâk mle rjtkesnrjek, ue pltnetn ketkdlejstk in fls rnmnptlrns >-GY? plstsjeëptjjmls >-GY; y >-GY?1 kbols rnmnptlrns nanrmâke kmmjlens lpunstks, plr fl qun ue kubnetl in fls nhnmtls snrltlejeêrdjmls slorn fk enurlek plirâk lotnenrsn bnijketn fk pltnemjkmjýe in fk huemjýe inf rnmnptlr >-GY; l bnijketn uek ketkdlejzkmjýe inf >-GY?. ]j nbokrdl, ne ue nstuijl in mnrnorls plstblrtne sn gkffý uek tneinemjk gkmjk uek bkylr inesjiki in rnmtlrns >-GY ne trkstlrels khnmtjvls bkylrns, pnrl el ne ijstâbjmls mukeil nrke mlbpkrkils mle mletrlfns. Fls rnmnptlrns pfkquntkrjls in Jbjprkbjek sn gke gkffkil ijsbjeujils ne ijstâbjmls y ne uejplfkrns rnspnmtl k suantls mletrlfns, kuequn rnprnsnetke uek drke vkrjkojfjiki. - Nstuijls in enurljbkdne. Kuequn sn gke rnkfjzkil nstuijls nstuijls in enurljbkdne ne ne fk ijstjbjk, ijstjbjk, el sn punine nxtrknr mlemfusjlens, ikil nf nsmksl eñbnrl in pkmjnetns nstuijkils y fk gntnrldnenjiki ijkdeýstjmk. Fls rnsuftkils in nstls nstuijls pkrnmne pkrnmne sudnrjr qun el gky uek kftnrkmjýe jinetjhjmkofn bnijketn fls bêtlils in enurljbkdne kmtukfbnetn ijsplejofns. - Nstuijls hkbjfjkrns. hkbjfjkrns. K`js`kf nemletrý qun nf 94% in =7 pkmjnetns pkmjnetns mle inprnsjýe mrýejmk mrýejmk prjbkrjk (inprnsjýe bkylr mle sâetlbks rnsjiukfns) tneâke bës ketnmninetns hkbjfjkrns in trkstlrel khnmtjvl, hrnetn kf ;7% in 9: inprnsjvls snmueikrjls mrýejmls. mrýejmls.
• Hkmtlrns Ssjmlslmjkfns Fks tnlrâks psjmlijeëbjmks rnhnrnetns kf inskrrlffl inf trkstlrel ijstâbjml plstufke qun nstn ns nf rnsuftkil in uek pnrslekfjiki y ue inskrrlffl inf ndl ‖inhnmtulsls ‖, qun prliumne ijhjmuftkins ne fk kikptkmjýe k fk kilfnsmnemjk y kf jejmjl in fk niki bkiurk. Fk okak kutlnstjbk, fk kegnilejk y fk jetrlvnrsjýe k bneuil sn kslmjke kf mkrëmtnr inprnsjvl. Fk tnlrâk mldejtjvk in fk inprnsjýe tkbojêe sn kpfjmk kf trkstlrel ijstâbjml. ]lstjnen qun uek ijspkrjiki netrn sjtukmjlens kmtukfns y hketksnkiks ijsbjeuyn f k kutlnstjbk y prliumn ue snetjbjnetl in jeinhnesjýe. Nf êxjtl in fk tnrkpjk mldejtjvk ne nf trktkbjnetl in kfduels pkmjnetns mle trkstlrel ijstâbjml prlplrmjlekrâk kfdñe kplyl kf blinfl tnýrjml qun fk sustnetk.
i. Ijkdeýstjml ]ndñe nf MJN-;3, fls sâetlbks qun inhjene nf trkstlrel ijstâbjml netrn fls mrjtnrjls nbpfnkils pkrk jevnstjdkmjýe ne fk MJN-;3, sn rnqujnrne = in i n ;; sâetlbks. Mrjtnrjls MJN-;3 pkrk nf ijkdeýstjml in trkstlrel ijstâbjml. - Srnsnemjk in ue pnrjlil pnrjlil in kf bnels ? kûls in ue nstkil in ëejbl inprjbjil inprjbjil ne hlrbk hlrbk mletjeuk l mlestketnbnetn rnmurrnetn.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Fls pnrâlils pnrâlils in inprnsjýe el tjnene fk drkvniki suhjmjnetn mlbl pkrk mubpfjr mrjtnrjls mrjtnrjls in trkstlrel inprnsjvl. - Slr fl bnels ne kfduels pnrâlils inone gkffkrsn trns l bës in fls sâetlbks sjdujnetns1 ´
Ijsbjeumjýe in vjtkfjiki l kmtjvjiki.
´
Jeslbejl.
´
Sêrijik in mlehjkezk l snetjbjnetls in jehnrjlrjiki.
´
Ijhjmuftki pkrk mlemnetrkrsn mlemnetrkrsn..
´
Ffketl hëmjf.
´
Sêrijik in jetnrês jetnrês plr kmtjvjikins snxukfns u ltrks ltrks pfkmnetnrks.
´
]netjbjnetls in insnspnrkezk.
´
]netjbjnetls in jemkpkmjiki rnspnmtl k fks rnspleskojfjikins gkojtukfns.
´
Snsjbjsbl slorn nf huturl huturl l mkvjfkmjlens mkvjfkmjlens slorn nf pkskil. pkskil.
´
Kjsfkbjnetl slmjkf.
´
Bnelr flmukmjiki in fl gkojtukf.
n. ]jetlbktlfldâk Nf trkstlrel ijstâbjml ns ue trkstlrel mrýejml qun sn mkrkmtnrjzk, el plr uek kpkrjmjýe npjsýijmk in fk nehnrbniki, sjel plr fk prnsnemjk nstkofn in fls sâetlbks. Ne mukfqujnr mksl, fls pkmjnetns mle nstn trkstlrel punine nxpnrjbnetkr vkrjkmjlens tnbplrkfns tnbplrkfns ne fk drkvniki in fls sâetlbks. Fls sâetlbks ne sâ bjsbl sle sjbjfkrns k fls inf trkstlrel inprnsjvl inprnsjvl bkylr, y fk prnsnemjk in ue ëejbl inprjbjil- mkrkmtnrjzkil plr snetjbjnetls in trjstnzk, in nstkr, ‖ne fks prlhueijikins inf kojsbl ‖, l uek ijsbjeumjýe l pêrijik in jetnrês inf pkmjnetn plr sus kmtjvjikins mltjijkeks- ns nsnemjkf ne nstn trkstlrel. Fk drkvniki in fls sâetlbks inprnsjvls ns dnenrkfbnetn bnelr qun ne nf trkstlrel inprnsjvl bkylr, pnrl fk kusnemjk in npjslijls ojne ijhnrnemjkils ns nf kspnmtl qun bës kpuetk gkmjk nf ijkdelstjml in ue trkstlrel ijstâbjml. Fls pkmjnetns mle nstn trkstlrel punine k bneuil snr skrmëstjmls, ejgjfjstks, qunalsls, inbkeiketns in ktnemjýe y nstkr kbkrdkils. Sunine nstkr tnesls y râdjils y rnsjstjrsn k fk jetnrvnemjýe tnrkpêutjmk, jemfusl kuequn kmuike rndufkrbnetn k fks mjtks. Mlbl rnsuftkil in nstl, nf nspnmjkfjstk punin snetjrsn nehkikil mle nffls y punin jemfusl prnstkr plmk ktnemjýe k fks qunaks inf pkmjnetn. Slr inhjejmjýe, fls pkmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel ijstâbjml el prnsnetke sâetlbks psjmýtjmls.
h. Mursl y prleýstjml Kprlxjbkikbnetn ue >3% in fls pkmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel ijstâbjml nxpnrjbnetke ue jejmjl tnbprkel, fls pkmjnetns suhrne nstls sâetlbks iurketn iêmkiks ketns in mlesuftkr mle nf psjqujktrk. Fks pnrsleks khnmtkiks punine mlesjinrkr nf jejmjl tnbprkel in su trkstlrel sjbpfnbnetn mlbl pkrtn in fk vjik. Nstls pkmjnetns prnsnetke ue rjnsdl bkylr in inskrrlffkr bës tkrin ue trkstlrel inprnsjvl bkylr l ue trkstlrel ojplfkr J. Fls nstuijls rnkfjzkils mle pkmjnetns ijkdelstjmkils in enurlsjs inprnsjvk jeijmke qun, kprlxjbkikbnetn ue ?3% in nffls prldrnske gkmjk nf trkstlrel inprnsjvl bkylr. ^e ;>% gkmjk nf trkstlrel ojplfkr JJ, y bnels in ue >% gkmjk nf trkstlrel ojplfkr J.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Nf prleýstjml pkrk fls pkmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel ijstâbjml ns vkrjkofn. Fls iktls ijsplejofns jeijmke qun slfl ne ue ;3% y ue ;>% in nstls pkmjnetns nstëe ne rnbjsjýe kf kûl inf ijkdeýstjml jejmjkf. ^e ?>% in fls pkmjnetns mle ue trkstlrel ijstâbjml euemk mlesjdune uek rnbjsjýe mlbpfntk.
d. Yrktkbjnetl Nf trktkbjnetl in nfnmmjýe sle fls J_]]. Fls ketjinprnsjvls trjmâmfjmls in kbjek snmueikrjk, nspnmjkfbnetn fk insjprkbjek, tkbojêe sle nhjmkmns, pnrl bës ijhâmjfns in uskr, yk qun fk ilsjs inon snr kftk y fls nhnmtls snmueikrjls mlbprlbntne nf mubpfjbjnetl in fk pkutk plr nf pkmjnetn. Mukeil nf jeijvjiul tjnen ketnmninetns hkbjfjkrns in trkstlrel ojplfkr k bneuil ns nhjmkz nf fjtjl slfl l ojne mle insjprkbjek l ouprlpjle. Ne nstls pkmjnetns ns jbplrtketn nf mlesnal prlhnsjlekf, yk qun bumgks pnrsleks ijstâbjmks sle nspnmjkfbnetn kptks pkrk trkokals qun rnqujnrne inijmkmjýe y prnstkr ktnemjýe mlemjnezuik k fls intkffns. Fk psjmltnrkpjk jetnrpnrslekf y fk mldejtjvl-mleiumtukf, qun huemjleke bnalr mlbojekiks mle trktkbjnetl hkrbkmlfýdjml, sn uske mkik vnz bës pkrk mlboktjr fk jenrmjk y nf inrrltjsbl prlpjl in nstls pkmjnetns.
>.9 Yrkstlrels in kesjniki K. Mlemnptl Fk kesjniki ns ue hneýbnel psjmlfýdjml qun sn nxprnsk tkbojêe ne hlrbk in sâetlbks hâsjmls, y quê nf suantl punin vjvnemjkr in hlrbk kbnekzketn. Nstks rnspunstks hjsjlfýdjmks sle, ne rnkfjiki, rnkmmjlens jenspnmâhjmks in ue lrdkejsbl qun vn kbnekzkil su nqujfjorjl jetnrel ketn intnrbjekils nstâbufls (sjtukmjlekfns l mleauetjvls) y suplene ue jetnetl in kikptkmjýe k fks eunvks mjrmuestkemjks. Ketn uek sjtukmjýe qun ns pnrmjojik plr nf suantl mlbl kbnekzketn, nf sjstnbk enurlvndntktjvl y nf sjstnbk neilmrjel prnpkrke kf lrdkejsbl pkrk uek rnspunstk in nbnrdnemjk, prlmurkeil uek snrjn in mkbojls kikptktjvls ne nf lrdkejsbl. Gky ue trjpfn sjstnbk in rnspunstks pkrk inhjejr fk kesjniki (hjsjlfýdjmk, bltlr y mldejtjvl). ]ndñe nstl gky uek snrjn in nfnbnetls qun inonrâkbls tnenr ne munetk pkrk fk inhjejmjýe in kesjniki1 - sjtukmjýe pltnemjkfbnetn kesjýdnek - nxpnrjnemjk suoantjvk inf jeijvjiul (mldejtjvl) - mkbojls hjsjlfýdjmls - mkbojls ne nf mlbplrtkbjnetl nxprnsjvl Ns uek rnspunstk nblmjlekf l pktrýe pktrýe in rnspunstks (trjpfn sjstnbk in rnspunstks) rnspunstks) qun nedflok kspnmtls mldejtjvls ijspfkmnetnrls, in tnesjýe y kprnesjýe0 kspnmtls hjsjlfýdjmls, mkrkmtnrjzkils mkrkmtnrjzkils plr ue kftl drkil in kmtjvkmjýe kmtjvkmjýe inf sjstnbk enrvjlsl kutýelbl y kspnmtls bltlrns qun sunfne jbpfjmkr mlbplrtkbjnetls plml kaustkils y nsmkskbnetn kikptktjvls. kikptktjvls. Fk rnspunstk rnspunstk in kesjniki punin snr nfjmjtkik tketl plr plr nstâbufls nxtnrels l sjtukmjlekfns mlbl plr nstâbufls jetnrels kf suantl (rnspunstks ketjmjpktlrjks), tkfns mlbl pneskbjnetls, jinks, jbëdnens, ntm., qun sle pnrmjojils plr nf jeijvjiul mlbl pnfjdrlsls l kbnekzketns.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
O. ]jstnbk mldejtjvl inf nstkil in fk kesjniki ]n rnhjnrne k pneskbjnetls, jinks l jbëdnens in mkrëmtnr suoantjvl, ksâ mlbl k su jehfunemjk slorn fks huemjlens supnrjlrns. ]us rksdls bës sjdejhjmktjvls sle1 - prnlmupkmjýe - bjnil l tnblr - jesndurjiki1 pnrslek mle kftk kesjniki, tjnen pneskbjnetls endktjvls - kprnesjýe1 rnspunstks in bjnil, pnrl ne têrbjels hâsjmls - pneskbjnetls endktjvls1 jehnrjlrjiki, jemkpkmjiki - ketjmjpkmjýe in pnfjdrl l kbnekzk - ijhjmuftki pkrk mlemnetrkrsn - ijhjmuftki pkrk tlbkr inmjsjlens - sneskmjýe dnenrkf in inslrdkejzkmjýe l pêrijik in mletrlf slorn nf kbojnetn, kmlbpkûkik plr ijhjmuftki pkrk pneskr mle mfkrjiki
M. ]â ]âetlbks etlbks hjsjlfýdjmls inf nstkil in kesjniki ]le mlesnmunemjk in fk kmtjvjiki in fls ijhnrnetns sjstnbks lrdëejmls inf munrpl gubkel1 - sâetlbks mkrijlvksmufkrns1 pkfpjtkmjlens, pufsl rëpjil, tnesjýe krtnrjkf nfnvkik, kmmnsls in mkflr... - sâetlbks rnspjrktlrjls1 rnspjrktlrjls1 sneskmjýe in slhlml, slhlml, kgldl, kgldl, rnspjrkmjýe rnspjrkmjýe rëpjik y supnrhjmjkf, supnrhjmjkf, lprnsjýe lprnsjýe tlrëmjmk. - ]âetlbks dkstrljetnstjekfns dkstrljetnstjekfns11 výbjtls, výbjtls, eëusnks, ijkrrnk, knrlhkdjk, blfnstjks ijdnstjvks. - ]âetlbks dnejtlurjekrjls1 bjmmjlens hrnmunetns, neurnsjs, nykmufkmjýe prnmlz, hrjdjinz, jbpltnemjk. - ]âetlbks enurlbusmufkrns1 tnesjýe busmufkr, busmufkr, tnboflrns tnboflrns glrbjdunl, ilflr in mkonzk tnesjlekf, hktjdk nxmnsjvk. - ]âetlbks enurlvndntktjvls enurlvndntktjvls11 snquniki in olmk, olmk, suilrkmjýe suilrkmjýe nxmnsjvk, bkrnl y fjpltjbjk. fjpltjbjk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
I. Npjinbjlfldâk Npjin bjlfldâk y mfksjhjm mfksjhjmkmjýe kmjýe k. Npjinbjlfldâk Fls trkstlrels in kesjniki sle fls bës hrnmunetns ne fk plofkmjýe dnenrkf, y khnmtke kprlxjbkikbnetn kf 7‚:% in fk plofkmjýe (sndñe ue nstuijl in Tnjssbke ;:7>). ]lfl uek pnqunûk pkrtn in fls khnmtkils plr nstls mukirls mfâejmls (?>%) ousmke kyuik tnrkpêutjmk. Fk inbkeik in trktkbjnetl sn ik hueikbnetkfbnetn, ne pkmjnetns kqunakils in1 - Kdlrkhlojk - Yrkstlrel in Sëejml - Yrkstlrel losnsjvl-mlbpufsjvl. Fk tksk in prnvkfnemjk in nstls trkstlrels ne buanrns (:,4%) ns ils vnmns supnrjlr k fk in fls glborns (9,4%), nxmnptl ne nf mksl in fk hlojk slmjkf y inf trkstlrel losnsjvl-mlbpufsjvl, ne ilein el gky ijhnrnemjks netrn kbols snxls. Ksjbjsbl, fls trkstlrels in kesjniki sle bës hrnmunetns ne pnrsleks netrn fls ?> y 99 kûls, netrn ijvlrmjkils y pnrsleks mle ue ejvnf slmjlnmleýbjml bnijl-okal l okal. ]ndñe fks jevnstjdkmjlens trkesmufturkfns, fls trkstlrels in kesjniki sn nemunetrke kbpfjkbnetn ijstrjoujils ne tlil tjpl in pkâsns y in mufturks y el punine, plr tketl, snr mlesjinrkils mlbl ue prliumtl ‖prjvjfndjkil‒ inf nstrês in fls pkâsns lmmjinetkfns (Bkr`s, ;:74). Y_K]YL_EL Hlojk nspnmjhjmk Hlojk slmjkf Yrkstlrel in pëejml Kdlrkhlojk Kesjniki dnenrkfjzkik Yrkstlrel losnsjvl-mlbpufsjvl Yrkstlrel in nstrês plstrkubëtjml.
S_NXKFNEMJK % N]YJBKMJÝE BNIJK 4.4 slfl nf ; % rnqujnrn trktkbjnetl. 4.> ?.= jemfuyneil fls qun tjnen kdlrkhlojk. Nf :>% in fls ëdlrk hýojmls tjnene trkstlrel in pëejml. ?.> 8.>
_K]DL (ijvnrsls nstuijls) 9.; ” ;;.= ;.4 - ;= 3.7 ” =.> ;.? ” =.7 > ” 4. 8
?
;.8 ” ?.>
;
3.7 ” vkrjkofn inpneijneil in fls mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls y fk plofkmjýe nstuijkik. Ne drupls in rjnsdls prnvkfnmn nf >7%.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
o. Mfksjhjmkmjýe Yrks Yr kstl tlre rel l
YK plr snpkrkmjýe
Butjsbl snfnmtjvl
Hlojk nspnmâhjmk
YK ]lmjkf
Yrkstlrel in Kedustjk
Ltrls mrjtnrjls pkrk nf ijkdeýstjml (*) Bjnil l kesjniki jetnesls y pnrsjstnetns rnfktjvls Nf bjnil, fk kesjniki l fk nvjtkkf gnmgl in tnenr qun snpkrkrsn in uek pnrslek mjýe inone nstkr prnsnetns ue mle fk qun fn uen ue vâemufl nstrnmgl, y qun sn bâejbl in 8 bnsns ne kiuftls y nvjinemjk ne ue bâejbl in trns bkejhnstkmjlens in 9 snbkeks ne ejûls y kilfnsmfâejmks mnetrkiks ne prnlmupkmjýe, bkfnstkr mnetns. psjmlfýdjml suoantjvl, rnmgkzl k qunikr slfl ne mksk l inspfkzkrsn k ltrls fudkrns (nsmunfk, trkokal, ntm.) y/l prnsnemjk in pnskijffks l sâetlbks hâsjmls ketn fk snpkrkmjýe in nsks hjdurks in vjemufkmjýe l su ketjmjpkmjýe Jemkpkmjiki pnrsjstnetn in gkofkr l rnspleinr k Iurkmjýe bâejbk in ; bns (el ltrls ne uek sjtukmjýe slmjkf nspnmâhjmk ne qun sn kpfjmkofn kf prjbnr bns ne qun nspnrk qun inon gkmnrsn, k pnskr in gkmnrfl sje sn vk k nsmunfk). prlofnbks ne ltrks sjtukmjlens (prltltâpjmkbnetn ne mksk y ne prnsnemjk in hkbjfjkrns jebnijktls). Kpkrjmjýe in bjnil l kesjniki jetnesl y pnrsjsNspnmjhjmkmjlens ne huemjýe inf tnetn, prëmtjmkbnetn jebnijktk n jevkrjkofn tjpl in nstâbufl hýojml1 Kejbkf, rnspnmtl k ue loantl l sjtukmjýe nspnmâhjmk, qun sn Netlrel ekturkf, ]kedrn- gnrjnvjtke l slplrtke k mlstk in jetnesl bjnil- kesjn- iks-jeynmmjlens, ]jtukmjlekf, iki. Ltrks.
Mkrk Mk rkmt mtnr nrâs âstj tjmk mkss mfâ mfâej ejmk mkss mne mnetr trkf kfns ns
Bjnil l kesjniki jetnesls qun kpkrnmne prëmtjmkbnetn sjnbprn ne rnfkmjýe k uek l bës sjtukmjlens slmjkfns ne fks qun fk pnrslek sn nxplen kf plsjofn nsmrutjejl plr pkrtn in ltrls. Fk pnrslek tnbn kmtukr in uek intnrbjekik bkenrk l blstrkr sâetlbks in kesjniki qun punike snr vkflrkils endktjvkbnetn plr fls losnrvkilrns.
Srnsnemjk in mrjsjs in kedustjk jenspnrkiks rnmurrnetns. Kf bnels uek in nffks vk sndujik iurketn ue bâejbl in ue bns in jequjntui l prnlmupkmjýe pnrsjstnetn plr fk kpkrjmjýe in eunvks mrjsjs l sus mlesnmunemjks, y/l plr ue mkbojl sjdejhjmktjvl y inskikptktjvl ne nf mlbplrtkbjnetl qun sn rnfkmjlen mle fks mrjsjs in kedustjk.
Nf bjnil, fk kesjniki l fk nvjtkmjýe inone nstkr prnsnetns ue bâejbl in 8 bnsns. Nspnmjhjmkmjýe1 Ñejmkbnetn rnfkmjlekik mle fk nanmumjýe (ne mksl in qun nf bjnil hýojml nstê rnstrjedjil k gkofkr l kmtukr ne pñofjml). Nf bjnil, fk kesjniki l fk nvjtkmjýe inone nstkr prnsnetns ue bâejbl in 8 bnsns.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Kdlrkhlojk
Bjnil l kesjniki kmuskils qun kpkrnmne prëmtj- Nf bjnil, fk kesjniki l fk nvjtkmkbnetn sjnbprn rnspnmtl k ils l bës sjtukmjlmjýe inone nstkr prnsnetns ue ens prltltâpjmkbnetn kdlrkhýojmks (trkesplrtns bâejbl in 8 bnsns. pñofjmls, fudkrns kojnrtls, fudkrns mnrrkils, gkmnr mlfks l nstkr ne bnijl in uek buftjiui, y/l nstkr slfl hunrk in mksk) qun, kinbës, sn nvjtke kmtjvkbnetn, rnqujnrne fk prnsnemjk in ue kmlbpkûketn l sn slplrtke k mlstk in jetnesl bjnil l kesjniki. Fk pnrslek tnbn l nvjtk ijmgks sjtukmjlens plr tnblr k tnenr ijhjmuftkins pkrk gujr l rnmjojr kyuik ne mksl in kpkrjmjýe in sâetlbks sjbjfkrns k fk kedustjk, u ltrls
sâetlbks jemkpkmjtketns l qun puijnrke snr bltjvl in vnrdönezk. Kesjniki y prnlmupkmjýe nxmnsjvks, pnrsjstnetns y qun fks pnrsleks tjnene ijhjmuftkins pkrk mletrlYK dnenrkfjfkr, slorn ijvnrsls kmletnmjbjnetls l kmtjvjikins y zkik qun sn kslmjke k trns l bës sâetlbks in slornkmtjvkmjýe hjsjlfýdjmk. Nf mukirl mfâejml sn mkrkmtnrjzk hueikbnetkfbnetn plr fk prnsnemjk in mrjsjs in kedustjk l kesjniki y YK jeiumjil ne nf qun nxjstne nvjinemjks in qun ijmgls sâetlprlsustkemjks bks sn inskrrlffke iurketn l plml inspuês in fk / bnijmkmjýe jetlxjmkmjýe l fk kostjenemjk in uek sustkemjk l plr fk tlbk in bnijmkmjýe mkpkmns in prliumjr ijmgls sâetlbks. Nf mukirl mfâejml sn mkrkmtnrjzk hueikbnetkfbnetn YK inojil k plr fk prnsnemjk in mrjsjs in kedustjk l kesjniki, ltrk nehnrbnmle nvjinemjks in qun nffl ns mlesnmunemjk pktlhjiki bêijmk sjlfýdjmk ijrnmtk in ltrk mleijmjýe bêijmk. Srnsnemjk in sâetlbks mfâejmkbnetn sjdejhjmktjvls mkrkmtnrâstjmls in kfdñe YK qun el ffndke k mubpfjr tlils fls mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls in ejeduel in Ltrls YK nsls trkstlrels. nspnmjhjmkils ]n nspnmjhjmkrë fk rkzýe mlemrntk plr fk qun el sn mubpfne tlils fls mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls. Srnsnemjk in sâetlbks mfâejmkbnetn sjdejhjmktjvls mkrkmtnrâstjmls in kfdñe YK qun el ffndke k mubpfjr tlils fls mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls in ejeduel in YK el nspnmj- nsls trkstlrels. hjmkil El sn nspnmjhjmke fks mkusks plr fks qun el sn mubpfne fls mrjtnrjls ijkdeýstjmls plr hkftk in jehlrbkmjýe (n.d. ne urdnemjks).
Fk kesjniki l prnlmupkmjýe inone nstkr prnsnetns fk bkylrâk in iâks iurketn ue bâejbl in 8 bnsns. El sn ike nxmfusjvkbnetn iurketn infjrjub.
El sn ike nxmfusjvkbnetn iurketn infjrjub. ]n plene mlbl nanbpfls fks mrjsjs in kedustjk fjbjtkiks l fk kesjniki dnenrkfjzkik qun el mubpfn mle nf mrjtnrjl tnbplrkf in nstkr prnsnetn fk bkylrâk in iâks.
Eltk. YK 2 trkstlrel in kesjniki. (*) Ne nstk mlfubek sn lbjtne fls mrjtnrjls qun tjnene qun vnr mle1 (k) el sn nxpfjmk bnalr plr ltrl trkstlrel psjmlpktlfýdjml u ltrks pktlfldâks bêijmks ” jednstk in sustkemjks y (o) mkuske bkfnstkr psjmlfý djml sjdej- hjmktjvl y/l intnrjlrl ne nf huemjlekbjnetl s lmjkf, fkolrkf/nsmlfkr l ne ltrks ërnks.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
N. Yjplfldâk k. Mrjsjs Mrjsj s in Kedustjk Kpkrnmne ne nf mletnxtl in ijvnrsls trkstlrels in kesjniki y ltrls trkstlrels bnetkfns. Ns fk kpkrjmjýe tnblrkf y kjsfkik in bjnil l bkfnstkr jetnesls, kmlbpkûkik in muktrl bës in fls sjdujnetns sâetlbks qun sn jejmjk orusmkbnetn y kfmkezk su bëxjbk nxprnsjýe ne fls prjbnrls ;3 bjeutls. Mle bnels in nstls muktrl sâetlbks sn mlesjinrkrëe mrjsjs fjbjtkiks. ]us prjemjpkfns sâetlbks sle1 - Skfpjtkmjlens, skmuijiks inf inf mlrkzýe mlrkzýe l nfnvkmjýe in fk hrnmunemjk mkrijkmk. - ]uilrkmjýe - Ynboflrns y skmuijiks - ]neskmjýe in kgldl l hkftk in kfjnetl - ]neskmjýe in ktrkdketkrsn - Lprnsjýe l bkfnstkr tlrëmjml - Ekusnk l blfnstjks koilbjekfns - Jekmmnsjojfjiki, bkrnl l insbkyl - Insrnkfjzkmjýe (l sneskmjýe sneskmjýe in jrrnkfjiki) l slekfjzkmjle (nstkr (nstkr snpkrkil snpkrkil in uel bjsbl). - Bjnil k pnrinr nf mletrlf - Bjnil k blrjr - Skrnstnsjks (sneskmjýe in netubnmjbjnetl u glrbjdunl) - Nsmkflhrâls y/l slhlmkmjlens.
o. Kdlrkhlojk Ns fk kpkrjmjýe in kftls ejvnfns in kesjniki kslmjkils k fudkrns l sjtukmjlens ilein nsmkpkr punin rnsuftkr ijhâmjf l nbokrkzlsl, ne mksl in kpkrnmnr uek mrjsjs in kedustjk jenspnrkik (l sâetlbks sjbjfkrns k fls in kedustjk) y ilein punil el ijsplenr in kyuik. ]j nf kdlrkhýojml vk kmlbpkûkil sus ejvnfns ijsbjeuyne. Nstk kesjniki sunfn mleiumjr k fk nvjtkmjýe in sjtukmjlens. ]jtukmjlens mkrkmtnrâstjmks1 nstkr slfl hunrk in mksk, bnzmfkrsn mle fk dnetn, gkmnr mlfk, pkskr plr ue punetn, ue ksmneslr, vjkakr ne ous, trne l kutlbývjf... Fks sjtukmjlens sn nvjtke l sn rnsjstne k mlstk in ue bkfnstkr in kesjniki sjdejhjmktjvk plr tnblr k qun kpkrnzmk uek mrjsjs in kedustjk l sn gkmn jeijspneskofn fk prnsnemjk in ue mlelmjil pkrk slplrtkrfns.
m. Ktkqun in Sëejml Fls ktkquns in pëejml sle kmmnsls orusmls in kesjniki, mle sneskmjlens in mkrëmtnr bkrmkikbnetn hâsjml, in mlbjnezl rnpnetjel, qun prletl ffndke kf bëxjbl ne nf pfkzl in ue bjeutl, kprlxjbkikbnetn, y qun iurke gkojtukfbnetn kfrninilr in vnjetn bjeutls. ]n mkrkmtnrjzk plr1
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Srnsnemjk in mrjsjs in kedustjk rnmjijvketns n jenspnrkiks. Fk mrjsjs in kedustjk inon snr nspletëenk, el prnmjpjtkik plr insnemkineketns kbojnetkfns. El sn kslmjk k bltjvl kpkrnetn. Nf ijkdelstjml rnqujnrn kf bnels ils mrjsjs in kedustjk jenspnrkik. - Kpkrjmjýe in prnlmupkmjlens pnrsjstnetns plr fk plsjojfjiki in pkinmnr uek eunvk mrjsjs y/l plr sus mlesnmunemjks (iurketn bâejbl ue bns). Ne lmksjlens ik fudkr k mrjsjs in kedustjk sjtukmjlekfns, kuequn bnels hrnmunetn. Fk hrnmunemjk ns buy vkrjkofn (uek vnz plr snbkek, ijkrjk, iurketn uek snbkek, y fundl nspkmjkil). - Kftk mlblrojfjiki mle nf trkstlrel trkstlrel inprnsjvl bkylr, in ue >3-8>%. - Srnvkfnemjk in ;.> k =.> % in fk plofkmjýe - Ilofn jemjinemjk ne buanrns qun ne glborns. - Niki in jejmjl1 hjekf in fk kilfnsmnemjk, bjtki in fk mukrtk iêmkik (93->3 kûls). Fls tjpls sle1 - Yrkstlrels in kedustjk kedustjk sje kdlrkhlojk1 el nvjtk fks sjtukmjlens sjtukmjlens - Yrkstlrels in kedustjk mle kdlrkhlojk1 kdlrkhlojk1 nvjtk fks sjtukmjlens sjtukmjlens plr bnijl in mrjsjs
i. Hlojk Nspnmâhjmk Ns nf tnblr nxmnsjvl n jrrkmjlekf ketn fk prnsnemjk l ketjmjpkmjýe in ue loantl l sjtukmjýe nspnmâhjmk. Fk nxplsjmjýe inf nstâbufl prlvlmk uek rnspunstk jebnijktk in kesjniki l mrjsjs in kedustjk sjtukmjlekf. Ne fls ejûls fks hlojks sn trkiumne ne onrrjemgns, jegjojmjýe l korkzl. Fk pnrslek rnmlelmn qun nsn bjnil ns nxmnsjvl l jrrkmjlekf (punin el ikrsn ne fls ejûls). Fk sjtukmjýe sn nvjtk l sn slplrtk k mlstk in uek jetnesk kesjniki. Fls mlbplrtkbjnetls in nvjtkmjýe, fk ketjmjpkmjýe kesjlsk l nf bkfnstkr prlvlmkil plr fk sjtukmjýe jetnrhjnrn kmuskikbnetn mle fk rutjek elrbkf in fk pnrslek, mle fls rltkmjlens fkolrkfns l kmkiêbjmks, l prlvlmke bkfnstkr mfâejmkbnetn sjdejhjmktjvl. Fls hkmtlrns in prnijsplsjmjýe sle1 - Gkonr suhrjil ue gnmgl trkubëtjml (sjtukmjlens mle drkeins drkeins ejvnfns in kesjniki) - Slr mrjsjs in kedustjk jenspnrkiks ne ijmgk sjtukmjýe. - Slr fls blinfls, sn kprneine - Fk trkesbjsjýe in fk jehlrbkmjýe (sn munetk). ]us tjpls sle1 - Kejbkf - Kbojnetkf (kfturk, tlrbnetk) - ]kedrn (jeynmmjlens, glspjtkf) - ]jtukmjlekf
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Ltrls
n. Hlojk ]lmjkf ]n mkrkmtnrjzk plr uek kesjniki jetnesk y iurkinrk ketn ijvnrsks sjtukmjlens in mkrëmtnr slmjkf ilein fk pnrslek punin snetjrsn nvkfukik l vkflrkik in hlrbk mrâtjmk. Nxjstn ue tnblr jrrkmjlekf y insprlplrmjlekil k fk mrâtjmk, fk inskprlokmjýe y k snr rnmgkzkil plr fls inbës. Nf hýojml slmjkf nvjtk fks sjtukmjlens qun jbpfjmke nf mletkmtl mle ltrks pnrsleks, nspnmjkfbnetn sjtukmjlens mlbl gkofkr ne pñofjml, snr losnrvkil, gkofkr mle pnrsleks qun rnprnsnetke uek kutlrjiki, n jemfusl mlbnr l ononr infketn in ltrls. Ns in snûkfkr qun, sj ojne nstks sjtukmjlens slmjkfns suplene fk kpkrjmjýe in ue mjnrtl drkil in kesjniki ne fk bkylrâk in fks pnrsleks, ne nf mksl in fks hlojks slmjkfns sn mlevjnrtne ne sjtukmjlens jbplsjofns in khrletkr l supnrkr, ikeil fudkr k nvjtkmjlens in tlil tjpl.
h. Yrkstlrel Yrkstlrel Losnsjvl-Mlbp Losnsjvl-Mlbpufsjvl ufsjvl (YLM) • Losnsjýe Sneskbjnetl, jbpufsl l jbkdne rnmurrnetn y pnrsjstnetn qun sn nxpnrjbnetk ne kfdñe blbnetl inf trkstlrel mlbl jetrusl l jekprlpjkil y qun mkusk uek sjdejhjmktjvk kesjniki l bkfnstkr. Fls pneskbjnetls, jbpufsl l jbëdnens el sn rniumne k sjbpfns prnlmupkmjlens nxmnsjvks slorn prlofnbks in fk vjik rnkf. Fk pnrslek jetnetk jdelrkrfls l suprjbjrfls l enutrkfjzkrfls bnijketn ltrls pneskbjnetls l kmtls. Nf pkmjnetn sn nshunrzk plr suprjbjr, pnrl kpkrnmn mkik vnz mle bës jesjstnemjk. Fk pnrslek rnmlelmn mfkrkbnetn qun sle prliumtls in su bnetn. Fks losnsjlens bës tâpjmks sle1 fk fjbpjnzk, fk losnsjýe snrjk mldnr uek nehnrbniki, y fk mlbpufsjýe, nf gnmgl in fjbpjkr (ns fk ffkbkik in mletkbjekmjýe), fk in iuik0 mnrrkr fk punrtk in mksk, nf dks. Fk in pnrinr nf mletrlf, l pnrinr nf jbpufsl (tjrkr kf ejûl e jûl k fk mkffn mukeil fflrk k bnijk elmgn). Losnsjlens slorn jinetjiki snxukf...
• Mlbpufsjýe Mlbplrtkbjnetl l kmtl bnetkf in mkrëmtnr rnpntjtjvl qun nf jeijvjiul sn vn lofjdkil k rnkfjzkr, ne rnspunstk k uek losnsjýe, l mle krrndfl k mjnrtks rndfks qun inon sndujr nstrjmtkbnetn. Slr nanbpfl1 bjnil k mldnr uek nehnrbniki y fkvkrsn mle fnaâk. Mletkr trns vnmns tliks fks mlsks, inmjr uek pkfkork y rnpntjrfk bnetkfbnetn. Ns fk mleiumtk in rnpntjmjýe. Gky ue eñbnrl bëdjml ne tlil fl qun gkmne. Mlesjstn ne ue mlbplrtkbjnetl rjtukf. ]j ne kfdñe blbnetl sn rlbpn kfduek elrbk sn vunfvn k nbpnzkr. Nf loantjvl ns fk prnvnemjýe l rniummjýe inf bkfnstkr suhrjil plr fk losnsjýe, l fk prnvnemjýe in kfdñe kmletnmjbjnetl l sjtukmjýe endktjvk (supnrstjmjýe ffnvkik kf trkstlrel). Snrl el nstë mlenmtkil mle hlrbk rnkfjstk mle fl qun sn prntnein enutrkfjzkr l sle mfkrkbnetn nxmnsjvls. Ne kfdñe blbnetl in trkstlrel in fk pnrslek kibjtn qun fks losnsjlens l mlbpufsjlens sle nxmnsjvks.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Fk losnsjýe l mlbpufsjýe prlvlmke ue bkfnstkr mfâejml sjdejhjmktjvl, l ojne gky uek jbplrtketn pêrijik in tjnbpl (mlbpufsjlens, bâejbl uek glrk kf iâk), l ojne jetnrhjnrn bkrmkikbnetn mle fk rutjek ijkrjk inf jeijvjiul, jeijvjiu l, sus rnfkmjlens fkolrkfns l slmjkfns.
d. Yrkstlrel plr Nstrês Slstrkubëtjml Nf trkstlrel in nstrês plstrkubëtjml sn lrjdjek trks gkonr suhrjil u losnrvkil ue kmletnmjbjnetl kftkbnetn trkubëtjml (ktnetkil, vjlfkmjýe, kskftl, snmunstrl, kmmjinetn, ntm.), ne nf qun nstë ne aundl fk vjik in fks pnrsleks. Fks jbëdnens in fk sjtukmjýe trkubëtjmk vunfvne k rnnxpnrjbnetkrsn uek y ltrk vnz (hfksgokm`), ne mletrk in fk prlpjk vlfuetki, k pnskr inf pksl inf tjnbpl, jbkdjeëeilfl mle tlil fual in intkffns, kmlbpkûkil in jetnesks rnkmmjlens in kesjniki (prnlmupkmjýe, bjnil jetnesl, hkftk in mletrlf, kftk kmtjvkmjýe hjsjlfýdjmk, nvjtkmjýe in sjtukmjlens rnfkmjlekiks, ntm.) Ylil nffl dnenrk ue hunrtn nstrês, kdltkbjnetl, nblmjlens jetnesks, y pneskbjnetls jrrkmjlekfns qun kubnetke fk jetnesjiki in nsn nstrês, inf kdltkbjnetl, in fks nblmjlens jetnesks, ... Nf kmletnmjbjnetl trkubëtjml ns rnnxpnrjbnetkil pnrsjstnetnbnetn k trkvês in uek l bës in fks sjdujnetns hlrbks1 - _nmunrils inf kmletnmjbjnetl kmletnmjbjnetl rnmurrnetns rnmurrnetns l jetrusls qun prlvlmke prlvlmke bkfnstkr (jbëdnens, pneskpneskbjnetls, l pnrmnpmjlens). Ne ejûls aundls rnpntjtjvls. - ]unûls in mkrëmtnr mkrëmtnr rnmurrnetn. Ne ejûls sunûls in tnrrlr tnrrlr jrrnmlelmjofn. - Fk pnrslek kmtñk l tjnen sneskmjýe in qun nf gnmgl trkubëtjml nstë lmurrjneil (sneskmjýe in rnvjvjr fk nsmnek, jfusjlens, kfumjekmjlens, npjslijls ijslmjktjvls in hfksg okm`, vjvnemjks ne nf inspnrtkr). Fls ejûls punine rninsmnejhjmkrfl. - Bkfnstkr psjmlfýdjml psjmlfýdjml jetnesl mukeil sn fns nxplen k nstâbufls qun rnmunrike rnmunrike nf kmletnmjbjnetl, kmletnmjbjnetl, ns inmjr, mukeil vne loantls... - _nspunstks hjsjlfýdjmks jbplrtketns qun sn ike kf nxplenrsn k ijmgls nstâbufls. Fk pnrslek nvjtk in hlrbk pnrsjstnetn fls nstâbufls kslmjkils kf trkubk y prnsnetk nboltkbjnetl in fk rnkmtjvjiki dnenrkf in jeijvjiul (kusnetn ketns inf trkubk). Mle prnsnemjk in = l bës in fls sjdujnetns sâetlbks1 - Nshunrzls mlestketns plr nvjtkr pneskbjnetls, snetjbjnetls, l mlevnrskmjlens. - Nshunrzl plr nvjtk kmtjvjikins, fudkrns fudkrns l pnrsleks qun bltjvke rnmunrils kf trkubk - Jemkpkmjiki pkrk rnmlrikr ue kspnmtl jbplrtketn inf trkubk - _niummjýe kmuskik inf jetnrês jetnrês l fk pkrtjmjpkmjýe pkrtjmjpkmjýe ne kmtjvjikins sjdejhjmktjvks. - ]neskmjýe in inskpndl l nekanekmjýe - _nstrjmmjýe in fk vjik khnmtjvk (jemkpkmjiki n snetjr kblr). - ]neskmjýe in huturl fjbjtkil, jbplsjojfjiki in tnenr uek vjik elrbkf. ]âetlbks pnrsjstnetns in kubnetl in fk kmtjvkmjýe1 - ijhjmuftki in mlemjfjkr l bketnenr nf sunûl - jrrjtkojfjiki y ktkquns in jr - ijhjmuftkins pkrk mlemnetrkrsn - gjpnrvjdjfkemjk
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- rnspunstks nxkdnrkiks in slornskftl. Nstks kftnrkmjlens inone prlfledkrsn bës in ue bns. Kinbës, sunfne prlvlmke bkfnstkr mfâejml sjdejhjmktjvl l intnrjlrl slmjkf, fkolrkf l in ltrks ërnks jbplrtketns. Ns jbplrtketn nspnmjhjmkr sj ns kduil mukeil fls sâetlbks sle bnelrns in = bnsns, l sj ns in mkrëmtnr mrýejml mukeil fls sâetlbks sle bkylrns in = bnsns. Fk jetnrvnemjýe tnbprkek ne vâmtjbks rnmjnetns l pltnemjkfns khnmtkils plr nstn trkstlrel (hkbjfjkrns, mujikilrns in fks vâmtjbks, pnrsleks qun losnrvkrle fk nsmnek, vnmjels, ntm.) ns nhjmkz y prnvjnen fk kpkrjmjýe in sâetlbks. Nstk jetnrvnemjýe tnbprkek mlesjstn ne1 - ikr jehlrbkmjýe jehlrbkmjýe slorn nf prlmnsl prlmnsl fk rnkmmjýe rnkmmjýe psjmlfýdjmk psjmlfýdjmk qun sunfn sndujr, sndujr, fls sâetlbks qun sn sunfne nxpnrjbnetkr, fls pneskbjnetls qun sn sunfne inskrrlffkr, … - netrnekbjnetl ne rnfkakmjýe y rnspjrkmjýe0 - nxplsjmjýe ne jbkdjekmjýe k fls fls rnmunrils inf sumnsl trkubëtjml - nxplsjmjýe rnkf (ne vjvl) k fks sjtukmjlens sjtukmjlens qun sn nvjtke, nvjtke, qun el supledke rjnsdl - rnnstrumturkmjýe mldejtjvk in fls pneskbjnetls jrrkmjlekfns qun prlvlmke snetjbjnetls snetjbjnetls endktjvls.
g. Yrkstlrel in Kesjniki Dnenrkfjz Dnenrkfjzkik kik • Inhjejmjýe Nstn trkstlrel sn mkrkmtnrjzk plr uek nxpnmtkmjýe kprnesjvk (kesjniki y prnlmupkmjýe el rnkfjstks nxmnsjvls) pnrbkenetn slorn ijstjetks mjrmuestkemjks in fk vjik mle uek mletjdöjiki in kf bnels snjs bnsns. Fks ërnks bës mlbuens in prnlmupkmjýe sn rnhjnrne k mjrmuestkemjks in fk vjik ijkrjk (hkbjfjk, kbjdls, rnfkmjlens jetnrpnrslekfns ne dnenrkf, ijenrl, trkokal, skfui...) y punine snr plr munstjlens bnelrns mlbl tkrnks ilbêstjmks l ffndkr tkrin k uek mjtk. Fls suantls mle trkstlrel in kesjniki dnenrkfjzkik sn prnlmupke plr mlsks qun ns jbprlokofn qun sumnike l qun sj lmurrne sle bumgl bës bkenakofns y bnels irkbëtjmks in fl qun nffls pjneske. Srnsnetke prnlmupkmjlens rnfktjvkbnetn mlestketns y, plr fl dnenrkf, ñejmkbnetn sunfne snr mkpkmns in inakr in fkil ue tnbk in prnlmupkmjýe ketn fk kpkrjmjýe in ue eunvl tnbk in prnlmupkmjýe. ]n pjnesk qun ne dnenrkf el gky ijhnrnemjks ne nf mletnejil in fks prnlmupkmjlens in fks pnrsleks ‖elrbkfns‒ y fks qun pkinmne ue trkstlrel in kesjniki dnenrkfjzkik. ]j ojne nstls ñftjbls sn prnlmupke plr uek bkylr vkrjniki in sjtukmjlens y sn prnlmupke bës plr munstjlens eunvks, ksâ bjsbl fks prnlmupkmjlens sle bës hrnmunetns, iurkinrks, iurkinrks, jetnesks jetnesks y ijhâmjfns in mletrlfkr qun ne suantls elrbkfns, mkbojkeil mkbojkeil rnpntjikbnetn nf hlml in fks prnlmupkmjlens tkf mlbl rnvnfk fk losnrvkmjýe mfâejmk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Iudks y Fkilumnr ijstjedune trns tjpls in prnlmupkmjlens ne nf trkstlrel in kesjniki dnenrkfjzkik1 - Srlofnbks jebnijktls kemfkils kemfkils ne fk rnkfjiki y blijhjmkofns (mlehfjmtls jetnrpnrslekfns, puetukfjiki, hlrbk in vnstjrsn pkrk uek lmksjýe...) - Srlofnbks jebnijktls kemfkils ne fk rnkfjiki n jeblijhjmkofns (nehnrbniki mrýejmk in ue snr qunrjil, plornzk, vjlfnemjk ne nf bueil, sjtukmjlens jeaustks el mletrlfkofns...) - Kmletnmjbjnetls buy jbprlokofns el okskils ne fk rnkfjiki rnkfjiki y plr tketl jeblijhjmkofns (plsjojfj(plsjojfjiki in krrujekrsn l mknr drkvnbnetn nehnrbl ne kusnemjk in iêhjmjts nmleýbjmls l in skfui). Fks prnlmupkmjlens nstëe kslmjkiks k sâetlbks mlbl jequjntui, hktjdkojfjiki, tnesjýe busmufkr, ijhjmuftkins in mlemnetrkmjýe l pnrturokmjlens inf sunûl. ]j ojne fls sâetlbks kutleýbjmls el sle tke hrnmunetns mlbl ne ltrls trkstlrels in kesjniki. Fk tnesjýe busmufkr ns nf sâetlbk slbëtjml bës mkrkmtnrâstjml ne fls trkstlrels in kesjniki dnenrkfjzkik.
• Mrjtnrjls Ijkdeýstjmls pkrk nf trkstlrel in kesjniki dnenrkfjzkik - Kesjniki y prnlmupkmjýe nxmnsjvks nxmnsjvks (nxpnmtkmjýe (nxpnmtkmjýe kprnesjvk) slorn uek kbpfjk dkbk in kmletnmjbjnetls l kmtjvjikins (mlbl nf rneijbjnetl fkolrkf l nsmlfkr), qun sn prlfledke bës in snjs bnsns. - Kf jeijvjiul fn rnsuftk rnsuftk ijhâmjf ijhâmjf mletrlfkr mletrlfkr nstn nstn nstkil in mlestketn mlestketn prnlmupkmjýe. - Fk kesjniki y prnlmupkmjýe sn sn kslmjke k trns (l bës) in fls snjs sâetlbks sjdujnetns (kfduels in fls mukfns gke pnrsjstjil bës in 8 bnsns). Eltk1 Ne fls ejûls sýfl sn rnqujnrn uel in nstls sâetlbks1 ´
Jequjntui l jbpkmjnemjk
´
Hktjdkojfjiki hëmjf
´
Ijhjmuftki pkrk mlemnetrkrsn l tnenr fk bnetn ne ofkeml
´
Jrrjtkojfjiki
´
Ynesjýe busmufkr
- Kftnrkmjlens inf sunûl (ijhjmuftki pkrk mlemjfjkr l bketnenr nf nf sunûl, l sneskmjýe sneskmjýe kf inspnrtkrsn inspnrtkrsn in sunûl el rnpkrkilr) Nf mnetrl in fk kesjniki y in fk prnlmupkmjýe el sn fjbjtk k fls sâetlbks in ue trkstlrel inf Nan J0 plr nanbpfl, fk kesjniki l prnlmupkmjýe el gkmne rnhnrnemjk k fk plsjojfjiki in prnsnetkr uek mrjsjs in kedustjk (mlbl ne nf trkstlrel in kedustjk), pkskrfl bkf ne pñofjml (mlbl ne fk hlojk slmjkf), mletrknr uek nehnrbniki (mlbl ne nf trkstlrel losnsjvl-mlbpufsjvl), nstkr fnals in mksk l in f ls snrns qunrjils (mlbl ne nf trkstlrel in kesjniki plr snpkrkmjýe), nedlrikr (mlbl ne fk kelrnxjk enrvjlsk), tnenr qunaks in bñftjpfns sâetlbks hâsjmls (mlbl ne nf trkstlrel in slbktjzkmjýe) l pkinmnr uek nehnrbniki drkvn (mlbl ne fk gjplmleirâk), y fk kesjniki y fk prnlmupkmjýe el kpkrnmne nxmfusjvkbnetn ne nf trkesmursl in ue trkstlrel plr nstrês plstrkubëtjml. Fk kesjniki, fk prnlmupkmjýe l fls sâetlbks hâsjmls prlvlmke bkfnstkr mfâejmkbnetn sjdejhjmktjvl l intnrjlrl slmjkf, fkolrkf l in ltrks ërnks jbplrtketns in fk kmtjvjiki inf jeij vjiul. Nstks kftnrkmjlens el sn inone k fls nhnmtls hjsjlfýdjmls ijrnmtls in uek sustkemjk (plr nanbpfl, irldks, hërbkmls) l k uek nehnrbniki bêijmk (plr nanbpfl, gjpnrtjrljijsbl) y el kpkrnmne nxmfusjvkbnetn ne nf trkesmursl in ue trkstlrel inf nstkil in ëejbl, ue trkstlrel psjmýtjml l ue trkstlrel dnenrkfjzkil inf inskrrlffl.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
H. Nvkfukmjýe in fk kesjniki k. Nsmkfks in bnijmjýe l munstjlekrjls ne fk nvkfukmjýe in kesjniki - Jevnetkrjl Nstkil-_ksdl in kesjniki in ]pjnfonrdnr. ]pjnfonrdnr. Fk Fk kesjniki mlbl ue suotjpl in bjnil ketn nstâbufls qun el sle loantjvkbnetn pnfjdrlsls l kbnekzketns. Zk el sn usk. - ]tktn Yrkj Kexjnty Jevnetlry Jevnetlry ” ]YKJ ]YKJ (jevnetkrjl in kesjniki nstkil y rksdl)1 ns ue jevnetkrjl in mkrëmtnr psjmlbêtrjml qun mlestk in ils nsmkfks qun bjine hkmntks ijhnrnetns, pnrl rnfkmjlekiks, in fk kesjniki1 nf nstkil y nf rksdl. Ns nf bës utjfjzkils. Fk nsmkfk in nstkil rnsplein jehlrbkeil slorn fk jetnesjiki mle qun kpkrnmne ne ue blbnetl mlemrntl snetjbjnetls l sneskmjlens in kesjniki (ekik, kfdl, okstketn, bumgl). Fk nsmkfk in rksdl inon rnspleinr jeijmkeil mlbl sn sjnetn gkojtukfbnetn. (mksj euemk, k vnmns, k bneuil, mksj sjnbprn). - Hnkr survny smginiufn JJJ- H]]] JJJ (nsmkfk in rnmlelmjbjnetl in bjnil) Tlfpn y Fked1 48 âtnbs qun bjine fk jetnesjiki inf bjnil jrrkmjlekf ketn ijstjetls nstâbufls pnrtnenmjnetns k ijstjetks mktndlrâks1 kejbkfns, slmjkf n jetnrpnrslekf, fnsjlens l ikûl hâsjml, nehnrbniki, y bunrtn, rujils, ltrks hlojks mfësjmks). Nf suantl inon jeijmkr nf bjnil (ilein 3 ns ekik ne koslfutl y 9 bumgâsjbl). Nf prjemjpkf prlpýsjtl inf H]]JJJ ns fk jinetjhjmkmjýe in nstâbufls y sjtukmjlens nspnmâhjmls nfjmjtkilrns in bjnil l kesjniki, sjneil in drke utjfjiki pkrk fk mlestrummjýe in anrkrquâks pkrk fk insnesjojfjzkmjýe sjstnbëtjmk. - Jevnetkrjl in sjtukmjlens y rnspunstks in kesjniki- J]_K J]_K in Ylokf y Mkel1 trktk trktk in mleaumleaudkr fks kplrtkmjlens in ils blinfls tnýrjmls1 nf blinfl jetnrkmtjvl buftjijbnesjlekf in fk kesjniki (Neifnr) y nf blinfl trjijbnesjlekf l in fls trns sjstnbks in rnspunstks (Fked). Nf loantjvl inf J]_K ns nvkfukr plr snpkrkil fk hrnmunemjk in rnspunstks mldejtjvks hjsjlfýdjmks y bltlrks ketn ijstjetks sjtukmjlens, plsjojfjtkeil ksâ fk lotnemjýe in ue pnrhjf in rnkmtjvjiki jeijvjiukf. Ne fk sndueik nijmjýe sn jemfuyý ue pnrhjf qun pnrbjtn vkflrkr fks rnkmmjlens in fls suantls ketn 9 ërnks sjtukmjlekfns ijhnrnetns qun kdrupke ijstjetks sjtukmjlens mlemrntks. Inon rnspleinr ilein 3 ns mksj euemk y 9 mksj sjnbprn. Nf J]_K mlestk in fks sjdujnetns nsmkfks1 Fls sjstnbks in rnspunstk sn inelbjeke1 ´
M1 rnkmtjvjiki mldejtjvk
´
H1 rnkmtjvjiki hjsjlfýdjmk
´
B1 rnkmtjvjiki bltlrk
Slr su pkrtn, fks ërnks sjtukmjlekfns l rksdls nspnmâhjmls sle1 ´
HJ1 kesjniki ketn fk nvkfukmjýe
´
HJJ1 kesjniki jetnrpnrslekf
´
HJJJ1 kesjniki hýojmk
´
HJX1 kesjniki ketn sjtukmjlens gkojtukfns l in fk vjik mltjijkek.
o. Bnijiks in Kutljehlrbn Nf kutljehlrbn gkmn rnhnrnemjk k qun nf suantl els ik jehlrbkmjýe slorn fl qun fn nstë pkskeil. Skrk nffl sn utjfjzk mlbl jestrubnetl in bnijik1
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Netrnvjstk - Kutlrrndjstr Kutlrrndjstrls1 ls1 nf prlpjl suantl suantl rndjstrk rndjstrk fk mleiumtk inspuês inspuês in qun lmurrk lmurrk - munstjlekrjls, jevnetkrjls y nsmkfks1 (tnst)
m. Losnrvkmjýe ]u loantjvl ns intnrbjekr y muketjhjmkr fks ijbnesjlens in fks mleiumtks-prlofnbk y vkrjkofns qun fks bketjnene (nstâbufls qun prlvlmke y mlesnmunemjks). Ils tjpls in bnijiks. - Bnijiks ijrnmtks1 ijrnmtks1 nvkfukmjýe in fk mleiumtk mleiumtk ne nf bnijl ekturkf (el mletrlf mletrlf inf mletnxtl plr nf losnrvkilr). - Bnijiks jeijrnmtks1 jeijrnmtks1 nvkfukmjýe nvkfukmjýe in fk mleiumtk mleiumtk in nvjtkmjýe (hlojks (hlojks nspnmâhjmks, nspnmâhjmks, y kdlrkhlojks).
i. _ndjstrl Ssjmlhjsjlf Ssjmlhjsjlfýdjml ýdjml Fk bkylrâk in fks tnlrâks in nblmjýe nstëe in kmunril in qun sn ik uek kmtjvkmjýe inf sjstnbk enrvjlsl kutýelbl mukeil sn prliumn kesjniki. Inetrl in fks bnijks psjmlhjsjlfýdjmks gky1 - Kubnetl in fk tksk mkrijkmk - _nspunstk inrbl-nfêmtrjmk1 ns ijhâmjf ijhâmjf qun nf suantl fk mletrlfn. mletrlfn. Gky ils bnijiks1 bnijiks1 ´
Mleiumtkemjk in fk pjnf
´
_nsjstnemjk in fk pjnf
Mukeil uek pnrslek tjnen kesjniki kubnetk su mleiumtkemjk y sn rniumn fk rnsjstnemjk. ]jstnbks hjsjlfýdjmls ]LBKYJML
_nspunstks rn rndjstrkfns Nfnmtrl bjldrkhâk (NBD) Blvjbjnetls mlrplrkfns Nfnmtrlmufldrkhjk (NLD) _nspjrkmjýe (vlfubne, mkpkmjiki)
]J]YNBK EN_XJL]L K^YÝELBL Jeijmjns in Krluskf Nfnmtrlmkrijldrkbk Srnsjýe krtnrjkf Xlfubne skeduâenl Hfual Mkrijlvksmufkr
Xlfubne inf pufsl Xnflmjiki in leik inf pufsl Yjnbpl in trkesjtl inf pufsl Ynbpnrkturk pnrjhêrjmk Xnflmjiki inf pufsl Mlesubl in lxâdnel ne nf mlrkzýe
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Mleiumtkemjk inf k pjnf Mutëenl Dnejtlurjkel Dëstrjml
]J]YNBK EN_XJL]L MNEY_KF
_nsjstnemjk in fk pjnf Sltnemjk in fk pjnf Sfnjstjsbldrkhjk inf pnen Xlfubne skeduâenl in fk vkdjek Blrtkfjiki nstlbkmkf Sg nstëeikr Nfnmtrlnemnhkfldrkbk Sltnemjkfns nvlmkils Xjorkmjýe endktjvk mletjednetn Enurlbkdentlbntrjk.
D. Yêmej Yêmejmks mks in rniummjýe in fk kesjniki ]le têmejmks ijrjdjiks k fk rniummjýe inf ejvnf in kmtjvkmjýe. Netrn nffks sn nemunetrke fks têmejmks in rnfkakmjýe, nf netrnekbjnetl ne nf mletrlf in fk rnspjrkmjýe y têmejmks in ojlhnniokm`, têmejmks okskiks ne fk nxplsjmjýe l fks têmejmks mldejtjvks.
k. Yêmejmks hjsjlfýdj hjsjlfýdjmks mks Ijrjdjiks in hlrbk ijrnmtk k rniumjr fk kmtjvkmjýe hjsjlfýdjmk - _nfkakmjýe - Insnesjojfjzkmjýe sjstnbëtjmk - Yêmejmk in ojlhnniokm` - Ynfkakmjýe1 insmkeske ne rnfjdjlens lrjnetkfns. Ils têmejmks1 ´
_nfkakmjýe busmufkr prldrnsjvk (Akmlosle, ;:?:)
´
Netrnekbjnetl kutýdnel (]mguftz, ;:=?)
]u huemjýe ns1 ;) Srliumjr uek ijsbjeumjýe in fk1 - Ynesjýe busmufkr týejmk. - Hrnmunemjk n jetnesjiki inf rjtbl mkrijkml - Kmtjvjiki sjbpëtjmk dnenrkf - Bntkolfjsbl okskf - Âeijmns in mlfnstnrlf - Ëmjils drksls ne pfksbk - Ejvnfns in snmrnmjýe in kirnekfjek y elrkirnekfjek. - Hrnmunemjk rnspjrktlrjk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Mlesubl in L? y nfjbjekmjýe in ML? sje mkbojls inf mlmjnetn rnspjrktlrjl. - Ejvnf in ëmjil fëmtjml ne fk skedrn krtnrjkf. ?) Srliumjr ue kubnetl in fk1 - Xkslijfktkmjýe krtnrjkf - _jndl pnrjhêrjml - Lxjdnekmjýe mnfufkr - Jetnesjiki y rndufkrjiki inf rjtbl rnspjrktlrjl. - Ejvnf in fnumlmjtls - Bnalrk nf huemjlekbjnetl in inhnesks inf sjstnbk jebuelfýdjml. - _jtbls kfhk y ontk mnrnorkfns1 mnrnorkfns1 leiks mnrnorkfns mnrnorkfns fltks fl inf jejmjke inf aujmjl. - ]neskmjýe nspnmjkf in mlehlrt, trkequjfjiki.
o. _nfkakmjýe Busmufkr Srldrnsjvk in Akmlosle ;:?: • Gjstlrjk in fk _nfkak _nfkakmjýe mjýe Srldrnsjvk Nibuei Akmlosle ns nf mrnkilr inf bêtlil in rnfkakmjýe mlelmjil mlbl rnfkakmjýe prldrnsjvk. Nstn bêtlil prntnein ue kprneijzkan in fk rnfkakmjýe prldrnsjvk in tliks fks pkrtns inf munrpl. Nf prlmnijbjnetl lrjdjekf mlestkok in >8 snsjlens in rnfkakmjýe. Insmuorjý qun, tneskeil y rnfkakeil sjstnbëtjmkbnetn vkrjls drupls in bñsmufls y kprneijneil k ktneinr y k ijsmrjbjekr fks sneskmjlens rnsuftketns in fk tnesjýe y fk rnfkakmjýe, uek pnrslek punin nfjbjekr, mksj mlbpfntkbnetn, fks mletrkmmjlens busmufkrns y nxpnrjbnetkr uek sneskmjýe in rnfkakmjýe prlhueik.
Nf loantjvl snrâk mlesndujr qun fk pnrslek kprneik k jinetjhjmkr fks snûkfns hjsjlfýdjmks prlvnejnetns in sus bñsmufls mukeil nstëe ne tnesjýe y plstnrjlrbnetn mukeil fls jinetjhjqun pledk ne bkrmgk fks gkojfjikins kprneijiks pkrk rniumjrfks.
• Fudkr pkrk rnkfjzkr fk _nfkakm _nfkakmjýe jýe Fks mleijmjlens inf fudkr ilein rnkfjmnbls fk prëmtjmk tjnene qun mubpfjr ue ls rnqujsjtls bâejbls1 - Kbojnetn trkequjfl, trkequjfl, sje inbksjkils inbksjkils rujils y fnals in fls plsjofns nstâbufls nstâbufls nxtnrjlrns nxtnrjlrns pnrturokpnrturokilrns. - Ynbpnrkturk kinmukik0 fk gkojtkmjýe tjnen qun tnenr uek tnbpnrkturk tnbpnrkturk blinrkik (ej kftk ej okak) pkrk hkmjfjtkr fk rnfkakmjýe. - Fuz blinrkik0 blinrkik0 ns jbplrtketn qun sn bketnedk fk gkojtkmjýe mle uek fuz tneun.
• Fk plsjmjýe pkrk fk _nfkakm _nfkakmjýe jýe Ne fk rnfkakmjýe prldrnsjvk plinbls utjfjzkr ijhnrnetns tjpls in p lsjmjlens.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Yneijil slorn uek mkbk l ue ijvëe mle fls orkzls y fks pjnreks pjnreks fjdnrkbnetn ne ëedufl y kpkrtkils inf munrpl. - ^e sjffýe mýblil mýblil y mle orkzls0 ne nstn mksl ns mlevnejnetn qun utjfjmnbls kplyls kplyls pkrk fk eumk y fls pjns. - ]netkils ne uek sjffk l okequntk. Ne nstn mksl mksl utjfjzkrnbls utjfjzkrnbls fk plsjmjýe inf mlmgnrl insmrjtk pkrk nf netrnekbjnetl kutýdnel.
• Nf mursl inf netrnekbjnetl Skrtjneil inf trkokal jejmjkf in Akmlosle y plstnrjlrbnetn in Tlfpn sn nbpnzkrle k inskrrlffkr tlik dkbk in vkrjkmjlens inf prlmnsl lrjdjekf. lrjdjekf. ]ndñe nstls kutlrns nf nf netrnekbjnetl tjnen trns hksns1 ne fk prjbnrk sn fn nesnûk kf mfjnetn fk rnfkakmjýe slorn ;8 drupls in bñsmufls, mletjeukeil mle nf kprneijzkan in fk rnfkakmjýe slorn 4 drupls in bñsmufls y hjekfbnetn fk prëmtjmk sn rniumn slorn 9 drupls in bñsmufls. K mletjeukmjýe, sn bunstrke fks tkofks mlrrnspleijnetns k fks ijstjetks hksns inf netrnekbjnetl1 (A.B. Oumntk y ltrls, ;:7:)1
YKOFK ;. D_^SL] B^]M^FK_N] ML__N]SLEIJNEYN] KF NEY_NEKBJNEYL OË]JML S_LS^N]YL SL_ ON_E]YNJE Z OL_@LXNM (;:4=) ;. Bkel y ketnorkzl ilbjeketn ?. Oâmnps ilbjeketn =. Bkel y ketnorkzl el ilbjeketn 9. Oâmnps el ilbjeketn >. Hrnetn 8. Skrtn supnrjlr in fks bnajffks y ekrjz 4. Skrtn jehnrjlr in fks bnajffks y bkeiâoufks 7. Munffl y dkrdketk
:. Snmgl, glborls y pkrtn supnrjlr in fk nspkfik ;3. _ndjýe koilbjekf l nstlbkmkf ;;. Busfl ilbjeketn ;?. Sketlrrjffk ilbjeketn ;=. Sjn ilbjeketn ;9. Busfl ilbjeketn ;>. Sketlrrjffk el ilbjeketn ;8. Sjn el ilbjeketn
YKOFK ?. D_^SL] B^]M^FK_N] ML__N]SLEIJNEYN] KF NEY_NEKBJNEYL JEYN_BNIJL S_LS^N]YL SL_ ON_E]YNJE Z OL_@LXNM (;:4=) ;. Bkel y orkzl ilbjeketns i lbjeketns
>. Yýrkx, glborls, nspkfik y koilbne
?. Bkel y orkzl ilbjeketns i lbjeketns
8. Sjn y pjnrek ilbjeketns
=. Mkrk
4. Sjn y pjnrek el ilbjeketns
9. Munffl y dkrdketk
nijtlrjkf } mnp
YKOFK =. D_^SL] B^]M^FK_N] ML__N]SLEIJNEYN] KF NEY_NEKBJNEYL KXKEQKIL S_LS^N]YL SL_ ON_E]YNJE Z OL_@LXNM (;:4=) ;. Bkel y orkzls
=. Yýrkx, glborls, nspkfik y koilbne
?. Mkrk y munffl
9. Sjns y pjnreks
m. Netrnekbjnetl Netrnekbj netl Kutýdnel (]MG^FY (]MG^FYQ) Q) • Inhjejmjýe Nf netrnekbjnetl kutýdnel mlesjstn ne uek snrjn in hrksns nfkolrkiks mle nf hje in jeiumjr ne nf suantl nstkils in rnfkakmjýe k trkvês in kutlsudnstjlens. Yjnen su lrjdne ne fk nxpnrjnemjk bêijmk prlplrmjlekik plr fk gjpelsjs, pnrl ne nstn prlmnijbjnetl ns nf prlpjl suantl qujne kutldnenrk nf nstkil in rnfkakmjýe. Skrtn in fk uejiki psjmlhâsjmk bnetnmunrpl y mlesjinrk qun uek kinmukik ‖rnprnsnetkmjýe bnetkf‒ dnenrkrë nf mkbojl mlrplrkf mlrrnspleijnetn.
• Loantjvls - Jeiumjr bnijketn intnrbjekils nanrmjmjls nanrmjmjls ue mkbojl ne nf nstkil in mlesmjnemjk mlesmjnemjk inf jeijvjiul, uek ‖insmlenxjýe‒ dnenrkf inf lrdkejsbl qun supledk ue intnrbjekil mkbojl ne fk hlrbk in khrletkr fks inbkeiks inf bnijl. Nf prlpjl suantl inon kutldnenrkr fk rnfkakmjýe plr kutlsudnstjýe. - Nstn mkbojl mkbojl sn mlesjdun plr mlemnetrkmjýe jetnrek, plr ‖netrndk jetnrjlr‒ jetnrjlr‒ k intnrbjekiks ‖rnprn‖rnprnsnetkmjlens‒ prnnstkofnmjiks k trkvês inf kprneijzkan prldrnsjvl.
• Hueikbnetls Ynýrjm Ynýrjmls ls Gky trns nfnbnetls tnýrjmls qun suoykmne k fk nhjmkmjk inf netrnekbjnetl kutýdnel sndñe F^YGN1 - _niummjýe in fk nstjbufkmjýe prlmninetn inf nxtnrjlr nxtnrjlr hkmjfjtkik plr1 mleijmjlens ne qun sn inskrrlffk rnfkakmjýe n jestrummjlens. Nstk rniummjýe in fk nstjbufkmjýe ns mlijhjmkik plr nf tëfkbl qun k su vnz kmtñk slorn nf gjpltëfkbl k hje in qun êstn rniuzmk su kmtjvjiki sjbpëtjmk, prlpjmjkeil nf inskrrlffl in fk kmtjvjiki pkrksjbpëtjmk. - _npntjmjýe bnetkf in fks hrksns, hrksns, ne nspnmjkf nspnmjkf fks ils prjbnrks ‖pnsl y mkflr‒. ]n trktk in bjbntjzkr fls nhnmtls prliumjils plr nf jemrnbnetl in fk kmtjvkmjýe pkrksjbpëtjmk, fk rnpntjmjýe in fks hrksns pnrbjtn mlemnetrkr fk ktnemjýe y nvjtkr ijstrkmmjlens. - Mlemnetrkmjýe pksjvk, hkvlrnmn, hkvlrnmn, kf el nxjdjr kmtjvjiki, fk inskmtjvkmjýe sjbpëtjmk.
• Srlmnsl in Netrnekbjnetl Ne nf netrnekbjnetl kutýdnel sn rnkfjzk uek rnfkakmjýe mlemnetrktjvk ne snjs zleks ijhnrnetns1 - Bñsmufls - Xksls skeduâenls
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Mlrkzýe - _nspjrkmjýe - Ýrdkels koilbjekfns - Mkonzk
• Xnetkaks Xnetkaks inf Srlmnijbjne Srlmnijbjnetl tl Hkvlrnmn fk mlesnmumjýe in1 - _nfkakmjýe busmufkr dnenrkf - _niummjýe in fk mleiumtkemjk nfnmtrliêrbjmk - Ijsbjeumjýe in bltjfjiki dëstrjmk - Kubnetl in fk tnbpnrkturk pnrjhêrjmk - _niummjýe in fk tksk mkriâkmk
i. Mletrlf in fk _nspjrkmjý _nspjrkmjýe e • Loantjvl Nf loantjvl in fks têmejmks in mletrlf in rnspjrkmjýe prntnein nesnûkr ue kinmukil mletrlf vlfuetkrjl in êstk pkrk plstnrjlrbnetn kutlbktjzkrfl, in hlrbk qun su rndufkmjýe sn bketnedk jemfusl ne sjtukmjlens prlofnbëtjmks. ]n trktk in mlesndujr uek utjfjzkmjýe bës mlbpfntk in fls pufblens hkmjfjtkeil uek rnspjrkmjýe ijkhrkdbëtjmk mlbpfntk, qun sn kmlbpkûk k su vnz in ue rjtbl bës fnetl.
• Ynlrâks Nxpfjmktjvk Nxpfjmktjvkss - Fk rnspjrkmjýe ijkhrkdbëtjmk hkvlrnmn fk kmtjvkmjýe pkrksjbpëtjmk. - Nf blvjbjnetl inf ijkhrkdbk prliumn qun fls mletnejils mletnejils inf koilbne nstjbufne nstjbufne nf enrvjl vkdl prlpjmjkeil fk kmtjvkmjýe pkrksjbpëtjmk (Gjrkj ;:4>) - Fk rnspjrkmjýe rnspjrkmjýe ijkhrkdbëtjmk ijkhrkdbëtjmk nstjbufk tketl nf pfnxl slfkr mlbl nf enrvjl vkdl inrnmgl kmtjkmtjvkeil ksâ nf ]E pkrksjbpëtjml (Gkrvny ;:47). - Jemrnbnetl ne fls ejvnfns in ML? nffl mleffnvk nhnmtls tketl mnetrkfns mlbl pnrjhêrjmls (ijsbjeumjýe in fk tksk mkriâkmk, vkslijfktkmjýe pnrjhêrjmk, nstjbufkmjýe in fk snmrnmjýe dëstrjmk, inprnsjýe in fk kmtjvjiki mlrtjmkf...)
• Srlmnijbjnetl Srjbnr nanrmjmjl. ]u loantjvl ns ijrjdjr nf kjrn jespjrkil k fk pkrtn jehnrjlr in fls pufblens. Nf prlmnsl mlesjstn ne mlflmkr uek bkel nemjbk inf vjnetrn y ltrk nemjbk in su nstýbkdl, pkrk plinr pnrmjojr bnalr fls nhnmtls in mkik mjmfl jespjrkmjýe/nspjrkmjýe. ]n jeijmk kf pkmjnetn qun trktn in ijrjdjr nf kjrn ne mkik jespjrkmjýe k ffnekr fk pkrtn jehnrjlr in sus pufblens.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Mlevjnen ikr jestrummjlens inf nstjfl ‖gjemgk fk pkrtn jehnrjlr inf trleml mletrk nf pufbýe‒, ‖Ijrjdjr nf kjrn k fk pkrtn bës okak plsjofn inf trleml‒. Ns jbplrtketn ikr hnniokm` y rnhlrzkr mkik pnqunûl kvkemn in hlrbk jebnijktk. Fk rnspjrkmjýe el inon hlrzkrsn ej gkmnrsn bës rëpjik, sn gk in nbpnzkr mle fk jetnesjiki gkojtukf, pnrl prnlmupëeilsn plr ijrjdjr nf kjrn gkmjk fk pkrtn jehnrjlr in fls pufblens. Fk ktnemjýe inon mnetrkrsn ne fks sneskmjlens mlrplrkfns qun sn prliumne. Fk iurkmjýe ns in ? k 9 bjeutls. _npntjr nf nanrmjmjl vkrjks vnmns (kf bnels trns l muktrl). ]ndueil nanrmjmjl Kquâ nf loantjvl ns qun fk pnrslek inon snr mkpkz in ijrjdjr nf kjrn k fk pkrtn jehnrjlr y bnijk in sus pufblens. Nf prlmnsl mlesjstn ne ijrjdjr nf kjrn k fk pkrtn jehnrjlr in fls pufblens. Ne fk bjsbk jespjrkmjýe, pnrl bkrmkeil ue tjnbpl ijhnrnetn, ijrjdjr nf kjrn k fk pkrtn bnijk. Fk rnspjrkmjýe inon gkmnrsn ne ils tjnbpls, plejneil nspnmjkf ktnemjýe ne qun sn rnkfjmn fk prjbnrk pkrtn sje qun sn gjemgn k fk vnz nf nstýbkdl. Fk iurkmjýe ns in ? k 9 bjeutls. _npntjmjýe = l 9 vnmns mle jetnrvkfls in insmkesl. Ynrmnr nanrmjmjl Nf loantjvl ns ffnvkr k mkol uek jespjrkmjýe mlbpfntk. Nf prlmnsl mlesjstn ne ijrjdjr nf kjrn in mkik jespjrkmjýe, prjbnrl k fk zlek inf vjnetrn, fundl k fk inf nstýbkdl y plr ñftjbl kf pnmgl. Fk jespjrkmjýe gk in rnkfjzkrsn ne trns tjnbpls ijhnrnetns, uel plr mkik zlek. Mukrtl nanrmjmjl Nf loantjvl ns gkmnr bës mlbpfntk y rndufkr fk rnspjrkmjýe. Nf prlmnsl mlesjstn ne qun, trks rnkfjzkr fk jespjrkmjýe ne trns tjnbpls, sn rnkfjzk fk nspjrkmjýe mnrrkeil okstketn fls fkojls k hje in qun nstk prliuzmk ue tneun rujil. ]n trktk in qun fk nspjrkmjýe snk pkuskik mlestketn y el orusmk, kyuiëeilels inf hnniokm` qun prliumn nf rujil rndufkr. Skrk mlesndujr uek nspjrkmjýe bës mlbpfntk ns ñtjf trktkr in sjfokr mukeil sn mlesjinrn qun sn ffndk kf hjekf in fk nspjrkmjýe y nfnvkr fls glborls, pkrk hkvlrnmnr fk nxpufsjýe in kjrn rnsjiukf. [ujetl nanrmjmjl Nf loantjvl ns nstkofnmnr uek kinmukik kftnrekemjk rnspjrktlrjk. Nf prlmnsl mlesjstn ne qun fk jespjrkmjýe yk el sn gkmn ne trns tjnbpls, sjel uel mletjeul. Fk nspjrkmjýe sn rnkfjzk in hlrbk sjbjfkr kf nanrmjmjl ketnrjlr, puijneil sustjtujrsn prldrnsjvkbnetn nf sjfokr kf hjekf y gkmnrfk in hlrbk rujilsk pkrk jr k ue mjmfl rnspjrktlrjl mlbpfntkbnetn elrbkf. ]nxtl nanrmjmjl Nf loantjvl ns dnenrkfjzkr fk rnspjrkmjýe mlbpfntk k fks mleijmjlens gkojtukfns inf pkmjnetn. Nf prlmnsl mlesjstn ne rnpntjr nf nanrmjmjl qujetl ne ijhnrnetns plsjmjlens y sjtukmjlens (snetkil, in pjn, keikeil, lals kojnrtls, rlpk bnels kinmukik, rnkfjzkr nf nanrmjmjl bjnetrks gkmn ltrk tkrnk, ntm.) Ykbojêe sn blijhjmke mleijmjlens kbojnetkfns1 (rujils, prnsnemjk in ltrks pnrsleks, jetnrkmmjýe mle ltrks pnrsleks...)
nijtlrjkf } mnp
n. Ojlhnniokm` • Inhjejmjýe ]n inhjen nf ojlhnnokm` (O.H) (l rntrlkfjbnetkmjýe) mlbl ue prlmnsl plr nf mukf uek pnrslek kprnein k jehfujr slorn fls prlmnsls jevlfuetkrjls inf munrpl kf rnmjojr jehlrbkmjýe hjsjlfýdjmk in ue kpkrktl nfnmtrýejml qun blejtlrjzk mletjeukbnetn intnrbjekils pkrëbntrls hjsjlfýdjmls mlbl fk tnbpnrkturk in pjnf, nf tlel busmufkr, fks leiks mnrnorkfns l fk rnspjrkmjýe.
• Loantjvls Kfduels kspnmtls kslmjkils kf usl inf O.H. y qun sn mlesjinrke rnspleskofns inf mkbojl prliumjil plr su utjfjzkmjýe sle1 - Nf mletrlf mletrlf slorn fk rnspunstk rnspunstk hjsjlfýdjmk loantl inf netrnekbjnetl. - Fls plsjofns plsjofns mkbojls mkbojls dnenrkils dnenrkils plr nf mletrlf mletrlf kiqujrjil slorn nsk rnspunstk. rnspunstk. - Fls nhnmtls prliumjil prliumjilss plr nf netrnekbjne netrnekbjnetl tl ne o.h., dflokfbnetn mlesjinrkil mlbl ue prlmnijbjnetl in jetnrvnemjýe kf bkrdne inf ejvnf in mletrlf slorn fk rnspunstk hjsjlfýdjmk kiqujrjik. Nf loantjvl hjekf ns qun fk pnrslek lotnedk ue mletrlf vlfuetkrjl in fk/s rnspunstk/s hjsjlfýdjmk/s rnfkmjlekiks mle ue prlofnbk p rlofnbk nspnmâhjml y rnslfvnr ue intnrbjekil trkstlrel l kftnrkmjýe.
• Yjpls Ne pkrtjmufkr, fls prjemjpkfns tjpls in OH, sle1 - OH NBD1 Srlvnn Srlvnn jehlrbkmjýe jehlrbkmjýe in fk kmtjvjiki inf bñsmufl l drupl busmufkr slorn slorn nf qun nstëe mlflmkils fls nfnmtrlils (sjnbprn nfnmtrlils in supnrhjmjn). Sunin snr ñtjf pkrk kprneinr k mletrlfkr uek rnspunstk busmufkr nspnmâhjmk, ojne kubnetkeil, ojne ijsbjeuyneil fk tnesjýe inf bñsmufl kinmukil. ]ýfl prlplrmjlek jehlrbkmjýe slorn nf bñsmufl mlemrntl ne nf qun nstëe mlflmkils fls nfnmtrlils, plr fl qun el ns ñtjf pkrk blijhjmkr rnspunstks dnenrkfjzkik - OH in _IN1 Srlvnn jehlrbkmjýe jehlrbkmjýe in fk rnspunstk in mleiumtkemjk in fk zlek in fk pjnf ne fk qun nstëe mlflmkils fls nfnmtrlils (gkojtukfbnetn fks hkfkedns ;ª l ?ª in fls inils âeijmn y mlrkzýe). Ikil qun fls vkflrns in fk mleiumtkemjk inpneine inf ejvnf in kmtjvkmjýe inf ]E ]jbpëtjml, pnrbjtn jinetjhjmkr nf ejvnf dnenrkf in kmtjvkmjýe, y netrnekr k fk pnrslek ne mletrlfkr nstn ejvnf, plr fl qun ns ue prlmnijbjnetl buy ñtjf pkrk mlfkolrkr ne nf netrnekbjnetl ne rnfkakmjýe dnenrkf, ksâ mlbl pkrk mlfkolrkr ne mukfqujnr trktkbjnetl muyl loantjvl jbpfjqun fk ijsbjeumjýe in fk kmtjvkmjýe sjbpëtjmk k vlfuetki. - OH in tnbpnrkturk1 Srlvnn jehlrbkmjýe jehlrbkmjýe in fk tnbpnrkturk tnbpnrkturk pnrjhêrjmk in fk zlek zlek inf munrpl munrpl ne fk qun nstê uojmkil nf sneslr. Fk tnbpnrkturk in fk pjnf inpnein ne drke pkrtn inf rjndl skeduâenl in fk zlek suoykmnetn, plr fl qun sn gk utjfjzkil nstk bnijik mlbl nstjbkmjýe jeijrnmtk in fk mjrmufkmjýe pnrjhêrjmk, kpfjmëeilsn pkrk nf mletrlf in prlofnbks mjrmufktlrjls. - OH NND1 Srlvnn Srlvnn jehlrbkmjýe jehlrbkmjýe slorn fk kmtjvjiki nfêmtrjmk nfêmtrjmk in fk mlrtnzk mnrnorkf sjtukik sjtukik okal fls nfnmtrlils. ]n suplen qun nf plinr mletrlfkr k vlfuetki intnrbjekils rjtbls nfêmtrjmls mnrnorkfns punin snr ñtjf pkrk prnvnejr l supnrkr mjnrtls trkstlrels. K pnskr in fk jbplrtkemjk qun sn fn ijl jejmjkfbnetn, nstn tjpl in OH ns qujzë in fls qun bës munstjlekils nstëe ne fk kmtukfjiki, skfvl ne nf mksl in su usl pkrk prlofnbks in npjfnpsjk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- OH in hrnmunemjk mkrijkmk1 prlvnn jehlrbkmjýe inf eñbnrl in fktjils mkriâkmls plr uejiki in tjnbpl, pnrbjtjneil jinetjhjmkr tketl fk hrnmunemjk mlbl fk rndufkrjiki inf fktjil mkriâkml. ]u utjfjzkmjýe bës nspnmâhjmk sn gk mnetrkil ne nf mletrlf in tkqujmkrijks, gkojêeilsn uskil ksâ bjsbl ne mksls nsplrëijmls pkrk trktkr in mletrlfkr krrjtbjks mkriâkmks. - OH in vlfubne skeduâenl1 prlvnn jehlrbkmjýe jehlrbkmjýe in fk mketjiki in skedrn qun pksk plr ue intnrbjekil vksl slorn nf qun nstë mlflmkil nf sneslr l, kftnrektjvkbnetn, in fk ijfktkmjýe qun kfmkezk êstn. Nf prlmnijbjnetl usukf ns fk hltlpfntjsbldrkhâk. ]u utjfjzkmjýe nstë jeijmkik ne trkstlrels vksmufkrns mlbl mnhkfnks, _kyekui, gjpnrtnesjýe, ntm. - OH in prnsjýe skeduâenk1 Ns uel in fls tjpls in OH qun bës sn gk utjfjzkil. In suyl, ne ue jetnetl in bnalrkr nf prlmnijbjnetl, sn gke inskrrlffkil ijhnrnetns suotjpls in OH in fk prnsjýe skeduâenk1 k) OH in Srnsjýe ]jstýfjmk ]jstýfjmk bnijik plr nshjdblbkeýbntrl1 nshjdblbkeýbntrl1 ns nf prlmnijbjnetl bës trkijmjlekf. trkijmjlekf. ]n jehfk nf bkedujtl gkstk uek prnsjýe qun sýfl inak pkskr fk skedrn ne nf >3 plr ;33 in fks hksns sjstýfjmks. Nf suantl inon netrnekrsn ne ijsbjeujr fk prnsjýe krtnrjkf mlesjdujneil qun ijsbjeuyk nsn âeijmn inf >3 plr ;33. o) OH in Xnflmjiki in Leik in Sufsl1 prlvnn jehlrbkmjýe jehlrbkmjýe inf tjnbpl qun tkrik ne rnmlrrnr rnmlrrnr mkik pufsl skeduâenl nf nspkmjl netrn ils sneslrns in prnsjýe mlflmkils gkojtukfbnetn ne fk krtnrjk gubnrkf nf prjbnrl y ne fk f k rkijkf nf sndueil. Nf suantl inon netrnekrsn ne ijsbjeujr fk vnflmjiki in fk leik in pufsl. m) OH in Yjnbpl in Yrëesjtl inf inf Sufsl1 prlmnijbjnetl sjbjfkr sjbjfkr kf ketnrjlr mlesjstnetn mlesjstnetn ne bnijr fk vnflmjiki inf pufsl skeduâenl, sj ojne ne nstn mksl fk prjbnrk bnijik ns fk leik _ inf nfnmtrlmkrijldrkbk y fk sndueik fk prnsjýe inf pufsl ne fk krtnrjk rkijkf. ]uplen uek nstjbkmjýe inf vkflr sjstýfjml in fk prnsjýe krtnrjkf, el nf ijkstýfjml. - OH nfnmtrl`jensjlfýdjml1 nfnmtrl`jensjlfýdjml1 prlvnn jehlrbkmjýe jehlrbkmjýe kmnrmk kmnrmk in ue intnrbjekil blvjbjnetl. Slr nanbpfl, punin ikr jehlrbkmjýe slorn nf drkil in kpnrturk qun sn kfmkezk mle fk nxtnesjýe in uek intnrbjekik krtjmufkmjýe, plr fl qun ns buy bu y ñtjf pkrk fk bkylr pkrtn in fls prlmnijbjnetls in rngkojfjtkmjýe busmufkr. ]u usl sn nstë jemrnbnetkeil in bkenrk jbplrtketn, el sýfl ne nf mkbpl in fk skfui sjel tkbojêe ne ltrls mkbpls mlbl ne nf ëbojtl inplrtjvl, l ne nf ëbojtl fkolrkf. - OH in prnsjýe1 prnsjýe1 Srlvnn jehlrbkmjýe in fk prnsjýe qun sn nanrmn nanrmn plr pkrtn in intnrbjekik zlek inf munrpl inf suantl slorn ue krtjfudjl prnpkrkil kf nhnmtl.
h. Insnesjojf Insnesjojfjzkmjýe jzkmjýe ]jstnbëtj ]jstnbëtjmk mk • Inhjejmjýe Fk Insnesjojfjzkmjýe ]jstnbëtjmk ns uek jetnrvnemjýe tnrkpêutjmk inskrrlffkik pkrk nfjbjekr fk mleiumtk in bjnil y fls sâeirlbns in nvjtkmjýe. ‖ Fk insnesjojfjzkmjýe sjstnbëtjmk ns ue bêtlil psjmltnrkpêutjml inetrl inf pkrkijdbk tnýrjml-mfâejml in fks tnrkpjks mldejtjvl-mleiumtukfns, muyk mkrkmtnrâstjmk prjemjpkf ns fk kprlxjbkmjýe sumnsjvk inf suantl k sjtukmjlens qun fn prliumne uek nxkmnrokmjýe ijshuemjlekf in mleiumtks (nblmjlekfns, mldejtjvks l mlbplrtkbnetkfns)‒. Fk insnesjojfjzkmjýe sjstnbëtjmk ns ue trktkbjnetl nhnmtjvl pkrk mlboktjr hlojks mfësjmks, bjnils mrýejmls y rnkmmjlens in kesjniki jetnrpnrslekf. Nstë nspnmjkfbnetn jeijmkik pkrk jegjojr kesjnikins kmtjvkiks plr nstâbufls qun el tjnene uek rnspunstk bkejhjnstk kprlpjkik. ]u loantjvl ns vlfvnr k nesnûkr k rnspleinr sje bjnil.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
• Mleijmjlens Fk insnesjojfjzkmjýe sjstnbëtjmk rnqujnrn trns mleijmjlens1 - ]konr rnfkakrsn bnijketn fk têmejmk in rnfkakmjýe prldrnsjvk. - Mrnkmjýe in uek snrjn drkiukf in sjtukmjlens sjtukmjlens in prëmtjmk qun prliumne kesjniki k fk qun ffkbkbls ‖anrkrquâk‒. - _nmlrrnr fks sjtukmjlens sjtukmjlens drkiukiks rnfkaëeilsn ne mkik uek y ilbjeëeilfk ketns in pkskr k fk sjdujnetn. Nstk têmejmk ns fk bës utjfjzkik pkrk nf trktkbjnetl in fks hlojks y inbës mukirls in kesjniki. ]n trktk in lrinekr in hlrbk drkiukik fls ijhnrnetns nstâbufls qun prlplrmjleke tnblr, in bnelr k bkylr drkil in jetnesjiki bnijketn uek anrkrquâk in bjnils.
• Srlmnijbjnetl Skrk su utjfjzkmjýe ns enmnskrjl1 - _nmldjik in jehlrbkmjýe - Jejmjl in netrnekbjnetl ne rnfkakmjýe, rnfkakmjýe, (dnenrkfbnetn ijrjdjil plr tnrkpnutk) - ]j fk rnfkakmjýe sn gk inskrrlffkil kinmukikbnetn nbpnzkbls mle mle uek nsmnek mletrlf mletrlf (mukfqujnr nsmnek jelmuk sjrvn) mle nf loantl in mlehjrbkr kf tnrkpnutk qun nf pkmjnetn vjsukfjzk y rnsplein kinmukikbnetn. - ]n fn pjin kf pkmjnetn pkmjnetn qun sn jbkdjen fks nsmneks austl mlbl fks insmrjon, insmrjon, rnmlriëeilfn rnmlriëeilfn qun ns jbplrtketn qun jbkdjen ñejmkbnetn fk nsmnek qun sn fn prnsnetk (sj nxpnrjbnetk kesjniki inon snûkfkrfl jebnijktkbnetn). - Nf tnrkpnutk tnrkpnutk inak qun nf pkmjnetn vjsukfjmn fk nsmnek iurketn iurketn >/4 sndueils (nf pkmjnetn inon gkmnr uek snûkf mukeil gk fldrkil uek jbkdne mfkrk in fk nsmnek qun sn prnsnetk k pkrtjr in kgâ mletkbls nf tjnbpl). - Yrkesmurrjil nf tjnbpl sn pjin kf pkmjnetn qun inan in vjsukfjzkr vjsukfjzkr fk nsmnek nsmnek y sn fn prnduetk prnduetk plr nf drkil in kesjniki - ]n jejmjk rnfkakmjýe iurketn uels ?3-=3 sndueils - ]n vunfvn k prnsnetkr fk nsmnek. - Gky qun tnrbjekr fk snsjýe mle mle ue âtnb âtnb qun el prliuzmk kesjniki y uek vnz qun nf pkmjnetn gk skfjil in fk rnfkakmjýe sn mlbnetk mle êf fk snsjýe y sn kekfjzke plsjofns ijhjmuftkins. - Fk iurkmjýe iurkmjýe kprlxjbkik in uek snsjýe in I.]. sunfn snr netrn netrn ?3-=3 bjeutls.
• Yjpls Insnesjojfjzkmjýe ]jstnbëtjmk Je Xjvl Mlesjstn ne nxplenr drkiukfbnetn kf suantl k fls nstâbufls nvlmkilrns in kesjniki ne fk vjik rnkf. Nf tnrkpnutk kmlbpkûk kf mfjnetn iurketn i urketn fk nxplsjmjýe mlevjnen utjfjzkr uel l vkrjls mltnrkpnutks pkrk nstk huemjýe k hje in nvjtkr qun nf tnrkpnutk el sn mlevjnrtk ne ue nstâbufl mleijmjlekil jegjojilr in kesjniki.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Jbkdjekmjýe Nbltjvk l Jbkdjektjvk ]n utjfjzk mlbl rnspunstk jemlbpktjofn fk jbkdjekmjýe in nsmneks qun prlvlmke snetjbjnetls plsjtjvls qun jegjone fk kesjniki. Mlesjstn ne kslmjkr k ue nstâbufl qun prlvlmk kesjniki, ltrl nstâbufl in ekturkfnzk kdrkikofn gn jbkdjekil plr nf jeijvjiul, nf mukf ns jemlbpktjofn mle fk kesjniki. Kf kslmjkr kbols nstâbufls, mukeil kpkrnmn nf qun prliumn kesjniki, kutlbëtjmkbnetn sn prnsnetk nf jbkdjekrjl kdrkikofn, rniumjêeilsn fk kesjniki gkstk inskpkrnmnr.
G. Yêmejmks in nxplsjmjýe k. Inhjejmjý Inhjejmjýe e Nf trktkbjnetl mleiumtukf bës nhjmkz pkrk gkmnr hrnetn k fks mleiumtks in nvjtkmjýe ne fls trkstlrels in kesjniki y, hueikbnetkfbnetn ne hlojks, ns fk nxplsjmjýe ne vjvl in fls nstâbufls hýojmls sje fk mleiumtk in nsmkpn gkstk qun fk kesjniki rnbjtk. Nf prjemjpjl eumfnkr in fk nxplsjmjýe ns nf mlevnemjbjnetl inf pkmjnetn pkrk nehrnetkrsn rnpntjikbnetn k fks sjtukmjlens qun fn prlvlmke kesjniki iurketn pnrâlils prlfledkils gkstk qun sn prliuzmk uek gkojtukmjýe kf nstrês nxpnrjbnetkil. Fk tnrkpjk in nxplsjmjýe kmtñk nspnmâhjmkbnetn slorn fks mleiumtks in nvjtkmjýe, y in rnoltn slorn fk kmtjvkmjýe kutleýbjmk, nf pëejml y fks ijstlrsjlens mldejtjvks. Fk nxplsjmjýe inon snr drkiukf. Nf pkmjnetn inon mlbnezkr plr pksls l sjtukmjlens qun fn prliuzmke rnfktjvkbnetn plmk kesjniki n jr kvkezkeil fl bës rëpjil qun punik gkmjk sjtukmjlens buy kesjýdneks y tltkfbnetn nvjtkiks, pnrl sje hlrzkrsn gkstk nf puetl in nxpnrjbnetkr uek kesjniki l pëejml jebkenakofn.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
Fls pksls inone snr nspnmâhjmls y nstkr insmrjtls insmrjtls ne intkffn. Kinbës, inon jr jemfuyneil ne fk nxplsjmjýe tliks kqunffks kqunffks sjtukmjlens qun fn prliumne kesjniki l qun nvjtk, l uek bunstrk rnprnsnetktjvk in fks bjsbks, k mleijmjýe in qun snke pnrtjenetns y sjdejhjmktjvks pkrk nf pkmjnetn. Fk mfkvn inf trktkbjnetl ns jbpnijr qun fk nvjtkmjýe l nsmkpn sn mlevjnrtk ne uek ‖snûkf in sndurjiki‒, bës qun jbpnijr nf nsmkpn plr sâ bjsbl.
Fls trktkbjnetls in nxplsjmjýe rnqujnrne, mlbl mleijmjlens prnvjks1 - Nf nstkofnmjbjnetl in uek kfjkezk tnrkpêutjmk sýfjik. - Fk tlbk in mlemjnemjk mlemjnemjk plr pkrtn pkrtn inf pkmjnetn pkmjnetn in su rnspleskojfjiki ne nf rnsuftkil rnsuftkil hjekf inf trktkbjnetl. - Fk jbpfjmkmjýe jbpfjmkmjýe in fk pkrnak inf pkmjnetn pkmjnetn ne ne fks tkrnks tnrkpêutjmks.
o. Blikfjikins in Nxplsjmjýe • Nxplsjmjýe ne Jbkdjekmjýe y ne Xjvl Fls nstâbufls utjfjzkils pkrk fk nxplsjmjýe punine snr ne vjvl, jbkdjekils, hjfbkils l drkokils ne mjetk l prnsnetkils bnijketn rlfn-pfkyjed. ]n gk mlesjinrkil qun fk nxplsjmjýe ne vjvl ns nf bêtlil in nfnmmjýe pkrk nf trktkbjnetl in fls mukirls in kesjniki.
• Nxplsjmjýe ne Drupl Mle fk nxplsjmjýe jeijvjiukf y mle fk nxplsjmjýe drupkf, sn lotjnene rnsuftkils mlbpkrkofns. Ne nf pkpnf in fk mlgnsjýe inf drupl, fls bnalrns rnsuftkils pkrnmne lotnenrsn ne kqunffls drupls mlgnsjlekils ne fls qun fls bjnborls inf drupl pnrbkenmne nspletëenkbnetn ne mletkmtl uels mle ltrls trks fk tnrbjekmjýe in fk tnrkpjk. Fk nxplsjmjýe ne drupl nstë nspnmjkfbnetn jeijmkik mukeil1 - Nf pkmjnetn vjvn slfl. - Nf pkmjnetn mkrnmn in gkojfjikins slmjkfns. - Nf pkmjnetn bketjnen uek rnfkmjýe in pkrnak mlehfjmtjvk. Nf kfmkemn tnrkpêutjml in fk nxplsjmjýe ne drupl sn inon kf nhnmtl bltjvkmjlekf qun suplen k mkik pkmjnetn pkrk fk rnkfjzkmjýe in fks fk s tkrnks y in fls onenhjmjls slmjkfns lotnejils.
• Kutlnxplsjmjýe Fk prnlmupkmjýe plr nf bketnejbjnetl in fls rnsuftkils k fkrdl pfkzl gk mleiumjil kf inskrrlffl in fls prldrkbks in kutlnxplsjmjýe, mlbl ue mlbpfnbnetl inf trktkbjnetl y mlbl uek bnijik in fls rnsuftkils. ]us loantjvls sle1 - _niumjr fk inpneinemjk inf pkmjnetn. - Kmlrtkr nf tjnbpl tjnbpl in inijmkmjýe prlhnsjlekf plr pkrtn pkrtn inf tnrkpnutk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
- Hkmjfjtkr nf bketnejbjnetl in fls rnsuftkils (mletrlf in rnmkâiks). Fls rnqujsjtls enmnskrjls gke in snr1 - Nstkofnmjbjnetl in bntks rnkfjstks. - Jinetjhjmkmjýe in mkik uek in fks mleiumtks prlofnbëtjmks. - Srëmtjmk rndufkr in fk kutlnxplsjmjýe kutlnxplsjmjýe mle mkik uek in nffks. - Nvkfukmjýe in fk rniummjýe inf ejvnf in kesjniki. - Sfkejhjmkmjýe inf bkenal in mletrktjnbpls.
8. BÊYLIL] KEYJMLEMN KEYJMLEMNSYJXL] SYJXL] 8.; Jetrliummjýe ]le kqunffls qun nvjtke qun fks rnfkmjlens snxukfns vkyke fjdkiks k fk rnprliummjýe, jbpjijneil qun ue ývufl snk hnmueikil plr ue nspnrbktlzljin. Ns jbplrtketn skonr qun el nxjstn ejedñe bêtlil pnrhnmtl qun vkyk ojne k tliks fks buanrns u glborns k tliks fks nikins y ne tliks fks sjtukmjlens. Nxjstne bumgls y vkrjkils bêtlils ketjmlemnptjvls, sjneil nf bnalr kqunf qun ns kmnptkil plr fk pkrnak, tlfnrkil y ojne utjfjzkil. Nxmnptl nf prnsnrvktjvl, bksmufjel y hnbnejel, fls inbës rnqujnrne mlesuftk prnvjk y ksnslrkbjnetl bêijml.
8.? Mfksjhjmkmjýe in fls bêtlils ketjmlemnptjvls K. Bêtlils bnmëejmls l in okrrnrk ]u huemjýe ns lostrujr nf kmmnsl inf nspnrbk kf ñtnrl.
k. Srnsnrvk Srnsnrvktjvl tjvl bksmufjel l mleiýe Hueik dnenrkfbnetn in fëtnx, buy hjel y rnsjstnetn qun sn mlflmk insnerlffëeilfl ne nf pnen ne nrnmmjýe, jbpjijneil ksâ qun nf snbne in fk nykmufkmjýe sn kflan ne fk vkdjek.
]j ojne fk hjekfjiki in fls bêtlils ketjmlemnptjvls ns nvjtkr nf nbokrkzl, kmtukfbnetn ns jbplrtketn hlbnetkr, slorn tlil netrn fls aývnens, kqunffls bêtlils qun kinbës inf nbokrkzl nvjtke nehnrbnikins in trkesbjsjýe snxukf (NY]) mlbl sle fls prnsnrvktjvls.
o. Srnsnrvk Srnsnrvktjvl tjvl hnbnejel Ns uek hueik in plfjurntkel, bës kemgl qun nf bksmufjel y prlvjstl in ue kejffl râdjil in uels ;3 mb. in ijëbntrl ne nf nxtrnbl kojnrtl y in ue sndueil kejffl bës nstrnmgl sjtukil ne nf jetnrjlr inf prnsnrvktjvl.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
m. Ijkhrkdbk Ns uek mkpnruzk in mkumgl l in dlbk mle ue olrin hfnxjofn in ijstjetks bnijiks qun kmtñk mlbl lostëmufl bnmëejml tkpkeil nf munffl inf ñtnrl, jbpjijneil ksâ fk netrkik in fls nspnrbktlzljins.
i. Ijsplsjtjvl Ijsplsj tjvl jetrkutnrj jetrkutnrjel el (IJ^) Ns ue pnqunûl kpkrktl in pfëstjml y bntkf (mlorn l pfktk y mlorn) buy hfnxjofn, qun sn jetrliumn ne nf jetnrjlr inf ñtnrl. Ketn su prnsnemjk, sn sndrndk bkylr mketjiki in hfual ijhjmuftkeil nf ksmnesl in fls nspnrbktlzljins k trkvês in êf. Kftnrk nf blvjbjnetl in fks trlbpks in Hkflpjl ijhjmuftkeil fk hnmueikmjýe.
O. Bêtlils quâbjmls y glrblekfns k. Sâfilrk ketjmlemnptj ketjmlemnptjvk vk Ns ue mlbpunstl in glrbleks sjetêtjmks sjbjfkrns k fks ekturkfns in fk buanr (nstrýdnels y prldnstnrlek). Kf tlbkrfks fk gjpýhjsjs inak in bkeikr lrinens kf lvkrjl pkrk qun nstn prliuzmke nstks glrbleks, plr fl qun nf lvkrjl qunik ne rnplsl y el gky lvufkmjýe, plr tketl el punin gkonr hnmueikmjýe, fl qun gkmn jbplsjofn nf nbokrkzl. Fk kibjejstrkmjýe in ketjmlemnptjvls lrkfns tkbojêe rniumn fk kpkrjmjýe in ilflrns bnestrukfns, tnesjýe prnbnestrukf, gnblrrkdjk jrrndufkr (ne buanrns muyls pnrâlils gke sjil jrrndufkrns), kenbjk, qujstns bkbkrjls, qujstns ne fls lvkrjls, nbokrkzl tuoërjml (nbokrkzl flmkfjzkil ne uek trlbpk in Hkflpjl, qun ns uek vkrjniki in nbokrkzl nmtýpjml) n jehnmmjýe tuoërjmk. Ksâ bjsbl, fks buanrns qun gke sndujil ue trktkbjnetl mle ketjmlemnptjvls lrkfns tjnene bnels prlokojfjikins in tnenr krtrjtjs rnubktljin y lstnlplrlsjs qun kqunffks qun euemk fls gke tlbkil. Ketns in mlbnezkr k tlbkr ketjmlemnptjvls lrkfns, inonrâk nhnmtukrsn uek nxpflrkmjýe hâsjmk pkrk insmkrtkr trkstlrels qun snke pltnemjkfbnetn pnfjdrlsls. ]j fk pkmjnetn l ue hkbjfjkr mnrmkel gke tnejil ijkontns l uek nehnrbniki mkrijkmk, gkojtukfbnetn sn rnkfjzk ue keëfjsjs in skedrn pkrk bnijr fls vkflrns in mlfnstnrlf y in dfumlsk (kzñmkr). Mukeil nstls vkflrns sle kftls, sunfne utjfjzkrsn ketjmlemnptjvls lrkfns in ilsjs okaks, kuequn nf bêijml prkmtjmkrë ltrls keëfjsjs in skedrn bës kinfketn pkrk ksndurkrsn in qun nstls vkflrns el kubnetke in hlrbk sjdejhjmktjvk. Yrns bnsns inspuês in gkonr mlbnezkil nf trktkbjnetl sn rnkfjzk ltrk rnvjsjýe pkrk mlbprlokr qun fk prnsjýe p rnsjýe krtnrjkf el gk mkbojkil. Yrks nstn pnrâlil, sn rnqujnrn uek rnvjsjýe kf bnels uek vnz kf kûl. Fks buanrns in bës in => kûls qun hubke el inonrâke uskr ketjmlemnptjvls lrkfns, plrqun fls rjnsdls supnrke k fls onenhjmjls. Ykbojêe gky ltrks buanrns mle rjnsdl nfnvkil. Slr nanbpfl, fls ketjmlemnptjvls lrkfns punine gkmnr qun fk prnsjýe krtnrjkf kubnetn kñe bës ne uek buanr mle prnsjýe kftk. ]je nbokrdl, mukeil fls rjnsdls sn nqujfjorne mle fls onenhjmjls, fk buanr punin tlbkr ue mletrkmnptjvl lrkf, kuequn sjnbprn okal mletrlf bêijml plr sj gkmn hkftk jetnrrubpjr su kibjejstrkmjýe ne mksl enmnskrjl.
o. Jeynmmjýe glrblekf ]n trktk in kibjejstrkr k fk buanr ne hlrbk in jeynmmjýe fk mketjiki in glrbleks in ue nevksn l bës in pâfilrks ketjmlemnptjvks. Ksâ fk hrnmunemjk in fks jeynmmjlens punin snr mkik muktrl,
nijtlrjkf } mnp
lmgl l ilmn snbkeks. Fk mlbplsjmjýe punin vkrjkr1 sýfl in prldnstnrlek l mlbojekeil nstrýdnel y prldnstnrlek. Srliumn nf bjsbl nhnmtl ketjmlemnptjvl qun fk p âfilrk.
m. Jbpfketn glrblekf Nf jbpfketn nstë hlrbkil plr 8 pnqunûls tuols inf tkbkûl in uek mnrjffk qun sn jesnrtke okal fk pjnf inf orkzl in fk buanr y qun vke fjonrkeil fnetkbnetn glrbleks sjetêtjmks (prldnstëdnel, sjbjfkr k fk glrblek ekturkf prliumjik plr nf munrpl in fk buanr) ne nf lrdkejsbl ne uek ilsjs mlestketn y buy okak, nstks glrbleks nvjtke qun fls lvkrjls nxpufsne fls ývufls kinbës in mkuskr mkbojls ne fk pkrni utnrjek y ne nf blml mnrvjmkf.
i. Nspnrbjm Nspnrbjmjiks jiks Fls nspnrbjmjiks sn mfksjhjmke mlbl bêtlils in okrrnrk quâbjmk. Nxjstne ne nf bnrmkil ne hlrbk in mrnbks, dnfns y ývufls vkdjekfns. Yjnene uek ilofn kmmjýe, plr ue fkil nf jedrnijnetn kmtjvl l kdnetn nspnrbjmjik jeblvjfjzk l bktk k fls nspnrbktlzljins, y plr nf ltrl, fk nbufsjýe qun mletjnen fk sustkemjk kmtjvk hlrbk uek okrrnrk qun oflqunk fk kpnrturk inf mêrvjx. Inone snr sjnbprn utjfjzkils ne mlbojekmjýe mle ltrls bêtlils ketjmlemnptjvls, yk qun plr sâ slfls tjnene buy plmk nhjmkmjk.
M. Bêtlils qujrñrdj qujrñrdjmls mls k. Fjdkiurk in trlbpks Ns uek jetnrvnemjýe qujrñrdjmk qun sn rnkfjzk ne fk buanr, mle kenstnsjk dnenrkf. Mlesjstn ne snmmjlekr l oflqunkr fks trlbpks in Hkflpjl (mle mfjps, kejffks l nfnmtrlmlkdufkmjýe), nstl jbpjin nf rnmlrrjil inf ývufl plr fk trlbpk ne ijrnmmjýe kf ñtnrl y plr tketl fk hnmueikmjýe. Ns pnrbkenetn n jrrnvnrsjofn.
o. Xksnmtlbâk Ns uek jetnrvnemjýe qujrñrdjmk qun sn prkmtjmk ne nf vkrýe mle kenstnsjk flmkf. Mlesjstn ne mlrtkr l pjezkr fls mleiumtls inhnrnetns mle nf hje in qun nf snbne nykmufkil el mletnedk nspnrbktlzljins. nspnrbktlzljins.
I. Bêtlils ekturkfn ekturkfnss _nqujnrne ue drke mlelmjbjnetl in fk hjsjlfldâk hnbnejek. ]n inon nstkr ojne jehlrbkil/k y kostnenrsn in tnenr rnfkmjlens snxukfns ne fls iâks hêrtjfns.
k. Ldjel ]n mkfmufk ne oksn kf mlelmjbjnetl inf iâk in fk lvufkmjýe. Mlbl nf ývufl vjvn ;? glrks y fls nspnrbktlzljins netrn 97 y 4? glrks ne nf ñtnrl, gky qun nvjtkr nf mljtl iurketn fls > iâks prnvjls k fk lvufkmjýe y nf iâk sjdujnetn k fk bjsbk.
nijtlrjkf } mnp
o. Ynbpnrkturk mlrplrkf • Mlemnptl Mlesjstn ne mkfmufkr nf blbnetl in fk lvufkmjýe k trkvês inf kubnetl in fk tnbpnrkturk qun sn prliumn inspuês in êstk (fk tnbpnrkturk okskf kubnetk in 3,=± k 3,>± mnetâdrkils). Nstn
bêtlil trktk in kvnrjdukr fls iâks hêrtjfns pkrk kostnenrsn in rnkfjzkr ue mljtl iurketn fls bjsbls.
• Jemlevnejnetns Mukfqujnr tnesjýe enrvjlsk l rnshrjkil punin prliumjr kftnrkmjlens ne fk tnbpnrkturk. Mleijmjlek fk snxukfjiki. Ns jemýblil kf tnenr qun tlbkr fk tnbpnrkturk tlils fls iâks. Ns plml hjkofn. Nxjstn fk plsjojfjiki in lvufkmjlens ne blbnetls in tnesjýe nblmjlekf.
m. Bêtlil inf blml mnrvjmkf l Ojffjed • Mlemnptl ]n oksk ne mkfmufkr nf blbnetl in fk lvufkmjýe plr bnijl in fk vjsukfjzkmjýe in fk bumlsjiki vkdjekf, qun suhrn mkbojls mlbl mlesnmunemjk in fk kmtjvjiki glrblekf iurketn nf mjmfl bnestrukf.
• Jemlevnejnetns Ns ue bêtlil plml sndurl sje fk pkrtjmjpkmjýe inf nspnmjkfjstk. El inone utjfjzkrsn prnsnrvktjvls, ijkhrkdbks, nspnrbjmjiks, IJ^ l pâfilrk, puns tlils nffls prliumne kftnrkmjlens ne nf blml mnrvjmkf. Nf nstrês punin rntrkskr fk lvufkmjýe. Kfduels bnijmkbnetls mlbl trkequjfjzketns, glrbleks, ketjgjstkbâejmls y ketjojýtjmls tkbojêe punine prliumjr kftnrkmjlens ne nf bjsbl.
i. Fkmtkemjk prlfledkik Iurketn fk bjsbk sn prliumne lvufkmjlens y, plr tketl, ns ue pnrâlil hêrtjf ne fk buanr.
n. Fkvkils vkdjekfns Fls fkvkils inspuês in ue mljtl el sjrvne pkrk ekik, puns fls nspnrbktlzljins ffndke rëpjikbnetn kf munffl inf ñtnrl.
h. Mljtl jetnrrubp jetnrrubpjil jil (Mljtus Jetnrruptus) Mlesjstn ne rntjrkr nf pnen austl ketns in fk nykmufkmjýe. Nstn bêtlil mleffnvk vkrjls jemlevnejnetns1 nxjdn ue drke mletrlf plr pkrtn inf vkrýe, punin gkonr nbokrkzl plr mletnenr nspnrbktlzljins nf fâqujil prnsnbjekf y, mle nf tjnbpl, punin prliumjr trkstlrels snxukfns. snxukfns.
N. Eunvks hýrbufks mletrkmnptjv mletrkmnptjvks ks Fk kpkrjmjýe in eunvks hýrbufks pnrbjtn qun nf bêijml hkmjfjtn ue trktkbjnetl pnrslekfjzkil k mkik buanr, ne huemjýe in sus enmnsjikins y su blil in vjik, fl qun nvjtk hkffls ne nf bêtlil nfndjil. Nstls sle fls qun gky ijsplejofns ne fk f k kmtukfjiki1
nijtlrjkf } mnp
k. Eunvks pâfilrks Nf bêtlil qun pnrbjtjý fk rnvlfumjýe snxukf gk mkbojkil bumgl ne fks ñftjbks iêmkiks, plrqun sn gke rniumjil fks ilsjs in nstrýdnels y sn utjfjzke eunvls dnstëdnels in sâetnsjs, mlbl fk irlspnrjelek, bumgl bës nhjmkmns. ]jdun sjneil nf bës nfndjil plr fks buanrns qun ousmke uek prltnmmjýe kinmukik hrnetn k fls nbokrkzls el insnkils.
o. Kejffl vkdjekf y fls pkrmgns ]us ilsjs in glrbleks sle bës okaks plrqun el tjnene qun pkskr plr nf nstýbkdl pkrk pkskr k fk skedrn y kinbës sle bës mýblils in utjfjzkr. Slr nsl nstls eunvls bêtlils mletrkmnptjvls glrblekfns mlbojekils sle uek lpmjýe buy jetnrnsketn je tnrnsketn qun tkbojêe gky qun tnenr ne munetk.
m. Bjejpâfil Bjejpâfilrk rk Snrtnenmn kf drupl in fls mletrkmnptjvls glrblekfns dnstkdêejmls. dnstkdêejmls. Fk buanr tjnen qun jednrjr ijkrjkbnetn uek pnqunûk ilsjs in dnstëdnel, pnrl ns buy jbplrtketn qun fl gkdk sjnbprn k fk bjsbk glrk, yk qun sj vkrâk su tlbk bës in ils l trns glrks su nhnmtjvjiki mletrkmnptjvk ijsbjeuyn.
i. Jbpfketn suoiêrbjml ]n trktk in uek vkrjffk qun mletjnen ue dnstëdnel y qun ue bêijml mlflmk inokal in fk pjnf inf ketnorkzl. Ksâ, fk glrblek sn vk fjonrkil in uek hlrbk mletjeukik iurketn fls trns kûls qun iurk nf trktkbjnetl.
n. IJ^ glrblekf Yjnen hlrbk in ‗Y‚, jdukf qun mukfqujnr ltrl pnqunûl ijsplsjtjvl jetrkutnrjel, pnrl kinbës mletjnen uek glrblek, nf fnvlelrdnstrnf. ]u mkpkmjiki ketjmlemnptjvk ns in mjeml kûls. Ns uek lpmjýe tnrkpêutjmk buy jetnrnsketn pkrk fks buanrns qun tjnene skedrkils bnestrukfns koueiketns, pnrl el pkinmne uek pktlfldâk lrdëejmk qun fls mkusn. Nstn prlofnbk qun pkinmne bumgks buanrns, tjnen nhnmtls buy endktjvls ne su mkfjiki in vjik y punin rnqunrjr kmtukmjlens bës kdrnsjvks, mlbl fndrkils l nxtjrpkmjýe inf ñtnrl.
H. Ketjmlemnpmjýe Ketjmlemnpm jýe in nbnrdne nbnrdnemjk mjk Fk pâfilrk inf iâk inspuês. Ne mjnrtls mksls, pkrk nvjtkr ue nbokrkzl inspuês in ue slfl kmtl snxukf sje prltnmmjýe sn kibjejstrk ue ketjmlemnptjvl lrkf in ilsjs kftk, pnrl nstls hërbkmls el sle sjnbprn nhnmtjvls. Inone tlbkrsn ketns in 4? glrks. Fls nhnmtls snmueikrjls jemfuyne eëusnks y výbjtls.
Nsqunbk ;?
^EJIKIN] IN KSLZL NE KYNEMJ KYNEMJÝE ÝE S_JBK_JK S_JBK_ JK Dnenrkfjikins Fks ^ejikins in kplyl kmtñke mlbl nqujpls jetnrijsmjpfjekrjls y inone mllrijekrsn kinmukikbnetn mle fls rnmursls slmjkfns in su ëbojtl, prnstëeilfns ksnslrkbjnetl y kplyl mukeil prlmnik. ]u ëbojtl tnrrjtlrjkf in kmtukmjýe supnrk fk zlek oësjmk in skfui y kmtñke in hlrbk jetndrkik y mllrijekik mle fls rnmursls nspnmjkfjzkils inf inpkrtkbnetl ne nf ëbojtl mlrrnspleijnetn k mkik nspnmjkfjiki.
_ndufkmjýe in fk fjorn nfnmmjýe ne nf ëbojtl skejtkrjl in fk Mlbuejiki Xkfnemjkek Ksjdekmjýe in rnmursls ksjstnemjkfns Nanrmjmjl in fk fjorn nfnmmjýe
]KF^I BNEYKF Dnenrkfjikins Fk skfui bnetkf ns bumgl bës qun fk kusnemjk in trkstlrel bnetkf. Mukeil gkofkbls in hnfjmjiki, trkequjfjiki, dlmn l sktjshkmmjýe, mksj sjnbprn els nstkbls rnhjrjneil k fk skfui bnetkf
Mlemnptl in skfui bnetkf Fk skfui bnetkf sunfn snr inhjejik mlbl nf nstkil in nqujfjorjl netrn uek pnrslek y su netlrel slmjl-mufturkf. Nstn nstkil dkrketjzk kf jeijvjiul su pkrtjmjpkmjýe fkolrkf, jetnfnmtukf y slmjkf pkrk kfmkezkr ue ojnenstkr y mkfjiki in vjik
^ejikins in glspjtkfjzkmjýe ne pkmjnetns in skfui bnetkf Fks uejikins in glspjtkfjzkmjýe in pkmjnetns in skfui bnetkf, jetndrkiks ne glspjtkfns dnenrkfns, nstëe instjekiks kf jedrnsl in kqunffls pkmjnetns mle kftnrkmjlens psjqujëtrjmks qun rnqujnrne trktkbjnetl ne rêdjbne in glspjtkfjzkmjýe
Yjpls in jetnrekbjnetls ne pkmjnetns in skfui bnetkf Nf jetnrekbjnetl mlbl uek bnijik nxmnpmjlekf ^ejiki in bnijk y fkrdk nstkemjk ^ejikins jetnrbnijks Mrjtnrjls in Jedrnsl Mrjtnrjls in Nxmfusjýe ^ejiki in fkrdk nstkemjk
Huemjlens inf pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk Huemjýe ksjstnemjkf Jetnrvnemjýe ne mrjsjs ^ek vnz jedrnskil Huemjýe ilmnetn Huemjýe jevnstjdkil jevnstjdkilrk rk Huemjýe kibjejstrktjvk
_nfkmjýe pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk-pkm nehnrbnrâk-pkmjnetn jnetn Fks rnfkmjlens jetnrpnrslekfns sle uek gkojfjiki nspnmjkfjzkik qun utjfjzk nf pnrslekf in nehnrbnrâk pkrk trktkr k fls nehnrbls in skfui bnetkf
^ejikins in skfui bnetke jehketl-auvnejf Srnvnemjýe Srjbkrjk Srnvnemjýe ]nmueikrjk Srnvnemjýe tnrmjkrjk
^rdnemjks psjqujëtrjmks K. ^rdnemjks qun enmsjtke uek nvkfukmjýe bêijmk dnenrkf
^rdnemjks qun enmnsjke glspjtkfjzkmjýe u ltrl kplyl jestjtumjlekf ^rdnemjks qun enmnsjtke ue jetnrvnemjýe hkrbkmlfýdjmk bâejbk ^rdnemjks qun enmnsjtke ue trktkbjnetl hkrbkmlfýdjml hkrbkmlfýdjml bkylr Mlesjinrkmjlens Mlesjinrkmjle ns fndkfns Kolrikan y bnijiks in sndurjiki Mletnemjýe vnrokf Mletnemjýe bnmëejmk Mletnemjýe hkrbkmlfýdjmk
MLEI^MYK] KIJMYJXK] Dnenrkfjikins ]jnbprn sn gk ikil fk tneinemjk in ijstjedujr netrn fks irldks jestjtumjlekfjzkiks (tkokml y kfmlglf) y fks el jestjtumjlekfjzkiks. Fks irldks el jestjtumjlekfjzkiks bunvne drkeins mketjikins in ijenrl ne nf bnrmkil endrl, pnrl fks jestjtumjlekfjzkiks bunvne mketjikins in ijenrl kñe bkylrns, y ne fk nmlelbâk in fls pkâsns sle hueikbnetkfns, tjnene ue drke pnsl inetrl in fk nmlelbâk, plr fl qun mlestjtuyne ue drupl in prnsjýe nelrbn
Mlemnptls Kijmmjýe ns fk kmtjvjiki mlbpufsjvk y fk jbpfjmkmjýe nxmnsjvk ne uek kmtjvjiki nspnmâhjmk. Sunin snr nf aundl l punin rnhnrjrsn kf usl in mksj mukfqujnr sustkemjk, mlbl uek irldk. Sunin mkuskr inpneinemjk psjmlfýdjmk l ojne inpneinemjk psjmlfýdjmk y hâsjmk.
Irldks Mlemnptl Mfksjhjmkmjýe ^sl. Kousl y Inpneinemjk ^sl Kousl Inpneinemjk Slfjmlesubl
^ejikins in Ktnemjýe k fks Irldlinpneinemjks (^KI) Nstks uejikins, mlelmjiks mlbl ^KI, sle nf prjbnr fudkr kf qun gky qun ijrjdjrsn pkrk jejmjkr ue trktkbjnetl ]le mnetrls l snrvjmjls in trktkbjnetl kboufktlrjl in fls trkstlrels kijmtjvls, qun inskrrlffke kmtjvjikins ksjstnemjkfns in insjetlxjmkmjýe y insgkojtukmjýe
]KF^I ]NW^KF Z _NS_LI^MYJXK Srnvnemjýe inf mëemnr in bkbk Yjpls in ^ejikins Huemjlens in fls ejvnfns ksjstnemjkfns Huemjlens in fk Kt. Srjbkrjk Huemjlens in fk Kt. Nspnmjkfjzkik Huemjlens in ]kfui Sñofjmk
Ktnemjýe kf mfjbktnrjl Sfke in prnvnemjýe y mletrlf in lstnlplrlsjs Loantjvls dnenrkfns1 Loantjvls nspnmâhjmls
]KF^ I BNEY ]KF^I BNE YKF. SK SKYLFLDÂK] BË] S_NX S_ NXKFNE KFNEYN]1 YN]1 N][^JQLH_NE N][^ JQLH_NEJK, JK, INS_N]JÝE Z Y_K]YL_EL] IN KE]JNIKI KE ]JNIKI Ssjmlpktlfldâk Inhjejmjýe in psjqujktrâk y psjmlpktlfldâk Fk psjqujktrâk punin inhjejrsn mlbl kqunffk rkbk in fk bnijmjek qun tjnen plr loantl nf nstuijl, ijkdeýstjml, trktkbjnetl y prnvnemjýe in fks ffkbkiks nehnrbnikins bnetkfns, ksâ mlbl in mjnrtls trkstlrels in fk pnrslekfjiki y in fk mleiumtk0 sn lmupk, tkbojêe, in fls kspnmtls psjmlfýdjmls y psjqujëtrjmls in fls nehnrbls lrdëejmls, prjemjpkfbnetn mukeil su nehnrbniki sn bunstrk rnfkmjlekik mle intnrbjeketns slmjlpsjmlfýdjmls Ntjblfýdjmkbnetn, nf têrbjel Ssjmlpktlfldâk gkmn rnhnrnemjk k psjqun qun suhrn l qun nstë nehnrbk Mlemnptl y mrjtnrjls in elrbkfjiki Mlemnptl in kelrbkfjiki Mrjtnrjls in kelrbkfjiki Mrjtnrjls nstkiâstjmls Mrjtnrjls mfâejmls Mrjtnrjls slmjkfns l jetnrpnrslekfns Mrjtnrjls ojlfýdjmls
Nsqujzlhrnejk Npjinbjlfldâk Fk prnvkfnemjk in fk N[Q sn sjtñk netrn nf 3,> y ; % in fk plofkmjýe, ns fk bjsbk ne glborns qun ne buanrns. ]je nbokrdl, ijhjnrne ne nf jejmjl y mursl in fk nehnrbniki. Fk niki in jejmjl ns bnelr ne fls glborns (;>-?> kûls) qun ne fks buanrns (?>-=> kûls), y rkrkbnetn kpkrnmn ketns in fls ;3 y inspuês in fls >3 kûls. Yjnen uek nfnvkik tksk in blrtkfjiki (;3-;> %) Ntjlpktlfldâk Ynlrâks ojlfýdjmks Ynlrâks dneêtjmks Ynlrâks psjmlslmjkfns Ynlrâks psjmlkekfâtjmks Mkrkmtnrâstjmks Ijkdeýstjml Kuequn fk nsqujzlhrnejk nstë mlesjinrkik mlbl uek nehnrbniki, y pkrnmn mfkrl qun sn trktk in ue trkstlrel mnrnorkf, plr nf blbnetl el gky uek hlrbk loantjvk in ijkdelstjmkr uek nsqujzlhrnejk. Fk nsqujzlhrnejk sn ijkdelstjmk plr sus nhnmtls y plr nf mlbplrtkbjnetl inf pkmjnetn. K vnmns, pnrsleks qun gke mlesubjil irldks punine prnsnetkr nhnmtls pkrnmjils k fls psjmýtjmls, plr fl qun nf ijkdeýstjml rnqujnrn ue nstuijl prlfledkil in fls sâetlbks rnkfjzkil plr nspnmjkfjstks Mfksjhjmkmjýe Nsqujzlhrnejk pkrkeljin Nsqujzlhrnejk mktktýejmk Nsqujzlhrnejk gnonhrêejmk l inslrdkejzkik
Nsqujzlhrnejk jeijhnrnemjkik Nsqujzlhrnejk rnsjiukf
]jetlbktlfldâk ]âetlbks plsjtjvls (Nxmnsl l ijstlrsjýe in fks huemjlens elrbkfns) ]âetlbks endktjvls (Skrnmne rnhfnakr uek ijsbjeumjýe l pêrijik in fks huemjlens elrbkfns) Mursl in fk nsqujzlhrnejk Srleýstjml in fk Nsqujzlhrnejk Yrktkbjnetl Hkrbkmlfýdjml Ssjmltnrkpjk y rngkojfjtkmjýe psjmlslmjkf Ltrls trkstlrels psjmýtjmls Yrkstlrel nsqujzlkhnmtjvl Yrkstlrel nsqujzlhrnejhlrbn Yrkstlrel infjrketn l pkrkeljk Mlemnptl Yjpls Mkrkmtnrâstjmks ]jetlbktlfldâk Yrktkbjnetl Yrkstlrel psjmýtjml inojil k uek nehnrbniki bêijmk Yrkstlrel psjmýtjml jeiumjil plr sustkemjks Yrkstlrels psjmýtjmls kduils y trkesjtlrjls
Inprnsjýe Mlemnptl Ne su hlrbk in sâeirlbn jetndrkf, fk inprnsjýe mfâejmk sn bkejhjnstk mlbl trkstlrel inprnsjvl bkylr, mle uek nvlfumjýe npjsýijmk y drkils vkrjkofns in bkejhnstkmjlens rnsjiukfns netrn npjslijls ]n inhjen mlbl nf trkstlrel in fk khnmtjvjiki mkrkmtnrjzkil plr uek trjstnzk prlhueik n jebltjvkik, ijsbjeumjýe in fk kmtjvjiki hâsjmk y psâqujmk y pêrijik in jetnrês plr fks lmupkmjlens gkojtukfns Npjinbjlfldâk Ne nf ?3% in fks buanrns y nf ;?% in fls glborns sn ik k fl fkrdl in fk vjik kfdñe npjslijl in trkstlrel inf nstkil in ëejbl qun punin rnqunrjr ktnemjýe nspnmjkfjzkik. Ykfns mukirls mlestjtuyne ne su bkylrâk trkstlrels inprnsjvls bkylrns. Fk jemjinemjk in trkstlrel ojplfkr sn sjtñk netrn nf 9 y nf >%. Nf eñbnrl in buanrns khnmtkiks plr inprnsjýe ns nf ilofn qun nf in glborns, bjnetrks qun nf trkstlrel ojplfkr sn prnsnetk plr jdukf ne kbols snxls0 sje nbokrdl, fks f ks hlrbks inprnsjvks prnilbjeke ne fks buanrns y fks vkrjketns bkeâkmks ne fls glborns. Nf trkstlrel ojplfkr sunfn jejmjkrsn gkmjk fls ?3 l =3 kûls0 fls trkstlrels uejplfkrns fl gkmne plr têrbjel bnijl netrn fls ?3 y fls 93 kûls. Fk pnrtnenemjk kf snxl hnbnejel ns nf prjemjpkf rjnsdl inbldrëhjml pkrk fk inprnsjýe. Nf trkstlrel ojplfkr ns kfdl bës hrnmunetn ne fks mfksns slmjlnmleýbjmkbnetn bës kftks. Fls hkmtlrns mufturkfns pkrnmne blijhjmkr fks bkejhnstkmjlens mfâejmks in fls trkstlrels inf nstkil in ëejbl
Ntjlfldâk Yrkstlrels prjbkrjls inf nstkil in ëejbl Sêrijik in uel in fls prldnejtlrns iurketn fk jehkemjk Hkmtlrns in nstrês Snrslekfjiki ]nxl _jnsdl in ]ujmjijl Ijkdeýstjml H=? Npjslijls inprnsjvls H=?.3 Npjslijl inprnsjvl fnvn H=?.; Npjslijl inprnsjvl blinrkil H=?.? Npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn sje sâetlbks psjmýtjmls H=?.= Npjslijl inprnsjvl drkvn mle sâetlbks psjmýtjmls H=?.7 Ltrls npjslijls inprnsjvls H=?.: Npjslijl inprnsjvl sje nspnmjhjmkmjýe ]âetlbks, sjdels y ijkdeýstjml Nf nstkil in ëejbl tâpjml ns inprjbjil, jrrjtkofn y/l kesjlsl. Nf pkmjnetn punin blstrkr ue kspnmtl pktêtjml, mle nf mnûl hruemjil, fks mlbjsurks in fls fkojls gkmjk kokal, plsturk kfjmkâik, nvjtkeil bjrkr k fls lals y gkofkeil mle blelsâfkols l mkffkil. Nf nstkil n stkil in ëejbl nehnrbjzl sn kmlbpkûk in prnlmupkmjlens mle mufpk, jinks in kutlinejdrkmjýe, kutlinej drkmjýe, ijsbjeumjýe in fk mkpkmjiki pkrk mlemnetrkrsn, jeinmjsjýe, pêrijik in jetnrês plr fks kmtjvjikins gkojtukfns, rntrkjbjnetl slmjkf, insnspnrkezk, insnspnrkmjýe y pneskbjnetls rnmurrnetns in bunrtn y sujmjijl0 tkbojêe sle hrnmunetns fks kftnrkmjlens inf sunûl Yrktkbjnetl Srjemjpjls dnenrkfns Ketjinprnsjvls Skutks inf trktkbjnetl ketjinprnsjvl ne ijstjetls tjpls in inprnsjýe Inprnsjýe rnhrkmtkrjk Glspjtkfjzkmjýe Yrktkbjnetl in bketnejbjnetl Ijstjbjk Inhjejmjýe Npjinbjlfldâk Ntjlfldâk Hkmtlrns ojlfýdjmls Hkmtlrns Ssjmlslmjkfns Ijkdeýstjml ]jetlbktlfldâk Mursl y prleýstjml Yrktkbjnetl
Yrkstlrels in kesjniki Mlemnptl Fk kesjniki ns ue hneýbnel psjmlfýdjml qun sn nxprnsk tkbojêe ne hlrbk in sâetlbks hâsjmls, y quê nf suantl punin vjvnemjkr in hlrbk kbnekzketn ]jstnbk mldejtjvl inf nstkil in fk kesjniki ]n rnhjnrne k pneskbjnetls, jinks l jbëdnens in mkrëmtnr suoantjvl, ksâ mlbl k su jehfunemjk slorn fks huemjlens supnrjlrns ]âetlbks hjsjlfýdjmls inf nstkil in kesjniki Npjinbjlfldâk y mfksjhjmkmjýe Npjinbjlfldâk Mfksjhjmkmjýe Yjplfldâk Mrjsjs in kedustjk Kdlrkhlojk Ktkqun in Sëejml Hlojk nspnmâhjmk Hlojk slmjkf Yrkstlrel Losnsjvl-Mlbpufsjvl (YLM) Yrkstlrel plr Nstrês Slstrkubëtjml Yrkstlrel in Kesjniki Dnenrkfjzkik Nvkfukmjýe in fk kesjniki Nsmkfks in bnijmjýe l munstjlekrjls ne fk nvkfukmjýe in kesjniki Bnijiks in Kutljehlrbn Losnrvkmjýe _ndjstrl Ssjmlhjsjlfýdjml Yêmejmks in rniummjýe in fk kesjniki Yêmejmks hjsjlfýdjmks _nfkakmjýe Busmufkr Srldrnsjvk in Akmlosle ;:?: Netrnekbjnetl Kutýdnel (]MG^FYQ) Mletrlf in fk rnspjrkmjýe Ojlhhniokm` Insnesjojfjzkmjýe ]jstnbëtjmk Yêmejmks in nxplsjmjýe Inhjejmjýe Blikfjikins in nxplsjmjýe
BÊYLIL] KEYJMLEMNSYJXL] Jetrliummjýe Mfksjhjmkmjýe in fls bêtlils ketjmlemnpt ketjmlemnptjvls jvls Bêtlils bnmëejmls l in okrrnrk Srnsnrvktjvl bksmufjel l mleiýe Srnsnrvktjvl hnbnejel Ijkhrkdbk Ijsplsjtjvl jetrkutnrjel (IJ^) Bêtlils quâbjmls y glrblekfns Sâfilrk ketjmlemnptjvk Jeynmmjýe glrblekf Jbpfketn glrblekf Nspnrbjmjiks Bêtlils qujrñrdjmls Fjdkiurk in trlbpks Xksnmtlbâk Bêtlils ekturkfns Ldjel Ynbpnrkturk mlrplrkf Bêtlil inf blml mnrvjmkf l Ojffjed Fkmtkemjk prlfledkik Fkvkils vkdjekfns Mljtl jetnrrubpjil (Mljtus Jetnrruptus) Eunvks hýrbufks mletrkmnptjvks Eunvks pâfilrks Kejffl vkdjekf y fls pkrmgns Bjejpâfilrk Jbpfketn suoiêrbjml IJ^ glrblekf Ketjmlemnpmjýe Ketjmlemnpmjý e in nbnrdnemjk
