[GAD ? I`in`cordfád
Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk. sd nuk. Lcmlgptc. Lcmlgptc. Äai`tcs kg dltudl`üm. Agtckcncoád g `mvgst`odl`üm Idrr`ods. „Xs`lcncoád kgn orupc y ldai`c scl`dn‑. Idrlgncmd2 Ecrd, 405< Idyàs \cpgmd, Y.2 Kgslr`pl`üm kgn pgrf`n ps`lcnüo`lc kgn lu`kdkcr, y nd `apcrtdml`d kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d y gn scpcrtg gacl`cmdn. @V Lcmorgsc Mdl`cmdn kg Ecsp`tdn`zdl`üm Kca`l`n`dr`d. Vdngml`d. Ldbd Nüpgz, L., Gmfgragrád Lcaum`tdr`d @@@. Gk. Adsscm 988; Lcmtgn, B.L.: Ogmà, B.: Xgyd, A.2 Dtgml`üm kca`l`n`dr`d. Crodm`zdl`üm y prält`ld. Gk. \pr`mogr. Lcstd A., Nüpgz, G., \dnuk Lcaum`tdr`d. Idrlgncmd. Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk. Yglurscs pdrd gkuldkcrgs. www.xtgl.gs Fráds Csumd, D2 „Gmfgragrád lcaum`tdr`d‑. Adsscm, Idrlgncmd, 9.888 Fráds Csumd, D2 „\dnuk pòin`ld y gkuldl`üm pdrd d sdnuk‑. Adsscm, Idrlgncmd, 9.888 @snd, X.2 Gn DIL kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d dn pdl`gmtg. Ygv. Ycn kg Gmfgragrád, Vcn. 99, m. 49, p. 57;- 576. 4000 Nüpgz \dmtcs, V2 „Adrlc lcmlgptudn kg gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk‑, gm Fráds Csumd, D „\dnuk pòin`ld y gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk‑. Adsscm, Idrlgncmd, 9888 Agtckcncoád kg nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk `mk`v`kudn y orupdn. Oci`grmc kg Mdvdrrd. www.lfmdvdrrd.gs CA\ (405?), Gn dogmtg kg sdnuk lcaum`tdr`c, Ouád kg trdidbc: Xdutds pdrd nd ldpdl`tdl`üm: Xdutds pdrd dkdptdr nd Ouád, Crodm`zdl`üm Aumk`dn kg nd \dnuk, O`mgird X`àkrcnd O. gt dn. Agk`l`md Xrgvgmt`vd y \dnuk Xòin`ld. Adsscm-\dnvdt Agk`l`md. Idrlgncmd 4009. Yglurscs pdrd nd prcacl`üm kg nd sdnuk. www.ln`m`ldadyc-rds.lca \grrdmc Ocmzängz, @., „Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk y nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm lcaum`tdr`d‑. Kádz kg \dmtcs. Adkr`k, 4008. \`ngs Ycaäm, K. Ldpátunc ;9. Xdrt`l`pdl`üm lcaum`tdr`d. Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk y sdnuk pòin`ld. @LGX\\
Cibgt`vcs
\digr gm quà lcms`stg nd gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk y luängs scm nds pr`ml`pdngs tàlm`lds dpn`ldings Gstuk`dr nds agk`kds kg fcagmtc kgn dutclu`kdkc y prcacl`üm kg nd sdnuk Lcmclgr lüac sg gndicrdm ncs prcordads kg gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk Lcmclgr ncs orupcs kg dutcdyukd, su kgf`m`l`üm y cibgt`vcs
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
4. GKWLDL@ GKW LDL@ÜM ÜM XDY XDYD D ND \DNW \DNWK.LCMLGX[ K.LCMLGX[C C 4.4 @mtrckull`üm Nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk (GX\) ed s`kc lcms`kgrdkd lcac umc kg ncs ldapcs ldapcs kg `mmcvdl`üm kg nd Ygfcrad Gkuldt`vd gm lursc gm Gspdôd, y lcird ldkd vgz adycr `apcrtdml`d lcac ärgd kg trdidbc pgkdoüo`lc gm nd gkuldl`üm rgondkd y gm nd gkuldl`üm scl`dn (mc rgondkd). \`m gaidroc, nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk (GX\) gs umd prält`ld dmt`oud, dumqug ed vdr`dkc sustdml`dnagmtg gm ludmtc d su gmfcqug `kgcnüo`lc y agtckcnüo`lc lcac lcmsglugml`d kg ncs ldai`cs pdrdk`oaät`lcs gm rgndl`üm d nd sdnuk2 Kg um lcmlgptc kg sdnuk lcac mc gmfgragkdk edl`d ctrc aäs oncidn, qug lcms`kgrd nd sdnuk lcac nd oncidn`kdk k`mäa`ld kg i`gmgstdr fás`lc, psáqu`lc y scl`dn. Gn pdsc kgn lcmlgptc mgodt`vc kg nd sdnuk d umd v`s`üm pcs`t`vd ed lcmkul`kc lcmkul`kc d um acv`a`gmtc `kgcnüo`lc, sgoòm gn ludn, nds dll`cmgs kgigm `r k`r`o`kds d fcagmtdr gst`ncs kg v`kd sdmcs, frgmtg dn gmfcqug prgvgmt`vc qug ediád prgvdngl`kc edstd gmtcmlgs. Xdrdngndagmtg, sg ed prckul`kc um ldai`c tgra`mcnüo`lc2 tgra`mcnüo`lc2 kg nd trdk`l`cmdn kgmca`mdl`üm kg Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d d nd dltudn Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk (GX\).
Dsá pugs, nd GX\, qug t`gmg lcac cibgtc agbcrdr nd sdnuk kg nds pgrscmds, pugkg lcms`kgrdrsg kgskg kcs pgrspglt`vds2 - Xrgvgmt`vd - Kg prcacl`üm kg nd sdnuk Kgskg gn pumtc kg v`std prgvgmt`vc, ldpdl`tdmkc d nds pgrscmds pdrd gv`tdr ncs prcingads kg sdnuk agk`dmtg gn prcp`c lcmtrcn kg nds s`tudl`cmgs kg r`gsoc, c i`gm, gv`tdmkc sus pcs`ings lcmsglugml`ds. Kgskg umd pgrspglt`vd kg prcacl`üm kg nd sdnuk, ldpdl`tdmkc d nd pcindl`üm pdrd qug pugkd dkcptdr fcrads kg v`kd sdnukdings. Gstd rgvcnul`üm `kgcnüo`ld ed nngvdkc, lcac lcmsglugml`d, d nd gvcnul`üm gm ncs lr`tgr`cs scirg ncs qug sg sustgmtd gn lcmlgptc kg GX\.
4.9 Gvcnul`üm e`stür`ld Kurdmtg aulec t`gapc gn tàra`mc Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d ed s`kc gmtgmk`kc lcac nd lcaum`ldl`üm gxlnus`vd gm sünc kcs k`rgll`cmgs, gstc gs, edl`d dfugrd y edl`d didbc, kg lcmcl`a`gmtcs sdm`tdr`cs d pgrscmds qug supugstdagmtg tgmádm n`a`tdkcs lcmcl`a`gmtcs scirg tgads rgndl`cmdkcs lcm nd sdnuk. Xcr nc tdmtc ncs òm`lcs prcfgs`cmdngs ldpdl`tdkcs pdrd gstdinglgr tdmtc nds mglgs`kdkgs lcac nds pr`cr`kdkgs \dnuk edm s`kc trdk`l`cmdnagmtg ncs prcfgs`cmdngs sdm`tdr`cs. \`m gaidroc, ordl`ds d nd mugvd fcrad `mtgordkcrd kg gmtgmkgr gstcs prcingads, edm lcagmzdkc d tgmgrsg gm lugmtd pcr um ndkc nds mglgs`kdkgs y pcr ctrc nd kgadmkd kg nd pcindl`üm. P pdrd nngvdr d ldic gstd mugvd fcrad kg trdtdr nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d sg lugmtd tdai`àm lcm ncs rglurscs y lcmcl`a`gmtcs kg nd pcindl`üm, dsá lcac sg ut`n`zd d ctrcs prcfgs`cmdngs, qug sg ed v`stc qug gstäm pngmdagmtg `apn`ldkcs tdai`àm gm nd sdnuk kgskg sus ärgds kg lcmcl`a`gmtc, lcac scm ncs ps`lüncocs, gkuldkcrgs, scl`üncocs, y um n droc gtlàtgrd.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
Dsá gm Dtgml`üm Xr`adr`d kg \dnuk, nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d sg lcmv`grtg gm um `mstruagmtc qug s`rvg: tdmtc d ncs prcfgs`cmdngs lcac d nd pcindl`üm, pdrd lcmsgou`r kg àstd nd ldpdl`kdk kg lcmtrcndr, agbcrdr y tcadr kgl`s`cmgs lcm rgspgltc d su prcp`d sdnuk c gmfgragkdk. Kgskg gn adrlc kg Xrcacl`üm kg nd \dnuk, gm gn qug sg gmludkrd nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d lcac um gngagmtc lndvg (Ldrtd kg Ctdwd pdrd nd Xrcacl`üm kg nd \dnuk kg 4056) àstd sgrád umd fcrad lcmlrgtd kg trdidbc cr`gmtdkd edl`d nd dkqu`s`l`üm, pcr pdrtg kg nd pcindl`üm, kg lcmcl`a`gmtcs y edi`n`kdkgs pdrd `mtgrvgm`r gm nds kgl`s`cmgs qug tgmodm gfgltcs scirg nd \dnuk. Nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d, lcac egrrda`gmtd kg nd Xrcacl`üm kg nd \dnuk, tgmkrä qug clupdrsg dkgaäs kg lrgdr ldai`cs kg lcmkultd c gst`ncs kg v`kd sdnukdings, pdrd qug nd ogmtg lcmczld y dmdn`lg nds ldusds scl`dngs, glcmüa`lds y dai`gmtdngs qug `mfnuygm gm nd sdnuk kg nd lcaum`kdk. Nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d lcac prclgsc kg lcaum`ldl`üm `mtgrpgrscmdn, sg k`r`og d prcpcrl`cmdr nds `mfcradl`cmgs mglgsdr`ds pdrd pckgr rgdn`zdr um dmän`s`s lrát`lc kg ncs prcingads rgndl`cmdkcs lcm nd sdnuk y su pàrk`kd, rgspcmsdi`n`zdmkc d ncs `mk`v`kucs y d ncs orupcs scl`dngs gm nds kgl`s`cmgs kg lcapcrtda`gmtc qug t`gmgm gfgltcs k`rgltcs c `mk`rgltcs scirg nd sdnuk fás`ld y psáqu`ld, c `mk`v`kudn y lcnglt`vd. Gm nc qug sg rgf`grg dn luapn`a`gmtc kg ncs pndmgs qug prcpcmg nd Crodm`zdl`üm Aumk`dn kg nd \dnuk gm su kglndrdl`üm kg Dnad-Dtd, rgfgr`kcs d nd Xrgvgml`üm kg nd Gmfgragkdk y d nd Xrcacl`üm kg nd \dnuk, nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d kgsgapgôd um pdpgn suadagmtg `apcrtdmtg, y nd `mlcrpcrd lcac umd dlt`v`kdk mc k`fgrgml`dkd, s`mc um `mstruagmtc aäs gm gn trdidbc kg ncs Xrcfgs`cmdngs kg nd \dnuk, umd pdrtg `mk`v`s`ing kg nd rgndl`üm gmtrg gn usudr`c y gn sdm`tdr`c. Dn sgr nd Dtgml`üm Xr`adr`d gn pr`agr lcmtdltc kgn `mk`v`kuc lcm gn \`stgad kg \dnuk, sgrä pr`cr`tdr`c dicrkdr nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d kgskg gstg m`vgn, scirg tckc nd k`r`o`kd d nd pcindl`üm sdmd.
4.< Lcmlgptc kg gkuldl`üm Xumtc kg v`std gt`acnüo`lc2 nd pdndird Gkuldr prcv`gmg, fcmàt`ld y acrfcnüo`ldagmtg, kg „GKWLDYG‑ (LCMKWL@Y, OW@DY, CY@GM[DY). \gaämt`ldagmtg rglcog tdai`àm gn sgmt`kc kg „GKWLGYG‑ (Edlgr sdn`r gxtrdgr, kdr d nuz). Gstc ed lcmkul`kc, d nc ndroc kg nd e`stcr`d, d nd lcgx`stgml`d kg kcs ackgncs lcmlgptudngs iäs`lcs kgmtrc kgn ldapc kg nd gkuldl`üm2 um ackgnc k`rglt`vc c kg `mtgrvgml`üm, y um ackgnc kg gxtrdll`üm c kgsdrrcnnc, rgfgr`kc d nd vgrs`üm „gkulgrg‑. - Kgmtrc kgn ackgnc kg gkuldl`üm trdk`l`cmdn c fcradn, nd gkuldl`üm gs gs s`apngagmtg um prclgsc prclgsc kg scl`dn`zdl`üm, yd qug nc qug rgdnagmtg sg prgtgmkg gs lcmsgou`r qug gn `mk`v `kuc dkqu`grd nd fdluntdk kg dltudr kg fcrad lcmorugmtg kgmtrc kgn agk`c scl`clunturdn dn qug pgrtgmglg. Xcr tdmtc gs umd fcrad kg dprgmk`zdbg scl`dn qug `apn`ld nd `mtgr`cr`zdl`üm kg nd lunturd ldrdltgrást`ld kg um ackgnc scl`dn kgtgra`mdkc. Gs um t`pc kg gkuldl`üm pds`vd y qug gm l`grtc ackc pgrs`oug um prckultc. Kd `apcrtdml`d d nds ngygs y tgcráds l`gmtáf`lds, trdmsa`tg prctct`pcs kg lcmkultds, y gmtrg sus cibgt`vcs kgstdld gn kg nd lcegs`üm scl`dn, pcm`gmkc náa`tgs d nds lcmkultds kgsv`dkds. - Gn ackgnc kg Gkuldl`üm @mtgrdlt`vd, c ackgnc kg gxtrdll`üm gxtrdll`üm c kgsdrrcnnc, sg idsd gm gn prclgsc gkuldkcr y su pr`ml`pdn f`mdn`kdk gs gn kgsdrrcnnc kgn Gkuldmkc, tcadmkc gm lcms`kgrdl`üm nd lunturd kgn dnuamc, su idodbg kg lrggml`ds y vdncrgs, y rgndl`cmdmkc su pdsdkc, su prgsgmtg y su futurc, gs kgl`r gn dnuamc lcac gn lcmlgptc kg pgrscmd `mtgordn.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
Gm gstg ackgnc, sg kd aäs `apcrtdml`d d nd fcrad kg dprgmkgr qug d ncs lcmtgm`kcs lcmtgm`kcs kgn dprgmk`zdbg, y pcr tdmtc gn pdpgn kgn dnuamc gs dlt`vc, yd qug àn gs gn kgsluir`kcr, a`gmtrds qug gn pdpgn kgn prcfgscr c gkuldkcr sg n`a`td d dlcapdôdrnc kurdmtg gn prclgsc kg dkqu`s`l`üm kg lcmcl`a`gmtcs.
Gm nd dltudn`kdk, nd gkuldl`üm sg gmt`gmkg lcac um prclgsc qug t`gmg lcac cibgt`vc gn kgsdrrcnnc kg nd pgrscmd d trdvàs kg umd `mfnugml`d gxtgrmd. Xrckultc y prclgsc sg lcapngagmtdm, y daics fcradm pdrtg kg tckc gn prclgsc gkuldt`vc. Xcr tdmtc nd Gkuldl`üm gs k`rgll`üm (`mtgrvgml`üm) y kgsdrrcnnc (pgrfgll`cmda`gmtc). Gm gstd mugvd lcmlgpl`üm kg nd gkuldl`üm, gn gkuldmkc gs um gngagmtc dlt`vc kgn dprgmk`zdbg. Gn adgstrc c prcfgscr sgr`d gn lccrk`mdkcr kg tckd nd dll`üm gkuldt`vd, dltudmkc lcac um ouád dlt`vc kgn dprgmk`zdbg kgn dnuamc. Ncs lcmtgm`kcs kgn dprgmk`zdbg yd mc scm mcl`cmgs dldidkds c lcmcl`a`gmtcs ráo`kdagmtg k`fgrgml`dkcs g `mlcaum`ldkcs, s`mc qug scm pr`ml`p`cs ogmgrdngs, ldapcs kgn sdigr `mtgrrgndl`cmdkcs gm gstrulturds pdrd dfrcmtdr gn lcmcl`a`gmtc gm sus ldai`cs y gm su lrgl`a`gmtc. Gn cibgt`vc fumkdagmtdn gm nd mugvd lcmlgpl`üm kg nd gkuldl`üm gs gn kgsdrrcnnc `mtgordn kg nd pgrscmdn`kdk kgn gkuldmkc. P dkgaäs kg nd dkqu`s`l`üm kg edi`n`kdkgs, lcmcl`a`gmtcs y kgstrgzds, fumkdagmtdnagmtg sg pgrs`oug nd dkqu` s`l`üm kg dlt`tukgs.
4.; Lcmlgptc kg gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Gx`stgm muagrcsds kgf`m`l`cmgs kg Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d, y gm ogmgrdn, gm tckds gnnds ncs dspgltcs gkuldt`vcs edm gstdkc kgtgra`mdkcs pcr ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs qug scirg gn lugrpc y nd gmfgragkdk sg edm tgm`kc gm nds k`fgrgmtgs àpclds. Gm tckds nds kgf`m`l`cmgs sg gstdinglg lcac cibgt`vc lcaòm nd iòsqugkd kg nd „ack`f`ldl`üm kg ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs y ncs lcapcrtda`gmtcs kg ncs `mk`v`kucs lcapcmgmtgs kg nd Lcaum`kdk, gm sgmt`kc kg umd \dnuk Xcs`t`vd‑. Xcr tdmtc gn cibgt`vc f`mdn kg tckds nds kgf`m`l`cmgs kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d, pugkg kgl`rsg qug gs gn a`sac, y tdm sünc sg k`fgrgml`d gm nd fcrad kg lcmsgou`rnc y gm quà lcmkultds edy qug ack`f`ldr. Kgskg pr`ml`p`cs kgn s`onc UU edstd nd dltudn`kdk, pckgacs gstdinglgr kcs pgr`ckcs2 LNÄ\@LC y DL[WDN s`tuämkcsg nd frcmtgrd gmtrg daics gm nd kàldkd kg ncs sgtgmtd (\dnngrds, N. 4008).
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
D. Xgráckc lnäs`lc Kurdmtg gstg pgr`ckc sünc sg `mlnuádm dll`cmgs gmlda`mdkds d nd gkuldl`üm kgn `mk`v`kuc iusldmkc nd YG\XCM\DI@N@RDL@ÜM KG \W XYCX@D \DNWK, g `mtgmtdmkc pgrsudk`rng kg nd mglgs`kdk kg ack`f`ldr sus lcmkultds `msdmds, tgm`gmkc òm`ldagmtg lcac agtd gn fcagmtc y nd prctgll`üm kg nd \dnuk. - 4096. _CCK kgf`mg kgf`mg nd Gkuldl`üm Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk lcac lcac „nd suad kg gxpgr`gml`ds gxpgr`gml`ds qug `mfnuygm fdvcrdfdvcrdingagmtg scirg ncs eäi`tcs, dlt`tukgs y lcmcl`a`gmtcs rgndl`cmdkcs lcm nd sdnuk kgn `mk`v`kuc y kg nd lcaum`kdk‑. - 4066. JD\N y LCCI\, nd kgf`mgm lcac „ludnqu`gr dlt`v`kdk rgdn`zdkd pcr umd pgrscmd qug lrgg gstdr sdmd lcm gn prcpüs`tc kg prgvgm`r nd gmfgragkdk c kgtgltdrnd gm gstdk`c ds`mtcaät`lc‑. - 44060. Nd C.A.\. nd kgf`mg lcac „gn prclgsc qug sg `mtgrgsd `mtgrgsd pcr tckds dqugnnds gxpgr`gml`ds kg um `mk`v`kuc, orupc c lcaum`kdk qug `mfnugml`dm nds lrggml`ds, dlt`tukgs y lcapcrtda`gmtcs gm rgndl`üm d nd \dnuk, dsá lcac pcr ncs gsfugrzcs gsfugrzcs y prclgscs qug prckulgm prckulgm um ldai`c ludmkc àstg gs mglgsdr`c pdrd umd agbcr \dnuk‑. - 40?8. \GX@NN@ nd kgf`mg lcac „nd `mtgrvgml`üm scl`dn qug t`gmkg d ack`f`ldr lcmsl`gmtgagmtg y kgfcrad kurdkgrd ncs lcapcrtda`gmtcs rgndl`cmdkcs lcm nd \dnuk‑.
I. Xgráckc Xgráckc dltudn Gm gstg sgoumkc pgráckc sg kd um pdsc aäs dn @MLNW@Y, dkgaäs kg ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs y dlt`tukgs tdmtc `mk`v`kudngs lcac orupdngs ctrcs fdltcrgs lcac gn AGK@C DAI@GM[G \CL@DN kgn `mk`v`kuc qug pugkg `mfnu`r gm su prcp`d lcmkultd. Edy dutcrgs qug yd edindm kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d mc scndagmtg pdrd gn subgtc sdmc, s`mc dkgaäs k`r`o`kd dn subgtc gmfgrac, lugst`üm gstd qug sg ed gapgzdkc d kgsdrrcnndr gm ncs dôcs 58 y qug dltudnagmtg lcmt`mòd gm gstuk`c y kgsdrrcnnc. (\dnngrds \dmadrtá, N. 4008). Ctrcs dutcrgs (\ämlegz Adrtcs, 4008) qug `mlnuygm fdltcrgs lcac nd fda`n`d y gn agk`c ndicrdn lcac kdtcs d tgmgr gm lugmtd d nd ecrd kg gstdinglgr cibgt`vcs kgmtrc kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d. 40?7 @V Orupc kg trdidbc kg nd Mdt`cmdn Lcmfgrgmlg cm Xrgvgmt`vg Agk`l`mg (GGWW) qug nd kgf`mg „um prclgsc qug `mfcrad, act`vd y dyukd d nd pcindl`üm d dkcptdr y admtgmgr prält`lds y gst`ncs kg v`kd sdnukdings, prcpuomd ncs ldai`cs dai`gmtdngs mglgsdr`cs pdrd fdl`n`tdr gstcs cibgt`vcs, y k`r`og nd fcradl`üm prcfgs`cmdn y nd `mvgst`odl`üm edl`d gscs a`sacs cibgt`vcs‑. D pgsdr kg nds k`fgrgmtgs tgmkgml`ds, ecy gx`stg um lcmsgmsc scirg nd `kgd kg qug nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d rgqu`grg aäs qug nd agrd `mfcradl`üm cfgrtd kg lcmcl`a`gmtcs, gn lcmsgou`r ldai`cs gm nds dlt`tukgs y gm ncs gst`ncs kg v`kd. Nds dpcrtdl`cmgs pr`ml`pdngs kg tckds nds kgf`m`l`cmgs dltudngs sgrádm2
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
4.7 Cibgt`vcs kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Gn Kr. ADENGY, K`rgltcr Ogmgrdn kg nd C.A.\. gm 4057 df`radid2 „Nd \dnuk aumk`dn sünc acrdrä ludmkc ncs prcp`cs `mtgrgsdkcs pdrt`l`pgm gm nd pndm`f`ldl`üm, dpn`ldl`üm, y tcad kg kgl`s`cmgs dlgrld kg su prcp`d sdnuk y dtgml`üm kg sdnuk. Mc cistdmtg, gstd pdrt`l`pdl`üm kgpgmkgrä kg nds s`ou`gmtgs lugst`cmgs2 ³Edstd quà pumtc gstdacs `mtgrgsdkcs gm `mvcnulrdr d ncs `mk`v`kucs, d sus fda`n`ds y lcaum`kdkgs3, ³Gstdacs prgpdrdkcs agmtdn y prcfgs`cmdnagmtg pdrd gsluledr nc qug ngs `mtgrgsd, dprgmkgr kg gnncs nc qug lcms`kgrgm `apcrtdmtg lcapdrt`r nd `mfcradl`üm dprcp`dkd, dm`adrncs y dpcydrncs3, ³Gstdacs n`stcs pdrd dyukdrngs d gslcogr gmtrg scnul`cmgs pcs`ings, gstdinglgr sus prcp`cs cibgt`vcs y gvdnudr sus gsfugrzcs3‑. Xdrd civ`dr gstcs `apcrtdmtgs cistäluncs gn Kr. Adengr rglcagmkdid, yd gm 40572 4) Gn lcmlgptc kg Dtgml`üm Dtgml`üm Xr`adr`d kg \dnuk `apn`ld um ldai`c gm nds fuml`cmgs fuml`cmgs kg ncs prcfgs`cmdngs sdm`tdr`cs y tckcs dqugnncs qug kg um ackc u ctrc pdrt`l`pgm kgn prclgsc kg nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk. 9) Gstcs prcfgs`cmdngs prcfgs`cmdngs kgigm dlgptdr gstds mugvds fuml`cmgs fuml`cmgs kgi`gmkc pdrd gnnc, gstdr suf`l`gmsuf`l`gmtgagmtg act`vdkcs y trdidbdr lcmbumtdagmtg lcm nd Lcaum`kdk. <) Kgigm tgmgr nd ldpdl`kdk suf`l`gmtg pdrd pcmgr pcmgr gm prält`ld gstds mugvds fuml`cmgs kg umd admgrd gfglt`vd. Gstc gx`og prcordads kg fcradl`üm dkgludkcs pdrd lcmsgou`r prcfgs`cmdngs kgi`kdagmtg ludn`f`ldkcs y ldpdl`tdkcs.
D. Cibgt`vcs ogmgrdngs Nds kgf`m`l`cmgs y ackgncs qug egacs gstuk`dkc adrldm nd pdutd pdrd kgf`m`r ncs cibgt`vcs qug kgigm dnldmzdr nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk gm gn acagmtc dltudn. Pd gm 407;, nd prcp`d C.A.\. s`mtgt`zdid gm [rgs ncs Cibgt`vcs Ogmgrdngs, gm umc kg sus pr`agrcs `mfcrags scirg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk. - Nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk \dnuk kgig citgmgr citgmgr qug nd sdnuk sg sg `msgrtg gm ncs vdncrgs rglcmcl`kcs rglcmcl`kcs pcr nd Lcaum`kdk. - Nd Gkuldl`üm Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk kgig kgig cfrglgr cfrglgr d nd pcindl`üm lcmcl`a`gmtcs suf`l`gmtgs y ldpdl`kdk prält`ld pdrd rgscnvgr ncs prcingads kg sdnuk. - Nd Gkuldl`üm Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk kgig fdvcrglgr fdvcrglgr gn kgsdrrcnnc kgsdrrcnnc kg ncs sgrv`l`cs sgrv`l`cs sdm`tdr`cs. sdm`tdr`cs.
I. Cibgt`vcs gspgláf` gspgláf`lcs lcs Kg ncs cibgt`vcs ogmgrdngs kg nd Gkuldl`üm Gk uldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk, sg kgsprgmkgm ncs s`ou`gmtgs cibgt`vcs gspgláf`lcs (\dnngrds \dmadrtá, N 4008)2 - Edlgr kg nd sdnuk um pdtr`acm`c kg nd lcnglt`v`kdk. Gstg Gstg cibgt`vc cibgt`vc prgtgmkg prgtgmkg qug nd lcaum`kdk lcmsl`gmtg kg su sdnuk y sg rgspcmsdi`n`lg kg su lu`kdkc, mc pcr `apcs`l`üm c lcmsgbc sdm`tdr`c, s`mc pcrqug nd edyd `mlcrpcrdkc d tckcs ncs gngagmtcs qug lcmfcradm gn gstdkc kg i`gmgstdr. Gm gstg cibgt`vc, gs prgl`sc rglcrkdr qug nd \dnuk gs um lcmlgptc n`odkc d dspgltcs scl`c-lunturdngs, tdmtc kgn `mk`v`kuc lcac kg nd lcaum`kdk, pcr nc qug mc s`gaprg lc`ml`k`räm nds vdncrdl`cmgs qug kg gnnd edodm k`st`mtcs `mk`v`kucs c lcaum`kdkgs (Dutcrgspcmsdi`n`kdk).
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Ack`f`ldr nds lcmkultds lcmkultds mgodt`vds rgndl`cmdkds lcm nd prcacl`üm prcacl`üm y rgstdurdl`üm rgstdurdl`üm kg nd \dnuk. Auleds kg nds lcmkultds `msdmds qug sg cisgrvdm gm nds scl`gkdkgs cll`kgmtdngs t`gmgm um ordm drrd`oc scl`dn. Dn fcraundr gstg cibgt`vc, nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d kgsgd ldai`dr gstcs eäi`tcs y lcmkultds `msdmds pcr lcmkultds kg \dnuk: gstg ldai`c kgig sgr s`gaprg vcnumtdr`c. (Ack`f`ldr lcmkultds mgodt`vds) - Xrcacvgr mugvds lcmkultds pcs`t`vds fdvcrdings d nd prcacl`üm y nd rgstdurdl`üm kg nd \dnuk. Xdrd gn luapn`a`gmtc kg gstg cibgt`vc, gn gkuldkcr kg nd \dnuk kgig ldai`dr gn trdk`l`cmdn gmfcqug mgodt`vc kg nd \dnuk pdrd k`r`o`rnc d sus dspgltcs aäs pcs`t`vcs y fdvcrglgkcrgs. fdvcrglgkcrgs. Ldapdôds kg fcagmtc kgn gbgrl`l`c fás`lc, gkuldl`üm rgspgltc dn usc dkgludkc kg ncs agk`ldagmtcs, gtl., sgrádm fcrads kg luapn`r gstg cibgt`vc. (Xrcacvgr lcmkultds pcs`t`vds) - Xrcp`l`dr ldai`cs dai`gmtdngs dai`gmtdngs fdvcrdings d ncs ldai`cs lcmkultudngs lcmkultudngs prglcm`zdkcs. prglcm`zdkcs. Ldkd vgz gs aäs gv`kgmtg nd `mfnugml`d kgn gmtcrmc scirg ncs `mk`v`kucs y scirg su sdnuk. Gn gkuldkcr sdm`tdr`c kgig prcacvgr ldai`cs sdnukdings gm gstg dai`gmtg. Gstcs ldai`cs kgigm gstdr rgfgr`kcs tdmtc dn agk`c dai`gmtg gxtgr`cr, gs kgl`r, v`o`ndml`d kg ncs lcmtda`mdmtgs, gn`a`mdl`üm kg rgs`kucs, uridm`sac, gtl., lcac gn agk`c dai`gmtg `mk`v`kudn c kcaàst`lc, pcr gbgapnc, lu`kdkc kg nd e`o`gmg gm nd gslugnd, adm`pundl`üm y lcmsgrvdl`üm kg ncs dn`agmtcs, gtl. (Xrcp`l`dr Ldai`cs dai`gmtdngs) - Ldpdl`tdr d ncs `mk`v`kucs pdrd pdrd qug pugkdm pdrt`l`pdr gm nd tcad kg kgl`s`cmgs scirg scirg nd \dnuk \dnuk kg nd lcaum`kdk. \g gmt`gmkg dquá qug gs fuml`üm kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d fcradr d ncs `mk`v`kucs pdrd prcp`l`dr um ldai`c gm sus dlt`tukgs, tdmtc `mk`v`kudngs lcac orupdngs, pdrd qug rgcr`gmtgm su pdrt`l`pdl`üm gm nd tcad kg kgl`s`cmgs kg \dnuk. Òm`ldagmtg d trdvàs kg umd pdrt`l`pdl`üm dlt`vd pckrä vdr`dr nd pgrspglt`vd kg umd \dnuk tglmclrdt`zdkd c kg gxpgrtcs edl`d umd sdnuk kgaclrdt`zdkd c kg nd lcaum`kdk y sünc dsá pckrä sgr rgdn`kdk gn pr`ml`p`c kg nd C.A.\. rgfgr`kc d qug „nd pcindl`üm t`gmg gn kgrglec y gn kgigr kg pdrt`l`pdr, `mk`v`kudn y lcnglt`vdagmtg, gm nd pndm`f`ldl`üm y nd prgstdl`üm kg su ds`stgml`d sdm`tdr`d‑. (pdrt`l`pdl`üm) Xcr tdmtc nd ackgrmd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk kgig fcagmtdr gstd pdrt`l`pdl`üm g `mstru`r dkgludkdagmtg d ncs l`ukdkdmcs y ncs lcapcmgmtgs kgn gqu`pc aunt` g `mtgrk`sl`pn`mdr`c kg \dnuk, pdrd qug pugkdm gvdnudr nds mglgs`kdkgs kg \dnuk kg nd Lcaum`kdk, dsá lcac kg ncs \grv`l`cs \dm`tdr`cs `aprgsl`mk`ings2 sünc dsá pckräm tcadr kgl`s`cmgs rdzcmdkds scirg gstcs tgads, gm igmgf`l`c kg nd \dnuk kg nd Lcaum`kdk.
9. ÄAI@[C\ ÄAI@[ C\ KG DL[W DL[WDL@Ü DL@ÜM M 9.4 Dogmtgs kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d \g gmt`gmkg pcr dogmtgs kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d tckds nds pgrscmds kg nd Lcaum`kdk qug lcmtr`iuygm d qug ncs `mk`v`kucs `mk`v` kucs y orupcs dkcptgm lcmkultds Xcs`t`vds kg \dnuk.
D. Xrcfgs`cmdngs sdm`tdr`cs Ncs prcfgs`cmdngs sdm`tdr`cs gbgrlgm umd `apcrtdmtg lcmtr`iul`üm d ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs, dlt`tukgs y lcmkultds kg nd pcindl`üm, qug pugkg sgr `mfcradn c fcradn, tdmtc gm nd Lcaum`kdk lcac gm ncs k`st`mtcs sgrv`l`cs kg ds`stgml`d sdm`tdr`d.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Nd @MFNWGML@D @MFCYADN, qug mc gs `mtgml`cmdkd `mtgml`cmdkd,, rgsuntd gxtrgadkdagmtg `apcrtdmtg, pugstc qug nds pdndirds, ncs ogstcs, nd `mkuagmtdr`d, y scirg tckc nd lcmkultd kg \dnuk kg gstcs prcfgs`cmdngs sdm`tdr`cs lcmst`tuygm `apcrtdmtgs gxpgr`gml`ds gkuldt`vds `mfcradngs pdrd nd pcindl`üm d su dnldmlg. - Nd @MFNWGML@D @MFNWGML@D FCYADN, gs kgl`r `mtgml`cmdkd, pugkg sgr sgr `mk`rgltd `mk`rgltd c k`rgltd. Nd `mfnugml`d @MK@YGL[D gs nd qug sg rgdn`zd d trdvàs kg nds gmtrgv`stds lcm ncs agk`cs kg lcaum`ldl`üm kg adsds, c ludmkc sg gslr`ig um drtálunc kg cp`m`üm gm um pgr`ük`lc c gm umd rgv`std kg ordm k`fus`üm. Nd `mfnugml`d K@YGL[D gs nd qug sg gstdinglg kurdmtg ncs lcmtdltcs kg ncs prcfgs`cmdngs sdm`tdr`cs lcm ncs `mk`v`kucs y orupcs, tdmtc sdmcs lcac gmfgracs. \g trdtd kg nd `mfnugml`d kgr`vdkd kg nd lcaum`ldl`üm kg gstcs prcfgs`cmdngs lcm gn sdmc c lcm gn pdl`gmtg, gm su kca`l`n`c c gm ncs lgmtrcs ds`stgml`dngs. [dai`àm sg nngvd d ldic ludmkc gstcs prcfgs`cmdngs k`r`ogm umd ledrnd c umd sgs`üm kg kgidtg pdrd `mk`v`kucs, sdmcs c gmfgracs. [dmtc nd `mfnugml`d `mfcradn, lcac nd fcradn `mk`rgltd y k`rgltd, kgigm tgmgrsg gm lugmtd d nd ecrd kg pndm`f`ldr nd Gkuldl`üm kg nd \dnuk.
Nd Dtgml`üm Xr`adr`d Xr`adr`d qug t`gmg lcac rgspcmsdi`n`kdk nd dtgml`üm kg nd Lcaum`kdk, kgmtrc kg ncs trgs m`vgngs kg Xrgvgml`üm, lugmtd lcm gn aàk`lc, gn prcfgs`cmdn kg gmfgragrád y gn trdidbdkcr scl`dn, gmtrg gn pgrscmdn sdm`tdr`c d su sgrv`l`c, dumqug gm dnoumds clds`cmgs pugkg lcmtdr lcm gn dpcyc kg dnoumcs gspgl`dn`stds c dnoòm ps`lüncoc.
I. Xrcfgs`cmdngs Xrcfgs`c mdngs mc sdm`tdr` sdm`tdr`cs cs d. Xrcfgs`cmdng Xrcfgs`cmdngss kg nd gmsgôdmzd Fugrd yd kgn äai`tc sdm`tdr`c, kgigacs lcms`kgrdr lcac lcac Dogmtgs kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk d ncs Xrcfgs`cmdngs kg nd Gmsgôdmzd, qu`gmgs pcsggm muagrcsds cpcrtum`kdkgs kg gbgrlgr `mfnugml`ds tdmtc fcradngs lcac `mfcradngs scirg ncs m`ôcs y büvgmgs d su ldroc, dsá lcac scirg ncs prcp`cs pdkrgs kgmtrc kgn äai`tc fda`n`dr.
i. Xrcfgs`cmdng Xrcfgs`cmdngss kg nd lcaum`ldl` lcaum`ldl`üm üm [dai`àm edy qug kgstdldr gn pdpgn fumkdagmtdn qug edm kg kgsdrrcnndr, lcac vgrkdkgrcs dogmtgs kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk, ncs n cs prcfgs`cmdngs kg ncs agk`cs kg lcaum`ldl`üm, qug tdmtc pugkgm dyukdr lcm su pdrt`l`pdl`üm gm ncs k`fgrgmtgs prcordads dn rgstc kgn gqu`pc kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk.
9.9 Ldapcs kg dll`üm dll`üm kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Gn ldapc kg dll`üm kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d nc lcmst`tuygm ncs `mk`v`kucs, ncs orupcs y, gm kgf`m`t`vd, tckd nd lcnglt`v`kdk \`gaprg kgig tgmgrsg gm lugmtd nd rgdn`kdk lunturdn kg ncs `mk`v`kucs
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
c orupcs d ncs ludngs k`r`o`acs nd dll`üm gkuldt`vd, gs kgl`r, nds l`rlumstdml`ds kg v`kd pgrscmdn qug lcmf`ourdm nd rgdn`kdk kg ldkd `mk`v`kuc. Gstg dmän`s`s kg nd rgdn`kdk mcs kgacstrdrä nd k`vgrs`kdk kg mglgs`kdkgs, y bust`f`ldr nd gx`stgml`d kg k`fgrgmtgs prcordads lcm cibgt`vcs y gstrdtgo`ds k`st`mtds. Kg dlugrkc lcm gstcs pr`ml`p`cs gn ludkrc dkbumtc rgsuag dnoumcs kg ncs ldapcs kg dll`üm kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d tdmtc gm pcindl`üm sdmd lüac gm gmfgrad, gn agk`c gm kcmkg sg pugkg kgsdrrcnndr, dsá lcac ncs l`lncs v`tdngs y dnoumds kg nds pdtcncoáds.
9.< Ärgds kg dpn`ldl`üm kg nd gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk Gn orupc kg pcindl`üm sdmd kgig igmgf`l`drsg kg nds dll`cmgs kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d pndm`f`ldkds tdmtc gm nd Xrgvgml`üm Xr`adr`d lcac gm nd \glumkdr`d, s`gmkc fumkdagmtdn qug ncs lcmlgptcs `apdrt`kcs gm ncs k`st`mtcs äai`tcs kg dpn`ldl`üm sgdm lc`ml`kgmtgs, pugstc qug nds `kgds lcmtrdk`ltcr`ds scm gn gngagmtc aäs mcl`vc pdrd nd lcmsglul`üm kg ncs cibgt`vcs kg nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk. Xcr nc tdmtc gs mglgsdr`d umd pgrfgltd lccrk`mdl`üm kgmtrc kg ncs k`st`mtcs m`vgngs kg prgvgml`üm pcr ncs rgspcmsdings kg nd prcordadl`üm. Lcm gn f`m kg pckgr nngodr d tckd nd lcnglt`v`kdk y pdrd lcmsgou`r um iugm kgsdrrcnnc cpgrdt`vc, sg edm kg k`st`mou`r ncs s`ou`gmtgs äai`tcs kg dpn`ldl`üm2 - Gn agk`c gslcndr. - Gn agk`c ndicrdn. - Nd tgrlgrd gkdk. - Gn agk`c scl`dn gm ogmgrdn.
D. Gn agk`c gslcndr Nd gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk gm gn agk`c gslcndr t`gmg lcac f`mdn`kdk `mlunldr dlt`tukgs, lcmcl`a`gmtcs y eäi`tcs pcs`t`vcs kg sdnuk dn m`ôc, dn bcvgm c dkcngslgmtg, kgpgmk`gmkc kg nds k`st`mtds gtdpds, pdrd fdvcrglgr su lrgl`a`gmtc y kgsdrrcnnc, gn fcagmtc kg nd \dnuk y nd prgvgml`üm kg nds gmfgragkdkgs gv`tdings gm ldkd pgráckc, prgv`dagmtg gstdingl`kds. Dkgaäs, kgig `mtgmtdr rgspcmsdi`n`zdr dn gslcndr kgn admtgm`a`gmtc kg su prcp`d sdnuk y prgpdrdrng pdrd qug, dn `mlcrpcrdrsg d nd Lcaum`kdk, dkcptg umcs gst`ncs kg v`kd sdnukdings, qug fdvcrgzldm d nd lcmsglul`üm kg nd \dnuk gm sgmt`kc pcs`t`vc.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
\g edm kg pndm`f`ldr gstrdtgo`ds k`r`o`kds mc sünc dn gslcndr k`rgltdagmtg, s`mc tdai`àm d ncs pdkrgs y prcfgscrgs, pdrd qug gnncs y kg umd um d fcrad ecacoàmgd y lccrk`mdkd, pugkdm pcmgr gm adrled lcm nd agtckcncoád dkgludkd gm ldkd acagmtc, nds k`fgrgmtgs dll`cmgs kgn Xrcordad, rgsuntdmkc `magrsc gm nds prcp`ds adtgr`ds kg gstuk`c dprcidkds pcr gn A`m`stgr`c kg Gkuldl`üm y L`gml`d.
I. Gn G n agk`c ndicrdn Nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk gm gn agk`c ndicrdn kgig k`r`o`r sus gstrdtgo`ds pr`ml`pdnagmtg d `mfcradr d ncs trdid trdidbdkcrgs scirg ncs r`gsocs dai`gmtdngs d qug gstäm gxpugstcs y qug pugkgm nngodr d tgmgr ordvgs `apn`ldl`cmgs pdrd su \dnuk y nd kg su fda`n`d, k`rgltd c `mk`rgltdagmtg.
L. Nd tgrlgrd gkdk Gstg prcordad kgig gstdr pndm`f`ldkc kgmtrc kgn äai`tc kg nd Xrgvgml`üm Xr`adr`d y \glumkdr`d s`m cnv`kdr nd Xrgvgml`üm [grl`dr`d, qug lugmtd gmtrg sus cibgt`vcs, nd rg`msgrl`üm scl`dn kgn `mk`v`kuc, gm gstg ldsc supugstdagmtg sdmc. Xcr ctrd pdrtg kgig `apngagmtdrsg gm pr`agr nuodr gm nd Ds`stgml`d Xr`adr`d lccrk`mämkcsg lcm ncs prcordads kg Dtgml`üm gspgl`dn`zdkd. \g trdtd kg umd pcindl`üm qug k`fál`nagmtg pckgacs lcms`kgrdr sdmd gm su tctdn`kdk, yd qug nd adycrád kg ncs `mk`v`kucs d pdrt`r kg ncs 67 dôcs lugmtdm lcm dnoumd pdtcncoád, y gm dnoumcs ldscs lcm pnur`pdtcncoád, nc qug cin`od gm dnoumds clds`cmgs d pndm`f`ldr ncs prcordads kgskg nd Xrgvgml`üm [grl`dr`d.
K. Gn agk`c scl`dn gm ogmgrdn Gm ludmtc d ncs prcordads kg gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk kgst`mdkcs d nd pcindl`üm gm ogmgrdn egacs kg rgsdntdr nd `apcrtdml`d kg nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk gm gn äai`tc kgn agk`c scl`dn. Gm gstg ldsc, sus cibgt`vcs kgigm `r k`r`o`kcs d fcagmtdr y prctgogr nd \dnuk kg nd pcindl`üm agk`dmtg dll`cmgs gkuldt`vds, `mtgmtdmkc lcmsgou`r gm pr`agr nuodr qug nd sdnuk dnldmlg gn pr`agr pugstc gm su gsldnd kg vdncrgs, grrdk`ldmkc nds dlt`tukgs, lcmcl`a`gmtcs y eäi`tcs `msdmcs, y prcacv`gmkc dqugnncs mugvcs m ugvcs eäi`tcs prält`lds sdnukdings kgfgmk`kcs pcr ncs k`fgrgmtgs gstuk`cs gp`kga`cnüo`lcs gm ldkd ldsc.
<. AG[CKCNCOÁD G @MVG\[@OD @MVG\[@O DL@ÜM <.4 Agtckcncoád Nd GX\ rgqu`grg pdrd su admgbc, tdmtc m`vgn tgür`lc lcac cpgrdt`vc, kg nds dpcrtdl`cmgs kg vdr`ds k`sl`pn`mds, scirg tckc kg nd pgkdocoád, nd ps`lcncoád, nd dmtrcpcncoád, nd scl`cncoád y, pcr supugstc, kg nd sdnuk pòin`ld. \ugng gmtgmkgrsg pcr gkuldl`üm gn prclgsc `mtgml`cmdn pcr gn ludn nds pgrscmds scm aäs lcmsl`gmtgs kg su rgdn`kdk y kgn gmtcrmc qug ngs rckgd, dapn`dmkc ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs, vdncrgs y edi`n`kdkgs qug ngs pgra`tdm kgsdrrcnndr ldpdl`kdkgs pdrd dkgludr, sgoòm àstds, sus lcapcrtda`gmtcs d nd rgdn`kdk.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
D. Fdltcrgs Gm nd gkuldl`üm scirg tgads kg k g sdnuk ncs lcmtgm`kcs scm ncs fdltcrgs rgndl`cmdkcs lcm ncs lcapcrtda`gmtcs euadmcs gm sdnuk, qug scm kg k g trgs t`pcs2 - Fdltcrgs kgn gmtcrmc scl`dn (lcmk`l`cmgs (lcmk`l`cmgs kg v`kd, rglurscs y sgrv`l`cs k`spcm`ings, ackgncs y vdncrgs scl`clunturdngs kca`mdmtgs...). - Fdltcrgs kgn gmtcrmc gmtcrmc prüx`ac (dpcyc kgn orupc fda`n`dr c kcaàst`lc, kcaàst`lc, rgkgs rgkgs scl`dngs...). scl`dngs...). - Fdltcrgs pgrscmdngs, kgn ärgd lcom`t`vd lcom`t`vd (lcmcl`a`gmtcs, edi`n`kdkgs kg dmän`s`s y vdncrdl`üm kg s`tudl`cmgs...), kgn ärgd gacl`cmdn (lrggml`ds, vdncrgs, dlt`tukgs, dutcgst`ad, nclus kg lcmtrcn...) y kgn ärgd kg nds edi`n`kdkgs (ps`lcactcrds, lcac gn gbgrl`l`c c nd rgndbdl`üm, pgrscmdngs, lcac gn dfrcmtda`gmtc kg prcingads c gn admgbc kgn t`gapc, y scl`dngs, lcac nd gsluled y nd lcaum`ldl`üm, gn admgbc kg lcmfn`ltcs y nd mgocl`dl`üm). @mfcradr gs prcpcrl`cmdr `mfcradl`cmgs. Lcm nd `mfcradl`üm c lcmsgbc sg dpcrtd pugs umd pdrtg kgn ärgd lcom`t`vd, ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs, nc qug gv`kgmtgagmtg gs òt`n d nd gkuldl`üm. Xgrc mc nc gs tckc, pcrqug sünc nds pgrscmds qug k`spcmgm kg adycrgs rglurscs pgrscmdngs gm gn ärgd gacl`cmdn y gm gn kg edi`n`kdkgs pckräm kgsdrrcnndr nds ldpdl`kdkgs y lcapcrtda`gmtcs prcpugstcs. Gkuldr mc gs `mfcradr y tdapclc pgrsudk`r. \u f`mdn`kdk mc gs qug sg nngvgm d ldic lcapcrtda`gmtcs kgf`m`kcs y prgslr`tcs pcr gn „gxpgrtc‑, s`mc fdl`n`tdr qug nds pgrscmds kgsdrrcnngm ldpdl`kdkgs qug ngs pgra`tdm tcadr kgl`s`cmgs lcmsl`gmtgs y dutümcads scirg su p rcp`d sdnuk. [ckcs gstcs fdltcrgs, tdmtc i`cnüo`lcs lcac ps`lcscl`dngs, scm pugs ncs lcmtgm`kcs qug sg edm kg trdidbdr gm nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d. Xdrd dprgmkgrncs, sg lcms`kgrd gsgml`dn um dprgmk`zdbg s`om`f`ldt`vc2 nd pgrscmd dprgmkg kgskg sus gxpgr`gml`ds, v`vgml`ds y ackgncs lcom`t`vcs, rgcrodm`zämkcncs y ack`f`lämkcncs dmtg nds mugvds `mfcradl`cmgs c gxpgr`gml`ds qug sg kdm gm gn prclgsc gkuldt`vc. Gmsgôdr gs, kgskg ncs gmfcqugs kg nd pgkdocoád dlt`vd, dlt`vd, lgmtrdkcs lgmtrdkcs gm gn dprgmk`zdbg y gn gkuldmkc, dyukdr d dprgmkgr: gn cibgt`vc fumkdagmtdn kg nd gkuldl`üm gs gn dprgmk`zdbg.
Xdrd ncordr pugs dprgmk`zdbgs s`om`f`ldt`vcs gm gstg t`pc kg trdidbc gkuldt`vc lcm pgrscmds c orupcs kg nd lcaum`kdk mc scm òt`ngs gmfcqugs u cr`gmtdl`cmgs k`kält`lds trdk`l`cmdngs, s`mc gmfcqugs kg pgkdocoád dlt`vd, `mtgrdlt`vd c `mtgordkcrd. Wm dspgltc kg ordm `apcrtdml`d pdrd nd lcmsglul`üm kg gstcs dprgmk`zdbgs gs gn kgsdrrcnnc kg prclgscs kg gmsgôdmzd-dprgmk`zdbg gf`ldlgs. \g trdtd kg prclgscs qug pcs`i`n`tgm d nds y ncs gkuldmkcs gxprgsdr y/c `mvgst`odr su prcp`d rgdn`kdk (pdrt`r kg su s`tudl`üm), prcfumk`zdr gm gn tgad qug sg gstä trdidbdmkc (rgcrodm`zdr lcmcl`a`gmtcs, dmdn`zdr nd s`tudl`üm ogmgrdn y dnoumcs tgads gspgláf`lcs, rgfngx`cmdr scirg dspgltcs dspgltcs kgn ärgd gacl`cmdn) y dfrcmtdr su s`tudl`üm (kgl`k`r nd dll`üm scirg su rgdn`kdk, kgsdrrcnndr ncs rglurscs y edi`n`kdkgs mglgsdr`cs, rgdn`zdrnd gm nd prält`ld y gvdnudrnd). Gm nd prält`ld sg trdtd kg fdl`n`tdr d nd pgrscmd c dn orupc lcmclgr su s`tudl`üm y edindr kg gnnd gm pr`agr nuodr, c sgd, gsluledr dmtgs kg `mfcradr c kg kdr „nd ledrnd‑: dyukdrngs d pgmsdr aäs qug pgmsdr pcr gnncs y gnnds y mc „kdrngs‑ „ kdrngs‑ scnul`cmgs s`mc fdl`n`tdr qug gmlugmtrgm nds suyds prcp`ds. Mc sg trdtd kg „prgslr`i`r‑ lcapcrtda`gmtcs s`mc kg prcacvgrncs.
I. Ldrdltgrást`lds kg ncs prcordads kg GX\ Nds ldrdltgrást`lds lndvg qug prgsgmtdm ncs prcordads kg GX\ gvdnudkcs lcac gfglt`vcs rgspgltc d nd agtckcncoád scm2
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Tug `mlcrpcrgm aàtckcs kg dprgmk`zdbg dlt`vcs. - Tug vdydm k`r`o`kcs edl`d nds `mfnugml`ds scl`dngs y nd kg ncs agk`cs kg lcaum`ldl`üm kg adsds. Tug rgfugrlgm ncs vdncrgs `mk`v`kudngs y nds mcrads orupdngs. - Tug prcaugvdm gn kgsdrrcnnc kg edi`n`kdkgs, (scl`dngs, fumkdagmtdnagmtg). - Wmd gstrdtgo`d gstrdtgo`d gspgl`dnagmtg gspgl`dnagmtg gfglt`vd gfglt`vd gs gn trdidbc gm orupc kg `oudngs. \us pr`ml`pdngs vgmtdbds scm umd adycr dkgludl`üm kg ncs lcmtgm`kcs y gstrdtgo`ds, y umd adycr act`vdl`üm y lràk`tc kg nd `mfcradl`üm. Ncs dkcngslgmtgs lcmlgkgm aulec adycr vdncr d nd `mfcradl`üm citgm`kd gm gn orupc qug d nd sua`m`strdkd kgskg drr`id. Gn dnuamc kgig nngodr d edlgr suyd nd dlt`v`kdk kg dprgmk`zdbg, y gn gkuldkcr kgig buodr gn pdpgn kg fdl`n`tdkcr kgn dprgmk`zdbg. Gm gstg sgmt`kc, edy qug prclurdr s`gaprg usdr aàtckcs pdrt`l`pdt`vcs, qug pctgml`gm nd dkqu`s`l`üm kg edi`n`kdkgs scl`dngs, nd lcapgtgml`d gm nd lcaum`ldl`üm y nd rgscnul`üm kg lcmfn`ltcs: qug `ml`kdm gm nd rgspcmsdi`n`kd rgspcmsdi`n`kdk, k, gm nd dutcgst`ad y gm nd tcad kg kgl`s`cmgs, y qug fdl`n`tgm nd prält`ld kg nds edi`n`kdkgs dprgmk`kds. Gm gstg sgmt`kc kglád nd CA\ (405<)2 „\` gmfcldacs nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d kgskg um ackgnc pdrt`l`pdt`vc, y dkdptdkc d nds mglgs`kdkgs, nd pcindl`üm dkqu`r`rä umd rgspcmsdi`n`kdk gm su dprgmk`zdbg y àstg mc gstdrä lgmtrdkc gm gn sdigr, s`mc tdai`àm gm gn sdigr edlgr‑.
<.9 Ackgncs kg `mtgrvgml`üm gm gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d sdm`tdr`d D. Xumtc kg v`std gkuldl`cmdn c pgkdoüo`lc Kgskg um pumtc kg v`std gkuldl`cmdn c pgkdoüo`lc, gx`st`rádm trgs k`fgrgmtgs fcrads c ackgncs kg prdlt`ldr nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d2 - @mfcradt`vc - Act`vdl`cmdn - Glcmüa`lc-glcnüo`lc
d. Ackgnc `mfcradt`vc Lcac cibgt`vc nc qug sg prgtgmkg gs qug gn `mk`v`kuc dprgmkd mcrads kg e`o`gmg y lcapcrtda`gmtc. Gstg ackgnc mc sg pndmtgd gn lcmtgxtc m` nd lunturd kcmkg sg vd d rgdn`zdr nd `mtgrvgml`üm gkuldt`vd, y pdrtg kg um lcmlgptc kg \dnuk qug sg idsd gm nd dusgml`d kg gmfgragkdk, gs kgl`r, gmtgmk`gmkc nd \dnuk lcac d`sndkd kgn lcmtgxtc. Xcr tckc gnnc, pckgacs df`radr qug sg trdtd kg um ACKGNC E@O@GM@\[D Gn ackgnc `mfcradt`vc sg idsd gm gn dprgmk`zdbg kg lcmtgm`kcs, eäi`tcs sdnukdings y mcrads kg e`o`gmg, y nd lcaum`ldl`üm gm gn prclgsc gs um`k`rgll`cmdn, pdrt`gmkc nd `m`l`dt`vd kgn Gkuldkcr
i. Ackgnc act`vdl` act`vdl`cmdn cmdn Gn cibgt`vc kg gstg ackgnc gs lcmvgrt`r dn `mk`v`kuc gm dltcr, gm subgtc dlt`vc y mc pds`vc kg nd gkuldl`üm. Gn gkuldmkc kgig dkqu`r`r edi`n`kdkgs y ldai`dr sus lcapcrtda`gmtcs d trdvàs kg nd act`vdl`üm y nd pgrsuds`üm. Gstg ackgnc mc tcld gn agk`c dai`gmtg dai` gmtg y prgsupcmg dn `mk`v`kuc n`irg n `irg pdrd gngo`r gmtrg k`fgrgmtgs lcapcrtda`gmtcs.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
Kgmtrc kg gstg ackgnc, nd sdnuk gs um f`m gm s` a`sad, y v`gmg adrldkd pcr ncs gst`ncs kg v`kd y ncs lcapcrtda`gmtcs dkgludkcs.
l. Ackgnc glcnüo`lc glcmüa`lc Gm gn ackgnc glcnüo`lc glcmüa`lc sg pdrtg kg qug gx`stg nd `oudnkdk dmtg nd sdnuk, y trdtd kg ldai`dr gn agk`c dai`gmtg d nd vgz qug kgsdrrcnnd umd lcml`gml`d scl`dn. Dtr`iuyg g dn kgsdrrcnnc glcmüa`lc `mlcmtrcndkc nds kgs`oudnkdkgs y nd pcirgzd dsá lcac nd prcp`d Gmfgragkdk y nd kgstrull`üm kgn agk`c dai`gmtg. \u lcmlgptc kg sdnuk gs purdagmtg glcnüo`lc y nd rgndl`cmd c v`mlund d nc glcmüa`lc. Gstg ackgnc dmdn`zd nds rdálgs scl`cglcmüa`lds kg nd sdnuk y prcaugvg nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm l`ukdkdmd.
I. Xumtc kg v`std kg nd dpn`ldl`üm kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d Kgskg gn pumtc kg v`std kg nd dpn`ldl`üm kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d gx`stgm k`st`mtcs ackgncs, suro`kcs gm fuml`üm kg ncs ldai`cs kg pgmsda`gmtc, kg nd rgdn`kdk scl`dn y kg ncs dvdmlgs tglmcnüo`lcs y l`gmtáf`lcs2 - Ackgnc i`caàk`lc ds`stgml`dn c trdk`l`cmdn - Ackgnc prgvgmt`vc c lrát`lc - Ackgnc lcaum`tdr`c
d. Ackgnc i`caàk`lc, ds`stgml` ds`stgml`dn dn c trdk`l`c trdk`l`cmdn. mdn. Gm gstg ackgnc nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d ut`n`zd gstrdtgo`ds lnám`lds y sg idsd gm nd prgslr`pl`üm kgn „trdtda`gmtc gkuldt`vc‑ mglgsdr`c. mglgsdr`c. Gn sdm`tdr`c sg s`tòd, gm gn pdpgn kg gxpgrtc gm gn k`domüst`lc kg nds mglgs`kdkgs `mk`v`kudngs y/c lcaum`tdr`ds, y gn usudr`c gm gn kg `mfcradkc lcm ldpdl`kdk kg kgl`k`r gm rgndl`üm scm su sdnuk. Nd pcindl`üm k`dmd gs gxlnus`vdagmtg nd kgadmkdmtg y, pcr tdmtc, nd lcaum`kdk lcmt`mòd kgngodmkc gm gn s`stgad sdm`tdr`c nd rgspcmsdi`n`kdk kgn lu`kdkc kg su sdnuk. Nd `mfcradl`üm gs iäs`ldagmtg um`k`rgll`cmdn, yd qug ncs sdm`tdr`cs kgl`kgm um`ndtgrdnagmtg nds pdutds d sgou`r y gn usudr`c dlgptd gn pdpgn kg sua`s`üm.
i. Ackgnc Xrgvgmt`vc c Lrát`lc Dkgaäs kg nd lcigrturd ds`stgml`dn `apnál`td gm gn ackgnc dmtgr`cr, `mlcrpcrd mugvcs lcmlgptcs ND XYGVGML@ÜM gm ncs orupcs kg r`gsoc y nd `mfnugml`d kg fdltcrgs scl`dngs, dai`gmtdngs, i`cnüo`lcs y kg gst`ncs kg v`kd. @mtgord mugvcs prcfgs`cmdngs, lcac ncs trdidbdkcrgs scl`dngs. Nd pcindl`üm k`dmd gs nd lcaum`kdk pgrc ncs prcordads s`ougm s`gmkc k`sgôdkcs pcr ncs sdm`tdr`cs, dumqug tgm`gmkc gm lugmtd nd dlgptdi`n`kdk kg nds `mtgrvgml`cmgs pcr pdrtg kg ncs usudr`cs. Nd lcaum`ldl`üm gs i`k`rgll`cmdn mc gqu`n`irdkd, yd qug ncs prcordads sg rgdn`zdm s`m nd n d pdrt`l`pdl`üm kg nd lcaum`kdk y gn usudr`c lcmt`mòd gm um pdpgn kg sua`s`üm, dumqug kg fcrad aäs sut`n y mc `apcs`t`vd. Kgmtrc kg gstg ackgnc sg gmlugmtrdm dnoumds ldapdôds kg Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d rgdn`zdkds pcr prcfgs`cmdngs kg ncs agk`cs kg lcaum`ldl`üm scl`dn qug sg ldrdltgr`zdm pcr nd ordm k`fus`üm kg ncs agmsd-
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
bgs qug trdmsa`tgm. \g ut`n`zdm tàlm`lds puin`l`tdr`ds p uin`l`tdr`ds pdrd lcmsgou`r nd dtgml`üm kg um pòin`lc y sg kd umd `adogm pcs`t`vd y dtrdlt`vd kg nd sdnuk, act`vdmkc d tgmgr „iugmd sdnuk‑. Kg gstds dll`cmgs mc pugkgm gspgrdrsg ldai`cs kg lcapcrtda`gmtc gspgltdlundrgs, pgrc s` pugkgm fdvcrglgr umd lcml`gml`d lcnglt`vd pcs`t`vd frgmtg d kgtgra`mdkcs prcingads kg sdnuk.
l. Ackgnc Lcaum`td Lcaum`tdr`c r`c c Xdrt`l`pdt`vc Gstg ackgnc fcagmtd gn dutclu`kdkc y nd rgspcmsdi`n`zdl`üm kgn `mk`v`kuc y nd lcaum`kdk gm nd prcacl`üm kg nd sdnuk agk`dmtg nd kgtgll`üm kg prcingads, nd ogst`üm, nd pndm`f`ldl`üm, nd gbglul`üm y nd gvdnudl`üm lcmbumtd lcm ncs sdm`tdr`cs. \g prgtgmkg nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm dlt`vd y rgspcmsding kg ncs usudr`cs gm tckcs ncs m`vgngs kg kgl`s`üm. Dn dlgptdr nd aunt`kgtgra`mdl`üm kg ncs prcingads kg sdnuk sg prcaugvg nd `apn`ldl`üm kg k`fgrgmtgs t`pcs kg prcfgs`cmdngs, dsá lcac kg orupcs c lcnglt`vcs mc sdm`tdr`cs kg nd lcaum`kdk (lgmtrcs lunturdngs, dscl`dl`cmgs kg vgl`mcs y kg lcmsua`kcrgs, orupcs kg dutcdyukd, gtl.). \g trdtd pugs kg um ackgnc lgmtrdkc gm s`stgads mc sdm`tdr`cs. Nd pcindl`üm k`dmd gstä lcmst`tu`kd pcr nd lcaum`kdk y gn s`stgad gs lcaum`ldt`vc, gqu`n`irdkc y i`k`rgll`cmdn. Nd tàlm`ld fumkdagmtdn d ut`n`zdr gs nd k`mäa`ld kg orupcs, gm ncs qug sdm`tdr`cs y usudr`cs t`gmgm umd pdrt`l`pdl`üm dlt`vd y rgspcmsding y daics, d nd vgz, gmsgôdm y dprgmkgm. Ncs `mstruagmtcs d ut`n`zdr scm fumkdagmtdnagmtg nd cisgrvdl`üm pdrt`l`pdmtg, nd scl`dn`zdl`üm kg nd `mfcradl`üm l`gmtáf`ld, nd gsluled kg nd pcindl`üm y nd lcaprgms`üm kg nd k`mäa`ld kg orupc. [ckcs ncs ackgncs l`tdkcs t`gmgm dspgltcs pcs`t`vcs, .`mlcmvgm`gmtgs, y r`gsocs. Nd rgdn`kdk gs aäs lcapngbd y edlg mglgsdr`d nd ut`n`zdl`üm kg aäs kg um ackgnc. Xrcidingagmtg, nd prält`ld kg ncs dltudngs Gqu`pcs kg Dtgml`üm Xr`adr`d sg `kgmt`f`qug lcm gn ackgnc i`caàk`lc y lcm gn prgvgmt`vc, a`gmtrds qug gn ackgnc pdrt`l`pdt`vc sg ednnd aäs gm umd pgrspglt`vd kg futurc.
L. Ctrds tdxcmcaáds kg ncs ackgncs kg Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
d. Ackgncs trdk`l`cmdngs Ackgnc i`caàk`lc2
Ncs prcingads i`cnüo`lcs sg s`tòdm d m`vgn `mk`v`kudn, pcr nc qug nds dlt`v`kdkgs `rádm cr`gmtdkds dn `mk`v`kuc \g pdrtg kg nd idsg kg qug gn `mk`v`kuc pdkglg umd gmfgragkdk kg lcapcrtda`gmtc, y gn ackgnc aàk`lc kgig iusldr su gt`cncoád, pdrd trdtdr ncs fdltcrgs kg r`gsoc lcapcrtdagmtdngs yd drrd`odkcs, gm nuodr kg prgvgm`rncs. Gm gstg ackgnc, nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk mc mglgs`td prgclupdrsg pcr agk`kds kg `mtgordl`üm scl`dn, m` kg lrgdr umd dlt`tuk fdvcrding edl`d gnnd (ncs prcingads scm aàk`lcs, y nc scm kgn `mk`v`kuc). Gn acagmtc aäs cpcrtumc pdrd `apdrt`r nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk gs ludmkc gn usudr`c lcmtdltd lcm gn s`stgad sdm`tdr`c, s`gmkc ncs prcfgs`cmdngs sdm`tdr`cs ncs aäs dprcp`dkcs pdrd kgsdrrcnndrnd Ackgnc lcmv`ll`cmdn c kg lrggml`ds kg sdnuk2
Dlgmtòd gn pdpgn kg nds lrggml`ds y lcmv`ll`cmgs lcac pr`ml`pdngs fdltcrgs act`vdkcrgs Gstg ackgnc trdtd kg gxpn`ldr nds kgl`s`cmgs kg ncs `mk`v`kucs gm rgndl`üm lcm dll`cmgs prgvgmt`vds rglcagmkdkds. G4 qug um `mk`v`kuc s`od c mc gstds rglcagmkdl`cmgs prgvgmt`vds y/c tgrdpàut`lds gstä gstä gm fuml`üm kg umd sgr`g kg lrggml`ds. Ackgnc `mfcradt`vc
Dlgmtòd gn lcmlgptc e`o`gm`std dn `apdrt`r lcmcl`a`gmtcs scirg \dnuk d dqugnncs qug sg supcmg scm pcirgs gm `kgds scirg gn ackc kg gv`tdr c lcaidt`r nd gmfgragkdk (CA\, 405;). Nd pgkdocoád trdk`l`cmdn gs nd prctdocm`std, kdmkc nuodr d umd lcaum`ldl`üm idsdkd gm aàtckcs um`k`rgll`cmdngs. Gstg ackgnc mc gst`aund m` gn rdzcmda`gmtc m` nd lcml`gml`d kg nd prcingaät`ld kg \dnuk, m` dn `mk`v`kuc, m` d nd lcaum`kdk. Dumqug nd `mfcradl`üm gs um gngagmtc vdn`csc gm gn prclgsc gkuldt`vc, mc gs um ackgnc d lcp`dr c nngvdr d ldic kgmtrc kg um Xrcordad kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk. Ackgnc gkuldt`vc
Gstg ackgnc `apn`ld qug, dlgptdmkc gn dmtgr`cr ackgnc `mfcradt`vc, kgig dsgourdrsg gm tckc acagmtc qug nd `mfcradl`üm kdkd gs lcaprgmk`kd Dumqug `mfcradl`üm y lcaprgms`üm scm kcs gtdpds cin`odkds gm tckc prclgsc gkuldt`vc, mc odrdmt`zd ncs ldai`cs kg lcmkultd. Ackgnc pgrsuds`vc-act`vdl`cmdn (Ackgnc J.D.X.)
Gstg ackgnc surog lcac lcmsglugml`d kg nds n`a`tdl`cmgs kg n cs kcs dmtgr`crgs. [dai`àm sg ed kgmca`mdkc lcac „ackgnc prgvgmt`vc‑ c „ackgnc dlt`tuk`mdn‑
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Wmd fugmtg kg lcaum`ldl`üm, lcaum`ldl`üm, prgfgrgmtgagmtg prgfgrgmtgagmtg um prcfgs`cmdn prcfgs`cmdn kgi`kdagmtg ldpdl`tdkc, sg k`r`og d umd pcindl`üm k`dmd y ng trdmsa`tg nd `mfcradl`üm d gstuk`c lcm ncs agbcrgs agk`cs k`spcm`ings d su dnldmlg. - Xgrc gn gn trdidbc mc tgra`md lcm sünc trdmsa`t`r nd `mfcradl`üm (lcac clurrád gm gn ackgnc `mfcradt`vc). Wmd vgz lcaum`ldkcs ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs scirg um tgad gspgláf`lc, sg trdtd kg lcmsgou`r um ldai`c kg dlt`tukgs. - Gsg ldai`c kg dlt`tukgs, dlt`tukgs, sg trdkul`rád gm nd lcmsglul`üm lcmsglul`üm kg umcs eäi`tcs kgtgra`mdkcs kgtgra`mdkcs lcm dmtgr`cr`kdk lcac sdmcs.
i. Ackgncs lnäs`lcs Ncs ackgncs kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk qug sg k`r`ogm sünc dn `mk`v`kuc, dòm lcm gn cibgt`vc kg ack`f`ldr su lcmkultd, edm, rgsuntdkc um frdldsc, y gnnc sg ed kgi`kc, lds` lcm lgrtgzd, dn mc edigr tgm`kc gm lugmtd, d nd ecrd kg prcordadr ncs cibgt`vcs, ncs fdltcrgs scl`dngs kgn agk`c dai`gmtg scl`dn kgn `mk`v`kuc, qug rgsuntdm sgr ncs rgspcmsdings kg lds` nd tctdn`kdk kg ncs prcingads kg \dnuk, kg um ackc k`rgltc c `mk`rgltc. Xcnát`lc glcmüa`lc-glcnüo`lc2
Ed s`kc kgmca`mdkc tdai`àm, ackgnc rdk`ldn, g `mlnusc ackgnc glcnüo`lc y ackgnc dai`gmtdn`std. Gmfcqug rdk`ldnagmtg k`st`mtc. Lcml`ig nd \dnuk kgmtrc kg nd v`kd euadmd y s`m sgpdrdrnd kg nd gstrulturd scl`dn kcmkg sg prckulg gsd v`kd. Ncs kgfgmscrgs kg gstg ackgnc df`radm qug gn m`vgn kg \dnuk kgpgmkg gm ordm agk`kd kgn m`vgn glcmüa`lc kg ncs orupcs kg pcindl`üm. Dicodm pcr nds lndsgs aäs kgsfdvcrgl`kds, pugstc qug nd pcirgzd gs rgdnagmtg um ordm lcmk`l`cmdmtg kg nd gmfgragkdk.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
Gn `mk`v`kuc gmfgrad pcrqug gs pcirg t`gmg qug rgdn`zdr um odstc adycr: y gstdrä aäs gmfgrac d agk`kd qug sg vdyd lcmv`rt`gmkc gm aäs pcirg. Nds dlt`tukgs gkuldt`vds kg ncs gkuldkcrgs sdm`tdr`cs kgigrádm `r k`r`o`kds mc scnc dn `mk`v`kuc y agk`c dai`gmtg `magk`dtc (fda`n`d, da`ocs), s`mc tdai`àm dn agk`c dai`gmtg scl`dn: gs kgl`r, `mfnugml`dr d nd cp`m`üm pòin`ld, ncs pcnát`lcs, gn agk`c ndicrdn y gslcndr, gtl., lcm gn f`m kg lcmsgou`r nd lcrrgll`üm kg ncs fdltcrgs kgn agk`c dai`gmtg qug tdmtc `mfnuygm gm nd \dnuk kg nd lcaum`kdk.
l. Mugvcs ackgncs Kgsdrrcnnc pgrscmdn
Gn Ackgnc kg Kgsdrrcnnc Xgrscmdn, lcms`stg fumkdagmtdnagmtg gm fdl`n`tdr dn `mk`v`kuc gn t`pc kg gngll`üm kgi`kdagmtg `mfcradkd, qug prgv`dagmtg edirgacs lcms`kgrdkc lcac umc kg mugstrcs cibgt`vcs ([cmgs, I.J. 405?) Xdrd lcmsgou`rnc sg edm kg gstdinglgr dnoumds gstrdtgo`ds kgst`mdkds d prcacvgr lrggml`ds y dlt`tukgs fdvcrdings gm crkgm d k`fgr`r nd rglcapgmsd `magk`dtd, d ldai`c kg um sustdml`dn igmgf`l`c gm um futurc mc auy ngbdmc. Vdnod lcac gbgapnc gn eglec kg kgbdr kg fuadr lcm v`stds d lcmsgou`r umd aäs ndrod y lüackd v`kd. Ctrd kg nds gstrdtgo`ds `rád gmlda`mdkd d duagmtdr gn lcmtrcn `mtgrmc kgn `mk`v`kuc, gn nclus `mtgrmc kg lcmtrcn, `mtgmtdmkc rglusdr nds lrggml`ds kg qug nd v`kd y nd sdnuk scirg tckc, gstäm lcmtrcndkds pcr gn kgst`mc y pcr gn pckgr kgn oci`grmc oci`grmc (Xcnd`md Ncrgmtg, 405?). \` gn `mk`v`kuc sg vdncrd y sg rgspgtd d sá a`sac, gstdrä aäs ldpdl`tdkc mc scnc p drd rgspcmkgr agbcr d um ackgnc gkuldt`vc, s`mc qug pckrád rgs`st`r agbcr nds prgs`cmgs kgn agk`c dai`gmtg scl`dn, qug ng pugkgm lcmkul`r d eäi`tcs mc sdnukdings. Ackgnc kg pdrt`l`pdl`üm y lcaprca`sc
Gstg ackgnc rglcog ncs gngagmtcs lcms`kgrdkcs lcac pcs`t`vcs kg ncs ackgncs dmtgr`crgs. \g trdtd kg s`tudr nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk kgmtrc kg um adrlc kg euadm`zdl`üm qug kdrád nuodr d nd n`igrdl`üm kgn `mk`v`kuc gm nd scl`gkdk kg nd qug fcrad pdrtg y gm nd qug dltòd. Aäs qug um ackgnc gkuldt`vc, gs um aàtckc d sgou`r gm gn prclgsc gkuldt`vc luyd lndvg agtckcnüo`ld gstr`id gm nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm y gn k`äncoc gmtrg gn `mk`v`kuc, gn prcfgs`cmdn gkuldkcr sdm`tdr`c y ncs k`fgrgmtgs a`gaircs kg nd lcaum`kdk. Ackgnc prdoaät`lc
Wmd ack`f`ldl`üm kurdkgrd kg nd lcmkultd euadmd gs umd tdrgd gxtrgadkdagmtg lcapngbd y k`fál`n, y qug dòm mc t`gmg umd scnul`üm lndrd qug pugkd lcmvgrt`rsg gm nd pdmdlgd kg nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk. Xckgacs kgl`r qug gn agk`c dai`gmtg scl`dn, y gn qug pckrádacs kgmca`mdr scl`c -pcnát`lc, t`gmg um prctdocm`sac gspgl`dn gm gn prclgsc gkuldt`vc kg nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk, pcm`gmkc kg rgn`gvg qug sus `mtgrvgml`cmgs mc kgigm `r k`r`o`kds sünc dn `mk`v`kuc. Gn ackgnc üpt`ac tgmkrád pugs umd idsg aunt`fdltcr`dn, dkcptdmkc dpcrtdl`cmgs kg ncs ackgncs „pgrsuds`vc act`vdl`cmdn‑ y „pcnát`lc-glcmüa`lc-glcnüo`lc‑, pcr nc qug sg pckrád kgmca`mdr „ACKGNC XYDOAÄ[@LC‑, qug gs s`m kukd gn aäs dlgptdkc gm nd dltudn`kdk pcr nd adycrád kg ncs gkuldkcrgs sdm`tdr`cs.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
Gn Ackgnc Xrdoaät`lc sg idsd gm qug su gstrdtgo`d kg `mtgrvgml`üm kgig `r k`r`o`kd dn `mk`v`kuc, agk`dmtg lcaum`ldl`cmgs pgrsuds`vds y act`vdkcrds, dn t`gapc qug kgig `ml`k`r, agk`dmtg ngygs dprcidkds pcr ncs pdrndagmtcs kgaclrät`lcs, scirg gn agk`c dai`gmtg scl`dn, lcm gn f`m kg lcmvgrt`rnc gm fdvcrding dn ldai`c kg lcmkultd qug kgsgdacs. Nd prcp`d C.A.\. dlgptd y prglcm`zd gstg ackgnc prdoaät`lc kgskg edlg dôcs, sgôdndmkc qug mc s`rvg kg mdkd `mtgmtdr ack`f`ldr ncs eäi`tcs `msdmcs kg nd pcindl`üm s`m dltudr dn a`sac t`gapc scirg nds k`agms`cmgs glcmüa`lds y scl`cpcnát`lds qug `ml`kgm gm gn prcingad. Ackgnc `mtgordkcr
Gn Ackgnc @mtgordkcr (\ämlegz Adrtcs, B. 4.008) mdlg kgi`kc d nd lcmt`mud mglgs`kdk kg rglcms`kgrdr nds auleds pcsturds dltudngs qug adrldm nds tgmkgml`ds y ackgncs kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d pdrd nd \dnuk, idsdmkc su gstrulturd fumkdagmtdnagmtg gm gn ackgnc prdoaät`lc. Dsá pugs, gs mglgsdr`c qug nd crodm`zdl`üm kg um Xndm Mdl`cmdn kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk gstà rgo`kd pcr nds gstrulturds sdm`tdr`ds kgn Oci`grmc, pgrc kg ackc lcmbumtc lcm nds gkuldt`vds, kgi`gmkc gstdinglgr gstrdtgo`ds lcaumgs, y rgldygmkc nd rgspcmsdi`n`kdk aäx`ad scirg gn pgrscmdn sdm`tdr`c kgi`kdagmtg ldpdl`tdkc, y mc òm`ldagmtg scirg gn pgrscmdn aàk`lc, lcac dnoòm ackgnc kd d gmtgmkgr. Gnnc mc qu`grg kgl`r qug ncs òm`lcs prcfgs`cmdngs qug kgigm `mtgordr gstg ackgnc sgdm ncs sdm`tdr`cs, pugstc qug gn ackgnc `mtgordkcr kgf`gmkg nd gx`stgml`d kg um gqu`pc mc sünc aunt`k`sl`pn`mdr s`mc `mtgrk`sl`pn`mdr, ga`mgmtgagmtg dlt`vc y pdrt`l`pdt`vc, pgrc gm tckc acagmtc lcm umd gstrulturd idsg, qug kgig rgldidr k`fgrgmtgs prcordads kg fcradl`üm pdrd tckcs dqugnncs prcfgs`cmdngs c a`gaircs qug pdrt`l`pgm kg umc u ctrc ackc gm um prcordad kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk. Gm ludmtc d nd ack`f`ldl`üm kg nd lcmkultd, lcac cibgt`vc pr`cr`tdr`c kg gstg ackgnc `mtgordkcr, gmtgmkgacs lcac um `apcrtdmtg fdltcr act`vdkcr qug sg ed kg tgmgr s`gaprg gm lugmtd, gn m`vgn scl`dn kg lrggml`ds y lcmv`ll`cmgs kg ncs `mk`v`kucs qug lcmfcradm mugstrd pcindl`üm k`dmd, pctgml`dmkc lcm nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm kg tckcs gn fcagmtc kgn dutclu`kdkc, nd prgvgml`üm y gn luapn`a`gmtc tgrdpàut`lc.
<.< Aàtckcs y agk`cs kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Gm 407;, gn Lca`tà, kg nd C.A.\., gxpgrtc gm Gkuldl`üm. \dm`tdr`d, k`v`k`ü gm kcs ordmkgs orupcs ncs aàtckcs pdrd gkuldr dn `mk`v`kuc, dtgmk`gmkc d nds ldrdltgrást`lds kg nd rgndl`üm gmtrg gn ga`scr y gn rglgptcr. Ncs orupcs c aàtckcs sg lnds`f`ldm gm2
D. Aàtckcs I@K@YGLL@CMDNG\ c sclrät`lcs Gm gstg t`pc kg aàtckcs gx`stg um `mtgrldai`c dlt`vc, gmtrg gn gkuldkcr y g4 gkuldmkc. Ncs kcs aàtckcs i`k`rgll`cmdngs pcr gxlgngml`d gm nd gkuldl`üm scm2 - Nd gmtrgv`std gm nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d `mk`v`kudn`zdkd. - Nd k`slus`üm kg orupc kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d orupdn.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
I. Aàtckcs WM@K@YGLL@CMDNG\ Gm gnncs gn agmsdbg sg cr`gmtd gm umd òm`ld k`rgll`üm, pcr nc qug mc edy pcs`i`n`kdk kg `mtgrldai`c gmtrg gn ga`scr y gn rglgptcr. Gn gkuldmkc mc pugkg k`slut`r gn agmsdbg lcm gn gkuldkcr m` pgk`r dlndrdl`cmgs. Ncs fcnngtcs, pgr`ük`lcs, rdk`c y tckcs ncs agk`cs kg lcaum`ldl`üm kg adsds scm um`k`rgll`cmdngs Gstd lnds`f`ldl`üm prgsgmtd gn `mlcmvgm`gmtg kg qug dnoumcs aàtckcs, lcac nd lndsg c nd ledrnd, scm k`fál`ngs kg `mlnu`r gm umc u ctrc orupc. Xcr gstg act`vc, \dnngrds prcpusc ctrd lnds`f`ldl`üm, idsdkd gm nd rgndl`üm kg lgrldmád c k`stdml`d gm gn t`gapc y/c gn gspdl`c gmtrg gn gkuldkcr y gn gkuldmkc.
L. Aàtckcs K@YGL[C\ K`r`o`kcs d `mk`v`kucs c orupcs. Gm gnncs gx`stg umd rgndl`üm k`rgltd gmtrg gn ga`scr y gn rglgptcr. \g ut`n`zd nd pdndird edindkd lcm dyukd kg ctrcs rglurscs k`kält`lcs (trdmspdrgml`ds, k`dpcs`t`vds) c s`m gnncs.
K. Aàtckcs @MK@YG @MK@YGL[C\ L[C\ K`r`o`kcs d `mk`v`kucs, orupcs c lcnglt`v`kdkgs. Gm gnncs gx`stg umd k`stdml`d gm gn t`gapc y/c gn gspdl`c gmtrg gn ga`scr y gn rglgptcr. Gstg t`pc kg aàtckcs ut`n`zd umd ordm k`vgrs`kdk kg rglurscs tàlm`lcs lcai`mdkcs2 pdndird gslr`td c edindkd, `aäogmgs, scm`kcs, gtl. Gm ogmgrdn, nd gf`ldl`d kgn aàtckc vdrád sgoòm nd rgndl`üm qug sg gstdinglg gmtrg gn ga`scr y gn rglgptcr. Ludmtc aäs gstrgled sgd gstd `mtgrdll`üm, adycr sgrä nd gf`ldl`d kgn aàtckc. Dnoumcs gbgapncs kg aàtckcs um`k`rgll`cmdngs scm2 - Ledrnds kg \dnuk - Xrcvgri`cs - Fäiunds - Lugmtcs - Gstuk`cs kg ldscs - Ldrtgngs - Yctdfcn`cs - Kgacstrdl`cmgs - Gxpcs`l`cmgs - Frdmgnüordfcs - Fctcordfáds - Ordidl`cmgs gm l`mtd - Xgnálunds - Xgr`ük`lcs - [gngv`s`üm
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Agk`cs ncldngs - Adtgr`dn prcygltding - Ygv`stds Xuin`ldl`cmgs. - Krdadt`zdl`cmgs. Ncs aàtckcs i`k`rgll`mdngs scm ncs aäs rglcagmkdings pdrd nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d pcrqug pgra`tgm umd adycr pdrt`l`pdl`üm kgn usudr`c y nd `mtgrdll`üm lcm gn prcfgs`cmdn. Gstcs aàtckcs `mlnuygm tàlm`lds gkuldt`vds, lcac gn k`äncoc y nd k`slus`üm gm orupc. Gx`stgm aàtckcs qug pgrtgmgl`gmkc d ldtgocráds kg nd lnds`f`ldl`üm um`-i`k`rgll`cmdn, tdai`àm sg pugkgm gmludkrdr kgmtrc kg nd lnds`f`ldl`üm k`rgltcs-`mk`rgltcs. Ncs aàtckcs k`rgltcs kg Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d aäs ut`n`zdkcs scm2 ¿
Gn k`äncoc.
¿
Nd lndsg.
¿
Nd ledrnd.
¿
Nd k`slus`üm gm orupc.
Ncs aàtckcs `mk`rgltcs aäs ut`n`zdkcs gm Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d scm2 ¿
Agk`cs v`sudngs - Ldrtgngs-aurdngs - Fcnngtcs-puin`ldl`cmgs - Xrgmsd
¿
Agk`cs scmcrcs - Nd rdk`c - Ordidl`cmgs
¿
Agk`cs duk`cv`sudngs - X`zdrrd -
Xüstgr
- Frdmgncordad - [rdmspdrgml`ds - K`dpcs`t`vds - L`mg - Vákgc - [gngv`s`üm.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
G. Gkuldl`üm pdrd dn sdnuk `mk`v`kudn d. Gn K`äncoc Gn k`äncoc ed kg gmtgmkgrsg lcac nd lcmvgrsdl`üm gmtrg kcs pgrscmds, gkuldkcr y gkuldmkc, y lcms`stg gm `mtgmtdr trdmsa`t`r umd sgr`g kg `kgds d trdvàs kgn rdzcmda`gmtc nüo`lc. Gm mugstrc ldsc gs lcmcl`kc tdai`àm lcm gn mcairg kg gmtrgv`std sdm`tdr`d, qug lcms`st`rä gm dpn`ldr gn k`äncoc gmtrg ludnqu`gr dogmtg kg Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d y gn `mk`v`kuc `mk` v`kuc sdmc c gmfgrac. Gm gn prclgsc kg gkuldl`üm (Gmfgragrd/c-Wsudr`c), (Gmfgragrd/c-Wsudr`c), dkgaäs kg k`spcmgr kg ncs lcmcl`a`gmtc lcmcl`a`gmtcss y agtckcncoád dkgludkd, gn gkuldkcr ed kg sgr ldpdz kg edlgr qug nd ctrd pgrscmd sg gmlugmtrg rgndbdkd, tgmod lcmf`dmzd, qug gxprgsg sus kukds g `mqu`gtukgs, y nc qug gs dòm aäs `apcrtdmtg, qug tgmod nd `mtgml`üm kg luapn`r y lcaprcagtgrsg lcm gn ldai`c. Gmtrg ncs rgpgrtcr`cs y edi`n`kdkgs qug sg pugkgm rgsdntdr gm um prclgsc gkuldt`vc, vdacs d agml`cmdr kg fcrad gsqugaät`ld ncs s`ou`gmtgs2 - A`rdkd2 Gs `apcrtdmtg admtgmgr nd a`rdkd (lcmtdltc v`sudn) a`gmtrds sg kdm `mstrull`cmgs y ludmkc nd ctrd pgrscmd mcs prgoumtd c gxpcmg sus kukds. ku kds. - Lcmtrcn pcsturdn2 Kgig lcmtrcndrsg nd pcsturd pdrd fdl`n`tdr d nds pgrscmds nd duk`l`üm y gn admgbc kg agk`cs. [dai`àm gs mglgsdr`c „admgbdr‑ gn lugrpc kg fcrad rgndbdkd y k`stgmk`kd pdrd `mfnu`r gm gn lcmtgxtc gkuldt`vc pcs`t`vdagmtg. - [cmc y vcnuagm kg vcz2 vcz2 Xdrd edlgr edlgr qug nds `mstrull`cmg `mstrull`cmgss y gxpn`ldl`cmgs gxpn`ldl`cmgs sgdm sgdm lndrds, edm kg prcmuml`drsg lcm um tcmc y vcnuagm dkgludkc d nd s`tudl`üm. Xcmgr àmfds`s gm nds gxprgs`cmgs ludmkc sgd mglgsdr`c pdrd mc lrgdr um k`slursc acmütcmc qug ldmsg dn `mtgrnclutcr. - Gsluled dlt`vd2 dlt`vd2 A`rdr c dlgrldrmcs d nds pgrscmds pgrscmds ludmkc mcs edindm mc gs suf`l`gmtg suf`l`gmtg s` sg qu`grg kdr d gmtgmkgr qug sg gstä lcaprgmk`gmkc su `mfcradl`üm. Gs mglgsdr`c rgpgt`r c rgsua`r nc qug gn `mtgrnclutcr k`lg pdrd qug gn lcmf`rag s` gs lcrrgltc gn lcmtgm`kc. Kg gstd fcrad, gn gkuldkcr rgfngbd qug gstä dlt`vc gm nd lcmvgrsdl`üm. - Admgbc kg nd n`irg `mfcradl`üm2 Gm dnoumcs ldscs prd lrgdr um ln`ad k`stgmk`kc k`stgmk`kc y kg lcmf`dmzd, y tdai`àm pdrd citgmgr adycr `mfcradl`üm, sg kgig ut`n`zdr tckd nd „n`irg‑ `mfcradl`üm qug fdl`n`tg gn `mtgrnclutcr. Agk`dmtg gn admgbc kg gstd `mfcradl`üm sg nngodm d gstdinglgr lcmvgrsdl`cmgs gspcmtämgds y ordt`f`ldmtgs qug pgra`tgm dn gkuldkcr rgndbdr gm kgtgra`mdkcs acagmtcs gn dai`gmtg. - Edlgr lrát`lds2 lrát`lds2 Wm iugm gkuldkcr sdig edlgr umd lrát`ld lcmstrult`vd ,qug mc gs gs aäs qug kgl`r rgspgtucsd y gkuldkdagmtg d ctrd pgrscmd qug sg gqu`vcld, y qug kgskg su pumtc kg v`std gx`stgm ctrds dntgrmdt`vds, d nd s`tudl`üm, dkv`rt`gmkc qug nd kgl`s`üm sgr rgspgtdkd. - Ygl`i`r lrát`lds2 \digr dlgptdr lrát`lds y scirg tckc ludmkc gstds scm mgodt`vds gx`og um l`grtc lcmtrcn. Xdrglg sgr qug nc aäs dkgludkc gs kgsv`dr nd lrát`ld, dpdrtdrnd, c s` sg vg lcmvgm`gmtg rgspcmkgr lcm umd prgoumtd qug p`kd adycr lndr`kdk scirg nd s`tudl`üm. Ludmkc nds lrát`lds scm lcmstrult`vds sg kgig dordkglgr nd cisgrvdl`üm y lcaum`ldr mugstrds gacl`cmgs y kgl`s`cmgs dn rgspgltc. Ygsua`gmkc2 \DIGY G\LWLEDY, \DIGY LCMVGY\DY, P \DIGY DLCM\GBDY.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
i. Nd Lndsg Nd lndsg tgür`ld sg idsd gm nd gxpcs`l`üm y gxpn`ldl`üm crdn kg um tgad kgtgra`mdkc pgrc, lcac ludnqu`gr ctrd dlt`v`kdk k`kält`ld, rgqu`grg qug gn gkuldkcr tgmod prgsgmtgs ncs cibgt`vcs qug prgtgmkg luir`r lcm gn tgad d gxpcmgr. Kgigrä tgmgr gm lugmtd ncs dspgltcs kg nd lcaum`ldl`üm vgridn y mc vgridn, n cs k`fgrgmtgs tcmcs kg vcz d ut`n`zdr gm ldkd acagmtc, gn usc kg um ngoudbg lndrc y nd `mlnus`üm kg tàlm`lds y aàtckcs kg gmsgôdmzd (k`mäa`ld ( k`mäa`ld kg orupcs, p`zdrrd, prcygll`cmgs, gtl.). Gm tàra`mcs ogmgrdngs, sg dlcmsgbd ut`n`zdr gstg aàtckc kurdmtg kurdmtg mc aäs kg <8 c ;8 a`mutcs, s`gaprg lcm dpcyc kg ncs agk`cs duk`cv`sudngs, y dldidmkc lcm um pgráckc kg rgsuagm y lcmlnus`cmgs qug pctgml`gm nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm kg ncs ds`stgmtgs.
l. Nd Ledrnd Gs umc kg ncs aàtckcs aäs ut`n`zdkcs gm nd dltudn`kdk pdrd kgsdrrcnndr umd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk k`r`o`kd d orupcs aäs c agmcs muagrcscs kg nd lcaum`kdk (dscl`dl`cmgs kg vgl`mcs, pdkrgs, gtl.). \`m gaidroc, d pgsdr kg sgr auy ut`n`zdkd, pclds vglgs sg cit`gmg um ordm rgmk`a`gmtc kgi`kc d mc tgmgr gm lugmtd nds rgonds aám`ads pdrd su kgsdrrcnnc. - Kgig sgr sgr prcacl`cmdkd prcacl`cmdkd pcr gn orupc `mtgrgsdkc d trdvàs kg sus nákgrgs scl`dngs - Gn crdkcr kgig sgr lcmclgkcr kgn tgad y oczdr kg rglcmcl`kc rglcmcl`kc prgst`o`c prgst`o`c pdrd gn gn orupc - Gn tgad gngo`kc gngo`kc kgig rgspcmkgr rgspcmkgr d ncs kgsgcs, kgsgcs, mglgs`kdkgs g `mtgrgsgs kgn orupc scl`dn scl`dn dn qug sg k`r`og nd ledrnd - Nd lcmk`l`cmgs lcmk`l`cmgs kgn ncldn edm kg sgr üpt`ads pdrd pgra`t`r nd i`k`rgll`üm kgsgdkd kgsgdkd - Nd kurdl`üm kurdl`üm kgig sgr irgvg, mc gxlgk`gmkc gxlgk`gmkc ncs ncs <8 ü ;8 a`mutcs. - Gn ngmoudbg ut`n`zdkc kgig dkdptdrsg d nd agmtdn`kdk y lunturd lunturd kg ncs cygmtgs. cygmtgs. - Gn gsqugad kg nd ledrnd kgig gstdr `mtgordkc pcr umd `mtrckull`üm, umd gxpcs`l`üm gxpcs`l`üm kg `kgds, um rgsuagm f`mdn y umd k`slus`üm gmtrg gn crdkcr y ncs cygmtgs. - Gs `apcrtdmtg gn dpcyc kg ncs agk`cs duk`cv`sudngs - Ludmkc trdtdacs trdtdacs prcordads prcordads gspgláf`lcs, gspgláf`lcs, lcac lcac pugkg sgr gn kg nd krcockgpgmkgml`d, sg ed kg tgmgr gm lugmtd tdai`àm qug gn mòagrc kg pgrscmds csl`ng gmtrg 97 ü <8.
F. Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk orupdn Dmtgs kg gmtrdr d dmdn`zdr nds k`st`mtds tàlm`lds kg k`slus`üm kg trdidbc gm orupc, gs mglgsdr`c gstdinglgr um aám`ac kg rgonds iäs`lds pdrd su lcrrgltd ut`n`zdl`üm2 - \g trdtd kgn agbcr aàtckc pdrd lcmsgou`r, mc sünc umd dkqu`s`l`üm kg lcmcl`a`gmtcs, lcmcl`a`gmtcs, s`mc s`mc umd ack`f`ldl`üm kg lcmkultds, cibgt`vc pr`cr`tdr`c kg tckc prcordad kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk. - Nd gxpcs`l`üm gxpcs`l`üm kg nds cp`m`cmgs kg ncs a`gaircs kgn kgn orupc pgra`tg umd lcmfrcmtdl`üm kg sus `kgds y umd lcapngagmtdl`üm kg ncs k`st`mtcs pumtcs kg v`std scirg gn dsumtc.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Gn tgad kgig sgr kg `mtgràs pdrd tckcs y ldkd umc kg ncs a`gaircs kg um orupc, ncs ludngs kgigm lcmclgrnc dumqug sgd supgrf`l`dnagmtg, dmtgs kg lcagmzdr nd k`slus`üm. - Gn mòagrc `kgdn kg a`gaircs kg ldkd orupc mc kgig gxlgkgr kg 49 d 47 pgrscmds, tgm`gmkc gm gm lugmtd ncs dlcapdôdmtgs c fda`n`drgs, ludmkc gn ldsc gspgláf`lc nc rgqu`grd. - Gn dogmtg kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk kgig pdrt`l`pdr gm gn orupc lcac dm`adkcr, pctgml`dmkc nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm kg tckcs sus a`gaircs y dyukdmkc d gstdinglgr um dkgludkc dai`gmtg kg trdidbc y, f`mdnagmtg, nds lcmlnus`cmgs kgf`m`t`vds. - Gn dogmtg kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk \dnuk kgig pcsggr pcsggr umd dkgludkd fcradl`üm fcradl`üm gm gstg gstg ldsc ldsc kg ackc gspgláf`lc gm gn trdtda`gmtc kg orupcs. Nds k`vgrsds tàlm`lds orupdngs pcsggm ldrdltgrást`lds vdr`dings qug nds edlgm dptds pdrd kgtgra`mdkcs orupcs gm k`st`mtds l`rlumstdml`ds. Nd gngll`üm kg nd tàlm`ld dkgludkd gm ldkd ldsc lcrrgspcmkg ogmgrdnagmtg dn lcmkultcr kgn orupc, sdnvc ludmkc gn orupc gs nc suf`l`gmtgagmtg adkurc lcac pdrd kgl`k`r pcr sá a`sac dn rgspgltc. \g kgigm tgmgr gm lugmtd ncs cibgt`vcs qug sg pgrs`ougm, nd adkurgz y gn gmtrgmda`gmtc kgn orupc, gn tdadôc kgn a`sac, gn dai`gmtg fás`lc, nds ldrdltgrást`lds kgn agk`c gxtgrmc y kg ncs a`gaircs qug nc lcapcmgm. Dnoumds kg nds tàlm`lds aäs `apcrtdmtgs scm2
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
d. Ird`mstcra Ird`mstcra`mo `mo ([cragmtd kg `kgds) Gs umd tàlm`ld kg orupc qug t`gmg pcr cibgtc fdl`n`tdr nd prckull`üm kg um gngvdkc mòagrc kg `kgds mugvds rgndl`cmdkds lcm um prcingad. Nd tcragmtd kg lgrgircs (trdkull`üm n`tgrdn acv`n`zd nd lrgdt`v`kdk kgn orupc, nc qug pgra`tg gndicrdr pcs`ings scnul`cmgs. Gn kgsdrrcnnc kg gstd tàlm`ld gs gn s`ou`gmtg2 - Gn lcmkultcr lcmkultcr prgsgmtd prgsgmtd dn orupc um lcmbumtc kg kdtcs yd yd lcmstru`kcs lcmstru`kcs scirg scirg um prcingad. - \g kgbd d ncs pdrt`l`pdmtgs tctdn n`igrtdk kg gxprgs`üm pdrd qug ga`tdm gn adycr mòagrc pcs`ing kg `kgds. Gs `apcrtdmtg qug gn m`vgn kg gsluled sgd iugmc pdrd prcvcldr y suogr`r dscl`dl`cmgs kg `kgds. - Ncs pdrt`l`pdmtgs, pdrt`l`pdmtgs, idbc nd lcmkull`üm lcmkull`üm kgn prcfgscr, prcfgscr, gxtrdgm gxtrdgm nds `kgds gsgml`dngs, gsgml`dngs, nds rgdorupdm rgdorupdm y sg kgsgledm nds rgpgt`kds c mc s`om`f`ldt`vds. [ckc gnnc kgsgaicld gm nd gngll`üm kg pcs`ings scnul`cmgs c námgds kg trdidbc sgoòm gn cibgt`vc pgrsgou`kc.
i. Gn gstuk`c kg ldscs Gs gn aàtckc dlt`vc aäs lcmcl`kc y ut`n`zdkc gm nd dltudn`kdk. Ncs ldscs kgigm gstdr rgndl`cmdkcs lcm ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs prgv`cs kg ncs a`gaircs kgn orupc y kgigm suro`r kg umd fcrad mdturdn d pdrt`r kg nd fcraundl`üm kg um prcingad, aäs qug kg umd fcrad dri`trdr`d c `rrgngvdmtg. Gn prcfgscr mc kgig rgscnvgr gn ldsc, s`mc qug su trdidbc gs dm`adr y cr`gmtdr dn dnuamc pdrd lcaprgmkgr nd mdturdngzd kgn prcingad, prcvcldr nd k`slus`üm gmtrg gnncs y gmsgôdrngs d iusldr nd scnul`üm gm gqu`pc.
l. Aàtckc kg rcng-pndy`mo Gstg aàtckc `kgdkc pcr B.N. Acrgmc, dnuamc kg \`oaumk Frguk, gs tdai`àm lcmcl`kc pcr ncs tàra`mcs kg Xs`lckrdad y \cl`ckrdad. Gn rcng-pndy`mo gs umd rgprgsgmtdl`üm gslàm`ld gm nd qug umd pgrscmd dkcptd tgapcrdnagmtg um pdpgn gspgláf`lc y trdtd kg lcapcrtdrsg kg nd admgrd ldrdltgrást`ld kgn `mk`v`kuc qug rgprgsgmtd. Gn rgstc kgn orupc cisgrvd nd dltudl`üm pdrd pckgr rgdn`zdr umd k`slus`üm pcstgr`cr. p cstgr`cr. Gx`stgm kcs t`pcs kg rcng-pndy`mo. ¿
G\[YWL[WYDKC. Gn gkuldkcr k`str`iuyg ncs pdpgngs y gspgl`f`ld lndrdagmtg luängs luängs scm nds mcrads pdrd ncs dltcrgs scirg gn lcmtgm`kc kg nd k`slus`üm y su kgsdrrcnnc. Gstd tàlm`ld pgra`tg um prcfumkc dmän`s`s kg ncs prcingads y kg nds lcmkultds `mk`v`kudngs.
¿
Mc G\[YWL[WYDKC. G\[YWL[WYDKC. Gn gkuldkcr pugkg sgngll`cmdr c mc ncs dltcrgs, dltcrgs, pgrc mc kd nds mcrads lcmlrgtds scirg gn lcmtgm`kc y gn kgsdrrcnnc kg nd dll`üm lcac gm gn ldsc dmtgr`cr. Lcm gstd tàlm`ld sg p`grkg nd pcs`i`n`kdk kg rgdn`zdr um dmän`s`s prcfumkc, pgrc t`gmg nd vgmtdbd kg qug pugkgm kgsluir`rsg mugvcs ackgncs kg dll`üm, kg gspcmtdmg`kdk y kg Fggkidlj, yd qug ncs dltcrgs prgsgmtdm mugvds s`tudl`cmgs d agk`kd qug dvdmzd nd rgprgsgmtdl`üm.
k. Xe`n`p Xe`n`pss 6.6 Gn mcairg kg gstd tàlm`ld kgr`vd kg su lrgdkcr B. Kcmdnk Xe`n`ps, qu`gm gstdinglg, kgskg um orupc muagrcsc, suiorupcs kg 6 pgrscmds qug k`slutgm um tgad gspgláf`lc kurdmtg 6 a`mutcs, nngodmkc d umds lcmlnus`cmgs qug pcstgr`cragmtg prgsgmtdräm dn orupc cr`o`mdn.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
g. [àlm`ld kgn lule`le lule`legc gc Gstd tàlm`ld lcms`stg gm k`v`k`r um orupc gm pdrgbds qug trdtdm um tgad kgtgra`mdkc gm ldkd acagmtc, gm vcz idbd pdrd mc acngstdr d ncs kgaäs d nd vgz qug pdrd lcmsgou`r umd adycr pdrt`l`pdl`üm dn rgsuntdr aám`ad nd `me`i`l`üm gm gstg ldsc. Kg gstg ackc tckc gn orupc trdidbd s`auntämgdagmtg scirg um a`sac dsumtc, y gm pclcs a`mutcs pugkg citgmgrsg umd cp`m`üm lcapdrt`kd scirg umd tctdn`kdk.
f. [àlm`ld [àlm`ld kgn ruacr Nd gxpgr`gml`d lcms`stg gm kgacstrdr v`vgml`dnagmtg dnoumcs kg ncs dspgltcs kg nd lrgdl`üm kgn ruacr lcmlrgtdagmtg, lüac d trdvàs kg sulgs`vds vgrs`cmgs scirg um a`sac eglec, sg vd ack`f`ldmkc nd rgdn`kdk gm ncs tgst`acm`cs kg ncs trdmsa`scrgs. Gstd tàlm`ld orupdn kgn ruacr sugng edlgrsg lcm kcs t`pcs kg gstáauncs, i`gm oräf`lc c i`gm vgridn. Ncs gngagmtcs qug fcradm pdrtg dlt`vd kg nd prugid kgigm trdmsa`t`rsg nc qug edm v`stc u cákc kg umc d ctrc ndkc, nc ludn cfrglg f`mdnagmtg um tgst`acm`c idstdmtg kgsf`ourdkc kg nd rgdn`kdk.
O. Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk lcaum`tdr`d Nd lcaum`kdk sg k`fgrgml`d kg nd scl`gkdk gm, qug àstd gs um lcmoncagrdkc aulec adycr, egtgrcoàmgc lcm pgrf`ngs scl`cglcmüa`lcs auy vdr`dkcs, y gs dutcsuf`l`gmtg. Kgmtrc kg umd scl`gkdk pugkgm lcgx`st`r auleds lcaum`kdkgs. Ldrdltgrást`lds lcaumgs lcaumgs d nds lcaum`kdkgs (Aurrdy Yc\s, Al A`nn`dm, A`nn`dm , L. _drg, E. \dm Adrtám, gtl.) - Orupcs kg pcindl`üm crodm`zdkcs g `mtgrrgndl`cmdkcs. - Gm umd zcmd c rgo`üm ogcoräf`ld ogcoräf`ld (uridmd, rurdn c a`xtd) i`gm kgn`a`tdkd (lcaum`kdk ogcoräf`ld). ogcoräf`ld). - Wm l`grtc l`grtc ordkc kg `mtgordl`üm `mtgordl`üm prckul`kc d trdvàs kg gxpgr`gml`ds gxpgr`gml`ds lcapcrtda`gmtcs lcapcrtda`gmtcs scl`dngs s`a`ndrgs. - Wm l`grtc l`grtc ordkc kg lcmsl`gml`d lcmsl`gml`d kg nd um`kdk (àtm`ld, lunturdn, scl`dn) ncldn. ncldn. - Wm l`grtc ordkc kg um`kdk gm nd dll`üm dll`üm lcnglt`vd, pdrt`lundragmtg lcaumgs lcaumgs y kg dlt`tukgs y agmtg gm ncs orupcs. - Gx`stgml`d kg `mst`tul`cmgs scl`dngs scl`dngs aäs c agmcs kgsdrrcnndkds, kgsdrrcnndkds, gmtrg gmtrg nds qug sg lugmtdm lcac `apcrtdmtgs, ncldnagmtg, nd gkuldl`üm, nd sdnuk, nd bust`l`d, dka`m`strdl`üm ncldn, gtl. M`moòm prcordad kg sdnuk gs rgdnagmtg òt`n s` mc cit`gmg nd dlgptdl`üm kg nd pcindl`üm y su pdrt`l`pdl`üm dlt`vd gm àn. Xcr nc tdmtc, lcac pr`ml`p`c iäs`lcs d nd ecrd kg crodm`zdr y kgsdrrcnndr gstcs prcordads, sg kgig tgmgr gm lugmtd nc s`ou`gmtg2 - Nd Gkuldl`üm Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d kgig tgmgr tgmgr lcac prcpüs`tc fumkdagmtdn nd ldpdl`tdl`üm kg ncs `mk`v`kucs, d f`m kg edlgrncs aäs lcmsl`gmtgs kg sus prcingads y kg nd mglgs`kdk kg iusldr scnul`cmgs d trdvàs kg sus prcp`cs gsfugrzcs. - Kgig sgr sgr pndm`f`ldkd, k`r`o`kd y nngvdkd d ldic ldic lcm nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm y gn lcmsgmt`a`gmtc kg nd lcaum`kdk. - Nd lcaum`kdk lcaum`kdk kgig sgr sgms`i`n`zdk sgms`i`n`zdkdd rgspgltc d sus vgrkdkgrds mglgs`kdkgs, d trdvàs kg umd dll`üm gkuldt`vd scstgm`kd.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Gs mglgsdr`c mglgsdr`c prcacvgr umd dlt`tuk agmtdn agmtdn gm nd pcindl`üm rgspgltc rgspgltc d sus sus prcingads lcaumdngs. Gn ldai`c kg dlt`tuk gs tdm `apcrtdmtg lcac nds rgdn`zdl`cmgs adtgr`dngs. - Ncs pdtrcmgs pdtrcmgs lunturdngs kg nd lcaum`kdk kgigm sgr lcms`kgrdkcs lcms`kgrdkcs y lcmst`tu`r gn pumtc kg pdrt`kd pdrd ncs ldai`cs kgsgdkcs. - Xdrd dsgourdr dsgourdr gn àx`tc kg gstcs prcordads kg gkuldl`üm, sgr`d sgr`d mglgsdr`c mglgsdr`c lcmst`tu`r lcmst`tu`r gqu`pcs kg trdidbc qug dsgourdrdm nd lcmt`mu`kdk kg nds dll`cmgs edstd qug ncs ldai`cs scl`dngs kgsgdkcs sg gstdi`n`lgm. - \grád `kgdn qug gm gstcs prcordads pdrt`l`pdrdm nd lcaum`kdk ncs tàlm`lcs, g `mlnusc ncs aum`l`p`cs y gn Gstdkc. Gstdkc. Gs lcmvgm`gmtg, d nd ecrd kg dpn`ldr scirg umd lcaum`kdk ludnqu`gr prcordad, gn s`stgadt`zdr ncs rglurscs qug pugkgm usdrsg gm kgtgra`mdkc acagmtc, acagmtc, tcadmkc gm lugmtd lugmtd qug gx`stgm s`gaprg trgs t`pcs kg rglurscs2 - Yglurscs euadmcs2 orupcs orupcs kg nd lcaum`kdk, k`r`ogmtgs ncldngs, vcnumtdr`cs qug lccpgrdm. lccpgrdm. - Yglurscs tàlm`lcs g `mst`tul`cmdngs2 `mst`tul`cmdngs2 @mst`tul`cmgs k`vgrsds kg nd lcaum`kdk, prcfgs`cmdngs. prcfgs`cmdngs. - Yglurscs adtgr`dngs2 gstdingl`a`gmtcs lcagrl`dngs g `mkustr`dngs, D nd ecrd kg gndicrdr um Xrcordad dkgludkc kg Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d pdrd umd Lcaum`kdk gspgláf`ld, sg kgigm tgmgr gm lugmtd ncs s`ou`gmtgs fdltcrgs2 - E`stcr`d y gvcnul`üm kg nd lcaum`kdk: lcaum`kdk: m`vgn kg kgsdrrcnnc dltudn. - @mfcradl`üm ogcoräf`ld, tcpcoräf`ld, ln`aät`ld, lcaum`ldl`cmgs, gtl. - Kgacordfád, gstrulturd y k`mäa`ld kg nd pcindl`üm: tgmkgml`ds. - Dlt`tukgs, lcapcrtda`gmtcs scl`dngs, act`vdl`cmgs, lcstuairgs y trdk`l`cmgs, trdk`l`cmgs, lrggml`ds, lrggml`ds, rgn`o`cmgs, rgndl`cmgs `mtgr-orupcs. - Dai`gmtg fás`lc, i`cnüo`lc, lunturdn, scl`dn, ps`lcscl`dn. - @mfcradl`üm scl`cglcmüa`ld2 dlt`v`kdk y prckull`üm, sdndr`cs g `morgscs, lcstc kg v`kd. - @mfcradl`üm gp`kga`cnüo`ld: nd s`tudl`üm s`tudl`üm sdm`tdr`d y gn gn m`vgn kg sdnuk sdnuk kg nd pcindl`üm. - Nds mglgs`kdkgs mglgs`kdkgs sgmt`kds y nds dsp`rdl`cmgs kg nd lcaum`kdk: nd kgadmkd, gn lcmsuac aàk`lc sdm`tdr`c. - Gkuldl`üm. dnfdigt`sac, `mst`tul`cmgs lunturdngs, k`dr`cs, rgv`stds, rgv`stds, i`in`ctglds, ausgcs, gtl. kgpcrtgs y fdl`n`kdkgs pdrd rgdn`zdrncs. - Dlt`tukgs y lcapcrtda`gmtcs frgmtg d nd sdnuk-gmfgragkdk. - Yglurscs euadmcs, prgsupugstcs, gstdingl`a`gmtcs, gtl., pdrd nd sdnuk. - Ncs prgsupugstcs kg nd lcaum`kdk. - Ludnqu`gr ctrd `mfcradl`üm qug pugkd sgr òt`n.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
<.; [àlm`lds kg gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk pdrd gn fcagmtc fcagmtc kgn dutclu`kdkc y prcacl`üm kg nd sdnuk kgn pdl`gmtg, lu`kdkcr pr`ml`pdn y fda`n`d Xckrádacs kgf`m`r gn dutclu`kdkc lcac gn rglcmcl`a`gmtc kg qug nd pctgml`dn`kdk kg nd dutcmcaád y dutcrgspcmsdi`n`kdk gs `mk`spgmsding pdrd tgmgr v`kd k`omd, pngmd y sdnukding. Gm gstg sgmt`kc, gn dutclu`kdkc vd d pgra`t`r dnldmzdr agbcr ldn`kdk kg v`kd. Gm kgf`m`t`vd, nds lcsds qug nd ogmtg edlg pdrd admtgmgrsg sdmd, lcac dn`agmtdrsg i`gm, i` gm, gbgrl`tdrsg, mc fuadr, tcadr dnlcecn lcm ackgrdl`üm, admgbdr gn gstràs, vgr`f`ldr nd sgour`kdk gm gn ecodr y gn trdidbc, admtgmgr su pgsc lcrpcrdn kgmtrc kg um rdmoc sdmc, admgbdr sus f`mdmzds, usdr iugmds prält`lds kg lcaum`ldl`üm, ut`n`zdr l`mturcmgs kg sgour`kdk y prdlt`ldr gn sgxc sgourc. Ncs prcordads kg dutclu`kdkc dutclu`kdkc gmsgôdm d nd ogmtg lüac admgbdr sus sámtcads sámtcads y nd cr`gmtdm dlgrld kg nds agk`kds qug qu g kgigm tcadr rgspgltc d gnncs. Gstg lcmcl`a`gmtc pugkg prcpcrl`cmdr um m`vgn aäs dkgludkc kg lu`kdkcs.
Gn dutclu`kdkc gs tdai`àm um agk`c gfglt`vc pdrd gn admgbc kg nds gmfgragkdkgs. Ncs prcordads gkuldt`vcs pugkgm dyukdr d um orupc kg pgrscmds lcm um prcingad kg sdnuk, lcac gn dsad y nd k`digtgs, d sgmt`rsg aäs trdmqu`ncs rgspgltc d gstg, d dprgmkgr lcmkultds qug gv`tgm um gapgcrda`gmtc kg su lcmk`l`üm, y d sdigr luämkc vgr dn aàk`lc. [ckdvád aäs `apcrtdmtg, gkuldr d nds pgrscmds dlgrld kg ncs dutclu`kdkcs ncs gst`aund d tcadr um pdpgn aäs dlt`vc rgspgltc d su sdnuk. Ncs lcncld gm gn ds`gmtc kgn lcmkultcr pgra`t`àmkcngs tcadr kgl`s`cmgs lcmf`dkds g `mfcradkds dlgrld kg su i`gmgstdr. Gn dutclu`kdkc tdai`àm `mlnuyg lcsds qug sg edlgm ludmkc sg prgsgmtd umd gmfgragkdk. - \digr luämkc trdtdr pdkgl`a`gmtcs pdkgl`a`gmtcs c ngs`cmgs agmcrgs agmcrgs gm ldsd, ludmkc dluk`r dn aàk`lc aàk`lc y lüac lcaum`ldrsg lcm gf`l`gml`d lcm aàk`lcs y ctrcs prcfgs`cmdngs kg nd sdnuk. - Gstdr prgpdrdkc prgpdrdkc pdrd rgspcmkgr rgspcmkgr lcm gfglt`v`kdk gm umd gagrogml`d, gagrogml`d, c dprgmkgr scirg ncs sámtcads ogmgrdngs lcac nd f`girg y gn kcncr. - \digr lüac lüac ncordr umd agbcr ldn`kdk ldn`kdk kg v`kd `mlnusc ludmkc sg t`gmg umd gmfgragkdk sgr`d c um prcingad aàk`lc lrüm`lc. - Vgrsg d sá a`sac lcac gn a`gairc aäs `apcrtdmtg kg su gqu`pc kg lu`kdkc kg nd sdnuk. Nd gstrdtgo`d gkuldt`vd kgn dutclu`kdkc sg idsd gm fdl`n`tdr ncs ldai`cs kg nds pgrscmds, gm gn adrlc kg su e`stcr`d pgrscmdn, fda`n`dr y scl`dn. Gn tàra`mc dutclu`kdkc mc gs mcvgkcsc, s`mc qug t`gmg sus cráogmgs kgskg dmt`ouc. Gm 4075, Kcrctegd Crga puin`ldid su tgcrád scirg gn „kàf`l`t kg dutclu`kdkc‑. \goòm Crga, „gn dutclu`kdkc gs umd lcmtr`iul`üm lcmstdmtg lcmstdmtg kgn dkuntc d su prcp`d gx`stgml`d, su sdnuk y su i`gmgstdr lcmt`mucs. Gs nd prält`ld kg dlt`v`kdkgs qug ncs `mk`v`kucs rgdn`zdm d fdvcr kg sá a`sacs pdrd admtgmgr nd v`kd, nd sdnuk y gn i`gmgstdr‑. „Gn dutclu`kdkc y ncs lu`kdkcs d a`gaircs kgpgmk`gmtgs kg umd fda`n`d scm lcmkultds dprgmk`kds qug rgoundm `mtgml`cmdkdagmtg nd `mtgor`kdk gstrulturdn, gn fuml`cmda`gmtc y gn kgsdrrcnnc euadmcs‑. Nd tgcrád kgn dutclu`kdkc kgf`mg nd rgndl`üm gmtrg nds dll`cmgs kgn`igrdkds kg dutclu`kdkc kg ncs a`gaircs adkurcs y gm prclgsc kg adkurgs kg orupcs scl`dngs y su prcp`c kgsdrrcnnc y fuml`cmda`gmtc, dsá lcac nd rgndl`üm kgn lu`kdkc lcmt`mudkc kg ncs a`gaircs kgpgmk`gmtgs lcm su fuml`cmda`gmtc y kgsdrrcnnc. Gm su tgcrád, rgsdntd ncs rgqu`s`tcs kg dutclu`kdkc, qug scm ncs cibgt`vcs qug kgigm sgr dnldmzdkcs agk`dmtg ncs t`pcs kg dll`cmgs ldn`f`ldkds kg dutclu`kdkc.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
D. Ygqu`s`tcs kg dutclu`kdkc d. Ygqu`s`tcs um`vgrsdngs kg dutclu`kdk dutclu`kdkc c \cm lcaumgs d tckcs ncs sgrgs euadmcs g `mlnuygm gn admtgm`a`gmtc kgn d`rg, gn doud, nd lca`kd, nd gn`a`mdl`üm, nd dlt`v`kdk y gn kgsldmsc, nd `mtgrdll`üm scn`tdr`d y scl`dn, nd prgvgml`üm kg dll`kgmtgs y gn fcagmtc kgn fuml`cmda`gmtc euadmc.
i. Ygqu`s`tcs kg dutclu`kdk dutclu`kdkc c pdrd gn kgsdrrcnn kgsdrrcnnc c Fdvcrglgm gn prclgsc kg v`kd y nd adkurdl`üm, g `ap`kgm nds lcmk`l`cmgs prgbuk`l`dngs pdrd nd adkurdl`üm, c a`t`odm sus gfgltcs.
l. Ygqu`s`tcs kg dutclu`kdkc gm ldsc kg kgsv`dl`üm kg nd sdnuk Nd gmfgragkdk y nds ngs`cmgs mc sünc dfgltdm d gstrulturds gspgláf`lds y agldm`sacs f`s`cnüo`lcs y ps`lcnüo`lcs, s`mc tdai`àm dn fuml`cmda`gmtc euadmc ámtgorc. Nd pgrscmd pdsd kg nd pcs`l`üm kg dogmtg kg dutclu`kdkc d nd kg pdl`gmtg c rglgptcr kg lu`kdkcs. Iusldr y pdrt`l`pdr gm ncs lu`kdkcs aàk`lcs gm nds kgsv`dl`cmgs kg nd sdnuk scm dll`cmgs kg dutclu`kdkc. \` nds pgrscmds lcm kgsv`dl`cmgs kg nd sdnuk pugkgm sgr lcapgtgmtgs gm gn admgbc kg um s`stgad kg dutclu`kdkcs, tdai`àm pugkgm sgr ldpdlgs kg dpn`ldr d sus prcp`cs lu`kdkcs ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs aàk`lcs pgrt`mgmtgs.
I. [`pcs kg s`stgads kg gmfgragrád pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc (Kcrctegd Crga) Ncs s`stgads kg gmfgragrád sg fcradm ludmkc nds gmfgragrds ut`n`zdm su ldpdl`kdk pdrd prgslr`i`r, pndm`f`ldr y prcpcrl`cmdr lu`kdkcs d pdl`gmtgs ngoát`acs, nngvdmkc d ldic dll`cmgs sgpdrdkds y s`stgads kg dll`üm.
d. \`stgads kg gmfgragrád tctdnagmtg lcapgmsdtcr`cs \g mglgs`tdm ludmkc nd gmfgragrd kgig lcapgmsdr nd `mldpdl`kdk tctdn kg um pdl`gmtg pdrd kgsgapgôdr dll`cmgs kg dutclu`kdkc qug rgqu`grgm kgspndzda`gmtc y acv`a`gmtcs kg adm`pundl`üm.
i. \`stgads pdrl`dnagmtg lcapgmsdtcr`c lcapgmsdtcr`css Ludmkc nd gmfgragrd y gn pdl`gmtg gbglutdm agk`kds kg lu`kdkcs u ctrds dll`cmgs qug lcaprgmkgm tdrgds adm`pundkcrds c kgspndzda`gmtcs.
l. \`stgads kg dpcyc gkuldt`vc \g ut`n`zdm gm s`tudl`cmgs gm nds qug gn pdl`gmtg gs ldpdz kg rgdn`zdr c pugkg y kgigrád dprgmkgr d rgdn`zdr agk`kds rgqugr`kds kg dutclu`kdkc tgrdpàut`lc cr`gmtdkds gxtgrmd c `mtgrmdagmtg, pgrc mc pugkg edlgrnds s`m ds`stgml`d. K`lecs aàtckcs kg ds`stgml`d, sgrádm2 ou`dr, gmsgôdr, dpcydr, dltudr c sgrv`r y prcpcrl`cmdr um gmtcrmc pdrd gn kgsdrrcnnc.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
Xcr tdmtc, kgigacs pgmsdr qug gn fcagmtc kgn dutclu`kdkc y kg nd prcacl`üm kg nd sdnuk, sg kgig nngvdr d ldic idbc um adrlc lcaum`ldt`vc gf`ldz, idsdkc gm tàlm`lds kg gmsgôdmzd-dprgmk`zdbg gmtrg nd gmfgragrd y gn pdl`gmtg, lu`kdkcr y fda`n`d. Nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d gs p`gzd fumkdagmtdn pdrd qug gn prcp`c pdl`gmtg y/c su fda`n`d pugkdm kgsdrrcnndr sus prcp`cs lu`kdkcs. Gstd gs um `mstruagmtc lcm gn qug gn prcfgs`cmdn sdm`tdr`c lugmtd pdrd qug gn pdl`gmtg y/c fda`n`d dkqu`grdm gstd lcapgtgml`d. Gm ncs ònt`acs 78 dôcs, nds gmfgragkdkgs `mfgll`csds edm s`kc sust`tu`kds pcr gn duagmtc kg gmfgragkdkgs lrüm`lds, kgogmgrdt`vds y ncs dll`kgmtgs: s` d gstc sg ng umg tdai`àm gn `mlrgagmtc kgn odstc sdm`tdr`c y nd tgmkgml`d d k`sa`mu`r nds gstdml`ds ecsp`tdndr`ds, gs nüo`lc gmtgmkgr nd pctgml`dl`üm kg ncs lu`kdkcs gm gn prcp`c kca`l`n`c kgn pdl`gmtg, y lcac lcmsglugml`d umd rgspcmsdi`n`kdk adycr kg ncs gmfgracs y kg nd fda`n`d gm su dutclu`kdkc. Gn lcmlgptc kg sdnuk tdai`àm ed ldai`dkc, y lcac lcmsglugml`d tdai`àm ncs prcfgs`cmdngs gm ncs k`fgrgmtgs äai`tcs kg dltudl`üm. Decrd sg gx`ogm dlt`v`kdkgs mc sünc ds`stgml`dngs, s`mc tdai`àm kg prgvgml`üm y prcacl`üm kg nd sdnuk. [ckcs ncs pdásgs edm dkcptdkc nds k`rgltr`lgs kg Dnad Dtd y kg nd ldrtd kg Cttdwd, qug dicodm fumkdagmtdnagmtg pcr prcacvgr nd rgspcmsdi`n`kdk y nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm lcaum`tdr`d. Gkuldr pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc vd s`gmkc umd fuml`üm ldkd vgz aäs rgngvdmtg gm gn ldapc kg nd sdnuk, edstd tdn pumtc qug sg pugkg df`radr qug gkuldr gm gn dutclu`kdkc fcrad pdrtg kgn prclgsc kg lu`kdr, y gs fumkdagmtdn pdrd prcpcrl`cmdr umcs lu`kdkcs kg ldn`kdk. Gstd gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk gs um prclgsc n`odkc dn kgsdrrcnnc kg nd pgrscmd, y sg pugkg lcms`kgrdr lcac umd pdrtg kg nd gkuldl`üm ogmgrdn kgn `mk`v`kuc. Xcr gnnc ed kg tgmgr nds a`sads ldrdltgrást`lds2 ldrdltgrást`lds2 cibgt`vcs lcmlrgtcs y agtckcncoád dkgludkd, gm nd qug gs `mk`spgmsding nd pdrt`l`pdl`üm dlt`vd kgn gkuldmkc, y gvdnudl`üm.
L. Cibgt`vcs kg nd gkuldl`üm pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc Nd f`mdn`kdk kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d kgn pdl`gmtg sgrä rglupgrdr gn adycr ordkc kg sdnuk nc dmtgs pcs`ing c, s` gstc mc puk`grd sgr, admtgmgr gn m`vgn aäx`ac kg fuml`cmda`gmtc. Ncs cibgt`vcs gkuldt`vcs kgigm `r gmlda`mdkcs d2 - Lcmsgou`r qug gn gmfgrac y su fda`n`d dfrcmtgm dfrcmtgm nd gmfgragkdk kg fcrad fcrad pcs`t`vd. - Fdvcrglgr gn prclgsc prclgsc kg dkdptdl`üm dkdptdl`üm y dlgptdl`üm kg nd gmfgragkdk. - Lcmsgou`r qug pdrt`l`pgm dlt`vdagmtg gm gm gn prclgsc prclgsc gkuldt`vc gkuldt`vc y dkqu`grdm lcapgtgml`ds lcapgtgml`ds pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc.
K. Ldrdltgrást`lds kg nd gkuldl`üm pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc gm gn gmfgrac y fda`n`d Nd gkuldl`üm kgn pdl`gmtg rgqu`grg um prclgsc aulec aäs lcapngbc qug nd s`apng `mfcradl`üm. Xdrd qug rgdnagmtg gx`std gkuldl`üm gm gn gmfgrac y fda`n`d, ed kg kgsdrrcnndrsg um sdigr, um sdigr edlgr y um sdigr gstdr, gs kgl`r, gn prclgsc kgig dnldmzdr gn ärgd lcom`t`vd (dkqu`s`l`üm kg lcmcl`a`gmtcs): gn ärgd ps`lcactr`z (dkqu`s`l`üm kg edi`n`kdkgs) y gn ärgd gacl`cmdn (dkqu`s`l`üm kg dlt`tukgs). Nd gkuldl`üm mc ed kg sgr kcoaät`ld, s`mc gsgml`dnagmtg n`igrdkcrd, gs kgl`r, kgig lcmtr`iu`r d kgspgrtdr gm ldkd umc um sgmt`a`gmtc kg rgspcmsdi`n`kdk scirg su prcp`d sdnuk y scirg nd sdnuk kg ncs kgaäs.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
Gs prgl`cs k`fgrgml`dr auy i`gm dn f`mdn kgn prclgsc nc qug „sdig gn gmfgrac‑ (lcmcl`a`gmtcs) kg nc qug „p`gmsd gn gmfgrac‑ (gkuldl`üm). Gn prclgsc gkuldt`vc ed kg sgr `mtgml`cmdkc y s`stgaät`lc. Ed kg tgmgr umcs cibgt`vcs y umds gstrdtgo`ds lndrds, y gmtgmkgr ncs prclgscs kg ldai`c y kg dprgmk`zdbg2 - [gmgr dn gmfgrac lcac prctdocm`std. - [gmgr gm lugmtd sus mglgs`kdkgs, sus kgsgcs. - Wt`n`zdr umd lcaum`ldl`üm ecr`zcmtdn. - Ygdn`zdr um dprgmk`zdbg s`om`f`ldt`vc, s`om`f`ldt`vc, mc kcoaät`lc, rgspgtucsc lcm nd nüo`ld kg nc qug qugrgacs gmsgôdr, lcm nds mglgs`kdkgs, gn lcmtgxtc y gn m`vgn kg kgsdrrcnnc kg nds pgrscmds2 tgmgr gm lugmtd nc qug sdig, nc qug mc sdig y tdai`àm nc `ado`mdr`c. Xdrd qug gn gmfgrac y su fda`n`d pugkdm dprgmkgr, gs mglgsdr`d su lcndicrdl`üm. Nd gkuldl`üm, lcac k`lg Frg`rg, „kgig lcms`kgrdrsg umd rgndl`üm gmtrg kcs pgrscmds `mtgn`ogmtgs qug scm ldpdlgs kg kdr y rgl`i`r‑. Gs prgl`sc didmkcmdr nd pgrlgpl`üm trdk`l`cmdn kg qug gn gkuldkcr gs gn qug sdig y pcr gnnc gmsgôd, prgslr`ig y k`r`og: y gn gkuldmkc gs gn qug mc sdig y pcr tdmtc gsluled, rgl`ig y edlg. Nd gkuldl`üm pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc gs umd dll`üm qug ed kg sgr dlgptdkd y iusldkd pcr gn gmfgrac. \ünc pdrt`l`pdmkc dlt`vdagmtg sdirgacs ludngs scm sus `mtgrgsgs y sus rgs`stgml`ds, y nngodrgacs d pdltdr agtds y cibgt`vcs lcaumgs.
d. Fdltcrgs qug fdvcrglgm gn dprgmk`zd dprgmk`zdbg bg •
³Lüac sg dprgmkg3 - Lcm `mfcradl`üm `mfcradl`üm lcmlrgtd, lcmlrgtd, rgngvdmtg y s`om`f`ldt`vd, s`om`f`ldt`vd, qug kà rgspugstd d umd rgspugstd rgspugstd `kgmt`f`ldkd pcr gn gkuldmkc. - Gst`aundmkc nd kgadmkd, mc nd sdturdl`üm. - Xdrt`gmkc kg ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs y gxpgr`gml`ds prgv`ds kgn gkuldmkc. - [gm`gmkc gm lugmtd ncs kgtgra`mdmtgs kg ncs lcapcrtda`gmtcs y kgaäs fdltcrgs scl`clunturdngs qug gstäm `mfnuygmkc gm gn prclgsc gkuldt`vc. - Dkdptämkcsg dn r`tac kg dprgmk`zdbg `mk`v`kudn.
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³Lüac sg ldai`d3 - Kdmkc dntgrmdt`vds. - Ygfngx`cmdmkc, dmdn`zdmkc um eglec kgskg k`fgrgmtgs pgrspglt`vds. - Ldpdl`tdmkc pdrd tcadr kgl`s`cmgs dkgludkds. - Kctdmkc kg ncs rglurscs mglgsdr`cs. - Gvdnudmkc lcmbumtdagmtg kg tdn fcrad qug gn gkuldmkc vdncrg ncs rgsuntdkcs citgm`kcs. - Ygfcrzdmkc pcs`t`vdagmtg ncs ncorcs dkqu`r`kcs.
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³Lüac dyukdr d admtgmgr ncs ldai`cs3 - Lcm rgfugrzcs gkuldt`vcs y gvdnudl`üm lcmt`mudkd.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Dlgptdmkc ncs pcs`ings grrcrgs y rgldákds. - Xrcpcrl`cmdmkc scpcrtg. - [gm`gmkc gm gm lugmtd gn agk`c dai`gmtg y nd kctdl`üm kg rglurscs rglurscs mglgsdr`cs. - Act`vdmkc d lcrtc lcrtc y ndroc pndzc. \` \` dn `m`l`c kg nd gmfgragkdk nds mglgs`kdkgs aäs dntgrdkds scm nds iäs`lds y nds kg sgour`kdk (sámtcads qug k`f`luntdm lcagr, kcra`r, a`gkc, `mlgrt`kuairg…), ludmkc pdsg gn t`gapc nc qug aäs act`vdrä dn gmfgrac sgrä sdt`sfdlgr nds mglgs`kdkgs kg pgrtgmgml`d (tgmgr nds aám`ads n`a`tdl`cmgs g `kgmt`f`ldrsg lcm su orupc kg rgfgrgml`d), nd dutcgst`ad y nd dutcrrgdn`zdl`üm (ldpdl`kdk kg kgsdrrcnndr dn aäx`ac su pctgml`dn).
i. Fdltcrgs qug pugkgm cistdlun`zdr gn dprgmk`zdbg Xugkgm prcvgm`r kgn usudr`c, kgn prcfgs`cmdn sdm`tdr`c, kg nd gstrulturd y kg nds k`f`luntdkgs qug gmtrdôd gn prcp`c prclgsc gkuldt`vc. •
Xcr pdrtg kgn usudr`c Nd pcs`i`n`kdk kg umd gmfgragkdk, y aäs dòm nd gmfgragkdk gm sá, ogmgrd um prclgsc kg lr`s`s qug dfgltd d nd `mtgor`kdk kg nd pgrscmd, yd qug t`gmg rgpgrlus`cmgs fás`lds, ps`lcnüo`lds y scl`dngs. Gn prcingad mc gs `mk`v`kudn, s`mc qug `mfnuyg gm gn s`stgad fda`n`dr y pcr gnnc nd dtgml`üm y nd dlt`v`kdk gkuldt`vd edm kg gxtgmkgrsg d nd fda`n`d. Ncs fdltcrgs cistdlun`zdkcrgs prcvgm`gmtgs kgn gmfgrac pugkgm sgr2 - Kg cr`ogm fás`lc Kgr`vdkcs kg nd prcp`d gmfgragkdk2 sámtcads y dntgrdl`cmgs croäm`lds y fuml`cmdngs (kcncr, k`smgd, ldmsdml`c…) y kgr`vdkcs kgn trdtda`gmtc kg nd gmfgragkdk. [dai`àm prcingads kg ámkcng sgmscr`dn2 kàf`l`t duk`t`vc, v`sudn, k`f`luntdk pdrd rgdn`zdr dlt`v`kdkgs admudngs… - Kg cr`ogm ps`lcnüo`lc Wmd gmfgragkdk gmfgragkdk rgprgsgmtd umd pàrk`kd kg nd `mtgor`kdk kgn `mk`v`kuc y supcmg supcmg umd dagmdzd pdrd gn gmfgrac y pdrd su fda`n`d. Dmtg gstd pgrlgpl`üm kg dagmdzd, gn gmfgrac gvdnòd edstd quà pumtc nd rgndl`üm lcm su gmtcrmc gs pgn`orcsd y pdrd gnnc gm pr`agr nuodr dmdn`zd nd s`tudl`üm `m`l`dn y kgspuàs ldn`ird nds pcs`ings lcmsglugml`ds. Gm auleds clds`cmgs, gn gmfgrac c nd fda`n`d mglgs`tdm um t`gapc pdrd dkdptdrsg d nd mugvd s`tudl`üm, pcr nc qug, lcac agldm`sac kg kgfgmsd, gndicrdm umds gstrdtgo`ds kg dfrcmtda`gmtc qug pugkgm `r kgskg nd mgodl`üm kgn prcingad c nd rgignkád, qug scm nds aäs frglugmtgs, edstd nd kgprgs`üm c nd rgorgs`üm. Nd dkdptdl`üm gs gn ordkc kg gqu`n`ir`c gmtrg gn ordkc kg ds`a`ndl`üm c ordkc kg tcngrdml`d qug t`gmg um s`stgad ludmkc sg `mlcrpcrd um mugvc a`gairc c sg ack`f`ldm nds l`rlumstdml`ds kg dnoumc kg sus a`gaircs (s`stgad fda`n`dr, ndicrdn, gtl.), y gn ordkc kg dlcackdl`üm c dspgltcs qug t`gmg qug ack`f`ldr gn mugvc a`gairc pdrd `mlcrpcrdrsg dn s`stgad. ³Lüac ds`a`nd nd fda`n`d, nd gaprgsd c ncs da`ocs dn gmfgrac3: ³quà edlgm pdrd fdl`n`tdr su `mtgordl`üm y dkdptdl`üm gm sus l`rlumstdml`ds3: ³quà t`gmg qug ack`f`ldr gn gmfgrac pdrd pckgr dkdptdrsg d gstcs s`stgads3: ³edstd quà pumtc pugkg edlgrnc3 Xdrd dyukdr gm nd dkdptdl`üm gs mglgsdr`c tgmgr gm lugmtd nds vdr`dings qug `mfnuygm gm gn prclgsc2 - Dai`gmtdngs2 dpcyc fda`n`dr y scl`dn, rglurscs glcmüa`lcs. - Xs`lcnüo`lds2 acri`n`kdk ps`qu`ätr`ld ps`qu`ätr`ld prgv`d, pgrscmdn`kdk, gstrdtgo`ds kg dfrcmtda`gmtc dfrcmtda`gmtc dkqu`r`kds prgv`dagmtg.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Ygndl`cmdkds lcm lcm nds ldrdltgrást`lds kg nd gmfgragkdk2 `mtgrdll`cmgs `mtgrdll`cmgs gspgláf`lds gmtrg nd gmfgragkdk y nds vdr`dings ps`lcscl`dngs, nc qug rgdnagmtg supcmg pdrd gn gn gmfgrac y su gmtcrmc gsd gmfgragkdk lcmlrgtd, pcr gbgapnc quà s`om`f`ldkc t`gmg gn \@KD c gn lämlgr y lüac rgpgrlutg gm gn gmfgrac, nd fda`n`d, gn trdidbc… - Kg cr`ogm scl`cdai`gmtdn M`vgn kg `mstrull`üm, pgrtgmgml`d lunturdn, lrggml`ds, vdncrgs, m`vgn scl`cglcmüa`lc, scl`cglcmüa`lc, gxpgltdt`vds, sgmsdl`üm kg dutcgf`ldl`d, idrrgrds u cistäluncs pgrl`i`kcs, gtl. Ludmkc um gmfgrac mc luapng nds rglcagmkdl`cmgs, pugkg kgigrsg d k`fgrgmtgs ldusds2 - Mc gstä kg dlugrkc2 gs pcs`ing qug nd rdzüm sgd gn kgrglec kgrglec qug gn gmfgrac t`gmg d gbgrlgr gbgrlgr su dutcmcaád, y pcr gnnc rgledzd um trdtda`gmtc c umds rglcagmkdl`cmgs, pgrc tdai`àm pugkg sgr kgi`kc d ctrds ldusds2 kgslcmf`dmzd edl`d ncs prcfgs`cmdngs, mc vdncrdr ncs rgsuntdkcs, gtl. - Mc lcaprgmkg lcaprgmkg nc qug ng kgl`acs, i`gm i`gm pcrqug ut`n`zdacs umd tgra`mcncoád `mdkgludkd, `mdkgludkd, kdacs um gxlgsc kg `mfcradl`üm, gs `mldpdz kg n`odrnc lcm lcmcl`a`gmtcs c gxpgr`gml`ds prgv`ds, gtl. - Gmt`gmkg nc qug ng kgl`acs pgrc pgrc lck`f`ld nd `mfcradl`üm sgoòm sus `kgds prgv`ds. Gx`stgm auleds vdr`dings, y àstds vgmkräm lcmk`l`cmdkds pcr nd `mfcradl`üm qug rgl`id, pgrc tdai`àm pcr nc qug yd sdiád y, fumkdagmtdnagmtg, pcr sus gxpgr`gml`ds prgv`ds, kg tdn fcrad qug umd a`sad `mfcradl`üm scirg, pcr gbgapnc, nd k`digtgs, pugkg ogmgrdr um gsqugad lcom`t`vc auy k`fgrgmtg kgpgmk`gmkc kg qug gn gmfgrac lcmczld d umd pgrscmd k`diàt`ld lcm ordvgs lcapn`ldl`cmgs c lcmczld d ctrd, qug s`m um lcmtrcn gxlgs`vc, sg gmlugmtrd dpdrgmtgagmtg i`gm. •
Xcr pdrtg kgn prcfgs`cmdn sdm`tdr`c - Fdntd kg fcradl`üm gspgláf`ld Gkuldr pdrd pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc mc gs fäl`n, pcr pcr gnnc mc vdng nd `aprcv`sdl`üm `aprcv`sdl`üm m` gn vcnumtdr`sac. vcnumtdr`sac. Gn cibgt`vc gs ldpdl`tdr dn gmfgrac y/c fda`n`d pdrd qug rgdn`lgm lu`kdkcs kg ldn`kdk, pcrqug ludmkc sg trdtd kg umd gmfgragkdk lrüm`ld c kg ndrod kurdl`üm, gs aäs `apcrtdmtg gn lcmtrcn k`dr`c qug gnncs rgdn`lgm qug gn lcmtrcn gspcräk`lc kgn prcfgs`cmdn. Gs `apcrtdmtg dkqu`r`r y dpn`ldr umd agtckcncoád dkgludkd y prcacvgr nd `mvgst`odl`üm gm gstg ldapc pdrd agbcrdr nd gf`ldl`d y nd gfglt`v`kdk kg ncs prcordads. - Ygndl`üm tglmclrät`ld [ckdvád sg vgm aulecs prcfgs`cmdn prcfgs`cmdngs gs qug dltòdm lcac gxpgrtcs, lgmträmkcsg pr`ml`pdnagmtg gm ncs dspgltcs tglmcnüo`lcs y lurdt`vcs, y gstdingl`gmkc lcm gn usudr`c umd rgndl`üm kgs`oudn y dutcr`tdr`d, qug nc lcmv`grtg gm s`apng rglgptcr kg ncs lu`kdkcs c kg nd `mfcradl`üm, pcr nc qug gs `apcs`ing kgsdrrcnndr um prclgsc p rclgsc gkuldt`vc. - Dlt`tukgs mgodt`vds edl`d nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d \g pugkgm vgr dnoumcs prcfgs`cmdngs prcfgs`cmdngs qug mc vdncrdm nd gkuldl`üm gm gn dutclu`kdkc, y lgmtrdm su dtgml`üm gm gn trdtda`gmtc, gm gn lcmtrcn, lcm gn cibgt`vc kg lurdr. Gs bust`f`lding gm gn ldsc kgn pdl`gmtg doukc, pgrc mumld gm gn pdl`gmtg lrüm`lc, ludmkc sdigacs qug kgigrä prcncmodr ncs lu`kdkcs gm gn kca`l`n`c.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Dlt`tukgs frgmtg dn usudr`c Gkuldr d um pdl`gmtg pugkg rgsuntdr rgsuntdr umd tdrgd k`fál`n2 rgqu`grg lcmstdml`d, pdl`gml`d, t`gapc, t`gapc, y dkdptdrsg d nds ldrdltgrást`lds `mk`v`kudngs kg ldkd umc. Gnnc pugkg ogmgrdr k`fgrgmtgs dlt`tukgs2 pdtgrmdn`sac, kgsäm`ac, u ctrds lcac cam`pctgml`d („d pgsdr kg nds k`f`luntdkgs nc lcmsgou`rà…‑) c `apctgml`d („gs kgads`dkc k`fál`n pdrd `mtgmtdrnc…‑). ` mtgmtdrnc…‑). •
Xcr pdrtg kg nd gstrulturd Dnoumcs prcingads `apcrtdmtgs prcv`gmgm kg nd gstrulturd2 crodm`zdl`üm kgn trdidbc, prgs`üm ds`stgml`dn, fdntd kg trdidbc gm gqu`pc, fdntd kg adtgr`dn gkuldt`vc, gsldsc dpcyc `mst`tul`cmdn, lrggml`d kg qug nd gkuldl`üm gm gn dutclu`kdkc gs um dmgxc qug kgig prcpcrl`cmdrsg gxlnus`vdagmtg gm gn m`vgn kg dtgml`üm pr`adr`d, gtl. Xgrc nd s`tudl`üm t`gmkg d ldai`dr, yd qug nd gkuldl`üm duagmtd nd gf`ldl`d kg nds `mtgrvgml`cmgs y gn ordkc kg sdt`sfdll`üm kgn usudr`c, pcr nc qug sg ed lcmvgrt`kc gm um `mk`ldkcr kg ldn`kdk.
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Xcr pdrtg kgn prcp`c prclgsc prclgsc gkuldt`vc gkuldt`vc Nd gf`ldl`d kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d, gm tàra`mcs kg sdnuk, gs k`fál`n kg gvdnudr pcr vdr`ds rdzcmgs2 rgsuntdkcs d ndroc pndzc, `mtgrvgml`üm kg auleds vdr`dings „gxtrdôds‑ k`fál`ngs kg lcmtrcndr (scl`clunturdngs, glcmüa`lds, dai`gmtdngs…) y prcingads àt`lcs pdrd gn k`sgôc kg ldscs gxpgr`agmtdngs. \g edlg k`fál`n ludmkc gx`stgm mglgs`kdkgs kg dprgmk`zdbg s`a`ndrgs, gstdinglgr um orupc gxpgr`agmtdn y ctrc kg lcmtrcn. Mc cistdmtg, sg pugkgm ut`n`zdr ctrcs k`sgôcs kg `mvgst`odl`üm y lgmtrdrmcs gm nd gvdnudl`üm kgn prclgsc2 ldai`cs gm ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs, dlt`tukgs y lcapcrtda`gmtcs, k`sa`mul`üm kg fdltcrgs kg r`gsoc, ut`n`zdl`üm dkgludkd kg ncs sgrv`l`cs, rgndl`üm lcm ncs prcfgs`cmdngs, dkgludl`üm kg ncs cibgt`vcs y kg nd agtckcncoád ut`n`zdkd, sdt`sfdll`üm kg ncs usudr`cs y kg ncs prcfgs`cmdngs, gtl.
G. Gkuldl`üm pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc gm gn lu`kdkcr pr`ml`pdn Lcac yd lcagmtäidacs dmtgr`cragmtg, gn cibgt`vc lcm gn pdl`gmtg y fda`n`d gs lcmsgou`r qug àstcs tgmodm ncs lcmcl`a`gmtcs, ldpdl`kdk y gf`ldl`d dkgludkd pdrd sua`m`strdr lu`kdkcs d nd pgrscmd kgpgmk`gmtg. D nd vgz, dn lu`kdkcr pr`ml`pdn sg ng kgig prcpcrl`cmdr nd dtgml`üm mglgsdr`d pdrd odrdmt`zdr nd lcmt`mu`kdk kg ncs lu`kdkcs, d f`m kg gv`tdr qug dpdrgzld gn sámkrcag kgn lu`kdkcr. Mc edy kukd qug ncs lu`kdkcrgs qug nngvdm d ldic su dlt`v`kdk gm gn kca`l`n`c kgn gmfgrac, sg gmlugmtrdm scagt`kcs d umd s`tudl`üm gstrgsdmtg y d um pgn`orc kg kgsicrkda`gmtc y doctda`gmtc kg sus rglurscs (iurm-cut c qugada`gmtc), qug pugkg rgpgrlut`r mc Ncs lu`kdkcrgs lcmst`tuygm lcmst`tuygm sünc gm su prcp`d sdnuk, s`mc tdai`àm gm gn gstdkc kg umd p`gzd lndvg gm nd tr`dkd äm`ac y gm nd ack`f`ldl`üm kg ncs uairdngs kg pgrlgpl`üm tgrdpàut`ld „gqu`pc sdm`tdr`ckgn sufr`a`gmtc y kgn kcncr kgn gmfgrac lcm gn ludn sg gmfgrac-lu`kdkcr pr`ml`pdn‑ gmlugmtrdm gm lcmt`mud `mtgrdll`üm. s` nd ds`stgml`d sg nngvd d ldic Nd fda`n`d gs gn prcvggkcr pr`adr`c kg lu`kdkcs gm gn gm gn sgrv`l`c kg um ecsp`tdn, ecodr, pgrc gs gv`kgmtg qug t`gmg qug sufr`r umd sgr`g kg pgrc nc scm tckdvád aäs s` ldrods dôdk`kds d pdrt`r kg nd gmfgragkdk kg su pdr`gmtg, nd a`sad sg rgdn`zd gm gn kg nds qug tdai`àm surog gn kgrglec d sgr lu`kdkc. kca`l`n`c kgn prcp`c gmfgrac.
d. Lcmlgptc kg lnduk`ldl`üm fda`n`dr \g kgf`mg lcac nd `mldpdl`kdk kg ncs a`gaircs kg umd fda`n`d pdrd cfrglgr umd rgspugstd dkgludkd d nds kgadmkds y mglgs`kdkgs kgn pdl`gmtg.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
Gstd sg rgfngbd gm nd k`f`luntdk kg admtgmgr umd lcaum`ldl`üm pcs`t`vd lcm gn pdl`gmtg, gmtrg ncs a`gaircs sdmcs y lcm gn gqu`pc kg lu`kdkcs. Mc tckcs ncs a`gaircs kgn orupc fda`n`dr lnduk`ldm d nd vgz: pugkgm rgspcmkgr lcm um m`vgn kgf`l`gmtg y sgr lcapgmsdkcs pcr ctrcs qug sg admt`gmgm fugrtgs y i`gm cr`gmtdkcs. Ludmkc tckcs gm su lcmbumtc scm `mldpdlgs kg kdr umd rgspugstd dkgludkd, gstdacs dmtg umd lr`s`s kg lnduk`ldl`üm fda`n`dr. Nd lnduk`ldl`üm gs umc kg ncs prcingads c s`tudl`cmgs qug lcapn`ldm gn prclgsc kg dutclu`kdkc y ogmgrdm tckc t`pc kg k`f`luntdkgs gm nd rgndl`üm kg gmsgôdmzd-dprgmk`zdbg gmtrg nd fda`n`d kgn pdl`gmtg y gn gkuldkcr.
i. Xrgvgml`üm kg nd lr`s`s kg lnduk`ldl`üm fda`n`dr •
Gm rgndl`üm lcm gn pdl`gmtg - @mfcradl`üm y lcaum`ldl`üm frdmld y ecmgstd lcm gn gqu`pc. - Gsluled dtgmtd kg sus prgclupdl`cmgs y pr`cr`kdkgs. - Ygndl`üm kg dyukd gf`ldz. - \gour`kdk y lcmt`mu`kdk kg lu`kdkcs. - @apngagmtdl`üm y admtgm`a`gmtc kgn rcn fda`n`dr y scl`dn. - Dpcyc ps`lcgacl`cmdn. - Xdrt`l`pdl`üm gm nd pndm`f`ldl`üm y gvdnudl`üm gvdnudl`üm kg ncs lu`kdkcs lu`kdkcs y tgrdp`ds. - @mfcradl`üm pdusdkd y kcs`f`ldkd scirg nd gvcnul`üm gvcnul`üm y/c prcmüst`lc. - \gour`kdk y prctgll`üm fás`ld. - Iugm lcmtrcn kg tckcs ncs sámtcads cibgt`vcs y suibgt`vcs.
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Gm rgndl`üm d ncs a`gaircs kgn orupc fda`n`dr fda`n`dr - @mlnus`üm kg nd fda`n`d fda`n`d y pdl`gmtg lcac um`kdk d trdtdr. - Gsluled dtgmtd kg sus kgadmkds y suogrgml`ds. - Kdrngs t`gapc pdrd qug dsuadm nd s`tudl`üm. - @mfcradl`üm pumtudn, dkgludkd, dkgludkd, ecmgstd, ecmgstd, lcaprgms`ing lcaprgms`ing y lcmt`mud lcmt`mud scirg scirg nd gvcnul`üm. - Gmtrgmda`gmtc y pdrt`l`pdl`üm gm nds tdrgds kg lu`kdkc. - @apn`ldl`üm kgn adycr mòagrc kg a`gaircs pcs`ing. - Fdl`n`tdr gn kgsldmsc gm ldsc kg doctda`gmtc doctda`gmtc kgn lu`kdkcr lu`kdkcr pr`ml`pdn pr`ml`pdn òm`lc, `morgsdmkc `morgsdmkc dn pdl`gmtg pcr um lcrtc pgráckc kg t`gapc. - Gmtrgmda`gmtc pdrd nds tàlm`lds kg lcmtrcn kg sámtcads. - @mfcradl`üm scirg rglurscs k`spcm`ings gm nd lcaum`kdk. - Gst`aundr nd lcaum`ldl`üm gmtrg ncs a`gaircs. - \cpcrtg y dpcyc ps`lcgacl`cmdn `mk`v`kudn y orupdn.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Fdl`n`tdr nd dlndrdl`üm dlndrdl`üm y scnul`üm kg lcmfn`ltcs lcmfn`ltcs gm gn sgmc fda`n`dr. - Gv`tdr bu`l`cs prgl`p`tdkcs scirg nd lcmkultd fda`n`dr. - Kgtgltdr pdtcncoáds gm ctrcs ctrcs a`gaircs kg nd fda`n`d fda`n`d y rglcagmkdr rglcagmkdr nds `mtgrvgml`cmgs kg ctrcs prcfgs`cmdngs. - Dyukdr d nd fda`n`d d ut`n`zdr sus prcp`cs prcp`cs rglurscs rglurscs gm gm nd scnul`üm kg sus prcingads. prcingads. - Lcrrgll`üm, rgspgtc gm gn trdtc. - Dfgltc y k`spcm`i`n`kdk gm nd rgndl`üm. Mc tckcs ncs lu`kdkcrgs lugmtdm lcm dyukd kg su rgk fda`n`dr y scl`dn pdrd gn lu`kdkc kg ncs kgpgmk`gmtgs, nc qug ncs lcncld gm umd s`tudl`üm kg adycr vunmgrdi`n`kdk dn sámkrcag kgn lu`kdkcr. \g augstrdm pclc lrát`lcs lcm nds dyukds qug ngs cfrglg gn s`stgad fcradn kg lu`kdkcs y, gm ogmgrdn, ncs vdncrdm kg fcrad pcs`t`vd. Gn admudn kg scpcrtg pdrd lu`kdkcrgs gndicrdkc pcr gn \cl`dn _crj \grv`lg kg Gstdkcs Wm`kcs, rglca`gmkd d ncs lu`kdkcrgs l`mlc gstrdtgo`ds lcm gn f`m kg agbcrdr su lcmtrcn scirg nd s`tudl`üm gm nd qug vdm d prcpcrl`cmdr, c gstäm yd prcpcrl`cmdmkc, lu`kdkcs2 - F`bdrsg cibgt`vcs y gxpgltdt`vds rgdn`stds. - Gstdinglgr sus prcp`cs náa`tgs. - Xgk`r y dlgptdr dyukd. - Lu`kdr kg sá a`sacs. - @apn`ldr gm gn lu`kdkc d ctrds pgrscmds.
l. Gstrdtgo`d pdrd lu`kdr dn lu`kdkcr Gm ogmgrdn, ncs dspgltcs qug kgigm tgmgrsg gm lugmtd pdrd qug nd lnduk`ldl`üm mc dpdrgzld, y dsá pckgr sgou`r lcms`kgrdmkc dn lu`kdkcr lcac dogmtg kg dutclu`kdkc, scm2 - Lcai`mdr gn prctclcnc lcm nd fngx`i`n`kdk, fngx`i`n`kdk, gn r`ocr r`ocr l`gmtáf`lc l`gmtáf`lc lcm nd ldn`kgz rgndl`cmdn2 mc scm gxlnuygmtgs. Gn prctclcnc mc ogmgrd vámluncs, vám luncs, s`mc `mk`ldl`cmgs tàlm`lds. - Fcradrsg dkgludkdagmtg gm gn lcmcl`a`gmtc kg nd gstrulturd y nd k`mäa`ld fda`n`dr, d f`m kg kgtgltdr nds pcs`i`n`kdkgs tgrdpàut`lds kg tckcs ncs a`gaircs. Kgskg gstd pgrspglt`vd sg pugkg pgrf`ndr gn lr`tgr`c kg cibgt`vc lcaòm pdrd tckd gstd trádkd ds`stgml`dn (pdl`gmtg, fda`n`d y prcfgs`cmdn). - Lcapdrt`r `mfcradl`üm y lcmsgmsudr lcmsgmsudr kgl`s`cmgs. kgl`s`cmgs. Lcrrgspcmsdi`n`zdr, Lcrrgspcmsdi`n`zdr, s`m gnuk`r nds rgspcmsdi`n`kdrgspcmsdi`n`kdkgs prcp`ds. Nd fda`n`d y gn pdl`gmtg tcadm kgl`s`cmgs, d vglgs lcm k`f`luntdkgs. Gn pgrscmdn pugkg sgmt`r umd sdt`sfdll`üm gmcrag s` sg lcmv`grtg gm gsg lcapdôgrc qug dkgaäs kg `mfcradr dyukd d `nua`mdr nds s`tudl`cmgs k`fál`ngs gm gn ecodr. - \gr fdl`n`tdkcr kg nd crodm`zdl`üm kg t`gapcs y tdrgds gm gm gn ecodr lcm lcm rgspgltc d ncs lu`kdkcs y sus `apn`ldl`cmgs. Gn pdl`gmtg y nd fda`n`d sugngm nngvdr umd `apcrtdmtg ldrod gacl`cmdn, nc qug k`f`luntd vgr lcm lndr`kdk kgsdbustgs gm nd ds`stgml`d gm gn ecodr. \ünc ncs prcfgs`cmdngs qug sg rgndl`cmgm kgskg nd lcmf`dmzd y mc kgskg nd scspgled scm i`gm dlgptdkcs pdrd prcacvgr gsd crodm`zdl`üm agbcr. - \uogr`r ldai`cs ldai`cs gm gn gmtcrmc fás`lc kgn ecodr qug cpt`a`lgm ncs lu`kdkcs y gn i`gmgstdr kg tckcs ncs qug gm àn lcmv`vgm.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Gmtrgmdr d nds fda`n`ds gm gm pdutds sgml`nnds sgml`nnds kg agbcrd agbcrd kg nd rgndl`üm lcm gn pdl`gmtg (mugvd rgndl`üm) dmtg gn eglec kg nd gmfgragkdk gm gn ecodr y dmtg gn ldai`c kg pdpgngs, fuml`cmgs y tdrgds qug sg pugkgm kgsdrrcnndr2 lcaum`ldl`üm dsgrt`vd pdrd kgl`r „mc‑ d pgt`l`cmgs `mdkgludkds, kgsdrrcnnc kg nd ldpdl`kdk pdrd pgk`r dyukd, gtl. - Kgsdrrcnndr gstrdtgo`ds kg dutclcmtrcn, dutclcmtrcn, tdmtc lcom`t`vds (rggstrulturdl`üm (rggstrulturdl`üm kg pgmsda`gmtcs k`stcrs`cmdkcs…), f`s`cnüo`lds (rgndbdl`üm…), lcac lcapcrtdagmtdngs (dlt`v`kdkgs k`strdltcrds gxtgrmds…). - Ogst`üm lrgdt`vd lrgdt`vd y gf`ldz kgn t`gapc. Gs mglgsdr`c pndm`f`ldr gn trdidbc pdrd qug nc `apcrtdmtg mc sgd lcmsua`kc pcr nc urogmtg. - Gstdinglgr pr`cr`kdkgs. - Iugm euacr. Mc supcmg mgodr gn ndkc cslurc kg nd v`kd, pgrc sá umd dlt`tuk ldpdz kg rgndt`v`zdr nc qug mc sg pugkg dnldmzdr. - Yglcmcl`a`gmtc kg ncs àx`tcs prcp`cs y kg ncs dbgmcs. - Lcapdrt`r ncs prcingads. Ncs Ncs prcfgs`cmdngs prcfgs`cmdngs mc scm scm ncs òm`lcs rgspcmsdings rgspcmsdings gm nd rgscnul`üm kg nds k`f`luntdkgs. - Gn eglec kg qug gn lu`kdkcr pr`ml`pdn sg gmlugmtrg scagt`kc d umd s`tudl`üm lcmt`mudkd kg gstràs, duagmtd su vunmgrdi`n`kdk i`cnüo`ld. Gn gqu`pc ds`stgml`dn kgig gmtgmkgr qug nd um`kdk d trdtdr gs gn gmfgrac y nd fda`n`d, y t`gmg qug cfgrtdr umd ndicr kg gkuldl`üm d daics pdrd odrdmt`zdr nd lcmt`mu`kdk kgn dutclu`kdkc, y dsá prgvgm`r nd dpdr`l`üm kg gp`sck`cs kg lnduk`ldl`üm fda`n`dr.
<.7 Lr`tgr`cs pdrd nd gndicrdl`üm kg Xrcordads Xrcordads kg gmfgragrád kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk D. Xndm`f`ldl`üm kg prcordads kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk (GX\) Dn `oudn qug ludnqu`gr ctrd dlt`v`kdk qug sg kgsdrrcnng gm gm Dtgml`üm Xr`adr`d, nd GX\ kgig gstdr pndm`f`ldkd y crodm`zdkd s`stgaät`ldagmtg (ncs aàtckcs ut`n`zdkcs kgigm sgr gvdnudkcs pdrd pckgr odrdmt`zdr nd gf`ldl`d kg nds dlt`v`kdkgs). Nd GX\ sg clupdrä tdmtc kg ncs lcapcrtda`gmtcs lcapcrtda`gmtcs kg nds pgrscmds rgndl`cmdkds lcm lcm gn prcingad lcac lcm gn gmtcrmc kcmkg sg kgsdrrcnndm. Nds gtdpds kg nd pndm`f`ldl`üm gm GX\ scm2
d. Dmän`s`s Dmän`s` s kgn prcingad •
@kgmt`f`ldl`üm kgn prcingad \urog kgn dmän`s`s kg nds mglgs`kdkgs kg nd pcindl`üm, y su cibgt`vc gs lcmclgr kümkg, lüac, pcrquà, sg ogmgrdm ncs prcingads kg sdnuk. D nd ecrd kg sgngll`cmdr um prcingad scirg gn qug vdacs d dltudr kgskg nd GX\, nc qu g mcs `mtgrgsd gs lcmclgr luängs scm ncs lcapcrtda`gmtcs kg ncs `mk`v`kucs, orupcs c lcaum`kdkgs qug
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
gstäm `apn`ldkcs gm ncs prcingads, kg ackc qug d trdvàs kg umd dll`üm gkuldt`vd pugkdm ack`f`ldrsg, prckul`gmkc umd agbcrd kgn prcingad. •
@kgmt`f`ldl`üm kg ncs fdltcrgs kg r`gsoc (FY) - FY rgndl`cmdkcs lcm ncs lcapcrtda`gmtcs kg nds pgrscmds prgk`spcmgmtgs. - FY rgndl`cmdkcs rgndl`cmdkcs lcm gn gmtcrmc, qug gstäm fugrd kg lcmtrcn kg nds pgrscmds (glcmüa`lcs, dllgs`i`n`kdk d ncs sgrv`l`cs, agk`cs kg lcaum`ldl`üm, gtl.).Fdl`n`tdkcrgs y rgfcrzdmtgs.
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@kgmt`f`ldl`üm kgn orupc k`dmd scirg gn qug vdacs d dltudr Ludmtc agbcr kgf`mdacs àstg, agbcr vdacs d pckgr k`sgôdr umd `mtgrvgml`üm gkuldt`vd dprcp`dkd d sus ldrdltgrást`l ldrdltgrást`lds. ds.
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@kgmt`f`ldl`üm kg ncs kgtgra`mdmtgs kgtgra`mdmtgs lcom`t`vcs dlt`tukgs (cp`m`cmgs) g `mfnugml`ds scl`dngs tdn y lcac nds pgrl`ig gn `mk`v`kuc, y sus gxpgltdt`vds kg dutc gf`ldl`d (ldpdl`kdkgs pgrscmdngs)
i. Xrcordadl`üm kg nds dlt`v`kdkgs gkuldt`vds Gn k`sgôc kg nds dlt`v`kdkgs gkuldt`vds, sgoòm gn prcingad `kgmt`f`ldkc (d qu `àm, quà, lüac, luämkc y kümkg), t`gmg qug sgr fngx`ing kg tdn ackc qug pgra`td umd agtckcncoád pdrt`l`pdt`vd kg ncs l`ukdkdmcs gm gn prclgsc kg ack`f`ldl`üm kg sus lcapcrtda`gmtcs.
l. Gvdnudl`üm Ncs lr`tgr`cs kg gvdnudl`üm kg um prcordad kg GX\ kgigm f`ourdr kgskg gn pr`ml`p`c y kgigm sgr k`slut`kcs y dlcrkdkcs lcm tckcs tckcs ncs qug pdrt`l`pdm gm gm gn a`sac. \`ou`gmkc gn gsqugad lnäs`lc kg Kcmdigk`dm, gm nd gvdnudl`üm kg um prcordad k`st`mou`rgacs2 d. Gvdnudl`üm kg nd gstrulturd, nc qug gvdnudacs gs gs gn k`sgôc kgn prcordad-dmän`s`s kgn prcingad, cibgt`vcs gkuldt`vcs, agtckcncoád y agk`cs d gapngdr, tgapcrdn`zdl`cm y rglurscs f`mdml`grcs y euadmcs, y lr`tgr`cs kg gvdnudl`üm d sgou`r. i. Gvdnudl`üm kgn prclgsc, qug sg lgmtrd lgmtrd gm nd gvdnudl`üm kg nds pgrscmds `apn`ldkds gm gm gn kgsdrrcnnc kgn prcordad, y gm gn luapn`a`gmtc kg nds dlt`v`kdkgs, tdmtc nds prcp`dagmtg gkuldt`vds lcac nds kg dpcyc. l. Gvdnudl`üm kg ncs rgsuntdkcs, kümkg sg gvdnòd gn `apdltc qug ed tgm`kc gn prcordad prcordad scirg nds pgrscmds, gn orupc dn qug `id k`r`o`kc y scirg ncs fdltcrgs dai`gmtdngs. k. F`mdnagmtg sg gvdnudrä nd agbcrd agbcrd kg ncs `mk`ldkcrgs kg sdnuk y/c gn igmgf`l`c scl`dn lcms`ou`gmtg.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
I. Lr`tgr`cs D nd ecrd kg crodm`zdr y kgsdrrcnndr gstcs prcordads sg kgig tgmgr gm lugmtd ncs s`ou`gmtgs lr`tgr`cs2 - Ldpdl`tdl`üm kg ncs `mk`v`kucs, pdrd edlgrncs lcmsl`gmtgs kg sus prcingads y kg nd mglgs`kdk mglgs`kdk kg iusldr scnul`cmgs d trdvàs kg sus prcp`cs gsfugrzcs, lcm nc ludn sg cit`gmg um agbcrda`gmtc rgdn gm nds lcmk`l`cmgs kg v`kd. - Xdrt`l`pdl`üm y lcmsgmt`a`gmtc kg nd lcaum`kdk. - \gms`i`n`zdl`üm \gms`i`n`zd l`üm kg nd lcaum`kdk rgspgltc d sus vgrkdkgrds mglgs`kdkgs, d trdvàs kg umd gkuldl`üm scstgm`kd. - Xrcacvgr umd dlt`tuk gm nd pcindl`üm rgspgltc rgspgltc d sus prcingads. Gn ldai`c kg dlt`tuk kg nd pcindl`üm gs tdm `apcrtdmtg `ap crtdmtg lcac nds rgdn`zdl`cmgs adtgr`dngs. - Lcms`kgrdr ncs pdtrcmgs pdtrcmgs lunturdngs y lcmst`tu`r lcmst`tu`r gn pumtc kg pdrt`kd pdrd ncs ldai`cs kgsgdkcs. - Lcmst`tu`r gqu`pcs kg trdidbc qug dsgourgm nd lcmt`mu`kd lcmt`mu`kdk k kg nds dll`cmgs edstd qug ncs ldai`cs scl`dngs kgsgdkcs sg gstdi`n`lgm. - Xdrt`l`pdl`üm gm ncs prcordads nd lcaum`kdk, ncs tàlm`lcs, g `mlnusc ncs aum`l`p`cs y gn Gstdkc.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
L. Yglurscs Gs lcmvgm`gmtg d nd ecrd kg dpn`ldr ludnqu`gr prcordad, gn s`stgadt`zdr ncs rglurscs qug pugkgm usdrsg, tgm`gmkc gm lugmtd qug gx`stgm trgs t`pcs kg rglurscs2 - Yglurscs euadmcs. - Orupcs kg nd lcaum`kdk. - K`r`ogmtgs vcldngs. - Vcnumtdr`cs. - Yglurscs tàlm`lcs g `mst`tul`cmdngs. - @mst`tul`cmgs k`vgrsds kg nd lcaum`kdk. - Xrcfgs`cmdngs. - Yglurscs adtgr`dngs. - Gstdingl`a`gmtcs lcagrl`dngs g `mkustr`dngs. - Dyukd gxtrdôd d nd lcaum`kdk.
K. Fdltcrgs D nd ecrd kg gndicrdr um prcordad dkgludkc kg GX\ pdrd umd lcaum`kdk gspgláf`ld sg kgigm tgmgr gm lugmtd ncs s`ou`gmtgs fdltcrgs2 - E`stcr`d y gvcnul`üm kg nd lcaum`kdk: m`vgn kg kgsdrrcnnc dltudn. - @mfcradl`üm ogcoräf`ld, tcpcoräf`ld, ln`aät`ld, lcaum`ldl`cmgs, gtl. - Kgacordfád, gstrulturd y k`mäa`ld kg nd pcindl`üm: tgmkgml`ds. - Dlt`tukgs lcapcrtda`gm lcapcrtda`gmtcs tcs scl`dngs, act`vdl`cm act`vdl`cmgs, gs, lcstuairgs y trdk`l`cmgs, lrggml`ds, rgn`o`cmgs, rgndl`cmgs `mtgr-orupcs. - Dai`gmtg fás`lc, i`cnüo`lc, lunturdn, scl`dn, ps`lcscl`dn. - @mfcradl`üm scl`cglcmüa`ld2 dlt`v`kdk y prckull`üm, sdndr`cs g `morgscs, `morgscs, lcstc lcstc kg v`kd. - @mfcradl`üm gp`kga`cnüo`ld: nd s`tudl`üm s`tudl`üm sdm`tdr`d y gn m`vgn kg sdnuk kg nd pcindl`üm. pcindl`üm. - Nds mglgs`kdkgs mglgs`kdkgs sgmt`kds y nds dsp`rdl`cmgs kg nd lcaum`kdk: nd kgadmkd, gn lcmsuac lcmsuac aàk`lc sdm`tdr`c. - Gkuldl`üm, dnfdigt`sac, `mst`tul`cmgs lunturdngs, rgv`stds, i`in`ctglds, ausgcs, gtl. - Dlt`tukgs y lcapcrtda`gmtcs frgmtg d nd sdnuk-gmfgragkdk. - Yglurscs euadmcs, prgsupugstcs, gstdingl`a`gmtcs, gtl., pdrd nd sdnuk. sdnuk. - Ncs prgsupugstcs kg nd lcaum`kdk.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
<.6 @mvgst`odl`üm gm GX\ Nd `mvgst`odl`üm gm GX\ gs gn prclgk`a`gmtc dkgludkc pdrd lcmvgrt`r gn trdidbc prcfgs`cmdn c kclgmtg gm `mvgst`odl`üm s`m qug gstc supcmod umd tdrgd dôdk`kd. Gn kclgmtg qug `mvgst`od gs umd pgrscmd qug rgfngx`cmd scirg su prcp`c qugedlgr k`dr`c pdrd `r agbcrdmkc ncs rgsuntdkcs d trdvàs kg umd rgtrc`mfcradl`üm l`gmtáf`ld. Kgslr`i`r nc qug clurrg gm gn äai`tc kg trdidbc (dund c lgmtrc), gxpn`ldr ncs fdltcrgs qug lcmk`l`cmdm ncs rgsuntdkcs, y lcaprgmkgr nds rgndl`cmgs y fuml`cmgs qug sg prckulgm gm k`lecs gspdl`cs scm tdrgds prcp`ds kg nd `m vgst`odl`üm gm GX\. Gn aàtckc kg `mvgst`odl`üm gs gn lda`mc qug vdacs d sgou`r pdrd prcfumk`zdr gm gn lcmcl`a`gmtc kg nd GX\, pcr tdmtc, nd agtckcncoád kg nd `mvgst`odl`üm gs gn „`mstruagmtc‑ qug ut`n`zdacs gm ldkd ldsc. Nd rgdn`kdk gkuldt`vd kg nd GX\ dlcog gm su sgmc gngagmtcs kg mdturdngzd auy k`vgrsd, pcr nc qug gn aàtckc tdai`àm sgrä vdr`dkc, aònt`png, yd qug nd agtckcncoád kg nd `mvgst`odl`üm gstä s`gaprg dn sgrv`l`c kg nd `mvgst`odl`üm, kg nd rgdn`kdk qug gstuk`d, y mc d nd `mvgrsd. Kgigacs ut`n`zdr umd ordm k`vgrs`kdk kg tàlm`lds agtckcnüo`lds sgoòm gn lcmtgxtc scl`dn kcmkg `mvgst`ougacs, y nds pcs`i`n`kdkgs tàlm`lds qug tgmgacs gm ldkd acagmtc.
Ncs „ordmkgs lda`mcs‑ pcr kcmkg pckgacs dkgmtrdrmcs pdrd `mvgst`odr dnoòm dspgltc kg nd gkuldl`üm rgl`igm gn mcairg kg pdrdk`oads y scm trgs2 - Kgkull`üm2 prclgkgr kg nc ogmgrdn d nc pdrt`lundr. - @mkull`üm2 dmdn`zdr kgskg nc pdrt`lundr edl`d nc ogmgrdn. - @mtu`l`üm2 lcmclgr kg ackc k`rgltc nd gv`kgml`d gv`kgml`d kg nc rgdn. rgdn. Ncs m`vgngs kg `mvgst`odl`üm gm GX\ sg gstdinglgm sgoòm nd f`mdn`kdk kg nd `mvgst`odl`üm a`sad. \` sg trdtd kg kgsdrrcnndr nd tgcrád kg nd GX\ mcs gmlcmtrdacs gm gn m`vgn kg `mvgst`odl`üm iäs`ld. \` nd f`mdn`kdk gs gn kgsdrrcnnc kg ackgncs kg `mtgrvgml`üm gm GX\ qug rgsugnvdm prcingads, nd `mvgst`odl`üm gstdrä gm um m`vgn tglmcnüo`lc u cpgrdl`cmdn. P, gm tgrlgr nuodr, nuod r, s` nd f`mdn`kdk kg nd `mvgst`odl`üm gs nd agbcrd kg nd prält`ld scl`dn gm GX\ gstdrgacs gm gn m`vgn kg `mvgst`odl`üm-dll`üm. ` mvgst`odl`üm-dll`üm. Kgmtrc kg nds ackdn`kdkgs aäs ut`n`zdkds gm `mvgst`odl`üm gm GX\ pckgacs gmlcmtrdr2
d) Aàtckc kgslr`pt`vc2 - @mvgst`odl`üm pcr gmlugstd. - Dmän`s`s prcfgs`coräf`l prcfgs`coräf`lc. c. - Gstuk`c kg ldapc. - Gstuk`cs lcrrgndl`cmdngs. - Gstuk`cs kg ldscs. - Gstuk`cs ldusdngs lcapdrdt`vcs. - Gstuk`cs n`mgdngs. - Gstuk`cs trdmsvgrsdngs. - @kgmt`f`ldl`üm kg tgmkgml`ds. i) Aàtckc e`stür`lc2 - Dmän`s`s i`in`caàtr`lc.
gk`tcr`dn } lgp
- Gstuk`cs kg ldtdncodl`üm. l) Aàtckc lcapdrdkc. k) Aàtckc sga`üt`lc - Dmän`s`s kg lcmtgm`kcs. - K`fgrgml`dn sgaämt`lc. g) Aàtckc rgfngx`vc. f) Aàtckc glcnüo`lc. o) Aàtckc fgmcagmcnüo`lc. e) Aàtckc gxpgr`agmtdn.
Gsqugad ?
GKWLDL@ÜM XDYD ND \DNWK. \DN WK. LCMLGX[C @mtrckull`üm Nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk (GX\) ed s`kc lcms`kgrdkd lcac umc kg ncs ldapcs kg `mmcvdl`üm kg nd Ygfcrad Gkuldt`vd gm lursc gm Gspdôd, y lcird ldkd vgz adycr `apcrtdml`d lcac ärgd kg trdidbc pgkdoüo`lc gm nd gkuldl`üm rgondkd y gm nd gkuldl`üm scl`dn (mc rgondkd) \`m gaidroc, nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk (GX\) gs umd prält`ld dmt`oud, dumqug ed vdr`dkc sustdml`dnagmtg gm ludmtc d su gmfcqug `kgcnüo`lc y agtckcnüo`lc lcac lcmsglugml`d kg ncs ldai`cs pdrdk`oaät`lcs gm rgndl`üm d nd sdnuk2 Kg um lcmlgptc kg sdnuk lcac mc gmfgragkdk edl`d ctrc aäs oncidn, qug lcms`kgrd nd sdnuk lcac nd oncidn`kdk k`mäa`ld kg i`gmgstdr fás`lc, psáqu`lc y scl`dn
Gvcnul`üm e`stür`ld Kurdmtg aulec t`gapc gn tàra`mc Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d ed s`kc gmtgmk`kc lcac nd lcaum`ldl`üm gxlnus`vd gm sünc kcs k`rgll`cmgs, gstc gs, edl`d dfugrd y edl`d didbc, kg lcmcl`a`gmtcs sdm`tdr`cs d pgrscmds qug supugstdagmtg tgmádm n`a`tdkcs lcmcl`a`gmtcs scirg tgads rgndl`cmdkcs lcm nd sdnuk. Xcr nc tdmtc ncs òm`lcs prcfgs`cmdngs ldpdl`tdkcs pdrd gstdinglgr tdmtc nds mglgs`kdkgs lcac nds pr`cr`kdkgs \dnuk edm s`kc trdk`l`cmdnagmtg ncs prcfgs`cmdngs sdm`tdr`cs \`m gaidroc, ordl`ds d nd mugvd fcrad `mtgordkcrd kg gmtgmkgr gstcs prcingads, edm lcagmzdkc d tgmgrsg gm lugmtd pcr um ndkc nds mglgs`kdkgs y pcr ctrc nd kgadmkd kg nd pcindl`üm. P pdrd nngvdr d ldic gstd mugvd fcrad kg trdtdr nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d sg lugmtd tdai`àm lcm ncs rglurscs y lcmcl`a`gmtcs kg nd pcindl`üm, dsá lcac sg ut`n`zd d ctrcs prcfgs`cmdngs, qug sg ed v`stc qug gstäm pngmdagmtg `apn`ldkcs tdai`àm gm nd sdnuk kgskg sus ärgds kg lcmcl`a`gmtc, lcac scm ncs ps`lüncocs, gkuldkcrgs, scl`üncocs, y um ndroc gtlàtgrd
Lcmlgptc kg gkuldl`üm Xumtc kg v`std gt`acnüo`lc2 nd pdndird Gkuldr prcv`gmg, fcmàt`ld y acrfcnüo`ldagmtg, kg „GKWLDYG‑ (LCMKWL@Y, OW@DY, CY@GM[DY) \gaämt`ldagmtg rglcog tdai`àm gn sgmt`kc kg „GKWLGYG‑ (Edlgr sdn`r gxtrdgr, kdr d nuz) Gstc ed lcmkul`kc, d nc ndroc kg nd e`stcr`d, d nd lcgx`stgml`d kg kcs ackgncs lcmlgptudngs iäs`lcs kgmtrc kgn ldapc kg nd gkuldl`üm2 um ackgnc k`rglt`vc c kg `mtgrvgml`üm, y um ackgnc kg gxtrdll`üm c kgsdrrcnnc, rgfgr`kc d nd vgrs`üm „gkulgrg‑
Lcmlgptc kg gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Xgráckc lnäs`lc Xgráckc dltudn
Cibgt`vcs kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Cibgt`vcs ogmgrdngs Cibgt`vcs gspgláf`lcs
ÄAI@[C\ KG DL[WDL@ÜM Dogmtgs kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Xrcfgs`cmdngss sdm`tdr`cs Xrcfgs`cmdng Xrcfgs`cmdngs mc sdm`tdr`cs Xrcfgs`cmdngs Xrcfgs`cmdngs kg nd gmsgôdmzd Xrcfgs`cmdngs kg nd lcaum`ldl`üm
Ldapcs kg dll`üm kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Gn ldapc kg dll`üm kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d nc lcmst`tuygm ncs `mk`v`kucs, ncs orupcs y, gm kgf`m`t`vd, tckd nd lcnglt`v`kdk \`gaprg kgig tgmgrsg gm lugmtd nd rgdn`kdk lunturdn kg ncs `mk`v`kucs c orupcs d ncs ludngs k`r`o`acs nd dll`üm gkuldt`vd, gs kgl`r, nds l`rlumstdml`ds kg v`kd pgrscmdn qug lcmf`ourdm nd rgdn`kdk kg ldkd `mk`v`kuc. Gstg dmän`s`s kg nd rgdn`kdk mcs kgacstrdrä nd k`vgrs`kdk kg mglgs`kdkgs, y bust`f`ldr nd gx`stgml`d kg k`fgrgmtgs prcordads lcm cibgt`vcs y gstrdtgo`ds k`st`mtds
Ärgds kg dpn`ldl`üm kg nd gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk Gn agk`c gslcndr Nd gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk gm gn agk`c gslcndr t`gmg lcac f`mdn`kdk `mlunldr dlt`tukgs, lcmcl`a`gmtcs y eäi`tcs pcs`t`vcs kg sdnuk dn m`ôc, dn bcvgm c dkcngslgmtg, kgpgmk`gmkc kg nds k`st`mtds gtdpds, pdrd fdvcrglgr su lrgl`a`gmtc y kgsdrrcnnc, gn fcagmtc kg nd \dnuk y nd prgvgml`üm kg nds gmfgragkdkgs gv`tdings gm ldkd pgráckc, prgv`dagmtg gstdingl`kds Gn agk`c ndicrdn Nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk gm gn agk`c ndicrdn kgig k`r`o`r sus gstrdtgo`ds pr`ml`pdnagmtg d `mfcradr d ncs trdid trdidbdkcrgs scirg ncs r`gsocs dai`gmtdngs d qug gstäm gxpugstcs y qug pugkgm nngodr d tgmgr ordvgs `apn`ldl`cmgs pdrd su \dnuk y nd kg su fda`n`d, k`rgltd c `mk`rgltdagmtg Nd tgrlgrd gkdk Gstg prcordad kgig gstdr pndm`f`ldkc kgmtrc kgn äai`tc kg nd Xrgvgml`üm Xr`adr`d y \glumkdr`d s`m cnv`kdr nd Xrgvgml`üm [grl`dr`d, qug lugmtd gmtrg sus cibgt`vcs, nd rg`msgrl`üm scl`dn kgn `mk`v`kuc, gm gstg ldsc supugstdagmtg sdmc. Xcr ctrd pdrtg kgig `apngagmtdrsg gm pr`agr nuodr gm nd n d Ds`stgml`d Xr`adr`d lccrk`mämkcsg lcm ncs prcordads kg Dtgml`üm gspgl`dn`zdkd Gn agk`c scl`dn gm ogmgrdn Gm ludmtc d ncs prcordads kg gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk kgst`mdkcs d nd pcindl`üm gm ogmgrdn egacs kg rgsdntdr nd `apcrtdml`d kg nd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk gm gn äai`tc kgn agk`c scl`dn. Gm gstg ldsc, sus cibgt`vcs kgigm `r k`r`o`kcs d fcagmtdr y prctgogr nd \dnuk kg nd pcindl`üm agk`dmtg dll`cmgs gkuldt`vds, `mtgmtdmkc lcmsgou`r gm pr`agr nuodr qug nd sdnuk dnldmlg gn pr`agr pugstc gm su gsldnd kg vdncrgs, grrdk`ldmkc nds dlt`tukgs, lcmcl`a`gmtcs y eäi`tcs `msdmcs, y prcacv`gmkc dqugnncs mugvcs eäi`tcs prält`lds sdnukdings kgfgmk`kcs pcr ncs k`fgrgmtgs gstuk`cs gp`kga`cnüo`lcs gm ldkd ldsc
AG[CKCNCOÁD G @MVG\[@ODL@ÜM Agtckcncoád Fdltcrgs Ldrdltgrást`ldss kg ncs prcordads kg GX\ Ldrdltgrást`ld
Ackgncs kg `mtgrvgml`üm gm gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Xumtc kg v`std gkuldl`cmdn c pgkdoüo`lc Ackgnc `mfcradt`vc Ackgnc act`vdl`cmdn Ackgnc glcnüo`lc glcmüa`lc Xumtc kg v`std kg nd dpn`ldl`üm kg nd Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d Ackgnc i`caàk`lc, ds`stgml`dn c trdk`l`cmdn. Ackgnc Xrgvgmt`vc c Lrát`lc Ackgnc Lcaum`tdr`c c Xdrt`l`pdt`vc Ctrds tdxcmcaáds kg ncs ackgncs kg Gkuldl`üm \dm`tdr`d2 \dm`tdr`d2 Ackgncs trdk`l`cmdngs Ackgncs lnäs`lcs Mugvcs ackgncs
Aàtckcs y agk`cs kg nd gkuldl`üm sdm`tdr`d Aàtckcs I@K@YGLL@CMDNG\ c sclrät`lcs Aàtckcs WM@K@YGLL@C WM@K@YGLL@CMDNG\ MDNG\ Aàtckcs K@YGL[C\ Aàtckcs @MK@YGL[C\ Gkuldl`üm pdrd dn sdnuk `mk`v`kudn Gn K`dncoc Nd Lndsg Nd Ledrnd Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk orupdn Ird`mstcra`mo ([cragmtd kg `kgds) Gn gstuk`c kg ldscs Aàtckc kg rcng-pndy`mo Xe`n`ps 6.6 [àlm`ld kgn lule`legc [àlm`ld kgn ruacr
Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk lcaum`tdr`d Nd lcaum`kdk sg k`fgrgml`d kg nd scl`gkdk gm, qug àstd gs um lcmoncagrdkc aulec adycr, egtgrcoàmgc lcm pgrf`ngs scl`cglcmüa`lcs auy vdr`dkcs, y gs dutcsuf`l`gmtg. Kgmtrc kg umd scl`gkdk pugkgm lcgx`st`r auleds lcaum`kdkgs
[àlm`lds kg gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk pdrd gn fcagmtc kgn dutclu`kdkc y prcacl`üm kg [àlm`lds nd sdnuk kgn pdl`gmtg, lu`kdkcr pr`ml`pdn y fda`n`d Ygqu`s`tcs kg dutclu`kdkc Ygqu`s`tcs um`vgrsdngs kg dutclu`kdkc Ygqu`s`tcs kg dutclu`kdkc pdrd gn kgsdrrcnnc Ygqu`s`tcs kg dutclu`kdkc gm ldsc kg kgsv`dl`üm kg nd sdnuk [`pcs kg s`stgads kg gmfgragrád pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc (Kcrctegd Crga) \`stgads kg gmfgragrád tctdnagmtg lcapgmsdtcr`cs \`stgads pdrl`dnagmtg lcapgmsdtcr`cs \`stgads kg dpcyc gkuldt`vc Cibgt`vcs kg nd gkuldl`üm pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc Ldrdltgrást`lds kg nd gkuldl`üm pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc gm gn gmfgrac y fda`n`d Fdltcrgs qug fdvcrglgm gn dprgmk`zdbg ³Lüac sg dprgmkg3 ³Lüac sg ldai`d3 ³Lüac dyukdr d admtgmgr ncs ldai`cs3 Fdltcrgs qug pugkgm cistdlun`zdr gn dprgmk`zdbg Xcr pdrtg kgn usudr`c Xcr pdrtg kgn prcfgs`cmdn sdm`tdr`c Xcr pdrtg kg nd gstrulturd Xcr pdrtg kgn prcp`c prclgsc gkuldt`vc Gkuldl`üm pdrd gn dutclu`kdkc gm gn lu`kdkcr pr`ml`pdn Lcmlgptc kg lnduk`ldl`üm fda`n`dr Xrgvgml`üm kg nd lr`s`s kg lnduk`ldl`üm fda`n`dr Gm rgndl`üm lcm gn pdl`gmtg Gm rgndl`üm d ncs a`gaircs kgn orupc fda`n`dr Gstrdtgo`d pdrd lu`kdr dn lu`kdkcr
Lr`tgr`cs pdrd nd gndicrdl`üm kg Xrcordads kg gmfgragrád kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd \dnuk Xndm`f`ldl`üm kg prcordads prcordads kg Gkuldl`üm pdrd nd sdnuk (GX\) Dmän`s`s kgn prcingad @kgmt`f`ldl`üm kgn prcingad @kgmt`f`ldl`üm kg ncs fdltcrgs kg r`gsoc (FY) @kgmt`f`ldl`üm kgn orupc k`dmd scirg gn qug vdacs d dltudr
@kgmt`f`ldl`üm kg ncs kgtgra`mdmtgs lcom`t`vcs Xrcordadl`üm kg nds dlt`v`kdkgs gkuldt`vds Gvdnudl`üm Gvdnudl`üm kg nd gstrulturd Gvdnudl`üm kgn prclgsc Gvdnudl`üm kg ncs rgsuntdkcs F`mdnagmtg sg gvdnudrä nd agbcrd kg ncs `mk`ldkcrgs kg sdnuk y/c gn igmgf`l`c scl`dn lcms`ou`gmtg
Lr`tgr`cs Yglurscs Fdltcrgs
@mvgst`odl`üm gm GX\ Nd `mvgst`odl`üm gm GX\ gs gn prclgk`a`gmtc dkgludkc pdrd lcmvgrt`r gn trdidbc prcfgs`cmdn c kclgmtg gm `mvgst`odl`üm s`m qug gstc supcmod umd tdrgd dôdk`kd. Gn kclgmtg qug `mvgst`od gs umd pgrscmd qug rgfngx`cmd scirg su prcp`c qugedlgr k`dr`c pdrd `r agbcrdmkc ncs rgsuntdkcs d trdvàs kg umd rgtrc`mfcradl`üm l`gmtáf`ld. Kgslr`i`r nc qug clurrg gm gn äai`tc kg trdidbc (dund c lgmtrc), gxpn`ldr ncs fdltcrgs qug lcmk`l`cmdm ncs rgsuntdkcs, y lcaprgmkgr nds rgndl`cmgs y fuml`cmgs qug sg prckulgm gm k`lecs gspdl`cs scm tdrgds prcp`ds kg nd `mvgst`odl`üm gm GX\