LAPORAN HACCP “ROLADE TAHU ISI DAGING”
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LE/0AR PERSETU,UAN
LAPORAN HACCP PADA ROLADE TAHU ISI DAGING DI INSTALASI GIZI RSUD Dr. SYAIFUL ANWAR MALANG
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DAFTAR ISI
LEM)AR PERSETU*UAN............................... PERSETU*UAN...................................................... .............................................. ...............................i ........i +ATA PENGANTAR.............................. PENGANTAR..................................................... .............................................. ........................................ii .................ii DAFTAR ISI.............................................. ISI..................................................................... .............................................. .....................................iii ..............iii DAFTAR TA)EL................................... TA)EL.......................................................... .............................................. .........................................i, ..................i, DAFTAR GAM)AR...................................... GAM)AR............................................................. .............................................. .................................., ..........., )A) I PENDAHULUAN........................... PENDAHULUAN.................................................. .............................................. ....................................' .............' A. Latar )ela-a"#............................. )ela-a"#.................................................... .............................................. .........................................' ..................' ). Ruusa" Masalah........................... Masalah.................................................. .............................................. .................................( ..........( C. Tuua"...... Tuua"........... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..... .........( .........( D. Ma"/aat.......................... Ma"/aat................................................. .............................................. .............................................. .......................0 0 )A) )A) II TIN* TIN*AU AUAN AN PUSTA PUSTA+A +A.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...... .... .... ..1 1 A. Ha2ar! A"a3sis Criti4al C5"tr5l P5i"t 6HACCP7 ...............................1 ). De/i"isi Pr5!u- .............................................. ..................................................................... ..............................'( .......'( C. )aha" 8 )aha" Pe&uata" 9R5la!e 9R5la!e tahu isi i si !a#i"#: !a #i"#:................................'0 ................................'0 )A) III METODE PENGAMATAN............................ PENGAMATAN................................................... ................................(( .........(( A. Te;at Da" Wa-tu.................................................................................... Wa-tu.................................................................................... (( ). *e"is Data................................................................................................... Data................................................................................................... (( C. Cara Pe"#u Pe"#u;ula ;ula" " Data.............................................................................(0 )A) I< HASIL DAN HASIL DAN PEM) PEM)AHAS AHASAN AN......................................................... ......................................................... ..... ..... (1 (1 A. A"alisa Masalah......................................................................................... Masalah......................................................................................... (1 ). Pe"era;a" HACCP ;a!a 9Pe"#5laha" R5la! R5la!ee tahu ta hu isi !a#i" !a#i"#: #: :... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..(1 (1 C. Pe&aha e&ahasa" sa" ........ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................. ................. ................ ................ ................ .............. ........... ......... .... 11 )A) I< +ESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .......................................................... .. . . . . .=' A. +esi;ula"................................................................................................ +esi;ula"................................................................................................ =' ). Sara"...................... Sara"............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ....................................... ................ =$ DAFTAR PUSTA+A
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DAFTAR GA/0AR
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0A0 I PENDAHULUAN A6 Laar 0elakan2
Ruah sa-it eru;a-a" salah satu sara"a -esehata" 3a"# ee#a"# ;era"a" ;e"ti"# u"tu- e"i"#-at-a" !eraat -esehata" as3ara-at. Fu"#si !ari ruah sa-it e&eri-a" ;ela3a"a" 3a"# se;ur"aB &ai- ;e"4e#aha" au;u" ;e"#5&ata" ;e"3a-it 6SalaatiB $%%@7. Pela3a"a" #i2i !i ruah sa-it eru;a-a" /a-t5r ;e"u"a"# !ala ra"#-a e"i"#-at-a" status #i2i ;asie" 6De;-esB '%7. Pe"3ele"##araa"
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Sa"itasi a-a"a" eru;a-a" salah satu u;a3a ;e"4e#aha" 3a"# e"iti &erat-a" ;a!a -e#iata" !a" ti"!a-a" 3a"# ;erlu u"tu- e&e&as-a" a-a"a" !a" i"ua" !ari se#ala &aha3a 3a"# !a;at e"##a"##u atau erusa- -esehata" ulai !ari se&elu a-a"a" !i;r5!u-siB selaa ;r5ses ;e"#5laha"B ;e"3ia;a"B ;e"#a"#-uta"B ;e"3aia" sa;ai ;a!a saat !ia"a a-a"a" !a" i"ua" sia; u"tu- !i-5"susi -5"sue" 6PGRSB $%%@7. Mutu ;a"#a" !i"ilai atas !asar -riteria -eaa"a" ;a"#a"B -a"!u"#a" #i2i !a" sta"!ar ;er!a#a"#a" terha!a; &aha" a-a"a" !a" i"ua". Ma-a"a" 3a"# &er-ualitas &ai-B selai" ;e"a;ila" 3a"# e"ari-B &er"ilai #i2i ti"##iB u#a harus &ersihB aa" serta ti!a- e"i&l-a" &aha3a &a#i -esehata". +e&ersiha" !a" ;e"3ehata" eru;a-a" sta"!art utaa 3a"# harus !ila-sa"-a" !ala ;e"3e!iaa" a-a"a" &erutu !a" aa" &a#i as3ara-at. U"tu- e;er5leh a-a"a" 3a"# &erutu a-a harus !itera;-a" la"#-ah ;e"#e"!alia" utu se4ara a"!iri. Pela-sa"aa" ;e"#e"!alia" utu salah satu"3a 3aitu !e"#a" e"era;-a" A"alisis )aha3a Titi- +e"!ali +ritisB atau Ha2art A"al3sis Criti4al C5"tr5l P5i"t 6HACCP7. HACCP a!alah suatu ;e"!e-ata" u"tue"#e"al !a" e"#u-ur ti"#-at &aha3aB e"!u#a ;er-iraa" risi-5 !a" e"eta;-a" u-ura" 3a"# te;at !ala ;e"#aasa"B !e"#a" e"iti- &erat-a" ;a!a ;e"4e#aha" !a" ;e"#e"!alia" ;r5ses ;e"#5laha" a-a"a". 6De;-es RIB $%%'7. +5"se; HACCP !a;at !a" harus !itera;-a" ;a!a seluruh ata ra"tai ;r5!u-si a-a"a"B salah satu"3a a!alah ;a!a e"u a-a"a" lu"a- 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: 3a"# terasu- salah satu e"u 3a"# eerlu-a" ti"!a-a" ;e"#aasa" atau HACCPB -are"a elihat &aha" &a-u &eru;a telur 3a"# re"ta" terha!a; &aha3a.
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Selai" &erasal !ari &aha" &a-uB &aha3a u#a !a;at ti&ul ;a!a saat ;e"eriaa"B ;e"3i;a"a"B ;e"!istri&usia" !a" ;e"3aia". )aha3a !a;at ti&ul &ila -ualitas telur ti!a- sesuai s;esi/i-asiB a!a"3a -5"tai"asi !e"#a" &aha" lai" saat ;e"#a"#-uta" !a" -e&ersiha" &ai- alat au;u" te;at ;e"eriaa". U"tu- e"#etahui &aha3a 3a"# u"#-i" !a;at tera!i !ari e"u a-a"a" lu"a- 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: 3a"# !isai-a"B a-a ;e"ulis e"45&a ela-u-a" ;e"#aata" ;a!a hi!a"#a" terse&ut se&a#ai ;e"era;a" HACCP !i I"stalasi #i2i RSU Persaha&ata".
06 Ru&usan /asalah
A;a-ah !ala ;r5!u-si 5laha" telur &eru;a 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSU Persaha&ata" su!ah e"era;-a" ;e"#aasa" utu ;a"#a"
C6 Tu7uan #6 Tu7uan U&u&
Pe"#aasa" utu ;a"#a" ;r5!u- lau- hea"i 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: sta"!ar e"u a-a"a" lu"a- !i I"stalasi #i2i RSU Persaha&ata". !6
Tu7uan .husus
Me"!es-ri;si-a" ;r5!u- lau- hea"i 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: a. Me"!es-ri;si-a" i!e"ti/i-asi &aha3a !a" 4ara ;e"a"##ula"#a""3a. &. Me"!es-ri;si-a" ;e"era;a" CCP 4. Me"!es-ri;si-a" ;e"eta;a" &atas -ritis !. Me"!es-ri;si-a" ;ea"taua" CCP e. Me"!es-ri;si-a" ti"!a-a" -5re-si terha!a; ;e"3i;a"#a" CCP.
D6 /an8aa Peneliian
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Da;at !i#u"a-a" se&a#ai ai"a" ;r5!u- a-a"a" &a#i ;asie" raat i"a; !i RSU Persaha&ata".
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Da;at e;er&ai-i 4ara ;e"#5laha" a-a"a" !e"#a" ;erhatia" -husus ;a!a ;r5ses 3a"# !ia"##a; -ritis.
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Me"a&ah ;e"#etahua" ahasisa !ala ;e"era;a" HACCP.
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0A0 II TIN,AUAN PUSTA.A i6
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Ha9ar' Anaysis Crii1al C*nr*l P*in HACCP;
Pen2erian HACCP
Ha2ar! A"al3sis a"! Criti4al C5"tr5l P5i"t 6HACCP7 atau A"alisis )aha3a !a" Pe"#e"!alia" Titi- +ritis a!alah suatu a"alisis 3a"# !ila-u-a" terha!a; &aha"B ;r5!u-B atau ;r5ses u"tu- e"e"tu-a" -5;5"e"B -5"!isi atau taha; ;r5ses 3a"# harus e"!a;at-a" ;e"#aasa" 3a"# -etat !e"#a" tuua" u"tu- e"ai" &aha ;r5!u- 3a"# !ihasil-a" aa" !a" ee"uhi ;ers3arata" 3a"# !iteta;-a". HACCP eru;a-a" suatu siste ;e"#aasa" 3a"# &ersi/at e"4e#ah 6;re,e"ti/7 terha!a; -eu"#-i"a" tera!i"3a -era4u"a" atau ;e"3a-it elalui a-a"a". Siste HACCP e;u"3ai ti#a ;e"!e-ata" ;e"ti"# !ala ;e"#aasa" !a" ;e"#e"!alia" utu ;r5!u- ;a"#a"B 3aitu 6'7 -eaa"a" ;a"#a" 6/55! sa/et37B 3aitu as;e-as;e- !ala ;r5ses ;r5!u-si 3a"# !a;at e"3e&a&-a" ti&ul"3a ;e"3a-it 6$7 -esehata" !a" -e&ersiha" ;a"#a" 6h5les5e"ess7B eru;a-a" -ara-teristi- ;r5!u- atau ;r5ses !ala -aita""3a !e"#a" -5"tai"asi ;r5!u- atau /asilitas sa"itasi !a" hi#ie"e 6(7 -e4ura"#a" e-5"5i 6e45"5i4 /rau!7B 3aitu ti"!a-a" ile#al atau ;e"3elee"#a" 3a"# !a;at eru#i-a" -5"sue". Ti"!a-a" i"i a"tara lai" eli;uti ;ealsua" &aha" &a-uB ;e"##u"aa" &aha" ta&aha" 3a"# &erle&iha"B &erat 3a"# ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" la&elB 95,er#la2i"#: !a" ulah 3a"# -ura"# !ala -easa" +5"se; HACCP !a;at !a" harus !itera;-a" ;a!a seluruh ata ra"tai ;r5!u-si a-a"a"B salah satu"3a a!alah !ala i"!ustri ;a"#a". Hu&eis 6'=7 &er;e"!a;at &aha ;e"era;a" GMP !a" HACCP eru;a-a" i;lee"tasi !ari
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ai"a" utu ;a"#a" sehi"##a !a;at !ihasil-a" ;r5!u-si 3a"# ti"##i !a" &erutu 5leh ;r5!use" 3a"# ;a!a a-hir"3a a-a" e"4i;ta-a" -e;uasa" &a#i -5"sue". !6
Prinsi< HACCP
Tuuh Pri"si; HACCP 3aitu A"alisis &aha3a e"#i!e"ti/i-asi ;5te"si &aha3a 3a"# &erhu&u"#a" !e"#a" ;r5!u-si ;a"#a" ;a!a seua taha;a"B ulai !ari usaha ta"iB ;e"a"#a"a"B ;e"#5laha" !i ;a&ri- !a" !istri&usiB sa;ai -e;a!a titi- ;r5!u- ;a"#a" !i-5"susi. Pe"ilaia" -eu"#-i"a" tera!i"3a &aha3a !a" e"e"tu-a" ti"!a-a" ;e"4e#aha" u"tu- ;e"#e"!alia""3a. '.
Me"#i!e"ti/i-asi Criti4al C5"tr5l P5i"t 6CCP7. Me"e"tu-a" titi- atau taha; ;r5se!ur 5;erasi5"al 3a"# !a;at !i-e"!ali-a" u"tu- e"#hila"#-a" &aha3a atau e"#ura"#i -eu"#-i"a" tera!i"3a &aha3a terse&ut. CCP &erarti setia; taha;a" !i!ala ;r5!u-si ;a"#a" !a"?atau ;a&ri- 3a"# eli;uti sea- &aha" &a-u 3a"# !iteriaB !a"?atau !i;r5!u-siB ;a"e"B !ia"#-utB /5rulasiB !i5lahB !isi;a" !a" lai" se&a#ai"3a.
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Me"eta;-a" &atas -ritis setia; CCP. Me"eta;-a" &atas -ritis 3a"# harus !i4a;ai u"tu- e"ai" &aha CCP &era!a !ala -e"!ali.
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Me"eta;-a" ;r5se!ur ,eri/i-asi 3a"# e"4a-u; !ari ;e"#uia" ta&aha" !a" ;r5se!ur ;e"3esuaia" 3a"# e"3ata-a" &aha siste HACCP &erala" e/e-ti/.
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Me"eta;-a" ;e"3i;a"a" 4atata" !a" !5-ue"tasiB e"#e&a"#-a" !5-ue"tasi e"#e"ai seua ;r5se!ur !a" ;e"4atata" 3a"# te;at u"tu ;ri"si;;ri"si; i"i !a" ;e"era;a""3a
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0ahaya Pa'a 0ahan Pan2an
)aha3a !ala ;a"#a"B 3a"# !a;at !i-el5;5--a" -e !alala ti#a e"isB 3aitu &aha3a &i5l5#isB &aha3a -iia !a" &aha3a /isi-. )aha3a &i5l5#is a!alah &aha3a &eru;a 4eara" i-r5&a ;e"3e&a& ;e"3a-it 6;at5#e"7B ,irusB !a" ;arasit 3a"# !a;at e"3e&a&-a" -era4u"a" atau ;e"3a-it i-a tera-a" 5leh a"usia. Ceara" i-r5&a i"i !a;at &erasal !ari u!araB ta"ahB air !a" te;atte;at lai""3a 3a"# -5t5r. Dei-aia" u#a ,irus he;atitis A !a" ;arasit isal"3a 4a4i"# !a;at &erasal !ari li"#-u"#a" 3a"# -5t5r. Uu"3a 4eara" i-r5&a !i&aa 5leh haa 3aitu sera"##a se;erti lalatB -e45a !a" &i"ata"# ;e"#erat se;erti ti-usB !a" &i"ata"# ;e&aa ;e"3a-it lai""3a. )aha3a +iia a!alah &aha3a &eru;a 4eara" &aha"&aha" -iia &era4u" 3a"# !a;at e"3e&a&-a" -era4u"a" atau ;e"3a-it i-a tera-a" 5leh a"usiaB se;erti resi!u ;estisi!aB l5#a &er&aha3aB ra4u" 3a"# se4ara alai ter!a;at !ala &aha" ;a"#a"B !a" 4eara" &aha" -iia lai""3a. )aha3a /isi- a!alah &aha3a -are"a a!a"3a 4eara"4eara" /isi- se;erti &e"!a&e"!a asi"# 3a"# !a;at e&aha3a-a" a"usia i-a tera-a"B se;erti ;e4aha" #elasB ;e4aha" la;uB ;e4aha" l5#aB ;a-uB ;5t5"#a" -aatB -eri-ilB sta;ler !a" &e"!a asi"# lai""3a.
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0ahan Pan2an 'an Risik* 0ahaya
Risi-5 &aha3a !ari &aha" ;a"#a" atau a-a"a" sa"#at &era#a ter#a"tu"# a"tara lai" ;a!a e"is !a" te;at !i;er5leh"3aB !a" ;a!a ;e-a ti!a-"3a &aha" ;a"#a" atau a-a"a" itu terha!a; -erusa-a"B -husus"3a -erusa-a" -are"a i-r5&a.Uu"3a &aha" ;a"#a" 3a"# u!ah rusa- &erisi-5 e"#a"!u"# &aha3a &i5l5#is -are"a ter4ear i-r5&a. )aha" ;a"#a" 3a"# &ersi/at u!ah rusa- uu"3a e"#a"!u"# air !ala -a!ar 3a"# ti"##i sehi"##a u!ah !itu&uhi &a-teri. De"#a" !ei-ia"B &aha" ;a"#a" atau a-a" !i &aah i"i &erisi-5 e"#a"!u"# &aha3a &i5l5#is
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16
Pe"3i;a"a" !a#i"# ;a!a te;eratur !i"#i" !i;erlu-a" u"tu- e"#rua"#i -5"tai"asi atau e"#e"!ali-a" -erusa-a" !a" ;er-e&a"#a" 5r#a"ise. +erus-a" !a#i"# !a;at !i;er-e4il !e"#a" 4ara ;e"3i;a"a" !ala &e"tu- &elu !i;5t5"#;5t5"#. Me"urut S5e;ar"5 6'=7 ;e&e-ua" ti!a- e;u"3ai ;e"#aruh 3a"# &erarti terha!a; si/at -ualitati/ au;u" 5r#a"5le;ti- terasuar"aB /la,5r !a" -a!ar us !a#i"# setelah ;easa-a". Pe"3i;a"a" &e-u ;a!a te;eratur !i &aah '%%C a-a" sa"#at e"uru"-a" atau e"#ha&at ;ertu&uha" i-r55r#a"ise ;utre/a-ti/ !a" ;e&usu- 6F5rrest et al. '=1 !a" )rat2ler et al. '== !ala S5e;ar"5 $%%17. +eu"tu"#a" !ari te;eratur !i &aah titi- &e-u !ala e;er;a"a"# a-tu si;a" !ari !a#i"# 4e"!eru"# !ii&a"#i !e"#a" e-su!asi 4aira" 6!ri;7 ;a!a ;r5ses ;eleleha" 6thai"#7. Pr5tei"B ;e;ti!aB asa ai"5B asa la-tat ;uri"B ,itai" ) -5;le-s !a" &er&a#ai #ara a!alah !ia"tara 2at2at 3a"# e"3usu" 4aira" leleha" 6!ri; /lui!7 6Larie $%%(7. +ehila"#a" "utrie" !a#i"# &e-u tera!i selaa ;e"3e#ara" -e&aliB 3aitu a!a"3a "utrie" 3a"# larut !ala air !a" hila"# &ersaa 4aira" !a#i"# 3a"# -euar 6e-su!asi 4aira"7 3a"# la2i !ise&ut !ri;6S5e;ar"5 '=7. Pe"3e#ara" -e&ali !a#i"# &e-u !a;at !ila-u-a" !e"#a" 4ara atau ;era"taraa" u!ara !i"#i"B air ha"#atB air ;a!a te;eratur -aarB ;ea"asa"? ;easa-a" la"#su"# ta";a ;e"3e#ara" !a" u!ara ter&u-a. Da#i"# &e-u 3a"# su!ah se#ar -e&ali !a;at !i&e-u-a" -e&aliB teta;i harus e;erhati-a" te;eratur !a#i"# !a" laa"3a !a#i"# &e-u ;a!a -5"!isi se#ar. 6htt;??re;5sit5r3.i;&.a4.i!?&itstrea?ha"!le?'$(01@=>?11=1?&a&J$%ii. J$%ti"aua"J$%;usta-a.;!/seue"4e(7
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17
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6Setiaa"B'17. Rasa"3a re"3ahB a#a- a"is !a" e"a- !ia-a" la"#su"# e"tahe"tah. War"a u&i"3a 3a"# -u"i"# -eeraheraha" itu e;u"3ai -a!ar Car5te"e A 6;r5,itai" A7 3a"# sa"#at ti"##i selai" su&er ,itai" AB u&i 5rtel u#a e"#a"!u"# ,itai" )B ,itai" CB Mi"eral 6S5eit5B ''7. Di I"!5"esia 5rtel uu"3a !ita"a !i !atara" ti"##i ;a!a -eti"##ia" a"tara '%%%'$%% eter !i atas ;eru-aa" laut 6!;l7. Mes-i;u" !ei-ia" 5rtel !a;at ;ula !ita"a !i !atara" e!iu 3a"# -eti"##ia""3a le&ih !ari 1%% !;lB "au" ;r5!u-si !a" -ualitas"3a -ura"# euas-a". Ta"aa" 5rtel e&utuh-a" li"#-u"#a" tu&uh 3a"# suhu u!ara"3a !i"#i" !a" le&a&. Di "e#ara"e#ara 3a"# &eri-li se!a"# 6su& tr5;is7 ;er-e4a&aha" &e"ih 5rtel e&utuh-a" suhu i"iu C !a" a-siu $%C. Nau" u"tu ;ertu&uha" !a" ;r5!u-si u&i 3a"# 5;tial e&utuh-a" suhu u!ara a"tara '1B@ $'B'C. Suhu u!ara 3a"# terlalu ti"##i 6;a"as7 seri"#-ali e"3e&a&-a" u&i"3a -e4il-e4il 6a&"5ral7 !a" ar"a"3a ;u4at atau -usa. Se&ali-"3a &ila suhu terlalu re"!ah 6sa"#at !i"#i"7B a-a u&i 3a"# ter&e"tu- e"a!i ;a"a"# !a" -e4il 6Setiaa"B '17. 6htt;??re;5sit5r3.usu.a4.i!?&itstrea?'$(01@=>?$1(1%?0?Cha;ter J$%II.;!/ 7
19
W5rtel seri"# !ia"/aat-a" se&a#ai &aha" ;a"#a" sa3urB ;ear"a a-a"a" !a" i"ua"B serta &aha" raua" 5&at tra!isi5"al. U&i 5rtel e"#a"!u"#
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e. Dau" &aa"# Dau" &aa"# eru;a-a" e"is sa3ura" !ari -el5;5- &aa"# 3a"# &a"3a- !i#u"a-a" !ala asa-a". Dala se"i asa- I"!5"esiaB !au" &aa"# &isa !iteu-a" isal"3a !ala arta&a- telur B se&a#ai &a#ia" !ari s5;B atau se&a#ai &u&u ta&ur se;erti ;a!a s5t5. Dau" &aa"# se&e"ar"3a istilah uu 3a"# !a;at ter!iri !ari s;esies 3a"# &er&e!a. *e"is 3a"# ;ali"# uu !iu;ai a!alah &aa"# !au"6 Allium fistulosum7.
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se&a#ai sa3ura" atau
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se&a#ai re;ahre;ahB
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20
)aa"# ;utih a!alah "aa ta"aa" !ari #e"us Alliu se-ali#us "aa !ari u&i 3a"# !ihasil-a". U&i !ari ta"aa" &aa"# ;utih eru;a-a" &aha" utaa u"tu- &u&u !asar asa-a" I"!5"esia. )aa"# e"tah ;e"uh !e"#a" se"3aase"3aa sul/urB terasu- 2at -iia 3a"# !ise&ut allii" 3a"# e&uat &aa"# ;utih e"tah terasa #etir atau a"#ur. )aa"# ;utih !i#u"a-a" se&a#ai &u&u 3a"# !i#u"a-a" ha;ir !i setia; a-a"a" !a" asa-a" I"!5"esia. 6htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?)aa"#K;utih7 )aa"# erah 6 Allium cepa L. +el5;5- A##re#atu7 a!alah see"is ta"aa" 3a"# e"a!i &u&u &er&a#ai asa-a" Asia Te"##ara !a" !u"ia. Ora"# *aa e"#e"al"3a
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#. Gara Gara a!alah se"3aa atau i5" ;5siti/ &asa !e"#a" i5" "e#ati,e asaB isal"3a "atriu -l5ri!a 6NaCl7B a5"iu -l5ri!aB !a" "atriu asetat. Gara !i&uat !e"#a" 4ara4ara &eri-ut Pe"etrala" laruta" asa 5leh laruta" &asaB !isusul !e"#a" ;e"#ua;a" !a" ;e"#-ristala". Dua laruta" #araB -are"a ;e"#e"!a;a" salah satu ;r5!u- 6"atriu -l5ri!a ;era- "itratB ;era- -l5ri!a ;ra-tis seua"3a e"#e"!a;7. Peleleha" 5-si!a &asa atau se"3aa !ari 5-si!a asa atau se"3aa"3a. Pa!a ;r5ses i"i -ar&5" !i5-si!aB a5"ia-B !a" air a-a" terusir se&a#ai #as. Rea-si a"tara l5#a !a" u"sur &u-a" l5#a 6!e"#a" ;ea"asa" isal"3a &esi !a" &elera"#7. Gara 3a"# !i;a-ai 3aitu #ara &er35!iu. Gara &er35!iu a!alah #ara 3a"# telah !i;er-a3a !e"#a" 35!iu 3a"# !i&utuh-a" tu&uh u"tu ;ertu&uha" !a" -e4er!asa". Gara &er35!iu 3a"# !i#u"a-a" se&a#ai #ara
21
-5"susi harus ee"uhi sta"!ar "asi5"al i"!5"esia 6SNI7 a"tara lai" e"#a"!u"# 35!iu se&esar (% 8 >% ;; 6De;-es RIB $%%%7. Sta"!ar utu 3a"# harus !i;e"uhi 5leh ;r5!use" #ara a!alah -a"!u"#a" NaCl u"tu- #ara -5"susi a"usia ti!a- &5leh le&ih re"!ah !ari = J u"tu#ara -elas satuB !a" ti!a- -ura"# !ari 0 J u"tu- #ara -elas !ua. Ti"#-at -ele&a&a" !is3arat-a" &er-isar %B1J !a" se"3aa SO0 ti!a- ele&ihi &atas $B%J. +a!ar i5!iu &er-isar (% >% ;;. 6 SNI %'(11@' 6Gara !a;ur7 7. 6htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?GaraK6-iia7 Gara !a;ur a!alah see"is i"eral 3a"# la2i !ia-a" a"usia. )e"tu-"3a -ristal ;utihB seri"#-ali !ihasil-a" !ari air laut. )iasa"3a #ara !a;ur 3a"# terse!ia se4ara uu a!alah Natriu -l5ri!a 6NaCl7. Gara sa"#at !i;erlu-a" tu&uhB "au" &ila !i-5"susi se4ara &erle&iha" !a;at e"3e&a&-a" &er&a#ai ;e"3a-itB terasu- te-a"a" !arah ti"##i 6hi;erte"si7. Selai" itu #ara u#a !i#u"a-a" u"tu- e"#aet-a" a-a"a" !a" se&a#ai &u&u. U"tue"4e#ah ;e"3a-it #5"!5- B #ara !a;ur u#a seri"# !ita&ahi 35!iu. Dala #ara !a;ur ter-a"!u"# u"sur s5!iu !a" 4hl5r 6NaCl7. U"sur s5!iu i"i ;e"ti"# u"tu- e"#atur -esei&a"#a" 4aira" !i !ala tu&uhB selai" &ertu#as !ala tra"sisi sara/ !a" -era 5t5t. +ita &5leh ti!a- a-a" #araB asal a!a s5!iu !ala e"u haria". )a"3a- e"u haria" 3a"# e"3i;a" s5!iu !a" itu su!ah &isa e"4u-u;i -e&utuha" tu&uh. Nau"B 5leh -are"a s5!iu 3a"# se4ara alai ter-a"!u"# !ala &aha" a-a"a" ti!a- &eri-ata" !e"#a" 4hl5rB ta- e&eri 4ita rasa asi" ;a!a li!ah -ita. Itu &erartiB -e"!ati e"u 3a"# -ita -5"susi ta";a #ara atau ta- &er4ita rasa asi"B ti!a- &era-"a tu&uh ta- e;er5leh -e4u-u;a" s5!iu. Gara !a;at !i-ata-a" &ai- i-a ee"uhi s;esi/i-asi a"tara lai"B ar"a ;utih &ersihB e"#a"!u"# -a!ar i5!iu (%;; 8 >% ;;B -eri"#.
22
Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" #ara &er35!iu 3a"# &e"ar a!alah !ala a!ah -eri"# !a" tertutu; ra;at serta terhi"!ar !ari si"ar atahari la"#su"# au;u" ;a"as a;i. Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" !a;at e;e"#aruhi -a!ar 35!at !ala #ara &er35!iu. Te;at 3a"# ;ali"# sta&il 3aitu t5;les ;lasti4 tertutu;B -eu!ia"" t5;les ;lasti4 ter&u-a !ala -ul-asB !i i-uti -easa" ;lasti4 ter&u-a !ala -ul-asB t5;les ;lasti4 ter&u-aB !a" -easa" ;lasti4 ter&u-a. Dala ;r5ses ;e"#5laha" a-a"a" ;e"##u"aa" #ara se&ai-"3a !iasu--a" setelah asa-a" ata"# !a" !ia"#-at !ari su&er ;a"as. Hal i"i !ia-su!-a" a#ar -a"!u"#a" 35!iu !ala #ara ti!a- hila"#. +5"se"trasi #ara '%'$J a-a" !a;at e"#ha&at i-r55r#a"ise ;at5#e"B terasu- Clostridium botulinum !e"#a" ;e"#e4ualia" Streptococcus aureus. Walau;u" !ei-ia" &e&era;a i-r55r#a"ise 6Leuconostoc !a" Lactobasilus7 !a;at tu&uh 4e;at !e"#a" a!a"3a #ara !a" ter&e"tu-"3a asa u"tu- e"#ha&at i-r55r#a"ise 3a"# ti!a- !i-ehe"!a-i. Gara 3a"# e;e"#aruhi
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23
3a"# &er;era" se&a#ai &aha" ;ea"is au;u" &aha" ;e"#aet u"tu- se&a#ia" ;a"#a" 5laha". Se4ara /isi- ter!a;at ti#a e"is #ula 3aitu '7 #ula -ristalB $7 #ula &u-a" -ristalB !a" (7 #ula 4air. Me"urut S+ N5. 1$=?MPP?+e;??$%%0 te"ta"# Tata Nia#a I;5r Gula a"tara lai" e"#-ate#5ri-a" #ula -ristal se&a#ai #ula -ristal e"tah?#ula -asar 6ra su#ar7B #ula -ristal ra/i"asi 6re/i"e! su#ar7B !a" #ula -ristal ;utih 6;la"tati5" hite su#ar7. Gula 3a"# !i-e"al !ala as3ara-at luas a!alah sa-ar5sa atau su-r5sa 3a"# eru;a-a" !isa-ari!a 3a"# ;a!a hi!r5lisa e"#hasil-a" #lu-5sa !a" /ru-t5sa. Gula -ristal ter!iri !ari #ula ;asir 3a"# !ihasil-a" !ari te&u !a" #ula 3a"# !ihasil-a" !ari &it. Nau"B e"urut Priha"!a"a 6$%%17 &ia3a ;r5!u-si #ula &er&aha" &a-u te&u le&ih urah =%J !i&a"!i"#-a" !e"#a" &ia3a ;r5!u-si #ula &er&aha" &a-u &it. Oleh -are"a ituB &aha" &a-u i"!ustri #ula 3a"# &a"3a!i#u"a-a" a!alah te&u 6Sa44haru 5//i4i"aru7 3a"# eru;a-a" ta"aa" ;er-e&u"a". Di !ala &ata"# te&u ter-a"!u"# $%J 4aira" #ula. E//e"!i 6$%%7 e"3e&ut-a" &aha 4aira" !ala te&u ter!iri !ari ti#a a4a 3aitu '7 Nira Te&uB $7 Air ta"ah atau air te&u &e&as &riB !a" (7 Pr5t5;lasa. Nira te&u tersi;a" !ala selsel ;are"4hi. Air te&u &e&as &ri eru;a-a" air 3a"# se4ara 4heis &ersatu !e"#a" serat !a" ti!a- !a;at !i;isah-a" se4ara e-a"is. Pr5t5;lasa &er&e"tu- sei 4aira" teta;i ti!a- e"#a"!u"# #ula. 6htt;??re;5sit5r3.i;&.a4.i!?&itstrea?ha"!le?'$(01@=>?11$>0?)A)J$%II J$%Ti"aua"J$%Pusta-a.;!/seue"4e07
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Meri4a La!a atau eri4a 6 Piper
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24
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25
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.
Mi"3a- #5re"# Mi"3a- #5re"# a!alah i"3a- 3a"# &erasal !ari lea- tu&uha" atau
hea" 3a"# !iur"i-a" !a" &er&e"tu- 4air !ala suhu -aar !a" &iasa"3a !i#u"a-a" u"tu- e"##5re"# a-a"a". Mi"3a- #5re"# !ari tu&uha" &iasa"3a !ihasil-a" !ari ta"aa" se;erti -ela;aB &ii&iia"B -a4a"#-a4a"#a"B a#u"#B -e!elaiB !a" -a"5la. Mi"3a- #5re"# &iasa"3a &isa !i#u"a-a" hi"##a ( 0 -ali ;e"##5re"#a". *i-a !i#u"a-a" &erula"# -aliB i"3a- a-a" &eru&ah ar"a. Saat ;e"##5re"#a" !ila-u-a"B i-ata" ra"#-a; 3a"# ter!a;at ;a!a asa lea- ta- e"uh a-a" ;utus e&e"tu- asa lea- e"uh.. Mi"3a- 3a"# &ai- a!alah i"3a3a"# e"#a"!u"# asa lea- ta- e"uh 3a"# le&ih &a"3a- !i&a"!i"#-a" !e"#a" -a"!u"#a" asa lea- e"uh"3a. Setelah ;e"##5re"#a" &er-ali-aliB asa lea- 3a"# ter-a"!u"# !ala i"3a- a-a" sea-i" e"uh. De"#a" !ei-ia" i"3a- terse&ut !a;at !i-ata-a" telah rusa- atau !a;at !ise&ut i"3a- ela"tah. Pe"##u"aa" i"3a- &er-ali-ali a-a" e&uat i-ata" ra"#-a; i"3a- ter5-si!asi e&e"tu- #u#us ;er5-si!a !a" 5"5er si-li-B i"3a- 3a"# se;erti i"i !i-ata-a" telah rusa- !a" &er&aha3a &a#i -esehata". Suhu 3a"# sea-i" ti"##i !a" sea-i" laa ;ea"asa"B -a!ar asa lea- e"uh a-a" sea-i" "ai-. Mi"3a- "a&ati !e"#a" -a!ar asa lea e"uh 3a"# ti"##i a-a" e"#a-i&at-a" a-a"a" 3a"# !i#5re"# e"a!i &er&aha3a &a#i -esehata". Selai" -are"a ;e"##5re"#a" &er-ali-aliB i"3a- !a;at e"a!i rusa-are"a ;e"3i;a"a" 3a"# salah !ala a"#-a a-tu terte"tu sehi"##a i-ata"
26
tri#liseri!a ;e4ah e"a!i #liser5l !a" asa lea- &e&as. )e&era;a /a-t5r 3a"# !a;at ee"#aruhi -erusa-a" i"3a- a!alah •
O-si#e" !a" i-ata" ra"#-a;Sea-i" &a"3a- i-ata" ra"#-a; !a" 5-si#e" 3a"# ter-a"!u"# a-a i"3a- a-a" sea-i" 4e;at ter5-si!asi.
•
Suhu Suhu 3a"# sea-i" ti"##i u#a a-a" e;er4e;at ;r5ses 5-si!asi.
•
Caha3a !a" i5" l5#a &er;era" se&a#ai -atalis 3a"# e;er4e;at ;r5ses 5-si!asi.
•
A"ti5-si!a" e&uat i"3a- le&ih taha" terha!a; 5-si!asi. Mi"3a- #5re"# uu"3a &erasal !ari i"3a- -ela;a sait. Mi"3a-
-ela;a !a;at !i#u"a-a" u"tu- e"##5re"# -are"a stru-tur i"3a-"3a 3a"# eili-i i-ata" ra"#-a; sehi"##a i"3a-"3a terasu- lea- ta- e"uh 3a"# si/at"3a sta&il. Selai" itu ;a!a i"3a- -ela;a ter!a;at asa lea- ese"sial 3a"# ti!a- !a;at !isi"tesis 5leh tu&uh. Asa lea- terse&ut a!alah asa ;alitatB stearatB 5leatB !a" li"5leat. )e&era;a i"3a- 3a"# !i;a-ai u"tu- e"##5re"# selai" i"3a- -ela;a sait a!alah i"3a- ;al -er"elB ;al 5lei"B ;al steari"B !a" Tall5. Selai" itu ter!a;at u#a i"3a- lai" se;erti i"3a- &ii a"##urB &u"#a atahariB -e!elaiB !a" 2aitu". Mi"3a-i"3a- i"i -ura"# 4545- a;a&ila !i#u"a-a" u"tu- e"##5re"# "au" i"3a-i"3a- i"i eili-i -a"!u"#a" asa lea- 3a"# ti"##i !a" &iasa !i#u"a-a" se&a#ai &aha" ta&aha" ;a!a sala! !a" a-a"a" lai""3a. 6 htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?Mi"3a-K#5re"#7 Cara ;e"#u"aa" !a" ;e"3i;a"a" i"3a- #5re"# 3a"# &ai- !a" &e"ar '. Se&ai-"3a i"3a- #5re"# !isi;a" !ala -easa" &erar"a #ela;. Hal i"i !ia-su!-a" u"tu- e"#hi"!ari -ete"#i-a"B -are"a 5-si!asi a-i&at -5"ta!e"#a" u!ara a"# !i;i4u 5leh si"ar atahari.
27
$. Me"3i;a" i"3a- #5re"# se&ai-"3a !ia!ah 3a"# tertutu; !a" auh !ari su&er ;a"as se;erti 4aha3aB -5;5rB au;u" atahari. +e&iasaa" e"3i;a" i"3a- #5re"# !i !e-at su&er ;a"as terse&ut a-a" e"3e&a&-a" ,it.A 3a"# !i/5rti/i-asi
a-a"
&er-ura"#
alau;u"
!ala
ulah
3a"#
se!i-it.
Cara ;e"3i;a"a" i"3a- !i atas u#a &isa !i&erla-u-a" u"tu- i"3a- ie"B &u"#a atahariB !a" i"3a- 3a"# eili-i stru-tur se;erti i"3a- #5re"# 6htt;??lel3-esehata".5r!;ress.45?$%''?%(?'?;e"3i;a"a"&aha"a-a"a" -eri"#?7 Mi"3a- #5re"# 3a"# &ai- harus eili-i s;esi/i-asi 3aitu !ala -easa" isi ula"# !a" !ala -ea!aa" 3a"# &ai-B er"ih !a" ti!a- ter!a;at -5t5ra".
-. Air Air a!alah u"sur 3a"# ti!a- !a;at !i;isah-a" !ari -ehi!u;a" a"usia. )ah-a" !a;at !i;asti-a" ta";a ;e"#e&a"#a" su&er!a3a air se4ara -5"siste" ;era!a&a" a"usia ti!a- a-a" e"4a;ai ti"#-at 3a"# !i"i-ati sa;ai saat i"i. Oleh -are"a itu ;e"#e&a"#a" !a" ;e"#5laha" su&er !a3a air eru;a-a" !asar ;era!a&a" a"usia 6Su"ar35B !--B $%%17. Air eru;a-a" su&sta"si -iia !e"#a" ruus -iia h$5 satu 5le-ul air tersusu" atas !ua at5 hi!r5#e" 3a"# teri-at !e"#a" -5,ale" ;a!a satu at5 5-si#e". Air &er&e"tu- ti!a- &erar"aB ti!a &erasa serta ti!a- &er&au ;a!a -ea!aa" sta"!arB 3a-"i ;a!a te-a"a" '%% -;a 6 ' &ar 7 a"! te;eratur $=(B '1 - 6 % 4 7. Zat -iia i"i a!alah satu ;elarut 3a"# utla-B 3a"# e;u"3ai -e-uata" u"tu- elarut-a" &a"3a- 2at -iia 3a"# lai"B la3a-"3a #ara#araB #ulaB asaB le&ih !ari satu t3;e #as serta &a"3a- e"is 5le-ul 5r#a"i-. +5"!isi air 3a"# &eru;a 4air a!alah satu -5"!isi 3a"# ti!a- uu !i!ala -ea!aa" "5ralB !ita&ah la#i e;erhati-a" ali"a" ;a!a hi!ri!ahi!ri!a lai" 3a"# seru;a !i!ala -5l5 5-si#e" ;a!a ta&el ;eri5!i-B 3a"# e"#is3arat-a" &aha air seesti"3a &eru;a #asB se&a#aia"a hi!r5#e" sul/i!a.
28
Me;erhati-a"
ta&el
;eri5!i-B
ta;a-
&aha
u"suru"sur
3a"#
eli"#-ari 5-si#e" eru;a-a" "itr5#e"B /l5rB serta /5s/5rB sul/ur serta -l5r. Seluruh elee"elee" i"i i-a &eri-ata" !e"#a" hi!r5#e" !a;at e&uah-a" #as ;a!a te;eratur serta te-a"a" "5ral. Alasa" e"#a;a hi!r5#e" &eri-ata" !e"#a" 5-si#e" e&e"tu- /ase &er-ea!aa" 4airB eru;a-a" !i-are"a-a" 5-si#e" le&ih &er&e"tu- ele-tr5"e#ati/ !ari;a!a elee"elee" lai" terse&ut 6-e4uali /l5r7. Tari-a" at5 5-si#e" ;a!a ele-tr5"ele-tr5" i-ata" ta&ah le&ih -uat !ari;a!a 3a"# !i-era-a" 5leh at5 hi!r5#e"B e"i"##al-a" ulah uata" ;5siti/ ;a!a -e$ at5 hi!r5#e"B serta ulah uata" "e#ati/ ;a!a at5 5-si#e". A!a"3a uata" ;a!a asi"#asi"# at5 terse&ut &i-i" 5le-ul air e;u"3ai se&a"3a- 5e" !i;5l. St3le tari-e"ari- listri- a"tar 5le-ul 5le-ul air !ise&a&-a" a!a"3a !i;5l i"i &i-i" tia;tia; 5le-ul sali"# &er!e-ata"B e&uat"3a su-ar u"tu- !i;isah-a" serta 3a"# sela"ut"3a e"ai--a" titi- !i!ih air. St3le tari-e"ari- i"i !ia-su! u"tu- a!i-a" i-ata" hi!r5#e". Air -era; !ia-su! u"tu- a!i-a" ;elarut u"i,ersal !i-are"a-a" air elarut-a" &a"3a- 2at -iia. Air a!a !i!ala -eseti&a"#a" !i"ais ;a!a /ase 4air serta ;a!at !i&aah te-a"a" serta te;eratur sta"!ar. Di!ala uu! i5"B air &isa !i#a&ar-a" u"tu- a!i-a" sesuatu i5" hi!r5#e" 6 h 7 3a"# &eras5siasi 6 &eri-ata" 7 !e"#a" sesuatu i5" hi!r5-si!a 65h7. 6htt;??.;52t5.45?$%''?%@?;e"#ertia"!e/i"isiair.htl7 Air a!alah su&er -ehi!u;a" &a#i seua a-hlu- hi!u;. Ciri4iri air 3a"# &ai- a!alah air 3a"# &ersihB er"ihB ti!a- &er&auB ti!a- &erasaB ti!a- &erar"a !a" ti!a- e"#a"!u"# i-r55r#a"ise. S3arats3arat air &ersih a!alah a7 S3arat i-r5&i5l5#i
ti!a- e"#a"!u"# &a-teri E. Coli
&7 S3arat /isi-
ti!a- &erar"aB ti!a- &erasa !a"
ti!a- &er&au 47 S3arat -iia ti&alB Z"B !ll 6Wi-i;e!iaB $%%7.
ti!a- e"#a"!u"# l5#a &erat se;erti
29
D6 Pr*ses Penyelen22araan /akanan
'. Pe"eriaa" Pe"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah -e#iata" aal u"tu- eeri-saB e"i&a"# !a" e"4atat e"#e"ai ulah !a" a4a &aha" a-a"a" 3a"# !iteria sesuai !e"#a" ;esa"a" ;e&elia" atau sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a". )aha" utaa 3a"# !i#u"a-a" !ala asa-a" 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: a!alah telur a3a. Telur 3a"# !i#u"a-a" !iteria !ari re-a"a" '$ hari se&elu !ila-u-a" ;e"#5laha" le&ih la"ut. Telur a3a 3a"# !i;esa" harus sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi"3a 3aitu a"tara lai" &aruB -ulit ulusB ti!a- a!a -5t5ra"B &ersihB '@ &utir !ala ' -il5#ra serta !i-eas !ala tra3 telur. Selai" itu &aha" a-a"a" 3a"# !iteria selai" &aha" &a-u 3aitu &u&uB !ia"a &u&u ter!iri !ari &aa"# erahB &aa"# ;utihB l5&5- erahB -eiriB -u"3itB aheB !au" salaB seraiB -ela;a tua ;arut !a" i"3a- #5re"#. Dia"a asi"#asi"#
&u&u u#a
!iteria i-a telah ee"uhi s;esi/i-asi 3a"# a!a. *i-a &aha" a-a"a" !a" &u&u terse&ut ti!a- sesuai a-a &a#ia" ;e"eriaa" &erha- u"tu- ei"ta &aha" terse&ut !i#a"ti atau !a;at !i-e&ali-a". Alat 3a"# !i;erlu-a" !i area ;e"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah ti&a"#a" &aha" a-a"a"B !a" ea -era u"tu- ;e"eriaa". Di&a#ia" ;e"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" 3a"# su!ah !iteria sesuai s;esi/i-asi
sehi"##a ti&ul"3a
&aha3a
/isi-B -iia !a"
&i5l5#i
!a;at
!ia"ialisir !ala ;r5ses sela"ut"3a. $. Pe"3i;a"a" U"tu- telur setelah !iteria sesuai s;esi/i-asi sela"ut"3a !isi;a" !i #u!a"# ;e"3alur 6 #u!a"# -eri"# 7. Pe"3i;a"a" telur se&elu !i#u"a-a" &er-isar a"tara '$ hari se&elu !i#u"a-a" u"tu- ;e"#5laha".
30
(. Persia;a" Persia;a" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah suatu ;r5ses -e#iata" 3a"# s;esi/i!ala ra"#-a e"3ia;-a" &aha" a-a"a" !a" &u&u 8 &u&u se&elu !ila-u-a" ;easa-a". +e#iata""3a eli;uti seua ;erla-ua" ;a!a saat &aha" a-a"a" !iteriaB !ia&il atau !i-eluar-a" !ari ;e"3i;a"a" u"tu- !i&ersih-a" &a#ia" 8 &a#ia" 3a"# ti!a- !ia-a"B !i4u4iB !i;5t5"#B !ire"!a &ila ;erluB !iiris ti;isB !i#ili"#B !iear-a"B !ia!u-B !isari"# sa;ai saat &aha" a-a"a" sia; u"tu- !iasa-. Pa!a saat ;r5ses terse&ut se&ai-"3a !i;erti&a"#-a" /a-t5r 8 /a-t5r li"#-u"#a" 3a"# !a;at e"#u&ahB erusa- atau e;e"#aruhi -ualitas &aha" a-a"a" 3a"# &ersa"#-uta". Persia;a" &aha" a-a"a" &ertuua" u"tu- '. Terse!ia"3a ra4i-a" 3a"# te;at !ari &er&a#ai a4a &aha" a-a"a" u"tu &er&a#ai asa-a" !ala ulah 3a"# sesuai !e"#a" sta"!ar ;5rsiB e"u 3a"# &erla-u !a" ulah -lie". $. Terse!ia"3a &er&a#ai a"ura" &u&u asa-a" sesuai rese;B e"is asa-a"B e"u !a" ulah -lie". Dala hal i"iB ;r5ses ;ersia;a" u"tu- ;e&uata" 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: a!alah ;e&ersiha"B ;ere&usa" telurB ;e&ersiha" !ari 4a"#-a"# telur. )aha3a 3a"# u"#-i" tera!i a!alah a!a"3a E coliB -5t5ra" !a" !e&u ;a!a saat ;e"4u4ia" !a" ;e&ersiha" 4a"#-a"# telur. Hal i"i !a;at !i4e#ah !e"#a" e;erhati-a" -e&ali h3#ie"itas !a" sa"itasi 3a"# &ai- !ala ;r5ses ;ersia;a". Selai" ituB &u&u u#a !i;ersia;-a"B u"tu- &aa"# erahB&aa"# ;utihB -eiriB aheB -u"3itB l5&5- erah !ihalus-a" e"##u"a-a" &le"!er. Se!a"#-a" &u&u lai""3a se;erti seraiB !a" le"#-uas !i ear-a".
31
0. Pe"#5laha" atau ;easa-a" Peasa-a" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah ;r5ses -e#iata" terha!a; &aha" a-a"a" 3a"# telah !i;ersia;-a" e"urut ;r5se!ur 3a"# !ite"tu-a"B !e"#a" e"a&ah-a" &u&u sta"!ar e"urut rese;B ulah -lie"B serta ;erla-ua" s;esial 3aitu ;easa-a" !e"#a" airB lea-B ;ea"asa" !ala ra"#-a euu!-a" asa-a" !e"#a" 4ita rasa 3a"# ti"##i. Tuua" !ari ;easa-a" a!alah se&a#ai &eri-ut a.
Me;ertaha"-a" "ilai #i2i &aha" a-a"a". )ila &aha" a-a"a" ti!a- eerlu-a" ;r5ses ;e"4u4ia"B ;e5t5"#a" !a"
;easa-a"B a-a" le&ih &a"3a- 2at #i2i 3a"# !a;at !i;erlu-a" !ala a-a"a". Teta;i -are"a se&a#ia" &esar &aha" &aha" a-a"a" eerlu-a" se&elu !ia-a"B sehi"##a &e&era;a ;eru&aha" terutaa ,itai" !a" i"eral &ai- rusaatau;u" &ah-a" hila"# selaa ;e"a"#a"a". +are"a itu ;erlu !i;erhati-a" 4ara ;easa-a" 3a"# la3a- !a" e/isie" sehi"##a !a;at e"aha" -ehila"#a" 2at #i2i se!i-it u"#-i". &.
Me"i"#-at-a" "ilai 4er"a &aha" a-a"a". De"#a" ;easa-a"B i-ata" 8 i-ata" -iia !ari &aha" a-a"a" a-a"
teruraiB sehi"##a a-a"a" e"a!i lu"a-. 4.
Me;ertaha"-a" !a" e"a&ah rasaB ru;a !ari &aha" a-a"a". De"#a" ;easa-a"B &au 3a"# -ura"# e"3e"a"#-a" a-a" hila"# atau
&er-ura"#. RasaB ru;a !a" &aha" a-a"a" &eru&ah. +ere"3aha" !a;at !iatur sesuai !e"#a" -ese"a"#a"B !e"#a" 4ara e;erhati-a" a-tu !a" 4ara ;easa-a". !.
Me"i&ul-a" rasa aa" &a#i a"usia. De"#a" ;easa-a"B &e&era;a e"is -ua" a-a" ati. De"#a" ;easa-a"
&erarti -eu"#-i"a" -ua" 3a"# &er&aha3a !a;at !iati-a" ;er-e&a"#a""3aB
32
&aha3a -era4u"a" !a;at !iatasi !a" u#a u"tu- e"4e#ah 4e;at"3a ;r5ses ;e&usu-a". 1.
Pe5rsia" Pe5rsia" a!alah -e#iata" e"3ai-a" a-a"a" sesuai !e"#a" &esar ;5rsi
3a"# telah !ite"tu-a". *ulah ;5rsi 3a"# terse!ia ;a!a saat !istri&usiB harus saa !e"#a" ulah ;5rsi 3a"# !ire"4a"a-a" ;a!a saat ;e"#a!aa" &aha" a-a"a". *i-a !iasusi-a" !iasusi-a" -ua"titas su!ah !i-5"tr5l !i seua titi- ;e"ti"#B a-a ;e"#5"tr5la" ;e"#5"tr5la" 3a"# tera-hir a!alah ;a!a ;e&a#ia" a-a"a". Seua ;e#aai 3a"# &erta"##u"# aa& terutaa !ala ;e&a#ia" a-a"a" harus !ilatih !ala ;e"#e"!alia" ;5rsi. P5rs P5rsii 3a"# a"# sta" sta"!a !arr haru haruss !ite !ite"t "tuu-a" a" u"tu u"tu- seu seuaa e"i e"iss a-a a-a"a "a". ". Pe"##u"aa" ;eralata" se;erti se"!5- sa3urB 4e"t5"#B se"!5- ;e&a#i !ll u"tue&a#i harus !i sta"!arisasi u"tu- e"#u-ur ;5rsi sta"!ar. @.
Pe"!istri&usia" Pe"!istri&usia" a-a"a" a!alah sera"#-aia" -e#iata" ;e"3alura" a-a"a"
sesu sesuai ai !e"# !e"#a" a" ul ulah ah ;5rs ;5rsii !a" !a" e"i e"iss a-a" a-a"a" a" -5"s -5"su ue" e" 3a"# a"# !ila !ila3a 3a"i "i.. Diu;a3 Diu;a3a-a" a-a" a-a"a" a-a"a" !a;at !a;at !isai-a !isai-a" " te;at te;at ;a!a saat a a-a" ;asie" !a" a-a"a" asih !ala -5"!isi ha"#at serta ;erlu ;e"#ha"#at a-a"a" sehi"##a ti!a- e"#u&ah rasa !ari a-a"a" !a" e"a#a a#ar suhu a-a"a" ti!a- &era!a ;a!a suhu 3a"# terasu- !a"#er 25"e 6 '% 8 @%O C 7. U"tu- e"a#a a-a"a" teta; h3#ie"is a-a a!ah a-a"a"B alat ;e"3aia" !a" !istri&usi !istri&usi a-a"a" harus tertutu;. =.
Peralata" Perala Peralata" ta" 3a"# !i#u"a-a !i#u"a-a" " !ala !ala ;e"#5lah ;e"#5laha" a" a-a"a" a-a"a" !a;at !a;at &erti"!a &erti"!a-
se&a#ai se&a#ai su&er su&er -5"tai -5"tai"asi "asiBB i-a ti!ati!a- !i&ersih !i&ersih-a" -a" !a" !i!esi"/ !i!esi"/e-si e-si !e"#a" !e"#a"
33
&e"ar. Pe"4u4ia" eili-i !ua tuua"B 3aitu e&ua"# sisa a-a"a" !ari ;eralata" 3a"# !a;at e"i&ul-a" ;ertu&uha" 5r#a"ise !a" ele;as-a" i-r55r i-r55r#a"i #a"iseB seB !a" ele;as ele;as-a" -a" i-r55r i-r55r#a"i #a"ise se 3a"# 3a"# hi!u;. hi!u;. )iasa"3 )iasa"3aa !ua tuua" terse&ut !a;at !i4a;ai elalui ;e"4u4ia" !e"#a" air 3a"# sa"#at ;a"as 6 Se-itar >%O C 7 atau ;e"4u4ia" !e"#a" air atau !eter#e" !ii-uti !e"#a" air !a" sa"iti2 sa"iti2er er se;erti se;erti se"3aa se"3aa hi;er-l5 hi;er-l5rit ritBB iodophorusB iodophorusB ata atau quaternar quaternar ammonium ammonium u"tu- eus"ah-a" i-r55r#a"ise 3a"# ele-at. >.
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34
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35
0A0 III /ETODE PENGA/ATAN
A6 Te&
Pe"elitia" HACCP i"i !ila-u-a" !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSU Persaha&ata" ;a!a ta"##al @ Fe&ruari $%'(. 06 ,enis Daa
*e"is !ata 3a"# !i-u;ul-a" a!alah #6 Daa Pri&er
Data ;rier a!alah !ata 3a"# !i;er5leh elalui aa"4ara !a" ;e"#aata" se4ara la"#u"# 3a"# eli;uti a.
Data ;e"eriaa" telurB #araB &aa"# ;utihB &aa"# erahB le"#-uasB !au" salaB sa"ta"B i"3a- #5re"#B -u"3itB seraiB aheB -eiri !a" 4a&e erah.
&.
Data ;e"3i;a"a" telurB #araB &aa"# ;utihB &aa"# erahB le"#-uasB !au" salaB sa"ta"B i"3a- #5re"#B -u"3itB seraiB aheB -eiri !a" 4a&e erah.
4.
Data
;ersia;a" telurB #araB &aa"# ;utihB &aa"#
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Data ;e"#5laha" telurB #araB &aa"# ;utihB &aa"# erahB le"#-uasB !au" salaB sa"ta"B i"3a- #5re"#B -u"3itB seraiB aheB -eiri !a" 4a&e erah.
e.
Data ;e"3aia" !a" ;e"!istri&usia" 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#:.
!6 Daa Sekun'er
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&.
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36
C6 Cara Pen2u&
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37
0A0 I@ HASIL DAN PE/0AHASAN A6 Analisa /asalah
Fa-t5r ;e"#ha&at ti&ul"3a asalah ;a!a ;r5ses ;e&uata" 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: a!alah ;e"##u"aa" &u&u 3aitu &aa"# ;utihB #ara 3a"# &ersi/at &a-teri5si!a 6e"#ha&at ;ertu&uha" i-r55r#a"ise7 !a" ;r5ses ;easa-a". Se!a"#-a" /a-t5r 3a"# e"!u-u"# ti&ul"3a asalah ;a!a ;r5!u9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: 3aitu &aha" &a-u &eru;a telurB si-a; ;easa- 3a"# -ura"# e;erhati-a" hi#ie"e !a" sa"itasi a-a"a"B li"#-u"#a" 6!a;ur7 serta /a-t5r selaa !istri&usi 3a"# re"ta" terha!a; ;e"4eara". 06
Penera
1.
Pembentukan tim pelaksana HACCP .e
Petu#as ;e"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a"
2.
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Analisis deskripsi produk Ta(el $6 Analisis 'eskri
Des-ri;si
Tahu 3a"# su!ah sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi !ihalus-a" !isi;a" !ala a!ah stai"less stell.
Naa Pr5!u+5;5sisi
9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: telurB #araB &aa"# ;utihB &aa"# erahB !au" &aa"#B eri4aB #ulaB i"3a- #5re"#B eri4aB 5rtel !a" !a#i"# sa;i.
Met5!e ;e"#5laha" Met5!e Pe"3aia"?Distri&usi Cara ;e"3i;a"a" Sta"!ar Pasie" Asal &aha" &a-u a.
Dituis !a" Di-u-us Piri"# Sai Disi;a" ;a!a suhu rua"# Pr5!u- !isai-a" !ala -5"!isi &ersih !a" la3a- u"tu!i-5"susi Di;as5- !ari ;e!a#a"# Bagan Alir Proses
38
Ga&(ar !6 0a2an Alir Pr*ses
Pe"eriaa" tahu ;utih
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Tahu !ihalus-a" !ita&ah-a" &u&u &aa"# erahB &aa"# ;utihB irisa" !au" &aa"#. !itiris-a"
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39
Pe&eriksaan Dia2ra& Alir 'i L*kasi Pr*'uksi
Telah !ila-u-a" ;eeri-saa" taha;a" ;r5ses !ia#ra alir 3a"# !itulis ;a!a !ia#ra alir ;r5ses !i l5-asi ;r5!u-si !a" telah !iteliti ti!a- a!a ;e"3i;a"#a". 3.
Identifikasi bahaya dan cara pencegahannya serta analisis risiko
a.
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40
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Tahu Putih Da#i"# Sa;i Telur a3a
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41
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Te"a#a ;e"aah harus e"##u"a-a" APD a#ar ti!a-
42
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ter-5"tai"asi !e"#a" a-a"a"B ;eralata" 3a"# !i#u"a-a" harus &ersih !a" &e&as !e&u serta ;e"uisa" &u&u ;a!a suhu V >%C a#ar ti!aha"#us?#5s5"# 6a;i se!a"#7 Te"a#a ;e"aah harus e"##u"a-a" APD a#ar ti!ater-5"tai"asi !e"#a" a-a"a"B ;eralata" 3a"# !i#u"a-a" harus &ersih !a" ti!a &er-arat Peralata" harus &ersih !a" ti!a &er-aratB i-a &er-arat alat ti!a!i#u"a-a" Te"a#a ;e"aah harus ea-ai APD a#ar ti!ater-5"tai"asi !e"#a" a-a"a" Peralata" harus &ersih !a" ti!a &er-aratB i-a &er-arat alat ti!a!i#u"a-a"?!i#a"ti Te"a#a ;e"3alur a-a"a" harus e"##u"a-a" saru"# ta"#a" a#ar ti!ater-5"tai"asi !e"#a" a-a"a"
43
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P1. Apakah mungkin bahan mentah mengandung bahaya pada tingkat yang berbahaya ?
45
3a
P2. Apakah peng!ahan "terma#uk $ara penggunaan !eh kn#umen% dapat mengurangi&menghi!angkan bahaya #ampai 3a )u-a" CCP 0ahan &enah?in2re'ien?ian2kah
Peranyaan 'ia2ra& <*h*n P' P$ P( P0
Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya
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P1
P@
Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya Ya
)u-a" )u-a" )u-a" )u-a" )u-a" )u-a" )u-a" )u-a" )u-a" )u-a" )u-a"
Perta"3aa" 3a"# !iau-a" u"tu- setia; &aha3a !a" setia; -5;5sisi
P3. Apakah kmp#i#i prduk antara & akhir penting untuk men$egah meningkatnya bahaya? 3a
+5;5sisi a!alah CCP Perta"3aa" 3a"# !iau-a" u"tu- setia; &aha3a !a" setia; ;r5ses '7 Pe"eriaa"
P4. Apakah kntamina#i u!ang dapat mun$u!? Apakah bahaya yang mungkin ada akan bertambah?
CCP CCP CCP CCP CCP CCP CCP CCP CCP CCP CCP
46
3a
P5. Apakah peng!ahan "terma#uk $ara penggunaan !eh kn#umen%dapat menghi!angkan atau mengurangi bahaya #ampai tingkat yang aman? ti!a - CCP 0ahan &enah?in2re'ien?ian2kah
P'
Peranyaan 'ia2ra& <*h*n P$ P( P0 P1
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P@
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$7 Pe"4u4ia"
P4. Apakah kntamina#i u!ang 'apat mun$u!? Apakah bahaya yang mungkin ada akan bertambah? 3a
P5. Apakah peng!ahan "terma#uk $ara penggunaan !eh kn#umen%dapat menghi!angkan atau mengurangi bahaya #ampai tingkat ti! a- CCP 0ahan &enah?in2re'ien?lan2kah P'
Peranyaan 'ia2ra& <*h*n P$ P( P0 P1
Ya
Ti!a-
(7 Pe"uisa"
P4. Apakah kntamina#i u!ang 'apat mun$u!? Apakah bahaya yang mungkin ada akan bertambah? ti! a-
.e
P@ CCP
47
P6.Apakah tahap peng!ahan ini bertu(uan untuk menghi!angkan atau mengurangi bahaya #ampai tingkat yang aman? 3a
CCP 0ahan Peranyaan 'ia2ra& <*h*n &enah?in2re'ien?ian2kah P' P$ P( P0
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P1
P@
Ti!a-
Penu&isa
Ya
CCP
07 Pe"#halusa" &u&u
P4. Apakah kntamina#i u!ang 'apat mun$u!? Apakah bahaya yangmungkin ada akan bertambah? 3a
P5. Apakah peng!ahan "terma#uk $ara penggunaan !eh kn#umen%dapat menghi!angkan atau mengurangi bahaya #ampai tingkat ti!a - CCP ti!a -
0ahan Peranyaan 'ia2ra& <*h*n &enah?in2re'ien?ian2kah P' P$ P( P0 P1
.e
P@ CCP
17 Pe"#u-usa"
P4. Apakah kntamina#i u!ang 'apat mun$u!? Apakah bahaya yang mungkin ada akan bertambah? ti! a- P6.Apakah tahap peng!ahan ini bertu(uan untuk menghi!angkan atau mengurangi bahaya #ampai tingkat yang aman?
48
3a CCP 0ahan Peranyaan 'ia2ra& <*h*n &enah?in2re'ien?ian2kah P' P$ P( P0
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P1
P@ Ya
CCP
@7 Pe"3aia"
P4. Apakah kntamina#i u!ang 'apat mun$u!?
3a
P5. Apakah peng!ahan "terma#uk $ara penggunaan !eh kn#umen%dapat menghi!angkan atau mengurangi bahaya #ampai tingkat ti!a - CCP
0ahan &enah?in2re'ien?lan2kah P'
Peranyaan 'ia2ra& <*h*n P$ P( P0 P1
Ya
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.e
P@ CCP
=7 Distri&usi
P4. Apakah kntamina#i u!ang 'apat mun$u!?
3a
P5. Apakah peng!ahan "terma#uk $ara penggunaan !eh kn#umen%dapat menghi!angkan atau mengurangi bahaya #ampai tingkat
49
ti!a - CCP 0ahan &enah?in2re'ien?ian2kah P'
Peranyaan 'ia2ra& <*h*n P$ P( P0 P1
Ya
Ti!a-
'. Pe"eta;a" &atas -ritis !a" t5lera"si ;a!a setia; titi- -ritis
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P@ CCP
50
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51 A!a"3a le"!irB ha"4urB -5t5ra"
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*i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti *i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti *i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti *i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti *i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti *i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti *i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti *i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti *i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti *i-a ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a"?!i #a"ti Site FIFO !a" Site FEFO
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Pe"3i;a"a" telur ;a!a leari
52
$. Pe"eta;a" ,eri/i-asi +e#iata" ;a!a taha; ,eri/i-asi a!alah a. Pe"eta;a" a!al ,eri/i-asi 3a"# te;at &. Peeri-saa" -e&ali re"4a"a HACCP 4. Peeri-saa" ? ;e"3esuaia" 4atata" HACCP !. Peeri-saa" ;e"3i;a"#a" terha!a; CCP !a" ;r5se!ur -5re-si e. Pe"#aata" ,isual selaa ;r5!u-si u"tu- e"#e"!ali-a" CCP /. Pe"#a&ila" 45"t5h !a" a"alisis se4ara ra"!5 #. Catata" tertulis e"#e"ai -esesuaia" !e"#a" re"4a"a HACCP
(. Pe"eta;a" s3ste !5-ue"tasi D5-ue"tasi s3ste HACCP a.
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53
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Pe"era;a" HACCP Pa!a Taha; Pe"eriaa" Pe"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah suatu -e#iata" 3a"# eli;uti
;eeri-saa"B ;e"elitia"B ;e"4atata"B ;e"#a&ila" -e;utusa" !a" ;ela;5ra" s;esi/i-asi &aha" a-a"a" &er!asar-a" ;e&elia" &ertuua" a#ar ;esa"a" 3a"# !iteria sesuai !e"#a" -ese;a-ata". Ra"#-aia" -e#iata" ;e"eriaa" &ara"# !i RSU Persaha&ata" !ila-u-a" 5leh ;e"a"##u"# aa& &a#ia" ;e"eriaa". Alur ra"#-aia" -e#iata" ;e"eriaa" &ara"# 3a-"i &aha" 3a"# !ata"# !ari re-a"a" !iteria 5leh &a#ia" ;e"eriaa" &aha" !isesuai-a" !e"#a" &5" !a" ;eesa"a" !ari re-a"a"B ulah &erat &aha" 3a"# !iteria !a" !ilihat s;esi/i-asi &aha" sesuai 3a"# !iteta;-a" 5leh ;iharuah sa-it !i4atat -e!ala &u-u ;e"eriaa" &ara"# u"tu- "aa re-a"a"B ulah 3a"# !i;esa" !a" ulah 3a"# !iteria. )ara"# 3a"# ti!a- sesuai ;esa"a" a-a" !i-e&ali-a" -e;a!a re-a"a". Alat 3a"# !i;erlu-a" !i taha; ;e"eriaa" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah tr5lle3 &ara"#B ti&a"#a" (%% -il5#raB ea -era !a" te;at u"tu- e"4u4i &aha" a-a"a". a. )aha" )a-u
54
•
Tahu Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" tahu !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP -are"a ;a!a taha;a" i"i
sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a" ;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a tahu 3a"# !ata"# !ari re-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3a"# telah !ite"tu-a". Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" tahu !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA su!ah e"era;-a" ;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu tahu 3a"# !iteria !ari re-a"a" se&elu !ila-u-a" ;e"#5laha" le&ih la"ut su!ah sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu asih se#arB ar"a ;uth &ersihB &erat @% #r? &utirB ti!a- &erle"!irB ar5a ti!a- e"3e"#at . *i-a &aha"
a-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi a-a &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a" !a" !i#a"ti. &. •
)u&u )aa"# Merah !a" )aa"# Putih Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" &aa"# erah !a" &aa"# ;utih !i-ate#5ri-a"
CCP -are"a ;a!a taha;a" i"i sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a" ;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a &aa"# erah !a" &aa"# ;utih 3a"# !ata"# !ari re-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3a"# telah !ite"tu-a" Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" &aa"# erah !a" &aa"# ;utih !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA su!ah e"era;-a" ;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu seua &aa"# erah !a" &aa"# ;utih 3a"# !iteria sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu -eri"#B &ersihB ;a!atB tuaB &esar erataB ti!a- &usu- !a" su!ah !i-u;as. *i-a &aha" a-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi a-a &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a" !a" !i#a"ti.. •
Gara Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" serai !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP -are"a ;a!a taha;a" i"i
sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a" ;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a #ara 3a"# !ata"# !ari re-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3a"# telah !ite"tu-a".
55
Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" #ara !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA su!ah e"era;-a" ;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu seua #ara 3a"# !iteria sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu ar"a ;utih &ersihB e"#a"!u"# -a!ar i5!iu (%;; 8 >% ;;B -eri"#. *i-a &aha"
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Meri4a Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" eri4a !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP -are"a ;a!a taha;a" i"i
sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a" ;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a eri4a 3a"# !ata"# !ari re-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3a"# telah !ite"tu-a". Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" eri4a !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA su!ah e"era;-a" ;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu seua eri4a 3a"# !iteria sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu !ala &e"tu- ser&u- 6su!ah !ihalus-a"7B ti!a- le&a&B !a" &ear"a -ea&ua&ua". *i-a &aha" a-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi a-a &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a" !a" !i#a"ti. •
Mi"3a- #5re"# Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" i"3a- #5re"# !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP -are"a ;a!a
taha;a" i"i sa"#at re"ta" u"tu- tera!i -5"tai"asi !a" ;e"3i;a"#a". Misal"3a i"3a- #5re"# 3a"# !ata"# !ari re-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3a"# telah !ite"tu-a". Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" i"3a- #5re"# !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA su!ah e"era;-a" ;ri"si; HACCP 3aitu seua i"3a- #5re"# 3a"# !iteria sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi 3aitu !ala -easa" isi ula"# !a" !ala -ea!aa" 3a"# &ai-B
56
er"ih !a" ti!a- ter!a;at -5t5ra". Pe"eriaa" i"3a- #5re"# !ala -easa" isi ula"# e"#ura"#i ti&ul"3a &aha3a -are"a -easa" -easa""3a ra;at sehi"##a ti!a- eu"#-i"-a" asu-"3a &i"ata"# ;e"#erat se;erti seut !a" sera"##a. *i-a &aha" a-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asi a-a &aha" a-a"a" !i-e&ali-a" !a" !i#a"ti. $.
Pe"era;a" HACCP Pa!a Taha; Pe"3i;a"a" Pe"3i;a"a" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah suatu tata 4ara e"ataB e"3i;a"B
eelihara -eaa"a" &aha" a-a"a" -eri"# &ai- -ualitas au;u" -ua"titas &aha" a-a"a" -eri"# serta ;e"4atata" ;ela;5ra""3a 6PGRSB $%%@7 a. )aha" )a-u Tahu •
Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" Tahu !isi;a" !ala a!ah ;lasti- 3a"# &erisi-a" air &ersih. Air terse&ut
!i#a"ti se4ara &er-ala 1 a se-lali u"tu- e;ertaha"-a" !a3a si;a" 3a"# -ura"# le&ih 1 hari ;a!a suhu rua"#. &.
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Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" Me"urut Wi-i;e!ia 6$%%7 ;e"3i;a"a" &aa"# erah !a" &aa"# ;utih
!a;at !ila-u-a" !ite;at 3a"# -eri"# !a" harus terhi"!ar !ari te;at 3a"# le&a& -are"a !a;at ter-5"tai"asi &aha3a &i5l5#i 3aitu ulat !a" -a;a"#. Se!a"#-a" ;e"3i;a"a" -eiri !a;at !ila-u-a" !ala a!ah ;lasti- 3a"# tertutu; !a" -e!a; u!ara sehi"##a !a;at e"#ura"#i &aha3a /isi- se;erti -5t5ra" !a" &i5l5#is 3aitu sera"##a !a" &i"ata"#. Pa!a taha; ;e"3i;a"a" &aa"# erahB &aa"# ;utih !a" -eiri !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSAB &aa"# !a" -eiri 3a"# !isi;a" su!ah !ala &e"tuhalusa". Halusa" &aa"# i"i !isi;a" !ala re/ri#erat5r !e"#a" suhu 1'%C.
57
Pe"3i;a"a" &aa"# !a" -eiri ;a!a suhu i"i &ertuua" a#ar terhi"!ar !ari ti&ul"3a &aha3a -iia 3aitu &usu- -are"a !ala &e"tu- halusa" !a" le&a&. Taha; ;e"3i;a"a" &aa"# !a" -eiri i"i !a;at ter#5l5"# CCP i-a &aa"# !ala &e"tu- halusa" !isi;a" ;a!a suhu rua"# -are"a a-a" tera!i ;eru&aha" stru-tur -iia !ari &aa"# !a" -eiri sehi"##a !a;at 4e;at &usu-B -e4uali &aa"# !a" -eiri !isi;a" !ala &e"tu- utuh !a" -ulit"3a 6u"tu- &aa"#7. Pa!a taha; ;e"3i;a"a" &aa"# erahB &aa"# ;utih !a" -eiri !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSAB &aa"# !a" -eiri !ala &e"tu- halusa" su!ah sesuai !isi;a" e"##u"a-a" a!ah ;lasti- tertutu; ra;at. Alat ;e"3i;a"a" &aa"# i"i !a;at ter#5l5"# CCP i-a a!ah ;lasti- 3a"# !i#u"a-a" ti!a- tertutu; ra;at atau ter&u-a -are"a !a;at tera!i &aha3a /isi- 3aitu ;eru&aha" ar5a !ia"a -5"tai"asi ar5a &u&u satu !e"#a" &u&u lai""3a !ala re/ri#erat5r tera!i sehi"##a ar5a &aa"# e"a!i ti!a- -has la#i. $7 •
Gara Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" #ara &er35!iu 3a"# &e"ar a!alah !ala a!ah
-eri"# !a" tertutu; ra;at serta terhi"!ar !ari si"ar atahari la"#su"# au;u" ;a"as a;i. Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" !a;at e;e"#aruhi -a!ar 35!at !ala #ara &er35!iu. Te;at 3a"# ;ali"# sta&il 3aitu t5;les ;lasti4 tertutu;B -eu!ia"" t5;les ;lasti4 ter&u-a !ala -ul-asB !i i-uti -easa" ;lasti4 ter&u-a !ala -ul-asB t5;les ;lasti4 ter&u-aB !a" -easa" ;lasti4 ter&u-a 6Wi-i;e!iaB $%%=7 Pa!a taha; ;e"3i;a"a" #ara !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSAB #ara su!ah sesuai !isi;a" !i #u!a"# ;a!a suhu rua"# 3aiti $1$=C !ala &e"tu- -easa" ;asti- tertutu; ra;at. Pe"3i;a"a" #ara !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA u#a e"##u"a-a" ;ri"si; "#"$. Gara !i-eluar-a" !ari ;e"3i;a"a" &er!asar-a"
58
ulah -e&utuha" 3a"# a-a" !i;a-ai setia; hari. Pe"3i;a"a" #ara !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA i"i !a;at !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP a;a&ila suhu rua"#a" ;e"3i;a"a" terlalu ;a"as le&ih !ari (%C -are"a a-a" e"3e&a&-a" hila"#"3a si/at stru-tur #ara 3a"# -ristal? ;a!at. Pa!a ;e"3i;a"a" #ara !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSAB #ara !isi;a" !ala ;lasti- -easa" 3a"# tertut; !a" -e!a; Alat ;e"3i;a"a" #ara i"i !a;at !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP i-a ;a!a ;e"3i;a"a" #araB -easa" ;lasti- #ara ter&u-a. Hal i"i !i-are"a-a" a;a&ila -easa" ;lasti- #ara ter&u-a !a;at e"3e&a&-a"
-5"tai"asi
&aha3a
&i5l5#i
3aitu
;er-e&a"#&ia-a"
i-r55r#a"ise ;a!a suasa"a asa. Selai" itu -easa" ;lasti- 3a"# ter&u-a !a;at e"3e&a&-a" -a"!u"#a" 2at #i2i 35!iu !ari #ara &er-ura"# 6Wi-i;e!iaB $%%=7 (7 •
Mi"3a- #5re"# Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" Pe"3i;a"a" i"3a- #5re"# se&ai-"3a !isi;a" !ala -easa"
&erar"a #ela;. Hal i"i !ia-su!-a" u"tu- e"#hi"!ari -ete"#i-a"B -are"a 5-si!asi a-i&at -5"ta- !e"#a" u!ara a"# !i;i4u 5leh si"ar atahari. Me"3i;a" i"3a- #5re"# se&ai-"3a !ia!ah 3a"# tertutu; !a" auh !ari su&er ;a"as se;erti 4aha3aB -5;5rB au;u" atahari. +e&iasaa" e"3i;a" i"3a- #5re"# !i !e-at su&er ;a"as terse&ut a-a" e"3e&a&-a" ,itai" A 3a"# !i/5rti/i-asi a-a"
&er-ura"#
alau;u"
!ala
ulah
3a"#
se!i-it
6htt;??lel3-esehata".5r!;ress.457. Pa!a taha; ;e"3i;a"a" i"3a- #5re"# !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSAB i"3a!isi;a" !ala #u!a"# !e"#a" suhu rua"# 3aitu $1$=C. Pe"3i;a"a" i"3a-
59
#5re"# !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA u#a e"##u"a-a" ;ri"si; "#"$. Gara !i-eluar-a" !ari ;e"3i;a"a" &er!asar-a" ulah -e&utuha" 3a"# a-a" !i;a-ai setia; hari. Pe"3i;a"a" i"3a- i"i su!ah sesuai -are"a te;a"3a 3a"# ti!ater-e"a si"ar atahari la"#su"# !a" auh !ari -5;5r !a" ;a"as. Te;at ;e"3i;a"a" i"3a- i"i &isa !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP i-a #u!a"# ;e"3i;a"a" i"3a- #5re"# ter&u-a -are"a !a;at ti&ul &aha3a -iia 3aitu te"#i- !a" &aha3a &i5l5#is 3aitu i"3a- #5re"# terhi"!ar !ari sera"##a !a" &i"ata"# ;e"#erat. Alat ;e"3i;a"a" i"3a- #5re"# !i I"stalasi RSSA a!alah -easa" isi ula"# tertutu; 3a"# ter&uat !ari ;lasti-. Hal i"i su!ah sesuai !e"#a" alat ;e"3i;a"a"
i"3a-
!i-ate#5ri-a"
CCP
#5re"# a;a&ila
3a"#
&e"ar.
-easa"
Alat
;lasti-"3a
;e"3i;a"a" ter&u-a
i"i
-are"a
&isa !a;at
e;er4e;at -ete"#i-a" !a" asu-"3a !e&u atau -5t5ra". Alat ;e"3i;a"a" 4a&ai erah !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA a!alah &as-5 stai"less. Alat ;e"3i;a"a" &as-5 stai"less i"i &isa !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP a;a&ila tera!a;at &aha3a -iia 3aitu ;a!a &a#ia" sisi &as-5 &er-arat. (.
Pe"era;a" HACCP ;a!a Taha; Persia;a" Persia;a" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah sera"#-aia" -e#iata" !ala ;e"a"#a"a"
&aha" a-a"a"B 3aitu eli;uti &er&a#ai ;r5ses a"tara lai" e&ersih-a"B e5t5"#B e"#u;asB e"#545-B ere"!aB !a" se&a#ai"3a. Tuua""3a a!alah u"tu- e;ersia;-a" &aha" a-a"a"B serta &u&u&u&u se&elu !ila-u-a" -e#iata" ;easa-a" 6PGRSB $%%@7 a.
Pe"#halusa" tahu !a" ;e"4a;ura" !au" &aa"# Persia;a" 3a"# ;ertaa !ila-u-a" !al ;e&uata" r5la!e tahu isi !a# i"#
a!alah ;e"#halusa" tahu. Tahu 3a"# a-a" !ihalus-a" se&elu"3a !i &ersih-a" !e"#a" air e"#alir u"tu- e"#hila"#-a" 4eara". Setelah itu tahu !i halus-a"
60
e"##u"a-a" /55! ;r54ess5rB setelah tahu halus ta&ah-a" !au" &aa"# 3a"# telah !iiris ti;is. &.
Pe"#halusa" !a#i"# sa;i Taha; -e!ua 3a"# sela"ut"3a !ila-u-a" !ala ;ersia;a" r5la!e tahu isi
!a#i"# a!alah ;e"#halusa" !a#i"# sa;i e"##u"a-a" /55! ;r54ess5r. Da#i"# 3a"# a-a" !ihalus-a" se&elu"3a !i &ersih-a" !e"#a" air e"#alir u"tue"#hila"#-a" 4eara". Setelah itu !a#i"# !i halus-a" e"##u"a-a" /55! ;r54ess5r
4.
Persia;a" )u&u Pa!a taha; ;ersia;a" &u&u !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSAB &u&u 3a"# su!ah
!ihalus-a" se;erti &aa"# erahB &aa"# ;utih !a" -eiri !i4a;ur !e"#a" -u"3itB ahe !a" 4a&ai erah -eu!ia" !i&le"!er se4ara &ersaaa". Setelah itu !isi;a" ;a!a a!ah ;lasti- tertutu; !a" !isi;a" !ileari ;e"!i"#i" u"tu!i#u"a-a" -ees5-a" hari"3a. )u&u se;erti le"#-uas !a" serai ha"3a !iear-a" saaB !au" sala !iasu-a" -eti-a ;e"#5laha" &erla"#su"#. Pa!a taha; ;ersia;a" &u&u i"i !a;at !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP -are"a !a;at e"i&ul-a" &aha3a /isi- 3aitu -5t5ra" !ari -ulit le"#-uasB ahe !a" -u"3it 3a"# ti!a- !i-u;as saat ;e"#halusa" alau;u" su!ah !i4u4i. Selai" itu u#a !a;at e"i&ul-a" &aha3a /isi- !ari alat ;e"#halusa" 3aitu esi" ;e"#halus !a" &le"!er a;a&ila &er-arat. Nau" alat 3a"# !i#u"a-a" u"tu- ;e"#halusa" &u&u !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA !ala -ea!aa" &ersih !a" ti!a- &er-arat. 0. Pe"era;a" HACCP Pa!a Taha; Pe"#5laha"? Peasa-a" Pe"#5laha" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah suatu -e#iata" e"#u&ah 6easa-7 &aha" a-a"a" e"tah e"a!i a-a"a" 3a"# sia; !ia-a"B &er-ualitas !a" aa" !i-5"susi. Tuua" ;e"#5laha" &aha" a-a"a" a!alah e"#ura"#i resi-5
61
-ehila"#a" 2at #i2i &aha" a-a"a"B e"i"#-at-a" "ilai 4er"aB e"i"#-at-a" !a" e;ertaha"-a" ar"aB rasaB -ee;u-a" !a" ;e"a;ila" a-a"a"B &e&as !ari i-r55r#a"ise !a" 2at &er&aha3a u"tu- tu&uh 6PGRSB $%%@7. 4.
Pe"uisa" !a#i"# !a" 5rtel Taha; ;e"uisa" !a#i"# !a" 5rtel i"i &isa !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP i-a ;a!a
;r5ses ;e"uisa" e"##u"a-a" i"3a- 3a"# 3a"# su!ah !i;a-ai $( -ali sehi"##a !a;at e"i&ul-a" &aha3a -iia 3aitu e"#u&ah stru-tur lea- ;a!a i"3a- e"a!i e"uh !a" ti!a- &ai- &a#i -esehata" serta !a;at e"i&ul-a" -ete"#i-a". Selaia" &aha3a -iiaB u#a &isa e"i&ul-a" &aha3a /isi- 3aitu a;a&ila alat ;e"uisa" 3a"# !i;a-ai ti!a- !i4u4i &ersih !a" &er-arat. Pa!a ;e"#5laha" 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#:B taha; ;ertaa a!alah ;e"uisa" &u&uB -eu!ia" ta&ah-a" !a#i"# 3a"# su!ah !ihalus-a" !a" 5rtel 3a"# telah !i ;5t5"#;5t5"# halus. Pe"uisa" !i I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA e"##u"a-a" i"3a- 3a"# su!ah sesuai -riteria 3aitu e"##u"a-a" i"3a#5re"# &aru 6ti!a- e"##u"a-a" i"3a- #5re"# 3a"# su!ah !i;a-ai $( -ali7. Pe"uisa" &u&u !ila-u-a" selaa 1'% e"it ;a!a suhu '%%C. Pe"##u"aa" alat ;a!a ;r5ses ;e"uisa" &u&u e"##u"a-a" aa" !a" s5!et aluu"iu 3a"# &ersih !a" ti!a- &er-arat. !. Pe"#u-usa" Taha; tera-hir !ala ;e"#5laha"?;easa-a" r5la!e tahu isi !a#i"# a!alah ;e"#u-usa". Taha; ;e"#u-usa" !a;at !i-ate#5ri-a" 44; i-a ;a!a ;r5ses ;e"#u-usa" alat 3a"# !i#u"a-a" ti!a- !i4u4i &ersih !a" -ertas aluu"iu /5il 3a"# !i#u"a-a" ti!a- &ersih atau aluu"iu 3a"# su!ah !i;a-ai !i#u"a-a"
62
-e&ali ta";a !i&ersih-a" la#i. Sahi"##a e"i&ul-a" !a;a- &uru- &a#i -esehata". Pa!a ;e"#5laha" 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#:B taha; ;e"#u-usa" !iulai !ari -ertas aluu"iu !i&e"tu- ;erse#i e;atB a!5"a" tahu 3a"# telah !ihalus-a" !irata-a" !iatas -ertas aluu"iu. +eu!ia" ta&ah-a" tuisa" !a#i"# !a" 5rtel !iatas a!5"a" tahuB lalu #ulu"# !a" !ii-a" ;a!a setia; uu"#"3a. 1. Pe"era;a" HACCP Pa!a Taha; Pe"3aia" !a" Pe"!istri&usia" Me"urut PGRS 6$%%@7 ;e"!istri&usia" a-a"a" a!alah sera"#-aia" -e#iata" ;e"3alura" a-a"a" sesuai !e"#a" ulah ;5rsi !a" e"is a-a"a" -5"sue" 3a"# !ila3a"i 6a-a"a" &iasa au;u" a-a"a" -husus7. Tuua" !ari ;e"!istri&usia" a-a"a" a!alah -5"sue" e"!a;at a-a"a" sesuai !iet !a" -ete"tua" 3a"# &erla-u 6PGRSB $%%@7 *ulah ;5rsi 3a"# terse!ia ;a!a saat !istri&usiB harus saa !e"#a" ulah ;5rsi 3a"# !ire"4a"a-a" ;a!a saat ;e"#a!aa" &aha" a-a"a". *i-a !iasusi-a" -ua"titas su!ah !i-5"tr5l !i seua titi- ;e"ti"#B a-a ;e"#5"tr5la" 3a"# tera-hir a!alah ;a!a ;e&a#ia" a-a"a". Seua ;e#aai 3a"# &erta"##u"# aa& terutaa !ala ;e&a#ia" a-a"a" harus !ilatih !ala ;e"#e"!alia" ;5rsi. P5rsi 3a"# sta"!ar harus !ite"tu-a" u"tu- seua e"is a-a"a". Pe"##u"aa" ;eralata" se;erti se"!5- sa3urB 4e"t5"#B se"!5- ;e&a#iB u"tue&a#i harus !i sta"!arisasi u"tu- e"#u-ur ;5rsi sta"!ar. a.
Pe"!istri&usia" !i Da;ur I"stalasi Gi2i Taha; ;e"!istri&usia" !i !a;ur I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA !a;at !i-ate#5ri-a"
CCP -are"a !a;at tera!i -5"tai"asi &aha3a /isi- 3aitu !ari alat 3a"# !i#u"a-a" se;erti ;iri"#B ;lat5 ;lasti- !a" stai"less !ia"a a!a &e&era;a alat 3a"# -ai aati terlihat -ura"# &ersih -are"a asih a!a sisa a-a"a" !ite;i alat alau;u"
63
su!ah eleati taha; ;e"4u4ia" alat. Selai" &aha3a /isi-B &aha3a lai" 3a"# !a;at tera!i a!alah &aha3a &i5l5#i 3aitu !ari te"a#a ;e"aah !ia"a asih a!a &e&era;a te"a#a ;e"aah saat ;e"!istri&usia" ti!a- ea-ai Alat Peli"!u"# Diri 6APD7 3a"# le"#-a; se;erti saru"# ta"#a"B 4elee- 3a"# -ura"# &ersih. Selai" itu &e&era;a te"a#a ;e"aah asih a!a 3a"# &er&i4ara !a" e"##u"a-a" ;erhiasa" 4i"4i" sehi"##a !a;at e"i&ul-a" -5"tai"asi leat u!ara -e a-a"a" 3a"# !i!istri&usi-a". &.
Pe"!istri&usia" +e Rua"#a" Pasie" Taha; ;e"!istri&usia" -e ta"#a" ;asie" !i RSSA !a;at !i-ate#5ri-a" CCP
-are"a !a;at tera!i -5"tai"asi &aha3a /isi- 3aitu !ari alat 3a"# !i#u"a-a" u"tue&aa a-a"a" 3aitu -ereta a-a"a" 3a"# -ea!aa" !i!ala"3a su!ah &er-arat !a" eleati se;a"a"# ala" RSSA 3a"# &isa e"i&u--a" -5"tai"asi !e&u !a" -5t5ra" leat u!ara. Selai" &aha3a /isi-B &aha3a lai" 3a"# !a;at tera!i a!alah &aha3a &i5l5#i 3aitu !ari te"a#a ;e"aah !ia"a -5"!isi te"a#a ;e-ar3a
!ari ta"#a" !a" ;a-aia""3a
3a"#
&isa ti!a-
terai"
-ehi#ie"isa""3a. Nau" hal itu &isa !ihi"!ari -are"a a-a"a" 3a"# !i&aa su!ah !itutu; e"##u"a-a" ;lasti- ;res 3a"# ra;at.
64
0A0 I@ .ESI/PULAN DAN SARAN A6
.esi&
Pa!a saat ;e"3ele"##araa" e"u 9R5la!e tahu isi !a#i"#: !i RSSA elalui &e&era;a taha; 3aitu a7
Pa!a taha; ;e"eriaa" su!ah sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asiB !ila-u-a" !e"#a" siste -5",e"si5"al 3aitu &aha" a-a"a" !iteria !e"#a" e;erhati-a" s;esi/i-asi 3a"# telah !ite"tu-a" I"stalasi Gi2i RSSA. A;a&ila &aha" a-a"a" ti!a- sesuai !e"#a" s;esi/i-asiB a-a &aha" a-a"a" terse&ut !i-e&ali-a".
&7
Pa!a taha; ;ersia;a" !ila-u-a" ;ersia;a" &aha" &a-u !a" ;ersia;a" &u&u. Persia;a" telur eli;uti eli;uti ;ere&usa" telur !a" ;e"#u;asa" -ulit telur. Se!a"#-a" ;ersia;a" &u&u eli;uti ;e"#halusa" &u&u
65
&u&u. Pa!a &e&era;a taha; se;erti ;ere&usa" telurB ;e"#u;asa" telurB ;e"#halusa" &u&u !a;at tera!i -5"tai"asi &aha3a /isi- 3aitu !ari -5t5ra" !a" alat 3a"# !i#u"a-a"B &aha3a &i5l5#i 3aitu sera"###a !a" -ehi#ie"isa" te"a#a ;e"aah. 47
Pa!a taha; ;e"3i;a"a" &aha" &a-u !a" &u&u su!ah sesuai !e"#a" suhu 3a"# !i#u"a-a" 3aitu u"tu- &aha" &a-u telur ;a!a suhu rua"# $1$=C !a" &u&u ;a!a suhu leari ;e"!i"#i" 1'%C. +eu!ia" alat 3a"# !i#u"a-a" u#a su!ah sesuai sta"!ar alat !a" ;r5se!ur.
!7
Pa!a taha; ;e"#5laha" su!ah sesuai !e"#a" ;r5se!ur 3aitu easa!e"#a" suhu ti"##i 3aitu -isara" '%%C 3a"# !a;at e"#hila"#-a" atau e"4e#ah ;ertu&uha" &a-teri. +eu!ia" alat 3a"# !i#u"a-a" u#a su!ah sesuai sta"!ar alat !a" ;r5se!ur
e7
Pa!a taha; !istri&usi !i!a;ur !a" !irua"#a" 6-e ta"#a" ;asie"7 su!ah sesuai !e"#a" ;r5se!ur. Nau" -ehi#ie"isa" alat !a" te"a#a ;e"aah asih &elu sesuai !e"#a" sta"!ar 3a"# a!a !ia"a ;a!a saat ;e"!istri&usia" &erla"#su"# asih a!a alat 3a"# !i;a-ai se;erti ;lat5 -ereta a-a"a" 3a"# &er-arat !i!ala"3a !a" te"a#a ;e"aah 3a"# ti!aea-ai Alat Peli"!u"# Diri 6APD7 3a"# le"#-a; se;erti as-erB saru"# ta"#a" serta asih a!a &e&era;a te"a#a ;e"aah 3a"# ea-ai 4i"4i" !a" &er&i4ara -eti-a ;r5ses ;e"!istri&usia" &erla"#su"#. Hal i"i !a;at e"i&ul-a" -5"tai"asi !ari u!ara -e a-a"a".
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06
Saran
a7 Se&ai-"3a ;a!a ;ere&usa" telur &erla"#su"#B telur he"!a-"3a !i4u4i terle&ih !ahulu a#ar ei"ialisir -5"tai"asi &aha3a /isi- se;erti -5t5ra" 3a"# e"e;el ;a!a telur. &7 Se&ai-"3a ;e"aah atau ;etu#as ;easa- harus le&ih !ite-a"-a" te"ta"# ;e"##u"aa" sta"!ar &u&u ta&aha" se;erti #araB #ula !ll. 47 Se&ai-"3a ;e"3i;a"a" a-a"a" 3a"# su!ah ata"# se&ai-"3a !ileta-a" !i!ala a!ah 3a"# tertutu;B u"tu- e"#hi"!ari a!a"3a -5"tai"asi sila"# 3a"# ter&aa 5leh u!ara. !7 Se&ai-"3a ;e"aah atau ;etu#as ;easa- se&ai-"3a e"##u"a-a" alat ;eli"!u"# !iri se;erti as-erB ;e"utu; -e;alaB serta saru"# ta"#a". e7 Se&ai-"3a ;a!a saat ;e"4a;ura" &u&u !a" telur -eti-a ;e"#5laha"B telur !i4a;ur -e!ala &u&u !iaa" a#ar &u&u !a;at eresa; -e!ala telur sehi"##a rasa &u&u erata -e telur. /7 Se&ai-"3a ;e"e;ata" te;at sa;ah se&ai-"3a !ileta--a" auh !ari te;at ea ;ersia;a" sehi"##a ti!a- ter4ear 5leh ar5a !a" i-r55r#a"ise 3a"# a-a" ter&aa 5leh u!ara. #7 Se&ai-"3a sa"itasi serta -ela3a-a" alat harus teta; !i;erhati-a"B se;erti e"4u4i alat 3a"# a-a" !i#u"a-a" setia; se&elu atau;u" sesu!ah ela-u-a" ;r5ses ;e"#5laha" a#ar h3#ie"itas alat teta; tera#a !a" ei"ialisir ;e"4eara" i-r55r#a"ise terutaa ;a!a ;asie". h7 Se&ai-"3a ;a!a ;r5ses ;ersia;a" !istri&usiB ;etu#as ;e"3ai e"##u"a-a" Alat Peli"!u"# Diri 6APD7 3a"# le"#-a; se;erti saru"# ta"#a"B as-erB serta ;e"utu; -e;ala sehi"##a a-a"a" 3a"# a-a" !i!istri&usi-a" e"a!i
67
ti"##i ti"#-at -eaa"a""3a !a" ti!a- ter4ear i-r55r#a"ise elalui u!araB !a u#a e"##ura"#i ti"#-at -e&isi"#a" a#ar u!ara a"tara a-a"a" !a" se-itar ti!a- ter4a;ur 3a"# e"i&ul-a" &aha3a.
68
DAFTAR PUSTA.A
PGRS. $%%@ htt;??;utra;ra&u.5r!;ress.45?$%%>?'$?$=?hi#ie"e!a"sa"itasi a-a"a"? htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?TelurKJ$>a-a"a"J$ htt;??e;ri"ts.u"!i;.a4.i!?'@'(? htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?)aa"#Kerah htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?Le"#-uas htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?SalaKJ$>tu&uha"J$ htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?Mi"3a-K#5re"# htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?+u"3it id.%i&ipedia.org/%i&i/'ahe htt;??.5-e/55!.45?rea!?$%'$?'$?$0?(%0?=(@11=?ti;se&elie"3i;a" ahe htt;??i!.i-i;e!ia.5r#?i-i?+eiri htt;??;5"!5-i&u.45?;r5!u-?a"e-ai"3a-?su&ur-a"ra&ut!e"#a"i"3a- -eiri htt;??5s.u"u!.a4.i!?i"!e.;h;?i,?arti4le?!5"l5a!?@0=?0@ htt;??i!.s4ri&!.45?!54?'$'@$'@'=?FIXHACCPTahu)&A4ar i!.s4ri&!.45?!54?'''$%(01? accpSblgrng*elur 6htt;??.i-ata"a;5te-eri"!5"esia."et?;hara43"es?(0;hara43 "es?'(>(as;a!ai-5"tai"asi&a-teri;a!atelur.htl7. htt;??.5-e/55!.45?rea!?$%'$?'%?(%?(%0?=''$0'?&erar5a;ilihle"#-uas ta-&er4a&a"# htt;??.-uli"5l5#i.&i2?i"!e'.;h;,iei!0% htt;??lel3-esehata".5r!;ress.45?$%''?%(?'?;e"3i;a"a"&aha"a-a"a" -eri"#?
LA/PIRAN D*ku&enasi Alur Pe&(uaan R*la'e ahu isi 'a2in2
Persia;a" &u&u -ali5 !i &a#ia" ;ersia;a" &u&u.
Telur a3a !ire&us hi"##a ata"# !a" !i-u;as !ala air !i"#i"
2
)u&u 3a"# telah !i;ersia;-a" !ituis hi"##a ata"#
Telur re&us 3a"# telah !i-u;as !isirai tuisa" &u&u 3a"# telah ata"# hi"##a erata
