sgd modul mata lbm 4

1. Mekanism Mekanisme e terbentuk terbentuknya nya katarak katarak

2. Mekanism Mekanisme e kerusak kerusakan an pada retino retinopati pati diabeti diabetikum kum

3. Faktor resiko katarak dan retinopati diabetikum

4. Algoritma retinopati diabetikum 5. Klasifkasi dan grading katarak

6. Fisiologi lensa mata

7. Katarak

•

Etiology  o ! "#$%&! o '%# ()*'%& o 'M*K"#+ o ,!)&-#'"*# o K"#! "'*&&' o "A/-' M"00-%' 0*#+ -&M %' *F '-&*"' o o  -*(" '%/'-A#' ,&"-A&! o

•

Classifcation o cataract 

a. Morphological classifcation o 'ubapsular atarat  Anterior subapsular atarat  )osterior subapsular atarat o #ulear atarat inoles te nuleus o lens.  !ello to bron oloration  egeneratie anges ourring as nulear slerosis  "nrease in ater insoluble proteins8  ompation o nuleus resulting in a ard atarat.  isturbane o lamellar arrangement in fbres o ortial atarat  edge saped or radial spokelike opaities.  enaturation and oagulation o lens proteins.  erease leel o aminoaids and protein systesis  "nreased ydration brougt by derease in potassium due to reersal o #a9K pump meanism. o )olar atarat

b. Classifcation according to maturity

o o o

An immature atarat A mature atarat A ypermature atarat

A morgagnian atarat c. Etiological classifcation ongenital and deelopmental atarat o  ongenital atarat deelops rom some disturbane to normal deelopment o lens . -e disturbane ours beore te birt -e opaity may limit to embryoni or oetal nuleus.  eelopmental atarat ours rom inany to adolesene. -e opaity inoles inantile or adult nuleus. 3 ildren out o 1:8::: lie birts.  -o tird o te ases are bilateral. o A;uired atarat  'enile atarat  ommon and bilateral aboe te age o 5: years.  Male< Female<<1<1  tiology  ,ereditary < "nidene8 age o onset and maturation  %ltraoilet radiation < More e=posure to %>rays ? early maturation.  ietary ators < )oor diatery ators eg8 lak o ertain aminoaids8 >itamines @>itamin 8 >itamin 8 riboainB and essential minerals.  eydrational risis < )rior episode o seere deydration due to diarrea and olera. o

   



 -raumati atarat  ompliated @seondaryB atarat . eg8 ueitis8 patologial myopia8 glauoma8 retinal detament8 retinitis pigmentosa et8  Metaboli atarat . g8 iabetes8 ypoalaemia8 CilsonDs disease8 0oeDs syndrome  letri atarat  &adiational atarat  rug indued atarat eg8 ortiosteroid8 opper8 iron8 lorpromaEine8 /usulpan8 Allopurinol8 Amiodarone8 et8  atarat assoiated it skin diseases . g8 atopi dermatitis8 sleroderma8 et8  atarat it misellaneous syndromes . g8 ystropia myotonia8 onDs syndrome et8 d. Age o onset classifcation  1.*#+#"-A0

2."#FA#-"0

•

3.$%>"#"0 4.)&'#"0 5.'#"0 Signs and Symptoms o 'igns <  *paifation o te normally lear lens seen troug te pupil  "ndistint on retina e=amination  &ed ree= may be dim  #o aerent pupillary deet  Myopi sit o 'ymptoms < /lurred ision 

 

)ainless progressie isual loss +lare



&edued olor pereption



• 

olor aloes  %nioular diplopia  /ased on te loation and density Grading

+&A :< 0A& 0#' +&A 1< 'C*00# F"/&' A# '%/ A)'%0A& *)A"-"' +&A 2< #%0A& A-A&A- A# >"'"/0 0#' F"/&' +&A 3< '-&*#+ #%0A& A-A&A- C"-, )&"#%0A& A&A *)A"-! +&A 4< -*-A0 *)A"-!

G. "ndikasi dilakukan operasi katarak

H. -eknik operasi pada katarak