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@js gbrrnabs sjl b` ijlaultj eb pmbzns prmlimpn`obltb eb gmbrrj y i`nvjs qub sb utm`mznl pnrn nsbdurnr. Iunlej gnk`nojs eb `js gbrrnabs eb `js oubk`bs, ljs rbfbrmrbojs n b``js ijoj `ns pmbzns qub smrvbl pnrn ulmr, ibrrnr j dmrnr pnrtbs eb `js oubk`bs. Yb b`nkjrnl bl emvbrsjs obtn`bs (`ntùl, gmbrrj y nibrnejs) j bl p`îstmij, qub `ùdminobltb sjl sjl eb obljr in`mene y obljs eurnebrjs bl b` tmbopj. tmbopj. N`duljs eb bstjs gbrrnabs y niibsjrmjs vnl n tblbr drnl mopjrtnlimn bl `n bstítmin fmln` eb` oubk`b (insj eb tmrnejrbs j onlm``ns)8 pjr bstb ojtmvj, pnrn su b`biimùl smboprb gnkrî qub pjlbr bspbimn` iumenej, pubs uln on`n b`biimùl pubeb ``bvnr n tblbr emfmiu`tnebs pnrn su vbltn j `n pjsmk`b ebvj`uimùl. Sjr ñ`tmoj inkb ebimr, qub smboprb sb tmblbl qub pjlbr gbrrnabs eb in`mene, pubstj qub `j knrntjs y eb bsinsn in`mene sn`bl inrjs n obemj p`nzj. Nsï pjr babop`j, uln kmsndrn eb on`n in`mene, pubeb ``bvnr n `n rjturn eb `n pubrtn j eb` `ntbrn` sjkrb `n qub sb ij`jin, pubs n` pjij tmbopj sb inbrî `n pubrtn ijlsbiublimn eb `n on`n in`mene eb `n kmsndrn.
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GB[[NA GB[[ NABY BY SN SN[N [N IN IN[S [SML MLUB UB[Ï [ÏN N ] ORB ORBK@ K@B. B. UM UMSJ SJY. Y. NS@MINIMÙL. OJLUNAB
;.> I`nvjs, pultns y tjrlm``js N. I`nvjs @ns i`nvmans sb bop`bnl ijoj bspmdns bl blsnok`bs qub lj sb pubebl ebsojltnr. @ns qub bstîl fnkrminens n oîqumln sjl smop`bobltb rbejlejs ijrtnejs n `jldmtuebs ebtbromlnens, nulqub tnokmíl sb vblebl pjr obtrjs `mlbn`bs. Ljron`obltb `js i`nvjs bstîl rbn`mznejs bl gmbrrj, pbrj tnokmíl gny i`nvjs eb fjran, qub sb usnl ijoj tnigjlbs pnrn fmanr gbrrnabs fjranejs n onlj, ijoj i`nvjs eb tnk`n, i`nvjs eb nejrlj. Yjl eb nibrj sml n`bnr y sb pubebl fjranr f jranr n onlj j n oîqumln. Bxmstbl tnokmíl i`nvjs ejtnejs eb uln inpn dn`vnlmznen qub `bs prjtbdbl eb` ùxmej. @n rbsmstblimn eb uln ulmùl ijl i`nvjs ebpbleb eb `n bspbimb eb onebrn eb `n qub sb trntb, eb` ijltblmej eb guobene qub puben tblbr `n onebrn, eb `n jrmbltnimùl eb `n vbtn, eb` drubsj eb `n inþn eb` i`nvj y eb `n `jldmtue eb nprmbtj qub gnyn pblbtrnej bl `n inþn bl `ns ejs pmbzns eb onebrn. @ùdminobltb `js i`nvjs rbn`mznejs bl nibrj pblbtrnrîl obajr bl `n onebrn qub `js eb gmbrrj, qub tmblebl n pnrtmrsb ijl fnim`mene iunlej `n rbsmstblimn qub jfrbib `n onebrn bs n`tn.
K. Sultns @ns pultns sjl pmbzns eb gmbrrj eb nibrj `nrdns y eb`dnens, ijl inkbzn, fustb y pultn, qub sb utm`mznl bl `n trnknzùl eb vmdns, pubrtns, btiítbrn. @ns pultns sjl i`nvjs pbqubþjs qub sb utm`mznl pnrn trnknajs fmljs. [bimkbl su ljokrb sbdñl `n fjron eb `n inkbzn. Yb usnl fulenobltn`obltb bl `n ijlstruiimùl eb onqubtns, bl b` rbfjrznombltj eb mld`btbs, btiítbrn. Bl `n vmen rbn`, bstn emfbrblimn ijlibptun` bltrb pultns y i`nvjs lj sb tmblb bl iubltn, pbrj vnojs n onltblbr `n emfbrblimnimùl ijlibptun` pjrqub tnltj ijoj bl su b`nkjrnimùl ijoj bl b` usj bxmstbl emfbrblimns bltrb ulns y jtrns. @ns pultns ijlstnl eb inkbzn, inþn y pultn. @n inþn eb `ns pultns insm smboprb tmblb uln sbiimùl imriu`nr.
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Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M Bltrb `js emstmltjs tmpjs eb pultns, pjebojs bluobrnr `js smdumbltbs1 n) Sul Sultn tn rbejl rbejlen en eb inkb inkbzn zn p`nl p`nln1 n1 Rsj dblbrn` bl inrpmltbrïn y bl `n ijlstruiimùl eb onqubtns eb jkrns. Umblbl ul ninknej bl nibrj krm``nltb y ul tnonþj bltrb ;2 y >23 om`ïobtrjs. k) Su Sult ltns ns jvn jvn`n `nen ens1 s1 Eb usj dblbrn` bl inrpmltbrïn. Umblb ul fustb eb sbiimùl jvn`nen, `j qub rbeuib b` rmbsdj eb rnanr `n onebrn. @n inkbzn sb pubeb bokutmr bl `n supbrfmimb. B` ninknej bs bl nibrj krm``nltb y `js tnonþjs bltrb ;2 y >23 om`ïobtrjs. i) Sul Sultn tn eb ink inkbzn bzn pbr pbreme emen1 n1 I`nvj eb fustb eb`dnej. @n inkbzn sb jiu`tn bl `n supbrfmimb y sb utm`mznl pnrn rbfjrznr `ns ulmjlbs n tjpb y n mld`btb. B` ninknej bs bl nibrj krm``nltb y `js tnonþjs jsim`nl bltrb `js 53 y `js imbl om`ïobtrjs. e) Sultn pbqub pbqubþn þn eb eb inkbzn inkbzn pbreme pbremen1 n1 Ymrvbl pnrn fmanr tnk`brjs eb`dnejs eb ijltrnignpnej j eb nd`jobrnej. B` ninknej bs bl nibrj krm``nltb y b` tnonþj vnrïn bltrb >; y 23 om`ïobtrjs. b) Drn Drnpn pn jl jleu eu`n `nen en11 Ymrvb pnrn ulmjlbs tjsins j lj vmsmk`bs n tjpb j n mld`btb. @ns drnpns sb ij`jinl blimon eb `n ulmùl y sb gulebl n lmvb` eb `n supbrfmimb eb `n onebrn. B` ninknej bs bl nibrj mljxmenk`b y `js tnonþjs vnl eb `js 6 om`ïobtrjs n `js ;; om`ïobtrjs. f) S` S`nnin eb ulm lmùl ùl11 Bs uln p`nin prjvmstn eb pñns obtî`mins utm`mznen bl `n fmanimùl eb b`bobltjs bstruiturn`bs. Yb i`nvn trnlsvbrsn` n `n aultn. Ninknej bl nibrj dn`vnlmznej8 `js tnonþjs vnl eb ;2 x >;2 om`ïobtrjs n >42 x 923 om`ïobtrjs. @ns pultns ebkbl i`nvnrsb ijl ul onrtm``j prjpjrimjln` n su drjsjr. Nuobltnrî `n sj`mebz eb` blsnok`b mltrjeuimílej`ns n`dj mli`mlnens y utm`mznlej `ns oîs `nrdns pnrn `ns onebrns k`nlens. Lj ebkbl i`nvnrsb bl uln omson `ïlbn pnrn lj bxpjlbrsb n qub `n onebrn sb rnab. @n rbsmstblimn eb ul i`nvj ebpbleb eb su onyjr j obljr pblbtrnimùl bl `n onebrn. @n ulmùl smboprb sbrî oîs fubrtb sm `n pultn sb i`nvn n trnvís eb `ns fmkrns eb `n onebrn qub sm sb i`nvn bl su emrbiimùl. Iunlej sb tbldnl qub i`nvnr pultns drubsns bl onebrns eurns, prbvmnobltb sb rbn`mznrî ul nduabrj bl `n onebrn qub fnim`mtb `n pblbtrnimùl eb `n pultn. Neboîs bs rbijoblenk`b bokneurlnr ístns eb ibrn j nibmt nibmtbb pnrn fnim`mtnr fnim`mtnr su pblbt pblbtrnimùl rnimùl.. B` i`nvj sb tmblb qub suabtnr ijl b` ebej ïlemib y b` pu`dnr. Bl insj eb qub b` i`nvj j `n pultn fubrnl ouy fmljs sb pubeb suabtnr ijl ul n`mintb. Snrn bopbznr n i`nvnr b` onrtm``j sb ebkb suabtnr pjr `n omtne eb su onldj, ombltrns qub iunlej gn smej mltrjeuimen `n pultn j b` i`nvj ul pjij sb ebkb ndnrrnr eb` bxtrboj eb` onldj pnrn qub `n bfminimn eb` dj`pb sbn tjtn`. @js i`nvjs y `ns pultns sb ejk`nl iunlej lj sb ntmln eb ``blj sjkrb su inkbzn. Bl `n prîitmin n `n gjrn eb i`nvnr sb ebkb omrnr `n inkbzn eb` i`nvj, lulin b` onrtm``j. Iunlej lj qubrnojs qub `n inkbzn eb` i`nvj j eb `n pultn sjkrbsn`dn eb `n supbrfmimb sb `b bokutb ijl b` kjtnejr. Ijoj ljron dblbrn`, smboprb qub `n onebrn vnyn n sbr tmltnen, sb `b bokutmrî `n inkbzn. @js i`nvjs y `ns pultns sb suabtnl pjr rjznombltj, `n suabimùl sbrî oîs eíkm` sm pblbtrnl bl `n onebrn bl `n emrbiimùl eb `n fmkrn eb ístn. [bn`obltb bs fîim` sninr ul i`nvj j sbpnrnr ejs onebrns i`nvnens sm
ibp bemtjrmn` }
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Nltjlmj @ums Ynonlmbdj Ynstrb `n fubrzn n `n qub `n sjobtbojs nitñn bl emrbiimùl n` bab. Sjr b``j, sm `ns obtbojs pbrpblemiu`nrobltb `n emfmiu`tne pnrn sninr`ns sbrî onyjr. @n pmbzn oîs eb`dnen sb tmblb qub i`nvnr sjkrb `n oîs drubsn, pnrn qub `n inkbzn suabtb n nqub``n. @ns obajrbs suabimjlbs sb ijlsmdubl iunlej b` i`nvj bs ejs j trbs ibltïobtrjs oîs `nrdj qub b` drubsj eb `n onebrn. Iunlej sb i`nvn ibrin eb `n tbstn eb uln tnk`n j eb ul `mstùl, gny qub tjonr prbinuimjlbs pnrn qub `n onebrn lj sb rnab. Ym bs pjsmk`b, sb i`nvn oîs ntrîs qub b` bxtrboj, ebanlej ul sjkrnltb qub pjstbrmjrobltb sb smbrrn. Lj sb pubebl ij`jinr ejs i`nvjs bl `n omson `ïlbn eb fmkrn eb `n onebrn, pubs ístn pjerïn gblemrsb ijl fnim`mene. Snrn sninr ul i`nvj j uln pultn ouy obtmejs sb usn `n kjin eb `n tblnzn. Bl insj eb qub lj sb puembrn ndnrrnr `n inkbzn eb bstb ojej, sb b`momln ul pjij eb onebrn n su n`rbebejr ijl ul fjroùl vmbaj gnstn qub sb puben sninr. Yb b`momlnrî gnimblej pn`nlin ijl `n tblnzn gnimn ntrîs, lj eb onlbrn `ntbrn`, pnrn bvmtnr qub `js i`nvjs sn`dnl tjrimejs. @ns pultns sb vblebl pjr hm`js. B` pbsj eb ``blnej vnrmnrî bltrb > hd y >3 hd. Bl `js pnqubtbs ejleb sb ljs prbsbltnl vblerî bspbimfminej neboîs eb` pbsj, `n i`nsb y b` tnonþj eb `ns pultns. Gny pultns qub sb pubebl i`nvnr ijl uln i`nvnejrn eb nmrb ijoprmomej. @ns pultns n usnr ijl `jldmtuebs bltrb 93 oo y >33 oo sb onltmblbl aultns bl uln tmrn qub sb mltrjeuib bl `n i`nvnejrn Inkb sbþn`nr ijoj pultn bspbimn` n `ns drnpns, qub sjl obemjs eb ulmùl b`nkjrnejs bl n`nokrb eb nibrj. Ybdñl su fjron pjebojs emstmldumr drnpns eb `joj bstrbigj, ljron` y nligj. B` usj eb `ns drnpnejrns bs nop`mj, pbrj n ojej eb babop`j sb pubeb imtnr `n fmanimùl eb e b `js pnlb`bs trnsbrjs eb `js nronrmjs y `n ulmùl eb tnk`ns. Ybdñl sus fjrons, `ns pultns rbimkbl emstmltns ebljomlnimjlbs1 n) N`iny N`inyntns ntns11 Umblbl Umblbl `n inkbzn inkbzn ejk`ne ejk`nen. n. k) Unigu Unigub`ns1 b`ns1 Rtm`m Rtm`mznen znen pnrn prblebr prblebr tb`ns tb`ns.. i) Gmtns Gmtns11 Umblbl np`mi np`minimùl nimùl bl gbrrna gbrrnabs bs eb vbltnln vbltnlnss y kn`ijlbs. kn`ijlbs.
I. Ujrl rlmm``js Ebljomlnejs tnokmíl tmrnfjlejs sb `bs pjerïn ebfmlmr ijoj i`nvjs ijl inkbzn eb fjron vnrmnen, ijl uln rjsn bl gí`mib y, bltrb nokns, uln sbiimùl im`ïlermin (fustb). @js gny eb nibrj, eb gmbrrj, eb `ntùl, dn`vnlmznejs, lmqub`nejs, krjonejs y ineomnejs. Bl b` eïn e ïn n eïn eb `js tn``brbs sjl prbfbrmk`bs n `ns pultns bl `js trnknajs oîs ninknejs j qub lbibsmtnl ebsojltnrsb, pnrn `ubdj vj`vbr n ojltnrsb. @js tjrlm``js j tmrnfjlejs bl `n onebrn sb usnl pnrn ulmr pmbzns prjpjrimjlnlej uln fubrzn eb suabimùl qub gnib `n ulmùl rbsmstbltb y, n `n vbz, fîim` eb ebsojltnr. Unokmíl sb usnl pnrn fmanr kmsndrns, ibrrneurns j tmrnejrbs. @n onyjrïn eb `js tjrlm``js sjl eb nibrj dn`vnlmznej, pjr tblbr onyjr rbsmstblimn. @js tjrlm``js eb `ntùl sjl oîs ebijrntmvjs y `js eb nibrj mljxmenk`b sjl rbijoblenk`bs pnrn usjs bxtbrmjrbs, enej qub sjl ouy rbsmstbltbs n `n ijrrjsmùl. @js tjrlm``js eb nibrj sb pubebl knþnr bl zmli, ijl b` fml eb bvmtnr `n brjsmùl, y sb pubebl knþnr bl irjoj, iuyj fml sjl `js bfbitjs ebijrntmvjs. Sjr jtrn pnrtb, iunlej ljs rbfbrmojs n `n `jldmtue eb ul tjrlm``j gnibojs rbfbrblimn n `n pnrtb eb í` qub bltrn bl `n onebrn. Snrn obemr ul tjrlm``j eb inkbzn bokutmen sb obemrî eb bxtrboj n bxtrboj, ombltrns qub ulj eb inkbzn rbejlen sb omeb ebseb `n pultn gnstn b` mlfbrmjr eb `n inkbzn. Bstn obemen smboprb sbrî bltrb 6 y >2 om`ïobtrjs. N `n gjrn eb mlsbrtnr ul tjrlm``j gny qub b`bdmr ulj iuyn `jldmtue sbn trbs vbibs b` drjsjr eb `n onebrn qub sb qumbrb nsbdurnr, tblmblej ouigj iumenej eb qub lj sjkrbsn`dn pjr b` jtrj `nej. Bs kublj ebanr 597
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Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M smboprb trbs om`ïobtrjs eb emfbrblimn, pubs b` tjrlm``j vn n ojemfminr `ns fmkrns eb `n onebrn y smboprb ebanrî ul ku`tj vmsmk`b. Nltbs eb ij`jinr b` tjrlm``j, prbvmnobltb sb pmlign ijl pulzùl, knrrbln eb onlj y bl insj eb sbr `nrdjs sb tn`nernl. Lj gnib fn`tn rbn`mznr ul tn`nerj bxibsmvnobltb `nrdj y drubsj, pubs b` tjrlm``j j tmrnfjlejs n obemen qub vn bltrnlej su rjsin bl `n onebrn lj blijltrnrïn npjyj bl ístn. Sjr bstn omson rnzùl tnopjij ebkbl obtbrsb `js tjrlm``js n onrtm``nzjs. Rln bxibpimùl n bstj ñ`tmoj sbrïnl `js tjrlm``js j tmrnfjlejs-i`nvjs, pubs tmblbl uln rjsin qub ljs pbromtb obtbr bstjs tjrlm``js n dj`pb eb onrtm``nzjs, sb nprmbtnl `ns fmkrns eb `n onebrn ijltrn `n rjsin eb ojej qub ndnrrnl oîs qub `js i`nvjs j pultns. Bstjs tmrnfjlejs sb pubebl sninr ijl ul ebstjrlm``nejr dmrnlej n `n mzqumbren. B` ebstjrlm``nejr sb tmblb qub onltblbr bl `n omson emrbiimùl qub b` tjrlm``j, pnrn qub lj rbskn`b bl `n rnlurn. Bl `js tjrlm``js tnokmíl sb omeb b` emîobtrj eb `n inkbzn j dn`dn. Bl `ns inans eb `js tjrlm``js vmblb bspbimfminej j kmbl `js om`ïobtrjs eb dn`dn j pjr lñobrjs, eb` ibrj n` vbmltb, smblej b` lñobrj ;3 b` tjrlm``j oîs drubsj. Nsï, b` lñobrj >5 tblerî uljs 6 om`ïobtrjs. Iunltj onyjr fmanimùl sb qumbrb, onyjr drjsjr, nulqub b` emîobtrj eb` tjrlm``j lulin ebkb sbr oîs nligj qub uln eíimon pnrtb eb `n nligurn eb `n onebrn bl `n qub sb vn n mlsbrtnr. N `n gjrn eb ij`jinr ul tjrlm``j bl `n onebrn, bs rbijoblenk`b gnibr ul tn`nerj duïn, usnlej ul tn`nerj oîs bstrbigj qub `n rjsin eb` tjrlm``j ijl b` fml eb bvmtnr qub sb nstm``b `n onebrn y onltblbr uln emrbiimùl rbitn. Gnkrbojs eb emstmldumr bltrb tjrlm``js ijlvblimjln`bs y tjrlm``js eb ejk`b rjsin1 n) Ujrl Ujrlm`` m``js js ijl ijlvbl vblimj imjln` ln`bs1 bs1 @js gny ijl vîstndj y sml vîstndj. Rl tjrlm``j ijl vîstndj sb ebsirmkmrïn eb `n smdumbltb fjron1 ul 63 pjr imbltj eb `n `jldmtue tjtn` eb` tjrlm``j bstnrïn rjsinen y b` rbstj sbrïn b` vîstndj qub nitunrïn ijoj bspmdn. Neboîs, tmblb uln inkbzn oîs nlign qub bs `n qub fman bl su smtmj `n pmbzn. k) Ujrl Ujrlm`` m``js js eb eb ejk`b ejk`b rjs rjsin1 in1 Ijl vîstndj y sml vîstndj. Yus fm`btbs sjl oîs eurjs y prjpjrimjlnl uln fmanimùl pjebrjsn, mli`usj bl tnk`brjs eb nd`jobrnej. Bstî rjsinej oîs eb` 63 pjr imbltj y b` vîstndj bs oîs bstrbigj qub bl `js tjrlm``js ijlvblimjln`bs, ijl `j iun` gny obljs pb`mdrj eb nkrmr `n onebrn. Sjr jtrn pnrtb, rbspbitj n `ns inkbzns eb nokjs tjrlm``js, gny qub emstmldumr1 n) In Inkb kbzn zn p`n p`nln ln11 @n inkbzn quben n lmvb` eb `n supbrfmimb. k) In Inkb kbzn zn rb rbej ejlen len11 Yb usnl iunlej sb fman onebrn n p`nligns eb`dnens. @n pnrtb mlfbrmjr eb `n inkbzn bs p`nln. i) Dj Djttn eb eb sbk sbkj1 j1 Inkbzn `mdbrnobltb nkjvbenen. Bstn fmanimùl quben n `n vmstn. Unokmíl gbojs eb tblbr bl iubltn `ns rnlurns eb `n inkbzn eb `js tjrlm``js. Nsï, gnk`nrbojs eb1 n) Eb rnl rnlur urnn sbli sblim` m``n `n11 [nlurn emnobtrn` pnrn rbimkmr ul tjrlm``j rbitj. k) Ujrl Ujrlm`` m``jj eb eb bstr bstrb`` b``n1 n1 Bltn``neurns iruimfjrobs pnrn rbimkmr ul ebstjrlm``nejr bl pultn eb bstrb``n j eb iruz. Bstjs ebstjrlm``nejrbs tmblbl onyjr supbrfmimb eb ndnrrb bl `n inkbzn eb` tjrlm``j y pjr `j tnltj obajr nsmbltj, babrimblej onyjr trniimùl qub `js eb rnlurn sblim``n. ibp bemtjrmn` }
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Nltjlmj @ums Ynonlmbdj Ynstrb i) Uj Ujrlm rlm`` ``jj eb sbdu sbdurm rmen ene1 e1 Yb trntn eb tjrlm``js n prubkn eb rjkjs qub sb utm`mznl pnrn fmanr ibrrneurns y jkabtjs vn`mjsjs. Jtrjs tjrlm``js qub pjebojs ebstninr sbrïnl `js smdumbltbs1 n) Ujrlm` Ujrlm``js `js ijl bokb``bibe bokb``bibejr1 jr1 Yb trntn eb tjrlm``js nvb``nlnejs pnrn onebrn qub ``bvnl bl su inkbzn ul jrmfmimj j uln rjsin mltbrmjr. Rln vbz ntjrlm``nejs sb mltrjeuib bl b` jrmfmimj uln i`nvman eb nejrlj eb p`îstmij j bl `n rjsin sb ntjrlm``n ul tjrlm``j jrlnobltn`. k) Ujrlm`` Ujrlm``js js pnrn pnrn onebrn onebrn iunernen iunernen j gbxndjln`1 gbxndjln`1 Yb bop`bnl pnrn ulmr pmbzns drnlebs y drubsns, nokjs tmpjs sjl ntjrlm``nejs ijl ``nvbs. i) Ujrlm`` Ujrlm``js js pnrn p`nli p`nligns gns eb nd`jo nd`jobrnej1 brnej1 Yjl eb nibrj tbop`nej y lj tmblbl vîstndj sml rjsin j bs ouy pbqubþj. Ijlstnl eb uln ejk`b rjsin eb ejk`b gm`j y inkbzn nvb``nlnen ijl rnlurn bl iruz j sblim``n. @n pultn ibltrnen eb` tjrlm``j prjpjrimjln ul ntjrlm``nej prbimsj, bvmtnlej b` ebsdnrrj eb` nd`jobrnej. Neboîs, sb pubebl imtnr n`dulns fjrons bspbimn`bs eb tjrlm``js1 - @js tjrlm``js eb ulmùl ``bvnl uln pmbzn eb pj`mnomen eb emstmltjs ij`jrbs qub nknrin `n rjsin eb` vîstndj. Yb bop`bnl bl b` blsnok`b eb emstmltns pnrtbs eb `js oubk`bs. - @js tjrlm``js eb bspîrrndj eb nibrj ``bvnl uln pnrtb ijl rjsin pnrn onebrn j onebrn ijopubstns y jtrn ijl rjsin oítrmin. oítrmin. Yb ntjrlm``nl n `n onebrn ijl `n nyuen eb uln rjsin eb sjokrbrbtb. - @js onldumtjs eb blij`nr sb bop`bnl ijoj obemj eb suabimùl eb pmbzns eb onebrn j eb onebrn ijopubstn qub sb tbldn qub ntjrlm``nr y ebsntjrlm``nr. B` bxtrboj eb` onldumtj bs iùlmij pnrn fnim`mtnr su mltrjeuiimùl bl b` nduabrj tn`nernej. Srmobrj sb `b en ij`n y, `ubdj, sb mltrjeuib bl b` nduabrj ijl `mdbrjs dj`pbs. - @js onldumtjs rjsinejs eb nibrj, `ntùl j n`bnimùl eb n`uomlmj tmblbl uln rjsin oítrmin mltbrmjr y jtrn bxtbrmjr pnrn onebrn y uln rnlurn nxmn` bl ul bxtrboj. Ymrvbl pnrn nsbdurnr b` nli`nab eb tjrlm``js eb onqumlnrmns bl onebrn, onebrn ijopubstn y p`îstmij. N` mltrjeuimr`js bl `js ndu abrjs tn`nernejs tn``nl su rjsin bxtbrmjr bl b` ontbrmn`. - @js tjrlm``js np`nstnejs ijl iub``j iunernej smrvbl eb onlbrn bsblimn` pnrn bvmtnr b` rjkj eb `js gbrrnabs fmanejs n `n onebrn. - @js ku`jlbs rjsinejs sb bop`bnl pnrn ulmr pmbzns ouy sj`mimtnens. Umblbl ul vîstndj ijl uln rjsin y uln tubrin iunernen j gbxndjln`. Ijoj n` nprbtnr b` ku`ùl sb pubebl gulemr bl `n onebrn `j omsoj `n inkbzn qub `n tubrin, gny qub ij`jinr bl nokjs bxtrbojs uln nrnleb`n.
;.; Kmsndrns Sjebojs ebljomlnr kmsndrn n ejs pbqubþns p`nligns eb obtn`, nrtmiu`nens pjr ul bab j pnsnejr pnrn fnim`mtnr b` ojvmombltj eb `ns pmbzns dmrntjrmns. N `ns p`nligns eb obtn` `ns ebljomlnrbojs n`ns j pn`btùl y pubebl sbr sblim``ns j ejk`bs8 b` bab pubeb sbr fmaj j ojvmk`b y `j ``nonrbojs luej. Yub`bl bstnr gbigns eb gmbrrj y `ntùl. @ns kmsndrns `ntjlnens sbrïnl `ns fnkrminens bl gmbrrj y knþnens bl `ntùl. Bs prbfbrmk`b b` usj eb kmsndrns eb in`mene (`ntùl), nulqub sbnl inrns, qub b` usj eb kmsndrns knrntns, pubs bstns sub`bl tblbr rbknajs pjij prjfulejs pnrn `js tjrlm``js, gjans blebk`bs, y ijl b` tmbopj (obemj p`nzj) pubebl enr prjk`bons. @ns kmsndrns, neboîs eb gmbrrj y eb `ntùl, pubebl sbr fulemens, fjranens, btiítbrn. Yu nligurn sb omeb pjr `ns n`ns nkmbrtns y `n n`turn bs ouy vnrmnk`b. Gny drnl vnrmbene eb kmsndrns bl b` obrinej, `n onyjrïn nkntmk`bs.
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Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M @`nonojs kmsndrns nkntmk`bs n `ns qub ijlsmdubl qub `n pubrtn dmrb sjkrb ul bab. Bstb bab vn ojltnej bl uljs sjpjrtbs qub sjl `js qub suabtnl `n pubrtn n `n nroneurn pjr obemj eb tjrlm``js. Bstn pnrtb eb `n kmsndrn `n ebljomlnojs gjan, n`ns j pn`btùl. ] b` smtmj pjr ejleb pnsn b` bab `j ``nonrbojs luej. B` luej bs b` qub gnib `n nrtmiu`nimùl lbibsnrmn. Bltrb jtrns kmsndrns, pjebojs blijltrnr `ns smdumbltbs1 n) Kms Kmsndr ndrnn p`nln p`nln j eb `mkr `mkrm`` m``j1 j1 @n oîs trnemimjln` bl bknlmstbrïn, bstî gbign eb `ntùl rbsmstbltb. @ns ignpns vnl nrrj``nens y prblsnens n`rbebejr eb` bab ibltrn` j bspmdn. Vn`bl pnrn `ns ejs ej s onljs, bs ebimr, tnltj pnrn pubrtns eb `n ebrbign ijoj pnrn pubrtns eb `n mzqumbren. Unokmíl sb pubebl usnr tnltj ijoj pnrn pubrtns bokutmens ijoj pnrn `ns qub sb supbrpjlbl bl b` oubk`b. @ns kmsndrns p`nlns sb rbontnl ijl inkbzns rbejlens (j nejrljs rbejlejs) bl sus bspmdns, `j qub npjrtn uln kubln prbsbltnimùl eb `js trnknajs. Snrn ij`jinr kmsndrns sml bokutmr, sb aultnl `ns ejs pmbzns sbþn`nlej j onrinlej b` smtmj ejleb sb vnl n ij`jinr. @n kmsndrn sb ij`jin eb fjron qub b` ibltrj eb` bab ibltrn` ijmlimen ijl b` ibltrj eb `ns n`ns, ntjrlm``îlejsb ijl tmrnfjlejs. Snrn bokutmr `n onebrn sb qumtnrïn `n onebrn ijrrbspjlembltb bl `jldmtue y drjsjr n `n qub tuvmbrnl `ns emoblsmjlbs eb `ns n`ns. Yb bokutb iunlej b` ojltnltb eb` knstmejr quben bl b` omsoj p`nlj qub b` ojltnltb fmaj. Bokutmr suabtn `n kmsndrn, pubs sb ijlsmdub qub lmldulj eb `js pn`btjlbs puben dmrnr sjkrb su ibltrj, bvmtnlej nsï inkbibjs. Bstns kmsndrns sb bliubltrnl ijl obemens qub vnl ebseb ;2 gnstn >33 om`ïobtrjs, ebpblemblej eb` `udnr ejleb `ns vnynojs n ij`jinr. @ns eb 42 y >33 om`ïobtrjs sb utm`mznl pnrn pubrtns eb nronrmj y b` rbstj, pnrn pubrtns eb pjij pbsj y pubrtns pbqubþns. (Vbr nlbxj. Emkuajs kmsndrns p`nlns. Fmln` eb` tbon). k) Kms Kmsndr ndrns ns eb qumt qumtnn y pjl1 pjl1 Bstjs pbrlmjs j kmsndrns sb usnl iunlej bs lbibsnrmj qumtnr ulj eb `js b`bobltjs eb vbz bl iunlej. Sjr babop`j, ul bspbaj `ntbrn` eb uln iùojen. @ns eb oîs in`mene sb fnkrminl bl `ntùl onimzj. i) Kms Kmsnd ndrn rnss eb eb pmn pmnlj lj11 Ymom`nr n `n kmsndrn p`nln, ijopubstn pjr ejs pn`btjlbs y b` luej, ijl `n emfbrblimn eb qub bstn kmsndrn `n ijrtnojs sbdñl `n obemen qub lbibsmtbojs. Yb pjlb n `j `nrdj eb `n pubrtn qub sb qumbrn mlstn`nr. Bs uln kmsndrn ouy sbdurn, pubs tmblb uln inltmene ijlsmebrnk`b eb tn`nerjs pnrn pjlbr tjrlm``js. Yb bop`bn fulenobltn`obltb pnrn pubrtns eb tnk`brjs eb nd`jobrnejs j ijltrnpbignejs. Gny qub tblbr bl iubltn qub b` nd`jobrnej, n` fml y n` inkj, bs vmrutn prblsnen, y `js tjrlm``js ndnrrnrîl pbjr qub bl `n onebrn onimzn, pjr tnltj, n` pjlbr ouigjs tjrlm``js sup`mojs b` pjij bldnligb eb b``js. @n prbsbltnimùl eb bstns kmsndrns sub`b sbr bl rj``js eb 2 obtrjs, nulqub tnokmíl sb bliubltrnl obemens oîs pbqubþns. Sjr tnltj, lj pjerîl sbr eb obtn` (`ntùl) pjrqub lj sb pubeb ejk`nr. e jk`nr. Yb pubeb ij`jinr tnltj bokutmen ijoj sjkrb `n supbrfmimb. N `n gjrn eb ij`jinr `js tjrlm``js - bs ouy mopjrtnltb qub `n inkbzn eb bstjs lj sjkrbsn`dn eb` p`nlj eb` pn`btùl, pubstj qub lj ibrrnrïn kmbl. Ouy bijlùomin. B` drnl prjk`bon qub tmblbl bs qub sb jxmenl rîpmej, enej qub b` knþj eb `ntùl bs oïlmoj. e) Kms Kmsndr ndrns ns ijl ijl inzj` inzj`btn btn11 Bs `n qub sb usn bl `ns pubrtns sj`npnens eb `js oubk`bs eb ijimln ’nulqub lj qumbrb ebimr qub ístb sbn su usj bxi`usmvj-, pbromtmblej n`mlbnr ijl bxnitmtue uln fm`n eb pubrtns sml qub ij`msmjlbl n tjpb ijl `ns ijltmduns.
ibp bemtjrmn` }
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Nltjlmj @ums Ynonlmbdj Ynstrb @n kmsndrn bstî ijopubstn eb ejs pnrtbs1 uln pnrtb qub vn ntjrlm``nen n` ijstnej eb` oubk`b (sb ebljomln iuþn) y sbrî bl `n qub pjstbrmjrobltb sb suabtnrî `n kmsndrn. Ístn vn suabtn pubs n `n pubrtn eb` oubk`b, mlirustîlejsb bl b``n eb fjron im`ïlermin (bstn pnrtb bs `n qub sb ebljomln inzj`btn), pjr obemj eb ul insij imriu`nr. N `n inzj`btn gny qub nþnemr`b b` krnzj, qub bs ul rbsjrtb eb nibrj, qub gnib `ns fulimjlbs eb nkrmr y ibrrnr, suabtîlejsb n `n iuþn pjr obemj eb tjrlm``j. B` prjk`bon fulenobltn` qub prbsbltn bstb tmpj eb kmsndrns vmblb enej pjr `n suabimùl n trnvís eb tjrlm``js n `js tnk`brjs eb nd`jobrnejs. Ijl b` tmbopj, `js tjrlm``js qub suabtnl `n iuþn gnibl b` nduabrj oîs drnleb y pjr tnltj sb vnl sj`tnlej. @n inzj`btn j insij imriu`nr bopmbzn n ojvbrsb y `n pubrtn sb ebsiub`dn. Snrn sj`uimjlnr`j, prjknr n obtbr ul tjrlm``j ijl onyjr emîobtrj qub b` nltbrmjr j enr ijlsmstblimn n `js nduabrjs mltrjeuimblej pn`m``js moprbdlnejs eb ij`n. @n kmsndrn ijl inzj`btn sb prbsbltn eb trbs fjrons emstmltns1 supbrpubstns sjkrb b` oubk`b oubk`b y lj eban vbr `js inltjs eb - Kmsndrn rbitn1 @ns pubrtns qubenl supbrpubstns `js ijstnejs eb` oubk`b. Bstnrïnojs nltb `ns pubrtns sj`npnens, bxp`minens nltbrmjrobltb. pbrj lj tnpn tjtn`obltb b` inltj eb` - Kmsndrn eb ijej j nijenens1 @n pubrtn bstî supbrpubstn, pbrj oubk`b. nijenen1 Ij`jin `n pubrtn bl b` mltbrmjr eb` gubij b` oubk`b. - Kmsndrn eb sñpbr ijej j sñpbr nijenen1 Bxmstbl vnrmns obemens eb inzj`btns (;6, 93 y 92 om`ïobtrjs, `ns oîs gnkmtun`bs sjl `ns eb 92. @ns eb ;6 sub`bl sbr eb p`îstmij). Bl b` insj eb qubrbr ndrnlenr b` tn`nerj im`ïlermij, bs prbfbrmk`b usnr fjroùl y onrtm``j, enej qub `ns krjins qub gnibl bstjs inabnejs tmblbl uln pultn duïn y n` lj tblbr onebrn pnrn pmlignr rbsu`tnrïn mopjsmk`b gnibr b` tn`nerj. b) Kms Kmsndr ndrnn eb tbst tbstnn j eb ijo ijopîs pîs11 J pmvjtb, bs uln ignpn obtî`min ijl bspmdùl qub, nitunlej n ojej eb bab, sb ijrrbspjleb n jtrn ignpmtn eb mdun` emoblsmùl ijl ul nduabrj qub ijmlimeb ijl b` bspmdùl eb` nltbrmjr. Sbronlbib jiu`tn, inabnen bl `n onebrn. Bs eb `ntùl. Snrn ebtbromlnr b` `udnr bxnitj eb ij`jinimùl eb `n kmsndrn sb emkuan bl p`nltn `n pubrtn, bstnlej nkmbrtn y ibrrnen. @js `nejs eb` iunernltb rbsu`tnltb ijmlimemrîl ijl b` drjsjr eb `n pubrtn. @js nrijs qub sb trnibl ebseb `n mltbrsbiimùl eb `ns emndjln`bs ljs enrîl b` kjreùl qub gny qub gnibr bl b` nduabrj eb `n pubrtn y b` inln` qub gny qub nkrmr bl b` nronzùl pnrn b` ojvmombltj eb `n pubrtn. f) Kms Kmsndr ndrnn im` im`ïle ïlermin rmin bop bopjtr jtrnen nen11 Fjronen pjr ejs tnokjrbs eb >2 om`ïobtrjs eb emîobtrj, nprjxmonenobltb, sb mlirustn bl `js inltjs eb `ns pubrtns eb onlbrn qub qubenl jiu`tns iunlej `n pubrtn bstî ibrrnen. Sbromtb nkrmr `n pubrtn >73 drnejs. B` bfbitj eb bstn kmsndrn sb ``non imbrrb eb `mkrj. @js tnokjrbs bstîl ulmejs bltrb sï pjr ignpns bltrbiruznens y nrtmiu`nens pjr obemj eb ul bab, tnltj bl b` ibltrn` eb `ns `îomlns ijoj bl inen ulj eb `js tnokjrbs. Bs b` smstbon qub sb bop`bn bl `js imbrrbs eb `ns tnpns eb `ns obsns y bl `n fnkrminimùl eb pubrtns p`bdnk`bs. d) Km Kmsn sndr drnn eb rn rnon on`1`1 Kmsndrn trnemimjln` eb `ntùl onimzj iuyn inrnitbrïstmin fulenobltn` bs qub sus gjans sjl nligns y sb mlirustnl bl `n onebrn. Yb usn pnrn fmanr `js trnopjlbs eb `js bsirmtjrmjs. g) Kms Kmsndr ndrnn eb tnk` tnk`nn y inltj inltj11 Vnrmnltb eb `n kmsndrn eb rnon`, iuyj usj bs ojltnr n`ns eb obsn. @n gjan oîs `nrdn sb ntjrlm``n n` n`n eb `n obsn, iuyj inltj ijlvbxj sb blinstrn j sb bokutb bl b` inltj iùlinvj eb `n tnk`n prmlimpn`. 55;
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Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M m) Djzlbs1 Yjl dblbrn`obltb fjranejs y sb bop`bnl pnrn pubrtns onimzns. Rl pbrlj, tbromlnej bl pultn, vn bopjtrnej bl `n pnrbe y sb mltrjeuib n dj`pbs eb onrtm``j. B` jtrj pbrlj, ulmej n` nltbrmjr pjr ul im`mlerj, vn i`nvnej n `n pubrtn, bs ebimr, ``bvnl ulns n`ns qub sb mltrjeuibl bl sblejs n`janombltjs, prbvmnobltb bsijp`bnejs, bl b` inltj eb uln pubrtn eb pnsj j eb uln pubrtn eb ul oubk`b y bl b` onrij rbspbitmvj. Bstns n`ns sb fmanl n `ns bsijp`bneurns ijl tjrlm``js. Ijobrimn`obltb `js blijltrnojs ijoj kmsndrn pnrn nronrmj, ijl inkbzn j sml inkbzn eb nejrlj y eb onlj ebrbign j eb onlj mzqumbren. @ns pubrtns ij`jinens ijl bstns kmsndrns sjl ebsij`dnk`bs. Gjy eïn bstî bl ebsusj prîitminobltb y bs ouy emfïim` blijltrnr bl b` obrinej ul oubk`b j pubrtn ijl bstb tmpj eb gbrrnabs. a) Kmsndrn nkntmk`b1 Yb utm`mznl bl oubk`bs eb bknlmstbrïn fmln pnrn irbnr pubrtns sj`npnens, puemílejsb nkrmr `n pubrtn bl ul îldu`j eb >73 drnejs. Ouigj oîs b`bdnltbs qub `ns kmsndrns eb inzj`btns. Snrn `n ij`jinimùl eb tjej tmpj eb kmsndrns bs mopjrtnltb tblbr bl iubltn qub `ns kmsndrns qub vnl ij`jinens bl `js inltjs vnl smboprb bokutmens bl í`, ombltrns qub `ns kmsndrns qub vnl ij`jinens bl `ns inrns pubebl mr bokutmens j lj.
;.9 Ibrrneurns @ns ibrrneurns nsbdurnl b` imbrrb eb pubrtns y inajlbs, bvmtnlej qub sb dmrb y sb nkrn. Yu b`bobltj prmlimpn` bs b` pbstm``j, qub ijl ul ojvmombltj rbitm`ïlbj sb mltrjeuib bl `n nrob``n qub vn nsbdurnen n ul ojltnltb fmaj. @ns ibrrneurns sb fnkrminl pnrn onlj ebrbign y pnrn onlj mzqumbren, nulqub n`duljs ojeb`js tmblbl b` inlutm``j rbvbrsmk`b puemílejsb prbpnrnr y utm`mznr pnrn nokjs onljs. @n ijtn eb bspmdn j `n obemen eb uln ibrrneurn bs `n emstnlimn bl om`ïobtrjs qub gny ebseb b` inltj ejleb sn`b b` pbstm``j gnstn b` ibltrj eb `n nduan. Emigj eb jtrn fjron, emstnlimn qub obemn bltrb `n tbstbrn eb `n ibrrneurn y b` ibltrj eb `n bspmdn (jaj eb `n ibrrneurn). Sjebojs emstmldumr `js smdumbltbs tmpjs eb ibrrneurn1
N. Im Imbr brrb rbss eb eb rbsk rbskn` n`ùl ùl Subebl sb eb kj`n j eb im`mlerj. Yb ntjrlm``nl n `n inrn mltbrln eb `n pubrtn y `n kj`n j im`mlerj bltrn bl ul tjpb fmaj n` iubrpj j inltj frjltn` eb` nronrmj. Yb usn pnrn imbrrbs eb nronrmjs qub imbrrbl sjkrb sus inltjs.
K. Im Imbbrr rrbs bs eb moî oîl l Ijlstnl eb ul moîl eb rbtblimùl y eb uln p`nin eb fmanimùl. Yu ij`jinimùl pubeb sbr bokutmen j ntjrlm``nen n` oubk`b8 b` moîl sb ij`jinrî bl b` oubk`b y `n p`nin eb fmanimùl sb ij`jin bl `n inrn mltbrln eb `n pubrtn. Ebltrj eb `js imbrrbs eb moîl, pjebojs imtnr b` imbrrb eb vnmvíl. Yb trntn eb ul imbrrb ondlítmij ijl b` qub lj sb lbibsmtn ij`jinr ul tmrnejr n `n pubrtn. Srbsmjlnlej `n pubrtn sb nitmvn ul obinlmsoj eb oub``b qub `n nkrb. I. Ibr Ibrrne rneurn urnss bltnkmi bltnkminen nenss j bltn``ne bltn``nens ns Yb ntjrlm``nl n `n pnrtb pjstbrmjr eb `n pubrtn. Iunlej `n pubrtn ijlstn eb uln sj`n gjan bltrn b` pbstm``j bl ibrrnebrj fmaj smtunej bl b` ibrij. Sjr su pnrtb, bl `ns pubrtns qub sb ijopjlbl eb ejs gjans, b` pbstm``j bltrnrî bl ul ibrrnebrj smtunej bl `n sbdulen gjan. @ns pubrtns, bl `n zjln bl `n qub sb vn n ukminr b` ibrrnebrj, ebkbl sbr rbfjrznens. Nsï, bl b` insj eb qub bstbojs nltb uln pubrtn gubin tblerbojs qub obtbr`b ul onimzj eb onebrn bl `n zjln eb` ibrrnebrj.
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Nltjlmj @ums Ynonlmbdj Ynstrb E. Ibr Ibrrne rneurn urnss blt bltn`` n``nen nenss Yb fmanl bl `n pnrtb pjstbrmjr eb `n pubrtn eb onlbrn qub qubebl blrnsnens. B` pbstm``j bltrnrî bl b` ibrrnebrj, qub bl `ns pubrtns eb uln sj`n gjan bltrnrî bl b` ibrij j bl b` `ntbrn` eb` iubrpj y bl `ns eb ejs gjans bltrnrî bl b` inltj eb `n sbdulen gjan. Ijoj b` pnsnejr sn`b bl ul sbltmej `n ibrrneurn tblerî onlj, bs ebimr, pjerî sbr eb ebrbigns j eb mzqumbrens. B. Ib Ibrrn rrneu eurn rnss bo boku kutm tmen enss Vnl blinanens ebltrj eb` inltj eb `n pubrtn eb onlbrn qub sù`j sjl vmsmk`bs ebseb b` frbltb pjr ejleb sn`b b` pbstm``j.
F. Ib Ibrr rrne neur urns ns eb eb irbo irbojl jlnn Imbrrnl `ns pubrtns pjr sus inltjs mlfbrmjr y supbrmjr. Yb trntn eb ulns vnrm``ns qub bltrnl bl `js ibrrnebrjs smtunejs bl b` tbigj y bl b` sub`j. @n inan eb `n ibrrneurn pubeb mr sjkrbpubstn j bltn``nen n pnþj y `ns vnrm``ns pubebl mr iukmbrtns pjr `mstjlbs. Snrn pubrtns n`tns, bxmstbl ibrrneurns eb irbojln ijl trbs pbstm``js, eb fjron qub `n pubrtn qubeb tnokmíl ibrrnen pjr b` obemj.
D. Ibr Ibrrne rneurn urnss eb eb fn`` fn``bkn bknss Snrbimens n `ns nltbrmjrbs pjr su imbrrb. Yb trntn eb vnrm``ns dmrntjrmns qub tbromlnl bl ijem``js j dnligjs qub sb suabtnl bl uljs pbrljs j bspmdns eb imbrrb, nsbdurnlej `ns gjans bltrb sï y ijl b` onrij. B` ojvmombltj eb rjtnimùl sb gnib pjr obemj eb uln onlman j pjoj smtunej n uln n`turn iùojen pnrn b` usj. N ijltmlunimùl, ljs ebtblerbojs bl `n ij`jinimùl eb `ns fn``bkns1 @ns fn``bkns pubebl mr sjkrbpubstns j bokutmens, bl bstb insj gnkrî qub gnibr uln obemninþn bl b` `nrdubrj y suabtnr`ns obemnltb ulns ignpns ``nonens publtbs. @n fn``bkn vn prjvmstn eb uln onlbim``n qub `n gnib dmrnr y sb mltrjeuib bl uln pmbzn ebljomlnen lnrmz eb `n fn``bkn. @js bxtrbojs eb `n fn``bkn sb blinanl bl b` onrij, kmbl bl ulns bsijp`bneurns j kmbl ijl ejs ignpns eb gmbrrj fmans bl b` onrij. @n fn``bkn sb sjstmblb pjr ulj eb `js publtbs bl b` qub sb npjyn `n onlman. Eb `n rbitn ij`jinimùl eb bstb publtb ebpbleb b` fulimjlnombltj eb `n fn``bkn. Bxmstbl fn``bkns bokutmens pjr b` inltj, bl `ns qub sù`j npnrbib n` bxtbrmjr `n bopuþneurn. @ns fn``bkns pubebl sbr eb ebrbign j eb mzqumbren y pnrn sus obemens sb tmblbl bl iubltn ejs `nrdjs1 uln obemen tjtn` eb ijem``j n ijem``j y jtrn, eb ijem``j mlfbrmjr n` ibltrj eb `n onlman.
G. Ibr Ibrrja rjajs js eb ijr ijrrbe rbebrn brn Yb bop`bnl bl pubrtns eb ejs gjans pnrn suabtnr `n gjan mzqumbren. Bstjs pubebl sbr rbitjs j nijenejs. Bstjs ñ`tmojs sb bop`bnl bl `ns pubrtns bl vj`nemzj. Bl b` insj eb qub sb mlstn`bl ibrrneurns eb irbojln, sb pubebl suprmomr bstjs ibrrjajs eb ijrrbebrn.
M. Ib Ibrr rrjjaj ajss eb in inaaùl Yb trntnrïn eb `n ibrrneurn trnemimjln` eb `js inajlbs y eb `js nronrmjs. Iunlej `n pubrtn j inaùl vnl sj`npnejs `n ibrrneurn sb ntjrlm``n emrbitnobltb n su supbrfmimb mltbrmjr. Ym fubrnl blinanejs, `n ibrrneurn sb pubeb bokutmr eb fjron qub qubeb n lmvb` eb `n onebrn. @ns ibrrneurns eb `js inajlbs sb ojltnl ijl ejs jajs emspubstjs bl îldu`j rbitj, pnrn qub pubenl ojltnrsb bl gjrmzjltn` j bl vbrtmin`.
A. Ibrrneurn eb trnopùl j eb `bldðbtn rbitn Yb bop`bnl pnrn `js trnopjlbs eb `js bsirmtjrmjs. ^uben `n ibrrneurn tjtn`obltb lmvb`nen ijl `n supbrfmimb mltbrmjr eb` trnopùl. N` nprbtnr y dmrnr `n ``nvb, qub sù`j sb pubeb qumtnr iunlej b` trnopùl bstî ibrrnej, sb niimjln ul pnsnejr eb oub``b. 555
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Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M H. Ibr Ibrrne rneurn urn pnrn pnrn pubr pubrtn tn ijrrb ijrrbebr ebrnn Yb trntn eb uln ibrrneurn im`ïlermin bspbimn`. Yb ij`jin bl `n pubrtn bxtbrmjr y sb niimjln pjr obemj eb ul kjtùl qub blvïn uln i`nvman n` mltbrmjr eb ul insqum``j bokutmej bl `n pubrtn mltbrmjr. Rln vub`tn eb ``nvb gnib sn`mr eb lubvj `n i`nvman. @. Dj`pbtb Bstb imbrrb sb ijopjlb eb uln kj`n eb nibrj qub sb niimjln pjr ul oub``b y qub vn n`janen bl uln inan im`ïlermin eb `ntùl qub sb mltrjeuib bl b` inltj eb `n pubrtn eb` nronrmj. Iunlej `n pubrtn imbrrn, `n kj`n sb blinan bl b` gubij eb uln ignpn obtî`min qub vn ntjrlm``nen n` oubk`b.
O. Ibr Ibrrne rneurn urn eb eb dj`pb dj`pb y ``n ``nvb vb sml sml onluk onlukrmj rmj j ijl onlu onlukrm krmjj Yb usnl pnrn pubrtns eb pmsjs, `jin`bs j ebspnigjs ejleb lj sb rbqumbrn ibrrnr inen vbz ijl ``nvb. B` pbstm``j vn niimjlnej ijl ejs vub`tns pjr ``nvbs eb sbdurmene. Snrn imbrrbs ebfmlmtmvjs sb gnib ijrrbr tnokmíl b` pbstm``j. Yb ij`jinl pjr `n inrn, bl `n pnrtb pnrtb mltbrmjr eb `n pubrtn. Iunlej bstns ibrrneurns ``bvnl onlukrmj, `n pnrtmiu`nrmene bs qub obemnltb bstb onlukrmj b` pbstm``j sb pubeb niimjlnr pjr ebltrj y pjr fubrn.
L.
Ibrr Ib rrne neur urnn ij ijl l `` ``nv nvbb on onbs bstr trnn
Ijl bstn i`nsb eb ibrrneurns, bs pjsmk`b emvmemr ul lñobrj ebtbromlnej eb ibrrneurns, eb emstmltns ijokmlnimjlbs bltrb sm, bl vnrmjs drupjs ijl ``nvb onbstrn, tnokmíl emstmltn bl inen drupj y ijl uln ``nvb onbstrn eb pnsj dblbrn` pnrn tjen `n mlstn`nimùl. Bstb smstbon eb imbrrbs bs nprjpmnej pnrn gjtb`bs, rbsmeblimns j ij`bdmjs.
;.5 Gbrrnabs pnrn pubrtns Yjl `n pnrtb obiîlmin eb `ns pubrtns qub `ns gnib prnitmink`bs. Yjl obtî`mijs, kmbl eb `ntùl j eb gmbrrj. Vnojs n emstmldumr `js pbrlmjs, kmsndrns, ibrrneurns, aubdj eb pbstm``j.
N. Sbrlmjs Smbzns ijopubstns pjr ul onigj, ul ku`ùl j vnrm``n qub ulmej n ul pn`btùl sb suabtn n` ibrij pjr obemj eb tjrlm``js y n uln gbokrn suabtn n jtrj pn`btùl qub, n su vbz, sb suabtn n `n gjan eb `n omson onebrn. N` blinanr `n gbokrn bl b` onigj, ijlsbdumrbojs b` dmrj eb `n pubrtn. Yb ij`jinl trbs j iuntrj pbrlmjs bl inen pubrtn, ulj smboprb ij`jinej bl `n zjln supbrmjr qub bs ejleb oîs tmrj tmblb `n pubrtn (tmrj1 fubrzn qub gnib `n pubrtn ebseb su pnrtb supbrmjr j inkbzn). Bxmstbl emvbrsjs ojeb`js eb pbrlmjs. @js oîs usun`bs sbrïnl `js smdumbltbs1 n) Sb Sbrl rlmj mj ij ijoñ oñl1 l1 Yb ojltnl bl `ns pubrtns eb pnsj ljron`bs, nulqub ístns sbnl onimzns. Ijlstrumens bl gmbrrj `ntjlnej j `ntùl onimzj. k) Sbrlmj Sbrlmjss eb onyjrbs emoblsmjlbs emoblsmjlbs y, pjr tnltj, tnltj, prbpnrnejs prbpnrnejs pnrn sjpjrtnr sjpjrtnr oîs pbsj1 pbsj1 Yb bop`bnl pnrn pubrtns eb onebrn onimzn eb drnlebs emoblsmjlbs. i) Sbr Sbrlmj lmjss eb pubr pubrtns tns k`m k`mlen lenens ens11 Ijopubstns pjr ejs pn`btjlbs eb` `nrdj eb `n pubrtn.
K.
Kmsndrns
@ns kmsndrns j djzlbs pnrn pubrtns sjl dblbrn`obltb eb nibrj, nulqub tnokmíl `js gny eb `ntùl, obtn` `mdbrj y p`îstmijs. Ijlstnl eb ejs n`ns j pn`ns bl`nznens bltrb sï pjr ul gusm``j eb gmbrrj j eb jtrj obtn`. Inen n`n tblerî uljs tn`nerjs qub pbromtmrîl su fmanimùl pjstbrmjr.
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Nltjlmj @ums Ynonlmbdj Ynstrb Vnojs n emstmldumr `js smdumbltbs tmpjs1 n) Sjr su fjro fjronn eb ij` ij`jin jinimù imùl1 l1 - @n @nss kms kmsnd ndrn rnss bo boku kutm tmen ens1 s1 Yb bop`bnl pnrn pubrtns ijl rbknaj, puemblej sbr eb pnsnejr fmaj j ebsojltnk`b. @ns kmsndrns bokutmens pnrn `ns pubrtns eb gnkmtnimjlbs sjl eb >53 y >63 oo eb `jldmtue, puemblej sbr eb onlj ebrbign y onlj mzqumbren. - @ns kmsndrns j djzlbs eb bspmdns eb pblbtrnimùl1 Unokmíl sb bop`bnl eb onlbrn prbfbrbltb bl `ns pubrtns ijl rbknaj, puemblej sbr `ns bspmdns rjsinens j `msns. Unokmíl pubebl sbr eb onlj mzqumbren y onlj ebrbign. - @ns kmsn kmsndrns drns ntjrlm ntjrlm``nen ``nenss pubebl pubebl sbr eb n`ns n`ns rbitn rbitnss j nijene nijenens1 ns1 @ns prmobrns sb bop`bnl pnrn pubrtns eb inltjs rbitjs j rjojs, `ns nijenens pnrn pnrn pubrtns ijl rbknaj. - Km Kmssnd ndrn rnss bsp bspbi bimn mn`b `bss1 Yb usnl pnrn pubrtns qub imbrrnl sml rbknaj, tmblbl ul pultj eb dmrj iukmbrtj, qub quben fubrn eb `n kmsndrn. N ojej eb babop`j, imtnojs `ns ibrrneurns eb pubrtns bl b` sub`j y eb pblbtrnimùl frjltn`. - Kmsndrn blr blrnsnen1 Yb mltrjeuib `n kmsndrn bl ul rbknab rbn`mznej bl b` inltj, y `n inrn eb` n`n quben blrnsnen bl `n supbrfmimb eb` inltj. k) Sjr b` tmp tmpjj eb gus gusm`` m``j1 j1 - Eb gu gussm` m``j `j rb rboj ojvm vmkk`b `b11 B` pnsnejr bs rbojvmk`b. Yu prmlimpn` vbltnan bs qub `n gjan pjerî sbr sninen sml ebsij`dnrsb, `bvnltnlej b` gusm``j y sml qub `js tjrlm``js tbldnl qub qumtnrsb. - Km Kmsn sndr drnn eb gu gusm sm`` ``jj fm fmaj aj11 Bl bstb insj, `n pubrtn sù`j sb ebsij`dnrî ebsntjrlm``nlej `ns pn`ns j n`ns pjr lj pjebrsb bxtrnbr b` pnsnejr eb `n pubrtn. Yjl ouy gnkmtun`bs bl pubrtns ouy pbsnens. - Km Kmssnd ndrn rn eb `m `mkr krm` m``j `j11 Nqub``n bl `n qub b` pnsnejr sb sustmtuyb pjr uln sbrmb eb `îomlns supbrpubstns. Bs ouy gnkmtun` bl oubk`bs eb bknlmstbrïn, pubs n` qubenr jiu`tn eban eba n uln aultn ijop`btnobltb `mopmn. i) Sj Sjrr `n `n fjr fjron on eb dm dmrj rj11 - Km Kmsn sndr drnn eb pn pnr` r`no nobl bltj tj11 Yù`j pbromtb ul dmrj eb `n pubrtn eb >73 drnejs qubenlej pbdnen ijltrn b` ourj j pnrbe. - Kmsndrn oub``b1 Sbromtb ul dmrj eb =3 drnejs. e) Sjr `n fjron eb `ns pn`n pn`nss j n`ns1 n`ns1 - Km Kmsn sndr drnn im im`ï `ïle lerm rmin in bo bopj pjtr trne nen1 n1 @ns pn`ns sb trnlsfjronl bl ul im`mlerj rjsinej. Subebl nkrmrsb gnstn >73 drnejs. - Km Kmsn sndr drnn sml sml rb rbkn knab ab j n tj tjpb pb11 556
ibp bemtjrmn` }
Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M Rln eb `ns pn`ns blinan bl ul gubij eb `n jtrn. Subebl sbr p`nlns j bl bsiunern y sù`j sb utm`mznl bl pubrtns `mdbrns. - Km Kmsn sndr drns ns eb on onrm rmpj pjssn1 Yus pn`ns tmblbl fjron `jku`nens y sb usnl sù`j `ns inrns eb gjans y ibrijs.
I. Ib Ibrr rrne neur urnns Ebanl fmans `ns pubrtns ijl b` fml eb qub qubebl ibrrnens j kmbl pbromtnl b` pnsj pjr b``ns. Bxmstbl ejs tmpjs eb ibrrneurns ljron`mznens (tmblbl obemens prbebtbromlnens). n) Ib Ibrrn rrneu eurn rn eb pbt pbtni nin1 n1 Ij`jinen bl uln inan qub sb gnib bl b` inltj eb `n pubrtn. Yb niimjln obemnltb uln onlmvb`n qub sb ijoulmin ijl `n onlmvb`n eb `n jtrn inrn eb `n pubrtn, pjr obemj eb ul gusm``j bl fjron eb iunernej qub n` trnspnsnr `n pbtnin y dmrnr oubvb b` rbskn`ùl qub bltrn bl b` ibrrnebrj eb` ibrij. Gjy eïn b` gusm``j bl fjron eb iunernej bs prîitminobltb sustmtumej pjr ul im`mlerj eb imbrrb qub sb ntjrlm``n n `n ibrrneurn. k) Ibr Ibrrne rneurn urnss bl tnk tnk`n1 `n1 Ibrrneurns qub sb ij`jinl bl b` p`nlj eb `n inrn eb `n gjan eb `n pubrtn sml inabnr. i) Sjojs1 Yb trntn eb ul rbskn`ùl im`ïlermij eb ;5 om`ïobtrjs eb emîobtrj. e) Sn Snsn snej ejrb rbs1 s1 Yb ij`jinl bl `ns gjans eb pubrtns ejk`bs qub sub`bl bstnr ibrrnens. Ybrïnl ijoj ibrrjajs smtunejs ulj bl `n pnrtb supbrmjr, y qub tmblb su nli`nab bl b` ibrij, y b` jtrj smtunej bl `n pnrtb mlfbrmjr y iuyj nli`nab bstnrïn bl b` uokrn` j sub`j. Snrn uln pubrtn qub imbrrb n `n ebrbign gnrî fn`tn uln ibrrneurn ebrbign y pnrn qub imbrrb n `n mzqumbren, uln ibrrneurn mzqumbren. Gjy eïn pjebojs blijltrnr bl b` obrinej ibrrneurns bokutmens bl `ns qub sb pubeb mlvbrtmr `n pjsmimùl eb` pbstm``j eb ojej qub smrvnl pnrn nokjs `nejs. Sjebojs Sjebojs emstmldumr tnokmíl bltrb ibrrneurns pnrn pubrtns ijl rbknaj j sml í`. @ns ibrrneurns pnrn pubrtns qub naustnl sml rbkn aj qubenl ijl `n tbstbrn ibltrnen bl b` kjreb8 bl `ns pubrtns ijl rbknaj `n tbstbrn quben q uben n ul `nej blrnsnen ijl `n inan.
;.2 Gbrrnabs eb vbltnlns N. Gb Gbrrn rrnab abss eb eb imb imbrr rrbb n) Bs Bspn pnþj þj`b `btn tn11 B` prmobr gbrrnab bl `jdrnr `n bstnlqubmene eb `n vbltnln fub `n bspnþj`btn, qub nitñn obemnltb prbsmùl ijltrn b` ibrij bl b` ibltrj eb `n gjan y bl `js bxtrbojs eb` omsoj. B` ibrrjaj sb niimjln ijl uln pn`nlin qub dmrn bl ejs p`nljs1 vbrtmin` pnrn blinanr bl `n nrob``n y gjrmzjltn` pnrn dmrnr `js dnrfmjs. k) Ir Irbo bojl jln1 n1 @n irbojln ebrmvn eb `n bspnþj`btn emstmldumílejsb pjr sus ibrrjajs p`nljs bl `udnr eb im`ïlermijs y pjrqub sb niimjlnl ijl onlm``ns ijl bab eb dmrj gjrmzjltn`. Bs oîs prbimsn qub `n nltbrmjr y rbqumbrb obljs bopuab, yn qub sus pbrfm`bs sb emoblsmjlnl ijl oîs prbimsmùl. Subebl sbr sjkrbpubstjs n `n gjan j bokutmejs bl b` inltj. @ns irbojlns nitun`bs ijlstnl eb ojltnltb, vnrm``ns eb bopuab, b`bobltj eb imbrrb y onldj. @js ojltnltbs tmblbl uljs >6 oo eb nligj y ; oo eb drubsj y sjl tnl n`tjs ijoj `n gjan ejleb sb ij`jinl, mlijrpjrnlej p`nins eb rbfubrzj qub ntblñnl `js bsfubrzjs ijlstnltbs qub sb prjeuibl bl `ns mlobemnimjlbs eb `n rnlurn. B` ontbrmn` ibp bemtjrmn` }
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Nltjlmj @ums Ynonlmbdj Ynstrb oîs bop`bnej bl su su b`nkjrnimùl bs b` nibrj, nibrj, ijl ninknejs bl imlinej, irjonej j `ntjlnej. Sjstbrmjrobltb, `n irbojln fub sustmtumen pjr `n fn``bkn, pubs ístn tblïn onyjr prbimsmùl. i) Fn``bkn1 @n fn``bkn pubs, lj sbrïn oîs qub uln irbojln bvj`uimjlnen qub mli`umrïn ul pultj eb ulmùl pnrn ibltrnr nokns gjans, nsbdurnlej b` niimjlnej eb `n omson pjr ul pminpjrtb. N emfbrblimn eb `n bspnþj`btn, `n irbojln y `n fn``bkn dmrnl bl su p`nlj sml pmvjtnr, blinanlej pjr ebs`mznombltj. @n prbsmùl bl inokmj sb `jdrn ebsp`nznlej `mdbrnobltb b` pultj eb nli`nab rbspbitj n `n vbrtmin`. Gjy eïn, `n fn``bkn sb utm`mzn pnrn imbrrbs eb inrpmltbrïn bxtbrmjr. @ns irbojlns bokutmens tmblbl `n vbltnan eb qub emsomluybl eb fjron ouy ljtnk`b `ns píremens tíromins. @ns irbojlns sjkrbpubstns bl `ns inrns rbqubrmrîl b` dumnej eb `ns vnrm``ns bl ejs j oîs pultjs pnrn bvmtnr qub sb tubrznl j emfmiu`tbl b` imbrrb. @js prmlimpn`bs prjk`bons sb enl bl `n npbrturn y imbrrb eb `ns gjans, ebsnaustbs y rjturns. Bl `n prîitmin sb vb nfbitnen eb onlbrn ljtnk`b pjr `js inokmjs eb emoblsmjlbs y ebfjronimjlbs qub sb prjeuibl bl `n onebrn eb `n vbltnln ijoj ijlsbiublimn eb `n guobene.
K. Gb Gbrr rrna nabs bs eb iu iub` b`du dubb Emstmldumrbojs bltrb kmsndrns y pbrlmjs. n) Km Kmsn sndr drns ns11 @n kmsndrn bs b` gbrrnab lnturn` eb `n vbltnln nkntmk`b. Yb trntn eb pmbzns fjronens pjr pn`ns j n`ns obtî`mins qub rbontnl bl im`mlerjs gubijs, `js iun`bs sb ulbl bltrb sï obemnltb ul gusm``j obtî`mij j pnsnejr, `j qub pbromtb su dmrj. B` tjtn` eb im`mlerjs sub`b sbr mopnr y n` obljs ijlstn eb trbs pmbzns. @ns n`ns tblerîl tn`nerjs pnrn mltrjeuimr `js b`bobltjs eb fmanimùl, yn sbnl bokutmens j sjkrbpubstns. Subebl sbr p`nlns j bl emberj, rbojvmk`bs (ebsojltnk`bs, qumtnlej b` pnsnejr, bokutmens bl b` inltj, blrnsnens j sjkrbpubstns n `n inrn. @`bvnl uln nrnleb`n bl b` gusm``j pnrn sunvmznr b` dmrj eb `ns pn`ns j n`ns. k) Sbr Sbrlmjs lmjs11 B` pbrlmj bs ul djzlb pbqubþj, emfbrblimîlejsb eb `n kmsndrn bl qub bstî fjronej pjr ul iubrpj eb sù`j ejs im`mlerjs, ulj mlfbrmjr (onigj) qub rbontn bl ul vîstndj vbrtmin` sjkrb b` qub dmrn b` im`mlerj supbrmjr (gbokrn). Bstb vîstndj bstî ulmej sj`menrmnobltb n uln pn`n j n uln bspmdn. @n fmanimùl sb rbn`mzn ijl `n pn`n bokutmen j blrnsnen j supbrpubstn. @js djzlbs trnemimjln`bs eb pn`n n`nrdnen gjrmzjltn` sù`j sb bop`bnl bl ijltrnvbltnlns, `js eb pn`n vbrtmin` sb ntjrlm``nl n `n inrn j bl b` inltj eb `n vbltnln. B` smstbon eb pn`ns bokutmens bs oîs rbsmstbltb ebkmej n su onyjr bopjtrnombltj, lj jkstnltb rbqumbrb eb ul i`nvnej pnrn su fmanimùl. @js tjrlm``js eb `js pbrlmjs lj ebkbl bltrnr bl `n vbltnln pnrn`b`nobltb n` p`nlj eb `ns gjans, smlj ul pjij mli`mlnejs, nebltrîlejsb gnimn b` mltbrmjr @js ontbrmn`bs bop`bnejs pnrn `n b`nkjrnimùl eb `js pbrlmjs sjl `js omsojs qub pnrn `ns kmsndrns, nulqub inen vbz sb bop`bnl oîs `js nibrjs bspbimn`bs fulemejs, qub lj sb tjrlbnl, pnrn qub `n sj`eneurn bltrb b` vîstndj y b` iubrpj eb `n kmsndrn sbn pbrfbitn.
;.6 Ij`jinimùl eb gbrrnabs bl b` tnk`brj eb nd`jobrnej @n bstruiturn mltbrln eb` nd`jobrnej lj ljs pbromtb uln kubln suabimùl eb `js tjrlm``js, nsï pjerbojs tblbr prjk`bons n `n gjrn eb ij`jinr gbrrnabs bl oubk`bs rbn`mznejs bl bstb ontbrmn`. Bl bstjs insjs yn sb usnl `js tjrlm``js eb rjsin eb nd`jobrnej, qub tmblbl `n rjsin gnstn ibrin eb `n inkbzn y ul pnsj onyjr pnrn nsbdurnr `n suabimùl.
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Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M Iunlej ístn lj sbn sufmimbltb gnkrî qub ij`jinr rbdubrjs pnrn qub `js tjrlm``js eb `n kmsndrn sb fmabl sjkrb onebrn onimzn, sjkrb tjej iunlej gnl eb sjpjrtnr pbsjs y trnknajs mopjrtnltbs. Bstj sb pjerî gnibr ijl ul inln` n `j `nrdj eb tjej b` inltj j sù`j bl b` `udnr ejleb vn `n kmsndrn y ij`jinr uljs tnijs eb onebrn. Ijlfjrob gn mej nuobltnlej b` usj eb` nd`jobrnej, bstn jpbrnimùl yn lj sub`b gnibrsb, pubs inen eïn gny oîs kmsndrns bspbimn`mznens pnrn bstb tmpj eb lbibsmenebs. Eb ngï b` íxmtj qub gn jktblmej `n kmsndrn eb inzj`btn, tnokmíl ebljomlnen mtn`mnln, y qub sb gn bxtblemej n tjen i`nsb eb oubk`bs, eb ijimln, gnkmtnimùl, btiítbrn.
9.
NIIBYJ NIIB YJ[M [MJY JY ] IJO IJOS@ S@BO BOBL BLUJ UJY Y SN[ SN[N N IN[ IN[SM SMLU LUB[ B[ÏN ÏN ] ORBK@B. UMSJY. NS@MINIMÙL. OJLUNAB
9.>> Bs 9. Bsiu iuej ejss pnr pnrnn ibr ibrrn rneu eurn rnss Nejrljs eb obtn` j onebrn qub smrvbl pnrn dunrlbibr `js jajs eb `ns ibrrneurns, `js gny eb emstmltjs tnonþjs y fjrons y `n fjron eb suabimùl vn ebseb b` ntjrlm``nombltj gnstn b` blrjsinombltj. N `n gjrn eb bsijdbr `n ibrrneurn qub qubrbojs ebkbojs pblsnr bl bstb ebtn``b, nulqub gjy eïn ouigns ibrrneurns yn ``bvnl mlijrpjrnej bstb bokb``bibejr.
9.;; Im 9. Imbr brrn rnpu pubr brtn tns1 s1 pnsn pnsnej ejrb rbss y ibrrj ibrrjaj ajss Sjr imbrrnpubrtns vnojs n bltblebr `js pnsnejrbs y `js ibrrjajs. Bstîl ijlstmtumejs pjr uln pmbzn obtî`min qub sb ebs`mzn y imbrrn bopuanlej ul kjtùl j bopuþneurn. Unltj `js pnsnejrbs ijoj `js ibrrj ajs smrvbl pnrn rbfjrznr b` imbrrb eb `ns pubrtns. Yb inrnitbrmznl tnltj pjr su `jldmtue ijoj pjr su fjron.
N. Sn Snsn snej ejrr vb vbrt rtmi min` n` Ouy usnej bl inrpmltbrïn. Yu `jldmtue vnrïn bltrb `js >;3 y 733 om`ïobtrjs. Umblb ul pbstm``j sbomimriu`nr utm`mznej pnrn imbrrbs. @n b`biimùl eb` ontbrmn` bl b` qub bstî b`nkjrnej b` pnsnejr gny qub tblbr`n bl iubltn sbdñl b` pbsj eb `n pubrtn bl b` qub sb vnyn n ij`jinr. Gny pnsnejrbs eb gmbrrj, eb fulemimùl, `ntjlnejs, btiítbrn. Ym `n pubrtn vn blrnsnen n` onrij, b` pnsnejr sb mltrjeuib bl b` publtb. Bl insj ijltrnrmj, sb `b nkrb uln bsijp`neurn. Snrn mltbrmjrbs eb oubk`bs sjl lbibsnrmjs pnsnejrbs eb tnonþj oîs pbqubþj y eb uln prbsbltnimùl ljtnk`b.
K. Sn Snsn snej ejrb rbss ijl ijl nd ndua uann Ymrvbl pnrn rbfjrznr `js imbrrbs eb `ns pubrtns ejk`bs j oñ`tmp`bs eb `js `jin`bs. Vnl blinanejs bl uln bsijp`neurn gbign bl b` inltj. B` ebsp`nznombltj eb` pbstm``j sb niimjln sukmblej j knanlej uln pn`nlin. I. Sn Snsn snej ejrb rbss pjr pjr `n `n inr inrnn Ijoj su ljokrb mlemin, sb ij`jinl pjr `n inrn, sml lmldñl tmpj eb blinab. B` oîs ijljimej bs b` eb fjron eb iruz, ouy usnej bl inrpmltbrïn.
E. Ib Ibrr rrja jajj pjr pjr `n inr inrnn Yb trntn eb ibrrjajs qub ijlstnl eb ejs ignpns obtî`mins, uln ntjrlm``nen n `n inrn eb `n pubrtn y `n jtrn, ntjrlm``nen n` onrij eb `n pubrtn. Yb ij`jinl n `n omson n`turn, enlej mdun` `n onlj y uln vbz ibrrnen `n pubrtn sb niimjln (eb emvbrsjs ojejs, pn`nlin, bab bstrmnej) b` pbstm``j gnimílej`j pnsnr eb `n prmobrn ignpn n `n sbdulen, n trnvís eb ul nduabrj bxmstbltb bl b` ibltrj eb `n sbdulen ignpn.
ibp bemtjrmn` }
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Nltjlmj @ums Ynonlmbdj Ynstrb B. Ib Ibrrj rrjaj aj bok bokut utme mejj n` in inlt ltjj Yù`j npnrbib bl `n inrn ul pbstm``j qub dmrn sjkrb sï omsoj y ``bvn sj`menrmj ul bab bstrmnej qub gnib sn`mr ul im`mlerj pjr b` inltj eb `n pubrtn. F. Ine Inebln blnss y ijo ijopns pnsbs bs eb sbd sbdurm urmene ene Snrn onyjr sbdurmene, `ns pubrtns eb `ns vmvmblens sb rbfubrznl ijl ineblns j ijopnsbs eb sbdurmene. Yb trntn eb ejs p`nltm``ns obtî`mins ij`jinens, uln bl `n inrn mltbrmjr eb `n pubrtn8 `n jtrn, n` onrij, n `n omson n`turn y ijl uln emstnlimn vnrmnk`b. @n inebln mrïn fman n `n ignpn eb` onrij y n trnvís eb emvbrsjs obinlmsojs sb blinan bl `n p`nltm``n obtî`min eb `n pubrtn. @js ijopnsbs eb sbdurmene tmblbl `n omson fmln`mene qub `ns ineblns eb sbdurmene, pbrj uln obajr prbsbltnimùl.
9.9 Omrm``ns Yb trntn eb vbltnlm``ns obtî`mins qub sb ij`jinl dblbrn`obltb bl `ns pubrtns eb `js pmsjs. Yjl eb ouy vnrmnejs tmpjs, nsï bxmstbl `ns rbans ebfblemens pjr ul irmstn` pjr `n pnrtb bxtbrmjr, gjy prîitminobltb bl ebsusj, gnstn `ns omrm``ns ùptmins qub pbromtbl jksbrvnr sml sbr vmstj y ijl ul îldu`j eb e b vmsmùl supbrmjr n >;3 drnejs. @n ij`jinimùl eb `ns omrm``ns bs ouy sblim``n. Yb gnib ul nduabrj bl b` nronzùl eb `n pubrtn y sb ij`jin pjr nokns pnrtb ul bsiuej suabtj ijl tjrlm``js.
9.55 Oub 9. ub```b `bss gmer gmerîu îu``mij ijss Bl `ns pubrtns eb ouigj trnlsmtj sb ij`jinl bstb tmpj eb oub``bs pnrn bvmtnr qub sb imbrrbl eb onlbrn vmj`bltn (pjrtnzj) j qub qubebl nkmbrtns. B` oub``b bs uln `îomln eb nibrj ijl uln pbstnþn bl inen bl inen bxtrboj, nrrj``nen bl tjrlj n ul im`mlerj, qub tmblb bl su pnrtb supbrmjr uln ruben ebltnen. B` oub``b vn blibrrnej bl uln inan. Bl `n pnrtb mlfbrmjr gny ul ebpùsmtj eb nibmtb, ijl ul tjrlm``j n` bxtbrmjr pnrn drneunr `n vb`jimene eb` imbrrb. Yjkrb b` oub``b nitñnl ejs krnzjs nrtmiu`nejs, ulj suabtj n` bab eb` oub``b y jtrj n` onrij. @n inan aultj ijl b` oub``b sb ij`jin suabtn n `n pnrbe.
9.2 Oub``bs @js oub``bs ijlstnl eb ul krnzj ijl uln ruben qub sb ebs`mzn sjkrb ul rnï` suabtj n `n pubrtn. Nsï sb pbromtb qub ístn qubeb nkmbrtn n =3 drnejs sml ibrrnrsb n` ``bdnr `n ruben n `n bltn``neurn qub gny bl b` rnï`.
9.66 [b 9. [btb tblb lbej ejrr gm gmer erîu îu`m `mij ij Snrn bvmtnr qub `ns pubrtns dj`pbbl n` ibrrnrsb bxmstbl bstjs imbrrbs gmerîu`mijs qub sb ij`jinl bl `n pnrtb supbrmjr ibltrn` eb `n pubrtn. Yjl eb tnonþj ouy rbeuimej, eb ouy fîim` ij`jinimùl y sb pubebl nenptnr n tjej tmpj eb pubrtns. Snrn ij`jinr bstb rbtblbejr, uln pnrtb sb suabtn n `n pubrtn y `n jtrn n` emltb`. B` fulimjlnombltj sb knsn bl b` ojvmombltj eb uln rubebimtn qub, n` nkrmr `n pubrtn, tblerî ul ojvmombltj ebsiblebltb sn`mblej eb ul publtb qub `n suabtn y, n` omsoj tmbopj, sb `bvnltn ul íokj`j. Iunlej sb imbrrn `n rubebimtn sb ebs`mzn, knanlej b` íokj`j gnstn qub b` krnzj qub sjstmblb `n ruben sb nkrb oîs eb =3 drnejs, prbsmjlnlej `n pubrtn gnimn b` onrij.
9.44 [b 9. [bttbl blbbej ejrr eb eb pub pubrrtn tnss Bstjs rbtblbejrbs smrvbl pnrn ebanr `n pubrtn fman ijl `n nkbrturn ebsbnen, obemnltb ul im`mlerj qub prbsmjln bl b` sub`j
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Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M
9.7 Sjojs y onlm``ns @js tmrnejrbs (pjojs, onlm``ns) mlf`uybl eb fjron emrbitn bl `n bstítmin eb `js oubk`bs. Sjr bstb ojtmvj, `n b`biimùl eb bstb tmpj eb gbrrnab ebkb sbr ouy iumenejsn. Rln on`n b`biimùl, pjr ouy kmbl qub bstí gbigj b` oubk`b y pjr kubln onebrn qub tbldn, pubeb gnibr qub b` oubk`b pmbren vn`jr bstítmij. Nsï pjr babop`j, tblbojs qub tblbr bl iubltn qub kjtjlbs y tmrnejrbs ij`dnltbs sb ij`jinl ul pjij oîs n`tjs qub b` ibltrj qub ljs onrqub b` frbltb. Bstb pultj bs ebljomlnej ijoj ibltrj ùptmoj.
N. Sj Sjoj oj eb in inaù aùl l Snrn `js inajlbs, `js tmrnejrbs qub oîs nprjpmnejs rbsu`tnl sjl `js kjtjlbs eb onebrn tjrlbnej, `js obtî`mijs, eb ibrîomin. B` obemj eb suabimùl pubeb sbr uln smop`b rjsin qub sjkrbsn`b pjr ebtrîs eb` pjoj, j ul tjrlm``j eb onebrn qub ntrnvmbsn b` frbltb eb` oubk`b y sb blrjsin bl b` pjoj.
K. Um Umrn rnej ejrr eb eb oub oubk` k`bb B` i`îsmij tmrnejr eb oubk`b vn suspblemej bl ejs pmvjtbs, ulj n inen `nej eb` omsoj. @ns fjrons eb bstjs tmrnejrbs sjl ouy emvbrsns, pbrj b` oîs inrnitbrïstmij bs b` iub``j eb imslb. I. N`enkm``n Bstjs tmrnejrbs tmblbl bl b` ibltrj eb` nrj ij`dnltb uln oj`eurn bl fjron eb `îomln pnrn obajr ndnrrb eb `js ebejs. Yu ij`jinimùl bs bl b` ibltrj eb `js inajlbs. E. Um Umrn rnej ejrr eb nl nlm` m``n `n Yjl sbobanltbs n `js nltbrmjrbs, pbrj ``bvnl `n nlm``n suspblemen eb `n pnrtb supbrmjr eb `n p`nin trnsbrn.
B. Um Umrn rnej ejrr eb bop bopjt jtrn rnrr Yb ijopjlbl eb uln p`nin eb `ntùl onimzj bl `n qub sb bokutb ul nrj j nsn pmvjtnltb. B` tmrnejr sb bopjtrn bl b` frbltb eb` inaùl y sb fman n ístb ijl tjrlm``js eb inkbzn p`nln.
F. Um Umrn rnej ejrr iùl iùlin invj vj eb in inaù aùl l Bstjs tmrnejrbs, b`nkjrnejs bl obtn`, p`îstmij j onebrn, sjl `js oîs nptjs pnrn oubk`bs eb bstm`j ojebrlj. @js tjrlm``js sb mlsbrtnl n oîqumln bl `ns rjsins qub trnbl bokutmens bl sus bxtrbojs.
D. Umr Umrnej nejrbs rbs pnrn pnrn pubrtn pubrtn ijrrb ijrrbebr ebrnn Yb trntn eb tmrnejrbs imriu`nrbs j rbitnldu`nrbs qub sb blij`nl bl `ns pubrtns ijrrbebrns sj`npnens y ``bvnl ul rbknab ejleb sb mltrjeuibl `js ebejs.
9.== Um 9. Umrn rnej ejrb rbss y ibrr ibrrne neur urns ns pnr pnrnn inaj inajlb lbss Substj qub `js tmrnejrbs mlf`uybl eb fjron ljtnk`b bl `n bstítmin fmln` eb` oubk`b sb tmblb qub pjlbr bspbimn` iumenej bl su b`biimùl. Sjebojs blijltrnr tmrnejrbs tjrlbnejs eb onebrn (kjtjlbs), nsï ijoj frbsnejs j sjkrbpubstjs. @js kjtjlbs y `js tmrnejrbs bl fjron ij`dnltb, sb ebkbl ij`jinr ul pjij oîs n`tjs qub b` ibltrj eb` frbltb. @js tmrnejrbs eb rnlurn tblerîl qub tblbr uljs ;2 oo eb nligj pnrn qub ljs bltrbl `js ebejs. Unltj `js kjtjlbs ijoj `ns tmrnejrbs ijl fjron eb ijlign eb onebrn sb ntjrlm``nl j blij`nl bl b` frbltb, ombltrns qub pnrn `js tmrnejrbs obtî`mijs qub tmblbl fjron eb ijlign gnkrî qub rbn`mznr ul jrmfmimj pnsnltb n fml eb suabtnr pjr ebltrj ijl uln tubrin b` tjrlm``j qub ``bvnl. @js inajlbs pubebl tblbr smstbons eb imbrrb. Snrn b``j, `j oîs nprjpmnej pnrn `js inajlbs obtmejs sbrî `n ibrrneurn bltn``nen y bltnkminen j sjkrbpubstn. @js inajlbs ijl frbltb sjkrbpubstj n` frbltb sb pjerîl ibrrnr ijl ibrrneurns sjkrbpubstns.
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Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M ;.9 IB ;.9 IB[[ [[NE NER[ R[NY NY Umpjs eb ibrrneurns1 - Eb rbskn`ùl - Eb moîl - Bl Bltn tnkm kmin inen enss j bl bltn tn`` ``ne nens ns - Bltn``nens - Bokutmens - Ib Ibrr rrnneu eurn rnss eb eb irb irbo ojl jlnn - Ib Ibrr rrnneu eurn rn eb fn fn`` ``bk bkns ns - Ijrrbebrn - Ibrrj rjaajs eb inaùl - Ur Urno nopù pùll j `bl `bldð dðbt btnn rb rbit itnn - Subrt rtnn ijrrbebrn - Dj`pbtb - Ib Ibrr rrne neur urnn eb eb dj` dj`pb pb y ``n ``nvb vb - Ib Ibrr rrne neur urns ns ijl ijl ``n ``nvb vb onb onbst strn rn
;.5 GB[ GB[[NA [NABY BY SN[N SN[N SRB[UNY SRB[UNY Sbrlmjs Kmsndrns Ibrrneurns
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9.= UM[NE UM[NEJ[BY J[BY ] IB[[NE IB[[NER[NY R[NY SN[N SN[N INAJLBY INAJLBY
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Srjfbsjrbs eb Blsbþnlzn Ybiulenrmn. Srjibsjs y Srjeuitjs bl Onebrn y Oubk`b. Vj`. M
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