Rcgk
0
XCHKBM BC IK GKBCZK. LO@ZMXHMTOHOBKB. @ZKBMX BC LSGCBKB. TZMHCB TZM HCBOGO OGOCNR CNRM. M. C[S C[SOT OTMX MX C ONX ONXRKI RKIKHO KHOMNC MNCX. X. ZCX ZCXSI SIRKB RKBMX MX.. BCAC BCACHRM HRMXX BCZOQK BCZ OQKBMX BMX BCI XC XCHKB HKBM M
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ONRZMBSHH ONRZMB SHHOØN OØN.. XCHKBM XCHKBM BC IK GKB GKBCZK CZK LO@ZMXHMTO LO@ZM XHMTOHOBKB HOBKB BC IK GKBCZ GKBCZK. K. @ZKBMX @ZKBMX BC LSGCBKB LSGCBKB TZMHCX TZM HCXM M BC XCH XCHKB KBM M BC IK GKBC GKBCZK ZK TZMHCBOGOCN TZMHC BOGOCNRMX. RMX. C[SOTM C[SOTMX X C ONXRKIK ONXRKIKHOMNC HOMNCX. X. ZCXSIRKBM ZCXSIRKBMX X BCACHR BCA CHRMX MX BCZO BCZOQKB QKBMX MX BCI BCI XCHK XCHKBM BM @SOØ @S OØN N ZC ZCXS XSGC GCN N JOJI JO JIOM OM@ @ZK ZKAÇ AÇK K KNC\ KN C\M. M. BO BOJS JSFM FMX X
hcp cbotmroki }
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Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc
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ONRZMBSHHOØN
Cn cstc tcgk vkgms k cstubokr ci schkbm bc ik gkbcrk. Trcvokgcntc, cstubokrcgms ik lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk, kunquc cn pkskbms tcgks yk lcgms onhobobm smjrc cstc puntm. Tkrk cntcnbcr høgm kachtkn ims bostontms topms bc schkbm k ik gkbcrk, sc tcnbrë quc knkiozkrik cn su prmpocbkb lo`rmshøpohk, cs bchor, cn su hkpkhobkb bc kjsmrjcr, rctcncr y cxpuiskr ik lugcbkb. Snk vcz quc ims trmnhms lkn sobm kjktobms y scrrkbms, sc lkn bogcnsomnkbm y scichhomnkbm cn poczks sc`ön cshukbrçk, tmbkvçk nm cstën cn hmnbohomncs bc scr kprmvchlkbms, bkbk ik `rkn hkntobkb bc lugcbkb y skvok quc hmntocncn ims vksms. Cn ik gkbcrk quc nm cstë jocn schk, m lk sobm schkbk bc gkncrk ogpcrachtk, tcnbcrën sus aojrks k scpkrkrsc jkfm ik khhoøn bc ik hmntrkhhoøn, unk vcz rckiozkbm ci trkjkfm. Ik skvok, bkbk su akhoiobkb pkrk ik pubrohoøn, hmnvocnc cxpuiskrik m lkhcrik onmacnsovk khcicrknbm ik bcschkhoøn hmn tmbk rkpobcz .
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LO@Z LO @ZMX MXHM HMTO TOHO HOBK BKB B BC BC IK GK GKBC BCZK ZK.. @ZKB @ZKBMX MX BC BC LSGC LSGCBK BKB B
Ik gkbcrk rchoïn tkikbk y hmrtkbk, bcpcnbocnbm bc ik cspchoc, ujohkhoøn `cm`rëaohk y cbkb, hmntocnc un pmrhcntkfc bc lugcbkb quc pucbc iic`kr k scr supcromr ki 34%5 `cncrkigcntc cs gkymr cstc hmntcnobm khumsm cn iks gkbcrks bc jiknbks quc cn iks burks. Onhiusm bcntrm bc un gosgm ërjmi cxostcn boacrcntcs hmntcnobms bc lugcbkb, ksç ik gkbcrk tcgprknk (kijurk y hogk) hmntocnc gës k`uk quc ik gkbcrk tkrbçk (burkgcn y hcpk). Ci k`uk quc sc cnhucntrk cn ik gkbcrk sc bcnmgonkbk lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk y sc cxprcsk hmgm pmrhcntkfc bc ik gkbcrk hmgpictkgcntc schk. Ik gkbcrk quc cstë sotukbk cn ci ontcromr bci ërjmi sc nms prcscntk bc bms amrgks. Tmr unk pkrtc, ci k`uk bc ogprc`nkhoøn, quc cs ik quc cgpkpk iks pkrcbcs hciuikrcs bci ërjmi5 pmr mtrk pkrtc, ci k`uk iojrc m bc hkpoikrobkb, quc cs ik quc mhupk ims cspkhoms hciuikrcs m ontcrhciuikrcs vkhçms. Ci prmhcsm bc schkbm bc ik gkbcrk sc vcroaohk ciogonknbm progcrm ci k`uk iojrc, pkrk bcspuïs ciogonkr ci k`uk bc ogprc`nkhoøn. Ik lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk sc pucbc gknoacstkr cn ik skvok bci ërjmi, socnbm guy pcrfubohoki y guy boaçhoi bc ciogonkr5 cn ci k`uk bc ogprc`nkhoøn quc huknbm cs ciogonkbk mro`onk ik hmntrkhhoøn bc ik gkbcrk y, pmr öitogm, tkgjoïn sc pucbc gknoacstkr k trkvïs bci k`uk iojrc, quc cs guy aëhoi bc ciogonkr. Ik gkbcrk lögcbk nm cs kptk pkrk ci trkjkfm y pmr ciim bcjc scr schkbk, cs bchor, rcstkric un hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb pkrk quc ci rcgkncntc hmrrcspmnbk k ik bci cntmrnm pmstcromr bmnbc scrë utoiozkbk. Nm mjstkntc, cs hocrtm quc ik gkbcrk hmn un hocrtm `rkbm bc lugcbkb sc trkjkfk gcfmr quc schkbk tmtkigcntc, smjrc tmbm cn ikjmrcs hmgm ikjrk m tmrnm. Ci cstkbm lo`rmgïtrohm m lugcbkb rciktovk cs ik rcikhoøn bc ik hkntobkb bc vkpmr bc k`uk, cxprcskbk cn `rkgms, hmntcnobm cn un vmiugcn bc un gctrm höjohm bc korc lögcbm, y ik hkntobkb quc hmntcnbrçk csc gosgm vmiugcn so cstuvocsc skturkbm bc vkpmr bc k`uk. Iks bms gcbohomncs lky quc rckiozkriks k ik gosgk tcgpcrkturk pkrk quc pucbkn tcncr vkiobcz. Huknbm sc schk ik gkbcrk im quc sc prctcnbc cs im`rkr un cquoiojrom lo`rmshøpohm m ik lugcbkb içgotc bc iks gkbcrks. Huknbm sc schk gkbcrk bc gkncrk nkturki m krtoaohoki, ci korc quc horhuik k trkvïs bc iks poiks bc gkbcrk cs ci k`cntc cnhkr`kbm bc iicvkr k hkjm ci schkbm, rckiozknbm cstc trkjkfm bc amrgk gës m gcnms rëpobk cn aunhoøn bc bc ik tcgpcrkturk y vcimhobkb bci korc (hukntm gës hkiocntc, schm y gkymr vcimhobkb bci korc, gës rëpobm scrë ci schkbm bc ik gkbcrk). Tkskbm hocrtm tocgpm iks gkbcrks kbquocrcn unk lugcbkb cstkhomnkrok, mshoiknbm ik lugcbkb cn vkimrcs quc nm sc boacrcnhokn guhlm cntrc sç, socgprc y huknbm nm vkrçcn iks hmnbohomncs bc ik tcgpcrkturk y vcimhobkb bci korc. Rkgjoïn pucbc mhurror ci acnøgcnm onvcrsm6 so k unk gkbcrk schk sc ic hmimhk burkntc un bctcrgonkbm tocgpm cn un kgjocntc lögcbm ik gkbcrk kjsmrjcrë ik lugcbkb, kugcntknbm su `rkbm bc lugcbkb, pcrm hmn ci içgotc bc ik prmpok lugcbkb bci cspkhom bmnbc sc ujohø ik gkbcrk schk.
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hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O Tmr tkntm, sc pucbc hmnhiuor quc trknshurrobm ci tocgpm prchosm sc cstkjichc un cquoiojrom cntrc ik lugcbkb hmntcnobk cn ci kgjocntc quc rmbck ik gkbcrk y ci `rkbm bc lugcbkb bc ïstk. Cstc puntm sc bcnmgonk lugcbkb bc cquoiojrom lo`rmshøpohm (LCL), (LCL) , y ci `rkbm bc lugcbkb kbquorobm cntmnhcs pmr ik gosgk sc bcnmgonk lugcbkb içgotc bc ik gkbcrk. gkbcrk . Ik LCL gëxogk quc pucbc tcncr ik gkbcrk huknbm sc ik smgctc k un kgjocntc skturkbm bc lugcbkb cs bci 84%, hmn cstk lugcbkb sc skturkrçkn tmbms ims luchms cntrc iks aojroiiks cicgcntkics y iks aojrks quc hmgpmncn ik pkrcb hciuikr. K cstc puntm bc lugcbkb sc ic bcnmgonk puntm bc skturkhoøn bc ik aojrk (TXA). Tkrk ci hksm quc qucrcr quc ik gkbcrk kbquocrk gës lugcbkb sc ik sugcr`c cn k`uk y sc iicnkn ims cspkhoms cxostcntcs cn ci iugcn hciuikr. Cs guy ogpmrtkntc cn tmbm gmgcntm hmnmhcr ik lugcbkb içgotc bc ik gkbcrk pkrk hkbk tcgpcrkturk y ci cstkbm lo`rmgïtrohm bci korc kgjocntki. Tmr cstc gmtovm, bkgms k hmntonukhoøn unk tkjik cn ik quc sc hmnso`nkn bc gmbm kprmxogkbm iks lugcbkbcs lugcbkbcs içgotcs bc ik gkbcrk.
Lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk pkrk mjrk cn Curmpk Gkbcrk bc mjrk ;:% k ;<% Gmjoiokrom k ik ontcgpcroc ;:% k ;1% Qcntknks, pucrtks cxtcromrcs ;:% k ;3% Gmjoiokrom ontcromr, sucim ;4% k ;:% Krtcsmnkbms 1% k <% Xc`ön ik prmpmrhoøn bc k`uk iks gkbcrks sc pucbcn hiksoaohkr bc ik so`uocntc gkncrk6 - Gkb Gkbcrk crkss vcrbc vcrbcss quc quc hmntoc hmntocncn ncn gës bc un :4% bc k`uk k`uk.. - Gkb Gkbcrk crkss pmhm pmhm schks schks quc quc hmntoc hmntocncn ncn cntr cntrcc un ;<% ;<% y un :4% :4% bc k`uk. k`uk. - Gkb Gkbcrk crkss bcschk bcschkbks bks ki ki korc, korc, quc quc hmntocn hmntocncn cn bci bci ;:% ki ;<% ;<% bc k`uk. k`uk. - Gkb Gkbcrk crkss guy guy schks schks,, quc quc hmnto hmntocnc cncnn gcnms gcnms bci ;:% ;:%..
K. Gcb Gcbobk obk bc lugc lugcbkb bkb bc ik ik gkbcr gkbcrkk Ims pmrhcntkfcs bc lugcbkb pucbcn gcborsc cn un ikjmrktmrom, hmgpkrknbm ci pcsm bc ik gucstrk bc gkbcrk cn su cstkbm nkturki hmn su pcsm bcspuïs bc scr smgctobk k un prmhcsm bc schkbm. Cxostcn vkroms gïtmbms6 k) Tmr bcschkh bcschkhoøn oøn cn cstua cstuakk m cnskym cnskym bc schkbm6 schkbm6 Xc trktk bci prmhcbogocntm gës ro`urmsm bc gcbohoøn. Xc trktk bc bctcrgonkr ci pcsm bc ik poczk bc gkbcrk (Tl), bcschkr ik poczk lkstk quc nm tcn`k k`uk y vmivcr k bctcrgonkr ci pcsm bc ik poczk schk (Tm) Ksç, ik lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk (L) cn tkntm pmr hocntm scrë6 Tl-Tm L7 ‒‒‒- x ;44 Tm Ik nmrgk SNC 313:? cstkjichc ci prmhcbogocntm pkrk cstkjichcr ik lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk, quc onbohk quc ci schkbm sc rckiozkrë cn unk cstuak hmn horhuikhoøn amrzkbk bc korc, smgctocnbm k ik gkbcrk k unk tcgpcrkturk bc ;44 `rkbms gës gcnms 8. Tkrk bctcrgonkr ci gmgcntm cn quc ik gkbcrk cstë tmtkigcntc schk sc cstkjichc quc scrë huknbm bcspuïs bc bm s pcskbks hmnschutovks, bcspuïs bc gkntcncrik cn ik cstuak, bkn ci gosgm pcsm. Tkrk rckiozkr cstc prmhcbogocntm sc tmgkrë un tkjik (gçnogm 14 hg. bc imn`otub) y vkroms rctkics pkrk cnskym hmn gcbobks quc pucbcn mshoikr cntrc ;4 y :4 hg., sc pcskn y mjtcnbrcgms ci pcsm bc ik gkbcrk lögcbk. Cn un lmrnm m pikhk ciïhtrohk sc schkn ims rctkics lkstk quc hcp cbotmroki }
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Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc qucbcn hmgpictkgcntc schms. Ik gcbobk bc csms rctkics scrë ci pcsm bc ik gkbcrk schk m pcsm bc schkbm ki lmrnm hmn un hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb bci 4%. Ci onhmnvcnocntc bc cstc gïtmbm cstkrçk cn su icntotub, vkroms bçks pkrk quc scquc, pmr im quc ik onbustrok utoiozk mtrms gïtmbms gës rëpobms. j) Tmr gcbobk gcbobk cn lo`røgct lo`røgctrm rm bc rcsos rcsostcnho tcnhokk Hmnsostc cn gcbor ik hmnbuhtovobkb ciïhtrohk cntrc bms puntms bc ik poczk bc gkbcrk. Hmgm ik ontcnsobkb bc ik hmrrocntc vkrokrë hmn ci hmntcnbobm bc lugcbkb, sc pmbrë bctcrgonkr bc csc gmbm su lugcbkb. Tkrk ciim, sc utoiozkn psohrøgctrms ciïhtrohms. Ik gkbcrk cs gkik hmnbuhtmrk bc ik cichtrohobkb, pcrm so im cs ci k`uk. Ksç, hukntm gës lögcbk cstë ik gkbcrk, gës kugcntkrë ik hmnbuhtovobkb bc ïstk, puboïnbmsc cstkjichcr unk rcikhoøn bc pmrhcntkfc cntrc ik lugcbkb y ik hmnbuhtovobkb ciïhtrohk. Hmn ims psohrøgctrms ciïhtrohms sc pucbc bctcrgonkr cn vkroms sc`unbms ci hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk bc socrrk, cshukbrkbk, iks hlkpks y ims tkjicrms k`imgcrkbms. Iks gkbcrks sc pmnbrën cn hmntkhtm hmn ims cichtrmbms, nm socnbm yk nchcskrok ik aofkhoøn bc ims gosgms. Ci sostcgk bc gcbohoøn sc jkskrë cn ik jkiknzk ciïhtrohk. K trkvïs bc mnbks sc hmgpkrk ik bcnsobkb bc ik prmjctk lögcbk k gcbor hmn ik bc mtrk schk y ik boacrcnhok cntrc kgjks vocnc onbohkbk bc amrgk bo`otki hmgm lugcbkb. Bktms bc rcsostovobkb bc ik gkbcrk cn gc`kmlngoms, k boacrcntcs `rkbms bc lugcbkb6
Lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk cn % Zcsostovobkb cn gc`kmlngoms
4 ? ;8 ;< :8 :1 84 ;44. ;4 4.4444 ;4. ;4.44 4444 ;;..44 4444 ;;444 ;4 ;4 ; 4, 4,;;
Lky quc tcncr cn hucntk quc ik tkjik cs gcrkgcntc mrocntktovk, pucs hkbk cspchoc tocnc sus prmpoks hkrkhtcrçstohks y bostontks borchhomncs. Tmr cstc gmtovm, ik nmrgk SNC 31384 cstkjichc im so`uocntc6 Ci kpkrktm uskbm pkrk gcbor ik lugcbkb bcjc bospmncr bc gknbm hmrrchtmr bc cspchoc. Xo ci kpkrktm bospusocrk bc gknbm hmrrchtmr bc tcgpcrkturk, sotukr ïstc cn ik tcgpcrkturk k ik quc sc cnhucntrk cn csms gmgcntms. Hikvkr cichtrmbms bc pök cn ik gkbcrk cn borchhoøn pcrpcnbohuikr k iks aojrks bc gkbcrk cn unk prmaunbobkb bc ;/3 bci `rmsmr bc ik poczk.
J. Nch Nchcso csobkb bkb bci sch schkbm kbm bc ik ik gkbcr gkbcrkk Cxostcn vkroms gmtovms6 (Gës kbcikntc vmivcrcgms smjrc cstc tcgk) - Kihknzkr Kihknzkr un hmntcn hmntcnobm obm bc lugcbk lugcbkb b kprmxogkbk kprmxogkbkgcntc gcntc o`uki o`uki ki ki bc su cntmrnm cntmrnm kgjoc kgjocntki, ntki, hmn ci aon bc rcbuhor ki gçnogm ci trkjkfm bc ik gkbcrk. - Zcb Zcbuho uhorr ik bostmr bostmrsoø soønn y hmgjkbm hmgjkbm quc quc sc prmbuh prmbuhcn cn cn ik gkbc gkbcrk rk schk. schk. - Ik lugcbkb lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk gkbcrk kachtk kachtk k su prmhcsm prmhcsm bc bc trknsamrgkh trknsamrgkhoøn oøn (k gmbm bc cfcgpim sc ontcrpmnc cntrc ik hmik y ik gkbcrk), boaohuitknbm m ogpmsojoiotknbm ki rckiozkhoøn bc cstc prmhcsm. - Ik lugcbkb lugcbkb vkrçk vkrçk iks iks bogcnsomnc bogcnsomncss bc ik gkbcrk gkbcrk.. Lonhlkzøn Lonhlkzøn cs cs ik prmpocbk prmpocbkb b bc ik gkbcrk gkbcrk bc bc kugcntkr su vmiugcn huknbm onhrcgcntk su hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb. Cstm søim sc prmbuhorë huknbm ik vkrokhoøn bc lugcbkb sck onacromr ki puntm bc skturkhoøn bc ik aojrk, cs bchor, pmr cnhogk bci 84% bc lugcbkb nm cxostcn hkgjoms bogcnsomnkics. Gcrgk scrë im hmntrkrom, pïrbobk bc bogcnsomncs hmgm hmnschucnhok bc ik pïrbobk bc lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk. Iks hmnschucnhoks bc ik gcrgk c lonhlkzøn bc ik gkbcrk scrën iks so`uocntcs6 Tïrbobk bc ik prchosoøn cn ci bogcnsomnkgocntm bc ik gkbcrk5 søim tcnocnbm cn hucntk ik lugcbkb sc pmbrë tcncr unk hcrtczk smjrc ik bogcnsoøn bc ik gkbcrk. ;2<
hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O Ik lugcbkb k ik quc bcjc schkr ik gkbcrk cs kquciik quc sck sogoikr ki LCL bci kgjocntc bmnbc sc vkyk k ujohkr, y kbcgës, scrë vkrokjic cn hkbk zmnk `cm`rëaohk y bcpcnbcrë bc ik cstkhoøn bci kûm cn quc sc bctcrgonc bohlk lugcbkb. - Acnbks6 Acnbks6 Ik pkrtc pkrtc cxtcr cxtcromr omr bc ik gkbc gkbcrk rk schk schk kntcs kntcs quc ik pkrtc pkrtc ontcromr ontcromr mro`on mro`onknbm knbm un un bcscquoiojrom bc lugcbkbcs bc ik poczk, gkymr hukntm gkymr sck ci boëgctrm bc ik poczk y ik vcimhobkb bci schkbm. Cn puntms pmstcromrcs prmaunbozkrcgms cn cstc puntm. - Zcbuhor Zcbuhor ik pmsoj pmsojoiobk oiobkb b bc unk onachho onachhoøn øn bc lmn`ms lmn`ms bc pubroh pubrohoøn, oøn, ogpcb ogpcbor or ci bcskrrmi bcskrrmiim im bc lmn`ms kzuics y bc ktkqucs bc onschtms, hmgm ik hkrhmgk bc ik kgjrmsçk. - Zcb Zcbuho uhorr ims hmstc hmstcss bc trknsp trknspmrt mrtcc ki rcbuho rcbuhorr pcsm pcsm bc ik gkbcrk gkbcrk..
H. @r @rkb kbms ms bc bc lugc lugcbk bkb b Ik lugcbkb k ik quc bcjc schkr ik gkbcrk cs kquciik quc sck sogoikr ki LCL bci kgjocntc bmnbc sc vkyk k ujohkr y scrë vkrokjic cn hkbk zmnk `cm`rëaohk y bcpcnbocnbm bc ik cstkhoøn bci kûm cn quc sc bctcrgonc bohlk lugcbkb. Qkgms k bkr unk scroc bc bktms cn ims quc sc cstkjichcn ims vkimrcs bc LCL cn bostontks prmvonhoks cspkûmiks pkrk iks ïpmhks bc onvocrnm y vcrknm6 Trmvonhok Xkikgknhk Tkicnhok Icøn Xkntknbcr Hmruûk Lucshk Rkrrk`mnk Qkicnhok Hucnhk Kigcrçk Rcncroac Jkbkfmz Gkbrob Jkrhcimnk
LCL onvocrnm :4% ;0% ;?% ;3% ;1% ;0% ;8% ;2% ;0% ;3% ;:% ;0% ;1% ;8%
LCL vcrknm ;4% ?% ;4% ;1% ;1% ?% ;8% ;8% ?% ;8% ;4% <% <% ;:%
R 7 Rcgpcrkturk Lr 7 Lugcbkb rciktovk LCL 7 Lugcbkb bc cquoiojrom lo`rmshøpohm
R. Gcbok/Lr Onvocrnm 2¶ H - <8% Lr 2¶ H - <:% Lr 2¶ H ‘ <3% Lr ;4¶ H ‘ 00% Lr ;4¶ H ‘ <4% Lr 3¶ H ‘ <:% Lr ;4¶ H ‘ 10% Lr ;;¶ H ‘ 0;% Lr 2¶ H ‘ <4% Lr ;8¶ H ‘ 02% Lr ;<¶ H ‘ 13% Lr ?¶ H ‘ <4% Lr 1¶ H ‘ 0?% Lr ;4¶ H ‘ 04% Lr
R.Gcbok/Lr Qcrknm ::¶ H - 2<% Lr :;¶ H ‘ 3:% Lr :4¶ H ‘ 3:% Lr ;?¶ H ‘ <4% Lr ;<¶ H ‘ 0?% Lr :8¶ H ‘ 3;% Lr :8¶ H ‘ 0;% Lr :2¶ H ‘ 04% Lr ::¶ H ‘ 2<% Lr :3¶ H ‘ 0:% Lr :2¶ H ‘ 33% Lr :1¶ H ‘ 2:% Lr :2¶ H ‘ 2:% Lr :2¶ H ‘ 10% Lr
Aucntc6 Kivkrcz (;?<8)
Ksç, so unk gkbcrk vk k cstkr ujohkbk cn Jkrhcimnk ik LCL mshoikrë cntrc ci ;8% pkrk ci onvocrnm y ci ;:% cn vcrknm, ik gkbcrk sc bcjcrë schkr ki ;8,3% mshoiknbm su lugcbkb 4,3% krrojk m kjkfm. Bc cstk amrgk, iks bcamrgkhomncs scrën gçnogks. Xo, pmr ci hmntrkrom, cstk gkbcrk aucrk k cstkr ujohkbk cn Xkikgknhk, hmgm ik LCL mshoik cntrc ci :4% pkrk ci onvocrnm y ci ;;% pkrk ci vcrknm, ik gkbcrk bcjcrçk bc schkr ki ;3%, mshoiknbm un 2% krrojk m kjkfm k im ikr`m bci kûm, hoark quc iicvkrë hmnso`m gmvogocntm y tcnsomncs ogpmrtkntcs cn ik gkbcrk quc hkuskrën `roctks.
hcp cbotmroki }
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Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc Gcbobks bc LCL gcbom, ki cxtcromr cn Cspkûk (gkbcrks cxpucstks ki cxtcromr quc nm rchojkn k`uk)6 Trmvonhok
LCL ki cxtcromr
R
Lr
Xkikgknhk Tkicnhok Icøn Xkntknbcr Hmruûk Lucshk Rkrrk`mnk Qkicnhok Hucnhk Kigcrçk Rcncroac Gkbrob Jkrhcimnk
;8 ;: ;8 ;3,3 ;1 ;: ;8 ;8 ;: ;2 ;; ;; ;8
;:¶ H ;:¶ H ;;¶ H ;2¶ H ;2¶ H ;8¶ H ;1¶ H ;0¶ H ;:¶ H ;<¶ H :;¶ H ;2¶ H ;1¶ H
0:% 10% 1<% 0<% 0?% 11% 0;% 04% 13% 08% 1;% 0:% 04%
Aucntc6 Ëivkrcz (;?<8)
Cn hukntm ki LCL bci ontcromr bc iks vovocnbks scrë bostontm bcpcnbocnbm bci topm bc hkicakhhoøn. Cn iks vovocnbks son hkicakhhoøn ci LCL mshoikrë smjrc ci :%. Cn kquciiks hmn hkicakhhomncs gcboks iic`krë lkstk ci 2%, pubocnbm kihknzkr ci 1% cn ims hksms bc hkicakhhomncs hcntrkics. Ik nmrgk SNC rcacrobk ki pkrquï gmskohm cstkjichc quc ik lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk mshoikrë cntrc ci 3% y ci 0% cn zmnks bc ontcromr, y ci 0%-?% cn zmnks hmstcrks. Ci prmjicgk bc unk smhocbkb hmgm ik nucstrk cs quc ci bcstonm aonki bc ik gkbcrk cs hmnmhobm k pmstcromro. Xøim cn hksms guy gonmrotkroms (krtcsknçk, aunbkgcntkigcntc) ci bcstonm bc ik gkbcrk cs hmnmhobm bcsbc ci onohom. Ksç, hmgcrhokigcntc sc cstkjichcn hmgm lugcbkbcs gës hmnvcnocntcs pkrk tmbm ci tcrrotmrom nkhomnki iks so`uocntcs6 - Gk Gkbc bcrk rk pkr pkrkk cxtc cxtcro romr mrcs cs66 ;8% ;8% - Gk Gkbc bcrk rk pk pkrk rk on ontc tcro romr mrcs cs66 <% <%
8. TZ TZMH MHCX CXM M BC BC XCH XCHK KBM BC IK GKB KBCZ CZK K Ci schkbm cs ci prmhcsm bc rcbuhhoøn bci hmntcnobm khumsm cn ik gkbcrk vcrbc, bc gkncrk quc mjtcn`kgms un prmbuhtm son bcachtms no kitcrkhomncs quc gcrgcn su vkimr. Bcjcgms tcncr cn hucntk quc huknbm ik gkbcrk sc smgctc k un prmhcsm bc schkbm nm nkturki, suarorë unk bosgonuhoøn m hmntrkhhoøn rëpobk. _k hmnmhcgms quc hmn ci schkbm sc o`ukikrë ci pmrhcntkfc bc lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk hmn ik lugcbkb bci kgjocntc. Ik gkbcrk sc pmbrë schkr pmr gcboms nkturkics y pmr gcboms krtoaohokics5 pkrk pmbcrik schkr pmr gcboms nkturkics sc nchcsotkrën supcraohocs cxtcnsks, gocntrks quc pkrk ci schkbm pmr gïtmbms krtoaohokics sc uskrën rchontms hcrrkbms cspchokigcntc khmnbohomnkbms. _k sck schkbm krtoaohoki m nkturki, tcnbrën quc cxostor trcs hmnbohomncs jësohks, hmgm smn tcgpcrkturk cicvkbk, vcimhobkb bci korc bc 4,1 k ;,3g/s y un cstkbm lo`rmgïtrohm kitm. Ci schkbm bc ik gkbcrk sc kpmyk cn bms prmhcsms açsohms6 - Gmv Gmvogo ogocnt cntmm bci k`uk k`uk bci bci ontcro ontcromr mr bc ik gkbc gkbcrk rk lkhok lkhok ci ci cxtcro cxtcromr. mr. - Hcs Hcsoøn oøn m bcspr bcsprcnb cnbogo ogocnt cntmm bc k`uk k`uk bc ik gkbcr gkbcrkk horhun horhunbkb bkbkk pmr korc korc.. Rrks ik tkik m kpcm bc un ërjmi nms pmbcgms cnhmntrkr hmn bms topms bc k`uk bcntrm bci ërjmi. Tmr unk pkrtc nms cnhmntrkgms hmn k`uk iojrc cn ims luchms hciuikrcs y hmn k`uk mhiuobk cn iks pkrcbcs bc ;34
hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O iks hïiuiks. Burkntc ci prmhcsm bc schkbm ci k`uk iojrc cs ciogonkbk hmn rkpobcz pmrquc ci gmvogocntm bci k`uk lkhok ci cxtcromr sc vc akvmrchobk pmr ik cstruhturk tkjuikr bc iks prmpoks hïiuiks bc ik gkbcrk5 pmr ci hmntrkrom, ci k`uk mhiuobk søim bcskpkrchc bc gkncrk icntk, pucs su ciogonkhoøn önohkgcntc pucbc prmbuhorsc pmr boausoøn (gmvogocntm bci vkpmr bc k`uk pmr ik boacrcnhok bc prcsoøn bcntrm bc ik hïiuik) lkhok ci cxtcromr. Ik ciogonkhoøn bc k`uk quc sc cnhucntrk cn ik supcraohoc bc ik gkbcrk sc prmbuhc pmr cvkpmrkhoøn. Hmnschucnhok bc ik cvkpmrkhoøn sc prmbuhc unk ksporkhoøn cn ik cstruhturk bc ik gkbcrk quc prmhurk ci gmvogocntm bci k`uk. K cstc gmvogocntm bc k`uk lkhok ki cxtcromr sc bcnmgonk aiufm bc lugcbkb. Xon cvkpmrkhoøn nm lky aiufm, y son son aiufm nm lky cvkpmrkhoøn. Huknbm sc lk cvkpmrkbm ci k`uk iojrc bc ik gkbcrk, ik lugcbkb bc ïstk cstkrë cntrc ci :: y 84%, cstm cs hmnmhobm hmgm gkr`cn bc skturkhoøn bc ik aojrk. Cxostc un cquoiojrom cntrc ik lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk y ik lugcbkb rciktovk bci korc, ik gkbcrk tmgkrë m hcbcrë k`uk k su gcbom lkstk quc sc kihknhc ci cquoiojrom cntrc kgjms, lkstk quc nm cxostk boacrcnhok bc lugcbkb.
8.;; Tr 8. Tron onho hopo poms ms bci bci sch schkb kbmm bc ik gkb gkbcr crkk K. Qcim Qcimhobkb hobkb bci bci k`uk cn ci ci ontcromr ontcromr bc ik gkbcrk gkbcrk m vcimhob vcimhobkb kb bc schkbm schkbm Huknbm iks hïiuiks tocncn hmntcnobms bostontms bc lugcbkb lkhc quc sc mro`onc un prmhcsm cntrc ciiks, pmr ci quc sc cquoiojrk ci hmntcnobm pksknbm k`uk bc unk k mtrks. Ik vcimhobkb bc cstc acnøgcnm bcpcnbcrë bc iks hikscs bc hïiuiks y bc iks hmnbohomncs cxtcrnks k iks hïiuiks. Cntrc iks hmnbohomncs quc onaiuycn pmbcgms hotkr6 - Huknt Hukntmm gkymr gkymr sck sck ci `rmsmr bc ik pkrcb hciuik hciuikrr gcnmr gcnmr vcimhobkb vcimhobkb bci k`uk. k`uk. - Huknbm ik hmgunohkho hmgunohkhoøn øn cntrc cntrc iks hïiuiks cs pmr gcbom bc bc puntckbmrks puntckbmrks krcmikb krcmikbks ks bc iks trkqucçbks (hksm bc hmnçacrks), ik vcimhobkb scrë gkymr quc pkrk ik hmgunohkhoøn pmr puntckbmrks sogpics bc iks aojrks (hksm bc iks armnbmsks). - Ik tcgpcrkt tcgpcrkturk urk khcicrk khcicrkrë rë ci gmvogoc gmvogocntm ntm bc iks gmiïhui gmiïhuiks ks cn ci k`uk k`uk y hmn ciim su su vcimhobkb. vcimhobkb. - Hukntm Hukntm gcnmr cs ci pmrhcnt pmrhcntkfc kfc bc lugcbk lugcbkb b bc ik gkbcrk gcnmr scrë ik ik boausoøn boausoøn bci k`uk y, pmr tkntm, gcnmr cs ik lugcbkb. - Ci prmhcsm prmhcsm bc schkbm schkbm prmpokg prmpokgcntc cntc bohlm bohlm nm cgpoczk cgpoczk lkst lkstkk quc ik gkbcr gkbcrkk lk sobm sobm kscrrkbk kscrrkbk cn cn tkjiks y tkjimncs, kunquc ims rmiiozms suarcn trknsamrgkhomncs so sc bcfkn tki huki, son kscrrkr, burkntc un hocrtm tocgpm, puboïnbmsc mro`onkr tcnsomncs y rkfks so cxostc un hmntcnobm boacrcntc bc lugcbkb cntrc ci cxtcromr y ci ontcromr (`rkbocntc bc lugcbkb) bc ik gkbcrk bc rmiiozm. Cstm lky quc rcikhomnkrim hmn ims cxtrcgms bci rmiiozm, pucs ik gkbcrk schk kntcs k im ikr`m bci `rknm quc k trkvïs bci gosgm. Cn cstks horhunstknhoks, ci gmvogocntm bci k`uk k trkvïs bci `rknm bc un gkbcrm rchoïn hmrtkbm pucbc iic`kr k scr gës khcicrkbm quc ci gmvogocntm rkboki. - Ik `rkbocntc `rkbocntc bc bc lugcbkb lugcbkb mro`onk mro`onk unk tcnbcn tcnbcnhok hok k ik ik gcrgk bc unk pkrtc pkrtc bc ik gkbcrk gkbcrk rcspchtm rcspchtm k ik mtrk, k im quc lkjrë quc sugkr ci bcskfustc bc cstms gmvogocntms hkuskbms pmr ik prmpok knosmtrmpçk bc ik gkbcrk. Cstks tcnbcnhoks bcso`ukics supmncn unk scroc bc tcnsomncs quc sc bcnmgonkn tcnsomncs bc schkbm. - Hukntm Hukntm gkymr gkymr sck ci `rkbocnt `rkbocntcc bc schkbm schkbm (rcikh (rcikhoøn oøn cntrc cntrc ik lugc lugcbkb bkb bc ik ik gkbcrk gkbcrk y ik ik lugcbkb bci cquoiojrom lo`rmshøpohm bci korc quc rmbck ik gkbcrk) gkymr vcimhobkb cn ci schkbm bc ik gkbcrk. Cstks tcnsomncs vkn k bcpcnbcr bc ims so`uocntcs akhtmrcs6 - Qcimhobkb Qcimhobkb bc schkbm6 schkbm6 K gkymr gkymr vcimhobkb vcimhobkb bc schkb schkbmm gkymr `rkboc `rkbocntc ntc bc lugcbk lugcbkb b y, pmr tkntm tkntm,, gkymrcs tcnsomncs. Ik vcimhobkb bc schkbm bcpcnbcrë bc ik tcgpcrkturk bci korc cxtcromr k ik hcp cbotmroki }
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Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc poczk bc gkbcrk y bc ik `rkbocntc bc schkbm, kugcntknbm hmn kgjms. Ci korc hkiocntc kjsmrjc gës vkpmr bc k`uk quc ci korc arçm, im`rknbm un hmnsobcrkjic `rkbm bc schkbm onhiusm cn un kgjocntc lögcbm, socgprc y huknbm ik tcgpcrkturk sc gkntcn`k kitk. @rkhoks k cstc pronhopom, ik gkbcrk sc pucbc schkr gës rëpobkgcntc y scr iicvkbk k un cquoiojrom gës jkfm prmpom bc un hiogk rciktovkgcntc lögcbm bc iks zmnks trmpohkics, quc jkfm hmnbohomncs bc schkbm nkturki cn un hiogk tcgpikbm scrçk ogpmsojic bc kihknzkr. Cn iks zmnks tcgpikbks cs boaçhoi bc hmnsc`uor un schkbm rëpobm quc nm mro`onc cnburchogocntm m rkfks cn ik gkbcrk quc sc lkiic cxpucstk k cxtrcgks hmnbohomncs burkntc un vcrknm. Xo nm cxostocrk hmrrocntc bc korc, ïstc qucbkrçk skturkbm cn ik prmxogobkb bc ik gkbcrk quc sc cstë schknbm. Cn kuscnhok bc unk `rkbukhoøn bc lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk cxpucstk ki korc, ci prmhcsm bc schkbm jkfk m hcsk. - Hukntm Hukntm gkymr gkymr sck ci cspcsmr cspcsmr bc bc iks poczk poczkss bc gkbcrk gkbcrk,, gkymr gkymr boacrcnhok boacrcnhok bc lugcbkb lugcbkb bci bci ontcromr ki cxtcromr y sc prmbuhorën gkymrcs tcnsomncs. - Ki`unks Ki`unks cspchoc cspchocss bc gkbcrks gkbcrks smn gcnms gcnms pcrgckj pcrgckjics ics quc quc mtrks mtrks ki vkpmr vkpmr bc k`uk (rmjic) y, pmr tkntm, smn bc schkbm gës icntm. Ik rc`ik `cncrki nms bohc quc iks gkbcrks burks y bcnsks smn gcnms pcrgckjics ki k`uk quc iks gkbcrks jiknbks5 kunquc sckn gës boaçhoics bc schkr marchcn hmn ci tocgpm unk gkymr cstkjoiobkb. Hukntm gës bcnsk sck ik pkrcb hciuikr bc unk gkbcrk cxostorë gës icntotub bc ontcrhkgjom cntrc iks hïiuiks y, pmr ciim, gkymr cs ci `rkbocntc prmbuhobm. Ki`unks cspchocs smn horhuobks y, pmr tkntm, sc gktkn kntcs bc ik tkik, ksç mhurrc un schkbm bci ërjmi quc hmgocnzk kntcs bc quc ïstms kjknbmncn ci jmsquc. Kunquc ci `rkbm bc schkbm cs pmhm, ik bcnsobkb bc ik gkbcrk jkfk im suaohocntc pkrk quc ims rmiiozms pucbkn aimtkr rçm kjkfm (tchk). Xo nm aucrk pmr cstc pksm prciogonkr bci schkbm ik gkbcrk sc lunborçk cn ci rçm pmr su prmpom pcsm y iks boaohuitkbcs pkrk su trksikbm scrçkn ogpmrtkntcs. - K gkymr gkymr hmcaohocnt hmcaohocntcc bc hmntrkhhoø hmntrkhhoønn vmiugïtro vmiugïtrohk, hk, gkymr gkymr tcnbcnhok tcnbcnhok k gcrgkr gcrgkr y, pmr pmr tkntm, tkntm, gkymrcs tcnsomncs. - Hukntm Hukntm gës rcsostc rcsostcntc ntc sck ik gkbcrk gkbcrk k ims csauc csaucrzms rzms bc trkhhoø trkhhoønn pcrpcnbohui pcrpcnbohuikr kr k ik aojrk, aojrk, gcnmrcs scrën iks tcnsomncs.
J. Bor Borchh chhoøn oøn bci sch schkbm kbm bc gkbc gkbcrk rk Iks hïiuiks bc ik gkbcrk tocncn amrgk kikr`kbk (cntrc 34 y :44 vchcs gës ikr`ks quc `rucsks) y cstën mrocntkbks cn ci scntobm bci cfc bci ërjmi (borchhoøn kxoki). Cxostorë, pucs, un gkymr nögcrm bc hïiuiks cn ik borchhoøn trknsvcrski quc cn ik kxoki. Ksç hmgm ci gmvogocntm bci k`uk cn ci ontcromr bc ik gkbcrk cs pkrk cquoiojrkr iks lugcbkbcs bc iks hïiuiks, ik boacrcnhok cn ci nögcrm bc hïiuiks sc`ön ik borchhoøn quc sc hmnsobcrc pmnc bc pktcntc ik bcso`ukibkb bc hmgpmrtkgocntm quc tocnc ci gmvogocntm bci k`uk bcntrm bc ik gkbcrk. Ci k`uk cn borchhoøn kxoki sc gucvc hmn akhoiobkb, schk rëpobkgcntc, gocntrks quc cn ik borchhoøn trknsvcrski cstk gmvoiobkb bci k`uk cs guhlm gës boaohuitmsk. Xc cvotk ci schkbm cn ik borchhoøn kxoki, pucstm quc ci `rkbocntc bc lugcbkb cntrc iks prmxogobkbcs bc iks tcstks y ci ontcromr bc ik gkbcrk sc lkhc tkn `rknbc quc prmvmhk su rmturk (acnbks bc tcstk). Tkrk ciim, lky quc prmhurkr quc ci korc horhuic cn ik borchhoøn trknsvcrski cvotknbm quc pksc pmr iks tcstks, pmnocnbm cn ci cxtrcgm bc iks tkjiks rkstrcics m bknbm un trktkgocntm k iks tcstks pkrk boaohuitkr ik skiobk bc k`uk pmr ciiks.
H. Khm Khmnbo nbohom homnkb nkbmm y lmgm` lmgm`cnc cncozk ozkbm bm Ki aonki bc tmbm schkbm, hmnschucnhok bci `rkbocntc bc schkbm, socgprc lkjrë unk bostrojuhoøn bc lugcbkbcs, tki quc ci ontcromr tcnbrë gkymr hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb quc ci cxtcromr bc ik gkbcrk. Tkrk cvotkr quc sc prmbuzhk cstc bcachtm, kntcs bc aonkiozkr ci schkbm, sc rckiozkrë ci bcnmgonkbm lmgm`cncozkbm y khmnbohomnkbm bc ik gkbcrk, pmr ci huki sc rcikfkn iks tcnsomncs quc sc hrckn cn ik ;3:
hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O gkbcrk. K gmbm bc cfcgpim, huknbm sc prctcnbc schkr ik gkbcrk lkstk un ;:%, cstc prmhcsm hmnsostorë cn schkr ik gkbcrk lkstk ci ? ø ;4%, hmn im huki lkjrë unk bostrojuhoøn bc lugcbkbcs cn ci ontcromr bc ik gkbcrk quc scrë bci 0, <, ?, ;4, ;; y ;:%. Bcspuïs bc hmnsc`uor ci ? ø ;4% sc lugcbchc ik gkbcrk supcraohokigcntc quc hmnso`uc quc ik tmtkiobkb bc ik poczk tcn`k ci ;:% bc lugcbkb y nm cxostkn tcnsomncs ontcrnks.
2.
TZMHCB TZMH CBOG OGOC OCNR NRMX MX,, C[ C[SO SOTM TMX X C ON ONXR XRKI KIKH KHOM OMNC NCX. X. ZCXSIRKBMX
2.; Xchkbm nkturki bc ik gkbcrk Tmr schkbm nkturki bc ik gkbcrk sc cntocnbc ci quc sc rckiozk prcvokgcntc ki korc iojrc son tchnmim`çk, y iuc`m, jkfm tchlm kprmvchlknbm iks hmnbohomncs nkturkics bc hkbk hiogk. Cs ci prmhcbogocntm gës knto`um quc cxostc pkrk ci schkbm bc ik gkbcrk. Xc so`uc cgpicknbm cn ik khtukiobkb, pucstm quc cs ci gës scnhoiim y tocnc øptogms rcsuitkbms.
K. Xch Xchkbm kbm nkt nkturk urkii ki kor korcc iojrc iojrc Cn jkstkntcs horhunstknhoks nm cxostc gës kitcrnktovk quc ci schkbm nkturki ki korc iojrc bc ik gkbcrk. Ik tksk bc schkbm nkturki nm pucbc scr hmntrmikbk pmr nmsmtrms, bcpcnbc tmtkigcntc bc ik hiogktmim`çk (tcgpcrkturk, prcsoøn ktgmsaïrohk y lugcbkb rciktovk) lkstk ci puntm bc quc tcgpcrkturks cicvkbks y, cn gcnmr `rkbm, hmnbohomncs bc scqucbkb cxhcsovks m bcgksokbk vcntoikhoøn, bkn iu`kr k quc bctcrgonkbks cspchocs scqucn hmn cxhcsovk rkpobcz y sc cxpmn`kn k hocrtms bcachtms (bcamrgkhomncs, onscnsojoiobkb, pknbcm, k`roctkgocntm…). Lky quc tcncr cn hucntk quc ci hmntcnobm khumsm aonki quc tcn`k ik gkbcrk nm pucbc scr bctcrgonkbm bc gkncrk kntohopkbk. Ksç, cn hiogks hkiocntcs m schms, ik gkbcrk schkbk ki korc iojrc pucbc im`rkr un cquoiojrom cn ci hmntcnobm khumsm bc un 1% ø 0%, pcrm cn iks rc`omncs tcgpikbks cstc hmntcnobm khumsm cs pmhm prmjkjic quc bcshocnbk gës bc un ;0% burkntc ci vcrknm y cntrc un :3% k 84% cn onvocrnm. Xc nchcsotk guhlm tcrrcnm pkrk unk onstkikhoøn bc cstc topm y, pmr tkntm, guhlk onvcrsoøn. Kbcgës, cxostc ci pcio`rm bc un ktkquc bc onschtms y ci tocgpm pucbc iic`kr k scr un akhtmr ogpmrtkntc, pucs ik gcbok bc schkbm bc unk gkbcrk cstkrçk cn ims 2 kûms. Sn `rupm ogpmrtkntc bc krtcsknms bcaocnbc quc ik gkbcrk schkbk bc gkncrk nkturki tocnc gës cstkjoiobkb pkrk ci trkjkfm quc ik gkbcrk schkbk krtoaohokigcntc. Cstm cs hocrtm, smjrc tmbm huknbm sc trktk bc gkbcrk bc `rknm orrc`uikr cn un hiogk tcgpikbm, pcrm socgprc quc ci schkbm sc iicvc k hkjm hmn `rknbcs huobkbms y sc rcbuzhk bc amrgk pkuiktonk ci `rkbm bc lugcbkb hmnvcnocntc. Ik rkzøn cstë cn quc hkbk poczk bc gkbcrk tocnc sus prmpoks tcnsomncs ontcrnks y ci schkbm krtoaohoki nm pucbc bkr un rcsuitkbm unoamrgc cn ci hmntcnobm khumsm bc tmbks iks poczks bc gkbcrk quc lkyk trktkbm. Ci prmhcsm bc schkbm nkturki bc ik gkbcrk cs gës icntm quc ims krtoaohokics y cn ims cstkboms aonkics ci hmntcnobm khumsm bc ik gkbcrk aiuhtök pmhm hmn ims hkgjoms bc lugcbkb kgjocntki. Cn cstks hmnbohomncs ci hmntcnobm khumsm bc ik gkbcrk y ik tcnsoøn ontcrnk iic`kn `rkbukigcntc k un cquoiojrom. Mtrk bc iks vcntkfks bc cstc schkbm nkturki bc ik gkbcrk scrçk quc ïstk nm pocrbc su hmimr, hmnscrvknbm ik gkbcrk tmbk su jciiczk. Cstc topm bc schkbm hmgocnzk ongcboktkgcntc bcspuïs bci kscrrkbm bc ik gkbcrk. Ci progcr schkbm bc ik gkbcrk sucic lkhcrsc lkstk aonkics bc mtmûm, quc cs huknbm ik gkbcrk tocnc gcnms skvok, pucs ïstk sc hmnhcntrk cn cstk ïpmhk cn iks rkçhcs y ci trmnhm tocnc pmhm hmntcnobm kijugonmobc tkn prmpohom k auturks kitcrkhomncs. Burkntc cstk ïpmhk iks gkbcrks bcjcn gmvcrsc jkstkntc, pucs bc nm lkhcrim iks supcraohocs bc hmntkhtm qucbkrçkn gkrhkbks cn ik gkbcrk. Iuc`m, trknshurrobms unms gcscs y schk ik
hcp cbotmroki }
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Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc gkbcrk, sc trksikbkn k un kigkhïn m schkbcrm, socgprc kntcs bci onvocrnm y huknbm nm sc lkykn cgpkpkbm bc lugcbkb, bmnbc hmntonukrën hmn ci prmhcsm bc schkbm. Lky quc tcncr cn hucntk quc cn ki`ön hksm cs pmsojic quc sc lkyk prkhtohkbm ik knlcikhoøn, quc hmnsostc cn bcshmrtczkr ims trmnhms burkntc ik progkvcrk kntcromr ki kpcm m tkik bci ërjmi, y huym aon cs cvotkr ik khuguikhoøn bc kigobøn cn ims rkboms gcbuikrcs y cn ik kijurk bc ik gkbcrk. Xo sc bcfk ci trmnhm hmn hmrtczk bcschk icntkgcntc, cn hkgjom bcshmrtczënbmim bcschk kntcs, pcrm hmn ci `rkvc onhmnvcnocntc bc `rkvcs bcamrgkhomncs cn ik gkbcrk. Tmr cstc gmtovm, cn ik prëhtohk sc bcfkn ims trmnhms hmn hmrtczk burkntc unms gcscs kntcs bc iicvkrims k ik scrrcrçk. Nm hmnvocnc bcfkr ims trmnhms hmn hmrtczk burkntc ci vcrknm, pucstm quc ci hkimr lkrçk acrgcntkr ik skvok jkfm ik hmrtczk bctcromrknbm `rkvcgcntc ik gkbcrk Ki`unms krtcsknms so`ucn mtrm sostcgk pkrchobm. Rkikbm ci ërjmi, bcshmrtczkn ci austc y ciogonkn iks rkgks sugcr`ocnbm ik gkbcrk cn k`uk burkntc :4 bçks, pmnocnbm bcspuïs ïstk k bcschkr. Huknbm ci trmnhm cstë im jkstkntc schm sc kscrrk hmnamrgc k iks gcbobks hmgcrhokics. Bcspuïs sc kpoikn iks poczks, bc gmbm quc ci korc horhuic pmr tmbm su kircbcbmr. Ci schkbcrm bc gkbcrk bc socrrk sc bcjc sotukr cn un sotom piknm y bospucstm bc tki gmbm quc ik poik bc gkbcrk qucbc cn su scntobm imn`otubonki trknsvcrskigcntc k ik borchhoøn cstc-mcstc bci vocntm pronhopki. Hkbk hiksc bc gkbcrk bcjc tcncr unk poik bctcrgonkbk (cs bchor, nm sc pucbcn gczhikr bostontks cspchocs bc gkbcrk). Ci schkbcrm bcjc cstkr cxcntm bc tocrrk vc`ctki y sc bcjc hujror bc krcnk `rucsk, `rkvk m kbmquonkbm. Hmn archucnhok ims sucims smn onhiusm bc lmrgo`øn. Rmbms ims bcspcrbohoms bc gkbcrk y trmzms pmbrobms sc bcjcn ciogonkr pkrk cvotkr ims ktkqucs bc ims lmn`ms. Huknbm ik gkbcrk schk bc gkncrk nkturki cs ogpmrtkntc prmtc`crik arcntc k ik lugcbkb quc vocnc bc krrojk (iiuvok) y ik lugcbkb quc prmhcbc bc kjkfm (sucim). Ims cxtrcgms bc ims gkbcrms nm bcjcn qucbkr cxpucstms k ims rkyms smikrcs y ci pmrm quc qucbk cxpucstm ki korc sc tocnc quc sciikr hmn sciikbmrcs ogpcrgckjoiozkntcs, hmgm pucbcn scr ci jctön m ik hcrk. Cstk prmtchhoøn tkgjoïn sc pucbc hmnsc`uor gcbokntc iostmncs bc cstojk knhlms quc smjrcski`kn bc iks tcstks bc ik gkbcrk bc socrrk. Cn gkbcrks quc smn prmpcnsks k k`roctkrsc (armnbmsks) sc pucbcn hmimhkr torks bc pkpci cn iks tcstks m bkrics unk hkpk bc ponturk prmtchtmrk, jctön m hcrk. Ims tkjimncs bcjcn qucbkr scpkrkbms bci sucim cntrc :4, 84 y lkstk 24 hcntçgctrms (bcpcnbocnbm bc kutmrcs sc khmnscfkn mtrks gcboks, onhiusm tkn søim; ø : hcntçgctrms), pcrgotocnbm unk jucnk hmrrocntc bc korc, y ims iostmncs quc sc cgpiccn pkrk ciim bospmncrims bc gkncrk kpimgkbk pkrk cvotkr bostmrsomncs cn ims tkjicrms. Bohlm bc mtrk amrgk, pkrk ik cstojk bc ik poik lky quc jushkr un jkskgcntm ongcfmrkjic, quc sck hmrrchtk ik cichhoøn y ci iu`kr bc ims iostmncs bc cstojk, prmtchhoøn bc tcstks y kpoikbm y icvkntkbm bc iks poczks. Rmbm cstm hmn ci aon bc cvotkr ik acrgcntkhoøn y ik lugcbkb, pucs ik lugcbkb bci sucim kzuik, pubrc y hrçk hkrhmgk, ci hmntkhtm ims rchkiocntk y cntmnhcs vocnc ik acrgcntkhoøn. Tmr cstk gosgk rkzøn, burkntc ci vcrknm nm cs jucnm quc scquc ik gkbcrk hmn hmrtczk, pucs ci hkimr lkrçk acrgcntkr ik skvok jkfm ik hmrtczk Ci jkskgcntm bc ik poik hmnstk bc pocs y rkstrcics. Ik bostknhok cntrc pocs sc ro`c pmr ci tkgkûm bci gktcroki k schkr. Hukntm gkymr sck ik gkbcrk bc hmrtc k kpoikr, k gkymr bostknhok cntrc sç pucbcn cstkr ims pocs. Ci `rmsmr bc ims iostmncs pkrk cstkjichcr iks hkiks bc scpkrkhoøn vocnc k scr unk `rkbukhoøn bci schkbm6 gocntrks gës `rucsms sckn ims iostmncs, gës rëpobk scrë ik pïrbobk bc k`uk. Ims iostmncs m hkiks bc cstojk pcrgotcn ik korckhoøn k trkvïs bci gktcroki gktcroki k schkr. Xmn rchmgcnbkjics ims iostmncs bc schhoøn hukbrkbk, pucs bc cstc gmbm nm sc pucbcn hmimhkr bc amrgk onhmrrchtk. Ik imn`otub bc iks hkiks bcjc scr ik suaohocntc pkrk quc ik gkbcrk kpoikbk bcshknsc smjrc ciims cn tmbm su knhlm. Ci pcsm bc ik gkbcrk sotukbk krrojk cn un lkhonkgocntm m poik cvotk m rcbuhc ik bcamrgkhoøn burkntc ci schkbm, socgprc quc nm sc kpioquc un pcsm onkbchukbm smjrc ik öitogk hkpk bc gkbcrk cn poiks kgpioks m rcsuitcn onkbchukbks pkrk poiks cstrchlks. Xocgprc cs ogpmrtkntc quc hmonhob kn vcrtohkigcntc hmn ims iostmncs. ;32
hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O Tmr mtrk pkrtc, ki cstojkr ik gkbcrk bc socrrk lky quc prmhurkr quc ims iostmncs quc lkhcn ikjmrcs bc hkik m bc cstojk qucbcn vcrtohkigcntc unms smjrc mtrms pkrk cvotkr bcamrgkhomncs. Ik scpkrkhoøn cntrc cstms iostmncs sc ro`c pmr ci `rucsm bc iks tkjiks y tkjimncs kpoikbms. Xcpkrkhoøn bc tkjiks cn ci kpoikbm bc rkstrcics pkrk su schkbm6
@rucsm bc iks tkjiks k schkr (gg) Gcnms bc :4 :4 k 84 84 k 24 24 k 14 14 k <4 Gës bc <4
@rucsm bc ims rkstrcics (gg) :4 :3 84 83 24 23
Cspkhokgocntm bc ims rkstrcics (g) 4,8 k 4,3 4,2 k 4,3 4,1 k 4,< 4,1 k 4,< 4,? k ; ;
Cn ci kpoikbm bc ik gkbcrk bc socrrk sc pucbc boston`uor cntrc poik bc trmnhm y poik cn hkfk. Cn ci kpoikbm bc trmnhm sc cstojkn tkjiks y tkjimncs, rchoïn kscrrkbm y son hkntckr. Xøim so sc cgpickn iostmncs bc cstojk quc vkykn bc unm k mtrm ikbm sc lkjik cntmnhcs bc poik bc trmnhm onbovobuki. Cn ik poik bc trmnhm bmjic sc cstojkn socgprc bms poiks y sc hmimhkn søim iostmncs ikr`ms. Cn ik poik bc hkfk sc hmimhkn pmr im `cncrki søim tmn`kbks bc gktcroki hkntckbm. Ik tmn`kbk supcromr bc iks tkjiks bc poik bcjc cstkr prmtc`obk hmn hukiquocr topm bc tcfkboiim hmntrk ik iiuvok y ims rkyms smikrcs, pcrm hmn suaohocntc torm bc korc. Lky quc tcncr cn hucntk quc lky quc lkhcr unk pcnbocntc suaohocntc pkrk quc ik iiuvok nm pcnctrc cn ik poik. Burkntc ci schkbm y unk vcz ki kûm lky quc rclkhcr ik poik y hmimhkr ims iostmncs bc b c cstojk cn iu`krcs bostontms k ims quc sc tcnçk. Burkntc ci progcr schkbm iks gkbcrks bcjcrën gmvcrsc hmn archucnhok, pucs bc nm lkhcrim iks supcraohocs bc hmntkhtm qucbkrçkn gknhlkbks. Hkbk poik iicvkrë unk tkjioiik knmtknbm ik hiksc bc gktcroki, achlk bc tkik m kscrrkbm y nmgjrc bci sugonostrkbmr. Bcjcrën ciogonkrsc iks poczks k`usknkbks pkrk quc nm hmntkgoncn k iks poczks sknks. Cn ci schkbm bc ki`unks gkbcrks lky quc rckiozkr trktkgocntms y huobkbms cspchokics. Ci krhc søim rctocnc su hmimr jiknhm cgpczknbm yk ik bcschkhoøn jkfm tchlkbm. Iks tkjiks sc trkjuhkn, hmn im quc ik gkymr hkntobkb bc k`uk hmntcnobk cn ci trmnhm bc ik hogk sc boaunbc gës rëpobkgcntc. Rkn prmntm hmgm ci k`uk sc lkyk bostrojuobm pmr o`uki k trkvïs bc ik tkjik sc kpoik lmrozmntkigcntc y k ims scos gcscs sc tocnc quc rclkhcr ik poik. Tmr su pkrtc, ci rmjic y ci arcsnm sc tocncn quc kpoikr cn un progcr gmgcntm ki korc iojrc. Ik lugcbkb, icfms bc pcrfubohkr cstks gkbcrks, ics khikrk ci ëhobm tënohm, lkhoïnbmiks gës sukvcs y ciogonknbm tcnsomncs. Nm mjstkntc, so ci k`uk sc khuguikrk cn ik poik kpkrchcrçkn gknhlks pkrbks (gknhlks bc tënohm). Tkskbm un kûm, bcjc kigkhcnkrsc ci rmjic jkfm tchlkbm hmn korckhoøn, hmn huobkbm cspchoki cn iks tcstks. Ims trmnhms bc nm`ki qucbkn k ik ontcgpcroc lkstk quc pocrbkn ik hmrtczk, iuc`m sc trmhckn y sc kigkhcnkn jkfm tchlkbm. Tmr ci hmntrkrom, ci migm bcjc scr trmhckbm bcspuïs bc kpckbm y kpoikrsc jkfm tchlkbm, pucs tocnc guhlk tcnbcnhok k k`roctkrsc. Ci lkyk, ci kiosm y ci kjcbui, bkbk su tcnbcnhok k gknhlkrsc hmgm hmnschucnhok bc ik lugcbkb, bcjcn kigkhcnkrsc y bcschkrsc son smi jkfm tchlm. Cxostc unk prëhtohk hmgcrhoki hmrrocntc quc cs ik bc schkr bc amrgk nkturki ik gkbcrk kntcs bc su schkbm krtoaohoki ki lmrnm. Iø`ohkgcntc, k novci bc krtcsknms nm lky khhcsm k cstc sostcgk, pcrm pmbcgms im`rkr rcbuhor ci hmntcnobm khumsm bc ik gkbcrk pkrk nucstrm usm ontcrnm. Huknbm ik gkbcrk rchoïn trmhckbk sc bospmnc jkfm tchlm, m sogpicgcntc hujocrtk ki korc iojrc, pkskbks unk m bms cstkhomncs, cn aunhoøn bci `rmsmr bc ik gkbcrk, sc tocnc quc kigkhcnkr pmr im gcnms un kûm cn ontcromr jkfm iks hcp cbotmroki }
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Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc gosgks hmnbohomncs bc tcgpcrkturk y lugcbkb k iks quc tcnbrë huknbm sck gmjoiokrom. Ki lkhonkr cstks pcqucûks hkntobkbcs bc gkbcrk, huknbm sc hmimhkn gkbcrks ktrkvcskbks hmntrk ims tkjimncs supcromrcs, lky quc ktkr ims iostmncs bc krrojk k kjkfm, kprctkbkgcntc hmn unk sm`k `rucsk. Cstks ktkburks sc pucbcn tcnskr hmn huûks onscrtkbks pmr bcjkfm y ksç ogpcbor quc ims gkbcrms hkgjocn bc pmsohoøn burkntc ci prmhcsm bc schkbm. Ci sostcgk hkscrm gës caohkz bc khcicrkr ci schkbm cs hmrtkr ci trmzm bc gkbcrk cn rcjknkbks y bcfkr quc hkbk unk bc ciiks scquc lkstk kihknzkr ci `rkbm bc lugcbkb kbchukbm y cntmnhcs sc prmhcbc k su rchmnstotuhoøn gcbokntc ci cnhmikbm. Ik gkbcrk schkbk ki korc cs bcstonkbk pkrk mjrks bc gkbcrk ujohkbks k ik ontcgpcroc hmgm pucbcn scr vcntknks, hmntrkvcntknks m pucrtks cxtcromrcs. Ik gkbcrk pkrk ik cikjmrkhoøn bc gucjics y mtrms cicgcntms ujohkbms cn ontcromrcs tocnc quc cstkr gës bcschkbk.
J. Xch Xchkbm kbm cn kig kigkhï khïn n bc bc ik ik gkbc gkbcrk rk Tkskbms bms gcscs k ik ontcgpcroc ik gkbcrk y yk schk, iks gkbcrks sc hmimhkrën cn hmjcrtozms hcrrkbms, prmtc`obks bci smi pcrm hmn vcntoikhoøn suaohocntc y cvotknbm ims vocntms. Cn cstc puntm tmbk gkbcrk gkimiocntc bcjc scr scpkrkbk bci rcstm pkrk cvotkr pmsojics hmntkgonkhomncs bc gkbcrk sknk. Ki hkjm bc ki`unms gcscs iks gkbcrks hmnscrvkrën ci 84% bc lugcbkb. Iks gkbcrks quc sc hmimqucn vcrtohkigcntc sc sotukrën bcfknbm cn ik pkrtc kitk ik pkrtc supcromr bci trmnhm. Iks kjcrturks bc vcntoikhoøn bc ims kigkhcncs sc sotukrën cn ik borchhoøn bc ims vocntms schms cn Cspkûk, cs bchor, lkhok ci sur y lkhok ci cstc. Bcspuïs bci progcr schkbm sc hmimhkrën iks gkbcrks cn ci kigkhïn kntcs bci onvocrnm, nunhk sc lkrë cstc pksm so iks gkbcrks sc lujocrkn cgpkpkbm bc lugcbkb. Xo iks gkbcrks cstuvocrkn schks, sc kpoikrën piknks, son hkiks ontcrgcboks hmn ci mjfctovm bc rchtoaohkr iks pmsojics bcamrgkhomncs.
H. Xch Xchkbm kbm nkt nkturk urkii khc khcicr icrkbm kbm Xc trktk bc sugcr`or iks gkbcrks cn k`uk pkrk ciogonkr iks skics y bcschkr ik skvok, huym sotom scrë mhupkbm pmr ci k`uk. Cn ki`unms iu`krcs sc sugcr`cn iks gkbcrks cn k`uk burkntc un gcs, pcrm cstc trktkgocntm mshurchc io`crkgcntc iks gkbcrks, pcrm tocnc ik vcntkfk bc rcbuhor k un tcrhom ci pcrçmbm bc schkbm tmtki bc ik gkbcrk, ik rkzøn nm cs mtrk quc ci k`uk quc lk sustotuobm k ik skvok sc cvkpmrk gës rëpobkgcntc quc ïstk, im quc bosgonuyc ci tocgpm bc schkbm. Cn tmbms ims topms bc schkbm nkturkics, ci schkbm sc bkrë pmr jucnm huknbm ci hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk cstë cntrc ci ;:% y ci :4% bc su pcsm tmtki.
2.: Xchkbm krtoaohoki bc ik gkbcrk Xc cntocnbc pmr schkbm krtoaohoki m onbustroki bc ik gkbcrk ci quc tocnc iu`kr gcbokntc onstkikhomncs tïhnohks m onbustrokics. Cntrc iks vcntkfks quc tocnc iks aunbkgcntkics smn ik rcbuhhoøn bci tocgpm bc schkbm k unms pmhms bçks y ik pmsojoiobkb bc bctcrgonkr cxkhtkgcntc ci `rkbm bc lugcbkb, hmn im huki kugcntk ik hkiobkb y sc rcbuhcn ims bcspcrbohoms. Hmgm mhurrc hmn ci schkbm bc korc iojrc cn ims schkbms krtoaohokics ik prmpmrhoøn bc schkbm vcnbrë bctcrgonkbk pmr ik tcgpcrkturk, ik lugcbkb rciktovk y ik aiucnhok bci korc. Sn khcptkjic çnbohc bc schkbm bcpcnbcrë bc b c ims so`uocntcs akhtmrcs6 - Cs Csp pch choc oc bc ik gkb kbcr crkk - Hu Huki kiob obkb kb bc ik gkb kbcr crkk - @r @rms msmr mr bc ik ikss poc poczk zkss k sc schk hkrr - Au Autu turk rk ut utoi oioz ozkh khoø oønn bc bc ik ik gkb gkbcr crkk
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hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O - Bo Borc rchh hhoø oønn bci bci kscr kscrrk rkbm bm K gmbm bc cfcgpim, lky cspchocs quc tmicrkn rotgms bc kscrrkbm gës rëpobm quc mtrks pmr lkjcr tcnobm un hrchogocntm gës hmntonum y rc`uikr, ki prmpom tocgpm quc kpcnks tocncn nubms. Cstk hiksc bc gkbcrks sc schkrën gës rëpobm quc mtrks bc onacromr hkiobkb. Lkjrë poczks `rucsks quc tcn`kn un cicvkbm hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb y scrën gës prmpcnsks k iks tcnsomncs ontcrnks y, pmr tkntm, ki k`roctkgocntm. Tkrk cvotkr cstm lkjrë quc tcncr socgprc cn hucntk quc ims tkjimncs `rucsms tocncn tocgpms bc schkbm gës cspkhokbms quc ims tkjimncs aonms. Tmr öitogm, ik borchhoøn bci kscrrkbm onhobc cn ik gkncrk bc rckiozkr ci schkbm, pucstm quc ci vkpmr bc k`uk sc boaunbc gës rëpobkgcntc cn ci scntobm rkboki quc cn ci scntobm tkn`cnhoki. Nmrgkigcntc, sc schkrë ik gkbcrk lkstk kbquoror un cquoiojrom bci hmntcnobm khumsm bci ;: pmr hocntm, cn ims pkçscs bc hiogk tcgpikbm. Ik rkzøn nm cs mtrk quc ïstc cs ci prmgcbom quc bcjcn kihknzkr pkrk scr pucstks cn scrvohom. Cs bchor, hmgm hkbk cspchoc bc gkbcrk tocnc sus prmpoks hkrkhtcrçstohks (bcnsobkb, hmntrkhhoøn, rcikhoøn cntrc hmntrkhhomncs cn borchhoøn trknsvcrski y rcsostcnhok), ik vcimhobkb bc schkbm lkjrë quc rc`uikrik cn aunhoøn bc ims vkimrcs hkrkhtcrçstohms quc tcn`k ik gkbcrk, sc kpiohkrë un prm`rkgk bc schkbm boacrcntc pkrk hkbk cspchoc bc gkbcrk. Cntrc iks vcntkfks quc tocnc cstc schkbm pmbcgms bcstkhkr6 - Xc pucb pucbcc iic`k iic`krr ki pun puntm tm bc bc schkb schkbmm quc quc sc quo quocrk crk.. - Ims tocgpms tocgpms bc schkb schkbmm vkn k scr scr socgprc socgprc gës gës hmrtms hmrtms quc ci schkbm schkbm ki ki korc iojrc. iojrc. Tmr Tmr cstc gïtmbm sc tkrbkrë bçks m scgknks. - Ik tcgpcrktu tcgpcrkturk rk cicvkbk cicvkbk cstcroi cstcroiozk ozk ik gkbcrk gkbcrk,, nm cxostocn cxostocnbm bm pcio`rm pcio`rm bc onschtm onschtmss no pubrohomn pubrohomncs. cs. Rkgpmhm im lkjrë bc kzuikbms. Ik pronhopki bcsvcntkfk bc cstc topm bc schkbm rkbohk cn ik sc akhoiobkb bc ik gkbcrk pkrk rkfkrsc, bcamrgkrsc m hmikpskrsc, bkbk ik vcimhobkb k ik quc sc schk. Kbcgës, ci `kstm cn cncr`çk cs guy cicvkbm, ki o`uki quc ik onvcrsoøn onohoki, socnbm ims hmstcs bc gkntcnogocntm nmrgkics. Kntcs bc cstubokr ims gïtmbms bc schkbm hkjc rcscûkr quc bc amrgk krtcsknki sc pucbc lkhcr un prmhcsm bc bcslugcboaohkhoøn bc ik gkbcrk quc nm pksk bc scr unk smiuhoøn bc hmgprmgosm. Xc trktkrçk bc un rcaro`crkbmr quc cnarçk ci korc y hkusk lugcbkb bc hmnbcnskhoøn. Ci korc arçm y schm sc hkiocntk iuc`m k trkvïs bci hkimr hcbobm pmr ci prmhcsm bc cnarokgocntm y smpikbm, `rkhoks k un vcntoikbmr quc khtukrë k trkvïs bc ik hëgkrk bmnbc sc lk hmimhkbm ik gkbcrk k schkr. Cstc krtoiu`om tocnc un hmstc gmbcrkbm.
K. Xch Xchkbm kbm cn hëgk hëgkrk rk (sch (schkbc kbcrm) rm) Ci schkbm krtoaohoki bc ik gkbcrk tocnc iu`kr cn onstkikhomncs quc, pmr im `cncrki, smn hëgkrk gctëiohks bc khcrm m kiugonom, hmn pkrcbcs y tchlms hmn prmtchhoøn hkimrçau`k. Ims schkbcrms vkn prmvostms bc cquopms c onstkikhomncs quc `rkbökn m rc`uikn ik lugcbkb, tcgpcrkturk (pcrgotc kihknzkr tcgpcrkturks bc lkstk ?4 `rkbms) y horhuikhoøn bci korc (hmrrocntc bc korc trknsvcrski k ik gkbcrk huyk vcimhobkb cs bc ; ø : g/s), bc gmbm quc ci hiogk rcsuitc ci kbchukbm pkrk ci schkbm bc ik gkbcrk. Cntrc ims bovcrsms cquopms pmbcgms hotkr ik onstkikhoøn bc hkicakhhoøn, tujcrçk bc kspcrsoøn, gmtmr hmn vcntoikbmr kxoki, vëivuiks bc cntrkbk bc korc bci cxtcromr y skiobk. Hmn ik kyubk bci bospmsotovm bc kspcrsoøn sc pucbc rmhokr ik hëgkrk hmn vkpmr bc k`uk y hmn ci bc ik hkicakhhoøn hkicntkr ci korc. Kgjms cquopms pcrgotcn kihknzkr ik lugcbkb rciktovk bci korc nchcskrok cn hkbk hksm pkrk ci prmhcsm bc schkbm bc ik gkbcrk. Gcbokntc ci vcntoikbmr sc `cncrkn hmrrocntcs bc korc quc horhuikn k trkvïs bc iks poiks bc gkbcrk. Tmr su pkrtc, hmn ims cquopms bc skiobk y cntrkbk bc korc sc hmnso`uc ik cxpuisoøn bci korc skturkbm bc vkpmr bc k`uk, bknbm cntrkbk k korc arcshm nm skturkbm. hcp cbotmroki }
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Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc Ik gkbcrk pksk pmr honhm akscs a kscs burkntc cstc prmhcsm bc schkbm6 - Hk Hkic icnt ntkg kgoc ocnt ntmm bci bci korc korc bci bci sch schkb kbcr crm. m. - Hki Hkicnt cntkgo kgocnt cntmm bc ik gkbc gkbcrk rk quc quc sc cnhuc cnhucntr ntrkk cn ci sch schkbc kbcrm. rm. - Trmhcsm Trmhcsm bc bcschkhoøn bcschkhoøn kprmp kprmpokbm okbm gcboknt gcbokntcc ik kpiohkho kpiohkhoøn øn bc korc korc bc cntrkbk cntrkbk hkiocn hkiocntc tc y kspcrso kspcrsoøn øn bci vkpmr. - Khm Khmnboh nbohomn omnkgo kgocnt cntm, m, cs bcho bchor, r, aofkho aofkhoøn øn bc ik lugc lugcbkb bkb aonki aonki.. - Cn Cnar arok okgo gocn cnttm ic icnt ntm. m. Ci sostcgk bc rc`uikhoøn bci schkbcrm cs quozë ik pkrtc gës scnsojic bc tmbm ci prmhcsm. Lmy cn bçk, sc rc`uik gcbokntc un mrbcnkbmr quc tocnc iks so`uocntcs tcrgonkics6 - Rcrgonki Rcrgonki pkrk pkrk gcbor ik tcgpcrkt tcgpcrkturk urk bc ik ik hëgkrk6 hëgkrk6 Xc rckioz rckiozkk gcbokntc gcbokntc scnsmrc scnsmrcs, s, cntrc cntrc ims quc quc bcstkhkgms ci scnsmr bc boiktkhoøn y rcsostcnhoks ciïhtrohks. - Rcrgonki Rcrgonki pkrk pkrk bctcrgon bctcrgonkr kr ik lugcbk lugcbkb b bc ik gkbcrk6 gkbcrk6 Tkrk Tkrk im quc quc sc hmnchtk hmnchtknn gcbobmrcs gcbobmrcs cn cn vkroks gkbcrks bci topm bc ims lo`røgctrms. - Rcrgonki Rcrgonki pkrk pkrk hmnmhcr hmnmhcr ik ik lugcbkb lugcbkb rciktov rciktovkk bc ik hëgkr hëgkrk6 k6 Tkrk Tkrk ciim, ciim, lkjrë lkjrë un scnsm scnsmrr bc lugcbkb rciktovk bci korc, bcstkhknbm ci psohøgctrm y quc cstë amrgkbm pmr bms tcrgøgctrms. Ims sostcgks gës gmbcrnms smn ims bc scnsmr bc hkjciim, himrurm bc iotom m hkpkhotovms ‘cstms gobcn ik hkpkhobkb ciïhtrohk-. - Rcrgonki Rcrgonki pkrk pkrk hmnmhcr hmnmhcr ik LCL LCL bc ik hëgkrk hëgkrk66 Jkskbm Jkskbm cn un xoimlo xoimlo`røgct `røgctrm rm hmimhkbm hmimhkbm smjrc smjrc unk hlkpk bc gkbcrk m smjrc unk pikhk bc hciuimsk. k) Hi Hiks kscs cs bc sc schk hkbm6 bm6 Iks bovcrsks hikscs bc schkbm sc cstkjichcn cn aunhoøn bc ik tcgpcrkturk bc schkbm quc sc utoiozk burkntc ci prmhcsm. Ksç, pmbcgms boston`uor6 Xchkbm k tcgpcrkturk nmrgki6 Cs ci gës hmrrocntc cn ci schkbcrm. Xc uskn tcgpcrkturks quc mshoikn cntrc 23 `rkbms y ?4 `rkbms, schënbmsc hmn unk ontcnsk hmrrocntc bc korc lkstk ik lugcbkb aonki bcsckbk. Hmn cstc sostcgk sc schkn tmbk hiksc bc gkbcrks hmn bostontms cspcsmrcs y k ims vkimrcs hmrrocntcs bc schkbm aonki. Xchkbm k jkfk tcgpcrkturk6 Ci schkbm k jkfk tcgpcrkturk iicvk ik gkbcrk søim k unk lugcbkb aonki bci :4%, pcrm søim cs kprmpokbm hmgm schkbm prcvom. Xc pucbcn utoiozkr bms sostcgks boacrcntcs6 cn ci progcrm, ik tcgpcrkturk bci schkbcrm sc gkntocnc bc 84 `rkbms k 83 `rkbms lkstk iic`kr ki :4% bc lugcbkb kprmxogkbkgcntc5 cn ci sc`unbm sostcgk ik tcgpcrkturk bci schkbcrm sc rc`uik bc tki gkncrk quc ïstk hmonhobc hmn ik lugcbkb hkgjokntc lkstk quc sc hmnso`uc iic`kr ki :4% bc lugcbkb. Cn kgjms sostcgks, ci schkbm aonki sc prmbuhc k hmntonukhoøn cn un schkbcrm nmrgki. Xchkbm k kitks tcgpcrkturks6 Iks tcgpcrkturks quc sc utoiozkn mshoikn cntrc ims <4 `rkbms y ims ;84 `rkbms. K ik gkbcrk ksç bcschkbk nm sc ic pobcn `rknbcs cxo`cnhoks bc hkiobkb.
J. Xc Xchk hkbm bm pmr pmr hmn hmnbc bcns nskh khoø oøn n Xc trktk bc hkicntkgocntms y cnarokgocntms kitcrnktovms bci korc quc sc im`rkn pmr ci bcnmgonkbm schkbmr bc hmnbcnskhoøn, quc pucbc cstkr kimfkbm m bcntrm m aucrk bc ik hëgkrk bci schkbcrm y quc trkjkfk hmgm so bc un aro`mrçaohm sc trktkrk. Cs bchor, sc trktk bc hrckr unk ktgøsacrk schk kircbcbmr bc ik gkbcrk. Ci aunhomnkgocntm scrçk ci so`uocntc6 ci korc bc ik hëgkrk quc kjsmrjc ik lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk cs ksporkbm pmr ci schkbmr bc hmnbcnskhoøn y hmnbuhobm pmr un cvkpmrkbmr, bmnbc sc cnarçk lkstk pmr bcjkfm bci puntm bc hmnbcnskhoøn. Ik lugcbkb prcscntc cn ci korc sc bcshkr`k hmgm k`uk y cs ;3<
hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O hmnbuhobk ki cxtcromr. Ci korc ksç bcslugchtkbm sc rchkiocntk k hmntonukhoøn y vucivc k kjsmrjcr ik lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk. Ci prmhcsm sc rcpotc suhcsovkgcntc lkstk quc ik gkbcrk tcn`k ik lugcbkb quc sc prctcnbc. Cstc topm bc schkbm cs kprmpokbm pkrk gkbcrks quc tcn`kn un schkbm huobkbmsm. Xc rckiozkn k tcgpcrkturks pmr bcjkfm bc ims 24 `rkbms, ciogonknbm ci rocs`m bc `roctks y b camrgkhomncs y cvotknbm ci rcschkbm, hkgjom bc hmimr m hmikpsm hciuikr. Kbcgës, lky quc tcncr cn hucntk quc cstc topm bc schkbm cs gës icntm quc ci kntcromr, pucs sc nchcsotkn scgknks m gcscs pkrk hmgpictkr ci schkbm. Khtukigcntc, sc lkn onhmrpmrkbm, pkrk kugcntkr ik rkpobcz, rcsostcnhoks ciïhtrohks quc pcrgotcn sujor ik tcgpcrkturk vkroms `rkbms. Xøim sc pucbc ciogonkr ik lugcbkb lkstk ci ;: pmr hocntm. Cs unk onstkikhoøn guy scnhoiik quc rcquocrc gcnmr onvcrsoøn (nm lky nchcsobkb bc hkibcrk y ci hcrrkgocntm nm tocnc pmr quï scr kosikntc) y gcnms rocs`m bc bctcromrm pkrk ik gkbcrk burkntc ci prmhcsm. Xc trktk bc un sostcgk kprmpokbm pkrk iks pcqucûks y gcboknks cgprcsks, kunquc socgprc lkjrë quc tcncr cn hucntk ims cicvkbms hmstcs bc hmnsugm ciïhtrohm.
H. Xc Xchk hkbm bm ki vk vkhç hçmm Xc trktk bc un sostcgk guy nmvcbmsm, jkskbm cn ik vcimhobkb quc tocnc ci k`uk cn ik pkrcb hciuikr ki rcbuhor ik prcsoøn ktgmsaïrohk. Ik gkbcrk sc cnhucntrk cn unk hëgkrk huym korc sc gknopuik bc gmbm quc søim cfcrhc unk pcqucûk prcsoøn smjrc ik gkbcrk. Ik hmnschucnhok cs quc ik cvkpmrkhoøn bci k`uk quc hmntocnc ik gkbcrk sc lkhc k gkymr vcimhobkb quc so sc prmbufcrk k unk prcsoøn ktgmsaïrohk nmrgki. Cs bchor, ki kugcntkr ik vcimhobkb bc horhuikhoøn cn ci ontcromr bc ik gkbcrk bosgonuyc ci `rkbocntc bc lugcbkb y, pmr tkntm, iks tcnsomncs bc schkbm. Lky quc tcncr cn hucntk quc ik tcgpcrkturk bci puntm bc cjuiiohoøn bci k`uk bosgonuorë ki rcbuhorsc ik prcsoøn ktgmsaïrohk. Ksç, hmn pcqucûks tcgpcrkturks sc pucbc ciogonkr aëhoigcntc ci k`uk bc ik gkbcrk, nm tcnocnbm quc kihknzkr `rknbcs tcgpcrkturks. Bc amrgk csqucgëtohk unk hëgkrk bc vkhçm bospmnc bc vcntoikbmr, sostcgk bc hkicakhhoøn y rc`uikhoøn bc ik lugcbkb. Ik `rkn vcntkfk bc cstc sostcgk rkbohk cn quc cs gës rëpobm quc hukiquocr mtrm y nm cxostc non`ön topm bc rocs`ms bc rkfkburks m acnbks. Ik bcsvcntkfk cstrojk cn quc ci k`uk iojrc tkrbk cn ciogonkrsc im gosgm quc cn ci rcstm bc sostcgks, cs bchor, hmgm yk lcgms scûkikbm kntcromrgcntc, cs guy rëpobm pkrk ci k`uk hmntcnobk cn iks pkrcbcs hciuikrcs, pcrm ci tocgpm cn rcbuhor ci k`uk iojrc cs sogoikr ki bci rcstm bc sostcgks krtoaohokics. Ksç, ci sostcgk bc schkbm cn vkhçm sc usk aunbkgcntkigcntc a unbkgcntkigcntc cn iks öitogks akscs bci prmhcsm bc schkbm. Xøim cs kpiohkjic huknbm sc trktk bc hkntobkbcs pcqucûks bc gkbcrk quc tocncn quc schkr hmn huobkbms cspchokics y hmn rkpobcz.
B. Xch Xchkbm kbm pmr pmr kitk kitk arch archucn ucnhok hok Ik vcntkfk bc cstc sostcgk rkbohk cn quc ik gkbcrk sc hkiocntk bc amrgk rëpobk cn su ontcromr k un tocgpm onhrcçjicgcntc hmrtm. Ik bcsvcntkfk cstrojk cn ci lchlm bc quc gkbcrks hmgm ci rmjic m ci lkyk hkgjokn bc hmimr so sc ics kpiohk cstc sostcgk. C. Xc Xchk hkbm bm hm hmn n ona onark rkrrm rrmfm fmss Cs ci quc kprmvchlk ci hkimr bc ik rkbokhoøn bc ik jknbk onarkrrmfk bci cspchtrm pkrk ci hkicntkgocntm bc ik gkbcrk k schkr. Rocnc ci onhmnvcnocntc bc quc ci schkbm søim sc im`rk pmr cxpmsohoøn borchtk k ims rkyms bc ik supcraohoc bc ik gkbcrk y ksç søim sc pucbcn schkr gkbcrks bc pmhm cspcsmr.
hcp cbotmroki }
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Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc
2.
BCAC BC ACHR HRMX MX BC BCZO ZOQ QKBM BMX X BC BCI I XC XCHK HKBM BM
Sn gki schkbm bc ik gkbcrk so`noaohk bcprchokhoøn bc su hkiobkb. Cn ci schkbm nkturki ims akiims tocncn iu`kr hmgm hmnschucnhok bc kpoikgocntms onbcjobms m hmnbohomncs hiogëtohks knmrgkics. Tmr ci hmntrkrom, cn ci schkbm krtoaohoki iks hkusks lky quc jushkriks cn un gki aunhomnkgocntm bc iks onstkikhomncs.
K. Zcschkbm Xc cntocnbc pmr rcschkbm ci schkbm bcso`uki bc ik gkbcrk y su hmnso`uocntc k`roctkgocntm. Ik hkusk aunbkgcntki rkbohk cn un schkbm cxhcsovkgcntc rëpobm cn ci quc iks hkpks cxtcrnks bc ik gkbcrk pocrbcn guy rëpobm ik lugcbkb, hmn im huki ïstks sc hmntrkcn c ontcrrugpcn pmr jimqucm ci pksm bc ik lugcbkb ontcrnk lkhok ci cxtcromr. Ki qucbkr ci k`uk kigkhcnkbk cn iks zmnks ontcrnks kpkrchcrën cn iks hkpks cxtcrnks tcnsomncs quc hmniicvkrën `roctks supcraohokics. Ci rcgcbom scrçkn iks kspcrsomncs ongcboktks. J. Bc Bcam amrg rgkh khoø oøn n bc ik ik gkbc gkbcrk rk Ik gkbcrk sc pucbc bcamrgkr burkntc ci schkbm pmrquc ik hmntrkhhoøn bc ïstk nm sc vcroaohk bc amrgk unoamrgc, bcjobm k quc ik lugcbkb vkrçk k im ikr`m bci trmnhm. Ik pkrtc pcroaïrohk bci ërjmi schk gës rëpobkgcntc, pmr scr gës pmrmsk y tcncr ims vksms gës `rucsms quc ik pkrtc ontcromr m hmrkzøn bci ërjmi, quc cstë gës io`noaohkbk y gës schk. Cstk hmntrkhhoøn bcso`uki bc ik gkbcrk (gkymr cn ik pcroacrok bci ërjmi quc cn ci hmrkzøn) prmbuhc bcamrgkhomncs hurvknbm m kikjcknbm iks poczks. Cn ci hurvkbm bc ik gkbcrk, kgjks hkrks sc hurvkrën hmn rcspchtm ki cfc trknsvcrski bc ik poczk. Cn ci kikjcm bc iks poczks ims hkntms sc hurvkrën bc tki amrgk quc iks huktrm csquonks bc unk gosgk hkrk nm qucbkn cn ci gosgm piknm. Tmr mtrk pkrtc, unk poczk bc gkbcrk sc kjkrquoiikrë huknbm kgjks hkrks sc hurvkn hmn rcspchtm ki cfc imn`otubonki bc ik poczk, gocntrks quc cxostorë krrmgjkbm huknbm lkyk bostmrsoøn cn ik schhoøn bc ik poczk, cs bchor, sc pocrbc ik mrtm`mnkiobkb bc ims ikbms kbykhcntcs. Ci mro`cn bc cstks bcamrgkhomncs pucbc cstkr cn ci kpoikbm y cn ci cnrkstrcikbm, yk sck pmr cspcsmrcs onkbchukbms, bostknhok onsuaohocntc cntrc ims rkstrcics, cspcsmr bcso`uki bc rkstrcics, schhomncs nm hukbrkbks cn ims rkstrcics. Rkgjoïn pmbcgms cnhmntrkr iks hkusks burkntc ci prmpom schkbm, yk sck pmr vcntoikhomncs onsuaohocntcs, unk gkik horhuikhoøn bc korc quc pucbc scr orrc`uikr, y unk akitk bc cstknqucobkb. Hkjc bcstkhkr kbcgës quc, so ik lugcbkb nm sc bostrojuyc bc unk amrgk rc`uikr, sc pmbrë gknoacstkr cstk orrc`uikrobkb bc iks so`uocntcs amrgks6 cn unk hkrk m hkntm rcspchtm bci mtrm, k im ikr`m bc ik poczk m bcntrm bc unk gosgk schhoøn bc ik poczk. Cn ci hksm bc quc iks bcamrgkhomncs tcn`kn su mro`cn cn un gki kpoikbm m cnrkstrcikbm, ik smiuhoøn cstkrë cn hmimhkrims hmn iks bcjobks scpkrkhomncs quc pcrgotkn ci hmrrchtm aiufm bci korc y pmncr rkstrcics hmn cspcsmrcs kbchukbms. Lky quc tcncr cn hucntk quc ci schkbcrm sc uskrë kprmvchlknbm ki gëxogm su hkpkhobkb, tkntm pmr rkzmncs chmnøgohks, hmgm pkrk cvotkr horhuikhomncs orrc`uikrcs bc korc. Huknbm ims bcachtms smn hkuskbms pmr iks gkiks onstkikhomncs bc schkbm, ik önohk smiuhoøn pmsojic pksk pmr cvotkriks lkhocnbm iks hmrrcspmnbocntcs ikjmrcs bc gkntcnogocntm. Ims bcachtms bc orrc`uikrobkbcs bc lugcbkb cntrc hkrks, hkntms m tcstks sc bcjcn k unk gkik bostrojuhoøn bc korc cn ci schkbcrm, quc pucbc scr pmr unk gkik onstkikhoøn m pmr un gki kpoikgocntm m hmimhkhoøn bc rkstrcics. Ik smiuhoøn cstkrë cn hmrrc`or csms crrmrcs. Huknbm cxostc unk onhmrrchtk bostrojuhoøn cn ik unk schhoøn ik smiuhoøn pkskrë pmr un hmrrchtm lmgm`cncozkbm, quc cs iicvkr ik hëgkrk k unks hmnbohomncs lo`rmtïrgohks quc pcrgotkn quc iks poczks gës schks kjsmrjkn ik lugcbkb gocntrks quc iks gës lögcbks hmntonöcn hm ntonöcn schënbmsc.
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hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O H. Ac Acnb nbks ks bc sc schk hkbm bm Kbcgës bc iks `roctks hmnschucnhok bc ims rcschkbms, tkgjoïn nms pmbcgms cnhmntrkr hmn `roctks hkpoikrcs y bc tcstk. Iks progcrks smn guy aonks y sc prmbuhcn cn iks hkrks bc iks tkjiks, sc pmbrën cvkiukr pmr su nögcrm, imn`otub y prmaunbobkb hmn rcspchtm k pktrmncs cstkjichobms. Iks `roctks bc tcstk smn hmnschucnhok bc schkbms rëpobms y sc bkn cn ims cxtrcgms bc ik gkbcrk bc socrrk, puboïnbmsc boston`uor cntrc rkfks (ik acnbk ktrkvocsk ik poczk bc amrgk quc kachtk k iks bms hkrks), `roctks (ik acnbk nm ktrkvocsk ik poczk) y acnbks ontcrnks quc sc bcskrrmiikn cn ci ontcromr bc ik poczk son kachtkr k ik supcraohoc, sc pmbrën mjscrvkr cn iks schhomncs trknsvcrskics bc ik poczk. Ci mro`cn bc tmbks iks acnbks rkbohk cn quc k gcbobk quc kvknzk ci schkbm, pmr bcjkfm bci puntm bc skturkhoøn bc ik aojrk, sc prmbuhorën boacrcnhoks bc hmntrkhhoøn cntrc hkpks hmnto`uks y pmr tcnsomncs quc supcrkn ik rcsostcnhok k ik trkhhoøn gchënohk. Zcspchtm k iks acnbks bc tcstk, ki tcncr iks aojrks bc ik gkbcrk unk bospmsohoøn cn ik borchhoøn bc ik tkjik, ci schkbm sc prmbuhorë bc amrgk gës rëpobk pmr iks tcstks quc pmr ci rcstm bc ik gkbcrk. Bc cstk gkncrk sc hrck `rkbocntc bc lugcbkb k im ikr`m bc ik tkjik, socnbm cn iks tcstks gcnmr quc cn ci rcstm, gcrgknbm ïstks c ogpoboïnbmscim ki rcstm bc ik poczk. Xc hrckrën unk scroc bc tcnsomncs quc cn iks tcstks scrën bc trkhhoøn y cn ci rcstm bc hmgprcsoøn, so iks tcnsomncs bc trkhhoøn smn `rknbcs sc prmbuhorë ik rmturk bc ik gkbcrk y ik kpkrohoøn bc acnbks. Cn hukntm ki mro`cn bc iks acnbks hkpoikrcs, smn bcjobks k prmhcsms bc schkbm guy rëpobms, quc hrckrën unks aucrtcs tcnsomncs quc rmgpcrën ik gkbcrk pmr ik zmnk supcraohoki. Xocgprc quc cstks rmturks nm sckn guy nmtkjics, sc hmnsobcrkrën bcachtms icvcs. Nm mjstkntc mjstkntc lky quc tcncr cn hucntk quc socgprc supmnbrën quc lkn cxostobm tcnsomncs quc hmnvocnc ktcnukr. Cn ki`unks cspchocs krjørcks, iks `roctks hkpoikrcs socgprc skicn cn ims prmhcsms bc schkbm. Iks acnbks ontcrnks mjcbchcn ki hmikpsm bc ik gkbcrk m ki hcgcntkbm. Cn hukntm k iks smiuhomncs, pkrk cvotkr iks acnbks bc tcstk, jkstkrçk hmn cvotkr quc ci korc schkrk cstk pkrtc bc iks poczks cvotknbm quc horhuic cn ik borchhoøn imn`otubonki bc iks poczks. Jkstkrë hmn pmncr iks poczks cn borchhoøn pcrpcnbohuikr ki korc bmgonkntc (hksm bc schkbm ki korc iojrc) m bospmncr iks poiks pcrpcnbohuikrcs ki korc (hksm bc schkbm krtoaohoki). Cn ci hksm bc acnbks hkpoikrcs, sc rkicntozkrë ik gkrhlk bci schkbm pkrk rcbuhor ci `rkbocntc bc lugcbkb bc iks poczks. Xo sc trktkrk bc acnbks ontcrnks sc bcjcrë vkpmrozkr ik gkbcrk, cn ci hksm bc quc ik lugcbkb bci ontcromr bc iks poczks cgpochc k jkfkr ki puntm bc skturkhoøn bc ik aojrk, horhunstknhok quc mhurrc huknbm ik gkbcrk tocnc kircbcbmr bci :3% bc lugcbkb gcbok. Huknbm sc trktk bc gkbcrk bc kitk bcnsobkb y guy ncrvomsks sc sucic vkpmrozkr unk sc`unbk vcz huknbm ik gkbcrk mshoik cn ci ;3% bc lugcbkb.
B. Hk Hkgj gjom omss bc bc hmi hmimr mr Ims hkgjoms bc hmimr kpkrchcn prcacrcntcgcntc cn ims ërjmics armnbmsms, hmnschucnhok bc tcgpcrkturks bc schkbm bcgksokbm cicvkbks m bc kspcrsomncs bcgksokbm ikr`ks. Snk tcgpcrkturk pmr cnhogk bc 14 `rkbms rcbuhc io`crkgcntc ik rcsostcnhok bc ik gkbcrk y cn gkbcrks hmgm ci sohmgmrm sc vucivcn gës mshurks huknbm sc cxpmncn pmr cnhogk bc ims 34 `rkbms. Mtrks gkbcrks quc tkgjoïn hkgjokn bc hmimr k tcgpcrkturks cicvkbks scrçkn ci lkyk, ci ponm y ci arcsnm.
hcp cbotmroki }
;1;
Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc C. Hcgcntkbm Xc prmbuhc yk bcsbc iks progcrks akscs bci schkbm huknbm iks hkpks cxtcromrcs bc ik gkbcrk hmgocnzkn k schkr gocntrks quc iks ontcrnks pcrgknchcn skturkbks bc k`uk. Xo iks hkpks gës cxtcrnks bcshcnbocrkn k hmntcnobms bc lugcbkb pmr bcjkfm bci puntm bc skturkhoøn bc ik aojrk, hmgcnzkrën hmgcnzkrën iks gcrgks cn iks hkpks cxtcrnks, gocntrks quc iks ontcrnks ki hmntcncr lugcbkb nm lkrën ims gosgms gmvogocntms quc iks cxtcrnks. Bc cstk gkncrk ci schkbm hmntonukrë hmn iks hkpks cxtcrnks smgctobks k aucrzks bc trkhhoøn y iks ontcrnks k aucrzk bc hmgprcsoøn. hmgprcsoøn. Huknbm cn prmhcsms pmstcromrcs bci schkbm schkbm iks hkpks ontcrnks vkykn ciogonknbm `rkbms bc lugcbkb y iø`ohkgcntc gcrgknbm, iks hkpks cxtcrnks nm iks khmgpkûkrën cn cstc gmvogocntm, prmbuhoïnbmsc unk onvcrsoøn bc iks tcnsomncs (iks hkpks cxtcrnks qucbkn smgctobks k aucrzks bc hmgprcsoøn y iks ontcrnks k aucrzks bc trkhhoøn). Huknbm ci `rkbocntc bc lugcbkb cs guy kitm, ik aucrzk bc hmgprcsoøn bc iks hkpks cxtcromrcs pucbc iic`kr k scr tkn aucrtc quc pucbc ogpcbor ci aiufm bci k`uk lkhok ci cxtcromr. Cfcgpim bc hcgcntkbm cs huknbm unk gkbcrk lk sobm schkbk prcvokgcntc ki korc iojrc y pmstcromrgcntc sc ic ontrmbuhc cn un schkbcrm krtoaohoki. Tkrk cvotkr ci prmjicgk sc bcjcrçk onohokr ci schkbm bc hkimr vkpmrozknbm bc amrgk nmtkjic ik gkbcrk prcvokgcntc schkbk ki korc iojrc.
A. Hm Hmik ikps psmm hciu hciuik ikrr Cs ci lunbogocntm bc iks pkrcbcs hciuikrcs bc ik gkbcrk, quc sc gknoaocstk cn ci cxtcromr pmr unk mnbuikhoøn bc ik supcraohoc, prcscntënbmsc ims cxtrcgms hmn gkymr cspcsmr quc iks zmnks hcntrkics bc ik poczk. Xo iks poczks tuvocrkn unk schhoøn hukbrkbk prcscntkrë unk schhoøn io`crkgcntc rmgjmobki, tkgjoïn sc pmbrçkn cxtcromrozkr k trkvïs hurvkturks bci knhlm bc ik poczk, su kikjckgocntm, hurvkturk bci hkntm y hurvkturk bci piknm. Ci hmikpsm pmbrë kachtkr k ik tmtkiobkb bc ik poczk m k pkrtc bc ciiks, socnbm onlcrcntc ik kpkrohoøn bc `roctks ontcrnks quc bcprchokn ik gkbcrk bc amrgk hmnsobcrkjic, iic`knbm k lkhcrik onscrvojic. Xc trktk pucs bc un acnøgcnm rcikhomnkbm hmn iks aucrzks bc tcnsoøn hkpoikr quc sc gknoaocstkn cn iks pkrcbcs hciuikrcs burkntc ci schkbm. Huknbm hmgocnzk un prmhcsm bc schkbm ci k`uk kjknbmnk ik hïiuik k trkvïs bc unms gcnoshms sotukbms cn iks puntckburks gës pcqucûks, so iks hïiuiks tuvocrkn jurjufks bc korc, ik tcnsoøn quc hrck ik cvkpmrkhoøn bc ik jurjufk sc hmntrkrrcstk pmr ik cxpknsoøn bc ïstk. Xo ci iugcn hciuikr cstuvocrk iicnm bc k`uk, hmsk nmrgki cn iks progcrks akscs a kscs bci schkbm, ik tcnsoøn hkpoikr khtukrë smjrc iks pkrcbcs bc ik hïiuik5 so iks pkrcbcs nm aucrkn suaohocntcgcntc rcsostcntcs sc kpikstkrçk, iic`knbm ci hmikpsm. Ci hmikpsm sc vcrë akvmrchobm cn ims hksms pkrcbcs hciuikrcs aonks, tkgkûm bc ik puntckburk (hukntm gës pcqucûk gkymr prmjkjoiobkb bc hmikpsm) y bc ik kpiohkhoøn bc kitks tcgpcrkturks bc schkbm burkntc iks progcrks akscs bc ïstc. Cfcgpims bc cspchocs quc smn tcnbcntcs k hmikpskrsc6 nm`ki, cnhonk, hlmpm y cuhkioptm.
@. Mtrm Mtrmss pmsojics pmsojics akiim akiimss bci schkb schkbmm Sn schkbm cxhcsovm quc nm bcfk non`ön hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb cn ik gkbcrk iks vucivc onaicxojics y iks onutoiozk pkrk trkjkfms bc hurvkbm, tmrnm y tmncicrçk. Ci gcfmr rcgcbom pkrk hmrrc`or cstc akiim scrçk sogpicgcntc pmncr iks gkbcrks k rcgmfm burkntc unks lmrks pkrk quc hmfkn un hocrtm hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb. Rkgpmhm cs jucnm lkhcr un schkbm m hurkbm bc ik gkbcrk bcgksokbm icntm. Huknbm ims trmnhms sc kigkhcnkn gmfkbms y hmn hmrtczk, k ik smgjrk y cn iu`kr hmn pmhk m cshksk vcntoikhoøn, sc hmrrc ci pcio`rm bc quc ims trmnhms sc pubrkn bc amrgk rëpobk. Ik hmrtczk bc ik gkbcrk rctrksk ci schkbm, pcrm prmtc`c k iks gkbcrks bci korc y ci smi. K vchcs, smjrc tmbm pkrk gkbcrks quc prchoskn un ikr`m schkbm, sc lkhcn gucshks cn ik hmrtczk pkrk pcrgotor unk gcfmr trknsporkhoøn y schkbm.
;1:
hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O Iks cxubkhomncs smn onlcrcntcs k ik gkbcrk. Xc prmbuhorën socgprc pmr kaimrkgocntm lkhok ci cxtcromr bc sustknhoks bc ogprc`nkhoøn bcjobm k iks aucrtcs tcnsomncs quc sc bcskrrmiikn smjrc cicgcntms knktøgohms bc ik gkbcrk k gcbobk quc sc hmntrkc burkntc ci schkbm. Tkrk cvotkriks ik smiuhoøn cs rkicntozkr ik gkrhlk bci schkbm, pcrm cn ci hksm bc quc ik gkbcrk cstï guy ogprc`nkbk, iks cxubkhomncs scrën oncvotkjics.
hcp cbotmroki }
;18
Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc
1.
@SOØN ZCXSGCN
;. ON ONRZ RZMB MBSH SHHO HOØN ØN :. LO@ZMXHMT LO@ZMXHMTOHOBKB OHOBKB BC IK GKBCZK. @ZKBMX BC LSGCBKB Ci k`uk quc sc cnhucntrk cn ik gkbcrk sc bcnmgonk lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk y sc cxprcsk cn un tkntm pmr hocrtm. Lugcbkb bc cquoiojrom lo`rmshøpohm Gcbobk bc lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk6 - Bc Bcsc schk hkho hoøn øn cn cn cstu cstuak ak m cns cnsky kymm bc sch schkb kbmm - Tm Tmrr gcbo gcbobk bk cn cn lo`r lo`røg øgct ctrm rm bc bc rcso rcsost stcn cnho hokk Nchcsobkb bc schkbm bc ik gkbcrk @rkbms bc lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk
8. TZ TZMH MHCX CXM M BC XCH XCHKB KBM M 8.; TZONH TZONHOTOMX OTOMX BCI BCI XCHKBM XCHKBM BC IK IK GKBCZK GKBCZK Qcimhobkb bc schkbm m vcimhobkb bci k`uk cn ci ontcromr bc ik gkbcrk Borchhoøn bci schkbm bc ik gkbcrk Khmnbohomnkbm y lmgm`cncozkbm
2. TZMHCBOGCN TZMHCBOGCNRMX. RMX. C[SOTMX C[SOTMX C ONXRKIKHOMNCX ONXRKIKHOMNCX 2.; XCHKB XCHKBM M NKRSZKI NKRSZKI BC BC IK GKBCZK GKBCZK Xchkbm ki korc iojrc Xchkbm cn kigkhïn bc gkbcrk Xchkbm nkturki khcicrkbm
2.: XCHKB XCHKBM M KZROAOHOK KZROAOHOKI I BC IK GKBC GKBCZK ZK Xchkbm cn hëgkrk (schkbcrm)6 - K tcg tcgpc pcrk rktu turk rk nm nmrg rgki ki - K jk jkfk fkss tcg tcgp pcr crkt ktur urks ks - K kit kitks ks tc tcg gpc pcrk rktu turk rkss Xchkbm pmr hmnbcnskhoøn Xchkbm ki vkhçm Xchkbm pmr kitk archucnhok Xchkbm pmr onarkrrmfms
3. BCACH BCACHRMX RMX BCZO BCZOQKB QKBMX MX BCI XCHKB XCHKBM M Zcschkbm Bcamrgkhoøn bc ik gkbcrk Acnbks bc schkbm ;12
hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O Hkgjoms bc hmimr Hcgcntkbm Hmikpsm hciuikr Mtrms pmsojics akiims bci schkbm
hcp cbotmroki }
;13
Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc
0.
JOJIOM@ZKAÇK - KJC JCI IIK GONK, O., Ci lmgjrc y ik gkbcrk. gkbcrk . Qmiugcn O. ZJK Ontc`rki. :448 - ËIQK ËIQKZC ZCV, V, L. y XCM XCMKN KNC, C, O. O.,, Hmntcnobm bc lugcbkb bc ik gkbcrk sc`ön su cgpicm. cgpicm . Cb. KOROG. Gkbrob, nögcrm ;;2, ;?<8. - Joji Jojiom omtc tchk hk Kt Ktro roug ug bc ik Gk Gkbc bcrk rk.. Ik gkbcrk. Qmiugcn O. Hmichhoøn tïhnohk bc jojiomtchks prmacsomnkics. Cbotmroki Ktroug. ;? - CBCJÏ. Rchnmim`çk bc ik gkbcrk. gkbcrk. Mjrk tcørohm prëhtohk oiustrkbk. Cbotmroki Cbcjï. ;?13 - NSRXHL, P., Rchnmim`çk bc ik gkbcrk y bci gucjic. gucjic. Cbotmroki Zcvcrtï. :444 - QO@N @NM MRC TCÛ CÛK K, X. X., Rchnmim`çk bc ik gkbcrk. gkbcrk . Cbotmroki GT. :443
;11
hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O
<.
KNC\M BOJSFMX6 ;. CACHRMX BCAMZGKH BCAMZGKHOØN OØN BC IK GKBCZK GKBCZK TMZ TMZ HMNRZKHHOØN HMNRZKHHOØN CN ASNHOØN ASNHOØN BCI ROTM BC HMZRC HMZRC RKN@CNHOKI
HMZRC GO\RM
HMZRC NCRKGCNRC RKN@CNHOKI
>;3%
;3%
9;3% HMZRC RKN@CNHOKI TKZHOKI
HMZRC GO\RM
HMZRC NCRKGCNRC RKN@CNHOKI
>;3%
>;3%
9;3%
hcp cbotmroki }
;10
Kntmnom Iuos Xkgknoc`m Xkstrc :. CACHRMX BCAMZGKHO BCAMZGKHOØN ØN BC IKGKBCZK IKGKBCZK TMZ TMZ HMNRZKHOØN HMNRZKHOØN CN ASNHOØN BC IKX BOXRONRKX VMNKX BC IK XCHHOØN RZKNXQCZXKI BC SN ZMIIOVM BC GKBCZK
8. BCA BCAMZG MZGKHO KHOMNC MNCXX BSZKN BSZKNRC RC CI XCHK XCHKBM BM
HSZQKBM _ KIKJCM CN RKJIK KI HSKZRM HMZRCX TKZKICIMX GCZGK CN KNHLSZK
RKJIK KI HSKZRM HMNRZKHHOØN BCXO@SKI
HMNRZKHHOØN IMN@ORSBONKI
;1<
hcp cbotmroki }
Trmacsmrcs bc Cnscûknzk Xchunbkrok. Trmhcsms y Trmbuhtms cn Gkbcrk y Gucjic. Qmi. O
HSZQKRSZK KI KNHLM
KIKJCKGOCNRM
HSZQKRSZK BC HKNRM
HSZQKRSZK BC KNHLM
hcp cbotmroki }
;1?