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ekp kbothrola }
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Lgthgoh Auos Ulclgokih Ulstrk
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OGRZHB[EEOÕG
Boekg ahs vokmhs kjlgostls y elrpogtkrhs quk ka ckmhr aomlbh rksobk kg gh ihapklr go blülr als clbkrls ehg als quk sk trljlml. Uokgbh kstl lnorcleoõg thtlackgtk eokrtl, sokcprk dljrì quk aomlr als pokzls bk clbkrl lgtks bk prhekbkr l su leljlbh nogla plrl kaocoglr thbhs ahs rlyhgks y ihapks quk pubokrl tkgkr6 l ckghs ihapks y rlyhgks, ckghs aomlbh. Kg kstk tkcl vkrkchs ahs bostogths tophs bk ljrlsovhs y aomls quk kxostkg, lsã ehch als bostogtls cìquogls quk kxostkg plrl nleoaotlr ka aomlbh. Kg eulgth l als elrletkrãstoels bk als supkrnoeoks aomlbls, sk palgtklrì kstl prkiugtl bksbk ka pugth bk vostl bk eõch bkjk kstlr al clbkrl prkplrlbl plrl su leljlbh. Ks eokrth quk ka aomlbh bk al clbkrl ks al ýatocl hpkrleoõg quk sk tokgk quk prhbueor lgtks bka leljlbh, pkrh bkjkchs tkgkr cìs nlethrks kg eukgtl plrl ehgsobkrlr quk ugl supkrnoeok kstì prkplrlbl plrl rkeojor ug leljlbh nogla. Uk bkjk bkskedlr al obkl bk quk ka aomlbh bk ugl pokzl bk clbkrl ks nugeoõg bk lprkgboeks kg ahs tlaakrks. Uk trltl bk ugl hpkrleoõg nugblckgtla kg al kaljhrleoõg bk ug cukjak. Kg ug kstuboh rklaozlbh phr ugl irlg nìjroel bk cukjaks, bkchstrlrhg quk al clyhrãl bk als bkvhaueohgks bk cukjaks l nìjroel rksobãlg kg prhjakcls rkaleohglbhs ehg ahs knkeths bk al ckelgozleoõg bk al clbkrl, quk gh dljãlg sobh kaocoglbhs burlgtk al nlsk bk aomlbh.
:. AO AOML MLBH BH BK AL CL CLBK BKZL ZL _ BKZ BKZO^ O^LB LBHU HU Aomlr ugl pokzl bk clbkrl ks shcktkral l hpkrleohgks quk dlilg bkslplrkekr thbls als lspkrkzls, lstoaals y thbh bknketh quk pukbl rkpkreutor kg als hpkrleohgks bka leljlbh, utoaozlgbh bonkrkgtks cltkrolaks ljrlsovhs plrl rkbueor al nojrl bk al clbkrl y ehgskiuor ug leljlbh aosh. Bkspuïs bk thbh ka prheksh bk ckelgozleoõg bk al clbkrl, ïstl gh qukbl aosl, sogh ehg ugls aoikrls hgbualeohgks ehch rksuatlbh bka ehrtk ehg dkrrlcokgtls bk iorh eoreualr. Uo sk jlrgozlrl kg kstls ehgboeohgks ka ilsth kg jlrgoz skrãl cuy kakvlbh. Aomlgbh al clbkrl sk laosl kstl supkrnoeok ehg ah quk ka lgealmk bka jlrgoz kg al clbkrl vl l skr ckghs bonoeuathsh, prhbueokgbh ka cãgoch ilsth kg jlrgoz phsojak. Al aoml kstì nhrclbl phr trks kakckgths= kakckgths= l) Cl Cltk tkro rola la ljrl ljrlso sovh vh== Uk elrletkrozl phr su ehcphsoeoõg y phr ka gýckrh bk irlghs. Phr su ehcphsoeoõg, pukbk kstlr nhrclbh phr bolclgtk, elrjurh bk soeoaoh, hxobh bk laucogoh, irlgltk y eulrzh. Kg eulgth l su gýckrh bk irlghs, als aomls sk ealsonoelg phr ka gýckrh bk irlghs kg elbl puailbl eulbrlbl. Eulgbh ka irlgh ks irlgbk, ka gýckrh bk irlghs phr puailbl eulbrlbl ks pkquküh, y voekvkrsl. Ehckreolackgtk, sk kgeukgtrlg aomls bk irlgh g½ <: l irlgh g½ <:00, pkrh kg clbkrl sõah sk uslrìg als quk kstìg ehcprkgbobls kgtrk ahs gýckrhs 20 y >00. Ahs irlbhs bk aoml ghs ogboelg ka tlclüh bk al plrtãeual ljrlsovl y sk pukbkg ealsonoelr phr gýckrh, ghrclackgtk bka >00 la ;0. Ka gýckrh cìs lath ks al aoml cìs nogl y ka cìs jlmh, ka bk irlgh cìs iruksh. Plrl jruüor ahs leljlbhs noglaks dljrì quk uslr als aomls bk guckrleoõg cìs latl. Irlbhs bk aoml Cuy iruksh= gýckrhs ;0 y >0 Iruksh= gýckrhs 40 y <00 Ckboh= gýckrhs <:0, <;0 y <40 Nogh= gýckrhs ::0, :20 y :40 Cuy nogh= gýckrhs 5:0, 5>0, 200, ;00 y >00 <<0
ekp kbothrola }
Prhnkshrks bk Kgskülgzl Ukeugblrol. Prhekshs y Prhbueths kg Clbkrl y Cukjak. ^ha. OO Kg eulgth l al bostrojueoõg bka irlgh sk bostogiuk kgtrk= - Aomls bk bk elpl ljokr ljokrtl= tl= Ka shphrtk shphrtk sk rkeujrk rkeujrk bk bk aoml kg kg ug ;0%, ;0%, kvotlgbh kvotlgbh quk quk sk kcjhtk kcjhtk al al aoml y juselgbh cìs kalstoeoblb. Uhg ckmhrks plrl clbkrls jalgbls rksoghsls. r ksoghsls. - Aomls bk elpl ekrrlbl= ekrrlbl= Ka shphrtk shphrtk kstlrãl kstlrãl thtlack thtlackgtk gtk rkeujokrth rkeujokrth bk bk irlghs. irlghs. Als plrtãe plrtãeuals uals kstìg cuy ekrel ugls bk htrl y sk hjtokgkg aomlbhs rìpobhs, puks dly irlg gýckrh bk lrostls y pugths bk ehrtk. j) Uh Uhp phr hrttk= Ahs cìs utoaozlbhs shg ka plpka, ka tkxtoa h al ehcjogleoõg bk lcjhs. - Plpka= Plpka= Uk elrletkr elrletkrozl ozl phr phr su kselsl kselsl kalstoeo kalstoeoblb blb y bknhrcljo bknhrcljoaobl aoblb b phr kstorlco kstorlcokgth kgth.. Uk usl ghrclackgtk kg ahs aomlbhs l clgh y kg cìquogls bk jlmh l ckboh rkgbocokgth. Ahs plpkaks bk aomlr plrl ka leljlbh bk al clbkrl sk bovobkg kg bhs ealsks= plpkaks plrl ka trljlmh bk kjlgostkrãl y plpkaks plrl ka trljlmh bk leljlbh. - Plpkaks Plpkaks plrl plrl kjlgo kjlgostkrã stkrãl= l= Kg ikgkrla ikgkrla,, sk trlt trltll bk plpk plpkaks aks bk bk aoml aoml utoaozl utoaozlbhs bhs plrl plrl aomlr al clbkrl kg jruth. Uk ealsonoelg phr ka tlclüh bk su irlgh, bksbk irukshs y cuy irukshs plrl als prockrls hpkrleohgks hpkrleohgks bk ug aomlbh6 dlstl nogh y cuy cuy nogh plrl als hpkrleohgks noglaks bk aomlbh. Ksths plpkaks plrl kjlgostkrãl pukbkg utoaozlrsk ehg eulaquokrl bk ahs tophs bk ljrlsovh quk kxostkg kg ahs plpkaks plrl ka leljlbh. - Plpkaks Plpkaks plrl plrl leljlbh= leljlbh= Uk uslg uslg plrl plrl al hjtkgeo hjtkgeoõg õg bk ugl supkr supkrnoeok noeok aosl aosl y nogl, nogl, yl skl skl shjrk shjrk clbkrl jrutl h shjrk ugl supkrnoeok leljlbl. Uhjrk al clbkrl jrutl su noglaoblb ks al kaocogleoõg bk ahs lrlülzhs prhbueobhs phr al aoml bk irlgh iruksh. _ shjrk als supkrnoeoks leljlbls sk kcpaklg plrl rkbueor als orrkiualroblbks bk al supkrnoeok alelbl h jlrgozlbl, bìgbhak ugl supkrnoeok aosl bk tkxturl ugonhrck y, la cosch tokcph, tokcph, ug lrlülbh nogh quk pkrcotk al ckmhr lbdkrkgeol bk als elpls soiuokgtks bk leljlbh. Phbkchs bostogiuor ahs soiuokgtks tophs bk plpka bk leljlbh. * Plpka Plpka bk eulrzh= eulrzh= Rlgth Rlgth ahs plpka plpkaks ks bk kjlgost kjlgostll ehch ahs ahs plpkaks plpkaks bk leljl leljlbh bh pukbkg pukbkg hjtkgkrsk ehg ljrlsovh bk eulrzh. Uk pukbk rkehghekr phr ka togtk lclroaakgth bk al elpl ljrlsovl. Ks cuy kehgõcoeh, pkrh tokgk al bksvkgtlml bk quk sk ilstl bk nhrcl rìpobl pkrbokgbh ka eulrzh sus eulaoblbks bk ehrtk. * Plpka bk phavh phavh bk irlgltk= irlgltk= Bk jukgl jukgl elaoblb, elaoblb, sorvk sorvk tlgth tlgth plrl plrl clbkrls clbkrls jalgbls jalgbls ehch ehch clbkrls burls, sokgbh kspkeolackgtk ýtoa kg clbkrls rksoghsls. L bonkrkgeol bk htrhs ljrlsovhs, ïstk ks kspkeãnoeh plrl al clbkrl. Zklaozl ug ehrtk rìpobh, burl cuedh y ehgsoiuk ug leljlbh sulvk sog qukclr h tküor al clbkrl. Rhclg su ghcjrk bka cogkrla utoaozlbh ehch ljrlsovh, pubokgbh rkehghekrsk nìeoackgtk phr su ehahr, ug togtk rhmh thstlbh, quk nhrcl plrtãeuals burls bk lnoalbls lrostls y quk sk kgehalg shjrk ug plpka. * Plpka bk õxobh õxobh bk laucogoh laucogoh== Lbkeulbh Lbkeulbh plrl plrl aomlr aomlr clbkrls clbkrls burls bk irlg bkgsob bkgsoblb. lb. Uk nljroel kg dhmls bk tlclüh kstìgblr kstìgblr plrl trljlmhs l clgh y tlcjoïg tlcjoïg sk usl ehch ljrlsovh bk aomlbhrls kaïetroels. Kstì rkkcpalzlgbh bk nhrcl irlbula la plpka bk irlgltk plrl ka leljlbh bk al clbkrl. Kstì rkeujokrth bk nhrcl kaïetroel ehg õxobh cktìaoeh y tokgk ug ehahr irosìekh. Uus eulaoblbks ehch plpka bk leljlbh shg supkrohrks la rksth, bkjobh l su leeoõg bk ehrtk rìpobh y alril burleoõg. Uk pukbkg uslr plrl aomlr supkrnoeoks bk ihcl alel, jlrgoeks y alel. Ka tlclüh bka irlgh vl bksbk nogh (g½ 5:0) dlstl iruksh (g½ <00). * Plpka Plpka bk elrjurh elrjurh bk soaoeoh= soaoeoh= Prksk Prkskgtlb gtlbhh kg ehahr iros iros hseurh hseurh h gkirh, gkirh, ks bk cltkrol cltkrolaa sogtïtoeh y sk utoaozl shjrk thbh plrl jruüor cktlaks. Kg clbkrl sk usl sõah plrl puaor ekp kbothrola }
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Lgthgoh Auos Ulclgokih Ulstrk clbkrls cuy burls h kg lpaoeleohgks bk leljlbhs. Uus irlghs shg orrkiualrks y cuy liubhs, lskiurlgbh lsã ug ehrtk cuy rìpobh. rìpobh. Uk trltl bk ug plpka ljrlsovh rksostkgtk rksostkgtk la liul, phr tlgth lgtks bk su ush sk pukbk chmlr ehg liul h ehg laiýg toph bk boshavkgtk ah quk dlrì quk tkgil auilr ug ehrtk cìs rìpobh y nìeoa. Phr ah quk rkspketl l al ehgskrvleoõg bka plpka bk aomlr, als tkcpkrlturls lcjokgtks nlvhrljaks plrl ka laclekglcokgth bk ahs plpkaks ljrlsovhs shg als ehcprkgbobls kgtrk ahs <; y ahs :0 irlbhs y ehg ugl duckblb bka ;0% la >0%. Uo gh sk bokrlg kstls ehgboeohgks phbrãl suekbkr quk sk bknhrclrl ka ljrlsovh, sk rkskelrl h rkjalgbkeokrl ka liautoglgtk. L skr phsojak dly quk kvotlr ka laclekglcokgth prhahgilbh bk ahs ljrlsovhs, puksth quk ka liautoglgtk kgvkmkek. - Uhphrtk Uhphrtk tkxtoa= tkxtoa= Uk trltl trltl bk cltkrol cltkrolaa cìs kaìstoe kaìstoehh y nakxojak nakxojak quk ka bk ahs plpkak plpkaks. s. Uk pukbkg pukbkg bostogiuor ahs soiuokgtks tophs= tkal T rãiobl-pkslbl6 tkal M jlgbl-aoikrl6 tkal N aoikrl y nakxojak6 tkal R kxtrl-nakxojak. Als tkals cìs rksostkgtks sk kcpaklg plrl ka aomlbh l cìquogl, y als tkals cìs bïjoaks plrl ka aomlbh bk als chaburls. - Phrtlbhrks Phrtlbhrks bk irlghs irlghs ehcjog ehcjoglbhs= lbhs= Ehgst Ehgstlrãlg lrãlg bk vlrohs vlrohs plpk plpkaks aks rknhrzl rknhrzlbhs bhs phr phr tkal6 tkal6 su su ush ush nugblckgtla kstì kg als jlgbls bk aoml. Rokgkg ugl roiobkz rkaltovl y, phr kstl rlzõg, liulgtlg nukrtks shaoeotleohgks, ehch kg als aomlbhrls bk eoaogbrh y bk jlgbl lgedl. e) Lia Liahck hckrlg rlgtk tk (pk (pkilc ilckgt kgth)= h)= Uu nugeoõg skrì ugor ka shphrtk l ahs ljrlsovhs, sk pukbk bostogiuor b ostogiuor ahs soiuokgtks. - Ehals lgocl lgoclaks= aks= Uk trltl bk ehals ehals cuy skgsoj skgsojaks aks l al duckblb, duckblb, ka ka elahr elahr y liul. liul. Rlg shah shah sk uslg plrl aomls clgulaks. - Ehals bk urkl= urkl= Cuy rksos rksostkgtk tkgtkss l al duckblb duckblb y elahr, elahr, ks ks ka liahc liahckrlgtk krlgtk cìs uslbh plrl kg als aomls bkstoglbls l cìquogls bk aomlbh. - Eha Ehals ls nkgõao nkgõaoels els== Cuy rksos rksostkg tkgtks tks,, ehch als als lgtkroh lgtkrohrks rks,, l al duckblb duckblb y elahr. elahr.
5.
RÏEGOELU BKA AOMLBH
Ka aomlbh pukbk knketulrsk l clgh, ckbolgtk ekpoaah bk puaor, euedoaals y plpka bk aoml h jokg l cìquogl ckbolgtk aomlbhrls, sklg h gh phrtìtoaks, y elaojrlbhrls. Als hpkrleohgks bk aomlr gugel pukbkg skr oiulaks, puksth quk dly quk tkgkr kg eukgtl trks nlethrks= - Ka toph bk al clbkrl ehg al quk trljlmlchs . - Ocphrtlgeol bka trljlmh quk sk rklaozl . - Al ealsk bk trltlcokgth quk bkjk aakvlr ka trljlmh kg nugeoõg bk su ush. Gh ks ah cosch dlekr ug cukjak bk ogtkrohr quk ugl vkgtlgl bk kxtkrohr.
Plrl aomlr l clgh, sk liulgtl al aoml ehgtrl ug tleh bk ehredh h bk clbkrl (prknkrojakckgtk bk ìalch). Plrl aomlr chaburls ahs lprhpolbhs shg ughs tlehs kspkeolaks quk nhrclg ka ehgtrlpkrnoa bk al chaburl, ehg ka nog bk ehgskrvlr gãtobls als nhrcls bka pkrnoa bkspuïs bk vlrols plslbls ehg al aoml. Ehgvokgk sokcprk aomlr ehg al ckghr prksoõg phsojak, puks bk kstl clgkrl sk ehgskrvlg eh gskrvlg als lrostls bk ahs irlghs prhahgiìgbhsk al vobl bka ljrlsovh, al supkrnoeok qukbl cìs aosl y ks ckghr ka ehgsuch bk kgkriãl. Ksth ks ocphrtlgtk shjrk thbh eulgbh sk trljlml ehg clbkrl bk ehgãnkrls, puksth quk kg ka aomlbh ahgiotubogla sk bksilstl cìs al clbkrl bk vkrlgh. _l sk trltk bk ug aomlbh clgula h l cìquogl, ahs plpkaks h als tkals bk aoml tokgkg quk kstlr kg jukg kstlbh, plrl kvotlr phsojaks rlylburls burlgtk al lpaoeleoõg bk al aoml. <<:
ekp kbothrola }
Prhnkshrks bk Kgskülgzl Ukeugblrol. Prhekshs y Prhbueths kg Clbkrl y Cukjak. ^ha. OO [g prockr progeopoh bka aomlbh skrãl al borkeeoõg bk al aoml. Uk tokgk quk aomlr kg borkeeoõg l al nojrl, kg elsh ehgtrlroh, al aoml bksjlstlrãl al clbkrl pubokgbh rhcpkr als nojrls. Ehgvokgk, gh hjstlgtk, dlekrsk ug prockr aomlbh ehgtrlvktl, juselgbh ug aomlbh cìs rìpobh. Kg elsh bk aoml clgula, plrl supkrnoeoks palgls, sk bkjk aomlr ehg thquks rkeths y ugonhrcks l ah alrih bk al vktl, sokcprk ehg ug tleh bk clbkrl y gugel ltrlvkslgbh al vktl. Uk bkjk aocpolr aocpolr al aoml vlrols vkeks burlgtk thbh ka prheksh, plrl kvotlr quk eulaquokr vorutl bk clbkrl qukbk lilrrlbl l al aoml h la tleh y prhbuzelg lrlülzhs kg als plslbls quk sk knketýlg ehg ka tleh6 phr htrl plrtk, eulgth cìs aocpol kstï al aoml cìs luckgtl al leeoõg bk ehrtk. Rlcjoïg ks ehgvkgokgtk plslr al aoml l ah alrih bka tleh plrl quk sk prhbuzel ug bksilstk ugonhrck bka irlgh. Uk pukbk quotlr al roiobkz bka plpka bk aomlr bksaozlgbh ka bhrsh shjrk ka elgth bka jlgeh bk trljlmh, dleoïgbhah cìs nakxojak y kvotlgbh quk sk rlsiuk eulgbh sk utoaoek. [g skiugbh progeopoh bka aomlbh skrì ehgskiuor al supkrnoeok palgl y aosl ehg ka cãgoch ksnukrzh phsojak, plrl kaah al tkeghahiãl sk jlsl kg juselr ka cltkrola y al dkrrlcokgtl cìs lbkeulbl plrl ka toph bk supkrnoeok y ka toph bk clbkrl ehg al quk kstkchs trljlmlgbh. Lsã, phr kmkcpah, lgtk ugl supkrnoeok cuy bksjlstlbl y bktkrohrlbl so aomlchs ehg irlghs cuy noghs ghs phbrãlchs ktkrgozlr aomlgbh, phr kaah bkjkrãlchs uslr aomls bk irlgh cuy iruksh plrl, prhirksovlckgtk, kg al ýatocl plslbl uslr aoml bk irlghs cuy noghs. Ka aomlbh prkvoh h bksjlstk ks sõah plrl bkmlr als supkrnoeoks sog als hgbualeohgks dljobls burlgtk ka prheksh bk ckelgozleoõg. Phr ehgtrl, ka aomlbh nogla h bk leljlbh ks plrl quotlr als ruihsoblbks quk pukblg qukblr bkspuïs bka aomlbh prkvoh. Al elaoblb bk al supkrnoeok sk ehgskiuorì ehg aomls bk <;0, <40 y ::0. Kg als clbkrls quk tokgkg ka irlgh cuy nogh ks sunoeokgtk ehg lpaoelr aomls bk g½ <;0, puks aomls bk guckrleoõg cìs nogl bkmlrãlg al supkrnoeok tlg aosl quk ka jlrgoz phstkrohr tkgbrãl bonoeuatlbks bk pkgktrlr kg al clbkrl. Eulgbh trljlmlchs ehg clbkrls bk irlgh cuy iruksh, trljlmlr sõah ehg irlghs quk aakiukg dlstl ka g½ <40, soigonoelrãl quk bkmlrãl ugl supkrnoeok phrhsl quk sk gkeksotlrãl cuedh tlplphrhs plrl eujror al clbkrl. Lsã phbkchs kstljakekr als soiuokgtks nlsks bka aomlbh= - Aomlbh oiulal oiulalgtk= gtk= Prkplrl Prkplrl al al supkrnoeok supkrnoeok plrl plrl ka aomlbh aomlbh prhpolck prhpolckgtk gtk boedh. boedh. Uk uslrìg uslrìg aomls aomls bk irlgh irlgh cuy iruksh. Uõah sk lpaoelrì kstk aomlbh eulgbh dlg kxostobh prhjakcls burlgtk ka ckelgozlbh bk al clbkrl. - Aomlbh= Uk uslg uslg aomls g½ <00 l ::0. ::0. Uk jusel jusel prkplr prkplrlr lr al clbkrl clbkrl plrl rkeojo rkeojorr ka leljlbh. leljlbh. - Aomlbh bk bk jlrgoz jlrgoz y lskgtlbh lskgtlbh== Uk uslg uslg aomls l plrtor plrtor bk :20 :20 dlstl dlstl 2006 2006 sk jusel jusel ljror ljror ka phrh phrh bka jlrgoz plrl lpaoelr ugl elpl phstkrohr bk jlrgoz kgeocl. Ks ocprkseogbojak quk ugl supkrnoeok quk tkgil cìs bk ugl elpl bk ihcl alel, jlrgoz h alel, skl aomlbl ehg ljrlsovh bk leljlr lgtks bk quk sk lpaoqukg gukvls elpls. Kg kstk elsh, gh kstlchs lgtk al kaocogleoõg bk lrlülzhs h rlsiuühs, sogh lgtk al prkplrleoõg bk al supkrnoeok plrl al lpaoeleoõg bk al soiuokgtk elpl kaocoglgbh als clrels bk jrhedl h phavh. Ka plpka ljrlsovh nogh kakiobh sk tokgk quk shstkgkr palgh shjrk al placl bk al clgh, chvokgbh ïstl kg borkeeoõg l al vktl. Gh sk tokgk quk prksohglr nukrtk go bkclsolbh rìpobh, puks sk prhbueorãl ug shjrkelakgtlcokgth quk ljalgblrãl ka cltkrola bk leljlbh quk sk kstì aomlgbh. Ahs edlpklbhs vktklbhs bkjkg bk aomlrsk ehg irlgh kxtrlhrboglrolckgtk nogh, als elrls quk aukih vlg l or rkvkstobls sk pukbkg aomlr kg skgtobh trlgsvkrsla. Kg als supkrnoeoks edlpklbls ka plpka bk als mugtls sk bkjk bk quotlr ehg ugl jlgbl bk aoml gukvl. Gh bkjk qukblr kg al supkrnoeok gogiýg rksth bk ehal, puks bk ah ehgtrlroh lplrkekrìg als clgedls kg al nlsk bka leljlbh.
2.
K\[OPHU PLZL AOMLZ
Uu utoaoblb gh ks htrl quk al bk laoslr als supkrnoeoks bk als pokzls. Phbkchs bostogiuor kgtrk aomlbh kg skeh y aomlbh kg dýckbh. Elso sokcprk sk aoml kg skeh, pkrh als alels sk aomlg ehg aãquobhs. Kg kstk elsh, al ekp kbothrola }
<<5
Lgthgoh Auos Ulclgokih Ulstrk jlgbl ljrlsovl bk al aomlbhrl skrì chmlbl kg liul h ehcpuksth bk liulrrìs. Dly quokg chml al jlgbl kstlgbh yl kg clredl al cìquogl. Kg ikgkrla, kg als aomlbhrls ghs kgehgtrlchs ehg als soiuokgtks pokzls quk al ehcphgkg= - Cksl= Kaljhr Kaljhrlbl lbl kg cktla cktla bk bk nugboeoõg nugboeoõg vl prhvostl prhvostl bk ugl iuãl bk ogiaktk ogiaktkss bksaozlgtk bksaozlgtk quk pkrcotk ehahelr al pokzl ehg ka ìgiuah prkeosh. - Kxtrleth Kxtrlethrr bk phavh= phavh= Cuy ehgvkgo ehgvkgokgtk kgtk,, puks ka phavo phavoaah aah quk slak slak la aomlr aomlr ks pkrmuboeol pkrmuboeolaa plrl al slaub y erkl ug lcjokgtk bk phavh phtkgeolackgtk kxpahsovh. - Laiugls Laiugls cìquo cìquogls gls tokgkg tokgkg puaslb puaslbhrks hrks ogbkpk ogbkpkgbok gbokgtks gtks bk lplilb lplilbhh y kgekgbobh. kgekgbobh. Lgtks Lgtks bk kgedunlr al cìquogl dly quk lskiurlrsk bk quk ka ogtkrrupthr kstï kg lplilbh plrl quk al cìquogl gh sk phgil kaal shal l nugeohglr .
2.< Aomlbhrls bk eogtl h bk bk jlgbl Uk trltl bk ugl aomlbhrl plrl aomlr palghs. Uhg aomlbhrls kg als quk ugl eogtl bk tkal rkeujokrtl bk cltkrola ljrlsovh boseurrk kg tkgsoõg kgtrk bhs rhboaahs (ugh nomh y chtroz y ka htrh ehg ug aoikrh chvocokgth dhrozhgtla), ugl palel bk lsokgth sotulbl kgtrk lcjhs rhboaahs clgtokgk al eogtl ljrlsovl ehgtrl al pokzl. Ka chthr tlg sõah letýl shjrk ka rhboaah phstkrohr, sokgbh ka rhboaah lgtkrohr lmustljak plrl phbkr ehgtrhalr al tkgsoõg y ka bkspalzlcokgth altkrla bk al eogtl. Kaocoglg clbkrl ehg irlg rlpobkz y, phr kaah, sk utoaozlg plrl ka aomlbh bk irlgbks supkrnoeoks bk clbkrl cleozl y tljakrhs clgunleturlbhs. Uukakg laelgzlr vkaheoblbks kg vleãh bk kgtrk <0 l <: c/s l :0 l :2 c/s. Kxostkg laiughs chbkahs bk vlrols vkaheoblbks. Plrl sustotuor al eogtl sk aojkrlrì al tkgsoõg leeohglgbh ugl plalgel quk sk dlaalrì kg ugh bk ahs albhs bk al dkrrlcokgtl. Aukih, ugl vkz quotlbl al eogtl uslbl, sk dlrì plslr al quk vlchs l phgkr phr lcjhs rhboaahs. Leeohglgbh bk gukvh al plalgel tkgslrkchs al eogtl. Aõioelckgtk, al borkeeoõg quk lplrkek kg al jlgbl ljrlsovl tokgk quk ehogeobor ehg als aãgkls bk borkeeoõg quk lplrkekg kg al cìquogl. Uk phgk al aomlbhrl kg nugeohglcokgth, clgopualgbh ka thrgoaah bk lmustk altkrla bk al jlgbl plrl chvkr ïstl dlstl quk qukbk ekgtrlbl kg ahs rhboaahs eujrokgbh al palel bka lsokgth. Phr ýatoch, eljk skülalr quk leeohglgbh ka puaslbhr sotulbh kg al kcpuülburl sk jahqukl ka iltoaah bk kgekgbobh, ehgsoiuokgbh bk kstk chbh quk al aomlbhrl nugeohgk bk clgkrl ehgtogul. Plrl trljlmhs jlsths utoaozlrkchs ugl jlgbl bk irlgh iruksh. L ehgtoguleoõg, sk uslrì ugl jlgbl bk irlgh ckboh y, phr ýatoch, ugl bk irlgh nogh plrl kaocoglr ahs lrlülzhs bkmlbhs phr als jlgbls lgtkrohrks. Irlgh
20
Cuy iruksh
Irlgh
>0
Iruksh
Irlgh
40
Ckboh
Irlgh
<00
Ckboh
Irlgh
<;0
Ckboh
Irlgh
:20
Cuy nogh
Plrl al utoaozleoõg bk al aomlbhrl bk jlgbl, ugl vkz ehgketlbl al cìquogl, sk ehahel shjrk al pokzl y tlg prhgth ehch al jlgbl kgtrl kg ehgtleth ehg al pokzl dly quk dlekr lvlgzlr al aomlbhrl, puks kg elsh ehgtrlroh bkmlrãl ughs prhnugbhs lrlülzhs. Uk tokgk quk trljlmlr la doah blgbh plslbls plrlakals y supkrpukstls. Dly quk clgtkgkr al cìquogl plrlakal eulgbh ghs lprhxoclchs l ahs jhrbks bk ahs tljakrhs plrl quk ksths gh qukbkg rkbhgbklbhs. Al aomlbhrl sk lplilrì ugl vkz quk sk dlyl rktorlbh bk al pokzl. <<2
ekp kbothrola }
Prhnkshrks bk Kgskülgzl Ukeugblrol. Prhekshs y Prhbueths kg Clbkrl y Cukjak. ^ha. OO Kstls aomlbhrls sk pukbkg nomlr la jlgeh kg bonkrkgtks phsoeohgks. Ehahelbl jhel lrrojl pukbk utoaozlrsk plrl aomlr alrihs elgths rkeths h joskalbhs6 ehahelbl vkrtoelackgtk sk pukbk utoaozlr plrl aomlr l trlvïs, y ehahelbl bk ehstlbh sk pukbk utoaozlr plrl blr nhrcl l ugl pokzl, phr kmkcpah, ug leljlbh rkbhgbklbh. Als jlgbls bk aoml, eulgbh vlg l kstlr cuedh tokcph sog uslrsk y qukblg kg al cìquogl, ehgvokgk lnahmlrals plrl kvotlr su phsojak lrqukh y kstorlcokgth. Ehgvokgk aomlr ehg al ckghr prksoõg phsojak plrl ehgskrvlr cìs tokcph als lrostls bk ahs irlghs bka plpka ljrlsovh. Lbkcìs, al supkrnoeok qukbl cìs aosl y sk prhbuek ug ckghr ehgsuch bk kgkriãl. Uk bkjk chvkr al cìquogl sokcprk kg borkeeoõg l al vktl y sokcprk bkjk bk kstlr kg chvocokgth eulgbh sk kstì utoaozlgbh. Al aomlbhrl bk jlgbl sõah bkjk utoaozlrsk shjrk supkrnoeoks bk clbkrl cleozl y sk elrletkrozl phr ug ehrtk rìpobh y vkahz. Gkeksotl bk ug ljrlsovh ehg ka bhrsh bk tkal quk tokgk al nhrcl bk ugl ehrrkl ehgtogul. Bkgtrh bk kstls aomlbhrls phbkchs bostogiuor=
L. Ao Aoml mlbh bhrl rl bk pl pltã tãg g Al aomlbhrl bosphgk bk ug pltãg quk boseurrk kg ugl jlrrl dhrozhgtla bospukstl kgtrk al jlgbl bk aoml. Ka pltãg kstì ugobh l ugl plalgel plrl, l trlvïs bk ïstk, hjaoilr l al aoml l prksohglr shjrk al clbkrl. Al cksl skrì cõvoa phr ckboh bk ugls iuãls quk boseurrkg bk nhrcl pkrpkgboeualr la chvocokgth bk al aoml, sokgbh su laturl rkspketh bk al aoml rkiualjak. Dly quk tkgkr kg eukgtl quk al elaoblb bka aomlbh gugel skrì õptocl, puksth quk sk bkpkgbk bk al prksoõg quk kmkrzlchs shjrk ka pltãg plrl bksilstlr cìs h ckghs al supkrnoeok.
J. Aomlb Aomlbhrl hrl bk bk jlgbl jlgbl kstrkedl kstrkedl ehg voil voil bk prksoõg prksoõg Uk trltlrãl bk sustotuor ka pltãg clgula phr htrh quk heupl al ahgiotub bk al cksl y quk hjaoil l prksohglr al clbkrl l ugl prksoõg bktkrcoglbl. Al cksl phbrì skr clgula (elsh bk al aomlbhrl bk pltãg) h luthcìtoel, ks bkeor, al cksl dlek plslr luthcìtoelckgtk l al pokzl bk clbkrl phr al jlgbl. Als vkaheoblbks vkaheoblbks kg kstk elsh shg cuy pkquküls lprhxoclblckgtk l ughs > c/cog.
2.: Aomlbhrls bk jlgbl lgedl Uk trltl bk ugl aomlbhrl plrl aomlr palghs. Kg kstk elsh, al aoml boseurrk phr kgtrk bhs h trks rhboaahs, ugh bk kaahs plrl tkgsohglr al aoml. Al aoml tkgbrì ug chvocokgth trlgsvkrsla ehg ka quk ehgskiuor al clyhr elaoblb bka aomlbh. Ahs lgedhs bk als aomls shg bk cìs bk ;00 cc. L ksths kakckgths dljrì quk lülbor ug laockgtlbhr, bk al quk bkpkgbkrì rklaozlr al nugeoõg bk aomlbh h al nugeoõg bk elaojrlbh. Eulgbh al cksl ks noml, al cìquogl nugeohglrì ehch ugl elaojrlbhrl. Al cksl sk ehcphgk bk bhs plrtks, al cksl bk kgtrlbl ehg rhboaah y ugl cksl bk slaobl ehg ug rhboaah bk slaobl. Al bonkrkgeol bk laturls kgtrk al kgtrlbl bk al cksl y al slaobl bk al cksl ks ka bksjlstk quk prhbueorì al aoml. Kg elsh bk quk al cksl nukrl hseoalgtk, al aoml sõah bksjlstlrì kg nugeoõg bk al prksoõg ehg quk letýk ehgtrl al clbkrl, bksilstlgbh oiula elgtoblb kg thbl al supkrnoeok. Uk bostogiukg ahs soiuokgtks tophs bk aomlbhrl bk jlgbl lgedl=
L. Bk rhb rhboaa oaahh bk bk ehgt ehgtlet lethh Al cìquogl sõah tokgk bhs rhboaahs, ugl plrl tkgsohglr al jlgbl bk aoml y ka htrh quk hjaoil l prksohglr ehgtrl al clbkrl l aoml. Uk usl plrl rklaozlr ka aomlbh oiulalgtk bka prockr bksjlstk.
J. Bk jl jlrr rrll bk bk prk prkso soõg õg Al cìquogl tokgk trks rhboaahs, ugh skrì tkgsohglr al aoml y kgtrk ahs htrhs bhs rhboaahs kxostk ugl jlrrl quk ks al quk kmkrek al prksoõg bk al aoml shjrk al clbkrl. Kstl jlrrl prhphreohgl cuedl clyhr ekp kbothrola }
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Lgthgoh Auos Ulclgokih Ulstrk supkrnoeok bk ehgtleth kgtrk al aoml y al clbkrl, phr ah quk prhphreohgl cìs elaoblb kg ka aomlbh y phr ah quk su ush cìs dljotula ks al rklaozleoõg bka ýatoch aomlbh Ahs rhboaahs shg bk eluedh kstrolbh phrquk lphylg shjrk ugl irlg supkrnoeok. Ka clyhr prhjakcl bk kstk toph bk aomlbhrls ks ka clyhr bksilstk quk prhbuekg, tlgth kg al kgtrlbl ehch kg al slaobl bk al clbkrl y tlcjoïg kg ahs altkrlaks, quk sõah sk kvotlrì so bosphgk bk ug bosphsotovh quk bk nhrcl luthcìtoel akvlgtl al jlrrl bk prksoõg.
2.5 Aomlbhrls bk pltãg vojrlgtk vojrlgtk Uk trltl bk aomls uslbls plrl ka aomlbh bk als chaburls y bk ush ogbustrola phr al kakvlbl prhbueeoõg quk tokgkg. Bosphgkg bk ug pltãg ehg al nhrcl bk al ehgtrlchaburl l al quk sk lbdokrk ugl aoml. Ka pltãg tokgk ug chvocokgth hseoalgtk kg borkeeoõg bk lvlgek bk al clbkrl, ehg ugl nrkeukgeol bk vlrohs chvocokgths phr skiugbh. Al chaburl kgtrl kg al cìquogl, dleoïgbhal plslr phr ka pltãg, quk prksohgl al clbkrl y al aoml irleols la chvocokgth latkrgltovh quk tokgk ka pltãg.
2.2 Aomlbhrl bk kmk vkrtoela vkrtoela Uk trltl bk aomlbhrls uslbls plrl ka aomlbh bk chaburls y bk pkqukül prhbueeoõg. Uk trltl bk ugl dkrrlcokgtl eoreualr ehg al nhrcl bk ehgtrlchaburl quk sk ogehrphrl l ug kmk quk prhphreohgl vkaheoblbks pkquküls (>c/s) plrl kvotlr qukclburls kg al clbkrl. Al dkrrlcokgtl pukbk skr ugl pokbrl bk aomlbh ehg al nhrcl bk ehgtrlchaburl, h jokg torls bk aoml pkilbls bk nhrcl latkrgltovl shjrk ugl ehgtrlchaburl kselslckgtk rãiobl. Rlcjoïg kxostk al aomlbhrl bk chaburls bk kmk dhrozhgtla, socoalr l al vkrtoela, pkrh ehg al vkgtlml bk phbkr nleoaotlr al prksoõg shjrk al clbkrl y al laockgtleoõg bk ïstl.
2.; Aomlbhrl ehg clgiuoths clgiuoths gkucìtoehs Uk trltl bk ugl dkrrlcokgtl ehgstotuobl phr ugl jlgbl gkucìtoel bhtlbl bk chvocokgth eoreualr, larkbkbhr bk al eula sk noml al aoml. Uk usl plrl ka aomlbh bk supkrnoeoks eurvls.
2.> Aomlbhrl bk jlgbls cýatopaks cýatopaks Rlcjoïg uslbl plrl ka aomlbh bk supkrnoeoks eurvls, sk trltl bk ugl aomlbhrl ehgstotuobl phr bhs h trks jlgbls kstrkedls quk phr al leeoõg bk trks rhboaahs bkmlg ug pkquküh dukeh phr bhgbk plsl al pokzl bk clbkrl.
2.9 Aomlbhrl bk ekpoaah ekpoaah Uk usl plrl ka aomlbh bk supkrnoeoks eurvls chaburlbls. chaburlbls. Uk trltl bk ugl aomlbhrl quk ogehrphrl shjrk ug kmk ugl dkrrlcokgtl ehgstotuobl phr torls bk aoml quk kg, su chvocokgth eoreualr, edhelg ehgtrl al clbkrl, lblptìgbhsk l als supkrnoeoks eurvls y chaburlbls quk pukbk ogehrphrlr al clbkrl. Gh sk uslg plrl bksjlstlr, puksth quk kaocoglrãl als lrostls vovls bk al clbkrl, tlg sõah sk usl plrl ka aomlbh nogh bk al clbkrl.
2.4 Aomlbhrls hrjotlaks Kg kstls aomlbhrls ug dhml bk aoml vl nomlbl l ugl lachdlboaal bk ihcl quk eujrk thbl al palel bk lsokgth bk al cìquogl, ug chthr kaïetroeh cukvk kstl palel ehg ug chvocokgth kaãptoeh ehgtogýh. Kstk toph bk cìquogls bkmlg pkqukühs rkchaoghs bk lrlülzhs ehch ehgskeukgeol bka chvocokgth hrjotla, pkrh shg phels als cìquogls kg als quk sk pukbk elcjolr l ug chvocokgth rketh bk vlovïg quk ahs kaocogk. Htrls aomlbhrls tokgkg kstk chvocokgth hrjotla laklthroh, ah quk dlek quk ahs phsojaks lrlülzhs gh tkgilg ugl bosphsoeoõg kstljakeobl, plslgbh lsã cìs oglbvkrtobhs.
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ekp kbothrola }
Prhnkshrks bk Kgskülgzl Ukeugblrol. Prhekshs y Prhbueths kg Clbkrl y Cukjak. ^ha. OO Uk utoaozl dleoïgbhal lvlgzlr y rktrhekbkr phr al pokzl ehg plslbls plrlakals y supkrpukstls. Eulgbh uslchs irlghs irukshs h cuy irukshs, dly quk tkgkr euoblbh bk gh rkbhgbklr ahs jhrbks bk al pokzl go bk ltrlvkslr ehg ka aomlbhs als edlpls. Gh ks gkekslroh kmkrekr ugl prksoõg kxeksovl shjrk al aomlbhrl6 phr ah ikgkrla, ehg ka prhpoh pksh bk al coscl ks sunoeokgtk plrl hjtkgkr ug aomlbh bk elaoblb. [gl vlrokblb bk ïstls skrãlg als aomlbhrls hrjotlaks bk boseh quk sk cukvkg kxeïgtroelckgtk, la tokcph quk iorlg bkmlgbh al supkrnoeok bk al pokzl prìetoelckgtk sog gogiýg toph bk lrlülzh. Rokgkg ugl palel bk lsokgth bk ihcl ihcl quk ks ah sunoeokgtkckgtk nakxojak plrl trljlmlr eõgelvls h ehgvkxls.
2.? Aomlbhrl bk jhrbks Uk trltl bk ugls cìquogls bk aomlr euyl progeopla elrletkrãstoel ks quk aakvlg su jlgbl cìs kstrkedl quk ka rksth bk als aomlbhrls. Kstl jlgbl sk cukvk kgtrk bhs rhboaahs ehahelbhs bk clgkrl vkrtoela. Ehg kstl cìquogl sk phbrìg aomlr elgths rkeths k ogeaoglbhs. Dly quk tkgkr kg eukgtl quk al cksl bk kstl cìquogl ks rkiualjak kg laturl y sk pukbk ogeaoglr dleol ahs albhs. Kstk toph bk cìquogls ks cuy bonãeoa bk kgehgtrlr kg tlaakrks pkqukühs y ckbolghs. Rlg sõah sk kgehgtrlrì kg nìjroels bk prhbueeoõg ogbustrola.
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LJZLUO^HU
Uhg irlghs glturlaks y sogtïtoehs quk ehg sus elgths y vïrtoeks liubhs lrrlgelr la nrhtlrahs pkquküls vorutls bk al supkrnoeok bk al clbkrl. Ahs ljrlsovhs glturlaks sk dlekg ehg pkbkrgla, irlgltk, ehrogbõg glturla, ksckroa, eulrzh y bolclgtks glturlaks. Ahs ljrlsovhs sogtïtoehs shg irlghs bk ehrogbõg lrtonoeola, elrjurh bk soeoaoh, vobroh y bolclgtk ogbustrola. Rokgkg ugls prhpokblbks nãsoels y quãcoels ehgstlgtks6 phr ka ehgtrlroh, ahs ljrlsovhs glturlaks tokgkg burkzls bostogtls, phr ah quk shg pheh h glbl kcpaklbhs. Ahs ehrogbhgks (bkpkgbokgbh bk als bostogtls bostogtls ealsks) shg lprhpolbhs lprhpolbhs plrl trljlmlr als supkrnoeoks bk lekrh bk dkrrlcokgtls y als cktìaoels, clbkrl burl h jalgbl, paìstoehs, pogturls y jlrgoeks. Ahs elrjurhs bk soeoaoh sk utoaozlg plrl ka aomlbh bk supkrnoeoks edlpklbls h jlrgozlbls, dokrrh nugbobh y cktlaks gh nïrrkhs, lsã ehch ahs lekrhs bk als dkrrlcokgtls. Ka vobroh, quk tokgk ugl burkzl rkaltovlckgtk jlml, ks nrìioa y ehg elgths lnoalbhs, sk kcpakl pheh y shah plrl aomlbhs clgulaks. Dly quk tkgkr kg eukgtl quk ahs irlghs bk ahs elgths cuy liubhs sk vukavkg la pheh bk kcpkzlr l aomlr rhchs. Ahs bolclgtks shg lprhpolbhs plrl ksckroalr cktlaks burhs. Ahs cltkrolaks ljrlsovhs, yl sklg glturlaks h sogtïtoehs, sk bksckguzlg y al ckzeal bk irlghs rksuatlgtk sk ealsonoel kg sus bostogths tlclühs bka irlgh, quk sk ogboelg ehg gýckrhs ehch <00, <:0 õ <;0, y quk yl vochs lgtkrohrckgtk. Zkspketh la laclekglcokgth bk ahs cltkrolaks ljrlsovhs, eljk bkeor quk als tkcpkrlturls cìs nlvhrljaks plrl su ehgskrvleoõg shg als ehcprkgbobls kgtrk ahs <;½ y ahs :0½ ekgtãirlbhs ehg ugl duckblb rkaltovl bka ;0% la >0%. Kg elsh ehgtrlroh phbrãl kxostor ugl bknhrcleoõg bka ljrlsovh, ug rkslelbh h ug rkjalgbkeocokgth bka liautoglgtk.
ekp kbothrola }
<<9
Lgthgoh Auos Ulclgokih Ulstrk
>.
ELZL EL ZLER ERKZ KZKU KU BK ALU ALU U[ U[PK PKZN ZNOE OEOK OKU U AOML AOMLBL BLU U
Lgtks bk prhekbkr la leljlbh bk ugl pokzl bk clbkrl, bkjkchs tkgkr kg eukgtl ah soiuokgtks kakckgths=
>.< Ogspkeeoõg Uk tokgk quk dlekr kg ugl zhgl bk aucoghsoblb ljugblgtk plrl quk phbkchs vkr ehg gotobkz so ka cukjak h al pokzl bk clbkrl tokgkg laiýg toph bk nlaah, yl skl bk ehgstrueeoõg, kgehalbh h bka prhpoh aomlbh. Al ogspkeeoõg bkjk skr cuy akgtl, puksth quk dly nlaahs quk sõah sk vkrìg ealrlckgtk eulgbh phstkrohrckgtk shg jlrgozlbhs. L vkeks, ehgvokgk duckbkekr ug pheh al pokzl bk clbkrl plrl quk lyubk l bkaltlr ahs phsojaks nlaahs, pkrh bkjkchs tkgkr kg eukgtl quk gh ks jukgh duckbkekr al clbkrl ehgstlgtkckgtk.
>.: Aomlbh Ka aomlbh, kg nugeoõg bk al clbkrl kcpaklbl, kstoah bk cukjak h prheksh bk jlrgozlbh, pukbk ehgstlr bk vlrols nlsks ehg ka nog bk or kaocoglgbh rlyhgks y clrels quk pukbkg prhekbkr bka ckelgozlbh bk al clbkrl, bka kgehalbh h bk ihapks nhrtuoths. Ehg ug aomlbh pkrnketh sk bkjokrl ehgskiuor ug leljlbh bk al clbkrl pkrnketh y kvotlr tkgkr quk blr ug clyhr gýckrh bk clghs bka toph bk leljlbh ehg ka quk kstkchs trljlmlgbh. Ks cuy bubhsh quk ldhrrlgbh tokcph kg ka prheksh bk aomlbh sk pukbl ehgskiuor ug jukg leljlbh. Ka aomlbh bk al clbkrl tokgk quk dlekrsk musth lgtks bka ogoeoh bka leljlbh, puks al clbkrl la skr ug cltkrola doirhseõpoeh ljshrjkrì duckblb skiýg ka ckboh kg ka quk sk kgeukgtrk, pubokgbh suekbkr quk l al clbkrl sk ak akvlgtlrl ka irlgh so plslrl ug tokcph ckbolglckgtk alrih kgtrk ka aomlbh y ka leljlbh. Kg als chbkrgls aãgkls bk leljlbh, kstk sk prhbuek ogckboltlckgtk bkspuïs bka aomlbh, pkrh kg ahs pkqukühs tlaakrks bk elrpogtkrãl y kjlgostkrãl gh sokcprk suekbkg als ehsls bk kstk chbh, pubokgbh plslr bãls kgtrk ka aomlbh y ka leljlbh. Als supkrnoeoks bkspuïs bka aomlbh tokgkg quk kstlr palgls y aosls, kaocoglgbh als hgbualeohgks quk sk prhbuzelg ehch ehgskeukgeol bka lskrrlbh bk al clbkrl, h als qukclburls quk sk pubokrlg prhbueor ehch ehgskeukgeol bka nrkslbh bk al clbkrl. Bkspuïs bka aomlbh sk bkjk prhekbkr l al kaocogleoõg bk thbh toph bk eukrph kxtrlüh y phavh quk pukbl dljkr kg al supkrnoeok bk al pokzl bk clbkrl. Eulgbh ka leljlbh l rklaozlr skl cuy jroaalgtk, kstls prkelueohgks sk bkjkg kxtrkclr. Gh sk pukbk prktkgbkr quk al ýatocl elpl bk leljlbh qukblrl thtlackgtk aosl, ugonhrck y sog poehs, so prkvolckgtk gh sk dl kaocoglbh thbh rksth bk phavh y bk kakckgths kxtrlühs. Phr htrl plrtk, bkjkchs tkgkr kg eukgtl quk ka phavh bkjoaotl al lbdkrkgeol bka jlrgoz h alel ehg als supkrnoeoks bk clbkrl.
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Prhnkshrks bk Kgskülgzl Ukeugblrol. Prhekshs y Prhbueths kg Clbkrl y Cukjak. ^ha. OO
9.
I[OÕG ZKU[CKG
<. OG OGRZ RZHB HB[E [EEO EOÕG ÕG :. AOMLBH BK AL CLBKZL _ BKZO^LBHU Aomlr ugl pokzl bk clbkrl ks shcktkral l hpkrleohgks quk dlilg bkslplrkekr thbls als lspkrkzls, lstoaals y thbh bknketh. Ehcphsoeoõg bk al aoml= - Cltkrola ljr ljrlsovh - Uhphrtk - Li Liah ahck ckrl rlgt gtkk (pki (pkilc lckg kgth ths) s)
5. RÏE RÏEGO GOELU ELU BKA AOM AOMLBH LBH Ka aomlbh pukbk knketulrsk l clgh, ckbolgtk ekpoaah bk puaor, euedoaals y plpka bk aoml h jokg l cìquogl ckbolgtk aomlbhrls, sklg h gh phrtìtoaks, y elaojrlbhrls. Progeopohs bka aomlbh= - Bo Bork rkee eeoõ oõgg bk al vk vktl tl - Palgotub Nlsks bka aomlbh= - Ao Aommlbh oiulalgtk - Aomlbh gh ghrcla - Ao Aoml mlbh bh bk jl jlrg rgoz oz y lsk lskgt gtlb lbhh
2. K\[OPHU PLZL AOMLZ Uu utoaoblb gh ks htrl quk al bk laoslr als supkrnoeoks bk als pokzls.
2.< AOMLBH AOMLBHZLU ZLU BK BK EOGRL EOGRL H BK JLGB JLGBL L Plrl aomlr palghs. - Ao Aommlbhrl bk pltãg - Aoml Aomlbhr bhrll bk jlg jlgbl bl kstr kstrked kedll ehg ehg voil voil bk prks prksoõg oõg
2.: AOML AOMLBHZ BHZL L BK JLG JLGBL BL Uk trltl bk ugl aomlbhrl plrl aomlr palghs. Aomlbhrl bk rhboaah bk ehgtleth Aomlbhrl bk jlrrl bk prksoõg
2.5 AOMLBH AOMLBHZL ZL BK PLRÃG ^OJZLG ^OJZLGRK RK Uk trltl bk aomls uslbls plrl ka aomlbh bk als chaburls y bk ush ogbustrola phr al kakvlbl prhbueeoõg quk tokgkg.
2.2 AOMLBH AOMLBHZL ZL BK KMK ^KZRO ^KZROELA ELA Uk trltl bk aomlbhrls uslbls plrl ka aomlbh bk chaburls y bk pkqukül prhbueeoõg.
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Lgthgoh Auos Ulclgokih Ulstrk 2.; AOMLB AOMLBHZL HZL EHG CLGI[O CLGI[ORHU RHU GK[CÌROE GK[CÌROEHU HU Uk usl plrl ka aomlbh bk supkrnoeoks eurvls. 2.> AOMLB AOMLBHZL HZL BK BK JLGBLU JLGBLU CÝAROP CÝAROPAKU AKU Plrl ka aomlbh bk supkrnoeoks eurvls.
2.9 AOM AOMLBH LBHZL ZL BK EKPOA EKPOAAH AH Plrl ka aomlbh bk chaburls.
2.4 AOM AOMLBH LBHZL ZL HZJO HZJORLA RLA Uu elrletkrãstoel nugblckgtla ks ka chvocokgth hrjotla bka palth.
2.? AOM AOMLBH LBHZL ZL BK JHZB JHZBKU KU Plrl ka aomlbh bk elgths rkeths ogeaoglbhs.
;. LJ LJZL ZLUO UO^H ^HUU Uhg irlghs glturlaks y sogtïtoehs quk ehg sus elgths y vïrtoeks liubhs lrrlgelr la nrhtlrahs pkquküls vorutls bk al supkrnoeok bk al clbkrl. Glturlaks Uogtïtoehs
>. ELZLE ELZLERKZKU RKZKU BK ALU ALU U[PKZNO U[PKZNOEOKU EOKU AOMLB AOMLBLU LU Ogspkeeoõg Aomlbh
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ekp kbothrola }
Prhnkshrks bk Kgskülgzl Ukeugblrol. Prhekshs y Prhbueths kg Clbkrl y Cukjak. ^ha. OO
4.
JOJAOHIZLNÃL - LJKAAL COGL, O.O., Ka dhcjrk y al clbkrl. clbkrl . ^hauckg O. ZJL Ogtkirla. :005. - KBKJÏ. Rkeghahiãl bk al clbkrl. clbkrl . Hjrl tkõroeh prìetoel oaustrlbl. Kbothrola Kbkjï. >;. - MLEF MLEFUH UHG, G, L. y BL_ BL_,, BL^ BL^OB OB,, Clgula ehcpakth bk al elrpogtkrãl y al kjlgostkrãl kjlgostkrãl.. Kboeohgks Bka Prlbh. ?4. - G[RUED, Y., Rkeghahiãl bk al clbkrl y bka cukjak cukjak.. Kbothrola Zkvkrtï. :000. - ^OIGHRK PK PKÜL, U. U., Rkeghahiãl bk al clbkrl. clbkrl. Kbothrola CP. :00;.
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<:<
Lgthgoh Auos Ulclgokih Ulstrk
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LGKTH
BOJ[MH U[PKZNOEOK BK AL CLBKZL RZLU U[ CKELGO]LEOÕG _ KNKERHU BK AL UKE[KGEOL BK AOMLBH
U[PKZNOEOK BK AL CLBKZL RZLU U[ CKELGO]LEOÕG
KNKERHU BK AL UKE[KGEOL BK AOMLBH
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