Cara Distribusi Obat yang Baik Edisi 2012

LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK

^J\KTZ\KM CJ^KHK LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK MA@A\ BC>6;64;;;<5:4< TKBZM <>;<  TJMTKME ^JDA@KM TJCMGV FK\K DGVT\GLZVG ALKT WKME LKGC DJMEKM \KB@KT TZBKM WKME @KBK JVK CJ^KHK LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK( @jmg`lkme

?

k

lkbwk ^jda`km Fkrk Dgstrglusg Alkt ykme Lkgc sjlkekg`kmk tjhkb dgtjtkpckm djmekm Cjputuskm Cjpkhk Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt dkm @kckmkm Ma`ar BC>>>:6<:<< Tkbum <>>6 sudkb tgdkc sjsukg djmekm pjrcj`lkmekm gh`u pjmejtkbukm dkm tjcmahaeg dg lgdkme dgstrglusg alkt dkm pjrhu dgsjsukgckm3

l lkbwk ljrdkskrckm pjrtg`lkmekm sjlkekg`kmk dg`kcsud dkhk` burui k dkm umtuc `jhkcskmkckm cjtjmtukm ^kskh ;: kykt "<' ^jrkturkm @jmtjrg Cjsjbktkm Ma`ar ;;42!@JMCJV!^J\!YG!<>;; tjmtkme ^jdkekme Ljskr Ikr`ksg( pjrhu `jmjtkpckm ^jrkturkm Cjpkhk Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt dkm @kckmkm tjmtkme ^jda`km  Tjcmgs Fkrk Dgstrglusg Alkt ykme Lkgc3 @jmegmekt

? ; Ardamkmsg Alkt Cjrks "Vtjrcwjrcjmdj Ejmjjs`gddjhjm  '3 Ardammkmtgj( Vtkktslhkd ;747? 4;7 '3 < Zmdkme-Zmdkme Ma`ar : Tkbum ;775 tjmtkme ^sgcatrapgck "Hj`lkrkm Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk  Tkbum ;775 Ma`ar ;>( Tk`lkbkm Hj`lkrkm Hj`lkrk m Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Ma`ar 695;'3 6 Zmdkme-Zmdkme Ma`ar 6: Tkbum <>>7 tjmtkme Mkrcatgck "Hj`lkrkm Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Tkbum <>>7 Ma`ar ;46( Tk`lkbkm Hj`lkrkm M jekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Ma`ar :>9<'3 4 Zmdkme-Zmdkme Ma`ar 69 Tkbum <>>7 tjmtkme Cjsjbktkm "Hj`lkrkm Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Tkbum <>>7 Ma`ar ;44( Tk`lkbkm Hj`lkrkm Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Ma`ar :>96'3

LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK

-<: ^jrkturkm ^j`jrgmtkb Ma`ar 5< Tkbum ;772 tjmtkme ^jmek`kmkm Vjdgkkm Ikr`ksg dkm Khkt Cjsjbktkm "Hj`lkrkm Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Tkbum ;772 Ma`ar ;62( Tk`lkbkm Hj`lkrkm Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Ma`ar 652;'3 9 ^jrkturkm ^j`jrgmtkb Ma`ar :; Tkbum <>>7 tjmtkme ^jcjrokkm Cjikr`ksgkm "Hj`lkrkm Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Tkbum <>>7 Ma`ar ;<4( Tk`lkbkm Hj`lkrkm Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Ma`ar :>44'3 5 Cjputuskm ^rjsgdjm Ma`ar ;>6 Tkbum <>>; tjmtkme Cjduduckm( Tueks( Iumesg( Cjwjmkmekm( Vusumkm Arekmgsksg dkm Tktk Cjrok Hj`lkek ^j`jrgmtkb Mam Djpkrtj`jm sjlkekg`kmk tjhkb ljljrkpk ckhg dgulkb tjrkcbgr djmekm ^jrkturkm ^rjsgdjm Ma`ar 94 Tkbum <>>:3 2 Cjputuskm ^rjsgdjm Ma`ar ;;> Tkbum <>>; tjmtkme Zmgt Arekmgsksg dkm Tueks Jsjham G Hj`lkek ^j`jrgmtkb Mam Djpkrtj`jm sjlkekg`kmk tjhkb ljljrkpk ckhg dgulkb tjrkcbgr djmekm ^jrkturkm ^rjsgdjm Ma`ar :< Tkbum <>>:3 7 ^jrkturkm @jmtjrg Cjsjbktkm Ma`ar ;;42!@JMCJV!^J\!YG!<>;; tjmtkme ^jdkekme Ljskr Ikr`ksg3 ;> Cjputuskm Cjpkhk Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt dkm @kckmkm Ma`ar ><>>;!VC!CL^A@ Tkbum <>>; tjmtkme Arekmgsksg dkm Tktk Cjrok Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt dkm @kckmkm sjlkekg`kmk tjhkb dgulkb djmekm Cjputuskm Cjpkhk Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt dkm @kckmkm Ma`ar BC>>>:<;4<6; Tkbum <>>43 ;; Cjputuskm Cjpkhk Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt dkm @kckmkm Ma`ar >:>;2!VC!CL^A@ Tkbum <>>; tjmtkme Arekmgsksg dkm Tktk Cjrok Zmgt ^jhkcskmk Tjcmgs dg Hgmecumekm Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt dkm @kckmkm sjlkekg`kmk tjhkb ljljrkpk ckhg dgulkb tjrkcbgr djmekm ^jrkturkm Cjpkhk Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt dkm @kckmkm Ma`ar Ma`ar BC>>>:<;6:49 BC>>>:<;6:49 Tkbum <>>73

LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK

-6@J@ZTZVCKM? @jmjtkpckm

?

^J\KTZ\KM CJ^KHK LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM TJMTKME ^JDA@KM TJCMGV FK\K DGVT\GLZVG ALKT WKME LKGC

LKL G CJTJMTZKM Z@Z@ ^kskh ; Dkhk` ^jrkturkm gmg ykme dg`kcsud djmekm? ;

Fkrk Dgstrglusg Alkt ykme Lkgc( ykme sjhkmoutmyk dgsgmeckt FDAL( kdkhkb fkrk dgstrglusg!pjmykhurkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme ljrtuoukm `j`kstgckm `utu sjpkmokme okhur dgstrglusg!pjmykhurkm sjsukg pjrsykrktkm dkm tuoukm pjmeeumkkmmyk

<

^jdkekme Ljskr Ikr`ksg( ykme sjhkmoutmyk dgsgmeckt ^LI( kdkhkb pjruskbkkm ljrljmtuc lkdkm bucu` ykme `j`ghgcg gzgm umtuc pjmekdkkm( pjmyg`pkmkm( pjmykhurkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkhk`  ou`hkb ljskr sjsukg cjtjmtukm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm

6

^LI Fklkme kdkhkb fklkme ^LI ykme tjhkb `j`ghgcg pjmekcukm umtuc `jhkcuckm pjmekdkkm( pjmyg`pkmkm( pjmykhurkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkhk` ou`hkb ljskr sjsukg cjtjmtukm pjrkturkm pjrumdkmeumdkmekm

4

Gmstkhksg Vjdgkkm Ikr`ksg kdkhkb skrkmk ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `jmdgstrglusgckm ktku `jmykhurckm Vjdgkkm Ikr`ksg `ghgc pj`jrgmtkb( pj`jrgmtkb dkjrkb pravgmsg( dkm pj`jrgmtkb dkjrkb cklupktjm!catk

:

Alkt kdkhkb lkbkm ktku pkdukm lkbkm( tjr`ksuc praduc lgahaeg( ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `j`jmekrubg ktku `jmyjhgdgcg sgstj` igsgahaeg ktku cjkdkkm pktahaeg dkhk` rkmeck pjmjtkpkm dgkemasgs( pjmfjekbkm( pjmyj`lubkm( pj`uhgbkm( pjmgmecktkm cjsjbktkm dkm camtrksjpsg umtuc `kmusgk

9

Lkbkm Alkt kdkhkb lkbkm lkgc ykme ljrcbksgkt `kupum tgdkc ljrcbksgkt  ykme dgeumkckm dkhk` pjmeahkbkm alkt djmekm djm ekm stkmdkr dkm `utu sjlkekg lkbkm lkcu ikr`ksg tjr`ksuc lkcu pj`lkmdgme

5

Vjrtgigckt FDAL kdkhkb dacu`jm skb ykme `jrupkckm luctg lkbwk ^LI tjhkb `j`jmubg pjrsykrktkm FDAL dkhk` `jmdgstrglusgckm alkt ktku lkbkm alkt

LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK

-4LKL GG \ZKME HGMECZ^ ^kskh < ^jmekturkm FDAL dkhk` ^jrkturkm gmg( `jhgputg? k Alkt3 dkm l Lkbkm Alkt LKL GGG ^JMJ\K^KM FDAL ^kskh 6 ";'

^LI dkm ^LI Fklkme dkhk` `jmyjhjmeekrkckm pjmyg`pkmkm( dkm pjmykhurkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm `jmjrkpckm ^jda`km Tjcmgs FDAL

pjmekdkkm( alkt wkogl

"<'

^jda`km Tjcmgs FDAL sjlkekg`kmk dg`kcsud pkdk kykt ";' tjrfkmtu` dkhk` Hk`pgrkm ykme `jrupkckm lkegkm tgdkc tjrpgskbckm dkrg ^jrkturkm gmg ^kskh 4

Vjhkgm ^LI dkm ^LI Fklkme sjlkekg`kmk dg`kcsud dkhk` ^kskh 6 kykt ";'( Gmstkhksg Vjdgkkm Ikr`ksg ykme `jmyjhjmeekrkckm pjmekdkkm( pjmyg`pkmkm( dkm pjmykhurkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ouek wkogl `jmjrkpckm ^jda`km  Tjcmgs FDAL F DAL ^kskh : ";'  Tjrbkdkp ^LI dkm ^LI Fklkme ykme tjhkb `jmjrkpckm `jmjrkpc km ^jda`km Tjcmgs FDAL dgljrgckm Vjrtgigckt FDAL ahjb Cjpkhk Lkdkm "<'

Cjtjmtukm hjlgb hkmout `jmejmkg pj`ljrgkm Vjrtgigckt FDAL sjlkekg`kmk dg`kcsud pkdk kykt ";' kckm dgtjtkpckm djmekm ^jrkturkm Cjpkhk Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt dkm @kckmkm

LKL GY VKMCVG KD@GMGVT\KTGI KD@GMGVT\KTGI ^kskh 9 ^jhkmeekrkm tjrbkdkp cjtjmtukm ^jda`km Tjcmgs FDAL dkpkt dgcjmkg skmcsg kd`gmgstrktgi sjlkekg ljrgcut? ; ^jrgmektkm tjrtuhgs3 < ^jmebjmtgkm sj`jmtkrk cjegktkm3 dkm 6 ^jmfklutkm Vjrtgigckt FDAL

LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK

-:^kskh 5 ^jmejmkkm skmcsg kd`gmgstrktgi ljrupk ^jmfklutkm Vjrtgigckt sjlkekg`kmk dg`kcsud dkhk` ^kskh 9 kmeck 6 dgljrgckm dkhk` bkh?

FDAL

k

tjrokdg pjmyg`pkmekm pjmjrkpkm FDAL ykme `jmekcglktckm pjmykhkbeumkkm pjmdgstrglusgkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt3 ktku

l

^LI ktku ^LI Fklkme djmekm sjmekok `jhkcuckm tgmdkckm ykme `jmekcglktckm tgdkc tjrhkcskmkmyk pjmjrkpkm FDAL LKL Y CJTJMTZKM ^JMZTZ^ ^kskh 2

^kdk skkt ^jrkturkm gmg `uhkg ljrhkcu( Cjputuskm Cjpkhk Lkdkm ^jmekwks Alkt Dkm @kckmkm Ma`ar BC >>>:6<:<< Tkbum <>>6 tjmtkme ^jmjrkpkm ^jda`km Fkrk Dgstrglusg Alkt ykme Lkgc dgfklut dkm dgmyktkckm tgdkc ljrhkcu ^kskh 7 ^jrkturkm gmg `uhkg ljrhkcu pkdk tkmeekh dgumdkmeckm Kekr sjtgkp arkme `jmejtkbugmyk( `j`jrgmtkbckm pjmeumdkmekm ^jrkturkm gmg djmekm pjmj`pktkmmyk dkhk` Ljrgtk Mjekrk \jpulhgc Gmdamjsgk Dgtjtkpckm dg Okckrtk pkdk tkmeekh <6 Mavj`ljr <>;< CJ^KHK LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK(  TTD HZFCW V VHK@JT  Dgumdkmeckm dg Okckrtk pkdk tkmeekh ;5 Djsj`ljr <>;< @JMTJ\G BZCZ@ DKM BKC KVKVG @KMZVGK \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK(  TTD K@G\ VWK@VZDGM LJ\GTK MJEK\K \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK TKBZM <>;< MA@A\ ;<92

HK@^G\KM ^J\KTZ\KM CJ^KHK LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK MA@A\ BC>6;64;;;<5:4< TKBZM <>;<  TJMTKME ^JDA@KM TJCMGV FK\K DGVT\GLZVG ALKT WKME LKGC

^JDA@KM TJCMGV FK\K DGVT\GLZVG ALKT WKME LKGC ^JMDKBZHZKM ^\GMVG^-^\GMVG^ Z@Z@ ; ^rgmsgp-prgmsgp Fkrk Dgstrglusg Alkt ykme Lkgc "FDAL' ljrhkcu umtuc kspjc pjmekdkkm( pjmyg`pkmkm( pjmykhurkm tjr`ksuc pjmej`lkhgkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkhk` rkmtkg dgstrglusg < Vj`uk pgbkc ykme tjrhglkt dkhk` dgstrglusg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ljrtkmeeumeokwkl umtuc `j`kstgckm `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkm `j`pjrtkbkmckm gmtjergtks rkmtkg dgstrglusg sjhk`k prasjs dgstrglusg 6 ^rgmsgp-prgmsgp FDAL ljrhkcu ouek umtuc alkt damksg( lkcu pj`lkmdgme dkm alkt uog chgmgs 4 Vj`uk pgbkc ykme tjrhglkt dkhk` prasjs dgstrglusg bkrus `jmjrkpckm prgmsgp cjbktg-bktgkm "duj "duj dghgejmfj ' djmekm `j`ktubg prgmsgp FDAL( `gskhmyk dkhk` prasjdur ykme tjrckgt djmekm cj`k`pukm tjhusur dkm gdjmtgigcksg rgsgca : Bkrus kdk cjrok sk`k kmtkrk sj`uk pgbkc tjr`ksuc pj`jrgmtkb( ljk dkm fuckg( hj`lkek pjmjekc bucu`( pgbkc ykme ljrwjmkme( gmdustrg ikr`ksg( iksghgtks dgstrglusg dkm pgbkc ykme ljrtkmeeume okwkl umtuc pjmyjdgkkm alkt( `j`kstgckm `utu dkm cjk`kmkm alkt sjrtk `jmfjekb pkpkrkm alkt pkhsu tjrbkdkp pksgjm

\ZKME HGMECZ^ Dacu`jm gmg `jmjtkpckm pjda`km umtuc dgstrglusg alkt( lkbkm alkt dkm praduc lgahaeg tjr`ksuc vkcsgm ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `kmusgk

-<-

LKL G @KMKOJ@JM @ZTZ Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`pjrtkbkmckm sgstj` `utu ykme `jmfkcup tkmeeume okwkl( prasjs dkm hkmeckb `kmkoj`jm rgsgca tjrckgt djmekm cjegktkm ykme dghkcskmkckm Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`kstgckm lkbwk `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkm gmtjergtks rkmtkg dgstrglusg dgpjrtkbkmckm sjhk`k prasjs dgstrglusg Vjhurub cjegktkm dgstrglusg bkrus dgtjtkpckm djmekm ojhks( dgckog sjfkrk sgstj`ktgs dkm sj`uk tkbkpkm crgtgs prasjs dgstrglusg dkm pjrulkbkm ykme ljr`kcmk bkrus dgvkhgdksg dkm dgdacu`jmtksgckm Vgstj` `utu bkrus `jmfkcup prgmsgp `kmkoj`jm rgsgca `utu ^jmfkpkgkm skskrkm `utu `jrupkckm tkmeeume okwkl dkrg pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg( `j`lutubckm cjpj`g`pgmkm dkm pkrtgsgpksg kctgi sjrtk bkrus dgducume ahjb ca`gt`jm `kmkoj`jm pumfkc

VGVTJ@ @ZTZ ;; Dkhk` suktu arekmgsksg( pj`kstgkm `utu ljriumesg sjlkekg khkt `kmkoj`jm Bkrus kdk cjlgokckm `utu tjrdacu`jmtksg ykme `jmeurkgckm `kcsud cjsjhurubkm dkm pjrsykrktkm iksghgtks dgstrglusg  ykme ljrckgtkm djmekm `utu( sjlkekg`kmk dgmyktkckm dkm dgskbckm sjfkrk rjs`g ahjb `kmkoj`jm ;<

Vgstj` pjmejhahkkm `utu bkrus `jmfkcup structur arekmgsksg( prasjdur( prasjs dkm su`ljr dkyk( sjrtk cjegktkm ykme dgpjrhuckm umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgcgrg` tgdkc tjrfj`kr sjhk`k pjmyg`pkmkm dkm!ktku trkmspartksg Tatkhgtks dkrg tgmdkckm gmg dgek`lkrckm sjlkekg sgstj` `utu

;6

Vgstj` `utu bkrus `jmfkcup cjtjmtukm umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk pj`jekme gzgm jdkr dkm Lkdkm ^A@ sjejrk dgljrgtkbu dkhk` cksus alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pkhsu ktku dgfurgekg pkhsu Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjrsjlut bkrus dgsg`pkm dg tj`pkt ykme k`km!tjrcumfg( tjrpgskb djmekm hkljh ykme ojhks umtuc `jmfjekb pjmykhurkm hjlgb hkmout

;4

@kmkoj`jm pumfkc bkrus `jmumouc pjmkmeeume okwkl umtuc tgkp iksghgtks dgstrglusg( ykme `j`ghgcg wjwjmkme dkm tkmeeume okwkl ykme tjhkb dgtjtkpckm umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk sgstj` `utu dgsusum( dgtjrkpckm dkm dgpjrtkbkmckm

;:

@kmkoj`jm pumfkc iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`kstgckm sj`uk lkegkm dkrg sgstj` `utu dgpjrhjmeckpg djmekm su`ljr dkyk ykme ca`pjtjm dkm `j`kdkg( dkm lkmeumkm( pjrkhktkm dkm iksghgtks ykme `j`kdkg

;9

Hgmecup dkm ca`phjcsgtks cjegktkm iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus dgpjrtg`lkmeckm cjtgck `jmej`lkmeckm sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu ktku `j`adgigcksg sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu ykme sudkb kdk

-6;5

Vgstj` `utu bkrus dgdacu`jmtksgckm sjfkrk hjmeckp dkm dgpkmtku jijctgvgtksmyk Vj`uk cjegktkm ykme tjrckgt djmekm `utu bkrus dgdjigmgsgckm dkm dgdacu`jmtksgckm Bkrus dgtjtkpckm kdkmyk sjlukb pkmdukm `utu tjrtuhgs ktku dacu`jm hkgmmyk ykme sjtkrk

;2

Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jmjtkpckm dkm `j`pjrtkbkmckm prasjdur umtuc gdjmtgigcksg( pjmeu`puhkm( pjma`arkm( pjmfkrgkm( pjmyg`pkmkm( pj`jhgbkrkkm( pj`usmkbkm dkm kcsjs cj sj`uk dacu`jm ykme ljrhkcu

;7

Vgstj` `utu bkrus dgtjrkpckm djmekm fkrk ykme sjsukg djmekm rukme hgmecup dkm structur arekmgsksg iksghgtks dgstrglusg

;;> Bkrus tjrsjdgk sgstj` pjmejmdkhgkm pjrulkbkm ykme `jmektur pjrulkbkm prasjs crgtgs Vgstj` gmg bkrus `jmfkcup prgmsgp `kmkoj`jm rgsgca `utu ;;; Vgstj` `utu bkrus `j`kstgckm lkbwk? k' alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgpjrahjb( dgsg`pkm( dgsjdgkckm( dgcgrg`ckm ktku dgjcspar djmekm fkrk ykme sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm FDAL3 l' tkmeeume okwkl `kmkoj`jm dgtjtkpckm sjfkrk ojhks3 f' alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgcgrg`ckm cj pjmjrg`k ykme tjpkt dkhk` okmeck wkctu ykme sjsukg3 d' cjegktkm ykme tjrckgt djmekm `utu dgfktkt pkdk skkt cjegktkm cjegktkm tjrsjlut dghkcuckm3 j' pjmyg`pkmekm tjrbkdkp prasjdur ykme sudkb dgtjtkpckm dgdacu`jmtksgckm dkm dgsjhgdgcg3 i' tgmdkckm pjrlkgckm dkm pjmfjekbkm "FK^K' ykme tjpkt dgk`lgh umtuc `j`pjrlkgcg dkm `jmfjekb tjrokdgmyk pjmyg`pkmekm sjsukg djmekm prgmsgp `kmkoj`jm rgsgca `utu ;;< Dgrjca`jmdksgckm umtuc dghkcuckm gmspjcsg( kudgt dkm sjrtgigcksg cjpktubkm tjrbkdkp sgstj` `utu "`gskhmyk sjrg Gmtjrmktgamkh  Arekmgzktgam iar Vtkmdkrdgzktgam "GVA'  ktku ^jda`km Mksgamkh dkm Gmtjrmksgamkh hkgmmyk' ahjb Lkdkm jcstjrmkh @jscgpum dj`gcgkm( sjrtgigcksg tjrsjlut tgdkc dgkmeekp sjlkekg pjmeekmtg sjrtgigcksg pjmjrkpkm pjda`km FDAL dkm prgmsgp F^AL ykme tjrckgt djmekm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt

^JMEJHAHKKM CJEGKTKM LJ\DKVK\CKM CAMT\KC ;;6 Vgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu bkrus `jmfkcup pjmejmdkhgkm dkm pjmeckogkm ljrlkekg cjegktkm ljrdkskrckm camtrkc ^rasjs gmg bkrus `jmfkcup `kmkoj`jm rgsgca `utu ykme `jhgputg? k' pjmghkgkm tjrbkdkp cjsjsukgkm dkm ca`pjtjmsg pgbkc ykme dgtumouc umtuc `jhkcskmkckm cjegktkm ljrdkskrckm camtrkc sjljhu` cjegktkm tjrsjlut dgokhkmckm( sjrtk `j`jrgcsk stktus hjekhgtksmyk ogck dgpjrhuckm l' pjmjtkpkm tkmeeume okwkl dkm prasjs ca`umgcksg kmtkr pgbkc  ykme ljrcjpjmtgmekm djmekm cjegktkm ykme tjrckgt `utu Zmtuc

-4cjegktkm ljrdkskrckm ljrdkskrckm camtrkc bkrus dgtukmeckm dgtukmeckm dkhk` pjrokmogkm pjrokmogkm tjrtuhgs kmtkrk pj`ljrg dkm pjmjrg`k camtrkc f' pj`kmtkukm dkm pjmeckogkm sjfkrk tjrktur cgmjrok pjmjrg`k camtrkc( gdjmtgigcksg dkm pjmjrkpkm sjtgkp pjrlkgckm ykme dgpjrhuckm

CKOGKM DKM ^J@KMTKZKM @KMKOJ@JM ;;4 @kmkoj`jm pumfkc bkrus `j`ghgcg prasjs iar`kh umtuc `jmeckog sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu sjfkrk pjrgadgc Ckogkm tjrsjlut `jmfkcup? k' ^jmeucurkm fkpkgkm skskrkm sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu3 l' ^jmghkgkm gmdgcktar cgmjrok ykme dkpkt dgeumkckm umtuc `j`kmtku jijctgvgtks prasjs dkhk` sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu( sjpjrtg cjhubkm( pjmyg`pkmekm( FK^K( pjrulkbkm prasjs3 u`pkm lkhgc tjrbkdkp cjegktkm ljrdkskrckm camtrkc3 prasjs gmspjcsg dgrg tjr`ksuc pjmeckogkm rgsgca dkm kudgt3 pjmghkgkm jcstjrmkh sjpjrtg tj`ukm gmspjcsg lkdkm ykme ljrwjmkme dkm kudgt pjhkmeekm f' ^jrkturkm( pjda`km( dkm bkh lkru ykme tjrckgt djmekm `utu ykme dkpkt `j`pjmekrubg sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu3 d' Gmavksg ykme dkpkt `jmgmecktckm cgmjrok sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu j' ^jrulkbkm gchg` uskbk dkm skskrkm lgsmgs ykme sudkb dgtjtkpckm sjljhu`myk ;;: Ckogkm `kmkoj`jm `utu bkrus dghkcuckm sjfkrk ljrckhk dkm bksghmyk dgca`umgcksgckm sjfkrk jijctgi

@KMKOJ@JM \GVGCA @ZTZ ;;9 @kmkoj`jm rgsgca `utu kdkhkb suktu prasjs sgstj`ktgs umtuc `jmghkg( `jmejmdkhgckm( `jmeca`umgcksgckm dkm `jmeckog rgsgca tjrbkdkp `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt Bkh gmg dkpkt dghkcskmkckm lkgc sjfkrk prakctgi `kupum rjtraspjctgi ;;5 Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jhkcskmkckm pjmghkgkm rgsgca sjfkrk ljrcjsgmk`lumekm umtuc `jmghkg rgsgca ykme `umecgm tjrokdg tjrbkdkp `utu dkm gmtjergtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt Vgstj` `utu bkrus dgsusum dkm dgtjrkpckm umtuc `jmkmekmg sjtgkp patjmsg rgsgca  ykme tjrgdjmtgigcksg Vgstj` `utu bkrus dgtgmoku uhkme dkm dgrjvgsg sjfkrk ljrckhk umtuc `jmkmekmg rgsgca lkru ykme tjrgdjmtgigcksg pkdk skkt pjmeckogkm rgsgca ;;2 @kmkoj`jm rgsgca `utu bkrus `j`kstgckm lkbwk jvkhuksg rgsgca dgdkskrckm pkdk pjmejtkbukm gh`gkb( pjmekhk`km tjrbkdkp prasjs  ykme dgjvkhuksg dkm ljrckgtkm jrkt djmekm pjrhgmdumekm pksgjm Zskbk pjrlkgckm( iar`khgtks dkm dacu`jmtksg pjmeckogkm rgsgca `utu bkrus sjtkrk djmekm tgmeckt rgsgca ykme dgtg`luhckm ;;7 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur ykme `jmektur tjmtkme pj`luktkm dkm pjmejhahkkm dacu`jmtksg ykme tjrckgt djmekm gmiar`ksg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt Bkrus kdk cjtjmtukm `jmejmkg gdjmtgigcksg vgsukh tjrbkdkp alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme ljrpatjmsg dgpkhsuckm ^rasjdur tjrsjlut bkrus `jmfkcup cjtjmtukm umtuc `jhkparckm alkt

-:dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgduek pkhsu cj pj`jekme gzgm jdkr dkm!ktku pradusjm dkm lkdkm rjeuhktar mksgamkh "`gskhmyk Lkdkm ^A@ \G'

-9-

LKL GG A\EKMGVKVG( @KMKOJ@JM DKM ^J\VAMKHGK ^jhkcskmkkm dkm pjmejhahkkm sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu ykme lkgc sjrtk dgstrglusg alkt dkm! ktku lkbkm alkt ykme ljmkr skmekt ljrekmtume pkdk pjrsamgh ykme `jmokhkmckmmyk Bkrus kdk pjrsamgh ykme fucup dkm ca`pjtjm umtuc `jhkcskmkckm sj`uk tueks ykme `jmokdg tkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg Tkmeeume okwkl `ksgme-`ksgme pjrsamgh bkrus dgpkbk`g djmekm ojhks dkm dgfktkt Vj`uk pjrsamgh bkrus `j`kbk`g prgmsgp FDAL dkm bkrus `jmjrg`k pjhktgbkm dkskr `kupum pjhktgbkm hkmoutkm ykme sjsukg djmekm tkmeeume okwklmyk

A\EKMGVKVG DKM @KMKOJ@JM <; Bkrus kdk structur arekmgsksg umtuc tgkp lkegkm ykme dghjmeckpg djmekm lkekm arekmgsksg ykme ojhks Tkmeeume okwkl( wjwjmkme dkm bulumekm kmtkr sj`uk pjrsamgh bkrus dgtjtkpckm djmekm ojhks <<  Tueks dkm tkmeeume okwkl bkrus dgdjigmgsgckm sjfkrk ojhks dkm dgpkbk`g ahjb pjrsamgh ykme ljrskmecutkm sjrtk dgoklkrckm dkhk` urkgkm tueks Cjegktkm tjrtjmtu ykme `j`jrhuckm pjrbktgkm cbusus( `gskhmyk pjmekwkskm cgmjrok( dghkcuckm sjsukg djmekm cjtjmtukm dkm pjrkturkm ^jrsamgh ykme tjrhglkt dg rkmtkg dgstrglusg bkrus dgljrg pjmojhkskm dkm pjhktgbkm ykme `j`kdkg `jmejmkg tueks dkm tkmeeume  okwklmyk <6

^jrsamgh ykme ljrtkmeeumeokwkl dkhk` cjegktkm `kmkojrgkh dkm tjcmgs bkrus `j`ghgcg cjwjmkmekm dkm su`ljr dkyk ykme dgpjrhuckm umtuc `jmyusum( `j`pjrtkbkmckm( `jmegdjmtgigcksg dkm `j`pjrlkgcg pjmyg`pkmekm sgstj` `utu

<4  Tgkp pjrsamgh tgdkc dgljlkmg tkmeeume okwkl ykme ljrhjlgbkm umtuc `jmebgmdkrg rgsgca tjrbkdkp `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt <:

Bkrus tjrsjdgk kturkm umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk `kmkoj`jm dkm pjrsamgh tgdkc `j`pumykg camihgc cjpjmtgmekm dkhk` kspjc ca`jrsgkh( pahgtgc( cjukmekm dkm tjckmkm hkgm ykme dkpkt ljrpjmekrub tjrbkdkp `utu pjhkykmkm ktku gmtjergtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt

<9

Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur cjsjhk`ktkm ykme ljrckgtkm djmekm sj`uk kspjc ykme sjsukg( `gskh cjk`kmkm pjrsamgh dkm skrkmk( pjrhgmdumekm hgmecumekm dkm gmtjergtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt

^JMKMEEZME OKUKL <5 @kmkoj`jm pumfkc dg iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jmumouc sjarkme pjmkmeeume okwkl ^jmkmeeume okwkl bkrus `j`jmubg tkmeeume  okwklmyk( ljrtueks purmk wkctu dkm `j`jmubg pjrsykrktkm sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm Ogck pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg tgdkc dkpkt `jhkcskmkckm tueksmyk dkhk` wkctu  ykme dgtjmtuckm( `kck bkrus dghkcuckm pjmdjhjeksgkm tueks cjpkdk tjmkek tjcmgs cjikr`ksgkm Tjmkek cjikr`ksgkm ykme `jmdkpkt

-5pjmdjhjeksgkm wkogl `jhkparckm cjegktkm ykme dghkcuckm cjpkdk pjmkmeeume okwkl <2

^jmkmeeume okwkl `j`pumykg urkgkm tueks ykme bkrus `j`ukt cjwjmkmekm dkhk` bkh pjmek`lghkm cjputuskm sjsukg djmekm tkmeeume okwklmyk @kmkoj`jm iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`ljrgckm cjwjmkmekm( su`ljr dkyk dkm tkmeeume okwkl ykme dgpjrhuckm cjpkdk pjmkmeeume okwkl umtuc `jmokhkmckm tueksmyk

<7

^jmkmeeume okwkl bkrus sjarkme Kpatjcjr ykme `j`jmubg cukhgigcksg dkm ca`pjtjmsg sjsukg pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm Dg sk`pgme gtu( tjhkb `j`ghgcg pjmejtkbukm dkm `jmegcutg pjhktgbkm FDAL ykme `j`ukt kspjc cjk`kmkm( gdjmtgigcksg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt( djtjcsg dkm pjmfjekbkm `ksucmyk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pkhsu cj dkhk` rkmtkg dgstrglusg

<;> ^jmkmeeume okwkl dkhk` pjhkcskmkkm tueksmyk bkrus `j`kstgckm lkbwk iksghgtks dgstrglusg tjhkb `jmjrkpckm FDAL dkm `j`jmubg pjhkykmkm pulhgc <;; ^jmkmeeume okwkl `j`ghgcg tkmeeume okwkl kmtkrk hkgm? k' `jmyusum( `j`kstgckm dkm `j`pjrtkbkmckm pjmjrkpkm sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu3 l' iacus pkdk pjmejhahkkm cjegktkm ykme `jmokdg cjwjmkmekmmyk sjrtk `jmokek kcurksg dkm `utu dacu`jmtksg3 f' `jmyusum dkm!ktku `jmyjtuoug praerk` pjhktgbkm dkskr dkm pjhktgbkm hkmoutkm `jmejmkg FDAL umtuc sj`uk pjrsamgh ykme tjrckgt dkhk` cjegktkm dgstrglusg3 d' `jmecaardgmksgckm dkm `jhkcuckm djmekm sjejrk sjtgkp cjegktkm pjmkrgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt3 j' `j`kstgckm lkbwk cjhubkm pjhkmeekm dgtkmekmg djmekm jijctgi3 i' `jhkcuckm cukhgigcksg dkm pjrsjtuoukm tjrbkdkp pj`ksac dkm pjhkmeekm3 e' `jhuhusckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm umtuc dgcj`lkhgckm cj dkhk` stac alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `j`jmubg sykrkt oukh3 b' turut sjrtk dkhk` pj`luktkm pjrokmogkm kmtkrk pj`ljrg camtrkc dkm pjmjrg`k camtrkc ykme `jmojhksckm `jmejmkg tkmeeume okwkl `ksgme-`ksgme pgbkc ykme ljrckgtkm djmekm dgstrglusg dkm!ktku trkmspartksg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt3 g' `j`kstgckm gmspjcsg dgrg dghkcuckm sjfkrk ljrckhk sjsukg praerk` dkm tjrsjdgk tgmdkckm pjrlkgckm ykme dgpjrhuckm3  o' `jmdjhjeksgckm tueksmyk cjpkdk Kpatjcjr!tjmkek tjcmgs cjikr`ksgkm ykme tjhkb `jmdkpktckm pjrsjtuoukm dkrg gmstkmsg ljrwjmkme cjtgck sjdkme tgdkc ljrkdk dg tj`pkt dkhk` okmeck wkctu tjrtjmtu dkm `jmyg`pkm dacu`jm ykme tjrckgt djmekm sjtgkp pjmdjhjeksgkm ykme dghkcuckm3 c' turut sjrtk dkhk` sjtgkp pjmek`lghkm cjputuskm umtuc `jmeckrkmtgmk ktku `j`usmkbckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt

-2cj`lkhgkm( ruskc( bksgh pjmkrgckm cj`lkhg ktku dgduek pkhsu3 h' `j`kstgckm pj`jmubkm pjrsykrktkm hkgm ykme dgwkoglckm umtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjrtjmtu sjsukg pjrkturkm pjrumdkmeumdkmekm

^J\VAMGH HKGMMWK <;< Bkrus dgpkstgckm tjrsjdgkmyk pjrsamgh ykme ca`pjtjm dkhk` ou`hkb  ykme `j`kdkg dg tgkp cjegktkm ykme dghkcuckm dg rkmtkg dgstrglusg( umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjtkp tjrokek ^JHKTGBKM <;6 Vj`uk pjrsamgh bkrus `j`jmubg cukhgigcksg ykme dgpjrsykrktckm dkhk` FDAL djmekm `jmegcutg pjhktgbkm dkm `j`ghgcg ca`pjtjmsg sjljhu` `j`uhkg tueks( ljrdkskrckm suktu prasjdur tjrtuhgs dkm sjsukg djmekm praerk` pjhktgbkm tjr`ksuc cjsjhk`ktkm cjrok ^jmkmeeume okwkl ouek bkrus `jmokek ca`pjtjmsgmyk dkhk` FDAL `jhkhug pjhktgbkm rutgm ljrckhk <;4 Dg sk`pgme gtu( pjhktgbkm bkrus `jmfkcup kspjc gdjmtgigcksg dkm `jmebgmdkrg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pkhsu `j`ksucg rkmtkg dgstrglusg

<;: Bkrus dgljrgckm pjhktgbkm cbusus cjpkdk pjrsamgh ykme `jmkmekmg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `j`jrhuckm pjrsykrktkm pjmkmekmkm  ykme hjlgb cjtkt sjpjrtg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ljrlkbkyk( lkbkm rkdgakctgi( mkrcatgck( psgcatrapgck( rjmtkm umtuc dgskhkbeumkckm( dkm sjmsgtgi tjrbkdkp subu <;9 Vj`uk dacu`jmtksg pjhktgbkm bkrus dgsg`pkm( dkm jijctgvgtks pjhktgbkm bkrus dgjvkhuksg sjfkrk ljrckhk dkm dgdacu`jmtksgckm

BGEGJMJ <;5 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs ljrckgtkm djmekm bgegjmj pjrsamgh  ykme rjhjvkm djmekm cjegktkmmyk `jmfkcup cjsjbktkm( bgegjmj dkm pkckgkm cjrok <;2 Dghkrkme `jmyg`pkm `kckmkm( `gmu`km( racac ktku alkt umtuc pjmeeumkkm prglkdg dg krjk pjmyg`pkmkm <;7 ^jrsamgh ykme tjrckgt djmekm dgstrglusg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus `j`kckg pkckgkm ykme sjsukg umtuc cjegktkm ykme dghkcuckm ^jrsamgh ykme `jmkmekmg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ljrlkbkyk( tjr`ksuc ykme `jmekmdume lkbkm ykme skmekt kctgi "`gskhmyk carasgi( `udkb `jhjdkc( `udkb `jmykhk( `udkb tjrlkckr'( ljrkfum( dkpkt `jmegmijcsg ktku sjmsgtgsksg( bkrus dghjmeckpg djmekm pkckgkm pjhgmdume sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm cjsjbktkm dkm cjsjhk`ktkm cjrok "C6'

-7<<> Bkrus tjrsjdgk cjtjmtukm pjruskbkkm "fadjs "fadjs ai prkftgfj ' ykme `jmektur bkc dkm cjwkoglkm pjrsamgh tjr`ksuc mk`um tgdkc tjrlktks pkdk pj`ljrgkm skmcsg cjpkdk pjrsamgh ykme `jhkcuckm pjmyg`pkmekm dgstrglusg tjr`ksuc cjegktkm tjrckgt alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pkhsu

-;>-

LKL GGG LKMEZMKM DKM ^J\KHKTKM Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`ghgcg lkmeumkm dkm pjrkhktkm umtuc `jmok`gm pjrhgmdumekm dkm dgstrglusg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 6;

Lkmeumkm bkrus dgrkmfkme dkm dgsjsukgckm umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm ykme lkgc dkpkt dgpjrtkbkmckm( `j`pumykg cjk`kmkm ykme `j`kdkg dkm ckpksgtks ykme fucup umtuc `j`umecgmckm pjmyg`pkmkm dkm pjmkmekmkm alkt ykme lkgc( dkm krjk pjmyg`pkmkm dghjmeckpg djmekm pjmfkbkykkm ykme `j`kdkg umtuc `j`umecgmckm sj`uk cjegktkm dghkcskmkckm sjfkrk kcurkt dkm k`km

6<  Ogck lkmeumkm "tjr`ksuc skrkmk pjmumokme' luckm `ghgc sjmdgrg( `kck bkrus tjrsjdgk camtrkc tjrtuhgs dkm pjmejhahkkm lkmeumkm tjrsjlut bkrus `jmokdg tkmeeume okwkl dkrg iksghgtks dgstrglusg 66

Bkrus kdk krjk tjrpgskb dkm tjrcumfg kmtkrk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `jmumeeu cjputuskm hjlgb hkmout `jmejmkg stktusmyk( `jhgputg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgduek pkhsu( ykme dgcj`lkhgckm( ykme dgtahkc( ykme kckm dg`usmkbckm( ykme dgtkrgc( dkm ykme cjdkhuwkrsk dkrg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dkpkt dgskhurckm

64  Ogck dgpjrhuckm krjk pjmyg`pkmkm djmekm camdgsg cbusus( bkrus dghkcuckm pjmejmdkhgkm ykme `j`kdkg umtuc `jmokek kekr sj`uk lkegkm tjrckgt djmekm krjk pjmyg`pkmkm ljrkdk dkhk` pkrk`jtjr subu( cjhj`lklkm dkm pjmfkbkykkm ykme dgpjrsykrktckm 6:

Bkrus tjrsjdgk camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm cbusus umtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `j`lutubckm pjmkmekmkm dkm cjwjmkmekm cbusus sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm "`gskhmyk mkrcatgck'

69

Bkrus tjrsjdgk krjk cbusus umtuc pjmyg`pkmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `jmekmdume lkbkm rkdgakctgi dkm lkbkm ljrlkbkyk hkgm  ykme dkpkt `jmg`luhckm rgsgca cjlkckrkm ktku hjdkckm "`gskhmyk eks ljrtjckmkm( `udkb tjrlkckr( fkgrkm dkm pkdktkm `udkb `jmykhk' sjsukg pjrsykrktkm cjsjhk`ktkm dkm cjk`kmkm

65

Krjk pjmjrg`kkm( pjmyg`pkmkm dkm pjmegrg`km bkrus tjrpgskb( tjrhgmdume dkrg camdgsg fukfk( dkm bkrus dgdjskgm djmekm lkgc sjrtk dghjmeckpg djmekm pjrkhktkm ykme `j`kdkg

62

Kcsjs `ksuc cj krjk pjmjrg`kkm( pjmyg`pkmkm dkm pjmegrg`km bkmyk dgljrgckm cjpkdk pjrsamgh ykme ljrwjmkme Hkmeckb pjmfjekbkm dkpkt ljrupk sgstj` khkr` dkm camtrah kcsjs ykme `j`kdkg

-;;67

Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs ykme `jmektur pjrsamgh tjr`ksuc pjrsamgh camtrkc ykme `j`ghgcg kcsjs tjrbkdkp alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dg krjk pjmjrg`kkm( pjmyg`pkmkm dkm pjmegrg`km( umtuc `j`gmg`khckm cj`umecgmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgljrgckm cjpkdk pgbkc ykme tgdkc ljrbkc

6;> Lkmeumkm dkm iksghgtks pjmyg`pkmkm bkrus ljrsgb dkm ljlks dkrg sk`pkb dkm djlu Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs( praerk` pj`ljrsgbkm dkm dacu`jmtksg pjhkcskmkkm pj`ljrsgbkm ^jrkhktkm pj`ljrsgb ykme dgpkckg bkrus sjsukg kekr tgdkc `jmokdg su`ljr camtk`gmksg tjrbkdkp alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 6;; Lkmeumkm dkm iksghgtks bkrus dgrkmfkme dkm dghjmeckpg( sjbgmeek `j`ljrgckm pjrhgmdumekm tjrbkdkp `ksucmyk sjrkmeek( bjwkm pjmejrkt ktku bjwkm hkgm ^raerk` pjmfjekbkm dkm pjmejmdkhgkm bk`k bkrus tjrsjdgk 6;< \ukme gstgrkbkt( taghjt dkm ckmtgm umtuc pjrsamgh bkrus tjrpgskb dkrg krjk pjmyg`pkmkm

VZBZ DKM ^JMEJMDKHGKM HGMECZMEKM 6;6 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs dkm pjrkhktkm ykme sjsukg umtuc `jmejmdkhgckm hgmecumekm sjhk`k pjmyg`pkmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt Ikctar hgmecumekm ykme bkrus dgpjrtg`lkmeckm( kmtkrk hkgm subu( cjhj`lklkm( dkm cjljrsgbkm lkmeumkm 6;4 Krjk pjmyg`pkmkm bkrus dgpjtkckm pkdk camdgsg subu ykme `jwkcghg Vjljhu` dgeumkckm( bkrus dghkcuckm pj`jtkkm kwkh sjsukg djmekm prasjdur tjrtuhgs ^j`jtkkm bkrus dguhkme sjsukg djmekm bksgh ckogkm rgsgca ktku ogck dghkcuckm `adgigcksg ykme sgemgigckm tjrbkdkp iksghgtks ktku pjrkhktkm pjmejmdkhg subu ^jrkhktkm pj`kmtkukm subu bkrus dgtj`pktckm sjsukg djmekm bksgh pj`jtkkm

^J\KHKTKM 6;: Vj`uk pjrkhktkm umtuc pjmyg`pkmkm dkm pjmykhurkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgdjskgm( dghjtkcckm dkm dgpjhgbkrk sjsukg djmekm stkmdkr ykme dgtjtkpckm Bkrus tjrsjdgk praerk` pjrkwktkm umtuc pjrkhktkm vgtkh( sjpjrtg tjr`a`jtjr( ejmsjt( dkm fbghhjr 6;9 ^jrkhktkm ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `jmejmdkhgckm ktku `j`amgtar hgmecumekm pjmyg`pkmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgckhglrksg( sjrtk cjljmkrkm dkm cjsjsukgkm tuoukm pjmeeumkkm dgvjrgigcksg sjfkrk ljrckhk djmekm `jtadahaeg ykme tjpkt Ckhglrksg pjrkhktkm bkrus `k`pu tjrtjhusur 6;5 Cjegktkm pjrlkgckm( pj`jhgbkrkkm( dkm ckhglrksg pjrkhktkm bkrus dghkcuckm sjdj`gcgkm rupk sjbgmeek tgdkc `j`pjmekrubg `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt

-;<6;2 Dacu`jmtksg ykme `j`kdkg umtuc cjegktkm pjrlkgckm( pj`jhgbkrkkm dkm ckhglrksg pjrkhktkm utk`k bkrus dglukt dkm dgsg`pkm ^jrkhktkm tjrsjlut `gskhmyk tj`pkt pjmyg`pkmkm subu dgmegm( tjr`abgera`jtjr( ktku khkt hkgm pjmfktkt subu dkm cjhj`lklkm( umgt pjmejmdkhg udkrk dkm pjrkhktkm hkgm ykme dgeumkckm pkdk rkmtkg dgstrglusg

VGVTJ@ CA@^ZTJ\ 6;7 Vjljhu` sgstj` ca`putjrgsksg dgeumkckm( bkrus dguog sjfkrk `jmyjhurub dkm dgpkstgckm cj`k`pukmmyk `j`ljrgckm bksgh ykme dggmegmckm 6<> Bkrus dglukt dkm sjhkhu dg`utkcbgrckm djscrgpsg tjrtuhgs ykme rgmfg dkrg sgstj` "tjr`ksuc dgkerk` ogck dgpjrhuckm' Djscrgpsg tjrsjlut bkrus `jmojhksckm prgmsgp( tuoukm( tgmdkckm pjmek`kmkm dkm rukme hgmecup sgstj`( sjrtk ‘igtur‐ utk`k fkrk pjmeeumkkm ca`putjr ca`putjr dkm gmtjrkcsgmyk djmekm sgstj` hkgm 6<; Dktk bkmyk lahjb dg`ksucckm ktku dgulkb cj dkhk` sgstj` ca`putjr ahjb pjrsamgh ykme ljrwjmkme 6<< Dktk bkrus dgk`kmckm sjfkrk jhjctramgc ktku igsgc umtuc `jmekmtgsgpksg cjruskckm ykme dgsjmekok ktku tgdkc dgsjmekok Cj`udkbkm dkhk` `jmekcsjs "kcsjsglghgtks'( `ksk sg`pkm dkm cjtjpktkm dktk tjrsg`pkm bkrus dgpjrgcsk 6<6 Dktk bkrus dghgmdumeg djmekm `j`lukt lkfc up  dktk sjfkrk ljrckhk dkm tjrktur Lkfc up dktk up dktk bkrus dgsg`pkm dg hacksg tjrpgskb dkm k`km sjhk`k tgdkc curkme dkrg 6 tkbum ktku sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 6<4 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc pjmkmekmkm cjekekhkm ktku cjruskckm sgstj` ca`putjrgsksg tjr`ksuc sgstj` umtuc rjstarksg dktk 6<:  Ogck dgeumkckm trkmskcsg jhjctramgc kmtkrk iksghgtks dgstrglusg puskt djmekm fklkme umtuc tkbkp pjmekdkkm( bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs dkm sgstj` ykme `j`kdkg umtuc `j`kstgckm cj`k`pukm tjhusur dkm cjpkstgkm `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt Tgkp trkmskcsg jhjctramgc tjrsjlut bkrus dghkcuckm ljrdkskrckm pjrsjtuoukm pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg

CZKHGIGCKVG DKM YKHGDKVG 6<9 Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jmjtkpckm cukhgigcksg dkm!ktku vkhgdksg  ykme dgpjrhuckm umtuc pjmejmdkhgkm cjegktkm dgstrglusg \ukme hgmecup dkm `jtadj vkhgdksg bkrus dgtjtkpckm ljrdkskrckm pjmdjcktkm kmkhgsgs rgsgca Cjegktkm vkhgdksg bkrus dgrjmfkmkckm dkm dgdacu`jmtksgckm ^jrjmfkmkkm bkrus `j`ukt crgtjrgk ykme dgpjrsykrktckm

-;66<5 Vjljhu` pjhkcskmkkm dkm ogck kdk pjrulkbkm ykme sgemgigckm ktku uperkdj ( sgstj` bkrus dgvkhgdksg( umtuc `j`kstgckm cjljmkrkm gmstkhksg dkm apjrksgamkh 6<2 Hkparkm vkhgdksg bkrus `j`ukt bksgh vkhgdksg dkm sj`uk pjmyg`pkmekm ykme tjrokdg sjrtk tgmdkckm pjrlkgckm dkm pjmfjekbkm "FK^K' ykme pjrhu dghkcuckm Hkparkm dkm luctg pjhkcskmkkm vkhgdksg bkrus dglukt dkm dgsjtuoug ahjb pjrsamjh ykme ljrwjmkme 6<7  Ogck pjrkhktkm `j`jrhuckm pjrlkgckm ktku pjrkwktkm ykme `jmekcglktckm pjrulkbkm sjfkrk sgemgigckm( bkrus dghkcuckm cukhgigcksg uhkme djmekm `jmeeumkckm pjmdjcktkm kmkhgs rgsgca

-;4-

LKL GY A^J\KVGAMKH  Vj`uk tgmdkckm ykme dghkcuckm ahjb iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus dkpkt `j`kstgckm lkbwk gdjmtgtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tgdkc bghkme dkm dgstrglusgmyk dgtkmekmg sjsukg djmekm spjsgigcksg ykme tjrfkmtu` pkdk cj`kskm Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jmeeumkckm sj`uk pjrkmeckt dkm fkrk  ykme tjrsjdgk umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk su`ljr alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt  ykme dgtjrg`k ljrkskh dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg dkm!ktku iksghgtks dgstrglusg hkgm  ykme `j`pumykg gzgm sjsukg pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm umtuc `j`gmg`khckm rgsgca alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pkhsu `j`ksucg rkmtkg dgstrglusg rjs`g

CZKHGIGCKVG ^J@KVAC 4; Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`pjrahjb pksackm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkrg pj`ksac ykme `j`pumykg gzgm sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 4<  Ogck alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgpjrahjb dkrg iksghgtks dgstrglusg hkgm( `kck iksghgtks dgstrglusg wkogl `j`kstgckm lkbwk pj`ksac tjrsjlut `j`pumykg gzgm sjrtk `jmjrkpckm prgmsgp dkm ^jda`km FDAL 46  Ogck alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgpjrahjb dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg( `kck iksghgtks dgstrglusg wkogl `j`kstgckm lkbwk pj`ksac tjrsjlut `j`pumykg gzgm sjrtk `jmjrkpckm prgmsgp dkm ^jda`km F^AL 44  Ogck lkbkm alkt dgpjrahjb dkrg gmdustrg mam-ikr`ksg ykme `j`praducsg lkbkm alkt djmekm stkmdkr `utu ikr`ksg( `kck iksghgtks dgstrglusg wkogl `j`kstgckm lkbwk pj`ksac tjrsjlut `j`pumykg gzgm sjrtk `jmjrkpckm prgmsgp F^AL 4: ^jmekdkkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgcjmdkhgckm djmekm prasjdur tjrtuhgs dkm rkmtkg pksackm bkrus dggdjmtgigcksg sjrtk dgdacu`jmtksgckm 49 Bkrus dghkcuckm cukhgigcksg ykme tjpkt sjljhu` pjmekdkkm dghkcskmkckm ^j`ghgbkm pj`ksac( tjr`ksuc cukhgigcksg dkm pjrsjtuoukm pjmumouckmmyk( `jrupkckm bkh apjrksgamkh ykme pjmtgme ^j`ghgbkm pj`ksac bkrus dgcjmdkhgckm djmekm prasjdur tjrtuhgs dkm bksghmyk dgdacu`jmtksgckm sjrtk dgpjrgcsk uhkme sjfkrk ljrckhk 45 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs ykme `jmektur cjegktkm kd`gmgstrktgi  dkm tjcmgs tjrckgt wjwjmkme pjmekdkkm dkm pjmdgstrglusgkm( eumk `j`kstgckm lkbwk alkt bkmyk dgpjrahjb dkrg pj`ksac ykme `j`ghgcg gzgm dkm dgdgstrglusgckm ahjb iksghgtks dgstrglusg rjs`g 42 Vjljhu` `j`uhkg cjroksk`k djmekm pj`ksac lkru( iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jhkcuckm pjmeckogkm eumk `j`kstgckm fkham pj`ksac tjrsjlut sjsukg( ca`pjtjm dkm dkpkt dgpjrfkyk umtuc `j`ksac alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt Dkhk` bkh gmg( pjmdjcktkm ljrlksgs rgsgca bkrus dghkcuckm

-;:djmekm `j`pjrtg`lkmeckm? k' rjputksg ktku tgmeckt cjkmdkhkm sjrtk cjklskbkm apjrksgamkhmyk l' alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjrtjmtu ykme rkwkm tjrbkdkp pj`khsukm f' pjmkwkrkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkhk` ou`hkb ljskr ykme lgkskmyk bkmyk tjrsjdgk dkhk` ou`hkb tjrlktks d' bkrek ykme tgdkc wkokr

CZKHGIGCKVG ^JHKMEEKM 47 Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`kstgckm lkbwk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkmyk dgskhurckm cjpkdk pgbkc ykme ljrbkc ktku ljrwjmkme umtuc `jmyjrkbckm alkt cj `ksykrkckt Luctg cukhgigcksg pjhkmeekm bkrus dgdacu`jmtksgckm djmekm lkgc 4;>^j`jrgcskkm dkm pj`jrgcskkm uhkme sjfkrk ljrckhk dkpkt `jmfkcup tjtkpg tgdkc tjrlktks pkdk pjr`gmtkkm skhgmkm surkt gzgm pjhkmeekm 4;;Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`kmtku tgkp trkmskcsg ykme dghkcuckm dkm `jhkcuckm pjmyjhgdgckm ogck dgtj`uckm pjmyg`pkmekm pahk trkmskcsg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme ljrgsgca tjrbkdkp pjmykhkbeumkkm( sjrtk umtuc `j`kstgckm cjwkoglkm pjhkykmkm dgstrglusg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cjpkdk `ksykrkckt tjrpjmubg

^JMJ\G@KKM 4;<^rasjs pjmjrg`kkm ljrtuoukm umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk cgrg`km alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtjrg`k ljmkr( ljrkskh dkrg pj`ksac ykme dgsjtuoug( tgdkc ruskc ktku tgdkc `jmekhk`g pjrulkbkm sjhk`k trkmspartksg 4;6Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tgdkc lahjb dgtjrg`k ogck cjdkhuwkrsk( ktku `jmdjcktg tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk sjbgmeek cj`umecgmkm ljskr alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjhkb cjdkhuwkrsk sjljhu` dgeumkckm ahjb camsu`jm 4;4Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `j`jrhuckm pjmyg`pkmkm ktku tgmdkckm pjmek`kmkm cbusus( bkrus sjejrk dgpgmdkbckm cj tj`pkt pjmyg`pkmkm ykme sjsukg sjtjhkb dghkcuckm pj`jrgcskkm 4;:Ma`ar ljts dkm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgfktkt pkdk skkt pjmjrg`kkm( umtuc `j`pjr`udkb pjmjhusurkm 4;9Ogck dgtj`uckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgduek pkhsu( ljts tjrsjlut bkrus sjejrk dgpgskbckm dkm dghkparckm cj gmstkmsg ljrwjmkme( dkm cj pj`jekme gzgm jdkr 4;5^jmegrg`km alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtjrg`k dkrg skrkmk trkmspartksg bkrus dgpjrgcsk sjlkekg ljmtuc vjrgigcksg tjrbkdkp cjutubkm camtkgmjr ! sgstj` pjmutup( igsgc dkm igtur cj`kskm sjrtk hkljh cj`kskm

-;9-

^JMWG@^KMKM 4;2^jmyg`pkmkm dkm pjmkmekmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus `j`ktubg pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 4;7Camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm umtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus sjsukg djmekm rjca`jmdksg dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg ktku mam-ikr`ksg ykme `j`praducsg lkbkm alkt stkmdkr `utu ikr`ksg

4<>Yahu`j pj`jskmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus `j`pjrbgtumeckm ckpksgtks skrkmk pjmyg`pkmkm 4<;Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgsg`pkm tjrpgskb dkrg praduc sjhkgm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkm tjrhgmdume dkrg dk`pkc ykme tgdkc dggmegmckm kcglkt pkpkrkm fkbkyk `ktkbkrg( subu( cjhj`lklkm ktku ikctar jcstjrmkh hkgm ^jrbktgkm cbusus bkrus dgljrgckm umtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `j`lutubckm camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm cbusus 4<<Camtkgmjr alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtjrg`k bkrus dgljrsgbckm sjljhu` dgsg`pkm 4<6Cjegktkm ykme tjrckgt djmekm pjmyg`pkmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus `j`kstgckm tjrpjmubgmyk camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm ykme dgpjrsykrktckm dkm `j`umecgmckm pjmyg`pkmkm sjfkrk tjrktur sjsukg cktjeargmyk3 alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkhk` stktus ckrkmtgmk( dghuhusckm( dgtahkc( dgcj`lkhgckm( dgtkrgc ktku dgduek pkhsu 4<4Bkrus dgk`lgh hkmeckb-hkmeckb umtuc `j`kstgckm ratksg stafc sjsukg djmekm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt `jmegcutg ckgdkb Igrst Jxpgrjd Igrst Aut "IJIA'  4<:Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgtkmekmg dkm dgsg`pkm sjdj`gcgkm rupk umtuc `jmfjekb tu`pkbkm( cjruskckm( camtk`gmksg dkm fk`pur-lkur Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tgdkc lahjb hkmesume dghjtkcckm dg hkmtkg 4<9Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme cjdkhuwkrsk bkrus sjejrk dgtkrgc( dgpgskbckm sjfkrk igsgc dkm dglhacgr sjfkrk jhjctramgc ^jmkrgckm sjfkrk igsgc umtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cjdkhuwkrsk bkrus dghkcuckm sjfkrk ljrckhk 4<5Zmtuc `jmokek kcurksg pjrsjdgkkm stac( bkrus dghkcuckm stafc apmk`j sjfkrk ljrckhk ljrdkskrckm pjmdjcktkm rgsgca 4<2^jrljdkkm stac bkrus dgsjhgdgcg sjsukg djmekm prasjdur tjrtuhgs ykme dgtjmtuckm umtuc `j`jrgcsk kdk tgdkcmyk fk`pur-lkur( cjskhkbkm cjhukr-`ksuc( pjmfurgkm( pjmykhkbeumkkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt Dacu`jmtksg ykme ljrckgtkm djmekm pjmyjhgdgckm bkrus dgsg`pkm umtuc okmeck wkctu ykme tjhkb dgtjmtuckm

-;5-

^J@GVKBKM ALKT DKM!KTKZ LKBKM ALKT 4<7Ogck dgpjrhuckm( alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `j`pumykg pjrsykrktkm cbusus bkrus dgsg`pkm dg tj`pkt tjrpgskb djmekm hkljh  ykme ojhks dkm kcsjs `ksuc dglktksg bkmyk umtuc pjrsamgh ykme ljrwjmkme Vgstj` ca`putjrgsksg ykme dgeumkckm dkhk` pj`gskbkm sjfkrk jhjctramgc bkrus dkpkt `j`ljrgckm tgmeckt cjk`kmkm ykme sjtkrk dkm bkrus tjrvkhgdksg 46>Bkrus tjrsjdgk tj`pkt cbusus djmekm hkljh ykme ojhks( k`km dkm tjrcumfg umtuc pjmyg`pkmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtahkc( cjdkhuwkrsk( pjmkrgckm cj`lkhg( praduc cj`lkhgkm dkm alkt dgduek pkhsu 46;Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtahkc dkm dgcj`lkhgckm cj iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus dgljrg hkljh ykme ojhks dkm dgtkmekmg sjsukg djmekm prasjdur tjrtuhgs

^J@ZVMKBKM ALKT DKM!KTKZ LKBKM ALKT 46<^j`usmkbkm dghkcskmkckm tjrbkdkp alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme tgdkc `j`jmubg sykrkt umtuc dgdgstrglusgckm 466Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme kckm dg`usmkbckm bkrus dggdjmtgigcksg sjfkrk tjpkt( dgljrg hkljh ykme ojhks( dgsg`pkm sjfkrk tjrpgskb dkm tjrcumfg sjrtk dgtkmekmg sjsukg djmekm prasjdur tjrtuhgs ^rasjdur tjrtuhgs tjrsjlut bkrus `j`pjrbktgckm dk`pkc tjrbkdkp cjsjbktkm( pjmfjekbkm pjmfj`krkm hgmecumekm dkm cjlafarkm! pjmyg`pkmekm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cjpkdk pgbkc ykme tgdkc ljrwjmkme 464^rasjs pj`usmkbkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjr`ksuc pjhkparkmmyk bkrus dghkcskmkckm sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 46:Dacu`jmtksg tjrckgt pj`usmkbkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjr`ksuc hkparkmmyk bkrus dgsg`pkm sjsukg cjtjmtukm

^JMEK@LGHKM 469^rasjs pjmek`lghkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dghkcuckm djmekm tjpkt sjsukg djmekm dacu`jm ykme tjrsjdgk umtuc `j`kstgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgk`lgh ljmkr Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt  ykme dgk`lgh bkrus `j`ghgcg `ksk sg`pkm ykme fucup sjljhu` cjdkhuwkrsk dkm ljrdkskrckm IJIA  Ma`ar ljts alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgfktkt ^jmejfukhgkm dkpkt dggzgmckm ogck kdk camtrah ykme `j`kdkg umtuc `jmfjekb pjmdgstrglusgkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cjdkhuwkrsk ^JMEJ@KVKM 465Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgcj`ks sjdj`gcgkm rupk sjbgmeek cjruskckm( camtk`gmksg dkm pjmfurgkm dkpkt dgbgmdkrg Cj`kskm bkrus `j`kdkg umtuc `j`pjrtkbkmckm camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm alkt

-;2dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt sjhk`k trkmspartksg Camtkgmjr alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme kckm dgcgrg`ckm bkrus dgsjejh

^JMEG\G@KM 462^jmegrg`km alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgtuouckm cjpkdk pjhkmeekm ykme `j`pumykg gzgm sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkmeumdkmekm 467Zmtuc pjmykhurkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj arkme ! pgbkc ykme ljrwjmkme ktku ljrbkc umtuc cjpjrhukm cbusus( sjpjrtg pjmjhgtgkm( spjfgkh kffjss  dkm uog chgmgc( bkrus dghjmeckpg djmekm dacu`jm ykme `jmfkcup tkmeekh( mk`k alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt( ljmtuc sjdgkkm( ma`ar ljts( ou`hkb( mk`k dkm khk`kt pj`ksac( mk`k dkm khk`kt pj`jskm ! pjmjrg`k ^rasjs pjmegrg`km dkm camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm bkrus sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg Dacu`jmtksg bkrus dgsg`pkm dkm `k`pu tjrtjhusur 44>^rasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc pjmegrg`km alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus tjrsjdgk ^rasjdur tjrsjlut bkrus `j`pjrtg`lkmeckm sgikt alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt sjrtk tgmdkckm pjmfjekbkm cbusus 44;Dacu`jm umtuc pjmegrg`km alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgsgkpckm dkm bkrus `jmfkcup sjcurkme-curkmemyk gmiar`ksg ljrgcut?   Tkmeekh pjmegrg`km3  Mk`k hjmeckp( khk`kt "tkmpk kcramg`'( ma`ar tjhjpam dkm stktus dkrg pjmjrg`k "`gskhmyk Kpatjc( ru`kb skcgt ktku chgmgc'3  Djscrgpsg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt( `gskhmyk mk`k( ljmtuc sjdgkkm dkm cjcuktkm "ogck pjrhu'3  ma`ar ljts dkm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk  Cukmtgtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt( ykgtu ou`hkb camtkgmjr dkm cukmtgtks pjr camtkgmjr "ogck pjrhu'3  Ma`ar dacu`jm umtuc gdjmtgigcksg ardjr pjmegrg`km   Trkmspartksg ykme dgeumkckm `jmfkcup mk`k dkm khk`kt pjruskbkkm jcspjdgsg sjrtk tkmdk tkmekm dkm mk`k ojhks pjrsamgh jcspjdgsg ykme `jmjrg`k "ogck `jmeeumkckm oksk jcspjdgsg' dkm camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm3

JCV^A\ DKM G@^A\ 44<Jcspar alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkpkt dghkcuckm ahjb iksghgtks dgstrglusg ykme `j`ghgcg gzgm 446^jmekdkkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt `jhkhug g`partksg dghkcskmkckm sjsukg pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 444Dg pjhklubkm `ksuc( pjmegrg`km alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgsg`pkm pkdk camdgsg ykme sjsukg dkhk` wkctu sjsgmeckt `umecgm 44:G`partgr bkrus `j`kstgckm lkbwk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgtkmekmg sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm pjmyg`pkmkm pkdk skkt dg pjhklubkm `ksuc kekr tjrbgmdkr dkrg cjruskckm

-;7449Ogck dgpjrhuckm( pjrsamgh ykme tjrhglkt dkhk` g`partksg bkrus `j`pumykg cj`k`pukm `jhkhug pjhktgbkm ktku pjmejtkbukm cbusus cjikr`ksgkm dkm bkrus dkpkt dgbulumeg

-<>-

LKL Y GMV^JCVG DG\G Gmspjcsg dgrg bkrus dghkcuckm dkhk` rkmeck `j`kmtku pjhkcskmkkm dkm cjpktubkm tjrbkdkp pj`jmubkm FDAL dkm umtuc lkbkm tgmdkc hkmout hkmeckb-hkmeckb pjrlkgckm ykme dgpjrhuckm :;

^raerk` gmspjcsg dgrg bkrus dghkcskmkckm dkhk` okmeck wkctu ykme dgtjtkpckm dkm `jmfkcup sj`uk kspjc FDAL sjrtk cjpktubkm tjrbkdkp pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm( pjda`km dkm prasjdur tjrtuhgs Gmspjcsg dgrg tgdkc bkmyk dghkcuckm pkdk lkegkm tjrtjmtu skok

:<

Gmspjcsg dgrg bkrus dghkcuckm djmekm fkrk ykme gmdjpjmdjm dkm rgmfg ahjb pjrsamgh ykme ca`pjtjm dkm dgtumouc ahjb pjruskbkkm Kudgt jcstjrmkh ykme dghkcuckm ahjb kbhg gmdjpjmdjm dkpkt `j`lkmtu( mk`um tgdkc lgsk dgokdgckm sjlkekg sktu-sktumyk fkrk umtuc `j`kstgckm cjpktubkm tjrbkdkp pjmjrkpkm FDAL

:6

Kudgt tjrbkdkp cjegktkm ykme dgsulcamtrkcckm bkrus `jmokdg lkegkm dkrg praerk` gmspjcsg-dgrg

:4

Vj`uk pjhkcskmkkm gmspjcsg dgrg bkrus dgfktkt Hkparkm bkrus ljrgsg sj`uk pjmek`ktkm ykme dghkcuckm sjhk`k gmspjcsg Vkhgmkm hkparkm tjrsjlut bkrus dgsk`pkgckm cjpkdk `kmkoj`jm dkm pgbkc tjrckgt hkgmmyk Ogck dkhk` pjmek`ktkm dgtj`uckm kdkmyk pjmyg`pkmekm dkm!ktku cjcurkmekm( `kck pjmyjlklmyk bkrus dggdjmtgigcksg dkm dglukt FK^K  FK^K bkrus FK^K bkrus dgdacu`jmtksgckm dkm dgtgmdkchkmoutg

-<;-

LKL YG CJHZBKM( ALKT DKM!KTKZ LKBKM ALKT CJ@LKHGKM( DGDZEK ^KHVZ DKM ^JMK\GCKM CJ@LKHG

Vj`uk cjhubkm dkm gmiar`ksg hkgm tjmtkme alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ljrpatjmsg ruskc bkrus dgcu`puhckm( dgckog dkm dgsjhgdgcg sjsukg djmekm prasjdur tjrtuhgs Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme kckm dgoukh cj`lkhg bkrus `jhkhug pjrsjtuoukm dkrg pjrsamgh ykme ljrtkmeeume okwkl sjsukg djmekm cjwjmkmekmmyk Dgpjrhuckm caardgmksg dkrg sjtgkp gmstkmsg( gmdustrg ikr`ksg dkm iksghgtks dgstrglusg dkhk` `jmkmekmg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgduek pkhsu  Ogck dgpjrhuckm( dglutubckm suktu sgstj` ykme ca`prjbjmsgi umtuc `jmkmekmg sj`uk cksus( tjr`ksuc fkrk pjmkrgckm cj`lkhg Bkrus tjrsjdgk dacu`jmtksg umtuc sjtgkp prasjs pjmkmekmkm cjhubkm tjr`ksuc pjmej`lkhgkm dkm pjmkrgckm cj`lkhg sjrtk dghkparckm cjpkdk pgbkc ykme ljrwjmkme

CJHZBKM 9; Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs dg tj`pkt umtuc pjmkmekmkm cjhubkm Bkrus dgljdkckm kmtkrk cjhubkm tjmtkme cukhgtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkm cjhubkm ykme ljrckgtkm djmekm dgstrglusg Cjhubkm tjmtkme cukhgtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgljrgtkbuckm sjsjejrk `umecgm cjpkdk gmdustrg ikr`ksg dkm!ktku pj`jekme gzgm jdkr 9< Bkrus tjrsjdgk fktktkm tjrbkdkp pjmkmekmkm cjhubkm tjr`ksuc wkctu  ykme dgpjrhuckm umtuc tgmdkc hkmoutmyk dkm dgdacu`jmtksgckm 96 Bkrus kdk pjrsamgh ykme dgtumouc umtuc `jmkmekmg cjhubkm 94 Vjtgkp cjhubkm tjmtkme alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme tgdkc `j`jmubg sykrkt bkrus dgfktkt dkm dgsjhgdgcg sjfkrk `jmyjhurub umtuc `jmegdjmtgigcksg kskh ktku khkskm cjhubkm( tjr`ksuc pjmyjhgdgckm tjrbkdkp ljts hkgmmyk 9: Vj`uk cjhubkm dkm gmiar`ksg hkgm `jmejmkg praduc ykme ruskc dkm dgduek pkhsu bkrus dgtjhgtg "dggdjmtgigcksg' ! dgtgmoku dkm dgfktkt sjsukg djmekm prasjdur ykme `jmojhksckm tjmtkme tgmdkckm ykme bkrus dghkcskmkckm 99 Vjtgkp cjhubkm bkrus dgcjha`pacckm sjsukg djmekm ojmgs cjhubkm dkm dghkcuckm trjmd kmkhysgs tjrbkdkp kmkhysgs tjrbkdkp cjhubkm

-<<-

ALKT DKM!KTKZ LKBKM ALKTCJ@LKHGKM 95 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc pjmkmekmkm dkm pjmjrg`kkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm djmekm `j`pjrbktgckm bkh ljrgcut? k' ^jmjrg`kkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm bkrus ljrdkskrckm surkt pjmegrg`km lkrkme dkrg skrkmk ykme `jmej`lkhgckm3 l'  Ou`hkb dkm gdjmtgigcksg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm bkrus dgfktkt dkhk` fktktkm pjmjrg`kkm dkm pjmej`lkhgkm lkrkme 92 Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jmjrg`k alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg! iksghgtks dgstrglusg hkgm Cjduk ljhkb pgbkc bkrus ljrtkmeeume okwkl umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk prasjs pjmej`lkhgkm alkt tgdkc `j`umecgmckm `ksucmyk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pkhsu cj dkhk` rkmtkg dgstrglusg 97 Bkrus dghkcuckm pjmghkgkm rgsgca tjrbkdkp alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt  ykme ljrskmecutkm( tjrckgt pjrsykrktkm pjmyg`pkmkm cbusus dkm wkctu ykme dgpjrhuckm sjokc pjmegrg`km dkrg pjhkmeekm sk`pkg dgtjrg`k ahjb gmdustrg ikr`ksg 9;> Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm bkrus dgsg`pkm tjrpgskb dkrg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `j`jmubg sykrkt oukh dkm dkhk` krjk tjrcumfg sjrtk dgljrg hkljh ykme ojhks sk`pkg kdk cjputuskm tgmdkc hkmout 9;; ^jmghkgkm ykme dgpjrhuckm dkm cjputuskm `jmejmkg stktus alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjrsjlut bkrus dghkcuckm ahjb pjrsamgh ykme ljrwjmkme 9;< ^jrsykrktkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme hkykc dgoukh cj`lkhg( kmtkrk hkgm ogck? k' alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkhk` cj`kskm kshg dkm camdgsg ykme `j`jmubg sykrkt sjrtk `j`jmubg cjtjmtukm3 l' alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm sjhk`k pjmegrg`km dkm pjmyg`pkmkm dgtkmekmg sjsukg djmekm camdgsg ykme dgpjrsykrktckm3 f' alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm dgpjrgcsk dkm dgmghkg ahjb pjmkmeeume okwkl ktku pjrsamgh ykme tjrhktgb( ca`pjtjm dkm ljrwjmkme3 d' Iksghgtks dgstrglusg `j`pumykg luctg dacu`jmtksg tjmtkme cjljmkrkm kskh-usuh alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjr`ksuc gdjmtgtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm tjrsjlut luckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pkhsu 9;6 Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `j`jrhuckm pjmyg`pkmkm ykme rjmdkb tgdkc dkpkt dgcj`lkhgckm

camdgsg

subu

-<69;4 Vj`uk pjmkmekmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm tjr`ksuc  ykme hkykc oukh ktku ykme dkpkt dg`usmkbckm bkrus `jmdkpkt pjrsjtuoukm pjmkmeeume okwkl dkm tjrdacu`jmtksg 9;: Trkmspartksg 9;: Trkmspartksg ykme dgeumkckm umtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm bkrus dgpkstgckm sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm pjmyg`pkmkm dkm pjrsykrktkm hkgmmyk ykme rjhjvkm 9;9 Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm ykme hkykc oukh bkrus dgtj`pktckm sjdj`gcgkm rupk sjbgmeek sgstj` pjmejhukrkm lkrkme dkpkt dgok`gm sjsukg djmekm IJIA

ALKT DKM!KTKZ LKBKM ALKT DGDZEK ^KHVZ 9;5 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc pjmkmekmkm dkm pjmjrg`kkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgduek pkhsu 9;2 Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus sjejrk `jhkparckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgduek pkhsu cjpkdk gmstkmsg ykme ljrwjmkme( gmdustrg ikr`ksg dkm!ktku pj`jekme gzgm jdkr 9;7 Vjtgkp alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgduek pkhsu bkrus dgckrkmtgmk dgrukme tjrpgskb( tjrcumfg dkm dgljrg hkljh ykme ojhks 9<> Zmtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgduek pkhsu( pjmykhurkmmyk bkrus dgbjmtgckm( sjejrk dghkparckm cj gmstkmsg tjrckgt dkm `jmumeeu tgmdkc hkmout dkrg gmstkmsg ykme ljrwjmkme 9<; Vjtjhkb kdk pj`kstgkm lkbwk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjrsjlut pkhsu( `kck bkrus sjejrk dgtgmdkchkmoutg sjsukg djmekm gmstrucsg dkrg gmstkmsg ykme ljrwjmkme 9<< Vj`uk cjegktkm tjrsjlut bkrus tjrdacu`jmtksg

^JMK\GCKM CJ@LKHG ALKT DKM!KTKZ LKBKM ALKT 9<6 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc pjmkmekmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtkrgc cj`lkhg 9<4 ^jmkmeeume okwkl bkrus `j`ljmtuc tg` cbusus ykme ljrtkmeeeume  okwkl tjrbkdkp pjmkmekmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtkrgc dkrg pjrjdkrkm 9<: Vj`uk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtkrgc bkrus dgtj`pktckm sjfkrk tjrpgskb( k`km dkm tjrcumfg sjrtk dgljrg hkljh ykme ojhks 9<9 ^rasjs pjmyg`pkmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtkrgc bkrus sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm pjmyg`pkmkm sk`pkg dgtgmdkc hkmoutg 9<5 ^jrcj`lkmekm prasjs pjmkrgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgdacu`jmtksgckm dkm dghkparckm( sjrtk dglukt hkparkm kcbgr sjtjhkb sjhjskg pjmkrgckm( tjr`ksuc rjcamsghgksg kmtkrk ou`hkb ykme dgcgrg`

-<4dkm dgcj`lkhgckm 9<2 ^jhkcskmkkm prasjs pjmkrgckm cj`lkhg bkrus dghkcuckm sjejrk sjtjhkb kdk pj`ljrgtkbukm 9<7 Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jmegcutg gmstrucsg pjmkrgckm ykme dgbkrusckm ahjb gmstkmsg ljrwjmkme ktku gmdustrg ikr`ksg dkm!ktku pj`jekme gzgm jdkr 96> Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`pumykg dacu`jmtksg tjmtkme gmiar`ksg pjhkmeekm "kmtkrk hkgm khk`kt( ma`ar tjhjpam( ikcs' dkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt "kmtkrk hkgm ljts( ou`hkb ykme dgcgrg`' 96; Dacu`jmtksg pjhkcskmkkm pjmkrgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus sjhkhu tjrsjdgk pkdk skkt pj`jrgcskkm dkrg gmstkmsg ljrwjmkme 96< Jijctgvgtks pjhkcskmkkm pjmkrgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgjvkhuksg sjfkrk ljrckhk 966 ^jhkcskmkkm pjmkrgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dggmiar`ksgckm cj gmdustrg ikr`ksg dkm!ktku pj`jekme gzgm jdkr Gmiar`ksg tjmtkme pjmkrgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgsk`pkgckm cj gmstkmsg ljrwjmkme lkgc dg puskt `kupum dkjrkb 964 ^kdk camdgsg tjrtjmtu( prasjdur dkrurkt pjmkrgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkpkt dghkcskmkckm 96: Vj`uk dacu`jm pjmkrgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgdacu`jmtksgckm ahjb pjmkmeeume okwkl sjsukg djmekm cjwjmkmekm  ykme tjrfkmtu` pkdk urkgkm tueks Vj`uk prasjs pjmkmekmkm gmg bkrus tjrdacu`jmtksg djmekm lkgc

-<:-

LKL YGG T\KMV^A\TKVG Vjhk`k prasjs trkmspartksg( bkrus dgtjrkpckm `jtadj trkmspartksg ykme `j`kdkg Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgkmecut djmekm camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm sjsukg djmekm gmiar`ksg pkdk cj`kskm @jtadj trkmspartksg  ykme tjpkt bkrus dgeumkckm `jmfkcup trkmspartksg `jhkhug dkrkt( hkut( udkrk ktku ca`lgmksg dg ktks Kpkpum `adk trkmspartksg ykme dgpghgb( bkrus dkpkt `jmok`gm lkbwk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tgdkc `jmekhk`g pjrulkbkm camdgsg sjhk`k trkmspartksg ykme dkpkt `jmeurkmeg `utu ^jmdjcktkm ljrlksgs rgsgca bkrus dgeumkckm cjtgck `jrjmfkmkckm rutj trkmspartksg

T\KMV^A\TKVG DKM ^\ADZC DKHK@ T\KMVGT 5; Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkm camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km bkrus k`km umtuc `jmfjekb kcsjs ykme tgdkc skb Cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrsamgh ykme tjrhglkt dkhk` pjmegrg`km bkrus dghjmeckpg djmekm pjrkhktkm cjk`kmkm tk`lkbkm ykme sjsukg umtuc `jmfjekb pjmfurgkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkm pjmyjhjwjmekm hkgmmyk sjhk`k trkmspartksg 5<

^jmegrg`km alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus k`km dkm dghjmeckpg djmekm dacu`jmtksg ykme sjsukg umtuc `j`pjr`udkb gdjmtgigcksg dkm vjrgigcksg cjpktubkm tjrbkdkp pjrsykrktkm ykme dgtjtkpckm Cjlgokckm dkm prasjdur tjrtuhgs bkrus dghkcskmkckm ahjb sj`uk pjrsamgh ykme tjrhglkt dkhk` trkmspartksg

56

Camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm ykme dgpjrsykrktckm umtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgpjrtkbkmckm sjhk`k trkmspartksg sjsukg djmekm  ykme dgtjtkpckm pkdk gmiar`ksg cj`kskm

54

 Okdwkh pjmegrg`km dkm rjmfkmk pjrokhkmkm bkrus dgsgkpckm sjsukg djmekm cjlutubkm dkm camdgsg sjtj`pkt Okdwkh dkm rjmfkmk tjrsjlut bkrus rjkhgstgs dkm sgstj`ktgs sjrtk `j`pjrtg`lkmeckm rgsgca cjk`kmkm

5:

 Ogck tjrokdg camdgsg ykme tgdkc dgbkrkpckm sjhk`k trkmspartksg( bkrus sjejrk dghkparckm cjpkdk iksghgtks dgstrglusg dkm pjmjrg`k alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt

59

 Ogck pjmjrg`k `jmj`uckm kdkmyk camdgsg ykme tgdkc dgbkrkpckm( `kck bkh tjrsjlut bkrus dghkparckm cj iksghgtks dgstrglusg Ogck pjrhu( iksghgtks dgstrglusg `jmebulumeg gmdustrg ikr`ksg umtuc `jmdkpktckm gmiar`ksg `jmejmkg hkmeckb tjpkt ykme bkrus dgk`lgh

55

Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc `jmyjhgdgcg dkm `jmkmekmg cjekekhkm pj`jmubkm pjrsykrktkm pjmyg`pkmkm( `gskhmyk pjmyg`pkmekm subu

52

Iksghgtks dgstrglusg ljrtkmeeume okwkl `j`kstgckm cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `jmdgstrglusgckm( `jmyg`pkm ktku

-<9`jmkmekmg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt( dgeumkckm djmekm tjpkt dkm dghjmeckpg pjrkhktkm ykme `j`kdkg umtuc `jmfjekb pkpkrkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkrg camdgsg ykme dkpkt `j`pjmekrubg `utu dkm gmtjergtks cj`kskm( sjrtk `jmfjekb camtk`gmksg 57

Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgsg`pkm dkm dgkmecut sjsukg djmekm prasjdur( kekr?  Gdjmtgtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tgdkc bghkme  ^raduc tgdkc `jmfj`krg dkm tgdkc tjrcamtk`gmksg ahjb praduc hkgm tgmdkckm pjmfjekbkm ykme `j`kdkg kpklghk tjrokdg  Kdk tu`pkbkm( pjmykhkbeumkkm( cjruskckm( dkm pjmfurgkm hgmecumekm ykme tjpkt dgpjrtkbkmckm( `gskhmyk  Camdgsg `jmeeumkckm rkmtkg dgmegm "fahd "fahd fbkgm ' umtuc praduc tjr`ahklgh

5;> ^jmej`udg pjmegrg`km "tjr`ksuc pjmej`udg camtrkc' bkrus dghktgb

FDAL dkhk` lgdkme ykme tjrckgt djmekm pjmegrg`km pjm egrg`km 5;; ^rasjdur tjrtuhgs bkrus tjrsjdgk umtuc cjegktkm dkm pj`jhgbkrkkm

sj`uk cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm ykme tjrhglkt dkhk` prasjs dgstrglusg( tjr`ksuc pj`ljrsgbkm dkm tgmdkckm cjsjhk`ktkm Bkrus dgpjrbktgckm lkbwk lkbkm pj`ljrsgb ykme dgeumkckm( tgdkc lahjb `jmg`luhckm jijc luruc pkdk `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 5;<  Tu`pkbkm bkrus dgljrsgbckm sjsjejrk `umecgm umtuc `jmfjekb

cj`umecgmkm camtk`gmksg( camtk`gmksg sghkme dkm lkbkyk ykme dgtg`luhckm ^rasjdur tjrtuhgs bkrus tjrsjdgk umtuc `jmkmekmg cjokdgkm tjrsjlut 5;6 ^jrkhktkm

ykme dgeumkckm umtuc pj`kmtkukm subu sjhk`k trkmspartksg dkhk` cjmdkrkkm dkm!ktku camtkgmjr( bkrus dgrkwkt dkm dgckhglrksg sjfkrk ljrckhk `gmg`kh sjtkbum sjckhg

5;4  Ogck `j`umecgmckm( dgeumkckm cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm tjrsjmdgrg

skkt pjmegrg`km alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 5;:  Ogck tgdkc dgeumkckm cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm tjrsjmdgrg( bkrus

tjrsjdgk prasjdur ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `jmok`gm `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tgdkc `jmekhk`g pjrulkbkm 5;9 ^jmegrg`km bkrus dghkcuckm hkmesume cj khk`kt ykme tjrtjrk pkdk

dacu`jm pjmegrg`km dkm bkrus dgsjrkbckm hkmesume cjpkdk pjmjrg`k ykme ljrwjmkme Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tgdkc lahjb dgtgmeekhckm dg tj`pkt pjmyg`pkmkm sj`jmtkrk ykme tgdkc `j`pumykg gzgm ^LI 5;5 Dkhk` bkh pjmegrg`km dkrurkt dg hukr ok` cjrok( bkrus dgtumouc

pjrsamgh tjrtjmtu dkm prasjdur tjrtuhgs bkrus tjrsjdgk

-<55;2  Ogck trkmspartksg dgsul-camtrkcckm cjpkdk pgbkc cjtgek `kck camtrkc

bkrus `jmfkcup pjrsykrktkm ykme tjrfkmtu` dkhk` Lkl 2 Dg sk`pgme gtu( pjmjrg`k camtrkc bkrus sjpjmubmyk `j`kbk`g sj`uk camdgsg ykme rjhjvkm ljrhkcu umtuc pjmyg`pkmkm dkm trkmspartksg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 5;7  Tj`pkt

ykme dgeumkckm sjlkekg bul trkmspartksg dkhk` rkmtkg pksackm sjlkekg skrkmk pjmyg`pkmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus `jmdkpkt pjrsjtuoukm dkrg Lkdkm ^A@ Zmtuc `j`pjrtkbkmckm `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pjrhu dgtjtkpckm lktks wkctu `kcsg`u` pjmyg`pkmkm dg bul trkmspartksg cj tkbkp trkmspartksg ljrgcutmyk

5<> Zmtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme bkrus dgsg`pkm pkdk subu

dgmegm( sjtgkp pjmyg`pkmkm pkdk bul trkmspartksg umtuc pjrgadj tjrtjmtu bkrus `j`pjrtg`lkmeckm cjtkbkmkm camdgsg camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km eumk `jmok`gm camdgsg subu pjmyg`pkmkmmyk

5<; Dkhk` bkh pjmekmecutkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt `j`jrhuckm

pj`lameckrkm dkm pj`uktkm uhkme `gskhmyk dg tjr`gmkh dkm bul( tj`pkt tjrsjlut bkrus dgkudgt dkm dgsjtuoug sjljhu` dgeumkckm Lghk tjrokdg pjrulkbkm pkdk tj`pkt ktku iumesg ykme dgsjtuoug( bkrus dgpjrbktgckm cjsjsukgkm pjmeeumkkm dkrg pjrulkbkm tj`pkt ktku iumesg tjrsjlut ^jrbktgkm cbusus bkrus dgljrgckm umtuc pj`kmtkukm subu( cjljrsgbkm dkm cjk`kmkm iksghgtks pjmyg`pkmkm sj`jmtkrk 5<< Bkrus

tjrsjdgk prasjdur ykme dkpkt `jmok`gm gmtjergtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dg tj`pkt trkmsgt Vjlkekg famtab( ogck dgeumkckm praerk` pjmejmdkhgkm sjejh umtuc pjmegrg`km trkmsgt( pjma`arkm bkrus dglukt sjfkrk ljrurutkm dkm `udkb tjrtjhusur Vjhk`k trkmsgt dkm pkdk skkt pjmjrg`kkm( gmtjergtks sjejh bkrus dg`amgtar dkm pjma`arkm bkrus dgvjrgigcksg Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs ykme dkpkt dgeumkckm kpklghk dgtj`uckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pkhsu ktku dgduek pkhsu

5<6 Vjhk`k trkmspartksg!trkmsgt umtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme

dgtahkc( cjdkhuwkrsk( alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm( dgduek pkhsu( bkrus dgsg`pkm tjrpgskb( dgcj`ks djmekm k`km dkm dgljrg hkljh  ykme ojhks( sjrtk dghjmeckpg dacu`jm ktku dghkcuckm pj`gskbkm sjfkrk sgstj` "lhacgr sjfkrk sgstj`' 5<4 Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkhk` trkmsgt bkrus dgsjrtkg djmekm

dacu`jmtksg ykme sjsukg

ALKT DKM!KTKZ LKBKM ALKT DKHK@ ^JMEG\G@KM 5<: Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkhk` pjmegrg`km bkrus dgtkmekmg sjdj`gcgkm rupk sjbgmeek gdjmtgtks alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tgdkc bghkme

-<25<9 Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tgdkc `jmfj`krg dkm tgdkc tjrfj`kr ahjb

praduc hkgm 5<5 Bkrus

dghkcuckm tgmdkckm pjmfjekbkm  ykme pjmfurgkm( tu`pkbkm ktku cjruskckm

`j`kdkg

tjrbkdkp

5<2 Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus k`km dkm tgdkc tjrpjmekrub ahjb

fkbkyk( subu( cjhj`lklkm( dkm camdgsg luruc hkgm ykme tgdkc sjsukg 5<7  Trkmspartksg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme sjmsgtgi tjrbkdkp subu

bkrus sjdj`gcgkm rupk( sjbgmeek rkmtkg dgmegm tjtkp tjrokek 56> Camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm bkrus dgokek sjlkgc `umecgm sjhk`k prasjs

pjmegrg`km sk`pkg djmekm tj`pkt tuoukm 56;  Ogck dgpjrsykrktckm cjtjmtukm pjmyg`pkmkm cbusus "`gskhmyk subu(

cjhj`lklkm'( cjtjmtukm tjrsjlut bkrus dgpjmubg( dg`amgtar dkm dgfktkt pkdk skkt cjljrkmecktkm( dkhk` pjrokhkmkm( dkm skkt dgtjrg`k 56< Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc `jmkmekmg pjmyg`pkmekm ktks

cjtjmtukm pjmyg`pkmkm ykme spjsgigc( `gskhmyk pjmyg`pkmekm subu pjmyg`pkmkm 566 Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `jmekmdume mkrcatgck dkm zkt ykme

dkpkt `jmyjlklckm cjtjrekmtumekm bkrus dgkmecut sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 564 ^j`gskbkm igsgc dg cjmdkrkkm bkrus dghkcuckm cjtgck `jmekmecut

alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtahkc( cjdkhuwkrsk( dgtkrgc ktku dgcj`lkhgckm ^raduc tjrsjlut bkrus dgljrg hkljh ykme ojhks 56: Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc trkmspartksg ykme tjpkt dkm

k`km lkeg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgcj`lkhgckm sjsukg djmekm cjtjmtukm pjmyg`pkmkm 569 Cjmdkrkkm dkm camtkgmjr bkrus dgokek kekr ljrsgb dkm cjrgme pkdk

skkt `jmekmecut alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 565 Cj`kskm umtuc pjmekmecutkm dkm camtkgmjr bkrus dkhk` camdgsg

lkgc umtuc `jmfjekb cjruskckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt sjhk`k trkmspartksg 562 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs tjrckgt cjk`kmkm umtuc `jmfjekb

pjmfurgkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkm kcsjs arkme ykme tgdkc ljrcjpjmtgmekm tjrbkdkp alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt sjhk`k trkmspartksg 567 Bkrus kdk sgstj` pjma`arkm ykme spjsgigc( ykme `k`pu tjrtjhusur

dkhk` prasjs pjmegrg`km "`gskhmyk ma`ar cjmdkrkkm'

-<7-

CAMTKGMJ\( ^JMEJ@KVKM ^JMEJ@KVKM DKM ^JHKLJHKM 54> Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus dgsg`pkm dkm dgkmecut dkhk` camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km ykme tgdkc `j`pjmekrubg `utu( dkpkt `j`ljrg pjrhgmdumekm `j`kdkg tjrbkdkp pjmekrub jcstjrmkh( tjr`ksuc camtk`gmksg 54; Lkbkm pjmej`ks dkm camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km bkrus dgdjskgm sjdj`gcgkm

rupk umtuc `jmfjekb cjruskckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt sjhk`k trkmspartksg 54< ^j`ghgbkm camtkgmjr dkm cj`kskm bkrus dgdkskrckm pkdk pjrsykrktkm

pjmyg`pkmkm dkm trkmspartksg dkrg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt3 ckpksgtks rukme ykme dglutubckm umtuc ou`hkb alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt3 Kmtgsgpksg tjrbkdkp subu jcstjrmkh3 pjrcgrkkm wkctu ykme dglutubckm umtuc trkmspartksg tjr`ksuc pjmyg`pkmkm trkmsgt dg pkljkm3 stktus vkhgdksg cj`kskm dkm camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km 546 Camtkgmjr bkrus `j`pumykg hkljh ykme `j`ljrg gmiar`ksg ykme fucup

tjmtkme pjmkmekmkm( pjrsykrktkm pjmyg`pkmkm dkm tgmdkckm pjmfjekbkm umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgtkmekmg djmekm ljmkr dkm k`km 544 Cjruskckm

camtkgmjr dkm `kskhkb hkgm ykme tjrokdg sjhk`k trkmspartksg bkrus dgdacu`jmtksgckm dkm dghkparckm cj iksghgtks dgstrglusg dkm gmstkmsg tjrckgt sjrtk dghkcuckm pjmyjhgdgckm

54: ^jrsykrktkm cbusus umtuc camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm dkm trkmspartksg

bkrus tjrfkmtu` pkdk hkljh camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km 549 ^kdk

pjhkljhkm camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km( bkrus dgeumkckm sgmecktkm ktku cadj gmtjrmksgamkh dkm!ktku mksgamkh

mk`k(

545 ^jrbktgkm cbusus bkrus dgljrgckm pkdk skkt `jmeeumkckm js cjrgme

"dry gfj ' dkhk` camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km kekr dkpkt dgpkstgckm tgdkc tjrokdg camtkc kmtkrk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt djmekm js cjrgme( cjrgme( ckrjmk dkpkt `j`pjmekrubg `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 542 ^rasjdur

tjrtuhgs bkrus tjrsjdgk umtuc pjmkmekmkm camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km ykme ruskc ^jrbktgkm cbusus bkrus dgljrgckm pkdk camtkgmjr ykme ljrgsg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ljrpatjmsg ljrkfum dkm ljrlkbkyk

T\KMV^A\TKVG ALKT DKM!KTKZ LKBKM ALKT WKME CAMDGVG CBZVZV 547 Zmtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme `j`jrhuckm sjhk`k trkmspartksg "`gskhmyk subu dkm cjhj`lklkm'( bkrus `jmfkmtu`ckm camdgsg cbusus tjrsjlut pkdk dg`amgtar sjrtk dgfktkt

@J@J\HZCKM camdgsg cbusus gmdustrg ikr`ksg pjmkmdkkm dkm

-6>5:>  Trkmspartksg dkm pjmyg`pkmkm alkt dkm!ktku

lkbkm alkt ykme `jmekmdume zkt ljrlkbkyk `gskhmyk ljrkfum( lkbkm rkdgakctgi( dkm lkbkm ljrlkbkyk hkgmmyk ykme dkpkt `jmg`luhckm rgsgca cbusus dkhk` bkh pjmykhkbeumkkm( cjlkckrkm ktku hjdkckm "`gskhmyk fkgrkm `udkb tjrlkckr ! `jmykhk( pkdktkm dkm eks ljrtjckmkm' bkrus dgsg`pkm dkhk` krjk tjrpgskb dkm k`km( dkm dgkmecut dkhk` camtkgmjr dkm cjmdkrkkm ykme k`km( djmekm djskgm ykme sjsukg Dg sk`pgme gtu( bkrus `j`jmubg pjrsykrktkm sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm dg tgmeckt mksgamkh dkm cjsjpkcktkm gmtjrmksgamkh

CJMDK\KKM DKM ^J\KHKTKM 5:; Cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `jmegrg`ckm( `jmyg`pkm dkm `jmkmekmg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt bkrus sjsukg pjrsykrktkm dkm hjmeckp umtuc `jmfjekb tjrokdgmyk pkpkrkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt pkdk camdgsg ykme dkpkt `j`pjmekrubg stklghgtks dkm gmtjergtks cj`kskm( sjrtk umtuc `jmfjekb camtk`gmksg 5:< Djskgm dkm pjmeeumkkm cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm bkrus ljrtuoukm

umtuc `j`gmg`khckm rgsgca cjskhkbkm( bkrus `j`umecgmckm umtuc dghkcuckm pj`ljrsgbkm ykme jijctgi dkm!ktku pj`jhgbkrkkm umtuc `jmebgmdkrg camtk`gmksg( pjmu`puckm djlu ktku catarkm dkm!ktku jijc ykme dkpkt `j`pjmekrubg `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 5:6  Ogck `j`umecgmckm( eumkckm cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm tjrsjmdgrg

skkt `jmkmekmg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 5:4  Ogck tgdkc dgeumkckm cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm tjrsjmdgrg( bkrus

tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc `jmok`gm `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ^j`ljrsgbkm ykme sjsukg bkrus dghkcuckm( dgpjrgcsk dkm dgfktkt 5:: Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc `jmok`gm gmtjergtks dkrg alkt

dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt sjhk`k trkmspartksg `jm eeumkckm pgbkc cjtgek( iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jmygkpckm 5:9  Ogck `jmeeumkckm camtrkc tjrtuhgs djmekm pgbkc cjtgek umtuc `jmok`gm tgmdkckm ykme tjpkt umtuc `jhgmdumeg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt( tjr`ksuc `jmokek fktktkm dkm dacu`jmtksg ykme sjsukg Camtrkc tjrsjlut bkrus sjokhkm djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 5:5

Cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm ykme ruskc tgdkc lahjb dgeumkckm dkm bkrus dgljrg hkljh ykme ojhks

5:2 Bkrus kdk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc pjmeeumkkm dkm pj`jhgbkrkkm

tjr`ksuc tgmdkckm pj`ljrsgbkm dkm cjsjhk`ktkm cjmdkrkkm dkm pjrkhktkm ykme dgeumkckm dkhk` prasjs dgstrglusg 5:7 Cjmdkrkkm( camtkgmjr dkm pjrkhktkm bkrus tjtkp ljrsgb( cjrgme dkm

ljlks dkrg sk`pkb ^jrsamgh ykme ljrtkmeeume okwkl umtuc dgstrglusg bkrus `j`kstgckm lkbwk cjmdkrkkm ykme dgeumkckm dgljrsgbckm

-6;sjfkrk tjrktur 59> Cjmdkrkkm( camtkgmjr dkm pjrkhktkm bkrus dgokek ljlks dkrg tgcus(

cutu( lurume dkm bk`k hkgmmyk Bkrus kdk praerk` tjrtuhgs dkm dacu`jmtksg umtuc pjmejmdkhgkm bk`k tjrsjlut Lkbkm pj`ljrsgbkm dkm iu`geksg ykme dgeumkckm tgdkc lahjb `j`pjmekrubg `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 59; ^jrkhktkm ykme dgpghgb dkm dgeumkckm umtuc `j`ljrsgbckm cjmdkrkkm

tgdkc lahjb `jmokdg su`ljr camtk`gmksg 59< ^jrbktgkm

cbusus dgljrgckm tjrbkdkp djskgm( pjmeeumkkm( pj`ljrsgbkm dkm pj`jhgbkrkkm sj`uk pjrkhktkm ykme dgeumkckm umtuc pjmkmekmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme tgdkc dgsg`pkm dkhk` ckrtam ktku wkdkb pjmegrg`km

596  Ogck

camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm cbusus "`gskhmyk subu dkm!ktku cjhj`lklkm' ljrljdk dkrg camdgsg hgmecumekm ykme dgbkrkpckm( `kck dgpjrsykrktckm sjhk`k trkmspartksg bkrus dg`amgtar( dgfktkt dkm dgdacu`jmtksgckm sjrtk dggmiar`ksgckm cj gmdustrg ikr`ksg pj`jekme gzgm jdkr ktku pj`ksac Vj`uk dacu`jmtksg `amgtargme bkrus dgsg`pkm umtuc `gmg`kh sjhk`k `ksk bgdup praduc ykme dgdgstrglusgckm dgtk`lkb ; "sktu' tkbum Dacu`jmtksg tjrsjlut bkrus tjrsjdgk umtuc dgpjrgcsk ahjb gmstkmsg pj`jrgmtkb ykme ljrwjmkme

594 ^jrkhktkm ykme dgeumkckm umtuc pj`kmtkukm camdgsg "`gskhmyk subu

dkm cjhj`lklkm' dkhk` cjmdkrkkm dkm camtkgmjr bkrus dgckhglrksg sjfkrk ljrckhk 59: Ckpksgtks

cjmdkrkkm dkm camtkgmjr bkrus fucup umtuc `j`umecgmckm pjmyg`pkmkm sjfkrk tjrtgl ljrlkekg cktjearg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt sjhk`k trkmspartksg

599 Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs ykme `jmektur pj`gskbkm sjhk`k

trkmspartksg umtuc alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgtahkc( dgtkrgc( dgcj`lkhgckm sjrtk dgduek pkhsu Alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjrsjlut bkrus dgcj`ks djmekm k`km( dgljrg hkljh ykme ojhks( dkm dgsjrtkg djmekm dacu`jmtksg pjmducume ykme sjsukg 595 Bkrus

tjrsjdgk tgmdkckm umtuc `jmfjekb arkme ykme tgdkc ljrcjpjmtgmekm `j`ksucg( `jruskc cjmdkrkkm dkm!ktku pjrkhktkm( sjrtk `jmfjekb pjmfurgkm ktku pjmykhkbeumkkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt

CAMT\AH VZBZ VJHK@K T\KMV^A\TKVG 592 Bkrus tjrsjdgk sgstj` camtrah subu ykme tjrvkhgdksg "`gskhmyk cj`kskm tjr`kh( camtkgmjr ykme subumyk dgcamtrah( dkm cjmdkrkkm ljrpjmdgmegm' umtuc `j`kstgckm camdgsg trkmspartksg ykme ljmkr dgpjrtkbkmckm kmtkrk iksghgtks dgstrglusg dkm pjhkmeekm ^jhkmeekm bkrus `jmdkpktckm dktk subu pkdk skkt sjrkb tjrg`k alkt dkm!ktku

-6
sjhk`k trkmspartksg bkrus dgpjhgbkrk dkm dgckhglrksg sjfkrk ljrckhk ktku `gmg`kh sjckhg sjtkbum ^jrsykrktkm gmg `jhgputg pj`jtkkm subu pkdk camdgsg ykme rjprjsjmtktgi dkm bkrus `j`pjrtg`lkmeckm vkrgksg `usg` Ogck dgpjrhuckm( pjhkmeekm dkpkt `j`pjrahjb dacu`jm dktk subu umtuc `jmumoucckm lkbwk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt tjtkp dkhk` camdgsg subu pjmyg`pkmkm ykme dgpjrsykrktckm sjhk`k trkmspartksg faah-pkfc  dkhk` catkc tjrhgmdume "gmsuhktjd " gmsuhktjd laxjs '( '( 55>  Ogck `jmeeumkckm faah-pkfc dkhk` faah-pkfc  bkrus dghjtkcckm sjdj`gcgkm rupk sjbgmeek tgdkc ljrsjmtubkm hkmesume djmekm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ^jrsamgh bkrus dghktgb tjmtkme prasjdur pjmej`kskm dkm pjmeeumkkm uhkme faah-pkfc  55; Bkrus tjrsjdgk sgstj` umtuc `jmeamtrah pjmeeumkkm uhkme faah-pkfc 

umtuc `j`kstgckm tgdkc tjrokdg cjskhkbkm dkhk` pjmeeumkkm pkcjt faah-pkfc  Bkrus kdk pj`ljdk sjfkrk igsgc ykme `j`kdkg kmtkrk ljcu  irazjm  " irazjm ' dkm ‐fbghhjd gfj pkfc ‘‘55< Bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs ykme `jmojhksckm prasjs pjmegrg`km

alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme sjmsgtgi tjrbkdkp subu ^rasjdur gmg  ouek bkrus `jmfkcup cjokdgkm ykme tgdkc dgbkrkpckm sjpjrtg cjruskckm cjmdkrkkm ktku tgdkc tjrcgrg` Dg sk`pgme gtu( bkrus tjrsjdgk prasjdur tjrtuhgs umtuc `jmyjhgdgcg dkm `jmkmekmg pjmyg`pkmekm subu

-66-

LKL YGGG IKVGHGTKV DGVT\GLZVG LJ\DKVK\ CAMT\KC Fkcupkm cjegktkm camtrkc tjrutk`k ykme tjrckgt djmekm cjk`kmkm( cbksgkt dkm `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt?  

Camtrkc kmtkr iksghgtks dgstrglusg Camtrkc kmtkrk iksghgtks dgstrglusg djmekm pgbkc pjmyjdgk oksk kmtkrk hkgm trkmspartksg( pjmejmdkhgkm bk`k( pjreudkmekm( cjljrsgbkm dkm sjlkekgmyk

Vj`uk cjegktkm camtrkc bkrus tjrtuhgs kmtkrk pj`ljrg camtrkc dkm pjmjrg`k camtrkc sjrtk sjtgkp cjegktkm bkrus sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm FDAL

^J@LJ\G CAMT\KC 2; ^j`ljrg camtrkc dgcamtrkcckm

ljrtkmeeume

okwkl

umtuc

cjegktkm

ykme

2< ^j`ljrg camtrkc ljrtkmeeume okwkl umtuc `jmghkg ca`pjtjmsg ykme dgpjrhuckm ahjb pjmjrg`k camtrkc ^j`ljrg camtrkc bkrus `jhkcuckm pjmekwkskm tjrbkdkp pjmjrg`k camtrkc dkhk` `jhkcskmkckm tueks  ykme dgcamtrkcckm sjsukg djmekm prgmsgp dkm pjda`km FDAL 26 ^j`ljrg camtrkc bkrus `j`ljrgckm gmiar`ksg tjrtuhgs ykme bkrus dghkcskmkckm ahjb pjmjrg`k camtrkc

^JMJ\G@K CAMT\KC 24 ^jmjrg`k camtrkc bkrus `j`ghgcg tj`pkt( pjrsamgh ykme ca`pjtjm( pjrkhktkm( pjmejtkbukm dkm pjmekhk`km dkhk` `jhkcskmkckm tueks  ykme dgcamtrkcckm ahjb pj`ljrg camtrkc 2: Iksghgtks dgstrglusg ykme dgtumouc ahjb iksghgtks dgstrglusg hkgm umtuc `jhkcskmkckm cjegktkm dgstrglusg( bkrus `j`jmubg pjrsykrktkm FDAL 29 ^jmjrg`k camtrkc tgdkc dgpjrlahjbckm umtuc `jmekhgbckm pjcjrokkm  ykme dgpjrfkykckm ahjb pj`ljrg camtrkc cjpkdk pgbkc cjtgek sjljhu` dghkcuckmmyk jvkhuksg( dkm `jmdkpktckm pjrsjtuoukm dkrg pj`ljrg camtrkc sjrtk dghkcuckmmyk kudgt cj pgbkc cjtgek tjrsjlut 25 ^jmjrg`k camtrkc bkrus `jmebgmdkrg kctgvgtks hkgm ykme dkpkt `j`pjmekrubg `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt 22 ^jmjrg`k camtrkc bkrus `jhkparckm cjokdgkm kpkpum ykme dkpkt `j`pjmekrubg `utu alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cjpkdk pj`ljrg camtrkc sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm camtrkc

CAMT\KC 27 Dgdkhk` pjrsykrktkm camtrkc bkrus `jmfkcup( kmtkrk hkgm? k' ^jmkmekmkm cjbghkmekm! cjruskckm praduc alkt

sjhk`k

-64pjmegrg`km dkm dkhk` camdgsg tgdkc tjrduek " iarfj  iarfj `koar ' l' Cjwkoglkm pjmjrg`k camtrkc umtuc `jmej`lkhgckm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cjpkdk pj`ljrg camtrkc ogck tjrokdg cjruskckm sjhk`k pjmegrg`km djmekm `jmyjrtkckm ljrgtk kfkrk cjruskckm f' Cjbghkmekm sjhk`k pjmegrg`km ahjb pjmjrg`k camtrkc( pjmjrg`k camtrkc wkogl `jhkparckm cjpkdk pgbkc cjpahgsgkm dkm pj`ljrg camtrkc d' ^j`ljrg camtrkc ljrbkc `jhkcuckm kudgt tjrbkdkp pjmjrg`k camtrkc sjtgkp skkt 2;> Dacu`jm camtrkc bkrus dkpkt dgtumoucckm cjpkdk pjtueks ykme ljrwjmkme pkdk skkt pj`jrgcskkm

-6:-

LKL GR DACZ@JMTKVG Dacu`jmtksg ykme lkgc `jrupkckm lkegkm pjmtgme dkrg sgstj` `kmkoj`jm `utu Dacu`jmtksg tjrtuhgs bkrus ojhks umtuc `jmfjekb cjskhkbkm dkrg ca`umgcksg hgskm dkm umtuc `j`udkbckm pjmjhusurkm( kmtkrk hkgm sjokrkb ljts( gmstrucsg( prasjdur Dacu`jmtksg `jrupkckm dacu`jm tjrtuhgs tjrckgt djmekm dgstrglusg "pjmekdkkm( pjmyg`pkmkm( pjmykhurkm dkm pjhkparkm'( prasjdur tjrtuhgs dkm dacu`jm hkgm ykme tjrckgt djmekm pj`kstgkm `utu 7; Dacu`jmtksg tjrdgrg dkrg sj`uk prasjdur tjrtuhgs( pjtumouc( camtrkc( fktktkm dkm dktk( dkhk` ljmtuc cjrtks `kupum jhjctramgc 7< Dacu`jmtksg ykme ojhks dkm rgmfg `jrupkckm dkskr umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk sjtgkp pjrsamgh `jhkcskmkckm cjegktkm( sjsukg urkgkm tueks sjbgmeek `j`pjrcjfgh rgsgca cjskhkbkm 76 Dacu`jmtksg bkrus ca`prjbjmsgi `jmfkcup rukme hgmecup cjegktkm iksghgtks dgstrglusg dkm dgtuhgs dkhk` lkbksk ykme ojhks( dg`jmejrtg ahjb pjrsamgh dkm tgdkc ljrkrtg ekmdk

74 ^rasjdur tjrtuhgs bkrus dgsjtuoug( dgtkmdktkmekmg dkm dgljrg tkmeekh ahjb pjrsamgh ykme ljrwjmkme ^rasjdur tjrtuhgs tgdkc dgtuhgs tkmekm dkm bkrus tjrfjtkc 7: Vjtgkp pjrulkbkm ykme dglukt dkhk` dacu`jmtksg bkrus dgtkmdktkmekmg( dgljrg tkmeekh dkm `j`umecgmckm pj`lkfkkm gmiar`ksg ykme kshg Ogck dgpjrhuckm( khkskm pjrulkbkm bkrus dgfktkt 79 Dacu`jm bkrus dgsg`pkm sjhk`k `gmg`kh 6 tkbum 75 Vjhurub dacu`jmtksg bkrus tjrsjdgk sjlkekg`kmk `jstgmyk 72 Vj`uk dacu`jmtksg bkrus `udkb dgdkpkt cj`lkhg( dgsg`pkm dkm dgpjhgbkrk pkdk tj`pkt ykme k`km umtuc `jmfjekb dkrg pjrulkbkm  ykme tgdkc skb( cjruskckm dkm!ktku cjbghkmekm dacu`jm 77 Dacu`jm bkrus dgckog uhkme sjfkrk ljrckhk dkm dgokek kekr sjhkhu up ta  dktj  Ogck suktu dacu`jm dgrjvgsg( bkrus dgokhkmckm suktu sgstj` umtuc `jmebgmdkrckm pjmeeumkkm dacu`jm ykme sudkb tgdkc ljrhkcu 7;> Dacu`jmtksg pjr`kmjm( tjrtuhgs ktku jhjctramgc( umtuc sjtgkp alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme dgsg`pkm bkrus `jmumoucckm camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm ykme dgrjca`jmdksgckm( tgmdkckm pjmfjekbkm dkm tkmeekh uog uhkme cbusus umtuc lkbkm alkt "ogck kdk' bkrus dgpjrbktgckm ^jrsykrktkm ikr`kcapj dkm pjrkturkm mksgamkh tjrcgmg tjmtkme hkljh dkm wkdkb bkrus dgpktubg

-697;; Dacu`jmtksg dgstrglusg bkrus `jmfkcup gmiar`ksg ljrgcut? tkmeekh( mk`k alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt3 ma`ar ljts3 tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk3  ou`hkb ykme dgtjrg`k ! dgskhurckm3 mk`k dkm khk`kt pj`ksac ! pjhkmeekm 7;< Dacu`jmtksg bkrus dglukt pkdk skkt cjegktkm ljrhkmesume( sjbgmeek `udkb umtuc dgtjhusurg

-65-

KMJCV G LKBKM ALKT ^JMEJ@KVKM ZHKME DKM ^JHKLJHKM ZHKME ; ^jhkcskmkkm pjmeeklumekm lkbkm alkt dkhk` ljts ykme sk`k( pjmej`kskm uhkme dkm!ktku pjhkljhkm uhkme kdkhkb prasjs pj`luktkm lkbkm alkt sjbgmeek pjhkcskmkkmmyk bkrus sjsukg djmekm F^AL <

^jrbktgkm cbusus bkrus dgljrgckm cjpkdk bkh-bkh sjlkekg ljrgcut?  pjmfjekbkm tjrbkdkp camtk`gmksg( camtk`gmksg sghkme dkm fk`pur lkur3  pjmek`kmkm stac hkljh( pj`jrgcskkm okhur pjmej`kskm( pj`jrgcskkm dkhk` prasjs( pj`usmkbkm cjhjlgbkm hkljh ykme sudkb tjrfjtkc ma`ar ljtsmyk3  fkrk skmgtksg dkm bgegjmj ykme lkgc3  `jmokek gmtjergtks ljts "pjmfk`purkm ljts ykme ljrljdk dkrg lkbkm alkt ykme sk`k tgdkc lahjb dghkcuckm'3  sj`uk hkljh ykme dghjpks dkrg wkdkb kshgmyk dkm famtab hkljh lkru  ykme dgpkskme sjhk`k cjegktkm bkrus dgsg`pkm sjlkekg lkegkm fktktkm pjmej`kskm ljts3   ogck dkhk` prasjsmyk dgeumkckm hjlgb dkrg sktu ljts hkljh( `kck famtab `ksgme-`ksgme ljts hkljh bkrus dgsg`pkm sjlkekg lkegkm fktktkm pjmej`kskm ljts3dkm  `j`pjrtkbkmckm gdjmtgtks dkm gmtjergtks praduc

6

Vjrtgigckt kmkhgsgs kshg dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg kskh bkrus dgsjrtkckm Ogck pjmeuogkm uhkme dghkcuckm( sjrtgigckt kmkhgsgs kshg dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg kskh dkm sjrtgigckt kmkhgsgs lkru bkrus dgsjrtkckm Ljts pkdk sjrtgigckt kmkhgsgs ykme lkru bkrus dkpkt tjrtjhusur djmekm sjrtgigckt kmkhgsgs kshg

4

^jmej`kskm uhkme lkbkm alkt bkrus dghkcuckm djmekm lkbkm cj`ks prg`jr ykme spjsgigcksgmyk sk`k ktku hjlgb lkgc dkrg cj`kskm kshgmyk

:  Tgdkc dgpjrlahjbckm `jmeeumkckm cj`kskm ljcks ktku dkur uhkme sjlkekg cj`kskm prg`jr 9

Lkbkm alkt lahjb dgcj`ks uhkme bkmyk ogck kdk sgstj` pjmejmdkhgkm hgmecumekm ykme jigsgjm umtuc `j`kstgckm tgdkc kdk cj`umecgmkm camtk`gmksg( camtk`gmksg sghkme( djerkdksg( pjrulkbkm igsgcacg`gk dkm!ktku fk`purlkur @utu udkrk ykme dgpksac cj krjk pjmej`kskm uhkme tjrsjlut bkrus sjsukg umtuc cjegktkm ykme dghkcuckm( `gskhmyk sgstj` ightrksg ykme jigsgjm

5

^rasjdur ykme sjsukg bkrus dggcutg umtuc `j`kstgckm pjmejmdkhgkm hkljh ykme ljmkr

2

Ukdkb lkbkm alkt ykme dgcj`ks uhkme bkrus `jmfkmtu`ckm mk`k dkm khk`kt gmdustrg ikr`ksg kskh dkm iksghgtks dgstrglusg ykme `jhkcuckm pjmej`kskm uhkme

-627

^rasjdur tjrtuhgs bkrus tjrsjdgk umtuc `j`kstgckm gdjmtgtks dkm `utu lkbkm alkt djmekm fkrk ykme tjpkt( sjljhu` dkm sjsudkb pjmej`kskm uhkme

;> ^rasjdur pjhuhuskm ljts bkrus tjrsjdgk sjsukg djmekm F^AL ;; @jtadj kmkhgsgs ykme dgeumkckm bkrus `jmekfu cjpkdk ikr`kcapj rjs`g ktku `jtadj kmkhgsgs ykme tjhkb dgvkhgdksg ;< Famtab pjrtgmeekh lkbkm alkt bkrus dgsg`pkm dkhk` ou`hkb ykme `j`kdkg sjcurkme-curkmemyk ; "sktu' tkbum sjtjhkb tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk ktku tkmeekh uog uhkme( ktku ; "sktu' tkbum sjtjhkb bklgs dgdgstrglusgckm ;6 Iksghgtks dgstrglusg ykme `jhkcuckm pjmej`kskm uhkme bkrus `j`kstgckm lkbwk stklghgtks lkbkm alkt tgdkc tjrpjmekrub ahjb pjmej`kskm uhkme Zog stklghgtks umtuc `jmjtkpckm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk ktku tkmeekh uog uhkme bkrus dghkcuckm ogck lkbkm alkt dgcj`ks dkhk` wkdkb ykme ljrljdk djmekm ykme dgeumkckm ahjb gmdustrg ikr`ksg kskh

^JMKMEKMKM LKBKM ALKT WKME TGDKC VJVZKG ;4 Lkbkm alkt ykme tgdkc sjsukg bkrus dgtkmekmg sjsukg djmekm prasjdur  ykme dkpkt `jmfjekb `ksucmyk lkbkm alkt tjrsjlut cj pkskr Dacu`jmtksg bkrus tjrsjdgk( `jmfkcup sj`uk cjegktkm tjr`ksuc pj`usmkbkm dkm pjmej`lkhgkm ;: ^jmyjhgdgckm bkrus dghkcuckm umtuc `jmjmtuckm kdk ktku tgdkcmyk pjmekrub tjrbkdkp ljts hkgm Ogck dgpjrhuckm( tgmdkckm carjctgi bkrus dghkcuckm ;9  Ogck dgtjtkpckm lkbwk lkbkm alkt dkpkt dkpk t dgeumkckm umtuc `kcsud hkgm djmekm tgmeckt cukhgtks ykme hjlgb rjmdkb( `kck bkrus dgdacu`jmtksgckm ;5 Lkbkm alkt ykme tgdkc sjsukg tgdkc lahjb dgfk`pur djmekm lkbkm alkt  ykme `j`jmubg spjsgigcksg

DACZ@JMTKVG ;2 Lkbkm alkt dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg kskh ykme dgskhurckm cjpkdk iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus dgsjrtkg djmekm sjrtgigckt kmkhgsgs kshg Vjrtgigckt kmk hgsgs  ykme dgcjhukrckm ahjb gmdustrg ikr`ksg kskh bkrus `jmumoucckm bksgh kmkhgsgs ykme dgpjrahjb dkrg pjmeuogkm dkm bksgh kmkhgsgs ykme dgpjrahjb dkrg pjmeuogkm kfkc Dgrjca`jmdksgckm umtuc `jmeeumkckm iar`kt sjrtgigckt kmkhgsgs sjpjrtg ykme dgskrkmckm ahjb UBA Jxpjrt Fa``gttjj  am Vpjfgigfktgam iar ^bkr`kfjutgfkh ^rjpkrktgam  ;7 Vjljhu` lkbkm alkt dgoukh ktku dgdgstrglusgckm( iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`kstgckm tjrsjdgkmyk sjrtgigckt kmkhgsgs djmekm bksgh uog ykme `j`jmubg spjsgigcksg ykme dgtjmtuckm Vjrtgigckt kmkhgsgs kshg bkrus

-67dgsk`pkgckm cj gmdustrg ikr`ksg umtuc sjtgkp pjmegrg`km <> Gmdustrg ikr`ksg lkbkm alkt kskh dkm jcspartgr lkbkm alkt bkrus `k`pu tjrtjhusur dkm gmiar`ksgmyk tjrsjdgk umtuc gmstkmsg ljrwjmkme dkm gmdustrg ikr`ksg pjmeeumk <; @jckmgs`j trkmsijr gmiar`ksg bkrus tjrsjdgk( tjr`ksuc gmiar`ksg `utu ktku gmiar`ksg rjeuhksg( kmtkrk gmdustrg ikr`ksg lkbkm alkt djmekm pjhkmeekm Gmiar`ksg tjrsjlut dkpkt dgljrgckm cjpkdk gmstkmsg ljrwjmkme sjsukg djmekm pjr`gmtkkm << Hkljh ykme tjrfkmtu` pkdk wkdkb bkrus ojhks( tgdkc `j`ljrgckm pjmkisgrkm ekmdk( tjrtj`pjh djmekm cukt dkhk` iar`kt ykme tjhkb dgtjtkpckm ahjb gmdustrg ikr`ksg lkbkm alkt kskh Gmiar`ksg pkdk hkljh bkrus tgdkc `udkb tjrbkpusckm <6 Hkljh ykme tjrtj`pjh pkdk sjtgkp wkdkb bkrus `jmfkcup gmiar`ksg sjcurkme-curkmemyk tjmtkme ?  mk`k dkrg lkbkm alkt( tjr`ksuc tgmeckt `utu "erkdj' dkm ikr`kcapj kfukm3  mk`k Gmtjrmktgamkh Mam-praprgjtkry "GMM'3 Mam-praprgjtkry  "GMM'3   ou`hkb "ljrkt ktku vahu`j'3  ma`ar ljts ykme dgljrgckm ahjb gmdustrg ikr`ksg lkbkm alkt kskh ktku ma`ar ljts ykme dgljrgckm ahjb iksghgtks dgstrglusg ykme `jmej`ks uhkme3  tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk dkm!ktku tkmeekh tjs uhkme "ogck ljrhkcu'3  camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm cbusus3  pjmkmekmkm tgmdkckm pjmfjekbkm "ogck dgpjrhuckm'3  mk`k dkm khk`kt hjmeckp gmdustrg ikr`ksg kskh3 dkm  mk`k dkm khk`kt hjmeckp iksghgtks dgstrglusg dgstrglusg <4 Hj`lkr Dktk Cjk`kmkm "Vkijty "Vkijty Dktk Vbjjt( VDV' bkrus tjrsjdgk

-4>-

KMJCV GG ^\ADZC \KMTKG DGMEGM "FAHD FBKGM ^\ADZFT!FF^'  ^JMDKBZHZKM Zmtuc ^raduc \kmtkg Dgmegm( tjrdkpkt pjrsykrktkm cbusus ykme bkrus dgpjmubg sjlkekg stkmdkr sjhkgm ykme dgpjrsykrktckm dkhk` FDAL( kmtkrk hkgm `jhgputg kturkm ykme ljrckgtkm djmekm `kskhkb subu pkdk skkt pjmjrg`kkm( pjmyg`pkmkm dkm pjmegrg`km ^J\VAMGH DKM ^JHKTGBKM ; ^jhktgbkm dghkcuckm sjfkrk sgstj`ktgc dkm ljrckhk lkeg sjhurub pjrsamgh  ykme tjrhglkt dkhk` pjmkmekmkm praduc rkmtkg dgmegm( `jmfkcup bkhbkh sjlkekg ljrgcut?  pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm  FDAL  prasjdur tjrtuhgs  `amgtargme subu dkm dacu`jmtksgmyk  rjspam tjrbkdkp cjdkrurktkm dkm `kskhkb cjsjhk`ktkm <

Bkrus dgpkstgckm lkbwk sjtgkp pjrsamgh `j`kbk`g tkmeeume okwkl cbususmyk ^jhktgbkm ouek dghkcuckm tjrbkdkp pjmej`udg ykme ljrtkmeeume okwkl dkhk` trkmspartksg praduc rkmtkg dgmegm

LKMEZMKM DKM IKVGHGTKV Lkmeumkm 6 Hacksg pjmyg`pkmkm dgpghgb dkm dglkmeum umtuc `j`gmg`khckm rgsgca  ykme dgkcglktckm lkmogr( dkm!ktku camdgsg fukfk jcstrg` dkm lkbkyk khk`gkb hkgmmyk 4

Lkmeumkm tj`pkt pjmyg`pkmkm dglkmeum `jmeeumkckm lkbkm ykme cukt dkm `udkb dgljrsgbckm

:

Kcsjs cjmdkrkkm cj ejdume pjmyg`pkmkm bkrus dgsjdgkckm umtuc `jmekca`adksg cjmdkrkkm ljskr( tjr`ksuc cjmdkrkkm umtuc cjkdkkm dkrurkt

9

Hacksg dgokek dkrg pjmu`puckm djlu( sk`pkb dkm catarkm sjrtk tjrbgmdkr dkrg sjrkmeek

5

Ckpksgtks mjtta lkmeumkm tj`pkt pjmyg`pkmkm bkrus fucup `j`kdkg kekr dkpkt `jmk`pume tgmeckt pjrsjdgkkm pumfkc( pkdk camdgsg pjmyg`pkmkm sjsukg pjrsykrktkm( dkm djmekm fkrk ykme `j`umecgmckm cjegktkm pjmejhahkkm stac dkpkt dghkcskmkckm djmekm ljmkr dkm jigsgjm

2

Krjk ykme `j`kdkg bkrus dgsjdgkckm umtuc `jmjrg`k dkm `jmej`ks praduc rkmtkg dgmegm ykme kckmdgcgrg`ckm pkdk camdgsg subu ykme tjrokek Krjk gmg bjmdkcmyk djckt djmekm krjk pjmyg`pkmkm ykme subumyk tjrokek

-4;7

Krjk ckrkmtgmk bkrus dgsjdgkckm umtuc pj`gskbkm praduc cj`lkhgkm( ruskc dkm pjmkrgckm cj`lkhg `jmumeeu tgmdkc hkmout

;> Lkmeumkm ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `jmyg`pkm praduc rkmtkg dgmegm bkrus dgpkstgckm `j`ghgcg cjk`kmkm ykme `j`kdkg umtuc `jmfjekb kcsjs pgbkc ykme tgdkc ljrwjmkme ;; Bkrus tjrsjdgk khkt pj`kdk` cjlkckrkm dkm bjmdkcmyk dghjmeckpg djmekm khkt djtjcsg cjlkckrkm pkdk sjhurub krjk pjmyg`pkmkm praduc rkmtkg dgmegm dkm khkt tjrsjlut dgpjhgbkrk sjfkrk ljrckhk sjsukg rjca`jmdksg dkrg pj`lukt

Iksghgtks ;< ^raduc rkmtkg dgmegm bkrus dgpkstgckm dgsg`pkm dkhk` rukmekm djmekm subu tjrokek( fahd raa` ! fbghhjr "#< fbghhjr  "#< s ! d #2aF'( irjjzjr F'(  irjjzjr raa` ! irjjzjr "irjjzjr  "a <: s ! d -;: F'( djmekm pjrsykrktkm sjlkekg ljrgcut? k' \ukmekm djmekm subu tjrokek( fahd raa` dkm raa` dkm irjjzjr  irjjzjr raa`?   `k`pu `jmokek subu ykme dgpjrsykrktckm  dghjmeckpg djmekm sgstj` kuta-djirast  ykme tgdkc `j`pjmekrubg subu sjhk`k sgchus djirast   dghjmeckpg djmekm sgstj` pj`kmtkukm subu sjfkrk tjrus`jmjrus djmekm `jmeeumkckm sjmsar ykme dgtj`pktckm pkdk hacksg ykme `jwkcghg pjrljdkkm subu jcstrg`  dghjmeckpg djmekm khkr` umtuc `jmumoucckm tjrokdgmyk pjmyg`pkmekm subu  dghjmeckpg djmekm pgmtu ykme dkpkt dgcumfg   ogck pjrhu( umtuc `j`ksucg krjk tjrtjmtu dghjmeckpg djmekm sgstj` camtrah kcsjs  dghjmeckpg djmekm ejmjrktar ata`ktgs ktku ejmjrktar `kmukh ykme dgokek ahjb pjrsamgh cbusus sjhk`k <4 ok`  dghjmeckpg djmekm gmdgcktar sjlkekg tkmdk pjrsamgh sjdkme dg dkhk` fahd raa` ! irjjzjr raa`  ktku fkrk hkgm ykme dkpkt `jmok`gm cjsjhk`ktkm pjrsamgh l' Fbghhjr dkm Fbghhjr dkm Irjjzjr?   dgrkmfkme umtuc tuoukm pjmyg`pkmkm praduc rkmtkg dgmegm "tgdkc lahjb `jmeeumkckm cuhcks! irjjzjr ru`kb  irjjzjr  ru`kb tkmeek'  `k`pu `jmokek subu ykme dgpjrsykrktckm  ^jrhu `jmeeumkckm tjr`a`jtjr tjrckhglrksg `gmg`kh sktu lukb tgkp fbghhjr!irjjzjr  "djmekm `j`pjrtg`lkmeckm ucurkm!ou`hkb pgmtu' dkm sjfkrk rutgm dgckhglrksg `gmg`kh sktu ckhg dkhk` sjtkbum  Bjmdkcmyk `k`pu `jrjck` sjfkrk tjrus-`jmjrus dkm djmekm sjmsar ykme tjrhjtkc pkdk sktu tgtgc ktku ljljrkpk tgtgc ykme pkhgme kcurkt `jwkcghg praigh subu sjhk`k apjrksg mar`kh djmekm khkr` ykme `jmumoucckm tjrokdgmyk  dghjmeckpg pjmyg`pkmekm subu  dghjmeckpg pgmtu ! pjmutup ykme dkpkt dgcumfg  sjtgkp fbghhjr ktku fbghhjr ktku irjjzjr   irjjzjr bkrus bkrus `j`pumykg stap camtkc tjrsjmdgrg  dghjmeckpg djmekm ejmjrktar ata`ktgs ktku ejmjrktar `kmukh ykme

-4
A^J\KVGAMKH  ^jmjrg`kkm ^raduc \kmtkg Dgmegm ;6 ^kdk skkt pjmjrg`kkm( pjmjrg`k bkrus `jhkcuckm pj`jrgcskkm tjrbkdkp?  Mk`k praduc rkmtkg dgmegm ykme dgtjrg`k   Ou`hkb praduc rkmtkg dgmegm ykme dgtjrg`k  Camdgsg igsgc praduc rkmtkg dgmegm  Ma`ar ljts   Tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk  Camdgsg khkt pj`kmtkukm subu "cbusus umtuc vkcsgm ykme  Camdgsg Ykffgmj Ygkh @amgtar  "YY@' tjhkb dghjmeckpg YY@' ;4  Ogck pkdk skkt pjmjrg`kkm vkcsgm dgcjtkbug camdgsg khkt pj`kmtkukm subu `jmumoucckm pjmyg`pkmekm subu dkm!ktku camdgsg gmdgcktar `jmdjcktg lktks hkykc pkckg "`gskhmyk YY@ pkdk pasgsg F ktku D'( `kck dghkcuckm tgmdkckm sjlkekg ljrgcut?  praduc rkmtkg dgmegm tjtkp dgsg`pkm pkdk tj`pkt ykme sjsukg dkm subu ykme dgpjrsykrktckm djmekm `jmeeumkckm hkljh cbusus  sjejrk `jhkparckm pjmyg`pkmekm tjrsjlut cjpkdk pjmegrg` praduc rkmtkg dgmegm umtuc dghkcuckm prasjs pjmyjhgdgckm djmekm `j`lukt ljrgtk kfkrk ;:  Ou`hkb praduc ykme dgtjrg`k bkrus sk`k djmekm ou`hkb ykme tjrtjrk pkdk ikctur ktku surkt pjmekmtkr lkrkme ;9 ^jmjrg`k bkrus sjejrk `j`ksucckm praduc rkmtkg dgmegm cj dkhk` tj`pkt pjmyg`pkmkm sjsukg djmekm subu ykme dgpjrsykrktckm ;5 Vjtjhkb praduc rkmtkg dgmegm dgtjrg`k( pjmjrg`k bkrus sjejrk `jmkmdktkmekmg ikctur ktku surkt pjmekmtkr lkrkme ktku dacu`jm hkgm( ykme `jmyktkckm praduc rkmtkg dgmegm dgtjrg`k dkhk` camdgsg lkgc dkm utub ;2 ^jmjrg`k bkrus sjejrk `j`ljrgckm cjpkdk pjmekmtkr lkrkme luctg pjmjrg`kkm lkrkme ykme sudkb dg tkmdktkmekmg( dgljrg gdjmtgtks pjmjrg`k dkm dgstj`pjh

^jmyg`pkmkm ;7 Iksghgtks pjmyg`pkmkm bkrus `j`ghgcg ?  fbghhjr  ktku fahd raa`  "subu #< s!d #2 F'( umtuc `jmyg`pkm vkcsgm dkm sjru` djmekm subu pjmyg`pkmkm < s!d 2 F( lgkskmyk dgeumkckm umtuc pjmyg`pkkm vkcsgm fk`pkc( LFE( D^T( TT( DT( Bjpktgtgs L( D^T-BL   irjjzjr  ktku  irjjzjr raa`  "subu -;: s!d  ‖ <: <: F' umtuc `jmyg`pkm vkcsgm A^Y 









-46<> ^jmyg`pkmkm vkcsgm dkhk` fbghhjr  dkm  irjjzjr  tgdkc tjrhkhu pkdkt sjbgmeek sgrcuhksg udkrk dkpkt dgokek( okrkc kmtkrk catkc vkcsgm sjcgtkr ;-< f` <; Bkrus ljrokrkc `gmg`kh ;:f` kmtkrk fbghhjr ! irjjzjr  djmekm dgmdgme lkmeumkm << Vubu `gmg`kh dg`amgtar dg`amgtar 6 "tgek' ckhg sjbkrg sjtgkp pkeg( sgkme dkm sarj sjrtk bkrus dgdacu`jmtksgckm <6 ^jhkrut LFE dkm pjhkrut fk`pkc sjrtk pjmjtjs pahga dkpkt dgsg`pkm pkdk subu ck`kr dkm tgdkc dgpjrlahjbckm tjrpkpkr sgmkr `ktkbkrg hkmesume <4 ^jmkmekmkm vkcsgm ogck su`ljr hgstrgc pkdk`? k' bgdupckm ejmjrktar l'  ogck ejmjrktar tgdkc ljriumesg djmekm lkgc( `kck dghkcuckm hkmeckb-hkmeckb sjlkekg ljrgcut ?   okmekm `j`luck pgmtu fbghhjr ! irjjzjr ! fahd raa` ! irjjzjr  raa`   pjrgcsk tjr`a`jtjr( pkstgckm lkbwk subu `ksgb dg kmtkrk #<°F s ! d #2°F umtuc fbghhjr ! fahd raa` ktku raa` ktku ≪ -;:°F umtuc irjjzjr umtuc irjjzjr !  irjjzjr raa`    Ogck subu fbghhjr ! fahd raa`  `jmdjcktg #2°F( `ksucckm faah   pkfc "#<°F  pkfc "#<°F s!d #2°F' sjfucupmyk   Ogck subu  irjjzjr ! irjjzjr raa`  `jmdjcktg -;:°F( `ksucckm fahd pkfc  "-<>°F ' ktku dry gfj sjfucupmyk gfj sjfucupmyk f'  Ogck cjkdkkm gmg ljrhkmesume hjlgb dkrg ; bkrg( `kck vkcsgm bkrus dgjvkcuksg cj tj`pkt pjmyg`pkmkm ykme sjsukg djmekm pjrsykrktkm

^jmegrg`km <:  Tgkp pjmejhukrkm praduc bkrus `j`ktubg ckgdkb sjlkekg ljrgcut ?  IJIA "Igrst "Igrst Jxpgrj Igrst Aut '( '( praduc ykme tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrskmyk hjlgb pjmdjc bkrus hjlgb dkbuhu dgcjhukrckm  IGIA "Igrst "Igrst Gm - Igrst Aut '( '( praduc ykme hjlgb duhu dgtjrg`k kekr hjlgb duhu dgdgstrglusgckm  Zmtuc vkcsgm ykme `j`ghgcg gmdgcktar( `gskhmyk vkcsgm djmekm YY@ "Ykcsgm Ygkh @amgtar' dkm camdgsg gmdgfktar sudkb `jmekrkb ktku `jmdjcktg cj lktks hkykc pkckg "ktku pasgsg YY@ `jmumoucckm wkrmk hjlgb ejhkp'( `kck vkcsgm tjrsjlut bkrus dgcjhukrckm tjrhjlgb dkbuhu wkhkupum tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrskmyk `ksgb pkmokme <9 Vjtgkp pjmejhukrkm praduc bkrus dgfktkt pkdk iar` fktktkm ljts pjmegrg`km ykme gsgmyk `jhgputg tuoukm pjmegrg`km( ojmgs lkrkme(  ou`hkb( ma`ar ljts dkm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrskmyk <5 Dkhk` ikctur!surkt pjmekmtkr lkrkme bkrus `jmfkmtu`ckm tuoukm pjmegrg`km( ojmgs lkrkme( ou`hkb( ma`ar ljts dkm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrskmyk

-44<2 Zmtuc pjmegrg`km vkcsgm bkrus `jmeeumkckm camtkgmjr ykme sudkb tjrvkhgdksg ktku vkffgmj fkrrgjr  ykme `j`jmubg stkmdkr pjmegrg`km vkcsgm

^J@JHGBK\KKM <7 Bgmdkrckm pj`ljcukm vkcsgm kmtkrk hkgm vkcsgm D^T( TT( DT( Bjpktgtgs L( DT^-BL dkm sjru` djmekm fkrk `jmj`pktckm vkcsgm ykme pjck tjrbkdkp pj`ljcukm okub dkrg jvkparktar ljrdkskrckm bksgh vkhgdksg ^j`jhgbkrkkm fbghhjr!fahd raa`!irjjzjr  6> ^j`jhgbkrkkm fbghhjr!fahd raa`!irjjzjr tjrdgrg raa`!irjjzjr tjrdgrg dkrg? k' ^j`jhgbkrkkm Bkrgkm bkrus dg`amgtar dkm dgfktkt  Vubu fbghhjr!fahd raa`!irjjzjr  `gmg`kh sjtgkp 6 "tgek' ckhg sjbkrg( pkeg( sgkme dkm sarj dkm bkrus dgjvkhuksg sjrtk dgdacu`jmtksgckm Ogck tjrokdg pjmyg`pkmekm `kck bkrus dgtgmdkchkmoutg dkm dgfktkt3  Bgmdkrckm sjrgme `j`luck dkm `jmutup fbghhjr!fahd  raa`!irjjzjr 3   Ogck subu sudkb stklgh kmtkrk #< s!d #2°F pkdk fbghhjr!fahd  raa`  ktku -;: s!d - <:°F pkdk  irjjzjr ( pasgsg tjr`astkt okmekm dgulkb dkm ogck `umecgm dgsjejh l' ^j`jhgbkrkkm @gmeeukm  pkstgckm tgdkc kdk lumek js pkdk fbghhjr!fahd raa`! irjjzjr 3 lkegkm hukr fbghhjr!fahd raa`!irjjzjr  umtuc  ljrsgbckm `jmebgmdkrg ckrkt3  pjrgcsk sk`lumekm hgstrgc pkdk stap camtkc( upkykckm pkstgckm tgdkc hameekr3 cjegktkm tjrsjlut dg ktks bkrus dgfktkt dkm  sj`uk dgdacu`jmtksgckm f' ^j`jhgbkrkkm Luhkmkm  ljrsgbckm lkegkm dkhk` fbghhjr ! fahd raa` ! irjjzjr  pjrgcsk cjrkpktkm ckrjt pgmtu  pjrgcsk jmesjh pgmtu( ogck pjrhu ljrg pjhu`ks  ljrsgbckm ckrjt pgmtu  sj`uk cjegktkm tjrsjlut bkrus dgfktkt dkm dgdacu`jmtksgckm 6; ^jrhu ouek dghkcuckm pjmejfjckm sjfkrk ljrckhk tjrbkdkp fbghhjr!fahd  raa`!irjjzjr ahjb raa`!irjjzjr ahjb tjcmgsg ykme ca`pjtjm

Vgstj` Djirast umtuc Djirast  umtuc Irjjzjr  6<  Tkbkp pjhkcskmkkm pjmfkgrkm lumek js "djirast'  umtuc  irjjzjr  sjlkekg ljrgcut?  Dghkcuckm ogck cjtjlkhkm lumek js sudkb `jmfkpkg >(: f`  ^gmdkbckm vkcsgm cj dkhk` fahd lax!irjjzjr  hkgm sjsukg djmekm pjrumtuckmmyk  Fklut stap camtkc  irjjzjr  "okmekm `j`ktgckm  irjjzjr  djmekm `j`utkr tjr`astkt'  Vjhk`k pjmfkgrkm lumek js( pgmtu irjjzjr  pgmtu irjjzjr bkrus bkrus tjtkp tjrluck

-4:

 

Lgkrckm pasgsg tjrsjlut sk`pkg lumek js `jmfkgr sj`ukmyk ^jmfkgrkm dkpkt dgpjrfjpkt djmekm `jmygrk`ckm kgr bkmekt cj dkhk`  irjjzjr  Okmekm `jmeeumkckm pgsku ktku ljmdk tkok` hkgmmyk umtuc `jmfamecjh lumek js Vjtjhkb fkgr cj`udgkm ljrsgbckm j`lum ! kgr ykme `jmj`pjh pkdk dgmdgme lkegkm dkhk` irjjzjr  dkhk` irjjzjr   Okhkmckm cj`lkhg  irjjzjr  bgmeek subumyk cj`lkhg stklgh sjljhu` vkcsgm dgpgmdkbckm

CZKHGIGCKVG( CKHGL\KVG DKM YKHGDKVG 66 Fbghhjr!fahd raa`!irjjzjr  dgcukhgigcksg pkdk kwkh pjmeeumkkm ktku dkhk` bkh tjrokdg pjrulkbkm camdgsg sjsukg djmekm spjsgigcksgmyk 64  Tjr`a`jtjr dgckhglrksg sjcurkme-curkmemyk sktu ckhg dkhk` sktu tkbum tjrbkdkp stkmdkrd ykme tjrsjrtgigcksg 6: Ykhgdksg prasjs pjmegrg`km pjrhu dghkcuckm umtuc `j`kstgckm subu pjmegrg`km tgdkc `jmyg`pkme dkrg ykme dgpjrsykrktckm 69 Vj`uk cjegktkm tjrsjlut bkrus tjrdacu`jmtksg

-49-

KMJCV GGG MK\CATGCK DKM ^VGCAT\A^GCK ^rgmsgp Fkrk dgstrglusg mkrcatgck dkm psgcatrapgck bkrus dghkcuckm dkhk` rkmeck pj`jmubkm FDAL tjr`ksuc umtuc `jmfjekb tjrokdgmyk pjmyg`pkmekm dkm!ktku cjbghkmekm mkrcatgck dkm psgcatrapgck dkrg okhur dgstrglusg rjs`g Z`u` Dgstrglusg mkrcatgck dkm psgcatrapgck wkogl `j`jmubg cjtjmtukm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm dkm FDAL ^J\VAMKHGK ^jmkmeeume Okwkl ; ^jmkmeeume okwkl `jrupkckm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme umdkmekm

sjarkme

kpatjcjr

sjsukg

djmekm

LKMEZMKM DKM ^J\KHKTKM < ^jrsykrktkm lkmeumkm dkm pjrkhktkm ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `jmejhahk mkrcatgck wkogl `j`jmubg cjtjmtukm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 6 Eudkme ktku hj`krg pjmyg`pkmkm psgcatrapgck bkrus k`km dkm tjrcumfg 4 Cumfg hj`krg ktku eudkme pjmyg`pkmkm psgcatrapgck dgcukskg ahjb pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg ktku pjrsamgh hkgm ykme dgcukskckm sjsukg djmekm urkgkm pjcjrokkm : Ckpksgtks hj`krg ktku eudkme cbusus pjmyg`pkmkm mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck bkrus sjsukg djmekm ykme dgpjrsykrktckm 9 Eudkme cbusus pjmyg`pkmkm psgcatrapgck tgdkc lahjb dg`ksucg arkme hkgm tkmpk gzgm pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg

A^J\KVGAMKH  Cukhgigcksg ^j`ksac 5 ^j`ksac ykme `jmykhurckm mkrcatgck wkogl `j`ghgcg gogm cbusus sjlkekg iksghgtks dgstrglusg ktku gmdustrg ikr`ksg ykme `j`praducsg mkrcatgck 2 Gzgm cbusus `jmykhurckm ktku `j`praducsg mkrcatgck dgtjrlgtckm ahjb @jmtjrg Cjsjbktkm

Cukhgigcksg ^jhkmeekm 7 Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`kstgckm pjmykhurkm mkrcatgck cj iksghgtks dgstrglusghkgm ykme `j`ghgcg gogm cbusus pjmykhur mkrcatgck( gmstkhksg sjdgkkm ikr`ksg( kpatjc dkm ru`kb skcgt ykme `j`ghgcg cjwjmkmekm `jmykhurckm ktku `jmyjrkbckm mkrcatgck sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm ;> Iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`kstgckm pjmykhurkm psgcatrapgck cj iksghgtks dgstrglusg hkgm( gmstkhksg sjdgkkm ikr`ksg( kpatjc dkm ru`kb skcgt

-45 ykme `j`ghgcg cjwjmkmekm `jmyjrkbckm psgcatrapgck sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm

^jmekdkkm ;; ^jrjmfkmkkm cjlutubkm tkbumkm mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck

bkrus

dglukt

dkhk`

pjmekdkkm

;< ^jmekdkkm mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck bkrus ljrdkskrckm surkt pjskmkm djmekm iar`kt cbusus sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkmeumdkmekm ;6 Vurkt ^jskmkm wkogl? k' kshg dkm dglukt pkhgme sjdgcgt dkhk` rkmeckp < "duk' sjrtk tgdkc dgljmkrckm dkhk` ljmtuc ikcsg`ghg dkm iatacapg3 l' dgtkmdktkmekmg ahjb pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg dkm dghjmeckpg djmekm mk`k ojhks dkm ma`ar Vurkt Gzgm Cjrok "VGC' ! Vurkt  Tkmdk \jegstrksg Kpatjcjr "VT\K'3 f' `jmfkmtu`ckm mk`k dkm khk`kt hjmeckp( ma`ar tjhjpam ! ikcsg`ghg( ma`ar gzgm dkm stj`pjh iksghgtks dgstrglusg3 d' `jmfkmtu`ckm mk`k gmdustrg ikr`ksg ktku iksghgtks dgstrglusg pj`ksac ljsjrtk khk`kt hjmeckp3 j' `jmfkmtu`ckm mk`k mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck( ojmgs dkm cjcuktkm sjdgkkm( gsg cj`kskm dkm ou`hkb dkhk` ljmtuc kmeck dkm burui3 i' dgljrg ma`ar urut dkm tkmeekh djmekm pjmuhgskm ykme ojhks3 e' dglukt tjrpgskb dkrg surkt pjskmkm alkt hkgm3

^jmjrg`kkm ;4 ^kdk skkt pjmjrg`kkm bkrus dghkcuckm pj`jrgcskkm tjrbkdkp? k' cjljmkrkm mk`k( ojmgs( ma`ar ljts( tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk( ou`hkb dkm cj`kskm bkrus sjsukg djmekm surkt pjmekmtkr ! pjmegrg`km lkrkme dkm!ktku ikctur pjmoukhkm3 l' camdgsg camtkgmjr pjmegrg`km dkm!ktku cj`kskm tjr`ksuc sjejh( hkljh dkm!ktku pjmkmdkkm dkhk` camdgsg lkgc3 f' cjljmkrkm mk`k( ojmgs( ou`hkb dkm cj`kskm dkhk` surkt pjmekmtkr ! pjmegrg`km lkrkme dkm!ktku ikctur pjmoukhkm bkrus sjsukg djmekm krsgp surkt pjskmkm ;: Vjtjhkb dghkcuckm pj`jrgcskkm pkdk lutgr ;4 dkm dgmyktkckm tjhkb sjsukg( pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `jmkmdktkmekmg surkt pjmekmtkr ! pjmegrg`km lkrkme dkm!ktku ikctur pjmoukhkm dkm dglulubg stj`pjh iksghgtks dgstrglusg ;9 Ogck ;9 Ogck sjtjhkb dghkcuckm pj`jrgcskkm pkdk lutgr ;4 tjrdkpkt? k' gtj` alkt ykme tgdkc sjsukg djmekm surkt pjskmkm ktku l' camdgsg cj`kskm tgdkc lkgc( `kck alkt tjrsjlut bkrus dgcj`lkhgckm djmekm dgsjrtkg luctg rjtur dkm surkt pjskmkm kshg( dkm sjejrk `j`gmtk luctg tjrg`k pjmej`lkhgkm dkrg pj`ksac

-42;5 Ogck ;5 Ogck tjrdkpkt cjtgdkcsjsukgkm ma`ar ljts( tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk dkm  ou`hkb kmtkrk igsgc djmekm dacu`jm pjmekdkkm bkrus dglukt dacu`jmtksg umtuc `jmechkrgigcksg cjtgdkc sjsukgkm dg`kcsud cj pgbkc pj`ksac

^jmyg`pkmkm ;2 ^jmyg`pkmkm mkrcatgck pjrumdkme-umdkmekm

wkogl

`j`jmubg

cjtjmtukm

pjrkturkm

;7 ^sgcatrapgck bkrus dgsg`pkm dkhk` hj`krg ktku eudkme tjrcumfg sjrtk tgdkc lahjb dgeumkckm `jmyg`pkm lkrkme sjhkgm psgcatrapgck umtuc `jmok`gm cjk`kmkm

^j`usmkbkm <> ^j`usmkbkm dghkcuckm ahjb pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg dkm dgskcsgckm ahjb pjtueks Lkdkm ^A@( sjrtk dglukt ljrgtk kfkrk pj`usmkbkm ykme dgtkmdktkmekmg ahjb pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg dkm skcsg <; ^jhkcskmkkm pj`usmkbkm dghkparckm cj Lkdkm ^A@ djmekm tj`luskm dgsk`pkgckm cj Lkhkg Ljskr!Lkhkg ^A@ dkm Dgmks Cjsjbktkm ^ravgmsg sjtj`pkt djmekm `jhk`pgrckm ljrgtk kfkrk pj`usmkbkm << Hkparkm pj`usmkbkm sjcurkme-curkmemyk `j`ukt? k' mk`k mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck( ojmgs dkm cjcuktkm sjdgkkm( gsg cj`kskm( ou`hkb( ma`ar ljts dkm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk3 l' tkmeekh( wkctu dkm tj`pkt pjhkcskmkkm pj`usmkbkm3 f' fkrk dkm khkskm pj`usmkbkm3 d' mk`k pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg3 dkm j' mk`k skcsg-skcsg

^jmykhurkm <6 Dkhk` pjmykhurkm bkrus `j`pjrbktgckm pjskmkm( pjmej`kskm dkm pjmegrg`km

tkbkp-tkbkp

pjmjrg`kkm

<4 ^jmjrg`kkm pjskmkm k' ^kdk skkt pjmjrg`kkm pjskmkm( pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg wkogl `j`jrgcsk bkh-bkh sjlkekg ljrgcut? g' surkt pjskmkm `jmeeumkckm iar`kt cbusus ykme tjhkb dgtjmtuckm dkm tjrpgskb dkrg praduc hkgm gg' cjkshgkm surkt pjskmkm( tgdkc dkhk` ljmtuc ikcsg`ghg( iatacapg `kupum j`kgh ggg' `j`jrgcsk cjljmkrkm surkt pjskmkm( `jhgputg?  mk`k dkm khk`kt pjmkmeeume okwkl skrkmk pj`jskm3  mk`k mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck( ojmgs dkm cjcuktkm sjdgkkm( gsg cj`kskm dkm ou`hkb dkhk` ljmtuc kmeck dkm burui3  ma`ar surkt pjskmkm3  mk`k( khk`kt dkm gzgm skrkmk pj`jskm gv' Cjklskbkm surkt pjskmkm( `jhgputg?

-47

tkmdk tkmekm dkm mk`k ojhks pjmkmeeume okwkl  ma`ar Vurkt Gzgm Cjrok "VGC' pjmkmeeume okwkl  stj`pjh iksghgtks dgstrglusg ktku skrkmk pjhkykmkm cjikr`ksgkm l' ^jmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg bkrus `j`pjrbktgckm cjwkokrkm  ou`hkb dkm irjcujmsg pjskmkm f' ^jskmkm ykme dgtahkc ktku ykme tgdkc dkpkt dghkykmg bkrus sjejrk dgljrgtkbuckm cjpkdk pj`jskm djmekm `jmjrlgtckm Vurkt ^jmahkckm ^jskmkm pkhgme hk`k 5 "tuoub' bkrg cjrok d' Vurkt pjskmkm mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck ykme dkpkt dghkykmg( dgskbckm ahjb pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg djmekm `j`lulubckm tkmdk tkmekm ktku pkrki ktku sgstj` hkgm ykme dkpkt dgpjrtkmeeumeokwklckm <: ^jmej`kskm k' ^jmej`kskm umtuc tuoukm pjmegrg`km mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck bkrus dghkcskmkckm sjtjhkb `jmjrg`k surkt pjskmkm l' Vjtgkp pjmejhukrkm mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck umtuc dghkcuckm pjmej`kskm bkrus dgfktkt dkhk` ckrtu stac dkm dgskbckm djmekm pkrki Cjpkhk Eudkme f' Vjljhu` dghkcuckm pjmej`kskm mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck ykme kckm dgcgrg` bkrus dghkcuckm pj`jrgcskkm tjrbkdkp? g' cjljmkrkm mk`k mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck( ojmgs dkm cjcuktkm sjdgkkm( gsg cj`kskm dkm ou`hkb gg' ma`ar ljts( tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk dkm mk`k gmdustrg ikr`ksg ggg' camdgsg cj`kskm tjr`ksuc pjmkmdkkm dkm sjejh dkrg mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck gv' cjhjmeckpkm dkm cjklskbkm dacu`jm sjrtk cjljmkrkm tuoukm pjmegrg`km <9 ^jmegrg`km k' Vjtgkp pjmegrg`km mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck bkrus dgsjrtkg dkm dghjmeckpg djmekm dacu`jm pjmegrg`km mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck  ykme skb( kmtkrk hkgm surkt okhkm dkm!ktku surkt pjmekmtkr!pjmegrg`km lkrkme dkm!ktku ikctur pjmoukhkm ykme dgcjhukrckm ahjb iksghgtks dgstrglusg ykme dgtkmdktkmekmg ahjb cjpkhk eudkme dkm pjmkmeeumeokwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg l' Dacu`jm pjmegrg`km bkrus tjrpgskb dkrg dacu`jm hkgm f' Iksghgtks dgstrglusg wkogl ljrtkmeeume okwkl tjrbkdkp pjmegrg`km mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck sk`pkg dgtjrg`k dg tj`pkt pj`jskm ahjb pjmkmeeume okwkl skrkmk ktku pjmkmeeume okwkl praducsg( dgluctgckm djmekm tjhkb dgtkmdktkmekmgmyk surkt pjmekmtkr!pjmegrg`km lkrkme "mk`k( ma`ar VGC!VG^K( tkmdk tkmekm pjmkmeeume okwkl( tkmeekh pjmjrg`kkm( dkm stj`pjh skrkmk' d' ^jmegrg`km mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck wkogl sjsukg djmekm khk`kt  ykme tjrfkmtu` pkdk surkt pjskmkm dkm ikctur pjmoukhkm ktku surkt pjmekmtkr!pjmegrg`km lkrkme j' Vjtgkp mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck ykme `jmekhk`g cjruskckm dkhk` pjmegrg`km bkrus dgfktkt dkhk` ljmtuc ljrgtk kfkrk dkm dghkparckm sjejrk cjpkdk pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg pjmegrg` Vjhkmoutmyk bkh tjrsjlut dghkparckm cjpkdk Lkdkm ^A@ \G djmekm

-:>tj`luskm Lkhkg Ljskr!Lkhkg ^A@ sjtj`pkt i' Vjtgkp cjbghkmekm mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck sjhk`k pjmegrg`km wkogl dgfktkt dkhk` ljmtuc ljrgtk kfkrk dkm dghkparckm sjejrk cjpkdk pjmkmeeume okwkl iksghgtks dgstrglusg Vjhkmoutmyk bkh tjrsjlut sjejrk dghkparckm cjpkdk Lkdkm ^A@ \G djmekm tj`luskm Lkhkg Ljskr ! Lkhkg ^A@ sjtj`pkt dghjmeckpg djmekm luctg hkpar cjpahgsgkm

Jcspar dkm G`par <5 Vjtgkp pjmekdkkm mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck `jhkhug g`par bkrus `j`jmubg pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm <2 Vjtgkp pjmekdkkm mkrcatgck dkm psgcatrapgck g`par bkrus dghjmeckpg djmekm surkt pjskmkm dkm jstg`ksg cjlutubkm tkbumkm dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg pjmeeumk <7 Vjtgkp cjegktkm jcspar mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck( bkrus `j`jmubg pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm

MK\CATGCK DKM ^VGCAT\A^GCK CJ@LKHGKM 6> Cjtjmtukm tjmtkme mkrcatgck dkm psgcatrapgck cj`lkhgkm `jmekfu pkdk Lkl YG( djmekm cjtjmtukm tk`lkbkm sjlkekg ljrgcut? k' Mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck cj`lkhgkm bkrus dgsg`pkm tjrpgskb dkrg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt cj`lkhgkm hkgm( tjrcumfg dkm k`km umtuc `jmfjekb pjmdgstrglusgkm cj`lkhg l' ^jmkmekmkm praduc cj`lkhgkm dkm tgmdkc hkmoutmyk bkrus dgdacu`jmtksgckm Zmtuc praduc cj`lkhgkm ykme kckm dg`usmkbckm bkrus dghkparckm cj Lkdkm ^A@ \G DACZ@JMTKVG 6; ^jmfktktkm `utksg mkrcatgck ktku psgcatrapgck wkogl dghkcuckm djmekm tjrtgl dkm kcurkt 6< @jhkcuckm stafc apmk`j sjfkrk ljrckhk sjcurkme-curkmemyk ; "sktu' luhkm sjckhg 66 @jhkcuckm gmvjstgeksg kdkmyk sjhgsgb stac djmekm igsgc skkt stafc apmk`j dkm `jmdacu`jmtksgckm bksgh gmvjstgeksg dkhk` ljmtuc ljrgtk kfkrk bksgh gmvjstgeksg sjhgsgb stac sjrtk `jhkparckm cj Lkdkm ^A@ \G djmekm tj`luskm Lkhkg Ljskr!Lkhkg ^A@ sjtj`pkt 64 Dacu`jm pjmekdkkm `jhgputg krsgp surkt pjskmkm( ikctur pjmoukhkm dkm!ktku surkt pjmekmtkr!pjmegrg`km lkrkme ! dkrg gmdustrg ikr`ksg ktku iksghgtks dgstrglusg hkgm( luctg rjtur dkm!ktku matk crjdgt( wkogl dgkrsgpckm `jmokdg sktu ljrdkskrckm ma`ar urut ktku tkmeekh pjmjrg`kkm lkrkme dkm tjrpgskb tjrpgskb dkrg dacu`jm hkgm 6: Dacu`jm pjmykhurkm `jhgputg surkt pjskmkm( ikctur pjmoukhkm dkm!ktku surkt pjmyjrkbkm!pjmegrg`km lkrkme( luctg rjtur dkm!ktku matk crjdgt( wkogl dgkrsgpckm `jmokdg sktu ljrdkskrckm ma`ar urut ktku tkmeekh pjmykhurkm lkrkme dkm tjrpgskb dkrg dacu`jm praduc hkgm

-:;69 Vurkt pjskmkm ykme tgdkc dkpkt dghkykmg tjtkp dgkrsgpckm djmekm dgljrg tkmdk pj`lktkhkm ykme ojhks 65 Dacu`jm ljrgtk kfkrk pj`usmkbkm( ljrgtk kfkrk cjruskckm( ljrgtk kfkrk cjbghkmekm dkm ljrgtk kfkrk bksgh gmvjstgeksg sjhgsgb stac( wkogl dgdacu`jmtksgckm( dgpgskbckm dkrg dacu`jm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt hkgm dkm dgsusum ljrdkskrckm urutkm tkmeekh ljrgtk kfkrk 62 Krsgp ckrtu stac `kmukh wkogl dgsg`pkm sjfkrk tjrpgskb dkrg ckrtu stac praduc hkgm dkm dgsusum ljrdkskrckm tkmeekh sjbgmeek `udkb dgtk`pghckm dkm dkpkt dgtjhusurg pkdk skkt dgpjrhuckm 67 Iksghgtks dgstrglusg wkogl `jmyk`pkgckm hkparkm luhkmkm pjmykhurkm mkrcatgck dkm ktku psgcatrapgck sjsukg djmekm cjtjmtukm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 4> Iksghgtks dgstrglusg ykme `jhkcuckm g`partksg mkrcatgck dkm!ktku psgcatrapgck wkogl `jmyk`pkgckm hkparkm rjkhgsksg g`par sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm 4; Iksghgtks dgstrglusg ykme `jhkcuckm jcspartksg mkrcatgck dkm!ktku psgcatrapgck wkogl `jmyk`pkgckm hkparkm rjkhgsksg jcspar sjsukg djmekm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm

-:<-

EHAVK\GZ@ Dkhk` pjda`km gmg dgeumkckm djigmgsg sjlkekg ljrgcut3 dkhk` camtjcs hkgm tjr`gmahaeg gmg dkpkt `j`ghgcg krtg ykme ljrljdk

Kpatjc Vuktu tj`pkt tjrtjmtu umtuc `jhkcuckm pjcjrokkm cjikr`ksgkm dkm pjmyjrkbkm sjdgkkm ikr`ksg dkm pjrljckhkm cjsjbktkm hkgmmyk cjpkdk `ksykrkckt Kudgt Cjegktkm ykme alojctgi dkm gmdjpjmdjm ykme dgrkmfkme umtuc `j`ljrg mghkg tk`lkb dkm `jmgmecktckm cgmjrok arekmgsksg( djmekm `j`lkmtu arekmgsksg tjrsjlut umtuc `jmfkpkg skskrkmmyk `jmeeumkckm pjmdjcktkm sgstj`ktgs( umtuc `jmejvkhuksg dkm `jmgmecktckm jijctgvgtks `kmkoj`jm rgsgca( prasjs pjmekwkskm( dkm tktk cjhahk Ljts Vjou`hkb alkt ykme `j`pumykg sgikt dkm `utu ykme sjrkek`( ykme dgbksghckm dkhk` sktu sgchus pj`luktkm ktks suktu pjrgmtkb pj`luktkm tjrtjmtu Jsjmsg suktu ljts kdkhkb ba`aejmgtksmyk Fkrk Dgstrglusg Alkt ykme Lkgc "FDAL' Fkrk dgstrglusg!pjmykhurkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ykme ljrtuoukm umtuc `j`kstgckm `utu sjpkmokme okhur dgstrglusg!pjmykhurkm sjsukg pjrsykrktkm dkm tuoukm pjmeeumkkmmyk Fkrk ^j`luktkm Alkt ykme Lkgc "F^AL' Vjhurub kspjc dkhk` prkctjc ykme dgtjtkpckm ykme sjfkrk cahjctgi  `jmebksghckm praduc kcbgr ktku hkykmkm ykme sjfkrk camsgstjm `j`jmubg spjsgigcksg ykme sjsukg sjrtk `jmegcutg pjrkturkm mksgamkh dkm gmtjrmksgamkh Dgstrglusg Vjtgkp cjegktkm ktku sjrkmeckgkm cjegktkm `jhgputg pjmekdkkm( pj`ljhgkm( pjmyg`pkmkm( pjmykhurkm( g`partksg( jcspartksg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt( tgdkc tjr`ksuc pjmyjrkbkm alkt hkmesume cjpkdk pksgjm Igrst Jxpgry ! Igrst Aut "IJIA' ^rasjdur dgstrglusg ykme `j`kstgckm lkbwk stac alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt djmekm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk ykme hjlgb kwkh dgdgstrglusgckm hjlgb dkbuhu sjljhu` stac praduc ykme sk`k djmekm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk ykme hjlgb pkmokme Gmstkhksg Vjdgkkm Ikr`ksg Vkrkmk ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `jmdgstrglusgckm ktku `jmykhurckm Vjdgkkm Ikr`ksg `ghgc pj`jrgmtkb( pj`jrgmtkb dkjrkb pravgmsg(dkm pj`jrgmtkb dkjrkb cklupktjm!catk

-:6-

Gzgm Jdkr Dacu`jm ykme dgskbckm bucu` mjekrk ykme dgtjrlgtckm ahjb atargtk pjmekwkskm alkt dkm ljrgsgckm ca`pasgsg dkm iar`uhksg rgmfg dkrg suktu praduc sjrtk spjsgigcksg ikr`kcapj ktku spjsgigcksg hkgm ykme dgcjmkh u`u` dkrg lkbkm-lkbkm ykme dgeumkckm dkhk` praduc kcbgr( tjr`ksuc ouek rgmfgkm dkrg lkbkm pjmej`ks dkm pjmkmdkkm sjrtk `ksk jdkr dkrg praduc tjrsjlut Ok`gmkm @utu Vjhurub cjegktkm tjrjmfkmk dkm sgstj`ktgs ykme dghkcuckm dkhk` sgstj` `utu dkm dghkcuckm sjsukg cjlutubkm umtuc `jykcgmckm lkbwk suktu lkrkme kckm `j`jmubg pjrsykrktkm `utu ykme dgtjtkpckm Ckrkmtgmk Vtktus lkbkm ktku praduc ykme dgpgskbckm sjfkrk igsgc ktku djmekm sgstj` tjrtjmtu( sj`jmtkrk `jmumeeu cjputuskm kpkckb lkbkm ktku praduc tjrsjlut dgtahkc ktku dgsjtuoug pjmeeumkkmmyk umtuc pjmeahkbkm( pjmej`kskm ktku dgstrglusg Cj`kskm ^rg`jr ! Ukdkb Cj`kskm ykme ljrsjmtubkm hkmesume djmekm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt Cj`kskm Vjcumdjr Cj`kskm ykme ljrgsg wkdkb ktku cj`kskm prg`jr"UBA' Cj`kskm Tjrsgjr ! Camtkgmjr Cj`kskm hukr ykme ljrgsg cj`kskm prg`jr dkm!ktku sjcumdjr( dgeumkckm pkdk skkt pjmegrg`km Cjmdkrkkm  Truc( lus( `gmglus( `algh( pjskwkt( ckpkh( dkm khkt pjmekmecutkm hkgm ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `j`lkwk alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt Camtk`gmksg ^jmfj`krkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt djmekm zkt pjmeatar cg`gk ktku `gcralgahaeg ktku ljmdk ksgme ykme tgdkc dggmegmckm( cj dkhk` ktku pkdk lkbkm alkt( lkbkm kmtkrk ktku alkt sjhk`k pjmkmekmkm( praducsg( pjmek`lghkm sk`pjh( pjmej`kskm ktku pjmej`kskm uhkme( pjmyg`pkmkm ktku pjmegrg`km Camtk`gmksg Vghkme ^jmfj`krkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt djmekm lkbkm ktku praduc hkgm Camtrkc ^jrokmogkm cjroksk`k kmtkrk duk pgbkc ktku hjlgb dkhk` pjhkcskmkkm cjegktkm dgstrglusg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt( ljrcjmkkm djmekm wkctu( bkrek dkm camdgsg tjrtjmtu @ksk Jdkr  Okmeck wkctu

suktu

praduc

ikr`ksg(

ogck

dgsg`pkm

djmekm

ljmkr(

-:4dgpjrcgrkckm `j`jmubg spjsgigcksg ykme dgtjmtuckm ljrdkskrckm studg stklghgtks pkdk sjou`hkb lktfb praduc @ksk jdkr dgeumkckm umtuc `jmjtkpckm tkmeekh cjdkhuwkrsk sjtgkp lktfb

Mkrcatgck Lkbkm ktku alkt ykme ljrkskh dkrg tkmk`km ktku luckm tkmk`km( lkgc sgmtjtgs `kupum sj`g-sgmtjtgs( ykme dkpkt `jmyjlklckm pjmurumkm ktku pjrulkbkm cjskdkrkm( bghkmemyk rksk( `jmeurkmeg sk`pkg `jmebghkmeckm rksk myjrg( dkm dkpkt `jmg`luhckm cjtjrekmtumekm( ykme dgljdkckm cj dkhk` eahamekm-eahamekm sjlkekg`kmk tjrhk`pgr dkhk` Zmdkme-Zmdkme tjmtkme Mkrcatgck Ma`ar Ljts ^jmkmdkkm ykme tjrdgrg dkrg kmeck ktku burui ktku eklumekm cjdukmyk(  ykme `jrupkckm tkmdk pjmejmkh suktu ljts( ykme `j`umecgmckm pjmjhusurkm cj`lkhg rgwkykt hjmeckp pj`luktkm ljts tjrsjlut( tjr`ksuc sjhurub tkbkp praducsg( pjmekwkskm( dkm dgstrglusg Alkt Lkbkm ktku pkdukm lkbkm( tjr`ksuc praduc lgahaeg ykme dgeumkckm umtuc `j`pjmekrubg ktku `jmyjhgdgcg sgstj` igsgahaeg ktku cjkdkkm pktahaeg dkhk` rkmeck pjmjtkpkm dgkemasgs( pjmfjekbkm( pjmyj`lubkm( pj`uhgbkm( pjmgmecktkm cjsjbktkm dkm camtrksjpsg umtuc `kmusgk Alkt ^khsu Alkt ykme dgpraducsg ahjb ykme tgdkc ljrbkc ljrdkskrckm pjrkturkm pjrumdkme-umdkmekm ykme ljrhkcu ktku praducsg alkt djmekm pjmkmdkkm  ykme `jmgru gdjmtgtks alkt hkgm ykme tjhkb `j`ghgcg gzgm jdkr ^j`ksac ^gbkc ktku lkdkm ykme ljruruskm dkhk` pjmyjdgkkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt ^krk pj`ksac `umecgm kdkhkb kejm( pjrkmtkrk( iksghgtks dgstrglusg( gmdustrg ktku pjdkekme Kpklghk `j`umecgmckm( pkrk pj`ksac bkrus `j`pumykg gzgm dkrg gmstkmsg ykme ljrwjmkme ^j`luktkm Vjhurub cjegktkm ykme `jmfkcup pjmekdkkm( praducsg( pjmej`kskm( pjmkmdkkm( pjmekwkskm `utu( pjmejhukrkm( pjmyg`pkmkm( dgstrglusg alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dkm pjmekwkskm ykme ljrckgtkm ^jmkmdkkm Gmiar`ksg ykme dgfkmtu`ckm pkdk hkljh cj`kskm ^jmkrgckm Cj`lkhg ^rasjs pjmkrgckm alkt dkrg rkmtkg dgstrglusg ckrjmk praduc fkfkt( kdkmyk pjmekdukm tjrbkdkp jijc sk`pgme alkt ykme sjrgus dkm!ktku ljrcjmkkm djmekm praduc pkhsu ktku dgduek pkhsu ^jmkrgckm cj`lkhg alkt dkpkt dgprkckrskg ahjb gmdustrg ikr`ksg( g`partgr( iksghgtks dgstrglusg!pjmykhur ktku atargtks pjmekwks

-::-

^jmyg`pkmkm ^jmyg`pkmkm alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt sk`pkg pkdk skkt dgeumkckm ^rasjdur Apjrksg Vtkmdkr ^rasjdur tjrtuhgs ykme ljrgsg gmstrucsg umtuc `jhkcuckm cjegktkm( tgdkc pjrhu spjsgigc tjrbkdkp praduc tjrtjmtu tjtkpg hjlgb ljrsgikt u`u` ^sgcatrapgck Lkbkm ktku alkt( lkgc khk`gkb `kupum sgmtjtgs luckm Mkrcatgck( ykme ljrcbksgkt psgcakctgi `jhkhug pjmekrub sjhjctgi pkdk susumkm skrki puskt  ykme `jmyjlklckm pjrulkbkm cbks pkdk kctgvgtks `jmtkh dkm pjrghkcu \u`kb Vkcgt Gmstgtusg pjhkykmkm cjsjbktkm ykme `jmyjhjmeekrkckm pjhkykmkm cjsjbktkm pjrarkmekm sjfkrk pkrgpurmk( ykme `jmyjdgkckm pjhkykmkm rkwkt gmkp( rkwkt okhkm( dkm ekwkt dkrurkt Vgstj` @utu Vuktu gmirkstructur ykme sjsukg( `jhgputg structur arekmgsksg( prasjdur( prasjs dkm su`ljr dkyk( dkm tgmdkckm sgstj`ktgs ykme dgpjrhuckm umtuc `j`kstgckm lkbwk suktu praduc `j`jmubg pjrsykrktkm `utu djmekm tgmeckt cjpjrfkykkm ykme `j`kdkg Tkmeekh Cjdkhuwkrsk Lktks wkctu ykme tjrtjrk pkdk tgkp wkdkb alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt "u`u`myk pkdk pjmkmdkkm'( ykme `jmyktkckm lkbwk sk`pkg lktks wkctu tjrsjlut alkt dkm!ktku lkbkm alkt dgbkrkpckm `ksgb tjtkp `j`jmubg spjsgigcksgmyk( lghk dgsg`pkm djmekm ljmkr Dgtjtkpckm umtuc tgkp ljts djmekm fkrk `jmk`lkbckm `ksk sg`pkm pkdk tkmeekh pj`luktkm Trkmsgt  Okmeck wkctu suktu alkt dkhk` prasjs sjdkme dglkwk( dgsk`pkgckm ktku dgkmecut `jhgmtksg ktku `jhkhug suktu okhkm ktku rutj umtuc `jmfkpkg tuoukm kcbgrmyk

CJ^KHK LKDKM ^JMEKUKV ALKT DKM @KCKMKM \J^ZLHGC GMDAMJVGK(

 TTD HZFCW V VHK@JT