Proiect analiza datelor

FACULTA FACULTATEA TEA DE CIBERNETICA,STAT CIBERNETICA,STATISTICA ISTICA SI INFORMATICA ECONOMICA,BUCURESTI ECONOMICA,BUCU RESTI

PROIECT PROIE CT LA ANALI ANALIZA ZA DATELOR  DATELOR 

TRASCA ROXANA-MIHAELA GRUPA 1048 SERIA INFORMATICA A PROF COORDONATOR COORDONATOR : ANDREEA MURARU

CUPRINS

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PREZENTAREA DATELOR  ANALIZA COMPONENTELOR COMPONENTELOR PRINCIP PRINCIPALE ALE  ANALIZA CLUSTER  ANALIZA DISCRIMINANTA DISCRIMINANTA BLIBLIOGRAFIE CONCLUZII

I.PREZENTAREA DATELOR

In vee!e" !e"#$%"!$$ &!'$e()*#*$ ,(ee" (e $+&#$(" *)$#$%"e" &!'!"+e#'! S& $ Ev$e. &en)!* "n"#$%" ('+&'nen)e#'! &!$n($&"#e $ !e&e()$ve,&en)!* )e/$n$($#e e (#"$$("!e $e!"!/$("," ') ('n*#)") $)e-*# ...e*!')")!' ,e *ne -"* e2)!" *n n*+"! e 30 e )"!$ &en)!* ("!e "* ') e#e()")$  $n$(")'!$ $ "n*+e : PIB &e ("& e #'(*$)'!,E2&'!) e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$,I+&'!) e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$,6en$) ne) n")$'n"#,R")" e (!e)e!e PIB $ $nve)$)$$An*# e !ee!$n)" e)e "n*# 3007

PIB-ul &e ("& e #'(*$)'! e)e PIB-*# $+&"!)$) #" n*+"!*# #'(*$)'!$#'!A(e)" e)e "ee" ") (" "*)"),$ne+n"n (" e)e ")e# ("#(*#")e $n(") n$ve#*!$#e $e!$)e#'! &!e)*!$ *n) +(")e $n $e!$)e )"!$A)e# &'")e $ ('+&"!")" e$($en)" $e!$)e#'! )"!$ Exportul e)e ' '&e!")$e (* ("!"()e! ('++e!($"# &!$n ("!e ' &"!)e $n +"!*!$#e &!'*e,&!e#*(!")e,('+&#e)")e "* !e&"!")e $n)!-' )"!" e v"n &e &$")" "#)'! )"!$ Importul ('n)$)*$e )')"#$)")e" '&e!")$$#'! (* ("!"()e! ('++e!($"# &!$n ("!e e $n)!'* $n)!-' )"!" +"!*!$9&!'*e (*+&"!")e $n "#)e )"!$ Venitul national !e&!e%$n)" e2&!$+"!e" $n &!e)*!$#e "()'!$#'! " &!'**#*$ n")$'n"# ne) $ e2&!$+" *+" ven$)*!$#'! '5)$n*)e e &!'&!$e)"!$$ "()'!$#'! e &!'*()$e Rata reala e !re"tere a PIB-ului e2&!$+" (!e)e!e" e('n'+$(" " *ne$ )"!$ $ !e&!e%$n)" !")" e (!e)e!e " &!'**#*$ $n)e!n 5!*) "*)")" (* $n#")$" In#e"titiile  !e&!e%$n)" &#""!e" e ("&$)"#*!$ $n $n)!e&!$ne!$ $n*)!$"#e, "!$('#e, ('+e!($"#e e)( (* ('&*# '5)$ne!$$ e &!'$)*!$

II.ANALIZA CO$PONENTELOR PRINCIPALE%ACP&

Anali'a !omponentelor prin!ipale !e&!e%$n)" ' "n"#$%" +*#)$$+en$'n"#" ("!e "!e (" ('& $ne)$%"!e" $n'!+")$e$ ('n)$n*)" $n v"!$"5$#e#e $n$)$"#e &!$n $n)e!+e$*# *n'! n'$ v"!$"5$#e $n n*+"! +"$ +$( ,("!e *n) ('!!e#")e '*" (")e '*","!" (" "(e")" '!+" " ('n)$n" !e*n"n)e $n'!+")$'n"#eA(e)e ('+&'nen)e e2&!$+" "))!$5*)e n'$ $ *n) ('n)!*$)e $n "" e# $n(") " $e ne('!e#")e $n)!e e#e,$e("!e $$n ' ('+5$n")$e #$n$"!" e v"!$"5$#e '!$$n"#e  A)e#,"!e #'( !e*(e!e" $+en$'n"#$)")$$ &")$*#*$ ("*"# $n$)$"# $ $n#")*!"!e" !e*n"n)e$ $n'!+")$'n"#eC"!"()e!$)$($#e !e%*#)")e $n *!+" )!"n'!+"!$$ ("!"()e!$)$($#'! $n$)$"#e e n*+e ('+&'nen) &!$n($&"#e $ *n) e2&!$+")e *5 '!+" ('+5$n")$$#'! #$n$"!e e v"!$"5$#e '!$$n"#e ,e#e ,e "e+ene" *n) ("!"()e!$%")e e ' v"!$"5#$)")e +"2$+" S('&*# "(e)e$ "n"#$%e e)e (" &en)!* +")!$(e" n'")!" e ")e " e $en)$$(e n'$ v"!$"5$#e ("!e " e2&!$+e $n)e)$( ve(/$#e v"!$"5$#e ")e# $n(") ("n)$)")e" )')"#" e $n'!+")$ve " n* e &$"!" e(") $n +' ('n)!'#")  A)e# ,*&" $n("!("!e" +")!$(e$ e ")e $n SPSS ,v'+ $n(e&e "n"#$%" &!$n " !e+"!(" "&)*# (" )'")e ("!"()e!$)$($#e *!+"!$)e *n) v"!$"5$#e ('n)$n*e,("!" #'! e +"*!" $$n *'! e $en)$$(")P!$n *!+"!e &en)!* $e("!e v"!$"5$#" $n &"!)e,&en)!* $n(e&*),v'+ ("#(*#" $n$(")'!$$ e (en)!"!e $ e $+&!")$e!e (*+ "! $ meia(#aloarea minima(#aloarea maxima(pre!um "i a)aterea "tanar .

Ta)elul De"!ripti#e Stati"ti!" ('n)$ne $n'!+")$$ e&!e $e("!e v"!$"5$#" "n"#$%")" $ne&enen)D$n )"5#e "#"+ (" &en)!* v"!$"5$#" PIB &e ("& e #'(*$)'! v"#'"!e" +"2$+" e)e 34 ,$"! (e" +e$e e)e e 70 e *ne &*)e+ ('n(#*%$'n" (" $n +e$e PIB-*# e)e e)*# e !$$(")G!"*# e2&'!)*#*$ e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$ e)e e)*# e !$$(") "v"n ' v"#'"!e +"2$+" e 183 ,&!e(*+ $ (e# "# $+&'!)*#*$ e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$ ("!e "!e ' v"#'"!e +"2$+" e 1;<; e)*# e "&!'&$")" e (e" " e2&'!)*#*$6en$)*# n")$'n"# ne) "!e ' v"#'"!e +"2$+" e 87,$"! $nve)$)$$#e "* ' v"#'"!e +"2$+" e ;;6"#'"!e" +e$e " !")e$ e (!e)e!e " PIB-*#*$ " )"!$#'!

"n"#$%")e e)e e 1<,"(e")" v"!$"5$#" "v"n "5")e!e" )"n"! (e" +"$ +$(" e 3;,(ee" (e ne "!")" (" e)e $ (e" +"$ '+'en" v"!$"5$#","! $ (e" +"$ )"5$#"

 A&'$ &en)!* " vee" "(" $n$(")'!$$ ("#(*#")e *n) $ne&enen) "* n* v'+ "n"#$%" matri!ea !oe*i!ientilor e !orelatie  $n )"5e#*# *!+")'! :

L" &!$+" vee!e &*)e+ "$!+" "&)*# (" $n +")!$(e" ('e$($en)$#'! e ('!e#")$e e2$)" ('!e#")$$ ")") $n en &'%$)$v,(") $ $n en ne")$vA)e# $en)$$("+ $n +")!$(e" e +"$ *,*n ('e$($en) '"!)e +"!e e ('!e#")$e "&!'&$") e v"#'"!e" 1,$ "n*+e $n)!e $n$(")'!*# E2&'!) e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$ $ $n$(")'!*# I+&'!) e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$ "v"n ' v"#'"!e e 078T')'")" e +"$ $en)$$(" ('e$($en)$ e ('!e#")$e e)*# e +"!$ $n)!e $n$(")'!*# PIB &e #'(*$)'! $ E2&'!) e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$ "v"n ' v"#'"!e e 0< C" *!+"!e " "(e)'! ('n)")"!$ "+ &*)e" )')*$ " e#$+$n"+ *n$$ $n$(")'!$,"! &!'5#e+" e)e &e ("!e "-I e#$+$n"+=&en)!* " e#$+$n" *5$e()$v$+*# e($%$e,v'+ '#'$ )e/n$($#e e "n"#$%" " ('+&'nen)e#'! &!$n($&"#e $+&#e+en)")e $n SPSS,$ ne &!'&*ne+ " $en)$$("+ '$ $n$(")'!$ $n)e)$($ (* ("!e ne-"+ +*#)*+$ $n ")$ne!e" ('&*#*$ &!'&*

D$n "(e) )"5#e !e$ee "&)*# (" )'")e v"!$"5$#e#e '#'$)e ('n)!$5*$e +"'! #" e2&#$("!e" v"!$"5$#e#'! "!)$$($"#e '5)$n*)e *#)e!$'!>(* e2(e&)$" v"!$"5$#e$ < !e&!e%en)"n !")" e (!e)e!e " PIB-*#*$,$e("!e $n)!e e#e,$n !e),"v"n ' ("n)$)")e e $n'+")$e !e(*&e!")e e &e)e 40? *&" (*+ !e$ee $n ('#'"n" E2)!"()$'nD$n "n"#$%" "(e)*$" e '5e!v" (" v"!$"5$#" 3 "!e ' ('n)!$5*)$e +"'!" #" e2&#$("!e" v"!"5$#e#'! ")$$($"#e ("!e e '5)$n *#)e!$'!C"n)$)")e" e $n'!+")$ve !e(*&e!")e $n "(e")" v"!"5$#" e)e e 077,*!+")" $n "&!'"&e e ";-" v"!$"5$#" ("!e !e(*&e!e"%" 07;< $n $n'!+")$ve,*&" (*+ !e$ee $n ('#'"n" E2)!"()$'n $n )"5e#*# e +"$ * Pen)!* " )"5$#$ n*+"!*# e ('+&'nen) &!$n($&"#e ne(e"!e e '#'e( $n'!+")$$#e $n )"5e#*# Total Varian!e ExplaineT"5e#*# ne 'e!" $n'!+")$$ (* &!$v$!e #" v"#'!$#e &!'&!$$ "#e +")!$(e$ e ('!e#")$e,"! $ $n'!+")$$ !ee!$)'"!e #" ('+&'nen)e#e &!$n($&"#e $ ("n)$)")e" e $n'!+")$e !e)$n*)" e "(e)e"O v"#'"!e &!'&!$e +"$ +"!e e(") 1,&en)!* ' ('+&'nen) ,$n$(" "&)*# (" "(e" ('+&'nen) "!e ' ('n)!$5*)$e +"$ +"!e e(") " *ne$ v"!$"5$#e $n$)$"#e,e($ e)e $n$(") " $ e2)!"" Pen)!* $n(e&*) v'+ "$" $ ")e#e '5)$n*)e (* "*)'!*# &!'!"+*#*$ E#ie+",("!e *n) "(e#e"$ (* (e#e '5)$n*)e $n &!'!"+*# SPSS &en)!* "n"#$%" ('+&'nen)e#'! &!$n($&"#e :

Output in SPSS,

Se '5e!v" (" &en)!* " !e(*&e!" ' ("n)$)")e (") +"$ +"!e e $n'!+")$ve $n ")e#e $n$)$"#e "ve+ nev'$e e '*" ('+&'nen) &!$n($&"#eA(e)e" ('!e&*n v"#'!$#'! &!'&!$$ (e#e +"$ +"!$,v"#'!$ &!'&!$$ &e)e 1,$"! "(e)e v"#'!$ !e&!e%$n)" v"!$"n)e#e ('!e&*n%")'"!e (e#'! '*" ('+&'nen) !e)$n*)e Ce#e '*" v"#'!$ &!'&!$$ !e)$n*)e (* v"#'!$ e &e)e 1,e "#" $n ('#'"n" In$)$"# E$env"#*e $ *n),$n '!$$ne e(!e(")'"!e, 0088 $ 300<7U)$#$%"n '*" ('+&'nen) &!$n($&"#e,("n)$)")e" e $n'!+")$ve )')"# !e(*&e!")e e)e e 8014? $n $n'!+")$" $n)$"#","" (*+ e '5e!v" $n ('#'"n" C*+*#")$ve?D$n)!e (e#e '*" ('+&'nen)e &!$n($&"#e ,&!$+" "('&e!" 0088? $n v"!$"n)" $n"#",$"! " '*" ('+&'nen) 300<7? Pen)!* " )"5$#$ n*+"!*# e ('+&'nen) &!$n($&"#e ne(e"!e e +"$ &'")e '#'$ $ +e)'" !"$("In S!ree Plot ,!"$(*# e(!e)e!$$,e '5e!v" '*" $e!en)e e+n$$(")$ve e n$ve# $n)!e e+en)e#e (e $n$(" !e&!e%en)"!e" !"$(" " v"#'!$#'! &!'&!$$,(ee "(e ne $$(" ne(e$)")e" *n*$ n*+"! e 3 ('+&'nen)e &!$n($&"#e Pe "5($" *n) !e&!e%en)")e e)$(/e)e#e v"#'!$#'! &!'&!$$,$n )$+& (e &e '!'n")" e "#" v"#'!$#e ee()$ve "#e "(e)'!"F'#'$n (!$)e!$"# &"n)e$ $ !e&!e%en)"!e" !"$(" " v"#'!$#'! &!'&!$$ e &'")e e)e!$n" n*+"!*# e ('+&'nen) &!$n($&"#e ne(e"!e !e&!e%en)"!$$ &")$*#*$ $n$)$"#In *!+" $en)$$("!$$ n*+"!*#*$ e $e!en)e e+n$$(")$ve $n)!e v"#'!$#e &!'&!$$ !e&!e%en)")e,e"*&!" *#)$+e$ $e!en)e e+n$$(")$ve $n !e&!e%en)"!e" !"$(" e *(e ' &"!"#e#" #" "5($",$"! n*+"!*# e v"#'!$ &!'&!$$ !"+"e e"*&!" &"!"#e#e$ " n*+"!*# e ('+&'nen)e &!$n($&"#e

Prima !omponenta prin!ipala e)e &*)e!n$( $n#*en)")" e n$ve#*# e2&'!)*#*$ $ $+&'!)*#*$ e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$,"! $ e PIB-*# &e ("& e #'(*$)'!D*&" ' '!'n"!e e(!e(")'"!e e '5e!v" (" &e &!$+*# #'( #" n$ve#*# e2&'!)*#*$ $ $+&'!)*#*$ e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$ e "#" L*2e+5*!,*!+")" e S#'v"($",E)'n$",Be#$",Un"!$" ,$"! (e#e +"$ #"5e *n) F!"n)" $ G!e($"

A oua !omponenta prin!ipala e)e &*)e!n$( $n#*en)")" e Inve)$$D*&" ' '!'n"!e e(!e(")'"!e &e &!$+*# #'( #" n$ve#*# e $nve)$)$$ e "#" Ge!+"n$",$"! &e *#)$+" &'%$)$e e "#" B*#"!$"

Ta)elul Rotate Component $atrix '#'e)e )e/n$(" !')$!$$ "2e#'!,)e/n$(" 6"!$+"2,$ "!e !e&) ('& '5)$ne!e" *n'! ('e$($en)$ e ('!e#")$e (") +"$ +$($ &e *n" $n ('+&'nen)e#e &!$n($&"#eIn ("%*# n')!*+ $n)e!&!e)"!e" e &'")e "(e (* **!$n)" $ &e &!$+" +")!$(e e ('!e#")$e $n)!e v"!$"5$#e#e '!$$n"#e $ ('+&'nen)e#e &!$n($&"#eSe '5e!v" (" &!$n )e/n$(" 6"!$+"2 '5)$ne+ "(ee"$ $n)e!&!e)"!eTe/n$(" 6"!$+"2 !e"#$%e"%" ' !')")$e " "2e#'! $n)$"#e &en)!* " "($#$)" $n)e!&!e)"!e" "()'!$#'! ")e# '5)$n*)$:

Ta)elul Component Tran"*ormation $atrix $n$(" ('!e#")$" ('+&'nen)e#'! $n"$n)e $ *&" !')")$e

Componenta Plot in Rotate Spa!e 'e!" ' !e&!e%en)"!e !"$(" " (e#'! 3 ('+&'nen)e &!$n($&"#eF$e("!e v"!$"5$#" e)e !e&!e%en)")" $n *n()$e e ('!e#")$" (* $e("!e ('+&'nen)E)e *n +' !"$( e " &!e%en)" "(ee"$ $n'!+")$ve (" $n )"5e#*# R')")e C'+&'nen) M")!$2

C'+&'nen)e#e &!$n($&"#e n* *n) "#)(ev" e(") ('+5$n")$$ #$n$"!e "#e v"!$"5$#e#'! '!$$n"#e (* ve!'!$$ n'*#*$ &")$* !e*A(e)$ ve!'!$ *n) ")$ e ve()'!$$ &!'&!$$ ('!e&*n%")'!$ v"#'!$#'! &!'&!$$ +"$ +"!$ e(") 1 Ta)elul Component S!ore Coe**i!ient $atrix !e&!e%$n)" +")!$(e" ve!'!$#'!,('n)$n"n ve()'!$$ &!'&!$$ ('!e&*n%")'!$ v"#'!$#'! &!'&!$$ !e)$n*)eD")e#e *n) $n )"5e#*# e +"$ ':

$atri!ea Component S!ore Co#arian!e $atrix  e+'n)!e"%" "&)*# (" ('v"!$"n)" $n)!e ('+&'nen)e#'! &!$n($&"#e e)e 0,('+&'nen)e#e $$n $n)e!&!e)")e $n *n()$e e v"#'!$ $e!$)e

III.ANALIZA CLUSTER

6'! $ *&*e &!'(e*#*$ e (#*)e!$%"!e )'")e (e#e 30 e )")e,v"!$"5$#e#e &e 5"%" ("!'!" e v" "(e $+&"!)$!e" #'! $n (#"e $$n: • • • • • •

PIB &e ("& e #'(*$)'!= E2&'!) e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$= I+&'!) e 5*n*!$ $ e!v$($$= 6en$) ne) n")$'n"#= R")" e (!e)e!e PIB= Inve)$)$$=

Me)'e#e e "n"#$%" (#*)e! "* (" ('& !*&"!e" $n$v$%$#'!,$en)$$(")$ &!$n)!-' e!$e e "))!$5*)e,$n)!-*n n*+"! (") +"$ !e)!"n e (#"e '+'eneA(e)e +e)'e !e"#$%e"%" ' "n"#$%" #'5"#" " $n$v$%#'! (e *n) )*$")$ &!$n)!-*n n*+"! +"!e e v"!$"5$#e $ $&')e%e (e!*)e +$n$+eA)e# e !e"#$%e"%" (#"e $n "" e# $n(") $n$v$%$$ "&"!)$n"n "(e#e$"$ (#"e " $e (") +"$ "e+"n")'!$ $n)!e e$ &!$n v"!$"5$#e#e #'! $n )$+& (e (#"e#e ('n)$)*$)e " $e (") +"$ $e!$)eC#*)e!*# !e&!e%$n)" ' *5+*#)$+e '!+")" $n '5$e()e ("!e "* &!'&!$e)")e" (" !"*# e $+$#"!$)")e $n)!e '!$("!e '*" '5$e()e "&"!)$n"n (#*)e!*#*$ e)e +"$ +$( e(") !"*# e $$+$#"!$)")e $n)!e '!$(e '5$e() ("!e "&"!)$ne (#*)e!*#*$ $ '!$(e '5$e() ("!e n* "&"!)$ne (#*)e!*#*$ !e&e()$ve Anali'a !la"elor ierari!e e)e ' +e)'" e !*&"!e @$e!"!/$(" $n ("!e $e("!e (#"" e)e $n )')"#$)")e ('n)$n*)" $n "#)" (#""C#"e#e !*&e"%" $n$v$%$ (") +"$ "e+"n")'!$ $n)!e e$ &!$n v"#'!$#e v"!$5$#e#'! #'!,$n )$+& (e (#"e#e ('n)$)*$)e *n) (") +"$ $e!$)e Pen)!* " +"*!" $)"n)" "+ "#e $)"n)" e*(#$$"n" $+&#" (iar metoele pentru !are am optat "unt metoa !elor mai apropiati #e!ini "i metoa lui ar ,&en)!* " e)e!+$n" ("!e $n)!e (e#e '*" *( #" !e%*#)")e +"$ 5*ne $n ("%*# e ")" In "+5e#e ("%*!$ -"* '#'$) v"!$"5$#e )"n"!$%")e,*n$)")e" e +"*!" " v"!$"5$#e#'! $$n $e!$)" D$)"n)" $n)!e '*" (#*)e!e e)e +"*!")" (" $)"n)" $n)!e (e#e +"$ "&!'&$")e '*" '5$e()e $n (e#e '*" (#*)e!eSe 5"%e"%" &e +"2$+$%"!e" !"*#*$ e '+'en$)")e "# (#*)e!*#*$ >+$n$+$%"!e" v"!$"5$#$)")$$ $n)!e (#*)e!$ +"2$+$%"!e" v"!$"5$#$)")$$ $n)e!(#*)e! Re%*#)")e#e "n"#$%e$ (#*)e! *n) $e!$)e $n *n()$e e +e)'" "&#$(")",")e#,*&" (*+ e v" &*)e" '5e!v" $n (e#e '*" en'!"+e &!e(*+ $ $n (/e+e#e e "!e"!e,'!$ne" $n ("!e "!e #'( !*&"!e" '5$e()e#'! e)e $e!$)"

$ETODA CEI $AI APROPIATI VECINI

In &!$+*# &" e !*&e"%" )"!$#e 4 $ 1<>(#*)e! ('+5$ne $n)!e "(e)e" e2$)"n (e" +"$ +$(" $)"n)"A(e)'!" #$ e ""*" $n e)"&" 3>('#'"n" Ne2) S)"e ' n'*" )"!">"(" v" *$)")$ #" &"*# 3 vee)$ (" e !*&e"%" 4 $ 17L'$(" !*&"!$$ e)e "(ee"$ $ &en)!* &"$$ *!+")'!$

Deno/rama,

C#*)e! 1: D"ne+"!(",A*)!$",F$n"#n",C$&!*,F!"n)",I)"#$",Ge!+"n$",P'!)*"#$",Be#$" C#*)e! 3: O#"n",Un"!$",E)'n$",S#'ven$",B*#"!$",R'+"n$",S&"n$",S#'v"($",C!'")$" C#*)e! ;:G!e($" C#*)e! 4:L*2e+5*!

$ETODA LUI ARD Me)'" (e#'! +"$ "&!'&$")$ ve($n$ n* $#*)!e"%" '"!)e (#"! (#*)e!e e )"!$,+')$v &en)!* ("!e +e)'" #*$ "! e)e (e" ("!e v" *!n$%" n*+"!*# e (#*)e!e $n ("!e v'+ $+&"!)$ (e#e 30 e )")eDen'!"+" *e!e"%" *n n*+"! +"!e e !*&eS(/e+" e !*&"!e e)e $e!$)" ")" e (e" $n ("%*# &!e(een)

In &!$+*# &" e !*&e"%" )"!$#e 4 $ 1< ,$"! e)"&" *!+")'"!e e)e (e" $e!$)" $ "n*+e v" $ e)"&" ; *ne e v'! !*&" )"!$#e 4 $ 17

Deno/rama,

C#*)e! 1: D"ne+"!(",A*)!$",F$n#"n",C$&!*,F!"n)",I)"#$",Ge!+"n$",O#"n",P'!)*"#$" C#*)e! 3:Be#$",Un"!$",S#'v"($" C#*)e! ;:G!e($",C!'")$",E)'n$",S#'ven$",B*#"!$",R'+"n$",S&"n$" C#*)e! 4:L*2e+5*!

In ("%*# e ")" +e)'" #*$ "! " * #" '5)$ne!e" *n'! !e%*#)")e +"$ 5*ne,&e!+$)"n ' $e!en)$e!e +"$ (#"" " (#*)e!e#'!F'#'$n &!$n($&$*# +$n$+$%"!$$ v"!$"n)e$ $n ("!*# !*&*!$#'!,$#*)!e"%" +"$ 5$ne &!'$#*# )"!$#'!Pe e "#)" &"!)e,+e)'" (e#'! +"$ "&!'&$")$ ve($n$ *(e *ne'!$ #" ('n)$*)*$!e" e !*&*!$ e)e!'ene,v"!$"n) $n ("!*# !*&*!$#'! &*)"n $n!e$)!" v"#'!$ +"$ !$$(")eIn "n"#$%" e ")",+e)'" #*$ "! *(e #" $%'#"!e" *n*$ $n*! )") L*2e+5*!

IV.ANALIZA DISCRI$INANTA

Anali'a i"!riminanta  "(e &"!)e $n +e)'e#e e !e(*n'")e!e *&e!v$%")" " '!+e#'!In ("!*# "(e)'! +e)'e e (*n'")e n*+"!*# e (#"e $ "&"!)enen)" '!+e#'! $n)!-*n e"n)$'n #" (#"e,$ e *!+"!e)e &!e$()$" "&"!)enen)e$ '!+e#'! $n ""!" e"n)$'n*#*$ #" *n" $n)!e (#"e In "(e) ('& e ('n)!*$e)e *n (#"$($")'!,*n()$e e v"!$"5$#e#e *&" ("!e e "(e (#"$$("!e"In *n()$e e v"#'"!e" "(e)*$" &en)!* $e("!e '5$e() e )"5$#e)e "(" e# "&"!)$ne *ne$ '!+e "* "#)e$" P!$n($&"#" &!'5#e+" ("!e )!e5*$e !e%'#v")" $n ("!*# "n"#$%e$ $(!$+$n"n)e e)e "(ee" " ('n)!*$!$$ (!$)e!$$#'! "* !e*#$#'! e (#"$$("!e,&e 5"%" ("!'!" e &') "(e &!e$()$$ &!$v$n "&"!)enen)" *n'! '!+e n'$,(* "&"!)enen)" $n$)$"#" ne(*n'(*)"C!$)e!$$#e e (#"$$("!e +"$ *n) (*n'(*)e $ *5 n*+e#e e (#"$$(")'!$,$"! e*(e!e" "(e)'! (!$)e!$$ e n*+e)e '!+"!e " (#"$$(")'!*#*$ Pen)!* " e)e!+$n" "n"#$%" $(!$+$n"n)","+ "&#$(") "#'!$)+*# (e#'! -+e$$ ("!e e)e (e# +"$ *)$#$%") "#'!$)+ e &"!)$)$'n"!e 

Anal0"i" Ca"e Pro!e""in/ Summar0 A(e) )"5#e !e%*+" e)*# e ")e e "n"#$%" $n (ee" (e &!$ve)e ("%*!$#e v"#"5$#e $ e2(#*eM')$ve#e &!$n ("!e SPSS "! &*)e" e2(#*e ' '5e!v")$e e "n"#$%" *n) #$)")e "$($,$ *n) &!e%en)")e e n*+"!*# @N $ e &!'(en)*# e ("%*!$ ("!e e $n("!e"%" $n $e("!e (")e'!$eIn "(e) e2e+&#*,)'")e '5e!v")$$#e $n e)*# e ")e *n) v"#"5$#e

1roup Stati"ti!" A(e) )"5#e &!e%$n)" $)!$5*)$" e '5e!v")$$ $n (e#e )!e$ !*&*!$P*)e+ vee" n*+"!*# e '5e!v")$$ (e e $n("!e"%" $n $e("!e $n)!e (e#e '*" !*&*!$In "(e) e2e+&#*,v'+ '#'$ !e*)")e" $+&#$($)" e 1 &en)!* $e("!e '5e!v")$e $n e)*# e ")e,")e# $n(") n*+"!*# &'ne!") e '5e!v")$$ $n $e("!e !*& e)e e"# (* n*+"!*# ne&'ne!") e '5e!v")$$ $n $e("!e !*&

Ei/en #alue  A(e)e" *n) v"#'!$#e &!'&!$$ "#e +")!$(e$ &!'**#*$ $nve!*#*$ $n)!e !*&*!$ $ *+e e &")!")e $ +")!$(e $n)!e &!'*e $ $n)!e !*&*!$ *+e e &")!")e $ +")!$(e" $n$!e()" " &!'**#*$ A(e)e v"#'!$ &!'&!$$ *n) #e")e e ('!e#")$$#e ("n'n$(e $ e(!$e (") e +*#) $(!$+$n"!e" ("&"($)")$$ "!e ' *n()$eM"!$+$#e v"#'!$#'! &!'&!$$ *n) $n'!+")$ve e "5$#$)")$ $(!$+$n")'!$$

il2"3Lam)a e)e ' )")$)$(" +*#)$v"!$")e ("#(*#")e &!$n SPSSIn "(e) e2e+&#*,('!e#")$" ("n'n$(" e)e 074,")e# )e)"!e" $#L"+5" e)e >1- 0,31 3   >1  074 3   0,<3

P!$+*# (#*)e! "!e v"#'"!e" -07;1 ,$"! (e# e-"# '$#e" (#*)e! "!e v"#'"!e" 174S)$+ (" ('!*!$#e *n()$'n"#e "* ' +e$e e #" %e!',$ &*)e+ ve!$$(" "(e) #*(!* *$)"n*-ne #" *+" e !*& (e $ne"+n" *n()$" $n+*#)$)" (* n*+"!*# e ("%*!$ $n $e("!e !*&" : >17-07;1>11740

Stru!ture $atrix  A(e")" e)e )!*()*!" ("n'n$(" " *n()$$#'! $(!$+$n"n)eE" !e&!e%$n)" ('!e#")$$#e $n)!e v"!$"5$#e#e '5e!v")e $ $+en$*n$#e (!e")e (* *n()$$#e $(!$+$n"n)e ne'5e!v"5$#e

Cla""i*i!ation Pro!e""in/ Summar0 A(e) #*(!* e)e $+$#"! (* !e%*+")*# "n"#$%" '"!*#*$ e &!e#*(!"!e In "(e) )"5e# @)!"n'!+")e *n) '5e!v")$$#e ("!e "* ') (#"$$(")e (* *((e &e 5"%" "n"#$%e$ M')$ve#e &en)!* ("!e ' '5e!v")$e n* " ') &!'(e")" *n) $n$(")e "$($ P*)e+ vee" (" $n "(e) e2e+&#*,)'")e '5e!v")$$#e $n e)*# e ")e "* ') (#"$$(")e (* *((e

Prior Pro)a)ilitie" *or 1roup" A(e")" e)e $)!$5*)$" e '5e!v")$$ $n !*&*!$#e *)$#$%")e (" *n &*n() e &#e("!e $n "n"#$%" D$)!$5*)$" $+&#$($) &!e"#"5$#" e)e ' "#'("!e e"#" $n !*&*!$,"" (*+ e vee $n "(e) e2e+&#* SPSS &e!+$)e *)$#$%")'!#'! " &e($$( $e!$)e "n)e(een)e

V.BIBLIO1RA4IE

•

G/e'!/e R*2"n" JJ Analiza Multidimensionala a datelor KK

+++.euro"tat.ro

+++.at".u!la.eu5"tat5"p""5output5SPSS6i"!rim.tm

VI.CONCLUZII

Pe 5"%" "n"#$%e$ ee()*")e "*&!" (e#'! 30 e )"!$ ,$ "*&!" (e#'!  "()'!$ e $n#*en)" "+ &*)*) " ('n(#*%$'n"+ ("!e *n) (e#e +"$ e%v'#)")e )"!$ $ (e ("!"()e!$)$($ "!e $e("!eIn ("!*# "n"#$%e$ ee()*")e &e "(e) e"n)$'n -" &*)*) '5e!v" (" *ne#e v"!$"5$#e e!"* &*)e!n$( ('!!e#")e $n)!e e#e ")e# $n(") n* "*(e"* *n &#* e $n'!+")$ve In ('n(#*%$e,"n"#$%" ('+&'nen)e#'! &!$n($&"#e ne-" &e!+$ " !e"#$%"+ ' $n)e)$%"!e $n'!+")$'n"#" $ " ("!"()e!$%"+ *n $! e '5e!v")$$ A)e#,"+ &*)*) !e"#$%" ('+&"!)$$ $n)!e '5e!v")$$ Me)'e#e e "n"#$%" " ")e#'! ne 'e!)" )e/n$($ '"!)e v"#'!'"e $n ('n)e2)*"# "n"#$%e$ en'+ene#'! '($'-e('n'+$(e "()*"#e,"*)"n #" $+&#$$("!e" +'e#e#'! +")e+")$(e $ )!*()*!$#'! ('+&#e2e (e $n(e"!(" " e)e!+$ne $ " (#"!$$(e !e#")$$#e $n)!e ('+&'nen)e#e "(e)*$ )e+