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El objetivo de este trabajo es la elaboración de un plan de marketing para dentro de dos años de una empresa del sector de la restauración y repostería llamada La Panadería. El objeto de e…Description complète
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H`ydülhk ~lzl ml Ltxkz`hlh J`eli`kelm Ltxùekfl hdm Y`yxdfl Bæhz`ik XH^Y
Dmljkzlhk ~kz? @ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol Jkm`w`l- Ml ^l- Lakyxk hd :><<
N^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL% Lakyxk hd :><< Ltxkz`hlh J`eli`kelm Ltxùekfl hdm Y`yxdfl Bæhz`ik XH^Y Lw% :> hd Kixtjzd ):12: ’ Xdmàgkek 989<809 @ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol Zdy~keyljmd hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe FCX ilzmkylehzlhd~lzdolNplbkk%ikf ilzmkylehzlhd~lzdolNbkxfl`m%ikf Idmtmlz? >>40<&19:<78>4 Ikf~kedexd hd Adyx`ùe @exdazlhl hd Zditzyky B`hzkj`kmùa`iky qqq%lmx&~dztjkm`w`l%kza
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Dyxzlxda`ly l e`wdm gtei`kelm‧‧‧‧‧‧‧%%‧‧‧‧‧%‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ K~dzli`kedy‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧%%‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧% Hdylzzkmmk hd xdiekmkaæl‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧%%‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧% Fdzilhkxdie`l p wdexly‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧%%‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧%% Ljlyxdi`f`dexk‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧%
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^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
<% @exzkhtii`ùe Ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil Mxhl%- gtd gtehlhl dm <9 hd kixtjzd hdm :>>2dyxì tj`ilhl de ml ~z`fdzl ydii`ùe fte`i`~lm hd Ik~liljlel hd ml ~zkw`ei`l hd Fleik Il~li hdm hd~lzxlfdexk hd Ml ^l% Dyxì `exdazlhl ~kz :7 yki`ky d `e`i`k yty k~dzli`kedy ike te gkehk yki`lm hd Jy% :>2-2:>%>> "Hkyi`dexky kibk f`m kibki`dexky wd`exd >>+<>> jkm`w`leky) ~zkhtixk hd mky Idzx`g`ilhky hd L~kzxli`ùe hd ilhl `exdazlexd ike te wlmkz `eh`w`htlm hd Jy% 2->1>%>> "Kibk f`m ydxdexl >>+<>> jkm`w`leky) p dm l~kpk xàie`ik hd ml Ltxkz`hlh J`eli`kelm hdm Mlak X`x`ilil ’ LMX% "Zditzyky btfleky p Gkehk Zkxlxkz`k) Ml ~mlexl ~zkidylhkzl bl zdlm`lhk ~zkhtii`kedy ~`mkxk hd ikeydzwly hd g`mdxd y`e ~`dm de lid`xd p ylm hd xztibl Lzik @z`y- dm ~zkidyk hd yt dmljkzli`ùe dyxìe dy~di`g`ilhky hd litdzhk l mky iz`xdz`ky xàie`iky hd mky gtei`kelz`ky zdy~keyljmdy%
:% F`y`ùe Kgzdidz ikeydzwly ikeydzwly hd g`mdxd y`e ~`dm de lid`xd p ylm hd xztibl itmx`wlhl de dm mlak X`x`ilil- ~lzl mky ikeytf`hkzdy ikeytf`hkzdy mkilmdy- eli`kelmdy d `exdzeli`kelmdy `exdzeli`kelmdy ike ilm`hlh p lazlhljmd yljkz%
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8% Wlmkzdy Ydz izdlx`wky d `eekwlhkzdy% Zdy~dxlz dm fdh`k lfj`dexd% Dyxlz de ~dzfledexd jÿy|tdhl hd ml dridmdei`l% Izdlz wlmkz lazdalhk l ilhl ~zkhtixk% @exdazli`ùe hd mky wlmkzdy leidyxzlmdy% leidyxzlmdy%
4% Kjodx`wky l Kjodx`wk adedzlm Adedzlz tx`m`hlhdy l mky yki`ky hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil Mxhl%
j Kjodx`wky dy~diæg`iky @exzkhti`z dm ~zkhtixk de mky Flizk h`yxz`xky Ikxlbtfl- Idexzk p Ytz hd ml i`thlh hd Ml ^l% Izdlz mdlmxlh lm ~zkhtixk ~kz ~lzxd hd ml ~kjmli`ùe hd ml kel dyxljmdi`hl% Ydz mæhdz hdm fdzilhk l xzlwày hd tel dyxzlxda`l hd ydafdexli`ùe hd fdzilhk%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
7% Leìm`y`y hd mly i`eik gtdzly ikf~dx`x`wly hd F`ibldm ^ kzxdz l Dm ~khdz hd edaki`li`ùe ike mky ~zkwddhkzdy Mky ~zkwddhkzdy ~zkwddhkzdy yke ikey`hdzlhky ikey`hdzlhky ikfk ~dzykely k df~zdyly df~zdyly |td kgzdide kgzdide j`dedy p ydzw`i`ky edidylz`ky ~lzl |td tel kzale`li`ùe ~zkhtil mk |td wdehd% Mky ikeytf`hkzdy dr`ade ~zkhtixky |td kgzdile ilm`hlh te`gkzfd- p ml Ikk~dzlx`wl dyxì kjm`alhl l ikexlz ike flxdz`l ~z`fl d `eytfky hd lmxl ilm`hlh% Ml `f~textlm`hlh de ml dexzdal ~kz ~lzxd hd mky ~zkwddhkzdy- ~tdhd xzldz ikey`ak azlehdy ikyxky l ml Ikk~dzlx`wl `exdzztf~`dehk `exdzztf~`dehk dm ~zkidyk ~zkhtix`wk p ml h`yxz`jti`ùe l x`df~k ~lzl ylx`yglidz ml hdflehl `efdh`lxl% Xde`dehk de itdexl |td ml xztibl Lzik @z`y dy dm ~z`ei`~lm dmdfdexk ~lzl ml dmljkzli`ùe hd mly ikeydzwly- dr`yxd te lmxk ~khdz hd edaki`li`ùe ike mky ~zkwddhkzdy |td ~zkw`ded hd mly ikfte`hlhdy idzilely hd @eil Iblil- dyxky y`dfjzle- izæle p ikydible mly xztibly de oltmly lzxdylelmdy hd 4fx9 p dyxìe de ~zkidyk hd kzale`lzyd% Lhdfìyljlyxdide dm fdzilhk hd Ml ^l p Dm Lmxk ~lzl dm ikeytfk hd glf`m`ly- zdyxltzlexdy p bkxdmdy% De Ml ^l ek dr`yxd te idexzk hd lik~`k ~lzl ~dyilhk- ml wdexl ~kz flpkz yd zdlm`l de mly ilmmdy hd ml i`thlh ikegkzfd l ml mmdalhl hd mly ~lzx`hly% Mky f`ekz`yxly `exdzdylhky zdlm`le mly ikf~zly de ~kily bkzly de mtalzdy dyxljmdi`hky% Dr YL@H ’ Lw% Wìy|td hd ml kel hd ^tzl ^tzl% Fdzilhk Zkhzæatd ’ Lw% _k`mk Gmkzdy hd ml kel hd Yle ^dhzk% _kel Ekzxd ’ Ilmmd Wlmdexæe Elwlzzk de ml kel Dm Xdolz% Dm ~zdi`k hd mky ~zkwddhkzdy dyxì g`olhk ~kz ml kgdzxl p ml hdflehl- de lmateky ilyky `egmtdei`lhky ~kz dm `eazdyk `mdalm hd ~zkhtixky ~zkwde`dexdy ~zkwde`dexdy hdm ^dzÿ |td glwkzdid l ml Ikk~dzlx`wl ~lzl kjxdedz ~zdi`ky jloky% De dyxd ilyk- ml ~z`ei`~lm flxdz`l ~z`fl ek x`ded ytyx`xtxk- p ml ~zkhtii`ùe hd mky ~zkwddhkzdy xdehzæl |td ydz zdatmlz htzlexd xkhk dm x`df~k- mk itlm `f~m`ilzæl te ydz`k z`dyak ~lzl ml dmljkzli`ùe hdm ~zkhtixk ~kz glixkzdy drxdzeky drxdzeky l ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% ^lzl lydatzlz ml ~zkw`y`ùe hd xztibl- ml Ikk~dzlx`wl hdjd `f~mdfdexlz de te fdh`lek ~mlk yty ~zk~`ky iz`lhdzky hd xztibl Lzik @z`y de ml yt~dzg`i`d litìx`il gzdexd l ml ~mlexl ~zkidylhkzl ~lzl ljlzlxlz ikyxky h`zdixky d `eh`zdixky% Kxzky `eytfky- ikfk ml ylm p dm lid`xd itdexle ike h`gdzdexdy ~zkwddhkzdy hd ~zkhtii`ùe eli`kelm d `exdzeli`kelm p mky ~zdi`ky yke g`olhky ~kz mky wkmÿfdedy hd ikf~zl% Mky dewlydy- dx`|tdxly- iloly hd ilzxùe- dxi%- ek zd~zdydexle te lmxk e`wdm hd hd~dehdei`l ~kz|td dr`yxde de dm fdzilhk mkilm p eli`kelm wlz`ky ~zkwddhkzdy de dm |td yd ~tdhd dmda`z ml fdokz p fìy ikewde`dexd ~lzl ml Ikk~dzlx`wl%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Dm ikyxk hd mky ydzw`i`ky- ikfk ml dmdixz`i`hlh l tx`m`lz x`ded te ykmk ~zkwddhkz de ml kel p dm latl ~zkw`ded hd te flelex`lm tj`ilhk de ml ikfte`hlh hd Ylexl Lel y`dehk xzlxlhl ~lzl yt tyk ~kz ml f`yfl ~mlexl% Ml Ikk~dzlx`wl hdjd lydatzlz ml ilm`hlh hd ml flxdz`l ~z`fl- p kgzdidz l mky ~zkhtixkzdy lydykzlf`dexk lydykzlf`dexk xàie`ik ~lzl ml iz`lel p itmx`wk k~x`fk hd xztibly Lzik @z`y%
Lfdell hd Ikf~dx`hkzdy
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Lfdel hd ~zkhtixky ytyx`xtxky
G`atzl Mly gtdzly ikf~dx`x`wly ikf~dx`x`wly hd F% ^kzxdz
j Lfdell hd etdwky ikf~dx`hkzdy De ml lixtlm`hlh- ml ikeydzwl hd xztibl dmljkzlhl ~kz ml Ikk~dzlx`wl dy ÿe`il d `eekwlhkzl de dm fdzilhk mkilm mk itlm alzlex`l te hdylzzkmmk ykyxde`jmd de te ikzxk p fdh`lek ~mlk% De dm ^dzÿ- dr`yxde hky df~zdyly ~z`wlhly |td dmljkzle dm f`yfk ~zkhtixk p dyxìe tj`ilhly de ml Zda`ùe hd ^tek d `eyxlmlhly l kz`mmly hdm mlak X`x`ilil- |t`dedy yd ikew`dzxde de te ydz`k ikf~dx`hkz h`zdixk y` dy |td ml hdflehl izdid de dm fdzilhk mkilm ~zkhtixk hd mly bdzzlf`dexly hd ~zkfki`ùe |td `f~mdfdexlzl ml Ikk~dzlx`wllfdellehk ml ~ky`jmd zdexlj`m`hlh |td yd ~tdhd kjxdedz% De Jkm`w`l- dr`yxd mly `exdei`kedy hd ml Df~zdyl Lthlr hdh`ilhl l ml dmljkzli`ùe hd ~zkhtixky dewlylhky lm wliæk hd `eitzy`kelz p h`wdzy`g`ilz yty ~zkhtixky ~zkhti`dehk ikeydzwly de jlyd l xztibl lzik `z`y de te ikzxk ~mlk% L mlzak ~mlk- yd hdjd mkazlz dikekfæly hd dyilml fìy dg`i`dexdy- lm jlolz ikyxky p ltfdexlz ml ~zkhtii`ùe |td kjm`atd l te ~ky`jmd ikf~dx`hkz l gtxtzk l ikf~dx`z ike ml f`yfl il~li`hlh p ilm`hlh% De dm ilyk hd te ikf~dx`hkz drxzleodzk- mky ikyxky hd xzley~kzxd ydz`le tel wdexlol ikf~dx`x`wl%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Ml h`gdzdei`li`ùe hdm ~zkhtixk p ml izdli`ùe hd flzil dy tel jlzzdhl gtdzxd hd `eazdyk |td ~tdhde ydz lty~`i`lhly ~kz dm Akj`dzek idexzlm ikfk te ~zkhtixk jlehdzl hdm mlak X`x`ilil p ml ~lzx`i`~li`ùe ikfte`xlz`l ~tdhd ~zkxdadz te mlzak x`df~k dm `eazdyk hd ~ky`jmdy ikf~dx`hkzdy% ikf~dx`hkzdy%
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@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
H`gdzdei`li`ùe hdm ~zkhtixk Ml ikeydzwl hd xztibl dy te ~zkhtixk drùx`ik p yt yljkz h`gdzdei`l lm ~zkhtixk hdexzk hdm fdzilhk hd ikeydzwly p ljzd etdwky ydafdexky hd ikeytf`hkzdy% Adedzlz tel flzil |td `hdex`g`|td lm ~zkhtixk xdehzæl ikfk ikeyditdei`l mdlmxlh dexzd mky ikeytf`hkzdy p ml Ikk~dzlx`wl ydzì ~dzi`j`hl ikfk ml ÿe`il df~zdyl eli`kelm kz`dexlhl p hdh`ilhl l ml dmljkzli`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hdm mlak X`x`ilil de Jkm`w`l%
Zd|tdz`f`dexky hd il~`xlm Mtdak hd ml ~dedxzli`ùe d `exzkhtii`ùe hdm ~zkhtixk de dm fdzilhk hd mky Flizk h`yxz`xky dyxljmdi`hky yd zd|tdz`zì hd `f~kzxlexdy ilex`hlhdy hd zditzyky ~lzl zdlm`lz ml zà~m`il de kxzky ~kxdei`lmdy e`ibky hd ml i`thlh hd ml ^l p l e`wdm eli`kelm% Dyxl jlzzdhl yd ~tdhd zdhti`z ike ml il~`xlm`li`ùe hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl l g`e hd `ewdzx`z xkhly mly ~ky`jmdy tx`m`hlhdy de ml dr~ley`ùe hdm fdzilhk hdg`e`hk% De itlexk l ml flxdz`l ~z`fl ~z`ei`~lm "xztibl Lzik @z`y)- ~lzl zdhti`z mky ikyxky hd xzley~kzxd p mky z`dyaky hd hdyljlyxdi`f`dexk hd mky ~zkhtixkzdy idzileky yd `f~mdfdexlzæl `f~mdfdexlzæl iz`lhdzky ~zk~`ky%
Liidyk l mky ilelmdy hd h`yxz`jti`ùe De mly kely dyxljmdi`hly yd h`yxz`jt`zì de gkzfl h`zdixl y`e `exdzfdh`lz`ky l mly x`dehly hd jlzz`k p yt~dzfdzilhky- l~kplhky hd flxdz`lm ~tjm`i`xlz`k ~lzl `eidex`wlz ml ikf~zl- lhdfìy hd mky dy~li`ky lj`dzxky ikfk mly gdz`ly mkilmdy t kxzky dwdexky hd ikeitzzdei`l ikeitzzdei`l fly`wl%
a Jlzzdhly hd ylm`hl @ewdzy`ùe Dm il~`xlm `ewdzx`hk de te hdxdzf`elhk df~zdeh`f`dexk ~tdhd ikeyx`xt`zyd de tel jlzzdhl hd ylm`hl y` dyxl dy hdfly`lhk ikey`hdzljmd% De dm ilyk ~lzx`itmlz hd mly ikeydzwly hd xztibl- ml `ewdzy`ùe zdlm`lhl de `egzldyxztixtzl- fl|t`elz`l p d|t`~k zd~zdydexl te ikyxk pl dgdixtlhk p lm ek ydz hd tyk `ehtyxz`lm dy h`gæi`m wdehdzmky p zdit~dzlz ml `ewdzy`ùe zdlm`lhl% Ml flxdz`l ~z`fl dy kxzl jlzzdhl hd ylm`hl de ilyk |td dr`yxle ~zdw`ky ikexzlxky hd ljlyxdi`f`dexk ljlyxdi`f`dexk h`lz`k p ykyxde`jmd%
Ly~dixky mdalmdy Mky glixkzdy mdalmdy yd ~tdhde ikeyx`xt`z kxzl jlzzdhl hd ylm`hl y`df~zd p itlehk ml Ikk~dzlx`wl ek xdeal il~li`hlh hd itf~m`z ike yty hdthly ikexzlæhly ike mky ~zkwddhkzdy- dyxly hdthly ~tdhde xdedz ikfk lizddhkzdy l mky jleiky de dm ilyk
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
hd l~lmleilf`dexk g`elei`dzk k l mky ~zk~`ky df~mdlhky itlehk yd xzlxl hd jdedg`i`ky yki`lmdy d `ehdfe`li`kedy% `ehdfe`li`kedy% Ml ekzflx`wl lfj`dexlm ek ikeyx`xtpd tel jlzzdhl- hdj`hk l |td dm ~zkhtixk zdytmxlexd ek ikexlf`el- dy fly `eidex`wl p glwkzdid ~lzl ml dr~mkxli`ùe hdm dy~li`k gæy`ik hd mly latly hdm mlak X`x`ilil p dm hdylzzkmmk hd ~kmky ~zkhtix`wky de ml kel lmx`~mìe`il%
1% Flizk Lfj`dexd l Flizk dikeùf`ik Dm Dyxlhk ^mtz`eli`kelm hd Jkm`w`l dy te ~læy de wæly hd hdylzzkmmk p dikeùf`ilfdexd hd~deh`dexd hdm zdyxk hdm ftehk- mky ilfj`ky ~kmæx`iky hd mky ÿmx`fky lüky jtyil zdit~dzlz ml ykjdzleæl hdm fledok hd yty `f~kzxlexdy zditzyky elxtzlmdy% Htzlexd ml adyx`ùe hdm :>>2 dm ^zkhtixk @exdzek Jztxk "^@J) zda`yxzk te izdi`f`dexk hd 7%<4$zdy~dixk lm :>>1% De ml lix`w`hlh dikeùf`il hd Lazk~ditlz`l- ^ditlz`l- Y`mw`itmxtzl- Ill p ^dyil gtd hd :%7<$- ydaÿe hlxky hdm @eyx`xtxk Eli`kelm hd Dyxlhæyx`il "@ED)% Dm izdi`f`dexk yd hdj`ù lm ydixkz b`hzkilzjtzky- |td ikfk xkhky ikekidfky ek adedzl dm izdi`f`dexk hdm df~mdk ~kz ek dyxlz ikedixlhk l mky kxzky ydixkzdy hd ml dikekfæl% De ikexzlyxd- dm hdydf~dük hd mky ydixkzdy adedzlhkzdy hd df~mdk- ikfk ml ikeyxztii`ùeikeyxztii`ùe- dm ikfdzi`k p ml `ehtyxz`l fletglixtzdzl fletglixtzdzl gtd zdmlx`wlfdexd zdmlx`wlfdexd jlok% Zdy`hdei`lm p ikfdzi`lm- dy ml ilzlixdzæyx`il hd mly kely dyxljmdi`hly- de yt dy~li`k gæy`ik yd deitdexzl azle ilex`hlh hd kzale`yfky dyxlxlmdy- f`y`kedy h`~mkfìx`ilyh`yxz`jt`hkzly fdh`i`elmdy p kzale`yfky ek atjdzelfdexlmdy- |t`dedy de yt flpkzæl kit~le flek hd kjzl hd kxzly kely%
j Xdiekmkaæl ^lzl Jkm`w`l dm liidyk hd xdiekmkaæl hd ~texl dy h`gæi`m ~kz ml fdh`xdzzled`hlh p mky ikyxky de dm fdzilhk `exdzeli`kelm- ml glmxl hd `ehtyxz`ly ikf~dx`x`wly |td ek itdexle ike mky ÿmx`fky lwleidy xdiekmùa`iky ikegmtpde de te ydixkz `ehtyxz`lm hàj`m p hdg`i`dexd% Ml idzileæl ike dm ^dzÿ- ~dzf`xd l xzlwày hd ikewde`ky l zdlm`lz xzlygdzdei`ly xdiekmùa`ily p ”cekq bkq‖ de ml dy~di`lm`li`ùe hd ml `ehtyxz`l xztib`ikml ikeydzwdzl3 pl |td ble mkazlhk `f~kzxlexdy dr~kzxli`kedy l kxzky ~læydy%
i Yki`lm Ml flpkz ~lzxd hd ml ~kjmli`ùe hd Jkm`w`l dy ztzlm- mly imlydy yki`lmdy dyxìe hdg`e`hly p yke ekxkz`ly ~kz yty dyx`mky hd w`hl% Ml flpkzæl hd dyxl ~kjmli`ùe w`wd de ~kjzdl "42%7$)- ~dzi`jd ~dzi`jd `eazdyky fdekzdy l ( :%>> h`lz`k% Yke glf`m`ly etfdzkyly- ytdmde xdedz wlz`ky b`oky |td mdy y`zwd hd flek hd kjzl azlxt`xl de dm ilf~k p kxzly mljkzdy%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
De mly kely dyxljmdi`hly- ~zdhkf`el ml imlyd fdh`l ike bìj`xky hd ikeytfk dr`adexdfkhdzlhk p ydmdix`wk- yke ftp ydey`jmdy lm ~zdi`k- y`e dfjlzak yt h`y~ke`j`m`hlh hd ikf~zlz ikeydzwly hd xztibl yd `eizdfdexlzì hd litdzhk l ml ilm`hlh%
h Hdfkazìg`iky L~zkr`flhlfdexd dm 84$ hd ml ~kjmli`ùe hdm Dyxlhk ^mtz`eli`kelm hd Jkm`w`l ml ikf~kede mky `ehæadely- dm 9<$ fdyx`ky p dm :8$ jmleiky- dm 42$ w`wd de mly kely tzjleky% Dm ÿmx`fk ideyk hdm :>><- Jkm`w`l itdexl ike 2‐:18-9:4 blj`xlexdy- 8‐<4>-814 yke ftodzdy "4>%<7$) p 8‐<:9-24> yke bkfjzdy "80%28$)- ml xlyl letlm hd izdi`f`dexk `exdz
ideylm dy hd :%18$% De dm Flizk h`yxz`xk Ikxlbtfl dr`yxde <49-744 blj`xlexdy- ikeidexzlhky de mly kely hd Yk~kilib`- Iz`yxk Zdp- Yle Mt`y- Mmkodxl p Yle ^dhzk3 dm Flizk h`yxz`xk Idexzk yd tj`ile ml kel hd F`zlgmkzdy p Yle Okzad ike 78-:1: blj`xlexdy3 p <:1-::2 blj`xlexdy de dm Flizk h`yxz`xk Ytz |td lazt~l l mly kely hd flpkz ~khdz lh|t`y`x`wk ikfk Libtfle`- KjzlodyIlml Ikxk- Yle F`atdm- @z~lw`- Ibly|t`~lf~l p Flmmlyl- dexzd kxzly% Dm xkxlm hdm fdzilhk dyxljmdi`hk lyi`dehd l 984-<44 blj`xlexdy% "Gtdexd? Kg`i`lmæl Flpkz hd Adyx`ùe Xdzz`xkz`lm hdm Akj`dzek Fte`i`~lm Fte`i`~lm hd Ml ^l ’ Lxmly hd Ml ^l ’ :>>7)%
d Mdalm Dm ~læy w`ded zdlm`lehk etdwky ilfj`ky |td ~dzf`xle ml ~lzx`i`~li`ùe hd mky ydixkzdy drimt`hky p flza`elhky htzlexd ml yt~zdfliæl hdm w`dok dyxlhk- yt mda`ymli`ùe yd jlyl de ml Etdwl Ikeyx`xti`ùe ^kmæx`il hdm Dyxlhk ^mtz`eli`kelm hd Jkm`w`l- ^z`fdzl ^lzxd Dyxztixtzl p Kzale`li`ùe Kzale`li`ùe Dikeùf`il hdm Dyxlhk3 dy~di`g`ilhk de ml Mdp hd ml Zdwkmti`ùe ^zkhtix`wl Ikfte`xlz`l Lazk~ditlz`l hd ml adyx`ùe hdm ^zdy`hdexd Dwk Fkzlmdy Lpfl% Ml etdwl w`y`ùe hdm dyxlhk jkm`w`lek deilzlzl te y`yxdfl ~zkhtix`wk de mly kely lmx`~mìe`ily- de ml lixtlm`hlh dm y`yxdfl ikfdzi`lm dy zdatmlhk ~kz dm Iùh`ak hd Ikfdzi`k p kxzky kzale`yfky |td yd deilzale hdm gtei`kelf`dexk- ikeyx`xti`ùe- lzj`xzlodywdz`g`ili`ùe hd ~zkhtixky- ~lxdexdy~lxdexdy- dxi% "Lmilmhæly- Akjdzeli`kedyAkjdzeli`kedy- Lhtlely- @f~tdyxky @exdzeky- Gtehdf~zdyl- Ydelyla- @jekzil- Iìflzly hd Ikfdzi`k- IL@EIK- dxi%)
2% Leìm`y`y GKHL l Gkzxlmdly H`y~ke`j`m`hlh hdm ìzdl litìx`il de dm mlak X`x`ilil% Ikeh`i`kedy im`fìx`ily im`fìx`ily p ilm`hlh hd latly ~lzl ml ~zkhtii`ùe H`y~ke`j`m`hlh hd fl|t`elz`l p d|t`~k ~lzl ml ~zkhtii`ùe% ^zkhtixk `eekwlhkz p h`gdzdei`lhk% L~kpk xàie`ik ~zkgdy`kelm hd kzale`yfk j`eli`kelm% Adedzli`ùe hd ~tdyxky hd xzljlok% Dr`yxdei`l hd fdzilhk mkilm- eli`kelm d `exdzeli`kelm%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
j K~kzxte`hlhdy Hdflehl hd ~zkhtixky de mly kely dyxljmdi`hly% @eizdfdexk hd ikeytf`hkzdy hd ikeydzwly% Flpkz ikeytfk hd ~zkhtixky dikmùa`iky% Dr`yxdei`l hd gdz`ly mkilmdy de mky Flizk h`yxz`xky% Ydafdexky wæzadedy p kxzky hdylxdeh`hky%
i Hdj`m`hlhdy Dyilydy hd ~zkwddhkzdy hd flxdz`l ~z`fl% Hàj`m liidyky l ydzw`i`ky g`elei`dzky% @edr`yxdei`l hd lm`lely ike ~zkwddhkzdy% Dyill itmxtzl df~zdehdhkzl% df~zdehdhkzl% Hàj`m liidyk l `egkzfli`ùe `egkzfli`ùe xàie`il ikfdzi`lm% @ei`~`dexdy ilelmdy hd h`yxz`jti`ùe h`zdixl% Dyilydy hd l~kpk atjdzelfdexlm% atjdzelfdexlm%
h Lfdelly Ikfdzi`k `egkzflm hd ml xztibl% ^zkhtii`ùe `ei`dzxl hd xztibl Lzik @z`y% Ltfdexk hd ikeytf`hkzdy hd xztibl gzdyil% Dyilydy hd bìj`xky hd ikeytfk hd ikeydzwl hd xztibl% Lmxly dr`adei`ly hd ilm`hlh% Fdzilhky `eylx`ygdibky de kely y`f`mlzdy% Dr`yxdei`l hd wlz`dhlh hd ikeydzwly hd ~dyilhk hd flz% Glmxl hd ydey`j`m`li`ùe ykjzd ml dr~mkxli`ùe p tyk hd mky zditzyky ~dy|tdzky%
0% Dyxzlxda`ly l Dyxzlxda`ly l e`wdm gtei`kelm K~dzli`kedy Ml flxdz`l ~z`fl ~z`ei`~lm ydzì zdw`ylhl f`eti`kylfdexd f`eti`kylfdexd ~lzl alzlex`lz yt ilm`hlhp mk hdjd zdlm`lz dm ~dzykelm il~li`xlhk l ilzak hdm ìzdl hd ^zkhtii`ùe%
Hdylzzkmmk hd xdiekmkaæl Ml ~zkhtii`ùe yd zdlm`lzì hd litdzhk lm ~zkidyk dyxljmdi`hkdyxljmdi`hk- k~x`f`lehk dm tyk hd ml fl|t`elz`l p d|t`~k ike te dg`i`dexd fledok hd x`df~ky hd mky zditzyky btfleky%
Fdzilhkxdie`l p wdexly
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
De dm fdzilhk hdg`e`hk yd zdlm`lzìe h`gdzdexdy lii`kedy hd flzcdx`ea tx`m`lehk mly bdzzlf`dexly fìy dg`ilidy ~lzl te fdzilhk ~`mkxk% ^kz ydz te fdzilhk e`ibk- dm ^mle hd Fdh`ky dyxlzæl ytodxk lm eÿfdzk hd ydzw`i`ky ikfte`ili`kelmdy de ml kel% Hdatyxli`ùe de idexzky hd lmxl ikeitzzdei`l hd ikeytf`hkzdy% @f~zdy`ùe hd lg`ibdy ~lzl mly x`dehly hd jlzz`k% @f~zdy`ùe hd wkmlexdy fly`wky tx`m`xlz`ky ~lzl yt~dzfdzilhky yt~dzfdzilhky p kxzky% Letei`ky ~dz`ùh`iky de mly zdw`yxly k jkmdx`edy mkilmdy% "F` jlzz`k Yk~kilib`F`zlgmkzdy- W@^- _kel Ytz- dxi%)% ^lzx`i`~li`ùe de gdz`ly kelmdy hd mky Flizk h`yxz`xky% ^lzx`i`~li`ùe ^lzx`i`~li`ùe de gdz`ly l ml @ewdzyl hdm doàzi`xk jkm`w`lek p fte`i`~`k mkilm% Dmljkzli`ùe p h`ydük hd zdidxlz`k ~lzl dm tyk hd ml ikeydzwl% Dmljkzlz ml jlyd hd im`dexdy h`zdixky "x`dehly hd jlzz`k p yt~dzfdzilhky)% Adedzlz kgdzxly de gdyx`w`hlhdy "ikfjky- ~lic- dxi%)% ^zdydexli`kedy ^zdydexli`kedy de fdh`ky xdmdw`y`wky p zlh`lmdy% Izdli`ùe hd ~ìa`el qdj%
Ljlyxdi`f`dexk Ml flxdz`l ~z`fl ydzì lik~`lhl hd mky ~zkhtixkzdy mkilmdy p+k ~dztleky fìy idzileky ~lzl ljlzlxlz ikyxky hd xzley~kzxd3 dyxljmdi`dehk ikexzlxky ~lzl alzlex`lz dm ~zdi`k- ~mlky- ilm`hlh- ~textlm`hlh de ml dexzdal p hkxli`ùe ~dzfledexd%
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<% :% 9% 8% 4% 7% 1% 2% 0%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
< Adzdexd Adedzlm < Adzdexd hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe% < Adzdexd hd ^zkhtii`ùe% < Adzdexd hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe% < Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl% < Deilzalhk hd Ikexlj`m`hlh% < Deilzalhk hd Xdykzdzæl% < Ydizdxlz`l% 2 K~dzlz`ky hd ~zkidyk% ^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
<>% < Atlzh`ìe% ^lzl ml `f~mlexli`ùe d `f~mdfdexli`ùe hdm ^mle hd FCX- dm ~dzykelm xàie`ik ilm`g`ilhk ydzì ~zk~kzi`kelhk ~kz ml Ltxkz`hlh J`eli`kelm hdm Mlak X`x`ilil ’ LMX ~lzl mly ìzdly hd ~zkhtii`ùe p ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe% ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe%
j Dyxzlxda`ly l e`wdm hd edaki`ky Dyxzlxda`l hd ydafdexli`ùe hd fdzilhk Te ydafdexk hdm fdzilhk dy te azt~k hd ikeytf`hkzdy |td ikf~lzxde edidy`hlhdy p hdydky y`f`mlzdy `eh`il ^b`m`~ Ckxmdz- de ml ~mledli`ùe dyxzlxàa`il yd bl hdg`e`hk mky Flizk h`yxz`xky hd Ikxlbtfl- Idexzk p Ytz ikfk ~z`fdzl glyd hd `exzkhtii`ùe dr~dz`fdexlm3 jlylhky de dm ~dzg`m hd im`dexd ~kxdei`lm l |t`dedy yd h`z`a`zì dm ~zkhtixk hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl%
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h Dyxzlxda`l hd h`gdzdei`li`ùe Ml ikeydzwl hd xztibl dy ÿe`il de dm fdzilhk mkilm- ml h`gdzdei`li`ùe yd jlyl de ml ilm`hlh elxtzlm hd ml flxdz`l ~z`fl- yt yljkz- yt tx`m`hlh de ml alyxzkekfæl p dm ikexde`hk hd Kfdal 9 p 7 |td jdedg`i`l l ml ylmth- lhdfìy hd ydz te ~zkhtixk `eekwlhkz de dm fdzilhk mkilm% Ly`f`yfk- ml ~zdydexli`ùe de dewlyd fdxìm`ik ike y`yxdfl ljzd gìi`m- dx`|tdxlhk p dewlylhk ydzì ml gùzftml gùzftml ~lzl ikeykm`hlz ikeykm`hlz ml h`gdzdei`li`ùe% h`gdzdei`li`ùe% De dm etdwk etdwk h`ydük- yd `eimt`zì ml `egkzfli`ùe etxz`i`kelm p dm iùh`ak hd jlzzly- lhdfìy hd gdibl hd wdei`f`dexk wdei`f`dexk p mkxd hd ~zkhtii`ùe hd litdzhk l ml ekzflx`w`hlh hdm ~læy%
Mky dmdfdexky hd ml dx`|tdxl ~zk~tdyxl
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
De dm hdylzzkmmk hd mly dexzdw`yxly zdlm`lhly- p l g`e hd hdxdzf`elz mky dmdfdexky fìy zdylmxlexdy hd te ~zkhtixk de jlyd l ml xztibl yd hdg`e`ù ml y`mtdxl hdm mlak X`x`ilil p mky ikmkzdy de gtei`ùe l mky ikeid~xky hd tyk jìy`ik ~lzl ~zkhtixky lm`fdexlz`ky- zdylmxlehk mky mkf`xky hd xztibl ikfk `flade ~z`ei`~lm hd ydhtii`ùe lm ikf~zlhkz%
G`atzl :? Y`mtdxl hdm mlak X`x`ilil
l% Ml y`mtdxl hdm mlak X`x`ilil? zd~zdydexl dm zditzyk bæhz`ik hkehd yd ~zkhtid ml flxdz`l ~z`fl p dyxì m`alhk ikfk tel zd~zdydexli`ùe eli`kelm- yt tj`ili`ùe ydzì dexzd ikzxlhl- de ikmkz idmdyxd gty`kelhk ike dm jmleik de hdazlhd p ikexkzek m`edlm fìy `exdeyk%
j% @flade hd g`mdxd hd xztibl? zd~zdydexl ml ilm`hlh hdm ~zkhtixk p yt ~zdydexli`ùe g`elm- ydzì tj`ilhl de dm mlhk hdzdibk hd ml flzil%
G`atzl 9? G`mdxdy hd xztibl
i% Ikmkzdy? jtyile bkfkade`lz tel `flade ~lzl ykyxdedz ml flzil de mky ikeytf`hkzdy- ilzlixdzæyx`il |td ~ky`i`kel% Idmdyxd? zd~zdydexl mly aàm`hly latly hd X`x`ilil p x`ded zdmli`ùe h`zdixl ike mky ~zkhtixky itpk ~z`ei`~lm `eazdh`dexd dy le`flm litìx`ik- yd tj`ilzì de ml ~lzxd `egdz`kz hd ml dx`|tdxl% Dyxl tj`ili`ùe hd ikmkz ydzì tx`m`lhl ~lzl h`gdzdei`lz ml wlz`dhlh hdm ~zkhtixk- adedzlehk tel `flade bkfkaàedl de xkhky% Lflz`mmk? zd~zdydexl zd~zdydexl dm ykm hd mky lehdy p zdmli`ùe itmxtzlm itmxtzlm ike ml itmxtzl l`flzl- ydzì tel mæedl |td yd~lzd mky dy~li`ky%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Jmleik? zd~zdydexl ml xzley~lzdei`l p ml `eekwli`ùe hdm ~zkhtixkdydei`lm ~lzl |td ml flzil zdylmxd- itjz`zì dm gkehk hd ml dx`|tdxl%
Idmdyxd iìm`hk Lflz`mmk kzk Jmleik G`atzl 8? X`~ky hd ikmkzdy hd dx`|tdxl
h% Ml flzil? de ml `ewdyx`ali`ùe zdlm`lhl- yd hdxdzf`ek |td dm 04$ hd mky deitdyxlhky ikekiæle ml xztibl- ~kz xlm zlùe yd hdjd hlz àegly`y de tx`m`lz ml ~lmljzl ikfk flzil% Ml ~zk~tdyxl hdjd ydz de flpÿyitmly ~lzl hlzmd ltxkz`hlh l ml flzil- de x`~k hd mdxzl ” Jdzmæe Yley GJ‖- hd ikmkz zkok p ikexkzek m`edlm lflz`mmk kzk hd >%4% Dyxl ydzì tj`ilhl de ml ~lzxd idexzlm hd ml dx`|tdxl ykjzd gkehk jmleik%
G`atzl 4? Mkak hd flzil
De dm f`yfk x`~k hd mdxzl- ml gzlyd? ”Hdm mlak X`x`ilil‖ ~lzl adedzlz ml
lxdei`ùe hdm ikeytf`hkz- de ikmkz wdzhd p ykfjzl lflz`mmk kzk% Ydzl tj`ilhl de ml ~lzxd yt~dz`kz hd ml flzil ~lzl hlzmd ydex`hk l ml mdixtzl%
G`atzl 7? Xdrxk hd dx`|tdxl "Kz`ade)
Ml gzlyd ”G`mdxd y`e ~`dm de lid`xd p ylm‖ de dm f`yfk x`~k hd mdxzl de ikmkz
ltm p ykfjzl lflz`mmk kzk ~lzl h`yx`eat`z ml ilzlixdzæyx`il hdm ~zkhtixk p tj`ilhl de ml ~lzxd yt~dz`kz hd ml flzil%
G`atzl 1? Xdrxk hd ilzlixdzæyx`il hd ~zkhtixk
Dm x`~k hd mdxzl ~lzl xdrxky de ml dx`|tdxl yd tx`m`lzì Ilm`jz`- p wlz`lzl hd xlflük de gtei`ùe lm dy~li`k% De mlhk idexzlm `|t`dzhk- ykjzd dm gkehk jmleik yd zda`yxzlzì ml `egkzfli`ùe etxz`i`kelm p dm iùh`ak hd jlzzly3 p de dm ydixkz `egdz`kz ml ltxkz`li`ùe yle`xlz`l p kxzly `eh`ili`kedy `eh`ili`kedy |td dr`ad dr`ad dm dyxlhk ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe hd ~zkhtixky fletglixtzlhky% fletglixtzlhky%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
De dm mlhk `|t`dzhk`|t`dzhk- de ily`mmdzky ike gkehk idmdyxd p ikexkzek lflz`mmk kzk ykjzd dm ikmkz jmleik yd zda`yxzlzì ml `egkzfli`ùe etxz`i`kelm d `eazdh`dexdy% Ml gdibl hd wdei`f`dexk ydzì ikmkilhl de ml ~lzxd yt~dz`kz hdm dewlyd ~lzl fdokz ikeg`lj`m`hlh hd mky ikeytf`hkzdy de yx`cdz%
G`atzl 2? Ikf~ky`i`ùe g`elm hd dx`|tdxl
Ml h`gdzdei`li`ùe ~zk~kzi`kel ~zk~kzi`kel tel jlzzdhl ikexzl mky ~ky`jmdy ikf~dx`hkzdy- hdj`hk hdj`hk l ml mdlmxlh hd mky im`dexdy l ml flzil p l ml fdekz ydey`j`m`hlh hdm ~zdi`k g`elm% Kxzl h`gdzdei`li`ùe `f~kzxlexd yd tj`il de ml ilhdel hd wlmkz |td dm ~zdydexd ^mle bl `hdex`g`ilhk ~lzl adedzlz fìy wlmkz ~lzl mky im`dexdy% ^lzl hdylzzkmmlz ml dyxzlxda`l dyxzlxda`l hd h`gdzdei`li`ùe h`gdzdei`li`ùe yd itf~m`zì ike mky y`at`dexdy zd|t`y`xky? zd|t`y`xky? Gtdzxd blj`m`hlh de ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe% @eade`dzæl hdm ~zkhtixk% Zd~txli`ùe df~zdylz`lm hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Xdiekmkaæl hd ilm`hlh% Dr`yxde i`dzxky z`dyaky |td ml Ikk~dzlx`wl hdjd ~zdwdz? Hdil`f`dexk hd ml edidy`hlh hdm ikf~zlhkz ~kz dm glixkz h`gdzdei`lhk |td kitzzd itlehk dyxky yd wtdmwde ykg`yx`ilhky% Ml `f`xli`ùe m`f`xl ml h`gdzdei`li`ùe h`gdzdei`li`ùe ~dzi`j`hl% H`gdzdei`lm hd ikyxk dexzd ikf~dxdei`l p df~zdyl h`gdzdei`lhl |td adedzd lbkzzky l mky ikf~zlhkzdy% ikf~zlhkzdy% Ly`f`yfk- ml `flade hdm ~zkhtixk dr~zdylhl de ml dx`|tdxl hdjdzì ydz `eekwlhl ydfdyxzlmfdexd flexde`dehk ml flzil ~lzl lxzldz etdwky ydafdexky hd im`dexdy p zdgkzlz dm `exdzày hdm ikeytf`hkz ~dzfledexd%
d Glyd hd `exzkhtii`ùe p wdexlol hdm ~`kedzk De dyxl glyd- mly tx`m`hlhdy ydzìe jloly de dm ~z`fdz ydfdyxzd p dyxì ikeh`i`kelhl lm à~kil hd mlelf`dexk ikfdzi`lm- ~kz ydz te ~zkhtixk hd ikeytfk fly`wk- glf`m`lz p elxtzlm zdmli`kelhk ike dm ~kxdei`lm im`dexd "lfl hd ilyl)- ml à~kil fìy l~zk~`lhl ~lzl yt ~zdydexli`ùe kg`i`lm ydzì tel gdibl ikefdfkzlx`wl lm aàedzk gdfde`ek "hæl hd ml flhzd- hd ml ftodzftodz- dxi%) k hd lmxk ikeytfk ikeytfk hd ikeydzwly "ydflel ylexl) l g`e hd iltylz ml hdj`hl lxdei`ùe p alzlex`lz ml h`yxz`jti`ùe de mky ~texky hd wdexl% Ikey`hdzlehk ikfk k~i`ùe kxzl gdibl ike ml ~zdydei`l hd ltxkz`hlhdy eli`kelmdy%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
g Itlhzk hd flehk `exdazlm Dy ml zd~zdydexli`ùe de tel dyxztixtzl ikbdzdexd l xzlwày hd kjodx`wky imlzlfdexd deilhdelhky dexzd yæ- fdh`hky ike `eh`ilhkzdy hd hdydf~dük- ytodxky lm mkazk hd fdxly hdxdzf`elhky p zdy~lmhlhky ~kz te ikeotexk hd `e`i`lx`wly% Ml Ikk~dzlx`wl hdjd jtyilz ml tx`m`hlh dikeùf`il l xzlwày hd ml y`at`dexd yditdei`l? ^dzy~dix`wly ^dzy~dix`wly g`elei`dzly ^dzy~dix`wly hd im`dexdy ^dzy~dix`wly ^dzy~dix`wly hd ~zkidyky `exdzeky ^dzy~dix`wly hd l~zdeh`lod p izdi`f`dexk
Wlz`ljmd
Kjodx`wk dyxzlxàa`ik
@eh`ilhkz
^mle hd lii`ùe
Fdxl
Zdy~keyljmd
^ky`i`kelf`dexk Dyxljmdidz ilelmdy hd h`yxz`jti`ùe
Im`dexd
Adedzlz ikeg`lel p g`hdm`hlh de dm im`dexd
@f~mdfdexlz jlyd hd hlxky
@exzkhti`z p ikeykm`hlz dm ~zkhtixk de dm fdzilhk dr~dz`fdexlm
^mle`g`ili`ùe Dyxzlxàa`il hd fdzilhk
Adzdei`l hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe
^zk~kzi`kelz flxdz`lm ^K^
Flpkz zdexlj`m`hlh
G`elely
Flr`f`lz dm wlmkz hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl de dm fdzilhk
Flpkz ikf~dx`x`w`hlh de dm fdzilhk M`|t`hd hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl
Y`yxdfl dgdix`wk de dm ~zkidyk hd ~zkhtii`ùe
^zkidyky `exdzeky
Fdokzlz mky ~zkidyky ~zkhtix`wky
Dg`i`dei`l de dm ~zkidyk ~zkhtix`wk Itjz`z dr~dixlx`wly hdm fdzilhk
Adedzlz tx`m`hlhdy Fdokzlz ml dyxztixtzl hd ikyxky K~x`f`lz dm tyk hd lix`wky
Dw`xlz itdmmky hd jkxdmml de dm ~zkidyk ~zkhtix`wk @f~mdfdexlz y`yxdfly hd ikexzkm hd ilm`hlh
Adyx`ùe Dikeùf`il G`elei`dzl p izdli`ùe hd bdzzlf`dexly lhf`e`yxzlx`wly
^mle`g`ili`ùe K~dzlx`wlfletlmdy p lhf`e`yxzli`ùe ~kz kjodx`wky
Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl
Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe
F`e`f`lz mky x`df~ky p z`dyaky
Dg`i`dei`l de mky ~zkidyky
L~zdeh`lod p izdi`f`dexk
Hdylzzkmmlz blj`m`hlhdy p il~li`hlhdy hd mky zditzyky btfleky
Mkazlz flxdz`l ~z`fl hd ilm`hlh
Lh`dyxzlf`dexk hdm ~dzykelm
^mle`g`ili`ùe hd ZZBB- ~zkazlfly hd il~li`xli`ùe
Adzdei`l Adedzlm
Mkazlz ~zkhtixky hd ilm`hlh
Azìg`ik Flehk `exdazlm ’ Jlmleidh Yikzd
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
<>% Ikeimty`ùe hd ml ~mle`g`ili`ùe dyxzlxàa`il Ml wdexlol ikf~dx`x`wl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl zlh`il de yt h`gdzdei`li`ùe h`gdzdei`li`ùe p ~`kedzky de ml ~zkhtii`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl |td md jz`ehl dm dyidelz`k l~zk~`lhk ~lzl adedzlz tx`m`hlhdy ike te fledok dg`i`dexd p dg`il hd yty zditzyky- ~kz mly ilzlixdzæyx`ily hdm ~zkhtixk dy ÿe`ik de yty `e`i`ky p zdexljmd de dm ~zkidyk hd `exzkhtii`ùe lm fdzilhk kjodx`wk%
<<% Dyxztixtzl kzale`li`kelm l @exzkhtii`ùe Ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil Mxhl%- ek itdexl ike tel dyxztixtzl kzale`li`kelm ike ml il~li`hlh hd zdy~kehdz l mly dr~dixlx`wly hdm fdzilhk hd Ml ^l3 dm ^mle hd FCX ikexdf~ml dm h`ydük hd ml f`yfl l g`e hd ikexlz ike tel bdzzlf`dexl dg`il ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe p k~x`f`lz yt kzale`li`ùe%
j Kzale`azlfl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Mky ~tdyxky hd xzljlok de ml Ikk~dzlx`wl yd hdg`ede dyxljmdi`dehk mly lix`w`hlhdy |td zdlm`lzì ilhl tek hd dmmky3 ~lzl xlm dgdixk mky yki`ky hdjde ikf~zdehdz ml dyxztixtzl ~lzl |td gtei`ked de gkzfl `exdazlm% Adzdei`l Adedzlm
Ydizdxlz`l
Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl
Deilzalhk hd Ikexlj`m`hlh
Deilzalhk hd Xdykzdzæl
D|t`~k Xàie`ik LMX
Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe
Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl
Adzdei`l hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe
Ladexdy hd wdexl
K~dzlz`ky hd ~zkidyk
Im`dexdy
Atlzh`leæl
Azìg`ik :? Kzale`azlfl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
•
Zdy~keyljmd hd mky kjodx`wky adedzlmdy%
Zdy~keyljmd hdm ~lxz`fke`k p mky zdytmxlhky hd adyx`ùe lhf`e`yxzlx`wl •
Adzdexd Adedzlm
Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl
Adzdei`l hd Ikfdzi`lm`& li`ùe
Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe
Zdy~keyljmd hd ml `exzkhtii`ùe- ~zkfk& i`ùe- ~ky`i`kelf`de& xk p wdexly hdm ~zkhtixk •
Zdy~keyljmd hd mky ~zkidyky ~zkhtix`wky ~zkhtix`wky
•
Azìg`ik 9? H`eìf`il `exdazlm hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl
Yd bl ikey`hdzlhk edidylz`k izdlz xzdy adzdei`ly ~lzl mly lix`w`hlhdy hd lhf`e`yxzli`ùelhf`e`yxzli`ùe~zkhtii`ùe p ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe- |t`dedy hd~dehdzìe h`zdixlfdexd hdm Adzdexd Adedzlm hdy`aelhk ~kz dm Ikeydok hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe p l~zkjlhk ~kz ml Lylfjmdl Adedzlm hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Ml fìr`fl `eyxlei`l hd ml dyxztixtzl kzale`li`kelm dy ml Lylfjmdl Adedzlm hd Yki`ky- p dm Ikeydok hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe dy dm ùzalek doditxkz hd mly zdykmti`kedy hd ml f`yfl3 dm Ikeydok hd W`a`mlei`l lytfd tel gtei`ùe hd ikexzkm p g`yilm`li`ùe hd mly lii`kedy zdlm`lhly de jdedg`i`k hd mky `exdazlexdy% `exdazlexdy% Ml ~zk~tdyxl hd ml dyxztixtzl kzale`li`kelm dy ù~x`fl ~lzl dm gtei`kelf`dexk hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl- dyxl hdjd ydz `f~mlexlhl l ~lzx`z hdm xdzidz lük hd h`yxz`jti`ùe hd mly ikeydzwly- htzlexd mky ~z`fdzky hky lüky dm d|t`~k xàie`ik hd ml LMX lytf`zì mly gtei`kedy hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe- ^zkhtii`ùe p Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe ~lzl flr`f`lz tx`m`hlhdy p itf~m`z ike mly kjm`ali`kedy ytyiz`xly ike ml dex`hlh j`eli`kelm%
<:% Hdyiz`~i`ùe hd mky ilzaky l Ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm Dy hdy`aelhk ~kz dm Ikeydok hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe ike ml l~zkjli`ùe hd ml Lylfjmdl Adedzlm hd mky yki`ky% Ike ml etdwl w`y`ùe hdm Dyxlhk ^mtz`eli`kelm hd Jkm`w`l dy zdikfdehljmd |td ydl te f`dfjzk hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl ~lzl gkzxlmdidz dm ~z`ei`~`k ~lzx`i`~lx`wk%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
X`ded l yt ilzak mly Adzdei`ly hd ^zkhtii`ùe^zkhtii`ùe- Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl p hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe- ike |t`dedy ikkzh`el ~dzfledexdfdexd3 dm D|t`~k Xàie`ik LMX p Ydizdxlz`l yke l~kpk p lydykzlf`dexk% Adzdei`l Adedzlm
Ydizdxlz`l
Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl
D|t`~k Xàie`ik LMX
Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe
Adzdei`l hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe
Azìg`ik 8? Kzale`azlfl hd ml Adzdei`ly Adedzlm
Zdy~keyljmd hd mky kjodx`wky adedzlmdy hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% ^zk~ked lm Ikeydok hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe mly ~kmæx`ily- ~mledy p ~zkazlfly l hdylzzkmmlzyd% H`z`ad dm ~mledlf`dexk ~lzl dm jtde gtei`kelf`dexk hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl- dyxljmdid p doditxl mky kjodx`wky k jodx`wky p dyxzlxda`ly ikzzdy~keh`dexdy% ^lzx`i`~l de ml dmljkzli`ùe hdm ^zdyt~tdyxk Letlm p dm ^mle K~dzlx`wk Letlm% Zdlm`l wdz`g`ili`kedy gzditdexdy hd mky ~zkidyky ~zkhtix`wky% Idmdjzl ikexzlxky p ikewde`ky de zdgdzdei`l lm ~zkidyk hd ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe% ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe% Zd~zdydexl mdalmfdexd lexd mky kzale`yfky xàie`iky lhf`e`yxzlx`wky hdm dyxlhk% Zdy~kehd ~kz dm itf~m`f`dexk hd mly ekzfly mdalmdy w`adexdy de flxdz`l hd w`eitmli`ùe hdm ~dzykelm% Lhk~xl ml dyxztixtzl kzale`li`kelm hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hdm Ikeydok hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe%
j Ml Ydizdxlz`l Dy hdy`aelhl ~kz ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm de ikkzh`eli`ùe ike mly kxzly Adzdei`ly- zdlm`l mljkzdy `exdazlmdy de ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Zdy~keyljmd hdm lzib`wk hkitfdexlm hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Dmljkzl ml ladehl hd ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm% Dmljkzl ml hkitfdexli`ùe hd xzìf`xd kg`i`lm% Dewæl- zdi`jd p zda`yxzl hkitfdexli`ùe hkitfdexli`ùe kg`i`lm% Zdlm`l ikx`li`kedy ikx`li`kedy ~lzl ml ~zkw`y`ùe hd flxdz`lm hd kg`i`el% ^zkazlfl i`xly ike mky im`dexdy% Ikexzkml ml idexzlm xdmdgùe`il p mmdwl zda`yxzk hd mmlflhly% Kzale`l ml Otexl hd Adzdexdy ydflelmfdexd% Hdydf~dül kxzly gtei`kedy ly`aelhly ~kz mly Adzdei`ly% Yt~dzw`yl mly mljkzdy hd m`f~`dl hd mly ìzdly lhf`e`yxzlx`wly% lhf`e`yxzlx`wly%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Adzdei`l Adedzlm
Ydizdxlz`l
Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl
Deilzalhk hd Ikexlj`m`hlh
Deilzalhk hd Xdykzdzæl
Atlzh`leæl
Azìg`ik 4? Kzale`azlfl hd ml Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl
i Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl ^zk~tdyxk ~kz ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm lexd dm Ikeydok hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe- |t`dedy df`xde yt `efdh`lxl zdykmti`ùe hd lid~xli`ùe% X`ded l ilzak l mky deilzalhky hd Ikexlj`m`hlhXdykzdzæl p Atlzh`leæl% Zdy~keyljmd hdm ~lxz`fke`k p mky zdytmxlhky hd adyx`ùe lhf`e`yxzlx`wl% Lydykzl ml ikzzdixl p k~kzxtel tx`m`li`ùe hd mky zditzyky btfleky- g`elei`dzky p flxdz`lmdy hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl de ikkzh`eli`ùe ike mly kxzly ìzdly% Dmljkzl dm ~zdyt~tdyxk hdm ìzdl p ikexzkml mky alyxky de adedzlm% @f~mlexl ~zkidh`f`dexky hd ikexzkm `exdzek ~zdw`k p w`a`ml dm itf~m`f`dexk hd ekzfly- h`y~ky`i`kedy h`y~ky`i`kedy p zdamlfdexky zdamlfdexky zdmli`kelhky ike ml lhf`e`yxzli`ùe g`elei`dzl% g`elei`dzl% Zdikf`dehl ml ikexzlxli`ùe hd izàh`xky `exdzeky p drxdzeky ~lzl g`elei`lz ~zkpdixky hd `ewdzy`ùe% Ikkzh`el ike ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm ml zdlm`li`ùe hd dyxth`ky hd glix`j`m`hlh ~lzl ml lh|t`y`i`ùe hd d|t`~ky p fl|t`elz`ly% Dyxljmdid mly ~kmæx`ily ylmlz`lmdy p ikexzlxli`ùe hd ~dzykelm% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky zd|tdz`f`dexky hd ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm p mly kxzly Adzdei`ly%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
h Deilzalhk hd Ikexlj`m`hlh ^zk~tdyxk ~kz ml Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl de ikkzh`eli`ùe ike ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm% Zdy~keyljmd hdm ikexzkm hd `ewdexlz`ky de adedzlm p lmflidedy% H`z`ad mly k~dzli`kedy hd ml ikexlj`m`hlh adedzlm hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Zdlm`l dm leìm`y`y hd itdexly- `ewdexlz`ky- glixtzly p hd~ùy`xky jleilz`ky% Zdlm`l ikei`m`li`kedy jleilz`ly dm ~lak hd `f~tdyxky% ^mle`g`il mly lix`w`hlhdy ~lzl dm i`dzzd k~kzxtek hd ml `egkzfli`ùe ikexljmd% Flex`ded `egkzflhl l ml Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl hd ml y`xtli`ùe ikexljmd% Wdz`g`il mky ikf~zkjlexdy hd `eazdyk p dazdyk% Zdyatlzhl ml `egkzfli`ùe ikexljmd% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hd ml Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl%
d Deilzalhk hd Xdykzdzæl ^zk~tdyxk ~kz ml Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl de ikkzh`eli`ùe ike ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm% Zdy~keyljmd k~dzlx`wk hdm fledok dikeùf`ik% Dmljkzl- dexzdal p lzib`wl mky ikf~zkjlexdy hd `eazdyk p dazdyk hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Dgdixÿl mky hd~ùy`xky jleilz`ky% Dmljkzl mky dyxlhky hd itdexl hd mky ~zkwddhkzdy% Dmljkzl p ~lal ml ~mle`mml hd ytdmhky p ylmlz`ky% Dmljkzl p ~lal mly m`|t`hli`kedy hdm ~dzykelm zdx`zlhk% Dmljkzl `egkzfdy fdeytlmdy hd alyxky lhf`e`yxzlx`wky% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hd ml Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl% Zdlm`l mly ikf~zly h`zdixly hd `eytfky- fl|t`elz`ly- d|t`~ky- deydzdy- dxi%
g Ml Atlzh`leæl Hdy`aelhk ~kz ml Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl de ikkzh`eli`ùe ike ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm% Zdy~keyljmd hd ml ydatz`hlh hd ml ~mlexl de adedzlm% Wdml ~kz ml ydatz`hlh hd mky j`dedy |td yd deitdexzde de dm `exdz`kz hd ml ~mlexl% Ikexzkml- wdz`g`il p lzib`wl mky zda`yxzky hd `eazdyk p ylm`hl hd `eytfky- flxdz`l ~z`fl p ~zkhtixky hd ml ~mlexl% Ikexzkml p wdz`g`il dm `eazdyk hd ~dzykelm lodek "w`y`xly) l ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Ikk~dzlx`wl% Ikexzkml dm `eazdyk p ylm`hl hdm ~dzykelm hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Zdlm`l mljkzdy hd fdeylodzæl p m`f~`dl de adedzlm% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hd ml Adzdei`l Lhf`e`yxzlx`wl%
a Ml Adzdei`l hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe ^zk~tdyxk ~kz ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm lexd dm Ikeydok hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe- |t`dedy df`xde yt `efdh`lxl zdykmti`ùe hd lid~xli`ùe% Hd~lzxlfdexk Hd~lzxlfdexk edidylz`k ~lzl hdylzzkmmlzhdylzzkmmlz- izdlzikfte`ilz p adedzlz wlmkz ~lzl mky im`dexdy l xzlwày hd ml fdiml hdm flzcdx`ea "~zkhtixk- ~zdi`k- ~mll p ~zkfki`ùe)%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Adzdei`l Adedzlm
Ydizdxlz`l
Adzdei`l hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe
Ladexdy hd wdexl
Im`dexdy
Azìg`ik 7? Kzale`azlfl hd ml Adzdei`l hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe
Zdy~keyljmd hd ml `exzkhtii`ùe- ~zkfki`ùe- ~ky`i`kelf`dexk p wdexly hdm ~zkhtixk hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% H`ydül- ikexzkml p yt~dzw`yl ml `flade hdm ~zkhtixk% Dmljkzl ml ~kmæx`il hd ~zdi`ky% Hdg`ed mly bdzzlf`dexly hd ~tjm`i`hlh% Dmljkzl dm ~mle hd fdh`ky ~lzl ml ~zkfki`ùe% Dmljkzl dm ~zdyt~tdyxk hdm ìzdl p ikexzkml mky alyxky de adedzlm% Hdxdzf`el ml jlyd hd hlxky p ikexlixl ike mky im`dexdy% H`ydül p doditxl ilf~lüly hd ~zkfki`ùe% Adyx`kel ike ml Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe dm flexde`f`dexk hd yxkic hd ~zkhtixky ~lzl dm fdzilhk% Fke`xkzdl ~dzfledexdfdexd dm fdzilhk ~lzl ml tj`ili`ùe hd ~kxdei`lmdy im`dexdy% Ikkzh`el ike ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm ml dr~ley`ùe hdm fdzilhk% Ikkzh`el ike ml Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe ^zkhtii`ùe ml ilm`hlh p h`wdzy`g`ili`ùe hdm ~zkhtixk% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hd ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm%
b Ml Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe ^zk~tdyxk ~kz ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm lexd dm Ikeydok hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe- |t`dedy df`xde yt `efdh`lxl zdykmti`ùe hd lid~xli`ùe% Dy dm ~z`ei`~lm hd~lzxlfdexk hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wlx`ded l yt ilzak lm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl ~lzl wdmlz dm ekzflm gtei`kelf`dexk% Zdy~keyljmd hd mky ~zkidyky ~zkhtix`wky p ml ilm`hlh hdm ~zkhtixk hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl% Lydykzl ml ikzzdixl p k~kzxtel tx`m`li`ùe hd mky `eytfky p flxdz`l ~z`fl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl de ikkzh`eli`ùe ike mly kxzly ìzdly%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Dmljkzl dm ~zdyt~tdyxk hdm ìzdl p ikexzkml mky alyxky de adedzlm% Xkfl fdh`hly edidylz`ly ~lzl ml k~x`f`li`ùe hd mky zditzyky btfleky l yt ilzak% Dyxljmdid p ikexzkml ml ~kmæx`il hd l~zkw`y`kelf`dexk p lmflidelf`dexk hd mky ~zkhtixky% @f~mdfdexl ~kmæx`ily hd flexde`f`dexk ~zdwdex`wk p ikzzdix`wky hd fl|t`elz`ly p d|t`~ky% @ewdyx`al p ~zk~ked etdwk ~zkhtixky h`wdzy`g`ilhky hd ml xztibl de ikkzh`eli`ùe ike ml Adzdei`l hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe% Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe% Zdy~keyljmd hd adyx`kelz lexd ml ltxkz`hlh ikf~dxdexd mky zd|t`y`xky hd ilm`hlh dm ~zkhtixk% @f~mdfdexl `eyxztfdexky `eyxztfdexky hd adyx`ùe hd ilm`hlh ~lzl dm ~zkidyk ~zkhtix`wk% Adyx`kel ike ml Adzdei`l hd Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe dm flexde`f`dexk hd yxkic hd ~zkhtixky ~lzl dm fdzilhk% Wdz`g`il ml ilm`hlh hd `eytfky p flxdz`l ~z`fl% Zdlm`l ml dwlmtli`ùe hd zdeh`f`dexk hdm ~dzykelm hd ml ~mlexl% Ikkzh`el ike ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm ml lh|t`y`i`ùe hd d|t`~ky p fl|t`elz`ly% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hd ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm%
Adzdei`l Adedzlm
Ydizdxlz`l
Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe
Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl
K~dzlz`ky hd ^zkidyk
Azìg`ik 1? Kzale`azlfl hd ml Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe
`
Dm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl ^zk~tdyxk ~kz ml Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe de ikkzh`eli`ùe ike ml Adzdei`l Adedzlm- x`ded l ilzak l mky K~dzlz`ky hd ^zkidyk "Zdid~i`ùe- Dw`yidzlhk- G`mdxdlhk- DewlylhkIkii`ùe- Ydmmlhk- Dyxdz`m`lhk- Dx`|tdxlhk p Df~l|td)%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Zdy~keyljmd hd mly lix`w`hlhdy p lii`kedy zdlm`lhly de ml ~mlexl hd ~zkhtii`ùe% Wdz`g`il ml zdid~i`ùe hd flxdz`l ~z`fl% Yt~dzw`yl dm tyk hd ml ekzfly hd fletglixtzli`ùe hd lm`fdexky ~zkidylhky% Lydatzl dm ikzzdixk ytf`e`yxzk hd wdex`mli`ùe- drxzlii`ùe hd kmkzdy- p ydzw`i`ky jìy`iky hd ml ~mlexl% Ikexzkml dm ikzzdixk gtei`kelf`dexk gtei`kelf`dexk hd mky d|t`~ky p fl|t`elz`ly p yt jtde dyxlhk p flexde`f`dexk flexde`f`dexk ~zdwdex`wk% Dmljkzl p wdz`g`il mly dy~di`g`ili`kedy dy~di`g`ili`kedy xàie`ily hd mky dewlydy% Ydmdii`kel p hdydibl mly dr`yxdei`ly wdei`hly% Zdy~keyljmd hd ml blj`m`xli`ùe hd `eytfky ~lzl dm ~zkidyk ~zkhtix`wky% Wdz`g`ili`ùe hdm ~zkidyk hd flexde`f`dexk ~zdwdex`wk p ikzzdix`wk hd fl|t`elz`l p d|t`~k% Zdy~keyljmd hdm itf~m`f`dexk hd mky ~lzìfdxzky xàzf`iky htzlexd mly dxl~ly hdm ~zkidyk% Zdy~keyljmd hdm ikexzkm hd ilm`hlh hd mly mlxly htzlexd dm ydmmlhk% Yt~dzw`y`ùe hd mky ~zkidyky hd lmflidelf`dexk- dx`|tdxlhk p dfjlz|td hd ~zkhtixk xdzf`elhk% Dmljkzl mly ~kmæx`ily hd x`df~k p fkw`f`dexk hdm ~zkidyk ~zkhtix`wk% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hd ml Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe%
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Mky K~dzlz`ky hdm ^zkidyk Yke hdy`aelhky ~kz de ikkzh`eli`ùe ike ml Adzdei`l hd ^zkhtii`ùe p dm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl- mky f`yfky |td zdlm`le mly k~dzli`ùe de ydz`d ~lzl k~x`f`lz dm tyky dg`i`dexd hd mky zditzyky%
<% Zdid~i`ùe Zdy~keyljmd hd ml zdid~i`ùe zdid~i`ùe hd `eytfky- flxdz`l ~z`fl p ~zkhtixky ~zkhtixky liljlhky% Wdz`g`il dm ~dylod ikzzdixk hd mky `eytfky p flxdz`l ~z`fl ~lzl dm ~zkidyk hd ~zkhtii`ùe% Lmflidel p zdi`jd mky `eytfky p flxdz`l ~z`fl ~lzl dm ~zkidyk hd ~zkhtii`ùe% Zdx`zl mky zdy`htky p+k hdy~dzh`i`ky kzaìe`iky hd ml ~mlexl lm drxdz`kz% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hdm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl
:% Dw`yidzlhk Zdy~keyljmd hd hdyilflhk- ikzxd- hdyiljdlhk- dw`yidzlhk- hdybtdylhk p m`f~`dl hd ml flxdz`l ~z`fl% Itf~md ike mly ekzfly dyxljmdi`hly% "fdh`hl&~dyk) "fdh`hl&~dyk) Zdy~keyljmd hd mly bdzzlf`dexly hd xzljlok tx`m`lhly de ml glyd hdm ~zkidyk% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hdm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl
9% G`mdxdlhk Zdy~keyljmd hd g`mdxdk p m`f~`dl hd ml flxdz`l ~z`fl% Itf~md ike mly ekzfly dyxljmdi`hly% "fdh`hl&~dyk) "fdh`hl&~dyk)
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Wdz`g`il ml ilm`hlh hd mky g`mdxdy p xzklhk% Zdy~keyljmd hd mly bdzzlf`dexly hd xzljlok tx`m`lhly de ml glyd hdm ~zkidyk% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hdm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl
8% Dewlylhk Zdy~keyljmd hdm ~zkidyk hd ylmftdzl- mmdelhk p ~dylhk hd mky xzkky hd ~dyilhk% Zdy~keyljmd hd mly bdzzlf`dexly hd xzljlok tx`m`lhly de ml glyd hdm ~zkidyk% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hdm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl%
4% Ikii`ùe Zdy~keyljmd hdm likeh`i`kelf`dexk likeh`i`kelf`dexk hd mky dewlydy de ml ltxkimlwd% Zdy~keyljmd hd ml ~zd~lzli`ùe p gtei`kelf`dexk hd ml ltxkimlwd% Zdy~keyljmd hd mly bdzzlf`dexly hd xzljlok tx`m`lhly de ml glyd hdm ~zkidyk% Iki`elhk p hzdelhk hd mky dewlydy ike g`mdxdy% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hdm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl%
7% Ydmmlhk Wdz`g`il ml fl|t`el idzzlhkzl% Zdlm`l dm xzlymlhk hd ml flxdz`l ~z`fl ~zd iki`hl l ml kel hd ydmmlhk% Lh`i`kel dm mæ|t`hk hd akj`dzek% Zdlm`l ml k~dzli`ùe hd ydmmlhk hd dewlydy% Zdlm`l dm ~zkidyk hd m`f~`dl hd dewlydy lexdy hd xzlymlhlzmk l yt dyxdz`m`li`ùe% Zdy~keyljmd hd mly bdzzlf`dexly hd xzljlok tx`m`lhly de ml glyd hdm ~zkidyk% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hdm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl%
1% Dyxdz`m`lhk Zdy~keyljmd hdm likeh`i`kelf`dexk likeh`i`kelf`dexk hd mky dewlydy de ml ltxkimlwd% Zdy~keyljmd hd ml ~zd~lzli`ùe p gtei`kelf`dexk hd ml ltxkimlwd% Zdy~keyljmd hd ml m`f~`dl p yle`x`li`ke hd ml ~mlexl% Zdy~keyljmd hdm ~zkidyk hd degz`lf`dexk hdy~tày hdm dyxdz`m`lhk% Zdy~keyljmd hd mly bdzzlf`dexly hd xzljlok tx`m`lhly de ml glyd hdm ~zkidyk% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hdm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl%
2% K~dzlz`k hd Dx`|tdxlhk p Df~l|td Zdy~keyljmd hd ikexzkm p lmflidelhk hd mky ~zkhtixky g`elmdy% Wdz`g`il ml xdf~dzlxtzl lfj`dexd p ikeh`i`kedy hdm lmfliàe hd ~zkhtixky xdzf`elhky% @hdex`g`il mky dewlydy jlok gkzflxky hd mkxdy p iùh`aky hd ~zkhtii`ùe% Dx`|tdxl mky dewlydy fdxìm`iky% Df~lil mky dewlydy de iloly hd ilzxùe likeh`i`kelhly% Mmdwl dm zda`yxzk hd ~zkhtii`ùe p yxkic hd ~zkhtixky g`elmdy%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
Zdy~keyljmd hd mly bdzzlf`dexly hd xzljlok tx`m`lhly de ml glyd hdm ~zkidyk% Lx`dehd mky zd|tdz`f`dexky hdm Yt~dzw`ykz hd ^mlexl
<9% ^zkidyk ~zkhtix`wk Ml ~mlexl hdjdzì ikexlz ike ~dzykelm dy~di`lm`lhk ~lzl zdlm`lz dm ~zkidyk hd ~zkhtii`ùe- dm itlm dyxì ikexdf~mlhk de ml dyxztixtzl kzale`li`kelm ~mlexdlhl de dm ^mle hd FCX% Dy `f~kzxlexd zd`xdzlz |td htzlexd mky hky ~z`fdzky lüky dm d|t`~k xàie`ik hd ml LMX ydzìe mky zdy~keyljmdy hd Lhf`e`yxzli`ùe- ^zkhtii`ùe p Ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe l g`e hd ek adedzlz alyxky l ml Ikk~dzlx`wl d `eizdfdexlz yty tx`m`hlhdy ~lzl itf~m`z ike mly kjm`ali`kedy hdm Gkehk Zkxlxkz`kikey`hdzlehk |td l ~lzx`z hdm xdzidz lük ml Ikk~dzlx`wl hdjdzì lytf`z mky alyxky hdm ~dzykelm fdei`kelhk% Zdid~i`ùe hd flxdz`l ~z`fl
Dw`yidzlhk
G`mdxdlhk+Ikzxd
Dewlylhk
Ikii`ùe
Ydmmlhk
Dyxdz`m`lhk
Df~l|td p lmflidelf`dexk
^zkhtixk G`elm Azìg`ik 2? Dm ~zkidyk ~zkhtix`wk
<8% Dm fdzilhk l Fdzilhk ~kxdei`lm Dm fdzilhk hdg`e`hk ~lzl dm ^mle hd FCX ydzìe mky Flizk h`yxz`xky hd Ikxlbtfl- Idexzk p Ytz ~dzxdedi`dexdy lm Akj`dzek Fte`i`~lm hd Ml ^l hd ml ^zkw`ei`l Ftz`mmk hdm Hd~lzxlfdexk hd Ml ^l%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
j Fdzilhk fdxl Ml ~kjmli`ùe xkxlm hd mky Flizk h`yxz`xky dyxljmdi`hky dyxljmdi`hky lyi`dehd l 984-<44 984-<44 blj`xlexdy- ike dm kjodx`wk hd `exzkhti`z mly ikeydzwly hd xztibl il~xlehk dm <$ ikfk fdzilhk fdxlikey`hdzlehk mly hdg`i`dei`ly dikeùf`ily hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl3 |td y`ae`g`il te fdzilhk kjodx`wk hd 9-84< ~zkhtixky de ml glyd hd `exzkhtii`ùe% Ml h`gdzdei`l dr`yxdexd dexzd dm fdzilhk fdxl p ~kxdei`lm ek yd w`ymtfjzl z`dyak |td `f~`hl `eazdylz lm fdzilhk ~kz ml drimty`w`hlh hd ml ~zkhtii`ùe y`dehk glix`jmd mkazlzmk% Ml ikeydzwl hd xztibl dmljkzlhl ~kz ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil Mxhl%wl h`z`a`hk lm ~dzg`m hd ikeytf`hkz ikegkzflhk ~kz mly lfly hd ilyl dexzd :4 p 8> lüky ydaÿe ml `ewdyx`ali`ùe hd fdzilhk zdlm`lhl ~zdw`l l ml dmljkzli`ùe hdm ^mle hd FCX%
i ^ky`i`kelf`dexk Ml Ikk~dzlx`wl x`ded ml wdexlol hd ydz dm ÿe`ik ~zkhtixkz hd dyxd x`~k hd ikeydzwly dmljkzlhly de jlyd l ml xztibl ike wlmkz lazdalhk de dm fdh`k mkilm%
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@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
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Dy hdi`z ml kgdzxl hd ~zkhtixky dyxì alzlex`lhl- p mky Flizk h`yxz`xky dyxljmdi`hky ek dr`yx`zì hdflehl `eylx`ygdibl- ike tel ~zkpdii`ùe letlm hd 49%09$ hd izdi`f`dexk de dm ~z`fdz lük hd h`yxz`jti`ùe p te litftmljmd hd <87%8:$ l g`elmdy hdm ydatehk lük%
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Azìg`ik <>? Wlmkzdy etxz`i`kelmdy hd ml ikeydzwl hd xztibl
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@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
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^zkhtixk
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Azìg`ik < Ilzlixdzæyx`ily hd ml ikeydzwl hd xztibl
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G`atzl 0? ^zdydexli`ùe hd ~zkhtixk
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@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
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@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
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Tel wd `exzkhti`hk dm ~zkhtixk- ml Ikk~dzlx`wl h`ydülzì zdidxlz`ky de jlyd l ml ikeydzwl tx`m`lehk `eazdh`dexdy hd ml mkilm`hlh p ykjzd xkhk de gtei`ùe l mly xzlh`i`kedy p ikyxtfjzdy itm`elz`ly hdm ~læy% De dm ~texk 0 ykjzd Dyxzlxda`ly ’ Fdzilhkxdie`l p wdexly- yd ikey`hdzl mly lmxdzelx`wly hd xìix`ily "flxdz`lm `f~zdyk- lzxdy hd ~zdeyl- dxi%) p dyidelz`ky ~lzl ~kxdei`lm`lz ml ~zkfki`ùe hdm ~zkhtixk de dm fdzilhk fdxl l g`e hd `egkzflz- ~dzytlh`z p zdikzhlz ml dr`yxdei`l hdm ~zkhtixk lyæ ikfk mly ~kxdei`lm`hlhdy hdm f`yfk- itpk fdeylod hdjdz ydz xzlyf`x`hk ~kz mly `f~tmylhkzly%
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@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
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@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
j Dm ~zdi`k hd wdexl lm l m h`yxz`jt`hkz De gtei`ùe l ml `ewdzy`ùe p l ml dr`adei`l hd hd tx`m`hlh hd mky yki`ky hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl de ikeikzhlei`l ike dm ^mle hd ^zkhtii`ùe dmljkzlhk ~kz dm zdy~keyljmd hdm ìzdl- yd dyxljmdi`ù |td ml ikeydzwl hd xztibl xdeal te ~zdi`k te`xlz`k hd? Jy% <8%>> lm f`yfk |td hdjdzì lazdalzyd dm <8%:2$ hd tx`m`hlh ~lzl mky ladexdy hd wdexly- y`dehk dm ~zdi`k hd wdexl lm ~ÿjm`ik hd? Jy% <7%>> ~kz ilhl te`hlh%
<2% Zdexlj`m`hlh l Leìm`y`y hd tx`m`hlh Mly wdexly ~zkpdixlhly de mky Flizk h`yxz`xky hd Ikxlbtfl- Idexzk p Ytz- adedzlzæle l ~lzx`z hdm hkidlwk fdy mly ~z`fdzly tx`m`hlhdy hd litdzhk lm ~zdi`k g`olhk ~kz ml Ikk~dzlx`wl%
j @eh`ilhkz ZJI "Jdedg`i`k&Ikyxk L~m`ilehk dm `eh`ilhkz hd jdedg`i`k ikyxk- ~kz ilhl < jkm`w`lek `ewdzx`hk yd zdit~dzlzæl <%<< jkm`w`lek- ike te flzade hd <<$ hd tx`m`hlh3 y`dehk glix`jmd dm ~zkpdixk ~lzl mky yki`ky hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl%
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
<0% Ikeimty`kedy p zdikfdehli`kedy Dm ^mle hd FCX dmljkzlhk ~lzl ml h`yxz`jti`ùe hd mly ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil Mxhl%- dyxì h`z`a`hk l mky Flizk h`yxz`xky hd Ikxlbtfl- Idexzk p Ytz hd ml i`thlh hd Ml ^l- dyxljmdi`dehk ml hdflehl de gtei`ùe ~kjmli`kelm lm ek dr`yx`z `egkzfli`ùe de mky kzale`yfky ikzzdy~keh`dexdy ikzzdy~keh`dexdy ~kz ydz te ~zkhtixk ÿe`ik de dm fdzilhk% Ml fdzilhk fdxl- zd|t`dzd tel hkxli`ùe ~dzfledexd ~lzl itjz`z mky kjodx`wky hd ml hdflehl ~zkazdy`wlfdexd3 ~zkazdy`wlfdexd3 mky ylmhky hd ml ~zkhtii`ùe fdeytlm hdjde ydz `exzkhti`hky l dex`hlhdy dyxlxlmdy t kxzly ~lzl itjz`z ike mky alyxky p ikyxky |td zd|t`dzd ~lzl ml w`adei`l hdm df~zdeh`f`dexk% df~zdeh`f`dexk% ^lzl k~x`f`lz yty `eazdyky- ml Ikk~dzlx`wl hdjd adedzlz wdexly h`zdixly y`e `exdzfdh`lz`ky de dm ~z`fdz xz`fdyxzd dyxljmdi`dehk lm`lely dyxzlxàa`ily ~lzl yt h`yxz`jti`ùe de kxzky fdzilhky ek dyxljmdi`hky de dm ^mle hd FCX% ^lzl flr`f`lz tx`m`hlhdy- ml dex`hlh j`eli`kelm hdjdzì jz`ehlz dm l~kpk xàie`ik&~zkgdy`kelm xàie`ik&~zkgdy`kelm ~lzl mly ìzdly hd lhf`e`yxzli`ùe- ~zkhtii`ùe p ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe ike dm kjodxk hd h`yf`et`z mky dazdyky hd mky alyxky h`zdixky- blyxl |td ml Ikk~dzlx`wl deitdexzd yt ~texk hd d|t`m`jz`k dexzd ml kgdzxl p ml hdflehl3 p mkazd h`yf`et`z yt jzdibl dikeùf`il ~lzl ltxk ykyxdedzyd mtdak hd itjz`z yty kjm`ali`kedy ike dm Gkehk Zkxlxkz`k% Ml Ikk~dzlx`wl hdjd `f~mlexlz d `f~mdfdexlz ml ~zk~tdyxl hd Dyxztixtzl Kzale`li`kelm ~lzl h`elf`lz dg`i`dexdfdexd yty k~dzli`kedy lhf`e`yxzlx`wly- ~zkhtix`wly p ikfdzi`lmdy% Ml dmljkzli`ùe hdm flxdz`lm hd ~zkfki`ùe p+k fdzilhkxdie`l zd|t`dzd hd te ~zdyt~tdyxk ek ikexdf~mlhk de dm ^mle hd FCX- ml Ikk~dzlx`wl hdjd deikexzlz mky dexdy g`elei`lhkzdy k lytf`z ml zdy~keylj`m`hlh ~lzl yt `efdh`lxl ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe% ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe% Ml h`wdzy`g`ili`ùe hd ~zkhtixky dmljkzlhky de jlyd l ml xztibl ~tdhd ydz kxzl lmxdzelx`wl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl ~lzl dr~leh`z yt kgdzxl p lxdehdz ml hdflehl ydaÿe ml dr`adei`l hdm fdzilhk de te fdh`lek ~mlk% "Azlxdh- g`mdxdy m`abx- dxi%)
:>% Ledrky l ^zdyt~tdyxk hd bdzzlf`dexly hd fdzilhkxdie`l j ^dzg`m hdm im`dexd ~kxdei`lm i _ke`g`ili`ùe hd mky Flizk h`yxz`xky
@ea% Ilzmky Lehzlhd ^lzdol
^mle hd Flzcdx`ea ~lzl ml ikfdzi`lm` ikfdzi`lm`li`ùe li`ùe hd ikeydzwly hd xztibl hd ml Ikk~dzlx`wl Lazk~ditlz`l @exdazlm @eil Iblil MXHL
^zdyt~tdyxk "Dr~zdylhk de Jkm`w`leky) Flxdz`lm hd Fdzilhkxdie`l ~lzl ~zdydexli`ùe hd ~zkhtixk Fdzibleh`y`ea Ikeid~xk