Gbs redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvb kf`ncnstrktnvbs: s: Dbcdeptb y dgkses. \edursbs fe kgzkfk, repbsndnôc y extrkbrfnckrnb extrkbrfnck rnb fe revnsnôc \EAE\ECDNKT GEMNTGKVNQKT Dbcstntudnôc Espkûbgk, fe <= fe fndne`lre fe ;>=8, duyk úgtn`k `bfnandkdnôc se hk prbfudnfb pbr \eabr`k feg krtàdugb ;45, fe <= fe septne`lre fe
VE@K
=
Gey 4>//
BLJEVNQBT Kckgnzkr gbs fnstnctbs tnpbs fe redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs, pkrk eggb estufnkre`bs gbs redursbs fe kgzkfk, repbsndnôc y extrkbrfnckrnb fe revnsnôc
@kternks db`uces. Ve`k =
;. GBT \EDU\TBT KF@NCNTV\KVNQB KF@NCNTV\KVNQBT: T: DBCDE_VB ^ DGKTET. \EDU\TBT FE KGZKFK, \E_BTNDNÔC ^ EXV\KB\FNCK\NB FE \EQNTNÔC ;.; Gbs redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs: dbcdeptb y dgkses K. Dbcdeptb Gbs `efnbs fe n`pumckdnôc fe gbs kdtbs y fnspbsndnbces fe gk Kf`ncnstrkdnôc que puefec utngnzkr gbs que se snectkc perjufndkfbs pbr gbs `ns`bs, dukcfb estn`ec que sbc dbctrkrnbs kg brfeck`nectb juràfndb, rednlec eg cb`lre fe redursbs. Estbs sbc kf`ncnstrktnvbs dukcfb se resuegvec pbr gbs ôrmkcbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs.
L. _rncdnpnbs mecerkges sblre gbs redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs Vb`e cbtk
Gks redgk`kdnbces edbcô`ndb-kf`ncnstrktnvks se kjustkrëc k gbs prbdefn`nectbs estklgednfbs pbr su gemnsgkdnôc espedàandk.
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k. Bljetb y dgkses Dbctrk gks resbgudnbces y gbs kdtbs fe trë`nte, sn estbs úgtn`bs fednfec fnredtk b ncfnredtk`ecte eg abcfb feg ksuctb, feter`nckc gk n`pbsnlngnfkf fe dbctncukr eg prbdefn`nectb, prbfudec ncfeaecsnôc b perjundnb nrrepkrklge k feredhbs e nctereses gemàtn`bs, pbfrëc ncterpbcerse pbr gbs nctereskfbs gbs redursbs fe kgzkfk y pbtestktnvb fe repbsndnôc, que dklrë aucfkr ec dukgqunerk fe gbs `btnvbs fe cugnfkf b kcugklngnfkf. Gk bpbsndnôc k gbs restkctes kdtbs fe trë`nte pbfrë kgemkrse pbr gbs nctereskfbs pkrk su dbcsnferkdnôc ec gk resbgudnôc que pbcmk anc kg prbdefn`nectb. Gks geyes pbfrëc sustntunr eg redursb fe kgzkfk, ec supuestbs b ë`lntbs sedtbrnkges feter`nckfbs, y dukcfb gk espednandnfkf fe gk `kternk ksà gb justnanque, pbr btrbs prbdefn`nectbs fe n`pumckdnôc, redgk`kdnôc, dbcdngnkdnôc, `efnkdnôc y krlntrkje, kcte ôrmkcbs dbgemnkfbs b Db`nsnbces espedàandks cb sb`etnfks k ncstruddnbces jerërq jer ërqund undks ks,, dbc res respe petb tb k gbs pr prncd ncdnp npnb nbs, s, mkr mkrkct kctàk àkss y
efntbrnkg } dep
Gbs redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs
pgkzbs que gk presecte Gey redbcbde k gks persbcks y k gbs nctereskfbs ec tbfb prbdefn`nectb kf`ncnstrktnvb. Ec gks `ns`ks dbcfndnbces, eg redursb fe repbsndnôc pbfrë ser sustntunfb pbr gbs prbdefn`nectbs k que se reanere eg përrkab kcternbr, respetkcfb su dkrëdter pbtestktnvb pkrk eg nctereskfb. Gk kpgndkdnôc fe estbs prbdefn`nectbs ec eg ë`lntb fe gk Kf`ncnstrkdnôc Gbdkg cb pbfrë supbcer eg fesdbcbdn`nectb fe gks akdugtkfes resbgutbrnks redbcbdnfks k gbs ôrmkcbs represectktnvbs egedtbs estklgednfbs pbr gk Gey. Dbctrk gks fnspbsndnbces kf`ncnstrktnvks fe dkrëdter mecerkg cb dklrë redursb ec vàk kf`ncnstrktnvk. Gbs redursbs dbctrk uc kdtb kf`ncnstrktnvb que se aucfec úcndk`ecte ec gk cugnfkf fe kgmuck fnspbsndnôc kf`ncnstrktnvk fe dkrëdter mecerkg pbfrëc ncterpbcerse fnredtk`ecte kcte eg ôrmkcb que fndtô fndhk fnspbsndnôc.
l. Anc fe gk vàk kf`ncnstrktnvk _bcec anc k gk vàk kf`ncnstrktnvk: k) Gks resbgudnbces fe gbs redursbs fe kgzkfk. l) Gks resbgudnbces fe gbs prbdefn`nectbs fe n`pumckdnôc, n`pumckdnôc, redgk`kdnôc, dbcdngnkdnôc, `efnkdnôc y krlntrkje, kcte ôrmkcbs dbgemnkfbs b Db`nsnbces espedàandks cb sb`etnfks k ncstruddnbces jerërqundks d) Gks resbgudnbces fe gbs ôrmkcbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs que que dkrezdkc fe supernbr jerërqundb, jerërqundb, skgvb que uck Gey estklgezdk gb dbctrkrnb. f) Gbs kduerfbs, pkdtbs, dbcvecnbs b dbctrktbs que tecmkc gk dbcsnferkdnôc fe anckgnzkfbres feg prbdefn`nectb. e) Gk resbgudnôc kf`ncnstrktnvk fe gbs prbdefn`nectbs fe respbcsklngnfkf pktrn`bcnkg, pktrn`bcnkg, dukgqunerk que auese eg tnpb fe regkdnôc, púlgndk b prnvkfk, prn vkfk, fe que fernve. a) Gk resbgudnôc fe gbs prbdefn`nectbs db`pge`ectkrnbs ec `kternk skcdnbckfbrk k gbs que se reanere eg krtàdugb >?.6 fe gk Gey 4>/
efntbrnkg } dep
5>
@kternks db`uces. Ve`k =
f) Ec gbs Brmkcns`bs púlgndbs y ectnfkfes feredhb púlgndb vncdugkfbs b fepecfnectes fe gk Kf`ncnstrkdnôc Mecerkg feg Estkfb, gbs e`kckfbs fe gbs `ëxn`bs ôrmkcbs fe fnreddnôc ucnpersbckges b dbgemnkfbs, fe kduerfb dbc gb que estklgezdkc sus estktutbs, skgvb que pbr gey se estklgezdk btrk dbsk. Eg krt. >?.6 fe gk G_KDK_, que remugk gks espednkgnfkfes fe gk resbgudnôc ec gbs prbdefn`nectbs skcdnbckfbres, estklgede que dukcfb gks dbcfudtks skcdnbckfks hulnerkc dkuskfb fkûbs b perjundnbs k gks Kf`ncnstrkdnbces y gk dukctàk festnckfk k ncfe`cnzkr estbs fkûbs cb hulnerk quefkfb feter`nckfk ec eg expefnecte, se anjkrë `efnkcte uc prbdefn`nectb db`pge`ectkrnb, duyk resbgudnôc serë nc`efnktk`ecte ejedutnvk. Este prbdefn`nectb serë susdeptnlge fe ter`nckdnôc dbcvecdnbckg, perb cn îstk cn gk kdeptkdnôc pbr eg ncarkdtbr fe gk resbgudnôc que pufnerk redker n`pgndkrëc eg redbcbdn`nectb vbguctkrnb fe su respbcsklngnfkf. Gk resbgudnôc feg prbdefn`nectb pbcfrë anc k gk vàk kf`ncnstrktnvk.
d. Ncterpbsndnôc fe redursb Gk ncterpbsndnôc feg redursb felerë expreskr: k) Eg cb`lre y kpeggnfbs feg redurrecte, ksà db`b gk nfectnandkdnôc persbckg feg `ns`b. l) Eg kdtb que se redurre y gk rkzôc fe su n`pumckdnôc. d) Gumkr, aedhk, anr`k feg redurrecte, redurrecte, nfectnandkdnôc feg `efnb y, ec su dksb, feg gumkr gumkr que se seûkge k eaedtbs fe cbtnandkdnbces. f) Ôrmkcb, dectrb b ucnfkf kf`ncnstrktnvk kg que se fnrnme y su dbrrespbcfnecte dôfnmb fe nfectnandkdnôc. e) Gks fe`ës pkrtndugkrnfkfes exnmnfks, ec su dksb, pbr pbr gks fnspbsndnbces espedàandks. Eg errbr b gk kusecdnk fe gk dkgnandkdnôc feg redursb pbr pkrte feg redurrecte cb serë blstëdugb pkrk su trk`ntkdnôc, sne`pre que se fefuzdk su verfkferb dkrëdter. Gbs vndnbs y feaedtbs que hkmkc kcugklge uc kdtb cb pbfrëc ser kgemkfbs pbr quneces gbs hulnerec dkuskfb.
f. Dkusks fe nckf`nsnôc Terëc dkusks fe nckf`nsnôc gks snmunectes: k) Ter ncdb`petecte eg ôrmkcb kf`ncnstrktnvb, dukcfb eg db`petecte pertecednerk k btrk Kf`ncnstrkdnôc _úlgndk. Eg redursb felerë re`ntnrse re`ntn rse kg ôrmkcb db`petecte, fe kduerfb dbc gb estklgednfb ec eg krtàdugb ;6.; fe gk Gey fe \îmn`ec Juràfndb feg Tedtbr _úlgndb. l) Dkreder fe gemntn`kdnôc eg redurrecte. d) Vrktkrse fe uc kdtb cb susdeptnlge fe redursb. f) Hkler trkcsdurrnfb eg pgkzb pkrk gk ncterpbsndnôc feg redursb. e) Dkreder eg redursb `kcnanestk`ecte `kcnanestk`ecte fe aucfk`ectb. aucfk`ectb.
1?
efntbrnkg } dep
Gbs redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs
Gey 6?/
;. Eg ôrmkcb kf`ncnstrktnvb que se estn`e ncdb`petecte pkrk gk resbgudnôc fe uc ksuctb re`ntnrë fnredtk`ecte gks kdtukdnbces kg ôrmkcb que dbcsnfere db`petecte, felnecfb cbtnandkr estk dnrducstkcdnk k gbs nctereskfbs.
e. Tuspecsnôc fe gk ejedudnôc Gk ncterpbsndnôc fe dukgquner redursb, exdeptb ec gbs dksbs ec que uck fnspbsndnôc estklgezdk gb dbctrkrnb, cb suspecferë gk ejedudnôc feg kdtb n`pumckfb. Cb blstkcte, gb fnspuestb ec eg përrkab kcternbr, eg ôrmkcb k qunec db`petk resbgver eg redursb, prevnk pbcferkdnôc, suandnecte`ecte rkzbckfk, ectre eg perjundnb que dkuskràk kg ncterîs púlgndb b k terderbs gk suspecsnôc y eg bdksnbckfb kg redurrecte db`b dbcseduecdnk fe gk eandkdnk nc`efnktk feg kdtb redurrnfb, pbfrë suspecfer, fe bandnb b k sbgndntuf feg redurrecte, gk ejedudnôc feg kdtb n`pumckfb dukcfb dbcdurrkc kgmuck fe gks snmunectes dnrducstkcdnks: k) [ue gk ejedudnôc pufnerk dkuskr perjundnbs fe n`pbsn lge b fnaàdng repkrkdnôc. l) [ue gk n`pumckdnôc se aucfk`ecte ec kgmuck fe gks dkusks fe cugnfkf fe pgecb feredhb prevnstks ec eg krtàdugb 6=.; G_ G_KDK_. KDK_. Gk ejedudnôc feg kdtb n`pumckfb se ectecferë suspecfnfk sn trkcsdurrnfb uc `es fesfe que gk sbgndntuf fe suspecsnôc hkyk tecnfb ectrkfk ec eg remnstrb egedtrôcndb fe gk Kf`ncnstrkdnôc u Brmkcns`b db`petecte pkrk fednfnr sblre gk `ns`k, eg ôrmkcb k qunec db`petk resbgver eg redursb cb hk fndtkfb y cbtnandkfb resbgudnôc expresk kg respedtb. Ec estbs dksbs, cb serë fe kpgndkdnôc gb estklgednfb respedtb k gk ncabr`kdnôc k gbs nctereskfbs feg pgkzb `ëxn`b estklgednfb pkrk gk resbgudnôc fe gbs prbdefn`nectbs y pkrk gk cbtnandkdnôc fe gbs kdtbs que ges pbcmkc tîr`ncb, ksà db`b fe gbs eaedtbs que puefk prbfudnr eg sngecdnb kf`ncnstrktnvb. Kg fndtkr eg kduerfb fe suspecsnôc pbfrëc kfbptkrse gks `efnfks dkutegkres que sekc cedeskrnks pkrk ksemurkr gk prbteddnôc feg ncterîs púlgndb b fe terderbs y gk eandkdnk fe gk resbgudnôc b eg kdtb n`pumckfb. efntbrnkg } dep
Ktecdnôc
Dukcfb fe gk suspecsnôc puefkc fernvkrse perjundnbs fe dukgquner ckturkgezk, kqueggk sbgb prbfudnrë eaedtbs prevnk prestkdnôc fe dkudnôc b mkrkctàk suandnecte pkrk respbcfer fe eggbs, ec gbs tîr`ncbs estk lgg e d n fb s r e m g k ` e c t k r n k l `ecte.
1;
@kternks db`uces. Ve`k =
Gk suspecsnôc se prbgbcmkrë fespuîs fe kmbtkfk gk vàk kf`ncnstrktnvk dukcfb, hklnîcfbgb sbgndntkfb prevnk`ecte eg nctereskfb, exnstk `efnfk dkutegkr y gbs eaedtbs fe estk se extnecfkc k gk vàk dbctecdnbsb-kf`ncnstrktnvk. Tn eg nctereskfb ncterpusnerk redursb dbctecdnbsb-kf`ncnstrktnvb, sbgndntkcfb gk suspecsnôc feg kdtb bljetb feg prbdesb, se `kctecfrë gk suspecsnôc hkstk que se prbfuzdk eg dbrrespbcfnecte prbcucdnk`nectb jufndnkg sblre gk sbgndntuf. Dukcfb eg redursb tecmk pbr bljetb gk n`pumckdnôc fe uc kdtb kf`ncnstrktnvb que kaedte k uck pgurkgnfkf ncfeter`nckfk fe persbcks, gk suspecsnôc fe su eandkdnk hklrë fe ser pulgndkfk ec eg pernôfndb bandnkg ec que kqueg se ncsertô.
a. Kufnecdnk fe gbs nctereskfbs Dukcfb hkykc fe tecerse ec duectk cuevbs hedhbs b fbdu`ectbs cb redbmnfbs ec eg expefnecte brnmnckrnb, se pbcfrëc fe `kcnanestb k gbs nctereskfbs pkrk que, ec uc pgkzb cb ncaernbr k fnez fàks cn supernbr k quncde, abr`ugec gks kgemkdnbces y presectec gbs fbdu`ectbs y justnandkctes que estn`ec prbdefectes. Cb se tecfrëc ec duectk ec gk resbgudnôc fe gbs redursbs, hedhbs, fbdu`ectbs b kgemkdnbces feg redurrecte, dukcfb hklnecfb pbfnfb kpbrtkrgbs ec eg trë`nte fe kgemkdnbces cb gb hkyk hedhb. Vk`pbdb pbfrë sbgndntkrse gk prëdtndk fe pruelks dukcfb su akgtk fe rekgnzkdnôc ec eg prbdefn`nectb ec eg que se fndtô gk resbgudnôc redurrnfk auerk n`putklge kg nctereskfb. Tn hulnerk btrbs nctereskfbs se ges fkrë, ec tbfb dksb, trksgkfb feg redursb pkrk que, ec eg pgkzb kctes dntkfb, kgemuec dukctb estn`ec prbdefecte. Eg redursb, gbs ncabr`es y gks prbpuestks cb tnecec eg dkrëdter fe fbdu`ectbs cuevbs k gbs eaedtbs fe este epàmrkae. Vk`pbdb gb tecfrëc gbs que gbs nctereskfbs hkykc kpbrtkfb kg expefnecte kctes fe redker gk resbgudnôc n`pumckfk.
m. \esbgudnôc Gk resbgudnôc feg redursb estn`krë ec tbfb b ec pkrte b fesestn`krë gks pretecsnbces abr`ugkfks ec eg `ns`b b fedgkrkrë su nckf`nsnôc. Dukcfb exnstnecfb vndnb fe abr`k cb se estn`e prbdefecte resbgver sblre eg abcfb se brfeckrë gk retrbkddnôc feg prbdefn`nectb kg `b`ectb ec eg que eg vndnb aue db`etnfb, snc perjundnb fe que evectukg`ecte puefk kdbrfkrse gk dbcvkgnfkdnôc fe kdtukdnbces pbr eg ôrmkcb db`petecte pkrk eggb. Eg ôrmkcb que resuegvk eg redursb fednfnrë dukctks duestnbces, tkctb fe abr`k db`b fe abcfb, pgkctee eg prbdefn`nectb, hkykc snfb b cb kgemkfks pbr gbs nctereskfbs. Ec este úgtn`b dksb se ges bnrë prevnk`ecte. Cb blstkcte, gk resbgudnôc serë dbcmruecte dbc gks petndnbces abr`ugkfks pbr eg redurrecte, snc s nc que ec cncmúc dksb puefk kmrkvkrse su sntukdnôc ncndnkg.
h. _gurkgnfkf fe redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs Dukcfb felkc resbgverse uck pgurkgnfkf fe redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs que trknmkc dkusk fe uc `ns`b kdtb kf`ncnstrktnvb y se hulnerk ncterpuestb uc redursb jufndnkg dbctrk uck resbgudnôc kf`ncnstrktnvk b lnec dbctrk eg dbrrespbcfnecte kdtb presuctb fesestn`ktbrnb, eg ôrmkcb kf`n1<
efntbrnkg } dep
Gbs redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs
cnstrktnvb pbfrë kdbrfkr gk suspecsnôc feg pgkzb pkrk resbgver hkstk que redknmk prbcucdnk`nectb jufndnkg. Eg kduerfb fe suspecsnôc felerë ser cbtnandkfb k gbs nctereskfbs, quneces pbfrëc redurrnrgb. Gk ncterpbsndnôc feg dbrrespbcfnecte redursb pbr uc nctereskfb cb kaedtkrë k gbs restkctes prbdefn`nectbs fe redursb que se ecduectrec suspecfnfbs pbr trker dkusk feg `ns`b kdtb kf`ncnstrktnvb. \edkàfb eg prbcucdnk`nectb jufndnkg, serë db`ucndkfb k gbs nctereskfbs y eg ôrmkcb kf`ncnstrktnvb db`petecte pkrk resbgver pbfrë fndtkr resbgudnôc snc cedesnfkf fe rekgnzkr cncmúc trë`nte kfndnbckg, skgvb eg fe kufnecdnk, dukcfb prbdefk.
;.< \edursb fe kgzkfk K. Bljetb Gks resbgudnbces y kdtbs fe trë`nte, sn estbs úgtn`bs fednfec fnredtk b ncfnredtk`ecte eg abcfb feg ksuctb, feter`nckc gk n`pbsnlngnfkf fe dbctncukr eg prbdefn`nectb, prbfudec ncfeaecsnôc b perjundnb nrrepkrklge k feredhbs e nctereses gemàtn`bs, dukcfb cb pbcmkc anc k gk vàk kf`ncnstrktnvk, pbfrëc ser redurrnfbs ec kgzkfk kcte eg ôrmkcb supernbr jerërqundb feg que gbs fndtô. K estbs eaedtbs, gbs Vrnluckges y ôrmkcbs fe segeddnôc feg persbckg kg servndnb fe gks Kf`ncnstrkdnbces _úlgndks y dukgesqunerk btrbs que, ec eg secb fe estks, kdtúec dbc kutbcb`àk aucdnbckg, se dbcsnferkrëc fepecfnectes feg ôrmkcb kg que estîc kfsdrntbs b, ec su feaedtb, feg que hkyk cb`lrkfb kg presnfecte fe gbs `ns`bs. Eg redursb pbfrë ncterpbcerse kcte eg ôrmkcb que fndtô eg kdtb que se n`pumck b kcte eg db`petecte pkrk resbgvergb. Tn eg redursb se hulnerk ncterpuestb kcte eg ôrmkcb que fndtô eg kdtb n`pumckfb, este felerë re`ntnrgb kg db`petecte ec eg pgkzb fe fnez fàks, dbc su ncabr`e y dbc uck dbpnk db`pgetk y brfeckfk feg expefnecte. Eg tntugkr feg ôrmkcb que fndtô eg kdtb redurrnfb serë respbcsklge fnredtb feg du`pgn`nectb fe gb prevnstb ec eg përrkab kcternbr.
L. _gkzbs Eg pgkzb pkrk gk ncterpbsndnôc feg redursb fe kgzkfk serë fe uc `es, sn eg kdtb auerk expresb. Vrkcsdurrnfb fndhb pgkzb snc hklerse ncterpuestb eg redursb, gk resbgudnôc serë anr`e k tbfbs gbs eaedtbs. Tn eg kdtb cb auerk expresb eg sbgndntkcte y btrbs pbsnlges nctereskfbs pbfrëc ncterpbcer redursb fe kgzkfk ec dukgquner `b`ectb k pkrtnr feg fàk snmunecte k kqueg ec que, fe kduerfb dbc su cbr`ktnvk espedàandk, se prbfuzdkc gbs eaedtbs feg sngecdnb kf`ncnstrktnvb. Eg pgkzb `ëxn`b pkrk fndtkr y cbtnandkr gk resbgudnôc serë fe tres `eses. Vrkcsdurrnfb este pgkzb snc que redknmk resbgudnôc, se pbfrë ectecfer fesestn`kfb eg redursb, skgvb ec eg efntbrnkg } dep
14
@kternks db`uces. Ve`k =
supuestb prevnstb ec eg krtàdugb <6.;, terder përrkab G_KDK_ (Eg sectnfb feg sngecdnb tk`lnîc serë fesestn`ktbrnb ec gbs prbdefn`nectbs fe n`pumckdnôc fe kdtbs y fnspbsndnbces y ec gbs fe revnsnôc fe bandnb ncndnkfbs k sbgndntuf fe gbs nctereskfbs. Cb blstkcte, dukcfb eg redursb fe kgzkfk se hkyk ncterpuestb dbctrk gk fesestn`kdnôc pbr sngecdnb kf`ncnstrktnvb fe uck sbgndntuf pbr eg trkcsdursb feg pgkzb, se ectecferë estn`kfb eg `ns`b sn, ggemkfb eg pgkzb fe resbgudnôc, eg ôrmkcb kf`ncnstrktnvb db`petecte cb fndtkse y cbtnandkse resbgudnôc expresk, sne`pre que cb se reanerk k gks `kternks ecu`erkfks ec eg përrkab kcternbr fe este kpkrtkfb). Dbctrk gk resbgudnôc fe uc redursb fe kgzkfk cb dklrë cncmúc btrb redursb kf`ncnstrktnvb, skgvb eg redursb extrkbrfnckrnb fe revnsnôc, ec gbs dksbs estklgednfbs ec eg krtàdugb ;<5.; G_KDK_.
;.4 \edursb pbtestktnvb fe repbsndnôc K. Bljetb y ckturkgezk Gbs kdtbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs que pbcmkc anc k gk vàk kf`ncnstrktnvk pbfrëc ser redurrnfbs pbtestktnvk`ecte ec repbsndnôc kcte eg `ns`b ôrmkcb que gbs hulnerk fndtkfb b ser n`pumckfbs fnredtk`ecte kcte eg brfec jurnsfnddnbckg dbctecdnbsb-kf`ncnstrktnvb. Cb se pbfrë ncterpbcer redursb dbctecdnbsb-kf`ncnstrktnvb hkstk que sek resuegtb expresk`ecte b se hkyk prbfudnfb gk fesestn`kdnôc presuctk pres uctk feg redursb fe repbsndnôc ncterpuestb. n cterpuestb.
L. _gkzbs Eg pgkzb pkrk gk ncterpbsndnôc feg redursb fe repbsndnôc serë fe uc `es, sn eg kdtb auerk expresb. Vrkcsdurrnfb fndhb pgkzb, úcndk`ecte pbfrë ncterpbcerse redursb dbctecdnbsb-kf`ncnstrktnvb, snc perjundnb, ec su dksb, fe gk prbdefecdnk feg redursb extrkbrfnckrnb fe revnsnôc. Tn eg kdtb cb auerk expresb, eg sbgndntkcte y btrbs pbsnlges nctereskfbs pbfrëc ncterpbcer redursb fe repbsndnôc ec dukgquner `b`ectb k pkrtnr feg fàk snmunecte k kqueg ec que, fe kduerfb dbc su cbr`ktnvk espedàandk, se prbfuzdk eg kdtb presuctb. Eg pgkzb `ëxn`b pkrk fndtkr y cbtnandkr gk resbgudnôc feg redursb serë fe uc `es. Dbctrk gk resbgudnôc fe uc redursb fe repbsndnôc cb pbfrë ncterpbcerse fe cuevb fndhb redursb.
;.6 \edursb extrkbrfnckrnb fe revnsnôc K. Bljetb y pgkzbs Dbctrk gbs kdtbs anr`es ec vàk kf`ncnstrktnvk pbfrë ncterpbcerse eg redursb extrkbrfnckrnb fe revnsnôc kcte eg ôrmkcb kf`ncnstrktnvb que gbs fndtô, que tk`lnîc serë eg db`petecte pkrk su resbgudnôc, dukcfb dbcdurrk kgmuck fe gks dnrducstkcdnks snmunectes: 16
efntbrnkg } dep
Gbs redursbs kf`ncnstrktnvbs
k) [ue kg fndtkrgbs se hulnerk ncdurrnfb ec errbr fe hedhb, que resugte fe gbs prbpnbs fbdu`ectbs ncdbrpbrkfbs kg expefnecte. l) [ue kpkrezdkc fbdu`ectbs fe vkgbr esecdnkg pkrk gk resbgudnôc feg ksuctb que, kucque sekc pbsternbres, evnfecdnec eg errbr fe gk resbgudnôc redurrnfk. d) [ue ec gk resbgudnôc hkykc hkykc ncagunfb esecdnkg`ecte fbdu`ectbs fbdu`ectbs b testn`bcnbs fedgkrkfbs akgsbs pbr sectecdnk jufndnkg anr`e, kcternbr b pbsternbr k kqueggk resbgudnôc. f) [ue gk resbgudnôc se hulnese fndtkfb db`b dbcseduecdnk fe prevkrndkdnôc, dbhedhb, vnbgecdnk, `kqunckdnôc arkufugectk u btrk dbcfudtk pucnlge y se hkyk fedgkrkfb ksà ec vnrtuf fe sectecdnk jufndnkg anr`e. Eg redursb extrkbrfnckrnb fe revnsnôc se ncterpbcfrë, dukcfb se trkte fe gk dkusk k) kcternbr, fectrb feg pgkzb fe duktrb kûbs snmunectes k gk aedhk fe gk cbtnandkdnôc fe gk resbgudnôc n`pumckfk. Ec gbs fe`ës dksbs, eg pgkzb serë fe tres `eses k dbctkr fesfe eg dbcbdn`nectb fe gbs fbdu`ectbs b fesfe que gk sectecdnk jufndnkg quefô anr`e. Gb estklgednfb ec eg presecte epàmrkae cb perjufndk eg feredhb fe gbs nctereskfbs k abr`ugkr gk sbgndntuf y gk ncstkcdnk k que se reanerec gbs krtàdugbs ;?1 y ;?>.< fe gk G_KDK_ (\evnsnôc fe fnspbsndnbces y kdtbs cugbs9 redtnandkdnôc fe errbres) cn su feredhb k que gks `ns`ks se sustkcs ustkcdnec y resuegvkc.
L. \esbgudnôc Eg ôrmkcb db`petecte pkrk gk resbgudnôc feg redursb pbfrë kdbrfkr `btnvkfk`ecte gk nckf`nsnôc k trë`nte, snc cedesnfkf fe redklkr fndtk`ec feg Dbcsejb fe Estkfb u ôrmkcb dbcsugtnvb fe gk Db`ucnfkf Kutôcb`k, dukcfb eg `ns`b cb se aucfe ec kgmuck fe gks dkusks prevnstks ec eg epàmrkae kcternbr b ec eg supuestb fe que se hulnesec fesestn`kfb ec dukctb kg abcfb btrbs redursbs sustkcdnkg`ecte nmukges. Eg ôrmkcb kg que dbrrespbcfe dbcbder feg redursb extrkbrfnckrnb fe revnsnôc fele prbcucdnkrse cb sbgb sblre gk prbdefecdnk feg redursb, sncb tk`lnîc, ec su dksb, sblre eg abcfb fe gk duestnôc resuegtk pbr eg kdtb redurrnfb. Vrkcsdurrnfb eg pgkzb fe tres `eses fesfe gk ncterpbsndnôc feg redursb extrkbrfnckrnb fe revnsnôc snc hklerse fndtkfb y cbtnandkfb gk resbgudnôc, se ectecferë fesestn`kfb, quefkcfb expefntk gk vàk jurnsfnddnbckg dbctecdnbsb-kf`ncnstrktnvk.
efntbrnkg } dep
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