Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes
FACULTAD DE JURISPRUDENCIA CARRERA DE DERECH ASI!NATURA" #IENES TE$A" DERECH DE USUFRUCT INTE!RANTES" CRISTIAN %U&UI #RANDN ADRIAN FERNANDA !UERRA AN!ELA CA#RERA E'EL%N E'EL %N NAR'AE( DCENTE" DR" JULI CESAR $END(A) PER*D ACAD+$IC" CTU#RE ,-./ 0 A#RIL ,-.1 Rio2am2a 0 E3uador
Contenido EL USUFRUCTO................................................................................................ 4 •
CARACTERÍSTICAS .................................................................................. 4
EL USUFRUCTO ES UN DERECHO REAL ....................................................4
ES UN DERECHO DE GOCE........................................................................5
PUEDE CONSTITUIRSE SOBRE TODO TIPO DE BIENES COMERCIABLES ....5
SE DIFERENCIA DE OTROS DERECHOS QUE IMPORTAN DISFRUTE DE UNA COSA.............................................................................................................. 5
CARGO DE CONSERVAR SU FORMA Y SUSTANCIA.....................................5
RESTITUIR AL DUEÑO SI LA COSA ES FUNGIBLE ......................................6
DEVOLVER IGUAL CANTIDAD, CALIDAD, PAGAR SU VALOR SI ESTA ES FUNGIBLE...................................................................................................... 6
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NUDO PROPIETARIO Y USUFRUCTUARIO .................................................6
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MANERAS DE CONSTITUIRSE EL USUFRUCTO ..........................................7
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DURACIÒN DEL USUFRUCTO....................................................................7
EL PLAZO Y LA CONDICIÒN DEL USUFRUCTO....................................................8 a. EL USUFRUCTO PODRÀ CONSTITUIRSE HASTA UN DETERMINADO PLAZO .......8 b. EL COMIENZO DEL USUFRUCTO NO PUEDE SUSPENDERSE POR UN PLAZO O UNA CONDICIÒN.............................................................................................. 8 c. NO OBSTANTE EL SEÑALAMIENTO DE UN PLAZO DE DURACIÒN, EL TÈRMINO DEL USUSFRUCTO PUEDE SUJETARSE TAMBIÈN A UNA CONDICIÒN ....................9 DERECHOS DEL USUFRUCTUARIO....................................................................9
DERECHO DE USO Y GOCE....................................................................9
DERECHO A DISFRUTAR DE LA COSA ....................................................9
DERECHO DE GESTIÒN.......................................................................10
DERECHO A DISPONER DEL USUFRUCTO............................................10
DERECHO A EXIGIR INDEMNIZACIÒN POR CIERTOS DETERIODOS POR LA COSA FRUCTUARIA.............................................................................. 10
DERECHO A LA RETENCIÒN................................................................ 11
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OBLIGACIONES DEL USUFRUCTUARIO. .................................................11
LA OBLIGACIÒN DE CONFECCIONAR UN INVENTARIO SOLEMNE .......11
LA OBLIGACIÒN DE RECIBIR LA COSA FRUCTUARIA EN EL ESTADO EN QUE SE ENCUENTRA.................................................................................. 11
LA OBLIGACIÒN DE CONSERVAR LA FORMA Y SUSTANCIA DE LA COSA 11
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OBLIGACIÒN DE RESTITUIR LA COSA FRUCTUARIA ...........................12
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ACCIONES UE DISPONE EL NUDO PROPIETARIO ...................................12 TERMINACIÒN DEL USUFRUCTO..............................................................12
a. POR LA LLEGADA DEL D!A O EL CUMPLIMIENTO DE LA CONDICIÒN ...........12 2
b. MUERTE DEL USUFRUCTUARIO................................................................ 12 c. LA RESOLUCIÒN DEL DERECHO DEL CONSTITUYENTE ..............................12 ". LA CONSOLIDACIÒN DEL USUFRUCTO ...................................................... 13 #. RENUNCIA DEL USUFRUCTUARIO.............................................................13 •
BIBLIOGRAFIA ........................................................................................ 13
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EL USUFRUCTO E$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( - /* a+. 001 &-/+&+*2 3* 4 El Derecho de Usufructo es un derecho real que consiste en la facultad de gozar de una cosa, con cargo de conservar su forma y sustancia, y de restituirla a su dueño, si la cosa no es fungible; o con cargo de devolver igual cantidad y calidad del mismo género, o de pagar su valor, si la cosa es fungible.5.
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EL USUFRUCTO ES UN DERECHO REAL
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ES UN DERECHO DE GOCE
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PUEDE CONSTITUIRSE COMERCIABLES
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SE DIFERENCIA DE OTROS DERECHOS QUE IMPORTAN DISFRUTE DE UNA COSA. E/+a "-c&a a"&ca - 3*, $ */*#*c+( :(/ *- "c6( a$ /(b $a c(/a, a "-c&a "$ c(8("a+( 2 a-"a8&-+( 3* :(/- *- "c6( :/(-a$ /(b $a c(/a, /+(/ /*' " $a $ac&%- c(-+ac+*a$ /+ab$c&"( c(- /* :(:&+a&(, :( 78:$( Ma
CARGO DE CONSERVAR SU FORMA Y SUSTANCIA
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RESTITUIR AL DUEÑO SI LA COSA ES FUNGIBLE E$ */*#*c+( -( :*" / +a$ /& $a c(/a -( / -c*-+a - :(//&%- "$ */*#*c+*a&(, /+ -( / "#&-&+&)( /&-( $&8&+a"(, / "c&, 3* - *- c(+( 8(8-+( /+ "b / '/a"( a /* "*(, - +a$ ca/( $ */*#*c+( /*:(- *- $<8&+ a/< $( ;:/a $ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( - /* a+. 00 2 "&c 4 el usufructo tiene una duración limitada 5, :( $$a $a /+&+*c&%- /+@ /*7+a a *- :$a=(, 2 /(b +("( a *- c*8:$&8&-+(.
DEVOLVER IGUAL CANTIDAD, CALIDAD, PAGAR SU VALOR SI ESTA ES FUNGIBLE S& c("a8(/, $a/ c(/a/ #*-'&b$/ / $a /&8&$a&"a" '-&ca " $a/ c(/a/ -+ /< )&+*" " /*/ caac+/ c(8*-/. E- /& $a/ c(/a/ #*-'&b$/ /(- c(-/*8&b$/, :( -( +("a/, 2 c*a-"( /+( / 6a "a"( $ */*#*c+*a&( / $&ba " /+a, -+'a-"( a$ ac"( (+a c(/a "$ 8&/8( '-(, ca-+&"a" 2 ca$&"a", $ a+. 001 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( "&c 4 El Derecho de Usufructo es un derecho real que consiste en la facultad de gozar de una cosa, con cargo de conservar su forma y sustancia, y de restituirla a su dueño, si la cosa no es fungible; o con cargo de devolver igual cantidad y calidad del mismo género , o de pagar su valor, si la cosa es fungible .5 P( - c(-#(8&"a" c(- $ 8&/8(
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NUDO PROPIETARIO Y USUFRUCTUARIO E$ a+. 00 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( /+ab$c 3* 4 El usufructo supone necesariamente dos derechos coeistentes, el del !UD" #$"#%E&'$%" y el del U(U)$U*&U'$%"+ &iene, por consiguiente, una duración limitada, al cabo de la cual pasa al nudo propietario, y se consolida con la propiedad+ , $ :(:&+a&( :(/ $
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2
F&-a$8-+ $ :a@'a#( /'*-"( "$ a+. 00 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( c(-/&'-a " 8("( ;:/( $a +a-/&+(&"a" " $a #&'*a, c*a-"( ;:(- 3* $ */*#*c+( :(/ *-a "*ac&%- $&8&+a"a, a$ cab( " $a c*a$ :a/a a$ -*"( :(:&+a&( c(-/($&"@-"(/ c(- $a :(:&"a", / "c& 3* a$ *-&/ :a/a- a #(8a :$-a8-+ $(/ "c6(/ "(8&-&ca$/.
MANERAS DE CONSTITUIRSE EL USUFRUCTO E$ a+ 01 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( /+ab$c 3* 4 El derecho de usufructo se puede constituir.+ #or la ley, como el padre de familia sobre ciertos bienes del hi/o; 0+ #or testamento; 1+ #or donación, venta u otro acto entre vivos; y, 2+ (e puede también adquirir un usufructo por prescripción+
E$ :&8 8("( " /+ab$c$( po !" !#$, /+a c(-c" ;c:c&(-a$8-+ $ a:()c6a8&-+( " $(/ b&-/, - c*a-+( a #*+(/ " c&+a/ :/(-a/ a "+8&-a"(/ c(-/a-'*<-(/, )8(/ c(8( / -(+a - $ 78:$( 3* / -c*-+a - $ -*8a$ *-(, -( (b/+a-+ a$'*-(/ 7*&/+a/ c*/+&(-a- 3* $ */*#*c+( $'a$ /a *- )"a"( "c6( a$ "$ */*#*c+(, "b&"( a 3* /+a / a$7a (+*-"a8-+ " )a&(/ ;+8(/ " +&:&c&"a", $ab(a"a :( $a $2 :( $a #&'*a '-a$, /:c&a$8-+ :(3* $ +&+*$a cac " $a #ac*$+a" " :/'*& $ 7c&c&( " +a$ "c6( c(-+a c*a$3*& :/(-a 3* :(/a $a c(/a #*c+*a&a. Po %#&%"'#(%o, c(8&-=a a :*-+*a$&=a $(/ ca/(/ " */*#*c+( )($*-+a&( ( c(-)-c&(-a$ 2 /a$a c(8( :&8( $ #*-"a"( :( ca*/a " 8*+ ( /a +/+a8-+a&a8-+, :( a=%- "$ +/+a8-+( :*" c(-/+&+*&/ $ */*#*c+(, c("&)/(/ 8a+&c/ a/< c(8( $ +/+a"( :*" 6ac$( /(b $a +(+a$&"a", *-a c*(+a " $$a, ( *-a ( 8@/ /&-'*$a&=a"a/, $(/ "(/ :&8(/ c(-/+&+*2- $a 6-c&a, 2 $a $+&8a $ $'a"(. D &'*a$ 8a-a, $ +/+a"(, :( (+a :a+, :*" a )($*-+a" /+ab$c *- */*#*c+( a b-#&c&( " *-a :/(-a 2 a/&'-a $a -*"a :(:&"a" a (+a. Po )o("*+( , / /+ab$c $ */*#*c+(, :( ac+( -+ )&)(/ c(8( c*a$3*& c$a/ " 8("a$&"a" c(-+ac+*a$. U-a " $a/ #(8a/ 8@/ c(8*-/ " /+ab$c $ */*#*c+(, / a +a)/ " $a -a7-ac&%- - $a 3* / :/-+a *-a +&:$ :(/&b&$&"a" . E$ -a7-a-+ +a-/#& $a -*"a :(:&"a" " $a c(/a, 2 / /)a $ */*#*c+(, /+ ca/(, ;&/+ $ 8("( -a7-a+(&( /&-( 8@/ b&- " /&8:$ +-c&%- "$ */*#*c+(. K. La 6&:%+/&/ c(-+a&a $ :(:&+a&( )-" $ */*#*c+( 2 / /)a $a -*"a :(:&"a". . S -a7-a $a :(:&"a" - b-#&c&( " *-a :/(-a 2 $ */*#*c+( a #a)( " (+a. F&-a$8-+, $ -*8a$ c*a+( :*" c(-/+&+*&/ $ "c6( " */*#*c+( po p#&*+p*+( , $( 3* (b)&a8-+ +-"@ $*'a a :a+& " $a :(//&%- " /+ "c6(. C(-#(8 a$ a+
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DURACIÒN DEL USUFRUCTO E$ a+. 00 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( - /* :a@'a#( /'*-"( ;:/a $( /&'*&-+ 4&iene, por consiguiente, una duración limitada, al cabo de la cual pasa al nudo propietario, y se consolida con la propiedad 5, $ */*#*c+( / /-c&a$8-+ +8:(a$, - c*a-+( a /* "*ac&%- /+@ $&8&+a"a :( $ +&8:( 3* /a$ $ c(-/+&+*2-+ ( :( $a )&"a "$ */*#*c+*a&(, c*a-"( - $a c(-/+&+*c&%- "$ */*#*c+( -( / #&7a +&8:( a$'*-( :aa /* "*ac&%-, /+a / -+-"@ c(-/+&+*&"a :( +("a $a )&"a "$ */*#*c+*a&(, c*8:$&"a $a 8&/8a / &-+'a a$ -*"( :(:&+a&(, 2 c(8( $( ;:/a8(/ / c(-/($&"a c(- $a :(:&"a", - /+ a+
EL PLAZO Y LA CONDICIÒN DEL USUFRUCTO E$ */*#*c+( :*" c(-/+&+*&/ :*a 2 /&8:$8-+, /&- -&-'*-a " $a/ 8("a$&"a"/ 3* a#c+- a $a 8&/8a, a/< $ */*#*c+*a&( :*" acc" " *-a 8a-a @:&"a &-8"&a+a, $ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( /+ab$c 3* :("@ c(-/+&+*&/ *-a c(-"&c&%/'- $ a+. 01 4 'l usufructo constituido por tiempo determinado o por toda la vida del usufructuario, seg4n los art5culos precedentes, podr3 agregarse una condición, verificada la cual se consolide con la propiedad+ (i la condición no se cumpliere antes de la epiración de dicho tiempo o antes de la muerte del usufructuario, seg4n los casos, se mirar3 como no escrita 5. D /+a 8a-a, $a c(-"&c&%- / /*7+a a c&+a/
'$a/
". EL USUFRUCTO PODR/ CONSTITUIRSE HASTA UN DETERMINADO PLAZO E$ */*#*c+( :(/ *-a "*ac&%- $&8&+a"a, :( $( +a-+( :("@ c(-/+&+*&/ :( *- :$a=( "+8&-a"(, :( /& $ c(-/+&+*2-+ -( 6a /a$a"( :$a=( /+( / +(8a@ :( +("a $a )&"a "$ */*#*c+*a&(.
0. EL COMIENZO DEL USUFRUCTO NO PUEDE SUSPENDERSE POR UN PLAZO O UNA CONDICIÒN E$ a+. 01K "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( /+ab$c 3* 4 (e proh5be constituir usufructo ba/o una condición o a un plazo cualquiera que suspenda su e/ercicio .5, c*a$3*& b&3* / 6a$$ c(-/+&+*&"( :( c(-"&c&%- ( :$a=( -( +&- )a$( a$'*-(, /&- 8ba'( 2
c(-#(8 a$ a+. 01K :a@'a#( /'*-"( "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( "&c 3*, 4 *on todo, si el usufructo se constituyere por testamento, y la condición se hubiere cumplido, o el plazo hubiere epirado antes del fallecimiento del testador, valdr3 el usufructo5.
La c(-"&c&%- )a$"@ -&ca8-+ - /+(/ "(/ ca/(/ I. S+ !o *o(&%+%1$## po %#&%"'#(%o , :( 78:$( D7( $ */*#*c+( " 8& 8:/a 4Sa-+a T/a5 a 8& 6&7(, /& / 'a"a " "(c+(5. II. Y &+ !" *o()+*+( 210+## *1'p!+)o , ( $ :$a=( 6*b& ;:&a"( a-+/ "$ #a$$c&8&-+( "$ +/+a"( - $ 8&/8( 78:$( a-+&( /& /* 6&7( / 6*b& 'a"*a"( a-+/ " $a 8*+ "$ +/+a"(.
*. NO OBSTANTE EL SEÑALAMIENTO DE UN PLAZO DE DURACIÒN, EL T3RMINO DEL USUSFRUCTO PUEDE SU4ETARSE TAMBI3N A UNA CONDICIÒN E$ */*#*c+( /&8: 3*"a "+8&-a"( :( *- :$a=(, /+ :*" / &8:*/+( :( $ c(-/+&+*2-+, ( :( $a 8*+ "$ */*#*c+*a&(. A"8@/, $a $2 -(/ :8&+ c(8:$8-+a $ */*#*c+( c(- *-a c(-"&c&%- " c*2( c*8:$&8&-+( ":-"a $a /($*c&%- "$ 8&/8(, :( 78:$( "7( $ */*#*c+( " 8& ;:/a 4La L(7a-&+a5 a Ma
DERECHOS DEL USUFRUCTUARIO DERECHO DE USO Y GOCE S& $8(/ a+-+a8-+ $ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-(, /+ "c6( / *-( " $(/ " 8a2( &8:(+a-c&a "b&"( a 3* / *-a :(+/+a" :&-c&:a$ :aa $ a:()c6a8&-+( " $(/ #*+(/, a"8@/, $ */*#*c+*a&( +&- "c6( " "&/#*+a " $a c(/a >*/*/. S&8ba'(, /+ "c6( &8:$&ca $a +--c&a " $a c(/a #*c+*a&a, a*-3* -( /* :(//&%-, "b&"( 3* -( :*" 6ab */( /&- /* a:("a8&-+( 8a+&a$ " $a 8&/8a. C$a( S($a 8-c&(-a a$ /:c+( 4 el usufructo consiste en la facultad de gozar de una cosa con cargo de conservar su forma y sustancia y de restituirla a su dueño 5, 8a-&/+a 3* $ */*#*c+*a&( / 3*&- "b +- $a c(/a, "/" $ 8&/8( 8(8-+( 3* "b / /+&+*&"a a /* "*(, a"8@/ $ &*/ *+-"& "$ */*#*c+*a&( / :c&b 3* "b /)&/ " $$a /'- /* -a+*a$=a 2 "/+&-(.
DERECHO A DISFRUTAR DE LA COSA
2
E$ "c6( " "&/#*+a " $a c(/a ( +a8b&- $$a8a"( $ &*/ #*-"&, :/-+a $a a=%" / "$ */*#*c+(, /+ / $ c(-+-&"( /-c&a$ "$ 8&/8(, $ */*#*c+*a&( +&- $a #ac*$+a" " '(=a $a c(/a, c(- ca'( " c(-/)a /* #(8a 2 /*/+a-c&a, /+ "c6( c(-+8:$a $a #ac*$+a" " 6ac/ "*( " $(/ #*+(/ -a+*a$/ 2 c&)&$/ " $a c(/a, /'/* -a+*a$=a. L(/ #*+(/ -a+*a$/ :+-c- a$ */*#*c+*a&( "/" 3* $(/ :c&b, / "c&, "$ 8(8-+( 3* $(/ /:aa " $a c(/a #*c+*a&a. E$ a+ 0 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( "&c c(- /:c+(, c(/:(-"- a$ */*#*c+*a&( $(/ #*+(/ -a+*a$/ 3* / -c(-+aba :-"&-+/ a$ c(8-=a $ */*#*c+(9 2 3* - ca8b&( -( $ :+-c- $(/ 3* 3*"a :-"&-+/ a /* +8&-ac&%-, " $(/ c*a$/ $ "*( / /* :(:&+a&(. E- $ ca/( " $(/ #*+(/ c&)&$/, $$(/ :+-c- a$ */*#*c+*a&(, 2 /+( / 6ac- /*2(/ +("(/ $(/ 3* ")-'a- "*a-+ $ */*#*c+(.
DERECHO DE GESTIÒN S ba/a - $a/ :(+/+a"/ a"8&-&/+a+&)a/ 3* :8&+- (b+- " $$a $ 8@;&8( " $(/ b-#&c&(/ c(/:(-"&-+/ a /* -a+*a$=a 2 "/+&-( c(-%8&c(, $ */*#*c+*a&( :(/ $ "c6( " */( 2 "&/#*+, 2 a8b(/ /(- &-"&/:-/ab$/ :aa $ */*#*c+*a&(, +a8b&$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( "&/:(- $ "c6( " a"8&-&/+a /+ b&-, c(- /* (b$&'ac&%- " c(-/)a /* #(8a 2 /*/+a-c&a, 2 c*8:$& c(- +("a/ $a/ (b$&'ac&(-/. E$ :a@'a#( #&-a$ "$ a+. 0 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( ;:/a 3* 4 el usufructuario podr3, en todo el tiempo, reclamar la administración, prestando la caución a que est3 obligado+ 6ientras no rinda la caución y termine el inventario solemne, tendr3 el propietario la administración, con cargo de dar el valor l5quido de los frutos al usufructuario , /+ "c6( " '/+&%- / +a+a /:c<#&ca8-+ 3* $
*/*#*c+*a&( :*"a a$&=a c*a$3*& -'(c&( 7*<"&c( " a3*$$(/ c(-/&"a"(/ c(8( :*a8-+ a"8&-&/+a+&)(, c(8( $a c(-+a+ac&%- " :(-/ :aa $a c(/c6a, "a $ b&- a-"a8&-+( :aa a/< (b+- /*/ #*+(/ c&)&$/.
DERECHO A DISPONER DEL USUFRUCTO E$ */*#*c+( :*" c"/ :( ac+( -+ )&)(/, a +<+*$( (-(/( ( a +<+*$( 'a+*&+(, ;:/a8-+ /+( / "a - $ ca/( "$ a-"a8&-+( " $a c(/a #*c+*a&a, :( $( 3* /+ / *-a #ac*$+a" "$ */*#*c+*a&(. Ta8b&- +&- $a #ac*$+a" " 6&:(+ca $ */*#*c+(, /+ ca /(b b&-/ &-8*b$/ c(8( $( ;:/a $a $2.
DERECHO A EXIGIR INDEMNIZACIÒN DETERIODOS POR LA COSA FRUCTUARIA
POR
CIERTOS
E$ a+. 011 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( 8-c&(-a 4 El usufructuario est3 obligado a recibir la cosa en que est3 constituido el usufructo en el estado en que al tiempo de la delación se encuentre, y tendr3 derecho para ser indemnizado de todo menoscabo o deterioro que la cosa haya sufrido desde entonces en poder y por culpa del propietario5, $ 8&/8( a+
&-"8-&=a"( :( $ "+&(( /*#&"( a $a c(/a #*c+*a&a, a$ 8(8-+( "$ ca'( - $ 3* +*)( $*'a.
2
DERECHO A LA RETENCIÒN E$ */*#*c+*a&( +&- $ "c6( " +- $a c(/a "a"a - */*#*c+(, /+( / "a :( $a /'*&"a" 6a/+a 3* $ :(:&+a&( &-"8-&c a$ */*#*c+*a&( :( $(/ "a(/ (ca/&(-a"(/ a $a c(/a #*c+*a&a. •
OBLIGACIONES DEL USUFRUCTUARIO.
E$ */*#*c+*a&( /+@ /(8+&"( a $a/ /&'*&-+/ (b$&'ac&(-/
LA OBLIGACIÒN DE CONFECCIONAR UN INVENTARIO SOLEMNE E$ a+. 01 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( c(-#& $a (b$&'ac&%- "$ */*#*c+*a&( a c(-#& *- &-)-+a&( /($8- a /* c(/+a, #-+ a $a +--c&a " $a c(/a $ */*#*c+*a&( /+@ (b$&'a"( a a -"& *-a ca*c&%- /*#&c&-+ 2 b a$&=a *- &-)-+a&( /($8- "$ (b7+( #*c+*a&(, / "a c(- $ #&- " '&/+a 8&-*c&(/a8-+ $a c*a-+&cac&%-, /+a"( 2 8@/ c(-"&c&(-/ - 3* $a c&b, a"8@/, /+a ca*c&%- /+ab$c *-a 'aa-+
/* )a$(.
LA OBLIGACIÒN DE RECIBIR LA COSA FRUCTUARIA EN EL ESTADO EN QUE SE ENCUENTRA E/+a (b$&'ac&%- / #& a$ /+a"( - 3* / -c*-+a $a c(/a #*c+*a&a a$ +&8:( " $a "$ac&%- "$ */*#*c+(, 2 $a #ac*$+a" 3* $ */*#*c+*a&( a/*8a $a +--c&a " $a c(/a :aa 7c "&c6( "c6(. E$ */*#*c+( c(-/+&+*2 *-a $ac&%- 7*<"&ca, "&c+a 2 :$-a, 2a 3* -&-'*-a :/(-a :*" &-+)-&, a''a $ 8&/8( a+)&/a"( a-+&(8-+. S&- 8ba'( /+a -&ca8-+, -( +&- 3* ) c(- $ /+a"( 8a+&a$ " $a c(/a /&-( /* $ac&%- 7*<"&ca, :( $( 3* $ */*#*c+*a&( +&- $a (b$&'ac&%- " /:+a /*/ a&-"(/ c(-+a+a"(/ :( $ :(:&+a&( a-+/ " c(-/+&+*&/ $ */*#*c+( :( ac+( -+ )&)(/.
LA OBLIGACIÒN DE CONSERVAR LA FORMA Y SUSTANCIA DE LA COSA E/+a (b$&'ac&%- /'- a$'*-(/ a*+(/, c(-$$)a $a -c/&"a" " 8a-+- +a-+( $a /+*c+*a ;+-a c(8( &-+-a " $a c(/a #*c+*a&a, 2 :( $( +a-+( "b / c*8:$&"( 2
caba$8-+. S'- $ "c6( (8a-( $ 4/a$)a *8 /*b/+a-c&a5 / #& :&-c&:a$8-+ a $a -c/&"a" " c(-/)a $ )a$( ac+*a$ 2 :(+-c&a$ " $a c(/a, " 8a-a 3* $ */*#*c+*a&( -( :*" "/+&-a$a a *-a #&-a$&"a" 3* c(8:(8+a /* -"&8&-+( -(8a$, ac+*a$8-+ $ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-( / &-c$&-a :( $a c(-/)ac&%- - $a #(8a 2 /*/+a-c&a " $a c(/a, a/< $( "8*/+a - $ ca/( " $a 6"a", $a 8&/8a / ;+&-" a $(/ b(/3*/ 2 ab($a"(/.
OBLIGACIÒN DE RESTITUIR LA COSA FRUCTUARIA E/+a (b$&'ac&%- / -c*-+a - $a $2, $ */*#*c+*a&( "b@ /+&+*& $a c(/a #*c+*a&a a$ -*"( :(:&+a&( *-a )= c(-c$*&"( $ */*#*c+(, $8-+( /-c&a$ " /+ "c6(, a-+&(8-+ 8-c&(-a"( - $(/ caac+/ "$ */*#*c+(. A/< 8&/8( 3*"a (b$&'a"( a /+&+*& $a/ c(/a/ #*-'&b$/, - &'*a$ ca-+&"a", )a$(, ca$&"a" 2 '-(, ( :a'a /* )a$(. •
ACCIONES QUE DISPONE EL NUDO PROPIETARIO
C(8( / $ "c6( " "(8&-&( /(b $a c(/a "a"a - */*#*c+(, $ -*"( :(:&+a&( "&/:(- " $a acc&%- &)&-"&ca+(&a 2 " $a/ acc&(-/ :(//(&a/ 3* c(/:(-"- a$ :(:&+a&( 2 :(/"( /:c+&)a8-+, 2 / $(/ )@ 8@/ a"$a-+.
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TERMINACIÒN DEL USUFRUCTO
La/ ca*/a$/ :aa $a +8&-ac&%- "$ */*#*c+( / -c*-+a- /a$a"a/ - $(/ a+/. 11, 1, 1K, 1K, 1KK, 1K "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-(9 :( $a $$'a"a "$ "
". POR LA LLEGADA DEL D5A O EL CUMPLIMIENTO DE LA CONDICIÒN D c(-#(8&"a" a$ a+. 11 "$ C%"&'( C&)&$ Ec*a+(&a-(, $ */*#*c+( / ;+&-'* '-a$8-+ :( $a $$'a"a "$ "
0. MUERTE DEL USUFRUCTUARIO E$ */*#*c+( / *- "c6( a$, 2 / /+ab$c - c(-/&"ac&%- " $a :/(-a "$ */*#*c+*a&(, - $ ca/( " $a "*ac&%- "$ */*#*c+( / $( :*" c(-/+&+*& :aa +("a $a )&"a "$ */*#*c+*a&( ( /* 8*+ :(- #&- a$ */*#*c+(.
*. LA RESOLUCIÒN DEL DERECHO DEL CONSTITUYENTE
2
La /($*c&%- / $ #c+( ;+&-+&)( " *- "c6( :()(ca"( :( $ c*8:$&8&-+( " c(-"&c&%- /($*+(&a, $( 3* / a:$&cab$ a$ */*#*c+(, :( 78:$(, c*a-"( $ */*#*c+( / 6a c(-/+&+*&"( /(b *-a :(:&"a" #&"*c&a&a, 2 $$'a $ ca/( " $a /+&+*c&%-.
). LA CONSOLIDACIÒN DEL USUFRUCTO S "-(8&-a c(-/($&"ac&%-, a $a *-&%- "$ */*#*c+( c(- $a -*"a :(:&"a" - *-a 8&/8a :/(-a. E/+a c(-/($&"ac&%- / a$&=a c*a-"( $ */*#*c+*a&( 2a -( $( /, /&-( :a/a a / :(:&+a&( :$-( 2 ab/($*+( "$ b&-, /+( / $( a$&=a :( +a-/8&/&%6-c&a ( :( +<+*$( +a/$a+&c&( " "(8&-&(.
6. RENUNCIA DEL USUFRUCTUARIO N*/+a $'&/$ac&%- ac:+a, 3* $ +&+*$a " *- "c6( :*"a -*-c&a, aba-"(-a$( $&b8-+ ( :( ac+( *-&$a+a$, /&8: 3* /a $'a$8-+ ca:a= 2 /* -*-c&a /a " #(8a &-"&)&"*a$, /+a -*-c&a a"8&+ #(8a/ "&)/a/ " c(-/&'-a$a )ba$8-+, :( /c&+(, 2 " 8a-a +@c&+a, /+a / &)(cab$.
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BIBLIOGRAFIA
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CÒDIGO CIIL ECUATORIANO, E"&+(a Nac&(-a$
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LARREA HOLGUIN, J*a-, DERECHO CIIL DEL ECUADOR LOS BIENES Y LA POSESIÒN, Tca E"&c&%-, K :@'&-a/. OSSORIO, Ma-*$, >, DICCIONARIO DE CIENCIAS JUR!DICAS POL!TICAS Y SOCIALES, E"&+(&a$ H$&a/+a S.R.L, :@'&-a/. PARRAGUEZ RUIZ, L*&/, MANUAL DE DERECHO CIIL ECUATORIANO, ($*8- II, K :@'&-a/. RIAS CADENA, L(-a"(, DERECHO CIIL, T(8( II, K :@'&-a/
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