IAMARRNF IAMA RRNF FICZZAON@LF
Laficrrlaon` bnsfasfs Ptfgakc Iastrakofmc, Nmarna Mazzarfs`ln, Zaggafmf Makbcm
BFGNKNXNCKF
@ckbnznckn `arattfrnzzatf ba uk„amtfraznckf bfm snstfia ficstatn`c `lf bftfrinka ma prfbnspcsnznckf ab ficrraonf, `lf, a sf`ckba bfmma oravntä bfmma `ckbnznckf, sn pcssckc iakngfstarf nk c``asnckf bn trauin iaooncrn, mnfvn c spcktakfaifk spcktakfaifktf. tf. NK@NBFKXA NK@NB FKXA FB FXNCTARCOFKFPN FXNCTARCOFKFPN
Ma orak partf bfmmf snkbrcin ficrraon`lf `lf sn iakngfstakc nk ftä pfbnatrn`a ì bn crnonkf ofkftn`a5 `nr`a m„
Ì utnmf vamutarf8 • ftä bn `ciparsa bfn prnin sakounkaifktn sakounkaifktn55 • tnpc, burata burata fb fktntä bfm bfm sakounkaifktc5 sakounkaifktc5
• fvfktuamn gattcrn s`atfkaktn5 • akaikfsn gainmnarf f ifstruamf bfmmf bckkf nk ftä gfrtnmf bfmma gainomna5 • fvfktuamf assukznckf assukznckf bn bn garia`n attnvn attnvn sum snstfia snstfia ficstatn`c. ficstatn`c. PNKRCIN F PFOKN
Mf `arattfrnstn`lf `mnkn`lf bnpfkbckc bam tnpc bn bngfttc rfspcksajnmf bfmma patcmcona. Kfn bngfttn `lf nktfrfssakc m„ficstasn prniarna (bngfttn bn abfsnckf f/c aoorfoaznckf pnastrnkn`a, iamattna bn vck _nmmfjrakb), mf iakngfstaznckn ficrraon`lf (tnpn`aifktf pftf``lnf fb f``lnicsn bn pn``cmf bnifksnckn kfmmf gcrif pnþ `ciukn, ifkc oravn), nktfrfssakc prfvamfktf prfva mfktfifktf ifktf `utf f iu`c iu`csf. sf. Tcss Tcssckc ckc vfrn` vfrn`arsn arsn ak`lf sako sakounkai unkaifktn fktn `cif fpnstassn, ifkcrraonf, fiaturna fb ficrraonf oastrcnktfstnkamn. Nm scspfttc bnaokcstn`c puú kas`frf ak`lf bam rns`cktrc bn sakounkaifktn prcmukoatn a sfountc bn nktfrvfktn `lnruron`n, quamn tcksnmmf`tcina, abfabfkcnbf`tcina c fstraznckn bfktarnf. Kfn bngfttn bfmm„ficstasn bcvutf a bf`nt bfn gattcrn bfmma `caoumaznckf (quamn sckc mf ficmnf) ì `ciukf nm rns`cktrc akaikfstn`c bn ficrraonf prcvc`atf prcvc`a tf scprattu scprattuttc ttc ba trauin inkcrn a `arn`c bn artn`cmazn artn`cmaznckn ckn f ius`cm ius`cmnn f/c bn ficrraonf prcgckbf spcktakff. Pn pcssckc prfsfktarf ak`lf `ck orakbn f``lnicsn, fiatcin ius`cmarn fb fiartrn, `lf nkscrockc ofkframifktf a partnrf bam prnic akkc bn vnta, scprattuttc kfmma gasf bn nknznc bfmma bfaijumaznckf. RFPR BNAOKCPRN@N KFMMF IAMARRNF FICZZAON@LF
Ma bnaokcsn rn`lnfbf nm bcsaoonc bfmmc spf`n`c gattcrf `caoumatnvc. Fssa puú fssfrf crnfktata, tuttavna, ban tfst bnaokcstn`n ”bn prnic mnvfmmc’. Icmtn bn qufstn rnsfktckc, kfmma bfknznckf bfn mnintn bn kcriamntä, bfmma iftcbn`a utnmnzzata bam snkocmc majcratcrnc. Rra n tfst prnk`npamn rn`crbnaic8 Rnpc bn fsaif
Wamcrn kcriamn
Bngfttn fspmcratn
@ckta pnastrnkn`a
164.444-264.444/ii` Znbuznckf bfm kuifrc bfmmf pnastrnkf pfr bngfttc bn prcbuznckf c f``fssnva bnstruznckf
Rfipc bn ficrraona (c sakounkaifktc c Nvy)
0-> inkutn
Pf amtfratc nkbn`a uk bfgn`nt bfmm„ficstasn prniarna (vfbn pnastrnkcpatnf/pfknf, iamattna bn vck _nmmfjrakb) (sfouf)
Rnpc bn fsaif
Wamcrn kcriamn
Bngfttn fspmcratn
Rfipc bn trcijnka
17-1< sf`ckbn
Ammukoatc nk `asc bn bfgn`nt quamntatnvn c quaktntatnvn bfm gnjrnkcofkc c pfr prfsfkza bn uka nknjnznckf bfm kcriamf if``aknsic bn pcmnifrnzzaznckf bfmma gnjrnka (tfrapna `ck fparnka, prfsfkza bn prcbcttn bn bforabaznckf bfm gnjrnkcofkc)
Rfipc bn prctrcijnka (TR) 14-10 sf`ckbn (vnfkf vamutatc ak`lf `cif % bn attnvntä c `cif NKZ)
Wamuta ma vna fstrnksf`a. Ì ammukoatc nk `asc bn bfgn`nt b fgn`nt bfn gattcrn NN, W, W, WNN f/c \. Ì utnmf kfm ickntcraoonc bfmma tfrapna aktn`caoumaktf cramf pfr`lî sfksnjnmf amma `arfkza bfn gattcrn `caoumatnvn vntainka E bnpfkbfktn (NN, WNN, N\ f \)
Rfipc bn trcijcpmastnka parznamf attnvata (aTRR)
Wamuta ma vna nktrnksf`a8 gattcrf \NN, prf`ammn`rfnkaa f `lnknkcofkc ab amtc prf`ammn`rfnk pfsc icmf`cmarf, gattcrn \N, N\ fb WNNN, cmtrf an gattcrn bfmma vna `ciukf (\, NN, W)
:7-06 sf`ckbn
Iamattna bn vck _nmmfjrakb
Ì nm pnþ `ciukf bnscrbnkf frfbntarnc bfmm„ficstasn. @cmpns`f nkgattn 18144/644 jaijnkn bn fktraijn n sfssn. Ì bftfrinkata ba uk bngfttc bn snktfsn bfm gattcrf bn vck _nmmfjrakb, bcvutc ab uk„amtfraznckf bfm suc ofkf mc`amnzzatc sum `rcicscia 1:. Bam puktc bn vnsta `mnkn`c rn`ckcs`naic bnvfrsf gcrif. M„frfbntarnftä ì bn tnpc auauê Rnpc 18 `cstntuns`f pnþ bfm ?4% bfn `asn. M„frfbntarnftä tcscin`c bcinkaktf f ma iamattna ì prfsfktf ak`lf nk ftfrcznocsn pfr bngfttc parznamf bfm gattcrf. Pn puú assc`narf uk mnfvf bf`nt bfm gattcrf WNNN. Ma `ckta pnastrnkn`a ì kcriamf, ifktrf vn ì uk auifktc bfm tfi pc bn sakounkaifktc. sakounkaifktc. M„attnvn M„attnvntä tä bfm `cgattcrf rnstc`ftnkn`c rnstc`ftnkn`c (`lf tfsta m„aoomutnkaznckf bfmmf pnastrnkf nkbctta bamma rnstc`ftnka) ì rnbctta. ê Rnpc :8 16-:4% bfn `asn. Nm bf`nt bfm gattcrf bn vck _nmmfjrakb ì quamntatnvc. Kf rn`ckcs`naic bnvfrsn scttctnpn (:A, :J, :K, :I) a sf`ckba bfmma `apa`ntä bfmmf pnastrnkf bn aoorfoarf nk vntrc, bfmma icbamntä bn trasinssnckf f bfmmc spf`n`c bngfttc icmf`cmarf. ê Rnpc 08 ì icmtc rarc, trasifssc trasifssc `ck icbamntä autcscin`a rf`fssnva. rf`fssnva. Ì ma gcria pnþ sfvfra bfmma iamattna fb ì bcvuta ab uka `ckbnznckf bn cicznocsn. Nm gattcrf vck _nmmfjrakb f m„attnvntä bfm `cgattcrf rnrn stc`ftnkn`c sckc pratn`aifktf nkbcsajnmn. Pfvfraifktf rnbcttc rnsumta ak`lf nm gattcrf WNNN. Ma bnatfsn ficrraon`a ì tnpn`aifktf ab fsprfssnckf iu`c`utakfa. M„f pnstassn (pnþ grfqufktf kfmm„nkgakzna `ck rforfssnckf kfmma pujfrtä) f ma
iftrcrraona sckc n snktcin pnþ `ciukn. Pn pcssckc vfrn`arf f``lnicsn spcktakff c sakounkaifktn bcpc fstraznckn bfktarnf, bcpc trauin jakamn, sakounkaifktn prcmukoatn bcpc taomn, ficrraonf pcst-partui, `ci pmn`akzf ficrraon`lf bcpc nktfrvfktn `lnruron`n, ficrraonf bfm trattc oastrcfktfrn`c. Kfmmf gcrif pnþ oravn (:K f tnpc 0) sn puú iakngfstarf uka snktciatcmcona sninmf amm„ficmna (fiatcin ius`cmarn fb fiartrn). Bnaokcsn
Akaikfsn pfrsckamf f gainmnarf Ammukoaifktc bfmm„aTRR Ammukoaifktc bfm bfm tfipc bn sakounkaifktc sakounkaifktc Bcsaoonc bfm gattcrf vck _nmmfjrakb aktnofkf * Bcsaoonc bfmm„attnvntä bfmm„attnvntä bfm `cgattcrf `cgattcrf rnstc`ftnkn`c Bcsaoonc bfm gattcrf WNNN
§ § § § § §
* Ì nipcrtaktf `cksnbfrarf `lf n mnvfmmn pmasiatn`n bfm v_G sckc kcriamifktf nkgfrncrn kfn scoofttn bn oruppc sakounokc 4. Rfrapna
Ma bfsicprfssnka (I/BBA (I /BBAWT WT)) ì utnmf scprattuttc kfm tnpc 1 f ifkc fg`a`f kfm tnpc :. Fssa bftfrinka uk rnmas`nc nk `nr`cmc fktrc 16-04 inkutn bfm gattcrf rfsnbuc kfmmf `fmmumf fkbctfmnamn f kfmmf pnastrnkf. Ramf fggfttc, prnia bn nknz nknznarf narf ma tfrap tfrapna, na, vnfk vnfkff vfrn vfrn`atc `atc kfn snko snkocmn cmn paznf paznfktn, ktn, attra attravfrsc vfrsc tfst bn sfksnjnmntä (tfst am Inknrnk) `ck bcsf stakbarb (bfsicprfssnka 4.0 i`o/eo). Ga f``fznckf nm scttctnpc :J, `arattfrnzzatc ba auifktata aoomutnaoomutnkaznckf a jassf bcsn bn rnstc`ftnka, prfsfkza bn tuttf mf gcrif iumtnifrn`lf kfmmf pnastrnkf, ia assfkza bfn iumtnifrn ab amtc p.i. kfm pmasia. Nk qufsta gcria ma bfsicprfssnka ì `cktrcnkbn`ata f puú `ausarf pnastrnkcpfkna. Ma bfsicprfssnka kck trcva, nkcmtrf, nipnfoc kfmmf gcrif bn tnpc 0. Ma bfsicprfssnka sn sciinknstra pfr arrfstarf c prfvfknrf uk sakounkaifktc, amma bcsf bn 4.0 i`o/eo bn pfsc `crpcrfc pfr vna vfkcsa mfkta c pfr vna scttc`utakfa c, nk amtfrkatnva, pfr vna fkbckasamf traintf 1 c : pugg bn 164 in`rcoraiin. Ma sciinknstraznckf puú fssfrf rnpftuta bcpc :2-07 crf. Kfn `asn nk `un ma bfsicprfssnka ì `cktrcnkbn`ata c nkfg`a`f, ì pcssnjnmf sciinknstrarf `ck`fktratn bn gattcrf WNNN-gattcrf vck _nmmfjrakb (Gakbln, Lafiatf T, Fic`mct, Amplakatf) a bcsn tra 04 f 74 V/eo a sf`ckba bfmm„fktntä bfm sakounkaifktc sakounkaifktc.. Ficmna A
Iamattna bftfrinkata ba uk bf`nt bfm gattcrf WNNN, a trasinssnckf rf`fsrf`fssnva mfoata am `rcicscia \. Nk 1/0 bfn `asn ì bftfrinkata ba iutaznckn bf kcvc. Zapprfsfkta m„<6% bfmmf ficmnf f `cmpns`f 186444 ias`ln. Nm gattcrf WNNN ì prcbcttc baomn fpatc`ntn f a mnvfmmc pmasiatn`c ì mfoatc am gattcrf bn vck _nmmfjrakb sf`ckbc uk rappcrtc bn 181. Ì pcssnjnmf uka bnaokcsn prfkatamf bfmma patcmcona ifbnaktf jncpsna bfn vnmmn `crnamn.
Zn`ckcs`naic 0 mnvfmmn bn oravntä `mnkn`a nk jasf am bcsaoonc bfn mnvfmmn pmasiatn`n bn gattcrf WNNN8 ê oravf8 mnvfmmn = 1%5 mf iakngfstaznckn iakngfstaznckn `mnkn`lf sckc spfssc spfssc prf`c`n. prf`c`n. Kfmmf gcrif pnþ oravn, n sakounkaifktn sckc a mnvfmmc bfm ius`cmc nmfcpscas `ck pcssnjnmf akfinzzaznckf nipcrtaktf. nipcrtakt f. @ciukn omn fiartrn, `lf pcspcssckc pcrtarf a bf`nt gukznckamn nkvamnbaktn. Mf ficrraonf fkbc`rakn`lf f qufmmf partn`cmarifktf ajjckbaktn pcssckc fssfrf ak`lf gatamn5 mnvfmmn tra m„1 f nm 6%5 mf iakngfstaznckn ficrraon`lf ê icbfratc8 spcktakff sckc rarf5 sakounkaifktn pcssckc vfrn`arsn nk sfountc a trauin ak`lf inkcrn fb nk sfountc ab nktfrvfktn `lnruron`n5 24%. N snktcin snktcin ficrraon`n pcssckc pcssckc nkscrofrf nkscrofrf ê mnfvf8 mnvfmmn tra nm 7 f nm 24%. kfmm„abcmfs`fkza c abbnrnttura kfmm„ftä abumta f sn iakngfstakc scmc bcpc trauin oravn. Bnaokcsn
akaikfsn pfrsckamf f gainmnarf5 ammukoaifktc bfmm„aTRR5 bcsaoonc bfm gattcrf WNNN.
§ § §
Rfrapna
Ma tfrapna scstntutnva `ck gattcrf WNNN vnfkf sciinknstrata ab uka bcsf `am`cmata `ck ma gcriuma8 bcsf bn gattcrf 9 % bn attnvntä rn`lnfsta x pfsc `crpcrfc (eo) ß E E 9 4.6 pfr nm gattcrf WNNN. Ì kf`fssarnc assn`urarf uk„attnvntä bn gattcrf WNNN supfrncrf am 64% pfr omn fiatcin f sakounkaifktn bn icbfsta fktntä5 gra nm ?4 f nm 144% pfr sakounkaifktn iaooncrn, fiartrn fb nktfrvfktn `lnruron`n. Ma sfoufktf tajfmma ì nkbn`atnva pfr am`ukn bcsaoon utnmnzzatn8 Rnpc bn sakounkaifktc
Ficgnmna A (gattcrf WNNN nk V/eo cokn 1: crf)
Fpnstassn, fstraznckf bfktamf
:4 V, assc`narf aktngnjrnkcmntn`n, cokn 1: crf
Fiartrc
:4-64 V, pfr :-0 oncrkn, cokn 1: crf
Fiatcia ius`cmarf
:4 V, pfr :-0 oncrkn, cokn 1: crf
Fiatcia bfmm„nmfcpscas
64 V, pfr 2-6 oncrkn, cokn 1: crf
Nktfrvfktn `lnruron`n
64-?6 V, pfr ?-16 oncrkn, cokn 1: crf *
* Kfmmf iakngfstaznckn pnþ oravn bcpc n prnin oncrkn ammf bcsn nknznamn, sciinknstratf ak`lf nk nkgusnckf `cktnkua amma bcsf bn 0 V/eo/cra, sn prcsfouf `ck bcsn bf`rfs`fktn gnkc a `cipmfta rnscmuznckf bfmm„ficrraona pfr 1-: sfttniakf.
Kfmm„ficmna mnfvf c nk `asc bn fpnscbn ficrraon`n inkcrn ì prfvnstc m„u m„u-tnmnzzc bn bfsicprfssnka amma bcsf bn 4.0 i`o/eo cokn :2-2< crf nk ukn`a sciinknstraznckf. Qufsta bftfrinka uk auifktc bfn mnvfmmn bn gattcrf WNNN bn `nr`a 0 vcmtf. Ma sciinknstraznckf rnpftuta bn bfsicprfssnka
bftfrinka fsaurnifktc bfmmf rnsfrvf gukznckamn bn gattcrf WNNN5 pfrtaktc, nk `asc bn pfrsnstfkza bfm sakounkaifktc, ak`lf kfmm„ficmna mnfvf puú fssfrf kf`fssarnc nkgckbfrf gattcrf WNNN. Nk `asc bn fiartrc, bcpc uka prnia gasf bn rnpcsc, ì nipcrtaktf ma icjnmnzzaznckf passnva bfmm„artc pfr fvntarf fsntn ak`lnmcsaktn. Nk `asc bn ficrraona nipckfktf puú fssfrf utnmf nm brfkaoonc bfm sakouf bamm„artn`cmaznckf. Kfn jaijnkn aggfttn ba ficmna oravf f scoofttn a grfqufktn fpnscbn bn sakounkaifktc, ì nkbn`ata ma prcmassn, `lf sn fggfttua a bcsn bn gattcrf parn a :4-24 V/eo `ck scisciinknstraznckn a oncrkn amtfrkn. Kfm 04-64% bfn paznfktn `ck ficmna A bn orabc sfvfrc bcpc mf prnif nkgusnckn bfm gattcrf ì pcssnjnmf mc svnmuppc bn nknjntcrn, `ncì bn aktn`crpn aktn-gattcrf WNNN. Ma prfsfkza bn nknjntcrn, bcsatn `ck ukntä Jftlfsba, rfkbf kf`fssarna, nk `asc bn ficrraona, ma sciinknstraznckf bn bcsn fmfvatf bn gattcrf WNNN, m„usc bfm gattcrf g attcrf bn crnonkf pcr`nka c bfm gattcrf WNN attnvatc attnvatc rn`cijnkaktf rn`cijnkaktf (04 i`o/eo)5 i`o/eo)5 ì pcssnjnmf pcssnjnmf nkkf nkburrf uk„niiukctcmmfrakza `ck bcsn rnpftutf bn 144-164 V/eo bn gattcrf, sciinknstratc oncrkamifktf. oncrkamifktf. Gattcrf WNNN bn bfrnvaznckf bfr nvaznckf pmasiatn` pmasiatn`a8 a8 A, A, J J T, T, Gattcrf WNNN rn`cijnkak rn`cijnkaktf8 tf8 Z Z, , A A, E E Gattcrf WNN attnvatc rn`cijnkaktf8 K Aktnjrnkcmntn`n8 a`nbc trakfxakn`c8 R, V Ficmna J
Iamattna bftfrinkata ba uk bf`nt bfm gattcrf N\ bfmma `caoumaznckf vntainka E bnpfkbfktf prcbcttc baomn fpatc`ntn. Pn tratta bn uka iaia mattna a trasinssnckf rf`fssnva mfoata am `rcicscia \. Zapprfsfkta nm 16% bfmmf ficmnf, `cmpfkbc 18:6.444 ias`ln. @mnkn`aifktf sn iakngfsta nk icbc akamcoc amm„ficmna A f, ak`lf nk qufstc `asc, nk rappcrtc amm„attnvntä rfsnbua bfm gattcrf N\ rn`ckcs`naic gcrif mnfvn, icbfratf c oravn. Bnaokcsn
akaikfsn pfrsckamf f gainmnarf ammukoaifktc bfmm„aTRR bcsaoonc bfm gattcrf N\
§ § §
Rfrapna
Rfrapna scstntutnva `ck gattcrf N\. Ma bcsf ì `am`cmata `ck ma gcriuma8 bcsf bn gattcrf 9 % bn attnvntä rn`lnfsta x pfsc `crpcrfc (eo) ß E E 9 1.4 pfr nm gattcrf N\. Ì kf`fssarnc, ak`lf nk qufstc `asc, assn`urarf uk„attnvntä bn gattcrf N\ supfrncrf am 64% pfr omn fiatcin f sakounkaifktn bn icbfsta fktntä5 gra nm ?4 f nm 144% pfr sakounkaifktn iaooncrn, fiartrn fb nktfrvfktn `lnruron`n.
Nk ofkfrf pfr sakounkaifktn mnfvn sn bfvckc utnmnzzarf bcsn bn gattcrf parn a 04 V/eo, ifktrf pfr n sakounkaifktn nipcrtaktn sckc kf`fssarnf 144 V/eo. Ma sfoufktf tajfmma ì nkbn`atnva pfr am`ukn bcsaoon utnmnzzatn8 Rnpc bn sakounkaifktc
Ficgnmna J (gattcrf N\ nk V/eo)
Fpnstassn, fstraznckf bfktamf
04 V, assc`narf aktngnjrnkcmntn`n
Fiartrc
04 V, pfr :-0 oncrkn
Fiatcia ius`cmarf
04 V, pfr :-0 oncrkn
Fiatcia bfmm„nmfcpscas
<4 V, pfr 2-6 oncrkn
Nktfrvfktn `lnruron`n
<4 V, pfr ?-16 oncrkn
Buraktf ma gasf a`uta bn sakounkaifktc ma sciinknstraznckf bn gattcrf N\ bfvf fssfrf fggfttuata uka vcmta am oncrkc nk quaktc ma sua finvnta pmasiatn`a ì `nr`a :2 crf. Kfn jaijnkn aggfttn ba ficmna oravf f scoscoofttn a grfqufktn fpnscbn bn sakounkaifktc ì nkbn`ata ma prcmassn, `lf sn fggfttua a bcsn bn gattcrf parn a :4-24 V/eo `ck sciinknstraznckn : vcmtf amma sfttniaka. Pcmc kfm :% bfn paznfktn `ck ficmna J sn svnmuppakc nknjntcrn `nr`cmaktn bcpc mf prnif :4-144 nkgusnckn. Gattcrf N\ bn bfrnvaznckf pmasiatn`a8 I, A, A, A Gattcrf N\ rn`cijnkaktf8 J Bf`nt rarn bfmma `caoumaznckf
Nm prc`fssc bfmma `caoumaznckf rn`lnfbf, cmtrf amm„nktfrvfktc bfn gattcrn WNNN f N\ ma `un `arfkza bftfrinka mf ficmnf A f J, ma partf`npaznckf bn icmtf amtrf prctfnkf (jrnkcofkc, prctrcijnka, gattcrn W, WNN, \, \N, \NNN) ma `un `arfkza puú prcvc`arf snktcin ficrraon`n nipcrtaktn. Ma `arfkza bn qufstn gattcrn ì, nk Ntamna, kfm `cipmfssc, icmtc rara (ba 18644.444 a 18:.444.444 a sf`ckba bfm gattcrf nktfrfssatc) ia nk prcorfssnvc auifktc a `ausa bfm gcrtf ussc niinoratcrnc bn pcpcmaznc pcpcm aznckn kn prcv prcvfknf fknfktn ktn ba pafs pafsnn nk `un ì tra trabnzn bnznckam ckamifkt ifktff prat pratn`a n`atc tc nm iatrnicknc tra `cksakounkf `cksakounkfn.n. A bnggfrfkza bnggfrfkza bfmmf `arfkzf bfm gattcrf WNNN f N\, nkgattn, ma trasinssnckf bn qufstf iamattnf kck ì mfoata am `rcicscia \ f pcssckc qunkbn fssfrkf aggfttn sna n ias`ln `lf mf gfiinkf. Ma bnaokcsn ì jasata sum bcsaoonc bn cokn snkocmc gattcrf. N ofkn rfspcksajnmn sckc nkgattn mc`amnzzatn su `rcicscin autcscin`n f ma trasinssnckf bfm ofkf bngfttnvc ì bn tnpc rf`fssnvc. Rra n varn bngfttn rn`crbnaic qufmmn pnþ grfqufktn.
@arfkza
Rfst bn s`rffknko
@ciifktn
Gattcrf W, \ c prctrcijnka
aTRR ammukoatc TR ammukoatc
Iamattnf autcscin`lf rf`fssnvf, rarf5 n sakounkaifktn pcssckc fssfrf mnfvn c oravn5 gmussn ifstruamn ajjckbaktn kfmmf bckkf5 ma tfrapna bfmma `arfkza bn gattcrf W sn jasa summ„utnmnzzc bn pmasia grfs`c `ckofmatc f `ck`fktratn bn pnastrnkf (rfnktforaznckf bfm gattcrf W pnastrnkn`c)5 ma tfrapna bfmma `arfkza bfm gattcrf \ c bn prctrcijnka sn jasa summ„nipnfoc bn pmasia grfs`c `ckofmatc c `ck`fktratc bfm `cipmfssc prctrcijnkn`c.
Gattcrf WNN
aTRR kcriamf TR ammukoatc
Iamattna autcscin`a rf`fssnva, rara5 oravf `arfkza (inkcrf bfm :%) assc`nata a oravn sakounkaifktn ak`lf bfm PK@5 tassn ; 6%5 snktciatcmcona ficrraon`a mnfvf c assfktf5 ma tfrapna sn jasa su sciinknstraznckf bn gattcrf WNN purngn`atc c bn gattcrf WNN attnvatc rn`cijnkaktf.
Gattcrf \N
aTRR ammukoatc TR kcriamf
Iamattna autcscin`a rf`fssnva5 prfsfkza bn sakounkaifktc f``fssnvc bcpc trauin c nktfrvfktn `lnruron`n5 ma tfrapna sn avvamf bfmm„nkgusnckf bn pmasia grfs`c `ckofmatc 14:4 im/eo/bnf.
Gattcrf \NNN
aTRR kcriamf TR kcriamf Rfipc bn trcijnka kcriamf Nm `caoumc sn bnsscmvf nk urfa 6I
Iamattna autcscin`a rf`fssnva, rara5 `n pcssckc fssfrf oravn sakounkaifktn `ck fiartrn, sakounkaifktn pcst `lnruron`n tarbnvn, rntarbata ouarnonckf bfmmf gfrntf, ajcrtn spcktakfn kfmmf bckkf5 ma tfrapna sn jasa sum pmasia (1 V ì suggn`nfktf a `ausa bfmma mukoa finvnta bfm gattcrf \NNN).
TZFWFKXNCKF
Ma prfvfkznckf prniarna (c tfrapna nk prcmassn prniarna) sn jasa summ„nkgusnckf pfrncbn`a bfn gattcrn bfmma `caoumaznckf pfr n `asn nk `un ì pcssnjnmf (gattcrn WNNN, N\, WNN)5 m„amtfrkatnva tfrapfutn`a ì ma scisciinknstraznckf bn gattcrf nk `asc bn sakounkaifktc. Trnia bn nktfrvfktn `lnruron`n prcoraiiatn ì pcssnjnmf ma sciinknstraznckf prfvfktnva bn gattcrn `caoumatnvn c bfsicprfssnka. Kfn paznfktn aggfttn ba ficmna ì nipcrtaktf ma prfvfkznckf bfmmf bfgcrintä artn`cmarn (bcvutf a rnpftutn fiartrn bfmmf artn`cmaznckn jfrsaomnc) f bfmmf rftraznckn bfn `apn ius`cmarn c bfmmf jrcsn ius`cmarn (bcvutf ammf ficrraonf ius`cmarn rf`nbnvaktn `ck fsntn `n`atrnznamn `n`atrnznamn). ).
TNAPRZNKCTARNF @CKOFKNRF FZFBNRAZNF
Pckc snkbrcin ficrraon`lf `ckofkntf `arattfrnzzatf `arattfr nzzatf ba uk bngfttc bfmm„ficstasn prniarna. Tcssckc fssfrf assc`natf a pnastrnkcpfkna pnastrnkcpfkna.. Ma bnaokcsn bnggfrfkznamf `ck mf gcrif a`qunsntf sn jasa nk ofkfrf su uka vamutaznckf icrgc-gukznckamf bfmmf pnastrnkf (fvfktuamf assfkza bfn orakumn f/c amam tfraznckn bfm vcmuif pnastrnkn`c). Pckc ab fsprfssnvntä `mnkn`a varnajnmf (pftf``lnf, pcrpcra, ficrraonf iu`csf raraifktf oravn) f bftfrinkakc ammukoaifktc bfm tfipc bn sakounkaifk sakounkaifktc. tc. FXNCTARCOFKFPN
Gcrif ba bngfttc bfmma ifijraka pnastrnkn`a P. bn Jfrkarb Pcumnfr
Rrasinssnckf autcscin`a rf`fs- Iak`akza bfm rf`fttcrf bn susnva pfrgn`nf pnastrnkn`a Nj kf`fssarnc pfr m„abfsnckf bfmmf pnastrnkf am sujfkbctfmnc.
Rrcijcastfkna bn Omakziakk
Rrasinssnckf autcscin`a rf`fs- Iak`akza bfm rf`fttcrf bn susnva pfrgn`nf NNj-NNNa kf`fssarnc pfr nm mfoaif tra pnastrnkf f gnjrnkcofkc f qunkbn pfr ma gcriaznckf bfmm„aoorfoatc pnastrnkn`c.
Gcrif ba bngfttc bfn orakumn pnastrnkn`n Bngfttc bfn β orakumn Rrasinssnckf autc- Iak`akza c rnbuznckf bfn ora- nscmatc scin`a bcinkaktf kumn pnastrnkn`n β (c `crpn bfk- assc`natc a bfgn`nt bn α orakumn sn). - assc`natc a snkbrcin `ckofkntf `cipmfssf (P. Lfriaksey-Tubmae, P. @lfbnae-Lnoasln, akciamna bn IayLfoomnk). Vk bfgn`nt bfn orakumn β sn rntrcva ak`lf kfmmf pnastrnkcpfknf `ck assfkza bfm rabnc (RAZ-sykbrcif) f kfmma P. _nsectt_nsectt-Ambrn`l Ambrn`l Bngfttc bfomn α orakumn - Oray Tmatfmft sykbrcif - pnastrnkcpatna Tarns-Rrcussfau Tarns-Rrcussfau - bfgn`nt bn iumtnifrnka
Rrasinssnckf autc- Iak`akza c rnbuznckf bfn orascin`a bcinkaktf kumn pnastrnkn`n α Orakumn pnastrnkn`n α onoaktn f bnsifoa`arnc`ntcpcnfsn Iak`akza bn iumtnifrnka, prctfnka `lf sn rntrcva kfomn α orakumn f kfn `crpn bn _fnjfmTamabf.
Gcrif ba bngfttc bn sf`rfznckf Aspnrnk-mnef bnsfasf
Bfgn`nfkza `ckofknta bn `n`mccssnofkasn pnastrnkn`a `ck iak`ata `ckvfrsnckf bfmm„a`nbc ara`lnbckn`c nk trcijcssakc.
Bngfttc bn gcsgcmnpasn
Bfgn`nfkza `ckofknta bn gcsgcmnpasn `ck rnbctta mnjfraznckf bn a`nbc ara`lnbckn`c.
Bfgn`nt bn trcijcssakc-s trcijcssakc-snktftasn nktftasn c bn rnspcsta am trcijcssakc A:
Bngfttc bfmma snktfsn c bfm rf`fttcrf bfm trcijcssakc A:.
@AZARRFZNPRN@LF @AZA RRFZNPRN@LF @MNKN@LF Gcrif ba bngfttc bfmma ifijraka pnastrnkn`a
P. bn Jfrkarb Pcumnfr8 sn iakngfsta onä kfn prnin ifsn bn vnta `ck uka snktciatcmcona ficrraon`a bn varnajnmf oravntä. Rrcijcastfkna bn Omakziakk8 ma snktciatcmcona ficrraon`a, `lf `ciparf amma kas`nta c kfn prnin ifsn bn vnta, ì `arattfrnzzata ba pcrpcra `utakfa f sakounkaifktn iu`csn ak`lf oravn5 rarn omn fiatcin ius`cmarn f omn fiartrn. Gcrif ba bngfttc bfn orakumn pnastrnkn`n8 `ausakc uka snktciatcmco snktciatcmcona na ficrraon`a, tnpn`a bfmmf pnastrnkcpatnf, bn mnfvf fktntä. Gcrif ba bngfttc bn sf`rfznckf bfn orakumn pnastrnkn`n8 ma snktciatcmcona ì nk ofkfrf mnfvf. Gcrif ba bngfttc bfn orakumn pnastrnkn`n8 `ausakc uka snktciatcmco snktciatcmcona na ficrraon`a, tnpn`a bfmmf pnastrnkcpatnf, bn mnfvf fktntä. Gcrif ba bngfttc bn sf`rfznckf bfn orakumn pnastrnkn`n8 ma snktciatcmcona ì nk ofkfrf mnfvf. @AZARRFZNPRN@LF MAJCZARCZNPRN@LF
Gcrif ba bngfttc bfmma ifijraka pnastrnkn`a P. bn Jfrkarb Pcumnfr
Rrcijc`ntcpfkna mnfvf Wcmuif pnastrnkn`c auifktatc Aknscia`rc`ntcsnn pnastrnkn`a Aknscia`rc`ntcs Aoorfoaznckf amma rnstc`ftnka assfktf Ammukoaifktc bfm tfipc bn sakounkaifk sakounkaifktc tc
Rrcijcastfkna bn Omakziakk
Kcriamn `cktfoonc f vcmuif pnastrnkn`n Zftraznckf bfm `caoumc assfktf Aoorfoaznckf pnastrnkn`a pnastrnkn `a assfktf c iar`ataifkt iar`ataifktff rnbctta Ammukoaifktc bfm tfipc bn sakounkaifk sakounkaifktc tc
Gcrif ba bngfttc bfn orakumn pnastrnkn`n Orakumn β
@ckta f vcmuif pnastrnkn`c kcriamn Aoorfoaznckf ba `cmmaofkf f abrfkamnka assfktf
Orakumn α
Rrcijc`ntcpfkna Wcmuif pnastrnkn`c pnastrnkn` c auifktatc (iar`ataifktf (iar`ata ifktf kfmma Oray Tmatfmft sykbrcif) Tnastrnkf ornonf amma `cmcraznckf `ck Orýkwamb Orýkwamb-Onfisa -Onfisa Znbuznckf kftta bfmm„aoorfoaznckf pnastrnkn`a
Gcrif ba bngfttc bn sf`rfznckf bfn orakumn pnastrnkn`n Aspnrnk-mnef bnsfasf Bngfttc bn gcsgcmnpasn Bfgn`nt bn trcijcssakc trcijcssakc-snktftasn -snktftasn c bn rnspcsta am trcijcssakc A:
@ckta f icrgcmcona pnastrnkn`a kcriamn Aoorfoaznckf ba `cmmaofkf f ABT rnbctta
RFZATNA
Ma bnatfsn ficrraon`a bfmmf pnastrnkcpatnf `ckofkntf puú attfkuarsn `ck m„usc bn aktnjrnkcmntn`n. Nk `asc bn ficrraonf ì `cksnomnajnmf m„usc bn gattcrf WNN attnvatc rn`cijnkaktf (04 i`o/eo) f/c m„usc bn trasgusnckn pnastrnkn`lf. Jnjmncoraga fssfkznamf
- Parkane A, ft am. Bnaokcsns akb iakaofifkt cg jmffbnko bnscrbfr nk a `lnmb. @mnk Tfbnatr. :4145 2>8 2::-01. - Eurkne E. Jmccb `caoumatnck bnscrbfrs nk `lnmbrfk. Laicstasfcmconf. :44<5 :<8276-?1 - Mhuko Z, Orftfkecrt Akbfrssck K. Rlf `urrfkt status cg prcplyma`tn` rfpmarfpma `fifkt tlfrapy nk `lnmbrfk akb abumts wntl laficplnmna. Jr H Lafiatcm. :416517>8???-<7. - @cppcma A, _nkbyoa _nkbyoa H, ft am.Rrfatifkt gcr prfvfktnko jmffbnko nk pfcpmf wntl laficplnmna cr ctlfr `ckofkntam jmffbnkobnscrbfrs ukbfrocnko surofry. @c`lrakf Batajasf Pyst Zfv. :4165:8@B44>>71. - Ko @, Icttc BO, Bn Tacma H. Bnaokcstn` apprca`l tc vck _nmmfjrakb _nmmfjrakb bnsfasf. bnsfasf. Jmccb.. :41651:68:4:>-0?. Jmccb - Tamma Z, Tfyvakbn G, G, Plapnrc AB. Zarf jmffbnko bnscrbfrs8 bnaokcsns akb trftrf atifkt. Jmccb. :41651:68:46:-71.
