Section A [60 marks] marks]
Answer all questions in this section. Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1
Table1.1 Table 1.1 shows the number number of proton and number of neutrons neutr ons present present in atoms P,Q, P ,Q, R and S. Jadual 1.1 Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam atom P,Q,R Dan S. Atom P
Number of proton/ Bilangan proton 3
Numberof neutrons/ Bilangan neut ron ron 4
Q
6
6
R
6
8
S
19
20
1.1 Table/ Jadual Table/ Jadual 1.1
(a) (a) (i)
State State the the nucle nucleon on numb number er of atom atom P. Nyatakan nombor nucleon bagi atom P.
……………………………………………………………………………. [1mar k k ] (ii)Write the symbol of atom Q in the form of
A
Tuliskan symbol bagi atom Q dalam bentuk Z
X
[1mar k k ] (iii) (iii) Which Which atoms atoms have have the same same numbe numberr of valenc valencee electron electrons? s? Atom manakah mempunyai bilangan elektronvalens yang sama? ……………………………………………………………………………. [1mar k k ] (iv) (iv) Which Which atoms atoms are are isotop isotopes? es? Explain Explain why. why. Atom-atom manakah adalah isotop? Terangkan mengapa mengapa . ……………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. [2mar k k s s]
(b)
Diagram1shows a graph of temperature against time obtained when liquid substance X is cooled. Rajah1 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa yang diperolehi apabila cecair bahan X disejukkan.
Diagram/ Rajah1 (i)
State the freezing point of substance X. Nyatakan takat beku bahan X. ………………………………………………………………………… [1mark ]
(ii)Complete Table1.2 below by stating the physical state of Substance X at the region mentioned. Lengkapkan Jadual 1.2 dengan menyatakan keadaan fizik bahan X pada bahagian yang dinyatakan. R egion Bahag ia n
Physicalstate Keadaanfizik
BC CD
Table/ Jadual 1.2 [2mar k s]
(iii)Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1 to t2? Jelaskan mengapa suhu adalah tetap dari t1 ke t2? ………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………….. [2mar k s]
2
(a) (i) The electron arrangement for neon is 2.8 . Why is this element very stable and not reactive? Susunan electron bagi neon adalah 2.8 . Mengapakah unsur ini sangat stabil dan tidak reaktif? ……………………………………………………………………………….
[1mar k]
(ii) State one use of neon gas in daily life. Nyatakan satu kegunaan gas neon dalam kehidupan harian. ……………………………………………………………………………….. [1mar k] (iii) State one other element that has the same stability as neon. Namakan satu unsur lain yang mempunyai kestabilan yang s ama dengan neon.
……………………………………………………………………………….. [1mar k] (b) Diagram 2 shows the standard representation for the atoms of two elements, Sodium and potassium. Rajah 2 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi atom bagi dua unsur, natrium dan kalium.
Diagram/ Rajah2 (i) State the number of neutron of potassium atom. Nyatakan nombor proton bagi atom kalium. ……………………………………………………………………………..
[1mar k]
(ii) Compare the size of the sodium atom with the potassium atom. Explain your answer. Bandingkan saiz atom natrium dengan atom kalium. Terangkan jawapan anda. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………...... [2marks]
(c)
2.3 g of sodium react completely with oxygen to form sodium oxide. 2.3 g natrium bertindakbalas lengkap dengan oksigen untuk membentuk natrium oksida. (i) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk tindak balas ini. ……………………………………………………………………………….[1mark ] (ii) Calculate the maximum mass of sodium oxide formed. Hitung jisim maksimum natrium oksida yang terbentuk.
[3mar k s] (iii) State one physical property of sodium oxide. Nyatakan satu sifat fizik natrium oksida. ..…………………………………………………………………………….. [1mark ]
Diagram 3 shows the set up for two types of cells, J and K Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua jenis sel, J dan K.
3
P
Q
Carbon Karbon
Copper Kuprum
R
S
Zinc zink
Copper(II) chloride solution2.0 mol dm-3 Larutan kuprum(II) klorida 2.0 mol dm -3 Cell / sel J
Cell / sel K Diagram / Rajah 3
(a) State the name of cell J. Namakan sel J . ................................................................................................................................. [1 mark ]
(b) What is the energy conversion that takes place in Cell K? Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel K? ................................................................................................................................. [1 mark ] (c) Write the formulae of all the ions present in copper(II) chloride solution. Tuliskan formula bagi semua ion yang hadir dalam lar utan kuprum (II) klorida. ………………………………………………………………………..................... [1 mark ] (d) Based on the cell J; J ; Berdasarkan sel (i) State the observation at carbon electrode Q. Nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod karbon Q. ……………………………………………………………………………....... [1 mark ] (ii) Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at the carbon electrode Q. Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod karbon Q. …………………………………………………………………………......... [1 mark ]
(iii) If copper(II) chloride solution 2.0 mol dm -3 is replaced by copper(II) chloride solution 0.001 mol dm-3. State the product formed at carbon electrode P. Jika larutan kuprum(II) klorida 2.0 mol dm-3 diganti dengan larutan kuprum(II) klorida 0.001 mol dm -3. Nyatakan hasil yan terbentuk di elektrod karbon P. …………………………………………………………………………........ [1 mark ] (e) Based on the cell K ; Berdasarkan sel K ; (i) Draw arrows () to show the direction of the electrons flow. Lukiskan anak panah () untuk menunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron. [1 mark ] (ii) Which electrode act as negative terminals? Elektrod manakah yang bertindak sebagai terminal negatif ? …………………………………………………………………………............ [1 mark ]
(iii) What happens to the cell voltage if the copper plate is replaced with the silver plate? Apakah yang berlaku kepada voltan cell jika kepingan kuprum digantikan dengan kepingan argentum? …………………………………………………………………………........... [1 mark ] (f) Compare the intensity of blue colour of copper(II) chloride solution after afew minutes in both cells.Explain your answer. Bandingkan keamatan warna biru larutan kuprum(II)klorida selepasbeberapa minit dalam kedua-dua sel.Terangkan jawapan anda. ………………………………………………………………………….................. …………………………………………………………………………….............. [2 marks]
4 Table 4 shows the concentration and pH value of three solutions. Jadual 4 menunjukkan kepekatan dan nilai pH bagi tiga larutan.
Solution Larutan Sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik Ethanoic acid Etanoik asid Sodium hydroxide Natrium hidroksida
Concentration Kepekatan
pH value Nilai pH
0.5 mol dm -3
1
0.5 mol dm -3
5
M mol dm-3
13
Table / Jadual 4 (a) Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali. What is the meaning of strong alkali? Natrium hidroksida ialah alkali kuat. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan alkali kuat ? ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ] (b) (i) Which of the solution in Table 4 has the lowest concentration of hydrogen ions? Larutan manakah dalam Jadual 4 mempunyai kepekatan ion hidrogen yang paling rendah ? …………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark ] (ii) Explain your answer. Terangkan jawapan anda. ………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark ] (c) A student carried out an experiment to determine the M valueusing titration
method. In the experiment, 25.0 cm 3 of sulphuric acid in Table 4 is titrated into 25.0 cm 3of sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator.. Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan nilai M dengan menggunakan kaedah pentitratan. Dalam eksperimen tersebut, 25.0 cm3 asid sulfurik dalam Jadual 4 telah dititratkan ke dalam 25.0 cm3larutan natrium hidroksida dengan menggunakan fenolftalein sebagai penunjuk . (i) State the colour change of the solution at the end point of titration. Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan pada takat akhir pentitratan. ………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark ] (ii) Name the type of reaction that occurs. Namakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku. ………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark ]
(iii) Write the chemical equation involved. Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang terlibat. ……………………………………………………………………………......... [2 marks] (iv)Calculate the value ofM. Hitungkan nilai M .
[3 marks]
5
Diagram5showsthechemical equation for the reaction between lead(II) carbonate and nitric acid. Rajah5menunjukkanpersamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara plumbum(II) karbonat dan asid nitrik.
Diagram / R ajah5
(a) Lead(II) carbonate reacts with nitric acid to produce salt X, gas Y and water. Plumbum(II) karbonat bertindak balas dengan asid nitrik untuk menghasilkan
garam X, gas Y dan air.
(i) State the name of the salt X and gas Y. Nyatakan nama bagi garam X dan gas Y. Salt/Garam X
: …………………………………………………………..
Gas Y
: ………………………………………………………….. [2mar ks]
(ii) Write the formula of anionpresent in Salt X solution. Tulis formula bagi anion yang terdapat dalam larutan garam X. ………………………………………………………………………................. [1mar k ] (iii) Based on the answer in 5(a)(ii), describe briefly a chemical test to verify the anion present. Berdasarkan jawapan di 5(a)(ii), huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan anion yang hadir. …………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………..... [3marks] (b) In an experiment, excess lead(II) carbonate is added to 100 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 of nitric acid. Dalam satu eksperimen, plumbum(II) karbonat berlebihan ditambah kepada 100 cm3 asid nitrik 1.0 moldm -3.
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu. ………………………………………………………….......................[1mark ]
(ii) Calculatethevolume ofgas Y produce at room conditions. [ 1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm 3 mol-1at room conditions] Hitungkanisipadu gas Y yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik . [1 mol sebarang gas menempati 24 dm 3 mol -1 pada keadaan bilik ]
[3mar k s ] 6 Diagram 6 shows the energy level for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide .
Rajah 6 menunjukkan aras tenaga bagi tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dan natrium hidroksida.
Diagram / Rajah 6
(a) State the meaning of heat of neutralization. Nyatakan maksud haba peneutralan. ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ] (b) Write two statements that can be concluded from Diagram 6. Tulis dua pernyataan yang boleh dirumus daripada Rajah 6. ………………………………………………………………………………............ [2marks] (c) In an experiment, 100 cm3 of 2.0 moldm-3of hydrochloric acid solution was added to 100 cm 3 of 2.0 moldm-3of sodium hydroxide solution. [ Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 Jg -1oC-1 ; Density of solution = 1 gcm -3 ] Dalam suatu eksperimen, 100 cm3 larutan asid hidroklorik 2.0 moldm -3 ditambah kepada 100 cm 3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 moldm -3 . [ Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 Jg -1oC -1 ; Ketumpatan larutan = 1 gcm -3 ] Calculate Hitung (i)the heat energy released in this experiment, tenaga haba yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen ini,
[2 marks] (ii) the temperature change in this experiment, perubahan suhu dalam eksperimen ini.
[2 marks] (d) Hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid both react with sodium hydroxide by a neutralization reaction. Asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik kedua-duanya bertindak balas dengan natrium hidroksida melalui tindakbalas peneutralan. HCl + NaOH
= - 57.3 kJ mol -1
NaCl + H2O ,
CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa
+ H 2O ,
= - 55.2 kJ mol-1
Explain why the heat of neutralization for each reaction is slightly different. Terangkan mengapa haba peneutralan bagi setiap tindak balas adalah sedikit berbeza. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… [2marks]
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Section B [20 marks]
Answer any one question from this section. Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini. 7
Table 7.1 shows the electron arrangement of elements U, V and W. Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi unsur U, V dan W. Element Unsur Electron arrangement Susunan elektron
U
V
2.1
2.7
W 2.8.7
Table / Jadual 7.1 (a)
State the group and the period of element U in the Periodic Table of Elements. Explain your answer. Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi unsur U dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Terangkan jawapan anda. [4 marks]
(b)
Table 7.2 shows the observation of element V and W when react with hot iron. Jadual 7.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi unsur V dan W apabila bertindak balas dengan besi panas. Experiment Eksperimen
Observation Pemerhatian
V + hot iron V +besi panas
Hot iron burns brightly. Besi panas terbakar dengan terang.
W + hot iron W + besi panas
Hot iron burn slowly. Besi panas terbakar dengan perlahan. Table / Jadual 7.2
(i)
Write the chemical equation when element V reacts with hot iron. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas apabila unsur V bertindak balas dengan besi panas. [2 marks]
(ii)
Compare the reactivity of element V and W. Explain your answer. Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur V dan W. Terangkan jawapan anda. [4 marks]
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(c)
Diagram 7.3 and 7.4 showsthe electron arrangement of compound X and Y. Rajah 7.3 dan 7.4 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian X dan Y.
Compound X Sebatian X Diagram/ Rajah 7.3
Compound Y Sebatian Y Diagram/ Rajah 7.4
(i)
Which compound is thecovalent compound?Give a reason. Sebatian manakah merupakan sebatian kovalen ? Berikan satu sebab. [2 marks]
(ii)
Compare the physical properties of compound X and Y. Explain your answer. Bandingkan sifat fizik bagi sebatian X dan Y. Terangkan jawapan anda. [8 marks]
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8
(a) Table 8.1 show the equation of two types reactions: Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan persamaan bagi dua jenis tindak balas: Reaction Tindak balas
Chemical Equation Persamaan Kimia
I
HNO3
+
II
Zn
Cu(NO 3)2
+
NaOH
→
Na NO3
+
H2 O
→ Zn(NO3)2
+
Cu
Table / Jadual 8.1 Determine whether each of the reactions is a redox reaction or not a redox reaction. Explain your answer in term of oxidation number. Tentukan sama ada setiap tindak balas tersebut merupakan tindak balas redoks atau bukan tindak balas redoks. Terangkan jawapan anda dari segi nombor pengoksidaan. [4 marks] (b) Table 8.2 shows the formulae for two compounds. Jadual 8.2 menunjukkan formula bagi dua sebatian. Compound Sebatian Formula
J
L
Al2O3
Cu2O
Table / Jadual 8.2 (i)
State the oxidation number for aluminium and copper. Nyatakan nombor pengoksidaan bagi aluminium dan kuprum. [2 marks]
(ii)
Name both of the compounds based on the IUPAC nomenclature system. Namakan kedua-dua sebatian tersebut berdasarkan sistem tatanama IUPAC. [2marks]
(iii) Explain the difference between the names of the two compounds based on the IUPAC nomenclature system. Jelaskan perbezaan antara nama kedua-dua sebatian itu mengikut s istem tatanama IUPAC. [2marks]
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(iv) Chemical equation below shows the reaction between CuO and hydrogen gas. Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara CuO dengan gas hidrogen.
Mg + CuSO4 → MgSO4 + Cu Based on the equation, determine: Berdasarkan persamaan, tentukan: •
the substance that is oxidised bahan yang dioksidakan
•
the substance that is reduced bahan yang diturunkan
•
the oxidizing agent agen pengoksidaan
•
the reducing agent agen penurunan [4 marks]
(c) Diagram 8 shows the set up of apparatus to investigate the reactivity of metals towards oxygen. Rajah8menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kereaktifan logam terhadap oksigen.
Metal powder Serbuk logam
Glass wool Wul kaca Potassium manganate(VII) Kalium manganat (VII)
Heat strongly Panaskan dengan kuat
Heat Panaskan
Diagram / Rajah8
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Table 8.3 show the observation when three metals; X, Y and Zare heated strongly as shown in Diagram 8. Jadual 8.3 menunjukkan pemerhatian apabila apabila tiga logam X, Y dan Zdipanaskan dengan kuat seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8. Metal Logam
X
Observation Pemerhatian
Burns vigorously with a bright flame. A white residue is formed. Terbakar dengan nyalaan yang terang. Baki berwarna putih terbentuk. Glows faintly and slowly. A black residue is formed.
Y
Membara dengan malap dan perlahan. Baki berwarna hitam terbentuk. Burns slowly with a bright flame. A brown residue when hot and yellow when cold is formed.
Z
Menyala dengan perlahan. Baki berwarna perang semasa panas dan kuning apabila sejuk terbentuk. Table / Jadual 8.3 (i)
Based on the observations in Table 8.3, arrange X, Y and Z in ascending order of reactivity of metal towards oxygen. Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 8.3, susunkan X, Y dan Z mengikut tertib menaik kereaktifan logam terhadap oksigen. [1 mark ]
(ii)
Based on the information in Table 8.3, state which of the metalismagnesium, copper andlead. Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 8.3, nyatakan logam manakah yang merupakanmagnesium, kuprum dan plumbum. [3 marks]
(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between metal X and oxygen. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara logam X dengan oksigen. [2 marks]
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Section C [20 marks]
Answer any one question from this section. Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.
9
Diagram 9 shows how compound Y is formed from an alkene W. Then compound Y react with alcohol X to produce ester Z. Rajah 9 menunjukkan bagaimana sebatian Y terbentuk daripada alkena W.Kemudian sebatian Y bertindak balas dengan alkohol X menghasilkan ester Z.
Alkene W Alkena W
+ H2O H3PO4 , 3000C,60 atm
Alcohol X Alkohol X
K 2Cr 2O7
Compound Y Sebatian Y
Ester Z Ester Z Diagram / Rajah 9
(a)
(i)
Name one alkene that has less than four carbon atoms. Draw its structural formula Namakansatu alkena yang mempunyai kurang daripada empat atom karbon. Lukis formula strukturnya. [2 marks]
(ii)
Based on the answer in 9(a) (i), what is the name of alcohol X and compound Y. Berdasarkan jawapan di 9(a)(i), apakah nama bagi alkohol X dan sebatian Y. [2 marks]
(iii) Write the chemical equation and state the observation for the reaction between alcohol X and potassium dichromate, K 2Cr 2O7 to produce compound Y that you named in (a)(ii). Tuliskan persamaan kimia dan nyatakan pemerhatian bagi tindak balas antara alkohol X dan kalium dikromat, K 2Cr 2O7 untuk menghasilkan sebatian Y yang anda namakan di(a)(ii). [3 marks]
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(b)
(i)
By using alcohol X and compound Y that you named in(a) (ii), describe the preparation of ester Z in the laboratory. In your description, include the chemical equation for the reaction. Dengan menggunakan alkohol X dan sebatian Y yang anda namakan di(a) (ii), huraikan penyediaan ester Z di dalam makmal . Dalam huraian anda, sertakan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. [5 marks]
(ii)
Alkene W can be prepared from alcohol X. Draw the set up of apparatus for the preparation of the alkene W. Alkena W boleh disediakan daripada alkohol X. Lukiskan susunan radas bagi penyediaan alkena W itu. [2 marks]
(c)
Table 9 shows the results of latex coagulation. Jadual 9 menunjukkan keputusan pengumpalan getah .
Procedure Prosedur Compound Y is added to latex Sebatian Y ditambah kepada susu getah
Observations Pemerhatian The latex coagulates immediately Susu getah menggumpal dengan serta merta.
Compound T is added to latex Sebatian T ditambah kepada suhu getah
The latex does not coagulate within a longer period. Susu getah tidak menggumpal dalam suatu tempoh yang lebih lama.. The latex coagulates slowly. Susu getah menggumpal dengan perlahan .
Latex is left under natural conditions Susu getah dibiarkan pada keadaan semulajadi
Table / Jadual 9 Explain why there is a difference in these observations. Suggest the compound T. Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan pemerhatian itu . Cadangkan sebatian T itu. [6 marks]
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10
Diagram 10.1 shows the time taken for beef to cook using different size. Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan masa yang diambil untuk memasak daging kambingmenggunakan saiz yang berbeza.
15 minutes
100 minutes 100 minit
15minit
Diagram / Rajah 10.1 (a)
Explain why different size of lamb takes different times to cook? Terangkan mengapa saiz daging kambingyang berbeza mengambil masa yang berbeza untuk masak ? [2 marks]
(b)
Two experiments were carried out to study the effect size of calcium carbonate on the rateof reaction between calcium carbonate and an acid. Graph in Diagram 10.2 shows the resultsof Experiment Iand Experiment II. Dua eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan saiz kalsium karbonat ke atas kadar tindakbalas antara kalsium karbonat dengan suatu asid. Graf dalam Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan keputusan Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. Volume of gas (cm 3 ) Isipadu gas (cm3 ) Experiment II : Acid and calcium carbonate powder Eksperimen II : Asid dan serbuk kalsium karbonat
20
15
10 Experiment I : Acid and calcium carbonate granules Eksperimen I : Asid dan ketulan kalsium karbonat
5
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Diagram / Rajah 10.2
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(i)
State a suitable example of the acid used and write the chemical equation for the reaction between this acid and calcium carbonate. Nyatakan satu contoh asid yang sesuai digunakandan tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas antara asid ini dengan kalsium karbonat [3 marks]
(ii)
Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment II. Hitung kadar tindakbalas purata bagi Eksperimen II. [2marks]
(iii) Based on Diagram 10.2, compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II with reference to the collision theory. Berdasarkan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara eksperimen I dan eksperimen II dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran. [5marks]
(iv) Describe how to carry out the experiment in the laboratory. Huraikan bagaimana untuk menjalankan eksperimen inidi dalam makmal. [9marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
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