Indicatori macroeconomici de rezultate
PRODUSUL INTERN BRUT (PIB) PIBH[SULP
YDORDUHDEUXW GHSLD
DSURGXF LHLILQDOHGHEXQXULúLVHUYLFLLRE LQXW vQWU
DQGHDJHQ LLHFRQRPLFLDXWRKWRQLúLVWU LQLFDUHvúLGHVI úRDU DFWLYLWDWHDvQLQWHULRUXO
a) Metoda de produF LH PHWRGDYDORULLDG
-un
ULL
XJDWH
VAB i = PB i − CI i , unde: VAB i PB i CI i
- YDORDUHDDG XJDW EUXW FUHDW vQVHFWRUXOi ODSUH XULOHGHED] - SURGXF LDJOREDO EUXW vQVHFWRUXOi; - consumul intermediar din sectorul i.
3ULQvQVXPDUHDYDORULORUDG XJDWHEUXWHFUHDWHvQVHFWRDUHOHVDXUDPXULOHHFRQRPLHLVHRE LQH YDORDUHDDG XJDW EUXW ODQLYHOXOHFRQRPLHL
VAB = ∑ VAB i 9DORDUHD DG XJDW EUXW VH H[SULP OD SUH XULOH GH ED] SUH XULOH IDFWRULORU FDUH LQFOXG VXEYHQ LLOHSHSURGXVGDUH[FOXGLPSR]LWHOHSHSURGXVúLWD[DSHYDORDUHDDG XJDW
3HQWUXDRE LQH
PIB,FDUHVHH[SULP
ODSUH XULOHSLH HLVHIRORVHúWHUHOD LD
PIB = VAB + IP + TV − SP ,
unde: VAB IP TV SP
- YDORDUHDDG XJDW EUXW ODSUH XULOHGHED] - LPSR]LWHSHSURGXVLQFOXVLYWD[DSHYDORDUHDG - taxe vamale; - VXEYHQ LLSHSURGXVúLSHQWUXLPSRUW
b) Metoda cheltuielilor
XJDW
PHWRGD XWLOL] ULL ILQDOH SUHVXSXQH HYLGHQ LHUHD FKHOWXLHOLORU
SHQWUX EXQXULOH úL VHUYLFLLOH ILQDOHvQ IXQF LH GH GHVWLQD LD DFHVWRUD FRQVXPXO SRSXOD LHL
(CP FRQVXPXO DGPLQLVWUD LHL CA IRUPDUHD EUXW GH FDSLWDO FBC úL H[SRUWXO QHW (EXN). Valoarea PIB OD SUH XULOH SLH HL VH RE LQH SULQ vQVXPDUHD DFHVWRU FKHOWXLHOL FRQIRUPUHOD LHLXUP WRDUH
PIB = CP + CA + FBC + EXN CF = CP + CA FBC = FBCF + ∆S EXN = EX − IM ,
unde: CF FBCF ∆S EX IM
-
consumul final; IRUPDUHDEUXW GHFDSLWDOIL[VDXLQYHVWL LLFDSLW
ale brute;
modificarea stocurilor; export; import.
c) Metoda veniturilor PHWRGDUHSDUWL LHL PIB = RS + EBE + IPRI − SE ,
unde: RS EBE IPRI SE
- compensarea factoruluiPXQF UHPXQHUDUHDVDODULD LORU - excedentul brut de exploatare; - LPSR]LWHOHJDWHGHSURGXF LHúLGHLPSRUW - VXEYHQ LLGHH[SORDWDUHúLGHLPSRUW
PRODUSUL INTERN NET (PIN) 3,1 H[SULP YDORDUHD DG XJDW QHW D EXQXULORU úL VHUYLFLLORU ILQDOH SURGXVH vQWU WR LDJHQ LLHFRQRPLFLLQWHUQL
PINVHFDOFXOHD]
GHED]
PIN = PIB − A
-un an de
DWkWODSUH XOSLH HLFkWúLODSUH XOIDFWRULORU SUH XUL
352'868/1$
PNB UHSUH]LQW
,21$
L BRUT (PNB)
YDORDUHD EUXW GH SLD
D EXQXULORU úL VHUYLFLLORU ILQDOH RE LQXWH vQWU
GHDJHQ LLHFRQRPLFLUH]LGHQ LDWkWvQLQWHULRUXO LQWHULRUXO
ULL 6H RE LQH FRUHFWkQG
ULLFkWúLvQH[WHULRUXO
-un an
ULLFDUHDXIRVWXWLOL]DWHvQ
PIB FX VROGXO YHQLWXULORU IDFWRULORU vQ UDSRUW FX VWU
LQ WDWHD
(SVFS): PNB = PIB + SVFS 352'868/1$
PNN P
,21$/1(7
PNN)
VRDU YDORDUHD DG XJDW QHW D EXQXULORU úL VHUYLFLLORU ILQDOH RE LQXWH vQWU
DJHQ LL HFRQRPLFL UH]LGHQ L vQ LQWHULRUXO VDX vQ H[WHULRUXO
-un an de
ULL GDU FDUH DX UHYHQLW VXELHFWHORU
economice interne: PNN = PNB − A 9(1,78/1$
sau
,21$/
PNN = PIN + SVFS
VN)
91 H[SULP YHQLWXULOH IDFWRULORU GH SURGXF LH LPSOLFD L vQ DFWLYLWDWHD HFRQRPLF YHQLWXUL
din
PXQF úL GLQ SURSULHWDWH 9HQLWXO QD LRQDO HVWH SURGXVXO QD LRQDO QHW OD SUH XULOH IDFWRULORU
SUH XULOHGHED]
VN = PNN
9(1,78/1$
pb
,21$/%587
VNB)
VNB = VN + A 9(1,78/ 1$
,21$/ ',6321,%,/
(VND) este VN corectat cu transferuri cu
VWU LQ WDWHDFDUHQXDXOHJ WXU FXSURFHVXOGHSURGXF LH FRWL]D LLDMXWRDUHWD[HHWF
VND = VN + STCS ,
unde: STCS -VROGXO vQFDV
ULPLQXVSO
L WUDQVIHUXULORUFXUHQWHFXVWU LQ WDWHD
VENITUL PERSONAL AL MENAJELOR (VPM) repre]LQW care revine menajelor:
SDUWHD GLQ YHQLWXO QD LRQDO
VP = VN − VAS + TM ,
unde: VAS
-
TM
-
YHQLWXULFDUHUHYLQDOWRUVHFWRDUH FRQWULEX LDSHQWUXDVLJXU ULOHVRFLDOH
profituri nedistribuite ale firmelor, impozitul pe profit; WUDQVIHUXULF WUHPHQDMH SHQVLLDMXWRUGHúRPDMDOWHDMXWRDUHEXUVHDORFD LL
VENITUL DISPONIBIL AL MENAJELOR (VDM) HVWH YDORDUHD U
PDV GXS SODWD
LPSR]LWHORUúLWD[HORUSO WLWHGHSRSXOD LH
VDM = VPM − Imp.pop.
VenitulSHUVRQDOGLVSRQLELOHVWHIRORVLWSHQWUXFXPS
UDUHDEXQXULORUúLVHUYLFLLORUGHFRQVXP
úLSHQWUXHFRQRPLVLUH
,1',&$725,'(5,9$
rata consumuluiH[SULP
¾
,
SRQGHUHDFRQVXPXOXLILQDOVDXDXQHLDGLQFHOHGRX FRPSRQHQWH
FRQVXPSULYDWúLFRQVXPSXEOLF vQ
PIB;
¾ UDWDLQYHVWL LLORUP VRDU SRQGHUHDLQYHVWL LLORUEUXWHVDXQHWHvQ
PIB, respectiv PIN;
¾ UDWDYHQLWXULORUGLQPXQF
DUDW FHSURFHQWGLQ
VNGH LQHDFHDVW
FRPSRQHQW
¾ UDWDFRPHU XOXLH[WHULRUFRPSDU VXEIRUP GHUDSRUWLPSRUWXOVDXH[SRUWXOFX
PIB/locuitorP
¾
PIB;
VRDU UH]XOWDWHOHFHUHYLQvQPHGLHSHRSHUVRDQ
¾ HILFLHQ DIDFWRULORUGHSURGXF LH
• • •
productivitatea muncii = PIBSRSXOD LHRFXSDW productivitatea capitalului fix = PIBYDORDUHDPHGLHDQXDO DFDSLWDOXOXLIL[ HILFLHQ DFRQVXPXOXLHQHUJHWLc= PIB/consum de energie etc.
¾ UDWHVSHFLILFHFRQWDELOLW
•
LLQD LRQDOH
UDWDGHHFRQRPLHDPHQDMHORUHVWHUDSRUWXOGLQWUHHFRQRPLDEUXW úLYHQLWXOGLVSRQLELOEUXWDO
menajelor; • • •
UDWDGHHFRQRPLHILQDQFLDU VHFDOFXOHD] FDUDSRUWvQWUHFDSDFLWDWHD QHFHVDUXO GHILQDQ DUH úLYHQLWXOGLVSRQLELOEUXWSHWRWDOHFRQRPLH UDWDH[FHGHQWXOXLEUXWHVWHUH]XOWDWXOvPS U LULLH[FHGHQWXOXLEUXWGHH[SORDWDUHODYDORDUHD DG XJDW EUXW UDWDGHSUHVLXQHILVFDO UHSUH]LQW SRQGHUHDLPSR]LWHORUvQFDVDWHGHDGPLQLVWUD LDSXEOLF vQ
PIB; •
UDWDGHSUHVLXQHVRFLDO H[SULP SRQGHUHDFRWL]D LLORUVRFLDOHHIHFWLYHvQFDVDWHGHVWDWvQ
PIB.
&203$5$
,,Ì17,03
3,%5($/ù,',1$0,&$$&(678,$
PIB real (PIB*)VHRE LQHSULQGHIOD LRQDUHDPIB nominal. 1.
utilizarea unui indice de pre XUL de tip Paasche. Acest v LQGLFH VH RE LQH LQGLUHFW GLQ UHOD LD GH VLVWHP GLQWUH LQGLFHOH YDORULL I (indicele PIB q nominal), indicele volumului fizic I GHWLS/DVSH\UHV úLLQGLFHOHSUH XULORU I p . 'HIOD LRQDUHD 3,% QRPLQDO SULQ
I
p
=I
v
=
÷I q,
v
unde:
I
∑ p1 q1 ∑ p0q0
úL
I
=
q
∑ p 0 q1 ∑ p0q0
PIBUHDOVHRE LQHUDSRUWkQGPIB QRPLQDOGLQSHULRDGDFXUHQW PIB * =
ODLQGLFHOHSUH XULORU
PIB I
p
2. Calculul PIB realFDVXP
DFRPSRQHQWHORUVDOHGHIOD LRQDWH
PIB * = ∑ C *j ,
unde
C *j =
C p
IC
j
'H H[HPSOX SRUQLQG GH OD HOHPHQWHOH GH XWLOL]DUH ILQDO
j
j
PIB real se poate determina cu
UHOD LD
PIB * = CP * + CA* + FBC * + EXN *
Atunci când se cunosc indicii
GH SUH XUL SH UDPXUL HFRQRPLFH
PIB UHDO VH FDOFXOHD]
FX
UHOD LD
PIB * = ∑ VAB i* ,
unde: VAB i* - YDORDUHD DG
XJDW EUXW GLQ UDPXUD GHIOD LRQDW FX LQGLFHOH GH SUH XUL
i
FRUHVSXQ] WRUUDPXULL
Deflatorul PIB VHFDOFXOHD]
D=
PIB1 PIB1*
5DWDLQIOD LHL
RI = D% -100% Dinamica PIB real I 1PIB /0
*
=
PIB 1* PIB 0
FD
raport între PIBQRPLQDOúLPIB real:
6$/$5,8/5($/ù,',1$0,&$$&(678,$
Salariul real (SR) VH FDOFXOHD] consum.
FD UDSRUW vQWUH VDODULXO QRPLQDO QHW úL LQGLFHOH SUH XULORU GH
Salariul nominal net (SN OD QLYHOXO HFRQRPLHL VH FDOFXOHD]
SH ED]D XQXL HúDQWLRQ GH
DJHQ L HFRQRPLFL DOF WXLW GLQ VXEHúDQWLRDQH UHSUH]HQWDWLYH SHQWUX ILHFDUH UDPXU VXEUDPXU GH
activitate. Etape de calcul: 1. Salariul mediu net la nivelul subramurii s: SN s =
∑ ( FBS i − R i ) , ∑T i
unde: FBS i - fondul brut de salarii la nivelul agentului economic i; - WRWDOXOUH LQHULORUGLQVDODULLODQLYHOXODJHQWXOXLHFRQRPLFi; Ri - QXP UXOPHGLXGHVDODULD LODQLYHOXODJHQWXOXLHFRQRPLFi; Ti
2.
6DODULXOPHGLXQHWODQLYHOXOILHF UHLUDPXUL
SN r =
∑ SN s ⋅ Ts , ∑ Ts
unde: Ts -QXP
3.
r:
UXOPHGLXGHVDODULD LODQLYHOXOVXEUDPXULL
s.
6DODULXOPHGLXQHWODQLYHOXOHFRQRPLHLQD LRQDO
e:
SN =
∑ SN r ⋅ Tr ∑ Tr
unde: Tr –QXP
,
UXOPHGLXGHVDODULD LODQLYHOXOUDPXULL
,QGLFHOHSUH XULORUGHFRQVXP
IPC =
unde: Ip c g 0(%) -
r.
(tip Laspeyres):
∑ I p ⋅ p0 q0 = ∑ I p ⋅ g 0c(%) , 100 ∑ p 0 q0
LQGLFLGHSUH XULSHQWUXSURGXVHDOLPHQWDUHSURGXVHQHDOLPHQWDUHúLVHUYLFLL SRQGHUHDFKHOWXLHOLORUGHFRQVXPSHQWUXP UIXULDOLPHQWDUHP UIXUL QHDOLPHQWDUHúLVHUYLFLLvQWRWDOXOFKHOWXLHOLORUGHFRQVXPvQSHULRDGDGHED]
Salariul real (SR): SR0 = SN0 SR1 =
SN 1 IPC
Dinamica salariului real: I SR =
SR1 I SN = SR0 IPC
5DWDLQIOD LHLvQGRPHQLXOFRQVXPXOXL
:
RI = IPC% - 100 ,QGLFHOHSXWHULLGHFXPS
IPCB =
UDUHDEDQLORU
IPCB):
1 IPC
'LQDPLFDVDODULXOXLUHDOvQIXQF LHGHVDODULXOQRPLQDOúLGHSXWHUHDGHFXPS UDUHDEDQLORU
I SR = I SN ⋅ IPCB
PROBLEME REZOLVATE
1. 6HFXQRVFXUP WRDUHOHGDWHSHQWUXHFRQRPLD5RPkQLHLvQSHULRDGD
– 1998: Tabelul 8.1.
Anii
3,%vQSUH XUL
,QGLFLL3,%ID
curente (mld. lei) de 1990 (%) 0 1 2 1990 857,9 100 1991 2203,9 87,1 1992 6029,2 79,4 1993 20035,7 80,6 1994 49773,2 83,8 1995 72135,5 89,8 1996 108919,6 93,4 1997 252925,7 87,7 1998 371193,8 83,5 1999 539356,9 81,6 Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997, pag. 354, 357; anul 2000, pag. 280-281.
Se cere: 1. deflatorul PIBvQILHFDUHDQID GH úLID GHDQXOSUHFHGHQW 2. UDWDLQIOD LHLvQILHFDUHDQID GH úLID GHDQXOSUHFHGHQW 3. 3,%UHDOID GH úLID GHDQXOSUHFHGHQW 4. dinamica PIBUHDOvQILHFDUHDQID GHDQXOSUHFHGHQW 5. dinamica PIBUHDOúLUDWDLQIOD LHLID GH
Rezolvare 1. Pentru a calcula deflatorul PIBHVWHQHFHVDUV
VHFDOFXOH]HPDLvQWkLLQGLFLL
PIB nominal
FXED] IL[
I tPIB 0 =
PIBt PIB0
,
t = 0, 9
unde
De exemplu: I1PIB /0 =
PIB1 2203,9 = = 2,5689 PIB0 857,9
sau
256,89%
Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 3. Deflatorul PIBILLQGXQLQGLFHDOSUH XULORUvQVLVWHP3DDVFKHVHSRDWHFDOFXODFDUDSRUW între dinamica PIBQRPLQDO LQGLFHOHYDORULL úLGLQDPLFDPIB real (indicele volumului fizic): Dt 0 =
I tv 0 I tq0
=
I tPIB /0 I tPIB /0
*
De exemplu: D1
0
=
2 , 5689 0 , 871
= 2 , 9494
sau
294,94%
Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 4. Pentru a calcula deflatorul PIBvQILHFDUHDQID •
indicii PIBQRPLQDOvQILHFDUHDQID
I tPIB t −1 =
GHDQXOSUHFHGHQWVHFDOFXOHD]
GHDQXOSUHFHGHQW
PIBt , PIBt −1
rezultatele calculelor fiind prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 5.
•
indicii PIBUHDOvQILHFDUH DQID
GHDQXOSUHFHGHQW SULQUHOD LDGHWUHFHUHGHODED]
IL[ ODED] vQODQ
I tPIB 0
*
I tPIB t −1 =
*
*
I tPIB −1 0
Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 6. Deflatorul PIBvQILHFDUHDQID
Dt t −1 =
GHDQXOSUHFHGHQW
I tPIB t −1 *
I tPIB t −1
Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 7. 2.
5DWDLQIOD LHL
•
ID
GH
RIt •
ID
0
= D t 0 ( % ) − 100% (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 8)
GHDQXOSUHFHGHQW
RIt
t −1
= Dt
t −1 ( %
3. PIBUHDOVHFDOFXOHD] •
vQILHFDUHDQID
PIB * = •
PIBt Dt 0
vQILHFDUHDQID
PIB * =
PIBt Dt t −1
) − 100% (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 9)
FDUDSRUWvQWUH
GH
(vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 10) GHDQXOSUHFHGHQW
(vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 11)
4. Dinamica PIBUHDOvQILHFDUHDQID *
I PIB =
PIBQRPLQDOúLGHIODWRUXOPIB astfel:
GHDQXOSUHFHGHQWVHFDOFXOHD] DVWIHO
PIBt* PIBt −1
5H]XOWDWHOHFDOFXOHORUVXQWLGHQWLFHFXUH]XOWDWHOHGLQWDEHOXOFRORDQDGDUVHRIHU
un alt mod de calcul.
5. Dinamica PIBUHDOID
I tPIB4
*
=
I tPIB0 I
GH
t = 4 ):
*
PIB * t −1 0
, unde t = 5 , 9
Prin urmare: I
PIB * 5 4
I
PIB
*
6 4
I
PIB
*
7 4
I
PIB
*
8 4
I
PIB
=
=
=
=
I 5PIB0
*
I 4PIB0
*
I 6PIB0
*
I 4PIB0
*
I 7PIB0
*
I 4PIB0
*
I 8PIB0
*
I
*
8 4
=
PIB * 4 0
I 9PIB0 I
=
89 , 8
=
93 , 4
=
87 , 7
=
83 , 5
=
81 , 6
83 , 8
83 , 8
83 , 8
83 , 8
= 1 , 0716
sau 107,16%
= 1 , 1145
sau 111,45%
= 1 , 0465
sau 104,65%
= 0 , 9964 sau 99,64%
*
PIB * 4 0
83 , 8
= 0 , 9737 sau 97,37%
5DWDLQIOD LHLFRUHVSXQ] WRDUHILHF UXLLQGLFHVHFDOFXOHD] VF ]kQGGLQYDORDUHD DFHVWXLDH[SULPDW SURFHQWXDO
*
RI t / 4 = I tPIB4 (%) − 100% , unde t = 5 , 9 ,
astfel:
RI5
4
= +7 , 16%
R I 6 4 = +11,45% R I 7 4 = +4,65%
R I 8 4 = −0,36% R I 9 4 = −2,63%
2.
6H FXQRVF XUP WRULL LQGLFDWRUL SHQWUX HFRQRPLD 5RPkQLHL SHQWUX DQLL úL PLOLDUGHOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
Tabelul 8.3. Indicator 0 1. Consumul final &RQVXPXOILQDODOSRSXOD LHL &RQVXPXOILQDODODGPLQLVWUD LHLSXEOLFH &RQVXPXOILQDODODGPLQLVWUD LHLSULYDWH )RUPDUHDEUXW GHFDSLWDOIL[
6. Modificarea stocurilor 7. Export net 6. Export 7. Import 0RGLILFDUHDSUH XULORUID
1994 1 38452,4 31442,0 6851,8 158,6 10095,7 2252,6 -1027,5 12394,2 13421,7
1996 2 89939,4 75288,8 14273,9 376,7 24998,5 3161,4 -9179,7 30651,1 39830,8
GH OD
• Consumul final • )RUPDUHDEUXW GHFDSLWDOIL[ • Modificarea stocurilor • Export • Import Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 343, 347, 536
+97,36 +119,12 -16,6 +88,13 +84,41
Se cere: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
PIBQRPLQDOvQFHOHGRX SHULRDGH PIBUHDOvQ ID GH Dinamica PIB real; Deflatorul PIBúLUDWDLQIOD LHLvQ ID GH Structura PIBGXS PHWRGDFKHOWXLHOLORUvQFHOHGRX structurale.
SHULRDGHúLDQDOL]DPXWD LLORU
Rezolvare 1. PIB nominal vQFHOHGRX
SHULRDGHVHDIO IRORVLQGPHWRGDFKHOWXLHOLORU
PIB = CF + FBCF + S + EXN PIB0 = 38452,4 + 10095,7 + 2252,6 - 1027,5 = 49773,2 mld. lei PIB1 = 89939,4 + 24998,5 + 3161,4 - 9179,7 = 108919,6 mld. lei 2.
3,%UHDOvQ ID
GH VHFDOFXOHD] FRQIRUPUHOD LHL
PIB* = CF* + FBCF* + S* + EXP* - IMP* , unde: CF * =
CF1 p I CF
=
89939 , 4 1 , 973
= 45585 , 09 mld.lei
FBCF 1
FBCF * =
I ∆S * =
∆S 1 I
EXP * =
p ∆S
p FBCF
=
EXP1 p
IMP1 I
p IMP
24998 , 5
3161 , 4 0 , 834
2 , 191
= 11409 , 63 mld.lei
= 3790 , 64 mld.lei
=
30651 , 1
=
39830 , 8
I EXP IMP * =
=
1 , 8813
1 , 8441
= 16292 , 51 mld.lei
= 21599 , 04 mld.lei
PIB 1* = 45585 , 09 + 11409 , 63 + 3790 , 64 + 16292 , 51 − 21599 , 04 = = 55478 , 83 mld.lei
3. Dinamica PIB real
I
PIB *
=
PIB 1* PIB 0
=
55478 , 83 = 1 , 1146 49773 , 2
PIBUHDODFUHVFXWvQ FXID 4. Deflatorul PIBVHFDOFXOHD] D=
PIB1 PIB1*
=
sau 111,46%
GH
FDUDSRUWvQWUH
PIBQRPLQDOúLPIB real din 1996:
108919,6 = 1,9633 sau 196,33% 55478,83
5DWDLQIOD LHL
RI = D(%) − 100% = 196,33% − 100% = +96,33%
3. 6HFXQRVFGDWHOH PLOLDUGHOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
Tabelul 8.4. Indicator 0 5HPXQHUDUHDVDODULD LORU
2. Amortizarea capitalului fix )RUPDUHDEUXW GHFDSital fix 4. Excedentul brut de exploatare ,PSR]LWHOHJDWHGHSURGXF LHúLLPSRUW 6XEYHQ LLGHH[SORDWDUH 5DWDLQIOD LHL
1994 1 22250 4870 12200 19750 10300 2600 -
1997 2 82000 20400 53000 122500 55500 10000 385
Se cere: 1. PIBQRPLQDOvQFHOHGRX SHULRDGH 2. PIB real; 3. Dinamica PIBUHDOvQSHULRDGDFXUHQW
ID
GH
Rezolvare 1. Pentru calculul PIB nominalVHIRORVHúWHPHWRGDYHQLWXULORU PIB = RS + EBE + IPRI – SE PIB0 = 22250 + 19750 + 10300 – 2600 = 49700 mld. lei PIB1 = 82000 + 122500 + 55500 – 10000 = 250000 mld. lei 2. Produsul intern brut real (PIB*)
PIB 0* = PIB 0 = 49000 mld. lei PIB 1* =
PIB 1 D
=
PIB 1 RI + 100 100
=
250000 250000 = = 51546 , 39 mld.lei 385 + 100 4 , 85 100
3. Dinamica PIB real
I
PIB *
=
PIB 1* PIB 0*
=
51546 , 39 49700
= 1 , 0371 sau 103,71%
PIBUHDODFUHVFXWFXvQ ID
GH
4.
Se cunosc datele (miliaUGHOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH Tabelul 8.5. Indicator 0 9HQLWXOQD LRQDO
2. Amortizarea capitalului fix 3. Impozite indirecte nete 4. Excedentul net de exploatare 5. Soldul veniturilor factorilor în raport cu
Perioada GHED]
Perioada FXUHQW
1 38000 5800 5000 22500 -900
2 182000 20400 12000 82000 -35600
-1000 +1400
-17000 +2000
VWU LQ WDWHD
6. Exportul net 7. Soldul transferurilor curente în raport cu VWU LQ WDWHD
Se cere: 1. PIBQRPLQDOvQFHOHGRX SHULRDGH 2. PINODSUH XULOHSLH HLúLPINODSUH XOIDFWRULORU SUH XULOHGHED] 3. UHPXQHUDUHDVDODULD LORU 4. YHQLWXOQD LRQDOGLVSRQLELO
Rezolvare 1. PIB = VN + IIN +A – SVFS, unde IIN –LPSR]LWHOHJDWHGHSURGXF LHúLLPSRUWPLQXV VXEYHQ LLGHH[SORDWDUH
PIB0 = 38000 + 5000 + 5800 - (-900) = 49700 mld. lei PIB1 = 182000 + 12000 + 20400 – (-35600) = 250000 mld. lei 2. PINpp = PIB – A PIN0,pp= 49700 – 5800 = 43900 mld. lei PIN1,pp = 250000 – 20400 = 229600 mld. lei PINpf = PINpp – IIN PIN0,pf = 43900 – 5000 = 38900 mld. lei PIN1,pf = 229600 – 12000 = 217600 mld. lei 3.
5HPXQHUDUHDVDODULD LORU 56
PIB = RS + ENE + A + IIN, unde ENE – excedentul net de exploatare, de unde: RS = PIB – ENE – A – IIN RS0 = 49700 – 22500 – 5800 - 5000 = 16400 mld. lei RS1 = 250000 – 82000 – 20400 – 12000 = 135600 mld.lei 4. Venitul na LRQDOGLVSRQLELO 91' VND = VN + STCS VND0 = 38000 + 1400 = 39400 mld. lei VND1 = 182000 + 2000 = 184000 mld. lei
5.
6HFXQRVFXUP WRDUHOHGDWH
Tabelul 8.6. Productivitatea muncii
Ramura
PLLOHLSHUVRDQ
1994 1 6042,5 2726,6 5134,5
0 ,QGXVWULHFRQVWUXF LL $JULFXOWXU VLOYLFXOWXU
Alte ramuri Total
6WUXFWXUDSRSXOD LHL
ocupate (%) 1994 1996 3 4 35,09 33,93 36,19 34,89 28,72 31,18 100,0 100,0
1996 2 7447,25 3020,36 5861,87
Se cere: 1. 2. 3.
GLQDPLFDSURGXFWLYLW
LLPXQFLLSHILHFDUHUDPXU
SURGXFWLYLWDWHDPHGLHDPXQFLLODQLYHOXOvQWUHJLLHFRQRPLLvQFHOHGRX SHULRDGH LQGLFLLGHJUXSDLSURGXFWLYLW
LLPHGLLDPXQFLLFXVWUXFWXU YDULDELO FXVWUXFWXU IL[ úL
DOYDULD LHLVWUXFWXULL
4.
V VHGHWHUPLQHFRQWULEX LDILHF UXLIDFWRUODPRGLILFDUHDDEVROXW DSURGXFWLYLW
LLPHGLL
a muncii pe întreaga economie. Rezolvare 1.
'LQDPLFDSURGXFWLYLW
LLPXQFLLSHQWUXUDPXUD
i: I
Wi
=
Wi1 Wi0
(vezi tabelul 8.7., coloana 1) Tabelul 8.7. Ramura 0 ,QGXVWULHFRQVWUXF LL $JULFXOWXU VLOYLFXOWXU
Alte ramuri Total
2.
'LQDPLFDSURGXFWLYLW
LL
muncii 1 1,2325 1,1077 1,1417
3URGXFWLYLWDWHD PHGLH OD QLYHOXO vQWUHJLL HFRQRPLL VH FDOFXOHD] FD PHGLH DULWPHWLF SRQGHUDW D SURGXFWLYLW
LORU SH UDPXUL IRORVLQG GUHSW SRQGHUH VWUXFWXUD SRSXOD LHL
ocupare pe ramuri: 3
W0 =
∑Wi 0 ⋅ g iPO 0 (%) i =1
100
= 4581,69
=
6042,5 ⋅ 35,09 + 2726,6 ⋅ 36,19 + 5134,5 ⋅ 28,72 = 100
PLLOHLSHUVRDQ
3
W1 =
∑ Wi1 ⋅ g iPO 1(%) i =1
100 = 5408,38
=
7447,25.33,93 + 3020,36.34,89 + 5861.31,18 = mii lei 100
PLLOHLSHUVRDQ
3.
3HQWUX FDOFXODUHD LQGLFLORU SURGXFWLYLW
GH JUXS HVWH QHFHVDU GHWHUPLQDUHD
LLPHGLLXWLOL]kQGSURGXFWLYLW
vQ
SUHDODELO D
LOHSDU LDOHGLQSHULRDGDGHED] SRQGHUDWHFX
VWUXFWXUDSRSXOD LHLRFXSDWHGLQSHULRDGDFXUHQW
3
W* =
∑Wi 0 ⋅ g iPO 1(%) i =1
100 = 4602,46
6042,5 ⋅ 33,93 + 2726,6 ⋅ 34,89 + 5134,5 ⋅ 31,18 = 100
=
PLLOHLSHUVRDQ
Calculul indicilor de grup: I SV = I W (W , g
I VS = I W ( g
PO
PO
)
=
I SF = I W (W ) = 4.
)
=
W1 5408,38 = = 1,1804 sau 118,04% W0 4581,69
W* 4602,46 = = 1,0045 W0 4581,69
sau 100,45%
W1 5408,38 = = 1,1751 sau 117,51% W* 4602,46
0RGLILF ULOHDEVROXWHVHRE LQVF ]kQGQXPLWRUXOGLQQXP U WRUSHQWUXILHFDUHLQGLFH
astfel: ∆W (W , g ∆W (
PO
)
PO
)
= W1 − W0 = 5408,38 − 4581,69 = 826,69 mii lei
= W* − W0 = 4602,46 − 4581,69 = 20,77 mii lei
∆W (W ) = W1 − W* = 5408,38 − 4602,46 = 805,92 mii lei 0RGLILF ULOHDEVROXWHYHULILF UHOD LDGHVLVWHP
∆W (W , g
PO
)
= ∆W ( g
PO
)
+ ∆W (W ) = 20,77 − 805,92 = 826,69 mii lei
3HED]DDFHVWHLUHOD LLVHSRDWHGHWHUPLQDFRQWULEX LDUHODWLY DILHF UXLIDFWRUOD PRGLILFDUHDSURGXFWLYLW
K
∆W ( g
K∆
PO )
W (W )
=
∆W ( g
=
PO
∆W (W , g
W (W , g PO )
∆
)
PO
∆W (W )
LLPHGLLDPXQFLLSHW
)
=
=
otal:
20,77 = 0,0258 sau 2,58% 826,69
805,92 = 0,9742 sau 97,42% 826,69
5H]XOW F SHWRWDOHFRQRPLHPRGLILFDUHDDEVROXW DSURGXFWLYLW DSURDSH vQ WRWDOLWDWH FUHúWHULL SURGXFWLYLW
LLPXQFLLVHGDWRUHD]
LL PXQFLL OD QLYHOXO UDPXULORU
),
LQIOXHQ D PRGLILF ULL VWUXFWXULL SRSXOD LHL RFXSDWH SH UDPXUL ILLQG QHVHPQLILFDWLY
(2,58%).
6.
6HFXQRVFXUP WRDUHOHGDWH
Tabelul 8.8. Indicator 0 1. Salariul mediu net (lei) 2. Structura cheltuielilor de consum (%): • 0 UIXULDOLPHQWDUH • 0 UIXULQHDOLPHQWDUH • Servicii 0RGLILFDUHDSUH XULORUID
1996 1 321169
1997 2 632086
56,4 28,5 15,1
58,10 25,50 16,40
GH OD
• 0 UIXULDOLPHQWDUH • 0 UIXULQHDOLPHQWDUH • Servicii Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 168, 184
+151,36 +152,52 +176,47
Se cere: 1. LQGLFHOHSUH XULORUGHFRQVXP 2. salariul real; 3. dinamica salariului real; 4. UDWDLQIOD LHLvQGRPHQLXOFRQVXPXOXL
Rezolvare 1.
,QGLFHOHSUH XULORUGHFRQVXP
IPC =
∑ I p g 0C (%) 100
Se cunosc datele privind structura cheltXLHOLORU PRGLILFDUHDSUH XULORUúLWDULIHORU
I p g 0C(%) ∑ IPC = 100
=
(Rp = IP(%) - 100). Deci, I
SN IPC
SR0 = SN 0 = 321169 lei/salariat SR1 =
p
=
R
SN1 632086 = = 247411,14 lei/salariat IPC 2,5548
g 0C (%)
+ 100 , de unde: 100
p
2,5136 ⋅ 56,4 + 2,5252 ⋅ 28,5 + 2,7647 ⋅ 15,1 = 2,5548 100
2. Salariul real (SR)
SR =
vQ SHULRDGD GH ED]
úL
3. Dinamica salariului real I SR =
SR1 247411,14 = = 0,7703 sau 77,03% SR0 321169
'HFLSXWHUHDGHFXPS UDUHDVDODULXOXLPHGLXQRPLQDOQHWDVF ]XWvQ ID
GH
FX FHHDFHvQVHDPQ F VDODULLOHDXFUHVFXWPDLSX LQGHFkWSUH XULOHGHFRQVXP 'DF SUH XULOH DX FUHVFXW FX VDODULXO QRPLQDO QHW D FUHVFXW FX
632086 .100 −100 . 321169
7.
6HFXQRVFXUP WRDUHOHGDWHOH
Tabelul 8.9. Indicatori 0
1996 1 108391 83,69 23,13
3,% POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
Rata consumului final (%) 5DWDLQYHVWL LLORUEUXWH
1997 2 249750 85,50 19,20
9DULD LDVWRFXULORUPDWHULDOH POGOHL SUH XULFXUHQWH
1695 5744 Indicii volumului fizic (%) pentru : 100 93,69 - consumul final 100 85,60 -IRUPDUHDEUXW GHFDSLWDO - export net 100 72,91 Sursa: calcule pe baza Anuarului Statistic al României, anul 1997; date CNS pentru anul 1997
Se cere: 1. exportul net în cei doi ani; 2. PIB real; 3. GLQDPLFDQRPLQDO úLUHDO DPIB; 4. deflatorul PIBúLUDWDLQIOD LHL Rezolvare:
1. PURGXVXO LQWHUQ EUXW GXS
PHWRGD XWLOL]
ULL ILQDOH VH GHWHUPLQ FD VXP D XUP WRDUHORU
HOHPHQWH FRQVXPILQDODOSRSXOD LHLúLDGPLQLVWUD LHL
(FBCF YDULD LDVWRFXULORU ∆S úLH[SRUWQHW EXN). •
CF IRUPDUHDEUXW
Rata consumului final este: RCF =
CF RCF ⋅ PIB ⋅ 100 ⇒ CF = PIB 100
CF96= 0,8369⋅ CF97= 0,855⋅
POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
GHFDSLWDOIL[
•
5DWDLQYHVWL LLORUEUXWH
RIB =
RIB) este:
FBCF RIB ⋅ PIB ⋅ 100 ⇒ FBCF = PIB 100
FBCF96= 0,2313⋅108391 = 25076 mld. lei pUH XULFXUHQWH FBCF97= 0,192⋅
POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
([SRUWXOQHW POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
PIB = CF + FBCF + ∆S + EXN ⇒
⇒ EXN = PIB-CF-FBCF- ∆ S
EXN96= 108391 – 90711- 25076-1695 = -9091 EXN97=249750 – 213536 – 47952 – 5744 = -17482 2. PIB realVHGHWHUPLQ
vQDFHVWFD]FDVXP DFRPSRQHQWHORUVDOHGHIOD LRQDWHFXDMXWRUXO
LQGLFLORU GH SUH XUL FRUHVSXQ] WRUL ,QGLFLL SUH XULORU FRPSRQHQWHORU
FDOFXOHD] SRUQLQGGHODUHOD LD
I Cv j = I Cq j ⋅ I Cpj ⇒ I Cpj =
I Cv j I Cq j
Cj ale PIB se
,
unde:
I Cv j
- indicele valorii nominale a componentei j;
I Cq j
- indicele volumului fizic a componentei j;
I Cpj
-
LQGLFHOHSUH XULORUFRPSRQHQWHL
j.
&RQIRUP UHOD LHLDQWHULRDUHLQGLFLL GH SUH XUL SHQWUX FRQVXPXO ILQDO
de capital FBC FD VXP exportul net EXN sunt:
p
I CF
213536 90711 = = 2 , 513 0 , 9369
p
47952 + 5744 25076 + 1695 = = 2 , 343 0 , 856
p
− 17482 − 9091 = = 2 , 637 0 , 7291
I FBC
I EXN
CF IRUPDUHD EUXW
vQWUH IRUPDUHD EUXW GH FDSLWDO IL[ úL YDULD LD VWRFXULORU úL
PIB real (PIB *) sHGHWHUPLQ
PIB * = ∑ C *j =∑ j
unde:
j
Cj
FXUHOD LD
,
I cpj
C *j - componenta jGHIOD LRQDW
* PIB96 = PIB96 = 108391 POGOHLSUH XUL
* PIB97 =
CF p I CF
+
FBC p I FBC
+
EXN p I EXN
=
213536 53696 17482 + − = 2,513 2,343 2,637
POGOHLSUH XUL
3.
'LQDPLFDQRPLQDO
I PIB =
:
PIB97 249750 = = 2,3042 PIB96 108391
'LQDPLFDUHDO
I PIB• =
D3,%
D3,%
* PIB97 * PIB96
&X WRDWH F
sau 230,42%
:
=
101261 = 0,9342 sau 93,42% 108391
PIB nominal a crescut cu 130,42%, dinamica PIB H[SULPDW vQ SUH XUL -a înregistrat o reducere cu 6,58% a PIB'LIHUHQ DGLQWUH
FRQVWDQWHDUDW F vQUHDOLWDWHV
FHOHGRX GLQDPLFLHVWHH[SOLFDW SULQFUHúWHUHDSUH XULORU
4. Deflatorul PIB – HVWH XQ LQGLFH VLQWHWLF DO SUH XULORU FRPSRQHQWHORU PIB úL VH RE LQH FD raport între PIB real (PIB* úLQRPLQDO PIB): D=
PIB PIB *
Pentru anul 1997, deflatorul PIB este: D=
249750 = 2,467 101261
5DWDLQIOD LHL
(RI):
RI = D% − 100% = 246,7% − 100% = +146,7%
8.
6HFXQRVFXUP WRDUHOHGDWH
Tabelul 8.10. Indicatori 0 Venitul disponibil brut* POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH (FRQRPLDEUXW
*
POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
)RUPDUHDEUXW GHFDSLWDOIL[ POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH 9DULD LDVWRFXULORU POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH ([SRUWQHW POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH ,PSR]LWHSHSURGXV POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH 6XEYHQ LL POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH 7D[HYDPDOH POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH 6WUXFWXUDYDORULLDG XJDWHEUXWH
1996 1 110890 20179 25076 1695 - 9091 7900 1849 1853 ….
DJULFXOWXU úLVLOYLFXOWXU
• industrie FRQVWUXF LL
• alte ramuri ,QGLFLLGHSUH XULDL9
%$1997 2 253746 40210 47952 5744 - 17482 18981 2498 3497 100 20,43 38,70 5,87 35,00
(%) în:
DJULFXOWXU úLVLOYLFXOWXU
100 100 FRQVWUXF LL 100 • alte ramuri 100 Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997; date CNS pentru anul 1997. • industrie
224,1 252,5 231,0 256,1
Se cere: 1. PIBODSUH XULOHSLH HL 2. YDORDUHDDG XJDW EUXW 3. PIBUHDOODSUH XULOHIDFWRULORU 4. UDWDLQIOD LHL Rezolvare 1.
3,%ODSUH XULOHSLH HLVHSRDWHGHWHUPLQDSULQPHWRGDFKHOWXLHOLORUFRQIRUPUHOD LHL
PIB pp = CF + FBCF + ∆S + TV + EXN , unde: CF FBCF ∆S TV EXN
- FRQVXPXOILQDO DOSRSXOD LHLúLDGPLQLVWUD iei); - IRUPDUHDEUXW GHFDSLWDOIL[ - YDULD LDVWRFXULORU - taxe vamale; - export net (export minus import).
Consumul final poate fi calculat ca diferHQ HFRQRPLDEUXW EB):
vQWUH YHQLWXO GLVSRQLELO EUXW
CF = VDB – EB CF96 = 110890 –
POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
CF97 = 253746 –
POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
VDB úL
PIBODSUH XULOHSLH HL POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH PIB96 = 90711 + 25076 + 1695 – 9091 = 108391 mld. lei PIB97 = 213536 + 47952 + 5744 – 17482 = 249750 mld. lei 2.
9DORDUHD DG XJDW EUXW SH DQVDPEOXO HFRQRPLHL VH GHWHUPLQ VF ]kQG GLQ PIB, impozitele indirecte nete (impozite pe produs IP PLQXV VXEYHQ LL S plus taxe vamale TV):
Σ VABi = PIB – (IP - S + TV) Σ VAB96 = 108391 – (7900 -
POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
Σ VAB97 = 249750 – (18981 -
3.
POGOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
3,%UHDOODSUH XULOHIDFWRULORUVHGHWHUPLQ vQVXPkQGYDORDUHDDG XJDW EUXW SHUDPXUL DOHHFRQRPLHLGHIOD LRQDW FXLQGLFLLFRUHVSXQ] WRULGHSUH XUL
PIB *pf = ΣVABi* = Σ
VABi I ip
VABi 1 = PIB pf Σ ÷ p , ∑ VAB I i i
unde: VABi ∑ VABi
- ponderea VAB din ramura i în total;
I ip
-
LQGLFHOHGHSUH XULDO
VAB din ramura i;
* PIB96 = PIB96
POGOHLSUH XUL
35 20,43 38,70 5,87 * PIB97 = 229770 ⋅ + + + = 93403,4 POGOHLSUH XUL 224,1 252,5 231 256,1 4.
5DWDLQIOD LHL
(RI) se poate calcula pe baza deflatorului PIB (D FRQIRUPUHOD LHL
RI = D% - 100% Deflatorul PIB: D97 =
PIB97 * PIB97
=
229770 = 2,45997 sau 245,997% 93403,4
5DWDLQIOD LHLvQDQXO HVWH
RI97 = 245,997% – 100% = +145,997%.
9.
6HFXQRVFXUP WRDUHOHGDWHSULYLQGYHQLWXULOHúLFRQVXPXOIDPLOLLORUGHVDODULD L
Tabelul 8.11. Indicatori 0
UM 1
&RQVXPXOOXQDUDOIDPLOLLORUGHVDODULD L SUH XUL
OHLJRVSRG ULH
curente) Structura cheltuielilor de consum ale familiilor de
1995 2 518790
1996 3 759958
%
VDODULD L
• • • • • • •
P UIXULDOLPHQWDUHúLE XWXUL vPEU F PLQWHúLvQF O ORFXLQ
PLQWH
úLvQ]HVWUDUHDFXEXQXUL
PHGLFDPHQWHúLVHUYLFLLPHGLFDOH WUDQVSRUWúLFRPXQLFD LL vQY
PkQWFXOWXU
alte cheltuieli
,QGLFLLSUH XULORUGHFRQVXPSHJUXSHGHP UIXUL
56,1 11,8 15,0 1,2 7,1 4,5 4,3
56,4 11,3 15,7 1,5 6,3 4,1 4,7
1302,058
138,7 132,0 138,5 136,4 151 141,1 135,5 1907,423
6160
5939
%
(1995=100) • P UIXULDOLPHQWDUHúLE XWXUL • vPEU F PLQWHúLvQF O PLQWH • ORFXLQ úLvQ]HVWUDUHDFXbunuri • PHGLFDPHQWHúLVHUYLFLLPHGLFDOH • WUDQVSRUWúLFRPXQLFD LL • vQY PkQWFXOWXU • alte cheltuieli Fond lunar de salarii
mld. lei SUH XULFXUHQWH
1XP UPHGLXGHVDODULD L mii persoane Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997, p.190-191, 196, 412.
Se cere: 1. LQGLFHOHSUH XULORUGHFRQVXP 2. VDODULXOQRPLQDOúLUHDO GLQDPLFDDFHVWRUD 3. FRQWULEX LDIDFWRULORUODPRGLILFDUHDDEVROXW DIRQGXOXLUHDOGHVDODULL 4. indicele puterii dHFXPS UDUHDEDQLORU 5. GLQDPLFDQRPLQDO úLUHDO DFRQVXPXOXLIDPLOLLORUGHVDODULD L Rezolvare 1.
,QGLFHOH SUH XULORU GH FRQVXP
(IPC VH FDOFXOHD]
FD PHGLH DULWPHWLF SRQGHUDW D
LQGLFLORU LQGLYLGXDOL GH SUH XUL SH JUXSH GH P UIXUL IRORVLQG FD SRQGHUH FKHOWXLHOLORUGHFRQVXPGLQSHULRDGDGHED]
IPC =
∑ I jp ⋅ g 0Cj (%) j
100
,
unde: I jp -LQGLFHOHSUH XULORUSHQWUXJUXSDj;
g 0Cj (%) - Structura cheltuielilor de consum pentru grupei j (anul 1995).
structura
ÌQ FHOH FH XUPHD] YRP QRWD FX ³³ SHULRDGD GH ED] DQXO úL FX ³³SHULRDGD GH FXUHQW DQXO
IPC0= 100% IPC1= (138,7 ⋅ 56,1 + 132 ⋅ 11,8 + 138,5 ⋅ 15 + 136,4 ⋅ 1,2 + 151 ⋅ 7,1 + + 141,1 ⋅ 4,5 + 135,5 ⋅ 4,3) = 139% 2. Salariul mediu nominal – se poate calcula ca raporWvQWUHIRQGXOPHGLXOXQDUGHVDODULLúL QXP UXOGHVDODULD L6HH[SULP vQSUH XULOHFXUHQWHDOHILHF UXLDQ
SN =
FS , T
unde: SN - salariul nominal; FS - fondul de salarii; T - QXP UGHVDODULD L Salariul nominal mediu pe economie în úL DIRVW
SN 0 =
SN 1 =
1302 , 058 ⋅ 10 9 6160 ⋅ 10 3 1907 , 423 ⋅ 10 9 5939 ⋅ 10 3
= 211373 lei / salariat
= 321169 lei / salariat
Dinamica salariului nominal în perioada 1995 - 1996 a fost: I SN =
SN 1 SN 0
⋅ 100 =
321169 ⋅ 100 = 151 , 94% 211373
Salariul real (SR) - H[SULP
SXWHUHD GH FXPS UDUH D VDODULXOXL QRPLQDO úL VH RE LQH FD
UDSRUWvQWUHVDODULXOQRPLQDOúL
IPC:
SR =
SN IPC
SR0 = SN0 SR 1 =
SN 1 IPC 1
=
321169 = 231057 lei / salariat 1 , 39
Dinamica salariului realvQ ID I SR =
GH
SR1 231057 ⋅ 100 = ⋅ 100 = 109,3% SR0 213373
'HúLVDODULXOQRPLQDODFUHVFXWFX QLYHOXOULGLFDWDOLQIOD LHLDSHUPLVXQVSRUGH
numai 9,3% al salariului real.
3. Fondul real de salarii vQ SUH XUL FRQVWDQWH – VH RE LQH vPS
U LQG IRQGXO QRPLQDO
GHVDODULLODLQGLFHOHSUH XULORUGHFRQVXP
FS1* =
FS1 1907,423 = = 1372,247 mild. lei IPC 1,39
Pentru anul 1996, fondul nominal de salarii este egal cu fondul real de salarii: FS•0 = FS0 = 1302,058 mild. lei 0RGLILFDUHDDEVROXW
DIRQGXOXLUHDOGHVDODULL
:
∆FS * = FS1* − FS 0* = 1372,247 − 1302,058 = 70,189 mld. lei )RQGXOUHDOGHVDODULLGHSLQGHGHVDODULXOUHDOúLGHQXP UXOGHVDODULD L
FS * =
SN ⋅ T = SR ⋅ T IPC
,QIOXHQ DFUHúWHULLVDODULXOXLUHDODVXSUDPRGLILF ULLIRQGXOXLUHDOGHVDODULL
∆FS • ( SR) = ( SR1 − SR0 ) ⋅ T1 = (231057 − 211373) ⋅ 5939 = = 116909270 mii lei ≅ 116,903 mld lei ,QIOXHQ DUHGXFHULLQXP UXOXLVDODULD LORU
:
∆FS * (T ) = (T1 − T0 ) ⋅ SR0 = (5939 − 6160) ⋅ 211373 = −46713,433 mii lei ≅ ≅ −46,713 mld. lei Verificare: 70,189 ≈ 116,903 – 46,713 4.
,QGLFHOHSXWHULLGHFXPS
UDUHDEDQLORU
(IPCB):
IPCB =
1 IPC
IPCB =
1 = 0 , 719 sau 71 , 9% 1 , 39
5H]XOW F vQ DQXO SXWHUHD GH FXPS UDUH D EDQLORU UHSUH]LQW QXPDL GLQ QLYHOXODQXOXL 5HGXFHUHDSXWHULLGHFXPS UDUHDIRVWGH
5.
'LQDPLFDQRPLQDO
I CN =
CN 1 CN 0
DFRQVXPXOXLOXQDUDOIDPLOLLORUGHVDODULD LDIRVW
⋅ 100 ,
unde: CN1 úL CN0 – FRQVXPXO QRPLQDO OXQDU H[SULPDW vQ SUH XUL FXUHQWH DO IDPLOLLORU GH VDODULD L
I CN =
759958 ⋅ 100 = 146 , 49% 518790
&RQVXPXO QRPLQDO OXQDU DO IDPLOLLORU GH VDODULD L D FUHVFXW FX 2 SDUWH GLQ DFHDVW FUHúWHUH HVWH GDWRUDW LQIOD LHL 3HQWUX D GHWHUPLQD GLQDPLFD UHDO D FRQVXPXOXL
vom calcula în prealabil consumul lunar real (CR FX DMXWRUXO LQGLFHOXL SUH XULORU GH consum: CR =
CN IPC
CR 0 = CN 0 = 518790
CR 1 =
759958 = 546732 1 , 39
'LQDPLFDUHDO
I CR =
OHLJRVSRG ULH
CR 1 CR 0
OHLJRVSRG ULH
a consumuluiOXQDUDOIDPLOLLORUGHVDODULD LDIRVW ⋅ 100 =
546732 ⋅ 100 = 105 , 39% 518790
'HúLYDORDUHDFRQVXPXOXLDFUHVFXWFX DFHDVW GLQDPLF VHGDWRUHD] vQFHDPDL PDUHSDUWHFUHúWHULLSUH XULORUODEXQXULOHúLVHUYLFLLOHFDUHLQWU vQFRQVXPXOIDPLOLLORU VDODULD L &UHúWHUHD UHDO D FDQWLW
de
LL GH EXQXUL úL VHUYLFLL FRQVXPDWH D IRVW PXOW PDL
PRGHVW
PROBLEME PROPUSE
1.
6H FXQRVF XUP WRULL LQGLFDWRUL SHQWUX HFRQRPLD 5RPkQLHL SHQWUX DQLL úL PLOLDUGHOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
Tabelul 8.12. Indicator 0
1994 1 3URGXF LDEUXW 100339,4 2. Consumul intermediar 54384,7 9DORDUHDDG XJDW EUXW )RUPDUHDEUXW GHFDSLWDOIL[ 10095,7 5. Consumul final 38452,4 6. Consumul final alSRSXOD LHL 31442,0 7. Impozite pe produs (inclusiv TVA) 3848,2 8. Taxe vamale 648,9 6XEYHQ LLSHSURGXV 678,6 9. Modificarea stocurilor 2252,6 10. Export net -1027,5 Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 340-343
1997 2 229445,3 55074,2 213772,8 188416,2 19306,7 3808,2 2080,0 -501,3 -17865,5
Se cere: 1. PIBQRPLQDOIRORVLQGPHWRGHOHFHSRWILDSOLFDWHvQIXQF LHGHGDWHOHGLVSRQLELOH 2. PIBUHDOGDF SUH XULOHSURGXVHORUúLVHUYLFLLORUILQDOHDXFUHVFXWvQ ID GH FX 385,3%; dinamica PIBUHDOID GH
2.
6HFXQRVFXUP WRDUHOHGDWHSULYLQGFRQVXPXOGHHQHUJLHHOHFWULF úLYDORDUHDDG XJDW EUXW SHUDPXULSHQWUX úL
Tabelul 8.13. VAB* (miliarde lei
(QHUJLHHOHFWULF
FRQVXPDW PLO. kWh) 1994 1996 1994 1996 0 1 2 3 4 ,QGXVWULHFRQVWUXF LL 21269,6 23831,2 34583 39759 $JULFXOWXU VLOYLFXOWXU 9897,6 9937,0 1834 1332 Alte ramuri 14787,5 17233,9 20509 22501 Total 45954,7 51002,1 56926 63592 Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997, pag. 543; anul 1998, pag. 118, 340-342 SUH XULFRQVWDQWH
Ramura
Se cere: 1.
FRQVXPXO GH HQHUJLH HOHFWULF FRQVXPDW FH UHYLQH OD OHL
VAB* OD QLYHOXO ILHF
UHL
UDPXULúLSHDQVDPEOXOHFRQRPLHL
2.
V VH GHWHUPLQH LQIOXHQ D IDFWRULORU DVXSUD PRGLILF ULL FRQVXPXOXL PHGLX GH HQHUJLH HOHFWULF SHvQWUHDJDHFRQRPLH
3.
V VHFRPSDUHGLQDPLFDFRQVXPXOXLPHGLXGHHQHUJLHHOHFWULF SHDQVDPEOXOHFRQRPLHL
cu dinamica PIB úWLLQG F PIB nominal a fost de 49773,2 mld. lei în 1994, de 108919,6 mld. lei în 1996 iarUDWDLQIOD LHLvQ ID GH DIRVWGH 4.
V VH GHWHUPLQH FRQWULEX LD ILHF UXL IDFWRU OD PRGLILFDUHD DEVROXW D FRQVXPXOXL PHGLX GHHQHUJLHHOHFWULF SHvQWUHDJDHFRQRPLH
3. 6H FXQRVF XUP WRULL LQGLFDWRUL SHQWUX HFRQRPLD 5RPkQLHL SHQWUX DQLL úL PLOLDUGHOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
Tabelul 8.14. Indicator 0 3URGXF LDEUXW
2. Consumul intermediar 3. Impozite pe produs (inclusiv TVA) 4. Taxe vamale 5. SuEYHQ LLSHSURGXV 0RGLILFDUHDSUH XULORUID
• • • • •
1994 1 100339,4 54384,7 3848,2 648,9 678,6
1996 2 240598,8 138744,6 7458,7 1852,3 2245,6
GH OD
3URGXF LDEUXW
Consumul intermediar Impozite pe produs Taxe vamale 6XEYHQ LLSHSURGXV
Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 354, 360
Se cere: 1. PIBQRPLQDOvQFHOHGRX SHULRDGH 2. PIBUHDOvQ ID GH
+132,84 +141,59 +73,38 +205,52 +171,49
4.
6HFXQRVFXUP WRDUHOHGDWH
Tabelul 8.15. (ILFLHQ DIRORVLULLPLMORDFHORU
fixe (lei VAB*/1000 lei F) 1994 1996 1 2 1088 980 3533 2474 1563 1455
Ramura 0 ,QGXVWULHFRQVWUXF LL $JULFXOWXU VLOYLFXOWXU
Alte ramuri Total
Structura mijloacelor fixe (%) 1994 1996 3 4 60,5 59,0 9,0 12,4 30,5 28,6 100,0 100,0
Se cere: 1. GLQDPLFDHILFLHQ HLIRORVLULLPLMORDFHORUIL[HSHILHFDUHUDPXU 2. efiFLHQ D PHGLH D IRORVLULL PLMORDFHORU IL[H OD QLYHOXO vQWUHJLL HFRQRPLL vQ FHOH GRX perioade; 3. LQGLFLL GH JUXS DL HILFLHQ HL PHGLL D IRORVLULL PLMORDFHORU IL[H FX VWUXFWXU YDULDELO FX VWUXFWXU IL[ úLDOYDULD LHLVWUXFWXULL
4.
V VH GHWHUPLQH FRQWULEX LD ILHF UXL IDFWRU OD PRGLILFDUHD DEVROXW D HILFLHQ HL PHGLL D
folosirii mijloacelor fixe pe întreaga economie.
5.
6H FXQRVF XUP WRULL LQGLFDWRUL SHQWUX HFRQRPLD 5RPkQLHL SHQWUX DQLL úL
PLOLDUGHOHLSUH XULFXUHQWH
Tabelul 8.16. Indicator 0 1. Consumul final )RUPDUHDEUXW GHFDSLWDOIL[
3. Modificarea stocurilor 4. Export net 5. Amortizarea capitalului fix
1998 1 335000 68000 -1600 -30000 8400
1999 2 470000 97000 -4500 -23000 12000
Se cere: 1. PIBQRPLQDOvQFHOHGRX SHULRDGH 2. PIN QRPLQDOvQFHOHGRX SHULRDGH 3. PIBUHDOGDF SUH XULOHSURGXVHORUúLVHUYLFLLORUILQDOHDXFUHVFXWvQ ID cu 50%; 4. Dinamica PIB real.
GH
