METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
FACA-ESCO
MODELO DE PROGRAMACIÓN LINEAL PARA PARA LA MAXIMIZACION MAXIMIZAC ION DE LAS GANANCIAS DE LOS PRODUCTOS DE MAYOR MAYOR DEMANDA EN LA EMPRESA EMPRES A MUEBLES RONNY E.I.R.L. DE TACNA Estudiantes de Ingeniería Comercial de la Universidad Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann. Tacna Tacna – Perú. Diana Rosa Corilloclla Cusacani, Lady Ramos Damian, Cyntia Karen Mamani Tapia, André Gustavo Trujillo Chipana, Ysmael Vilcapaza Fernandez, Víctor Pineda Condori 1. RESUMEN
Introducción La zona estratégica en la que se encuentra la ciudad de Tacna y la aparición aparición constante de personas personas emprendedoras emprendedoras con visión de futuro, han provocado provocado el crecimiento notable de las industrias en la ciudad en los últimos años, colaborando con el crecimiento económico del país. Muebles Muebles Ronny EIRL es una de aquellas empresas empresas de notable crecimient crecimiento o en nuestra ciudad que desean lograr un desarrollo óptimo que beneficie tanto a sus clientes como a la empresa.
Objetivo, la experiencia adquirida de la empresa ha llevado que su desarrollo sea cada vez más constante por lo que la toma de decisiones sea más compleja, es así que la empresa desea encontrar la solución óptima en la maximización de la producción de sus principales muebles, comprendiendo específicamente: camas, sillas, veladores y mesas para televisión (productos comúnmente pedidos por los clientes), para la cual empleara la regresión lineal como herramienta para la toma de dedición.
Área de Trabajo, se trabajó con una base de datos obtenida de una recolección de información otorgada por el gerente de la empresa. Materiales Materiales y métodos, métodos, para para la realiz realizaci ación ón de dicho dicho análisi análisis, s, hemos hemos emplead empleado o un software informático que facilitó la realización de nuestra base de datos.
MUEBLES RONNY E.I.R.L DE TACNA
- 1-
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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ABSTRACT
the stra strate tegi gicc area area in whic which h it is the the city city of Tacna acna and and the the cons consta tant nt Introduction, the emergence of people with entrepreneurial vision, have led to the remarkable growth of industries in the city in recent years, collaborating with the country's economic growth. Furniture Ronny EIRL is a remarkable growth of those companies in our city who want to achieve optimum development that will benefit both their customers and the company.
Objective, the experience of the company that has led its development is increasingly steady so that decision-making is more complex, so the company wants to find the optimal solution in maximizing the production of games bedrooms, specifically including: bed, chairs and watchman (products commonly requested by customers), which used linear regression as a tool for making decision.
Working Area, working with a database consisting of a collection of information given by the manager of the company. company.
Materials and methods, to perform such an analysis, we have employed a computer software that facilitated the realization of our database.
INTRODUCCION
La zona estratégica en la que se encuentra la ciudad de Tacna y la aparición constante de personas emprendedoras con visión de futuro, han provocado el crecimiento notable de las industrias en la cuidad en los últimos años, colaborando con el crecimiento económico del pías. Muebles Ronny EIRL.es una empresa de prestigio reconocido en el sur del país y norte de Chile por ser especialistas en la fabricación de muebles de finos acabados en madera para el hogar, hogar, cuya calidad y constante constante innovación innovación los han caracteriz caracterizado ado desde su aparición en el mercado local.
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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Para lograr dicho objetivo se han tomado en cuenta ciertas restricciones las cuales permitirán encontrar la solución de acuerdo a los intereses de la empresa y que por ende contribuirán al mayor desarrollo de ésta.
MATERIALES Y METODOS
Área de Estudio El presente estudio se desarrolló desarrolló durante el mes de Octubre Octubre y noviembre del 2008 en la fábrica de la empresa ubicada en el Parque Industrial Mza. G Lote 3 en el departamento de Tacna.
Área de Trabajo Se trabajó con una base de datos obtenida de una recolección de información otorgada por el gerente de la empresa y con la facilidad de poder ingresar a la fábrica para comprobar la veracidad de los datos en cuanto a tiempos de fabricación.
Recolección de datos Se empleó una fuente primaria para la recolección de los datos (información del gerente), las cuales, después de la verificación en la fábrica, fueron traspasadas a nuestra base de datos.
Análisis de Datos Para el análisis del trabajo se utilizaron herramientas dentro de la computadora, que nos permitieron lograr la formulación del MODELO DE PROGRAMACIÓN LINEAL, en el cual hemos empleado variables cuantitativas. Así mismo, agregamos al modelo todas las restricciones necesarias, es decir, aquellas limitaciones que hacen más específico las necesidades de Muebles Ronny. Esto permite obtener un resultado que se ajusta a la situación que vive la empresa.
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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ANTECEDENTES DE LA EMPRESA
La mueblería fue fundada en el año 1980 inicialmente bajo la denominación de Mueble Mueblería ría Ronny Ronny,,
luego luego
con pers personer onería ía jurí jurídic dica: a: Mueb Muebles les Ronny Ronny E.I. E.I.R.L R.L.. la cual cual
desarrolla su actividad en la ciudad de Tacna, lugar estratégico por pertenecer al Sur del Perú y es considerada como empresa líder en la fabricación de muebles de madera en fino acabado (Poliuretanos). Actualmente se encuentra dedicada a la producción de muebles de Sala, Comedor y Dormitorio de estilo clásico y contemporáneo . Además realiza trabajos complementarios y de implementación de importantes proyectos especiales de amueblamiento amueblamiento a empresas de nuestra localidad. Los muebles son fabricados principalmente con madera cedro, caoba, tornillo y pinturas pinturas poliuretanos poliuretanos de fino acabado. acabado. La esmerada esmerada atención al público público ha permitido permitido lograr una importante cartera de clientes que hoy les favorecen al reconocer y aceptar la calidad de MUEBLES RONNY RONNY E.I.R.L. E.I.R.L. La respons responsabil abilida idad, d, el cumpli cumplimie miento nto,, la estrat estrategi egia a emplea empleada da y la esmera esmerada da atención al cliente ha permitido incrementar cada vez más, su cartera de clientes que hoy reconocen y disfrutan de la calidad de los MUEBLES RONNY. RONNY. La empresa desarrolla su actividad en la ciudad de Tacna Tacna y cuenta con tres locales propios como se puede apreciar en el siguiente cuadro:
LOCALES Salones de Exhibición Fábrica
DIRECCION San Martín 889 3 pisos Parque Industrial Mza G Lote 3
PROPIEDAD
AREA
Local Propio
500 m2
Local Propio
1,200 m2
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA
Muebles Ronny se encuentra dedicada pues es especialista en acabados de madera en la fabricación de: •
Muebles de Sala
•
Muebles de Comedor
•
Muebles de dormitorio
•
Reparaciones – re tapizados
La planta industrial, en la que se confeccionan los diferentes muebles, se encuentra dividida en cuatro áreas:
•
Ebanistería, encargado del armado y transformado de la madera en muebles. Cuenta con 6 trabajadores.
•
Laqueados, enca encarg rgad ado o de prov provee eerr de colo colorr a los los mueb mueble les. s. Cuen Cuenta ta con con 8 trabajadores.
•
Acabados, encargado de proporcionar de pernos, jaladores, bisagras y todo lo que sea necesario para el cómodo manejo del mueble. Cuenta con 4 trabajadores.
•
Tapizados, encargado de dar el relleno a los muebles que lo requieren. Cuenta con 3 trabajadores.
Es importante resaltar que el control de calidad es responsabilidad de cada área encargada, pues cada trabajador es responsable de la verificación del mueble hasta que compruebe la calidad de éste; así mismo, hay un personal encargado de verificar cada mueble para dar el permiso de que éste sea pasado a la siguiente área correspondiente. De la misma forma cuenta con maquinaria (importada y nacional). Vehículos de dist distri ribuc bució ión n y pers person onal al
con con mano mano de obra obra cali calififica cada da (8) (8) ayud ayudan ante tess (6) (6) pers person onal al
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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Mueb Mueble less Ronn Ronnyy dese desea a sabe saberr, enco encont ntra rarr la maxi maximi miza zaci ción ón en la produ producc cció ión n de dormitorio, ropero, separador, modulo de computadora, juego de muebles, escritorio. La Mueblería pretende obtener un beneficio del 25% de todos sus productos que pone al mercado, el costo de producción de dichos muebles es la siguiente: PRECIOS DE LOS PRODUCTOS DE MAYOR DEMANDA ROPERO
: S/. 650
: 162.5
SEPARADOR
: S/. 1050
: 262.5
CAMA
: S/. 750
: 187.5
CAMA C/V
: S/. 1200
: 300
MUEBLES
: S/. 1700
: 425
MUEBLE DE COMP
: S/. 600
: 150
Ropero
S/.163
Separador
S/.262
Juego de do dormitorio
S/.187
Juego de comedor
S/.300
Muebles
S/.425
Modulo de Computadora Computadora S/.150 S/.150
TRABAJADORES POR AREA DE PRODUCCION
EBANISTERIA
: 10 trabajadores
LAQUEADO
: 8 trabajadores
ACABADO
: 6 trabajadores
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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Ronny desea establecer un proyecto de plan de producción semanal con el objetivo de maximizar la ganancia y determinar la combinación de productos que aumenten la utilidad para la Empresa.
MODELO MATEMÁTICO Función Objetivo: Max. Z = S/.163(R) +S/.262(S) +S/.187(D) +S/.300(C) + S/.300(C) +S/.425(M)+S/.150(MC) Restricciones R1= 180(R) +228 (S)+456(D)+548(C)+380(M)+304(MC) <=8512 R2= R2= 240( 240(R) R)+27 +276( 6(S) S)+1 +192 92(D (D)+ )+240 240(C (C)+ )+48( 48(M) M)+1 +144( 44(MC MC))
<=537 <=5376 6
R3= 48(R) +84 +84(S)+56(D)+72( 72(C)+11 +112(M)+19 +196(MC)
<=47 =4704
R4= 692(M)
<=4300.8
R5= 16(R)+8(S)+24(D)+16(C)+8(M)+8.4(MC)
<=3225.6
R6=8(R)-4(S)
>= 0
R7=4(R)
>= 0
R8= 12(D)-8(C)
>= 0
R9=16(C)
>= 0
R10=8(M)-4(MC)
>= 0
R11= -1(S)-12(M)+8(MC)
>= 0
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
DESARROLLO DEL MODELO
De acuerdo al software utilizado:
FICHERO BASE
FACA-ESCO
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
SOLUCION:
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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Los valores óptimos encontrados para la producción de comedor en el transcurso mensual son de 2 juegos de comedor. comedor. Los valores óptimos óptimos encontrados para la producción de Juego de muebles es de 6 juegos. Los valores óptimos encontrados para la producción de modulo de computadora es de 9 módulos semanal. Las ganancias para los productos son: -
Ropero
S/.163
-
Separador
S/.262
-
Dormitorio
S/.187
-
Comedor
S/.300
-
Juego de muebles
-
Modul dulo de de co computador dora S/.150
S/.425
La utilidad generada por la cantidad de Ropero que se recomienda es: S/.725 La utilida utilidad d generada generada por la la cantida cantidad d de Separador Separador que que se se recomie recomienda nda es: es:
S/.
2332 La utilidad generada por la cantidad de mesas de dormitorio que se recomienda
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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La columna Basis Status nos dice que tanto las Ropero, Separador, dormitorio, comedor, juego de sala, modulo de computadora son las variables básicas de producción para nuestro ejercicio. Los límites referente a los costos básicos para la producción de roperos oscilan entre 206 y 225, por la tanto la producción es factible ya que el costo es de 163 soles. Los límites referente a los costos básicos para la producción de separadores oscilan entre el infinito 193 y 375 , por la tanto la producción es factible ya que el costo costo es de 262 soles. Los Los lími límite tess refe refere rent ntes es a los los cost costos os bási básico coss para para la prod produc ucci ción ón de jueg juego o de dormitorio oscilan entre el Infinito negativo abierto (-M) y 316.8, por lo tanto la producción es factible ya que el costo es de 187 soles. Los límites referentes a los costos básicos para la producción de juegos de comedor oscilan entre -66.70 y 445 por lo tanto la producción es factible ya que el costo es de 300 soles. Los límites referentes a los costos básicos para la producción de juegos de muebles muebles oscilan oscilan entre 166.4 y el 884.9, por lo tanto tanto la producción es factible factible ya que el costo es de 425 soles.
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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Mientras que en el departamento de Acabado no se hace uso del valor tope dado en la restricción: s/.4704, es decir, se hace uso de un menor costo: s/.2330. Lo cual sign signifific ica a que que sobr sobra a s/.2 s/.237 373. 3.6 6
que que no se está aprove aprovech chan ando do como como debe debe en este este
departamento. En el departamento de Ebanistería el tope máximo de dinero que debe emplearse en la producción de Ropero, Separador, dormitorio, comedor, juego de sala, modulo de computadora es s/.8512. En el departamento departamento de laqueado laqueado el tope máximo de dinero que debe emplearse emplearse en la producción de Ropero, Separador, dormitorio, comedor, juego de sala, modulo de computadora es s/.5376. En el departame departamento nto de acabado acabado el tope máximo máximo de dinero dinero que debe emplearse emplearse en la producción de Ropero, Separador, dormitorio, comedor, juego de sala, modulo de computadora es s/.4704.
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
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Al disp dispon oner er de un sol sol adic adicio iona nall en el depart departam amen ento to de Tap Tapiz izad ado o
no logr logro o
incrementar mis ganancias. Al disponer de un sol adicional en el departamento de Control de Calidad no logro incrementar mis ganancias. Los límites de la restricción referente al departamento de Ebanistería oscilan entre 8361 y 11963 nuevos soles. Los límites de la restricción referente al departamento de Laqueado oscilan entre 3289.2 y 5487.60 nuevos soles. Los límites de la restricción referente al departamento de Acabado oscilan entre 2330 nuevos soles y el infinito positivo (M). Los límites de la restricción referente al departamento de Tapizado oscilan entre 1407.4 y el infinito positivo (M).
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
FACA-ESCO
ANALISIS DE SENSIBILIDAD SE NSIBILIDAD Un cambio en la función objetivo, ocasiona a su vez un cambio en la solución óptima, utilizando el análisis de sensibilidad. El análisis de sensibilidad es una de las partes más importantes en la programación lineal, sobretodo para la toma de decisiones; pues permite determinar cuando una solución sigue siendo óptima, dados algunos cambios ya sea en el entorno del problema, en la empresa o en los datos del problema mismo.
Análisis de Sensibilidad por escenarios Pesimista: Es el peor panorama de la inversión.
Para ello suponemos un aumento en el costo de producción, debido a un aumento del precio de la madera, y que por política de empresa el porcentaje de ganancia del 25% se reduce a 20%, por lo tanto la nueva función objetivo será:
MODELO MATEMÁTICO
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
FACA-ESCO
R11= -1(S)-12(M)+8(MC)
>= 0
R12=2(S)+1(D)+1(D)+1(C)+1(M)+1(MC)
>= 2
R13=1(D)
>= 5
R14=2(C)-1(M)-1(MC)
>= 1
R15=1(D)-1(C) +1(MC)
>= 0
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FACA-ESCO
5966.2980 a S./ S./ 4776.506 4776.50600, Como podemos observar la solución solución óptima cambia, de S./ 5966.2980 como se esperaba se reduce la ganancia, teniendo teniendo en cuenta cuenta que el precio se mantiene mantiene constante. Como se esperaba se reduce la ganancia en un S./ 1189.792. Optimista: Siempre existe la posibilidad de lograr más de lo que proyectamos.
Para ello suponemos una disminución en el costo de producción, debido a un descenso del precio de la madera, y que por política de empresa el porcentaje de ganancia del 25% aumenta en 30%, por lo tanto la nueva función objetivo será: Función Objetivo:
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METODOS DE OPTIMIZACION
FACA-ESCO
R2= R2= 240( 240(R) R)+27 +276( 6(S) S)+1 +192 92(D (D)+ )+240 240(C (C)+ )+48( 48(M) M)+1 +144( 44(MC MC))
<=537 <=5376 6
R3= 48(R) +84 +84(S)+56(D)+72( 72(C)+11 +112(M)+19 +196(MC)
<=47 =4704
R4= 692(M)
<=4300.8
R5= 16(R)+8(S)+24(D)+16(C)+8(M)+8.4(MC)
<=3225.6
R6=8(R)-4(S)
>= 0
R7=4(R)
>= 0
R8= 12(D)-8(C)
>= 0
R9=16(C)
>= 0
R10=8(M)-4(MC)
>= 0
R11= -1(S)-12(M)+8(MC)
>= 0
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