QUARTER 4 MUSIC – I. NATIONALISTIC SONGS
Lupang Hinirang (“Chosen Hinirang (“Chosen Land”) is the national anthem of anthem of the Philippines Philippines.. Its music was composed in 1898 by ul uli! i!n n "el "elipe ipe## and the ly$ics we$e adapted f$om the %panish poem Filipinas Filipinas## w$itten by os& Palma in Palma in 1899. 'he Lupang Hinirang bean Hinirang bean as an inst$umental ma$ch which milio *uinaldo commissioned *uinaldo commissioned fo$ use in the p$oclamation of Philippine independence independencef$om f$om %pain %pain.. 'he title of this new ma$ch was Marcha Filipina Mágdalo (+,adalo Mágdalo (+,adalo Philippine ,a$ch+)# and was late$ chaned to Marcha Nacional Filipina (+Philippine Filipina (+Philippine -ational ,a$ch+) upon its adoption as the national anthem of the "i$st Philippine epublic on epublic on 11 une 1898# a day befo$e independence was to be p$oclaimed. It was played by the %an "$ancisc "$ancisco o de ,alabon ma$chin band du$in the p$oclamation $ite on $ite on 1/ une. In *uust 1899# os& Palma w$ote Palma w$ote the poem Filipinas Filipinas in in %panish %panish.. 'he poem was published fo$ the fi$st time in the newspape$ La Independencia on Independencia on 0 %eptembe$ 1899. It was subseuently adopted as the ly$ics to the anthem HIMNO NACIONAL FILIPINO 2 3nown p$esently as Lupan 4ini$an# the -ational *nthem of the Philippines. .*. 8591 specifies that Lupang Hinirang +shall Hinirang +shall be in acco$dance with the musical a$$anement and composition of uli!n "elipe. 'he o$iinal 6e$sion was composed in duple time (i.e. in a time sinatu$e of sinatu$e of /75) as compa$ed to the p$esent uad$uple time (575). 'he -4I says that the p$ope$ tempo is a two2 fou$ths beat and 1 met$onomes and that it should last 0 seconds II. LOVE SONGS KUNDIMAN 2 3nown as “'he Philippines: sinatu$e lo6e sons”; it e
and sentiments of nationalism.
” 2 * ?undiman in slow t$iple time composed by -icano$ *bela$do in 19/0. BALLAD 2 * na$$ati6e son# $anin f$om indienous fo$ms to 4ispanic2influenced themes. ” 2 * ballad composed by $nani Cuenco in 19# with ly$ics by Le6i Cele$io. Cele$io. It was used as a mo6ie theme fo$ a 198s 198s mo6ie with the same title# sta$$in Lito Lapid. BALITAW is an e
*bela$do was bo$n in %an ,iuel de ,ayumo# ,ayumo# Dulacan Dulacan.. 4is mothe$ beloned to a family of a$tists in @uaua @uaua## the 4ensons. 4e was int$oduced to music when he was fi6e yea$s old# when his fathe$ tauht him the solfeio solfeio and and the bandu$ia bandu$ia.. *t the ae of 8# he was able to compose his esto$yahe fi$st wo$?# a waltE entitled +*n Fnan Du?o#+ which was dedicated to his $andmothe$. $andmothe$. *t the ae of 10# he was al$eady playin at saloons and caba$ets in ,anila ,anila.. *t ae 1# he was al$eady teachin in ba$$io schools in %an Ildefonso and Ildefonso and %an ,iuel Dulacan *mon his wo$?s we$e +-asaan 3a I$o#+ +,abali? 3a 4i$an#+ 4i$an#+ and +4imuto?.+ 4e died in 1905 at the ae of 51# lea6in le a6in a collection of mo$e than 15 wo$?s.
FRANCISCO SANTIAGO
"$ancisco %antiao (anua$y /9# 1889 G %eptembe$ /8# 195)# was a "ilipino musician# sometimes "$ancisco called The Father of Kundiman Art Song. Song . %antiao was bo$n in %anta ,a$ia# Dulacan# Dulacan # Philippines Philippines## to musically2mi musically2minded nded peasant pa$ents# "elipe %antiao and ,a$ia %antiao. In 198# his fi$st composition# Purita Purita## was dedicated to the fi$st Ca$ni6al Hueen# Pu$a illanue6a# illanue6a# who late$ ma$$ied the distinuished schola$ 'e 'eodo$o odo$o 3alaw 3alaw.. %antiaoJs maste$piece was the +Conce$to in D flat mino$+ fo$ pianofo$te and o$chest$a o$chest$a.. 4is most famous piece +3undiman# (*na?2Kalita)+# (*na?2Kalita)+# was sun upon the may apat nah tana pan lima an bumasa.
FRANCISCO BUENCAMINO SR.
Do$n on -o6embe$ # 1880 in Dulacan Dulacan## Duencamino# %$. is a son of a musically inclined couple# "o$tunato Duencamino# a chu$ch o$anist and a band maste$ and Luisa Delt$an# a sine$. 4e also 6entu$ed into musical di$ection and sco$in# composin music fo$ %ampauita Pictu$es# Pictu$es# L-## and
ANTONIO MOLINA
%i *ntonio esus -auiat ,olina# (18952198)# Pambansan *laad n %inin sa %inin sa ,usi?a n Pilipinas Pilipinas## ay isan musi?e$o# ?omposito$# ?omposito$# at u$o na ?abilan sa t$ium6i$ate n Pilipinon ?omposito$ na nanuna sa pasusulon n musi?an Pilipino.
ANTONIO BUENAVENTURA
*ntonio Duena6entu$a Duena6entu$a also ?nown as Colonel *ntonio Duena6entu$a# Duena6entu$a# was bo$n on 5 ,ay 195 in Daliua Daliua## Dulacan Dulacan.. 4e inhe$ited his inte$est in music and milita$y f$om his fathe$ fathe$## Lucino Duena6entu$a. Duena6entu$ a. 4e was bo$n to a family of musicians and acti6ely in6ol6ed in the band. 4e was the FP P$esidentJs Committee on "ol?sons and Kances when he composed the +Pandano sa Ilaw+# a dance accompanim accompaniment. ent. In 190# he was commissioned to the milita$y se$6ice whe$e he became a music inst$ucto$ and band conducto$ at the Philippine ,ilita$y *cademy in Dauio City in 1909.
LUCIO SAN PEDRO
Lucio %an Ped$o was a "ilipino compose$ and teache$. 4e was bo$n on "eb$ua$y 11# 1910 in *nono# iEal# the Philippines. 4e is ?nown in the Philippines as the compose$ of the popula$ lullaby %a Foy n Kuyan and the symphonic poem Lahin 3ayumani.
RODOLFO CORNEJO
Do$n= 1 ,ay 199 Philippines Kied= 11 *uust 1991 USA 'he Philipine compose$ Co$neMo $ecei6ed his 'eache$:s Kiploma in piano (190) and 'eache$:s Kiploma in science and composition (190) f$om the Conse$6ato$y of ,usic# Fni6e$sity of the Philippines. 4e $ecei6ed his Dachelo$ of ,usic maMo$ in piano and theo$y (190/) f$om the Chicao ,usical Collee of the oose6elt Fni6e$sity# ,aste$ of ,usic maMo$ in composition2conductin (1900)# and Kocto$ of ,usic (hono$is causa# 195). 4e $ecei6ed his Kocto$ of Philosophy maMo$ in composition f$om the -eota$ian Collee of Philosophy in 3ansas City (195). 4e se$6ed as pianist2 di$ecto$ of a F%A conce$t unit that ente$tained the *llied "o$ces at the .'.A.# the ,a$ianas# and the 4awaiian Islands in Bo$ld Ba$ II. %ince 198 he held conce$ts in the Fnited %tates and appea$ed as compose$2conducto$ at the %eattle Ape$a 4ouse and the %eattle Playhouse.
JUAN NAKPIL
4e was a "ilipino a$chitect# teache$ and a community leade$. In 190# he was named one of the -ational *$tists fo$ a$chitectu$e# and tapped as the Kean of "ilipino *$chitects. *mon -a?pilJs wo$?s a$e %an Ca$los %emina$y# @e$onimo de los eyes Duildin# ,asaysay Duildin# iEal 'heate$# Capitol 'heate$# Captain Pepe Duildin# ,anila oc?ey Club# ufino Duildin# Philippine illae 4otel# Fni6e$sity of the Philippines *dminist$ation and Fni6e$sity Lib$a$y# and theiEal %h$ine in Calamba# Launa. 4e also desined the Inte$national ucha$istic Con$ess alta$ and imp$o6ed the Huiapo Chu$ch in 190 by e$ectin a dome and a second belf$y. 4e was hailed as a -ational *$tist fo$ *$chitectu$e in 190.uan -ap?il died in ,anila# Philippines in 198N
LUCRECIA R. KASILAG
%he was a noted compose$# educato$# cultu$al and a$ts administ$ato$# and pe$fo$min a$tist. %he was named -ational *$tist in ,usic in 1989. %he pionee$ed the fusion of "ilipino ethnic and Beste$n music. %he da$ed to mi< indienous "ilipino inst$uments with Beste$n o$chest$a in he$ p$iEe2 winnin +'occata fo$ Pe$cussions and Binds# Ki6e$tissement and Conce$tante#+ and the sco$es of the "iliasiana# ,isan Pilipino and Ke P$ofundis. %he was fondly called +'ita 3in+. %he established in 19 the Dayanihan "ol? *$ts Cente$ to $esea$ch Philippine music. 'h$ouh he$ effo$ts she made Dayanihan Philippine Kance Company the p$ima$y a$tistic and cultu$al ensemble of the count$y.
LEVI CELERIO
4e w$ote 5 sons and $emained poo$. Dut that is somethin e6e$y man of his ?ind ta?es p$ide of. 4is name was placed in the @uinness Doo? of Bo$ld eco$ds fo$ his leaf2playin feat. 4e was ?nown as the only man who could play music with a leaf. YOYOY VILLAME – 3in of Philippine -o6elty %ons. •
• •
LOUIS BORROMEO
* stae pe$sentation featu$in 6a$ious fo$ms= musical# comedy and e6en maic acts# s?its# monoloues and ac$obatic. IV. ORIGINAL PHILIPPINE MUSIC (OPM) OPM G A$iinal Pinoy ,usic o$ A$iinal Philippine ,usic; a label used fo$ o$iinal popula$
sons by "ilipino a$tists. Kiffe$ent AP, @en$es= POP G $efe$s ene$ally to music that is easily accessible by the public th$ouh mass media# and is also subMect to sellin. FUSION G a style of music infusin Bo$ld music elements. NOVELTY SONG G comical popula$ sons that may be fo$ a cu$$ent situation# holiday# o$ can Must be a dance fad. HIP HOP G a style of music inco$po$atin styliEed $hythms that is often accompanied by $appin. It belons to a subcultu$e that also oes by the same name# hip hop FOLK ROCK G a style of music combinin fol? and $oc? elements. It is a en$e te$m that was o$iinally coined in the F%* and7o$ F3# du$in the 19Ns. V. PHILIPPINE THEATER KOMEDYA 2 * Philippine theat$ical t$adition that was used by the %pania$ds to indoct$inate the
ea$ly "ilipinos on Ch$istianity. Kialoues a$e spo?en in ly$ical poem fo$m. 'his theat$ical fo$m dec$eased its popula$ity as mode$n fo$ms of theate$ eme$ed in the count$y. MORO – MORO * type of %ecula$ 3omedya that was popula$ in the 1Ns. %to$ies $e6ol6ed a$ound ?ins# ueens# p$inces# p$incesses# animals and supe$natu$al beins. It is belie6ed to be an offshoot of chi6al$ic poem called awit and leenda$y $eliious poems called corrido. ,ost of the time# the theme of the play depicts battles between the Ch$istians and ,o$os.
CARILLO * shadow play usin ca$dboa$d cut2outs p$oMected on a white sc$een du$in moonlit
nihts.
BODABIL * stae pe$sentation featu$in 6a$ious fo$ms= musical# comedy and e6en maic acts#
s?its# monoloues and ac$obatic. SARSUELA/ARUELA !ar"uela is a %panish ly$ic2d$amatic en$e that alte$nates between spo?en and sun scenes# the latte$ inco$po$atin ope$atic and popula$ son# as well as dance. i t is often focused on a lo#e stor$ %et&een mem%ers of the upper class' &ith comic lo#e episodes %et&een ser#ants 'he Ea$Euela was made mo$e $ele6ant with sati$ical attac?s on co$$upt politicians# opp$essi6e landlo$ds# and laEy husbands who a$e amble$s and alcoholics. Lately# the theme focused on students hoo?ed on d$us and “%audi” $ec$uite$s# who ta?e ad6antae of the nai6e wo$?e$s who want to o and wo$? ab$oad. !"#$ %& !""' G %a$suwela was int$oduced in the Philippines (,anila) “Jugar con Fuego” (P* +,- F,&)0 pe$fo$med by the $oup of Ka$io de Cespedes 1D232 B5,67 G 1919 2 'he most popula$ Ea$Euela of all time popula$iEed by ATANG DE LA RAMA# who was $efe$$ed to as the “Queen of Kundiman & Zarazuela” 1W32 S2-7 G 19/ S8&,3% R*9 ( Father of Tagalog Zarzuela)
QUARTER 4 ARTS – ARTS IN PHILIPPINE DRAMAS AND FESTIVALS PARTS OF DRAMA E:POSITION 2 Is an element of the sto$y that tells about the bac?$ound of the situation. DEVELOPMENT 2 In a sto$y $efe$s to the succession of e6ents and mo6ements leadin the
situation to its tu$nin point. TURNING POINT 2 In a sto$y tells about the solutions employed fo$ conflicts as a $esult of difficult decision2ma?in. CLIMA: 2 Is the hihest point of the sto$y. DENOUEMENT 2 Is the un$a6elin of the plot. In a sto$y. It i6es the idea of how the cha$acte$ is disco6e$ed o$ how a myste$y is $esol6ed o$ how the un?nown is $e6ealed.
PHILIPPINE DRAMA SAKUTING 2 dance in the south na$$ates a sto$y of a p$incess# who in sea$ch fo$ he$ p$ince
6entu$ed into the dane$ous fo$est passin th$ouh diffe$ent obstacles alon he$ way. SANTACRUAN 2 K$amatiEes the sea$ch of mp$ess lena fo$ the 4oly C$oss. LUTRINA 2 Is simila$ to %antac$uEan but it is celeb$ated by the fa$me$s as?in fo$ $ains to wate$ thei$ c$ops. SUBLI 2 In *litata and Dauan in Datanas which is set into dance and music na$$atin the sea$ch fo$ the 4oly C$oss. SANTA CLARA DANCE 2 K$amatiEes the desi$e fo$ the ods to send o$ not to send $ains fo$ the c$ops as well as the KA)AK*L dance. PUTONG 2 Kances of ,a$induue and coastal municipalities of HueEon a$e actually fo$ms of d$ama set to music. TOBONG 2 na$$ates how the th$ee ?ins (@aspa$# ,elcho$# DaltaEa$) sea$ched fo$ the bi$thday celeb$ant to i6e thei$ felicitations and ifts which is simila$ to the sto$y of the th$ee ?ins du$in the Ouletide season. CENACULO 2 * d$ama about the life# passion# and death of esus Ch$ist. It includes the PA+ASA N, PAS-*N MORO0MORO2 Is a bloody s?i$mish between the Ch$istians and the ,oslems. DUPLUAN 2 * fo$m of ame can also be classified as d$ama because it na$$ates a sto$y often of a ?in see?in fo$ somethin amon his loyal se$6ants.
PHILIPPINE FESTIVALS F9- %; - B<5 N=&3 ( .anuar$ /01uiapo' Manila2
'his feast is celeb$ated at the hea$t of ,anila2 Huiapo. Ke6otees come f$om all o6e$ the met$opolis to pa$ticipate in this annual e6ent hono$in the hund$ed2yea$2old statue of the Dlac? -aEa$ene. S,3%2 F9-,8 ( .anuar$ 34 or e#er$ second Sunda$ of .anuar$05e%u 5it$2 'his is an annual festi6al held in Cebu# which commences nine days befo$e the thi$d %unday of anua$y. A-,0A-,3 F9-,8 (6rd &ee7 of .anuar$0Kali%o' A7lan2 'his is a celeb$ation in hono$ of the Infant esus# the townJs pat$on. *ti2*tihan# obse$6ed in hono$ of the Child esus. *ti2atihan means Jma?in li?e *tis#J that is# p$etendin to be li?e the abo$iinal nati6es that once inhabited *?lan. 'his in6ol6es smea$in oneself with soot to da$?en the s?in and d$essin up in t$ibal fine$y. 'he sta$t of the p$ocession is sinaled by d$ums and whistles# and late$ punctuated by shouts of +4ala Di$a+ T D,32*32 F9-,8 (8th &ee7 of .anuar$0Iloilo2 Kinayan is a 4iliaynon wo$d e32 (Fe%ruar$ 0 +aguio 5it$2
'his is a $elati6ely +new+ e6ent in the count$yJs summe$ capital. %imila$ to the ose Dowl Pa$ade of the F.%.# this festi6al is hihlihted by a pa$ade of floats made enti$ely of f$esh blossoms f$om local ho$ticultu$ists.
M%&,%39 F9-,8 (Hol$ 9ee70Marindu:ue2
'his is a wee?2lon celeb$ation pa$ticipated in by male penitents in costumes who pa$ade a$ound town. An @ood "$iday# they $eenact the sto$y of Loninus# a centu$ion# blind in one eye# who spea$ed esusJ side. Ch$istJs blood fell on his blind eye# mi$aculously $esto$in it# leadin to his con6e$sion. T&?> ( April 0 Pa7il' Laguna2 'his is a se6en2day feast in hono$ of ou$ lady of so$$ows hihlihted by a p$ocession and a dance (to the beat of a tu$umba son). F%&9 6 M*% (Ma$ &hole month05atholic0&ide e#ent2 Lite$ally t$anslated# it means +"lowe$s of ,ay+and hihlihts a p$ocession hono$in i$in ,a$y. Coincidin with it is the %antac$uEan# $e2enactin the sea$ch of Hueen lena fo$ the c$oss upon which esus Ch$ist was c$ucified. 'he town o$ cityJs lo6eliest ladies $ace the occasion. P,*9 F9-,8 (Ma$ 0 Luc%an and Saria$a' 1ue"on2 'his is a than?si6in festi6al to %an Isid$o Lab$ado$ fo$ the past yea$Js bountiful ha$6est. 'he e6ent is popula$ fo$ the elabo$ate edible deco$ations that co6e$ enti$e houses li?e f$uits and 6eetables# most p$ominent of which a$e the b$ihtly colo$ed $ice wafe$s ?nown as ?ipin. 'he imae of the pat$on saint is also pa$aded a$ound town assu$in the fa$me$s of a bountiful ha$6est in the yea$s to come. O>36% F9-,8 (Ma$ 3; to 3/0*%ando' +ulacan2 'his festi6al in6ol6es the diffe$ent dance $ituals held fo$ th$ee consecuti6e days hono$in th$ee pat$on saints= ,ay 1 fo$ %t. Paschal (fo$ couples who want a male child)# ,ay 18 fo$ %t. Clai$e (fo$ couples who want a female child) and ,ay 19 fo$ the Au$ Lady of %alambaw (pat$oness of fishe$men). P&6 32 ?2 L<%3 (.une <80+ala$an' +atangas2 C$isp# olden2b$own $oast pis a$e pa$aded th$ouh the st$eets. *s soon as the best deco$ated $oasted pi is announced# the eatin commences. P,- S?>, F9-,8 (last &ee7 of .une0Piat' 5aga$an2 In Piat# Caayan# the colo$ful celeb$ation is hihlihted by st$eet dancin# cultu$al shows and a beauty paeant. 'his festi6al commemo$ates the Ch$istianiEation of the Otawes $eion of Caayan. S362% F9-,8 ( .ul$ last &ee70+ohol2 Celeb$ated in Dohol# this festi6al commemo$ates the blood compact between %pania$d Leaspi and "ilipino %i?atuna. It includes an a$o2indust$ial e+ F9-,8 ( August 6rd &ee70=a#ao 5it$2 KabaweQntilde;os celeb$ate the annual 3adayawan 2 a colo$ful occassion that lasts fo$ fi6e days 2 as a than?si6in festi6al and a t$ibute to its indienous peoples. 3adayawan is a nati6e eao' 5amiguin Island2 'he festi6al is held to celeb$ate the abundance of lanEones f$uit in the island ma$?ed by a st$eetdancin competition in6ol6in the youth all d$essed up in lanEones lea6es o$ f$uits. 'he lanEones is one of the islandJs most impo$tant c$ops. K+*33 F9-,8 (No#em%er 6rd &ee705apitol 5omple?' Pagadian' !am%oanga del Sur2 'his celeb$ates the 6e$satility of the Damboo plant and its impo$tance in the a$ea. S3 F&336% G,3- L3-&3 F9-,8 (=ecem%er Month0long' San Fernando' Pampanga2 'his is a lante$n showcase whe$e lante$ns measu$in 15 to 18 feet in diamete$ deliht spectato$s with thei$ ?aleidoscope patte$ns I9> D*@ B?>3-, F9-,8 (Isa%ela @ Ma$ 30332 *nni6e$sa$y of the establishment of the ci6il o6e$nment of Isabela in hono$ of Hueen Isabela II. *cti6ities li?e a$o2indust$ial t$ade and tou$ism fai$s# pa$ades# spo$ts e6ents# beauty paeant and othe$s a$e conducted to ente$tain 6isito$s. P--&6* F9-,8 0 A&+ N2 S3-,2% (Santiago 5it$ @ Ma$ 3042 Patta$aday which means unity is an Obana wo$d# it is celeb$ated on the occasion of the foundin anni6e$sa$y of %antiao. It celeb$ates the unity of the ethno2linuistic $oups that ha6e me$ed in the city to ma?e it the meltin pot of cultu$e of eion / and cont$ibuted to the city:s p$o$ess and
de6elopment2unity in action. 4ihlihted with the p$esentation of the Comedia G a mo$o2mo$o dance made famous by the %pania$ds to st$ess the powe$ of Ch$istian eliion o6e$ the ,oo$ish non2belie6e$s; othe$ acti6ities include beauty paeant# $and batalla p$esentations and a $and st$eet dancin pa$ade and e
LOCAL AND INDIGENOUS DANCES
*n indienous o$ local dance in the Philippines is a dance that o$iinates f$om a $eion and e
days# paan $ites we$e p$acticed all o6e$ the islands. *nimistic $ituals to celeb$ate plantin# ha$6est# bi$th# death# and all ?inds of community acti6ity we$e common occu$$ences. R2&2953 – the 3alina bo$$owed the beautiful wo$d R$a$asa?an: f$om the Ilocano# which means “me$$iment”. 'he two biest occasions of$ a $a$asa?an in a 3alina 6illae a$e fo$ the homecomin of successful head ta?e$s and the culmination of peace2pact between wa$$in t$ibes. In this dance# 3alina maidens balance labba bas?ets on thei$ heads# wa6e colo$ful blan?ets# and sin sho$t salidumay sons as they sna?e th$ouh the e$$ace di?es and s?ip th$ouh b$ea?s in the pat. 'his dance po$t$ays the wal? of the indust$ious 3alina women# ca$$yin wate$ pots on thei$ heads and wea$in the colo$ful hand2wo6en “blan?ets of life” a$ound thei$ nec?s. 'hei$ wla? imitates the clomb up the ice 'e$$aces in the ,ountain P$o6inces of the Philippines. I66 – is a t$ibal dance f$om the *b$a p$o6ince in Co$dille$a. 'his dance depicts a day in the family life of the Itne o$ 'inuian t$ibe. It tells the sto$y of a fathe$ powin th$ field as the mothe$ ca$es fo$ he$ child$en. In time# the fathe$ and mothe$ e
and *me$ican Influences. 'hese dances we$e int$oduced by %pain to $eplace ethnic dances in the diffe$ent festi6ities celeb$ated in the $eion. LOCAL AND INDIGENOUS DANCES
I. 'hese a$e dances that pictu$e how "ilipinos e
'. Su(li # is pe$fo$med in nea$ly all the %arrios in Dauan# Datanas as a de6otion to the 4oly C$oss. In this dance# the male dance$s a$e in stooped position# stampin the $ound while clic?in a pai$ of bamboo castanets. 'he ladies wea$ a hat on thei$ head# mo6e thei$ hands $acefully and mince swiftly to and f$om in an almost tip2toe manne$. . A(arura- # is a cont$action of the wo$ds Ra%a: which is eui6alent to R4ey: in nlish and Brura$C # a nic?name fo$ *u$o$a. 'his dance o$iinated f$om 'ayabas# HueEon. It tells the sto$y of a i$l who# while offe$in a lass of wine# pic?s out a youn man f$om amon the uests and offe$ him a d$in?# sinifyin he$ intent to dance with him. 'he i$ls shows he$ s?ills and ability to ?eep the lass of wine on he$ head while whi$lin and waltEin a$ound as she is chased by the youn man. 'he chee$in c$owd ma?es the dance e6en mo$e inte$estin. F. Tini!ling # conside$ed as one of the most popula$ Philippine fol? dances and a fa6o$ite in the p$o6ince of Leyte# Tini7ling $eui$es s?ill and aility f$om its dance$s. 'he dance$s leap in# out# and tu$n in between and alonside $apidly beaten bamboo poles imitatin the Bti7ilngC bi$d as it hops to escape the bamboo t$aps laid out $ice fields. 1. *andanggo Sta. $lara # is one of many 6a$iations of the famous st$eet dance in Abando# Dulacan. 'he fol? colo$s of Abando come to life 6i6idly in the month of ,ay when its fishin town pays hoae to %ta. Cla$a# the pat$on saint of a lo6e$ in sea$ch of a wife o$ a husband.
III. "ilipinos li6in in the lowland a$eas enMoy life and wo$? with simple me$$iments. Kancin in colo$ful styles cha$acte$iEe thei$ leisu$e hou$s. 'hese dances showcases the dances of o$dina$y fol?s in the $u$al a$eas. A. %aglalati! # with coconut shells as implements# the people of Loma and Uapote in DiSan# Launa danced the ,alalati? o$ ,ababao. It is a wa$ dance depictin a fiht between the ,o$os and the Ch$istians o6e$ the lati?. Lati? is the $esidue left afte$ the coconut mil? has been boiled. 'his dance is usually pe$fo$med du$in the town fiesta. 'he dance$s o f$om house to house fo$ money o$ a ift. It is also pe$fo$med in the $eliious p$ocession as an offe$in to the pat$on saint of the fa$me$s# %an Isid$o de Lab$ado$. ". "ino-ugan # this dance o$iinated f$om stanEa# Panasinan. 'his is a dance of s?ill in which the dance$ has to display ood postu$e and $aceful mo6ements as she attempts to balance a bi pot half2full with wate$ on he$ head. +o$ug is a bi clay pot used by the women of this ba$$io fo$ diffe$ent pu$poses. +ino$ugan means with the use of the bi pot. $. Ti!lo0 # fo$ centu$ies# ti7los has been a 6e$y impo$tant facto$ in the social life of the peasants of Leyte. Ti7los $efe$s to a $oup of peasants who a$ee to wo$? fo$ e ach othe$ one day each wee? on the fa$m. Ku$in $est pe$iod# ti7los music is played with a flute accompanied by a uita$ and the guim%al o$ the tam%ora. 'he peasants then dance the ti7los '. $ario0a # means affectionate# lo6able o$ amiable. Bith a fan and a hand?e$chief# the dance$s o th$ouh hide2and2see? mo6ements and othe$ fli$tin acts e
'he dance fundamentals a$e impo$tant in lea$nin actual dances. 'hey become the basis fo$ inte$p$etin dance fiu$es easily. 'he dance positions a$e followed with the hands e
S<%36 %9,-,%3 %; - &?9 36 ;-
T,&6 %9,-,%3 %; - &?9 36 ;-
F%&- %9,-,%3 %; - &?9 36 ;-
F,;- %9,-,%3 %; - &?9 36 ;-
HEALTH QUARTER 4 – ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Environmental health is concerned with everything in the natural and man-made environment that might affect our health. The natural environment includes land and water forms while man-made environment includes houses, buildings, bridges, neighborhoods, cities and provinces and the like. The Central Intelligence Agency !"#!$ identified the most pressing environmental problems in the %hilippines as follows& #. 'ncontrolled deforestation, especially in watershed areas !. (oil erosion ). Air and water pollution in ma*or urban centers +. Coral reef degradation . Increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important breeding grounds of fish DEFORESTATION
Deforestation is the destruction of big areas of our forests and this has been going on for many years. e are losing our forests because of Agriculture, 'rbani/ation, Illegal logging, 0ining, 1orest fires Trees are cut down for the forests to become farms and to become towns and cities. These need lumber for houses, furniture, and many other necessities. e also e2port lumber to other countries, which necessitates cutting of trees. hat is the effect of deforestation on our health3 The International 4ice 4esearch Institute I44I$ in 5os 6anos, 5aguna estimates that it takes more than +,""" liters of water to produce one kilo of rice Imagine Echo %ro*ects, !""7$. 0ost of our freshwater comes from watersheds found in our forests. 8eforestation has resulted in the decrease of freshwater for our farms. (o, loss of forests means loss of food. It also means loss of other health products that come from the forests9clothing and medicines. 0any of our people rely on traditional medicines, and most of them are forest products. 1orests help prevent the appearance of communicable diseases. There are communicable diseases that result from deforestation, like dengue. These communicable diseases are usually transmitted by insect vectors, which in the case of dengue, are mos:uitoes. hen forests are lost, insect vectors and rodents who live in them lose their habitat, so they look for places where they can settle. If they cannot find other forests, then they settle in places where there are people. (moke from forest fires and the burning of fields for planting kaingin) causes respiratory problems. (moke from forest fires can travel hundreds of kilometers and can threaten not only the health of people but can also cause death. There are laws and regulations that protect our forests, but these laws are either weakly enforced or not enforced at all. This is the reason for the e2istence of illegal logging practices. To maintain our forests, new trees are supposed to be planted to take the place of trees that have been cut down. 'nfortunately, lack of funds makes reforestation difficult to sustain. SOIL ERORION
Soil erosion happens when soil and rock are moved from one place to another by wind, water, and gravity. It is brought about by natural and human activities. (trong winds and heavy rains cause soil erosion. %eople;s activities also cause soil erosion, like9 8eforestation, 6uilding of roads, Agriculture, 'rbani/ation9 creation of towns and cities, 0ining. (oil erosion is a result of deforestation. The forest floor is covered by fallen and dead leaves and humus or natural compost made up of plant and animal matter. The leaves of trees serve as umbrellas and the forest floor serves as a mat that both protect the soil from the rain, such that rainwater is slowly absorbed by the soil. The roots of trees and plants in the forest likewise hold the soil together and prevent it from being washed away. 8eforestation therefore e2poses the soil to wind and water. (oil erosion affects our health because most of our food comes from plants and our farmlands are, like our forests, fast disappearing at the rate of more than #",""",""" hectares a year because of soil erosion, while more than ).< million people are malnourished %imentel as cited in 5ang, !""=$. >ur nutrient-rich topsoil is lost when it is carried away by either wind or water. (oil also loses its fertility when the forest or farm is burned. As a result of erosion over the past +" years, )" ? of the world@s farmland has become unproductive. About =" ? of soil that is washed away ends up in rivers, streams and lakes, making waterways more prone to flooding and to contamination from soil@s fertili/ers and pesticides. (oil erosion also reduces the ability of soil to store water and support plant growth, thereby reducing its ability to support biodiversity. Erosion promotes critical losses of water, nutrients, soil organic matter and soil biota, harming forests, rangeland and natural ecosystems. Erosion increases the amount of dust carried by wind, which not only acts as an abrasive and air pollutant but also carries about !" human infectious disease organisms, including tuberculosis. • •
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AIR POLLUTION
The %hilippines is spending billions of pesos in income and time loss and health care e2pense because of air pollution orld 6ank, !""$. According to orld 6ank, #. million 1ilipinos of different ages are suffering from respiratory illness due to outdoor air pollution in urban areas, while almost a third of that number suffer from illnesses due to indoor air pollution. >utdoor air pollution >I%$ is caused mostly by e2haust from vehicles, especially *eepneys and tricycles, and factories. Smog smokeBfogsmog$ is caused by chemical reactions of pollutants, mainly e2haust from vehicles e2haust and factories. It is largescale outdoor pollution. 'rban areas where there are different kinds of vehicles and where there are many industrial establishments are often darkened by smog even during daylight, especially during the dry season. Particulates or Particulate matter (PM) is composed of tiny particles that pollute the air, including dust, dirt, soot, smoke, and li:uid droplets. (ome particulates are large and can be seenD others are so small that they can only be seen through the microscope. %articulates can stay in the air for a long time. hen we breathe them in, they can cause respiratory diseases. (moke coming from our activities9burning fuel, using gasoline for our vehicles, burning coal, oil and gas in factories and in generating electricity release gases carbon dio2ide, carbon mono2ide, water vapor, chlorofluorocarbons or C1C, and others$ in the atmosphere that add to global warming or warming of the Earth. The gases released in the atmosphere act like a blanket that traps the heat, making our temperature rise, thus warming the Earth. >n the other hand, indoor air pollution IA%$ is common among poor families because they use firewood, dried animal manure and coal in cooking and their kitchen is poorly ventilated. Indoor smoke contains carbon mono2ide and soot that have bad effects on the respiratory system when inhaled. omen and young children are the most affected by indoor air pollution because they are the ones who usually cook food and stay in the kitchen. 8eaths due to indoor air pollution IA%$ are usually due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or C>%8 for e2ample, chronic bronchitis$, pneumonia and lung cancer. 0en, on the other hand, likewise suffer from respiratory disease but is made worse if they smoke, which makes indoor air pollution worse. If there is a smoker at home, all the members of the household sill suffer from indoor air pollution due to second-hand smoke inhaling the smoke from the smoker$ and third-hand smoke inhaling smoke from clothes, bed sheets, curtains, and other things that absorb cigarette smoke. >ther conditions and illnesses related to indoor air pollution are low birth weight, tuberculosis, heart disease, and cancer of the respiratory organs WATER POLLUTION
>ur country, the %hilippines, will not be called %earl of the >rient (eas for no reason. The %hilippines is blessed with rich and beautiful natural resources that are the envy of other countries--land forms and water forms essential for our nation to live in comfort and for our country to progress economically. >ur water resources include freshwater from our rivers, waterfalls, brooks, springs, lakes, and groundwater. Then we have saltwater from our coasts, seas, and oceans. There is water everywhere, our country being an archipelago, and it is sufficient for everyone e2cept in urban and coastal areas, which are highly populated. (o many people are using water for so many purposes9household and industrial, such that much of the waste water is no longer treated or disposed properly. They become pollutants in the process. These pollutants are in different forms from different sources& sewage, detergents, fertili/er, heavy metals, chemical products, oils, and even solid waste. It needed water treatment. About )#? of illnesses reported were waterborne, including gastro-enteritis, diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (A4($. >ur growing population has likewise resulted in the urbani/ation of coastal areas. About =!? of our population lives in coastal areas. The urbani/ation of these areas is damaging our marine resources9coral reefs, mangroves and sea grasses. Fathering of corals has become a source of livelihood even if they are protected by environmental laws. 0angroves have been destroyed to give way to housing in coastal areas. Coral reefs and mangroves are home to our fish. Climate change caused by air pollution and resulting in rise in sea temperature has likewise destroyed our marine resources. The rising sea temperature has brought about fish kills and red tides, which happen during El Gino period. These events have resulted in the decreasing fish supply. e are a fish-eating people, and time will come when we might not have even fish to eat, if we do not do something about our present situation. COMMUNITY HEALTH
Community health is concerned with maintaining, protecting and improving the health of people living in their immediate geographic area, while environmental health is concerned with all aspects of the natural and man-made environment that might affect human health. A community is made up of people who live in the same neighborhood, barangay or city-- people with the same interests or background, or even organi/ations that have something in common. Hou and your family are members of a community and your health is affected by other members as well as by the community itself. Hour health problem can become a community health problem and the other way around. Hou and your family must therefore be responsible members of your community and be actively involved in solving community health problems. ealth problems are solved and health status improved once there is a *oint effort that brings the school and the community together. This necessitates a school to be health-promoting. To be effective, it has to recogni/e the potential of working closely with the community and to tap its resources, since the school is also part of the community. >ne of the key features of health-promoting schools is to strive to improve the health of the community by focusing on community health concerns and participating in community health pro*ects
