Keterampilan Mengajar Kelompok Kecil Dan Perorangan Dalam Pkr

R\IE_ @LAKJXK@ @LRLVEJXNAEM JLMIEGEV @LAKJXK@ FL_EV BEM @LAKJXK@ @LONA BEAEJ X@V

Bneg|`em \mr|` Jljlm|dn _eaed _er| R|ies Jere @|aned Xljflaegevem @laes Vemi`ex XLMIEJX\ Bvs- D- Cems|vn! J-Xb @LAKJXK@ < ^|aneme

$E5L ?89>85.

Jenbe J|srn`e

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E|ane Ewnwed

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Jn~embn L`k Em|ieved

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\`drn Cebe \deve

$ENL ?89>64.

Mkkvde~ern

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Mknlo`e Ynl~emrdn

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Xe|anme Vkdeme

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Jevnlrme RJ

$ENL ?89>35.

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5

@LRLVEJXNAEM JLMIEGEV @LAKJXK@ @LONA @LONA BEM XLVKVEMIEM BEAEJ X@V

_loeve rlkvn jljemi j|bed bniejfev`em srverlin jlmiegev ~emi slfen`m~e i|v|- Rlrexn bn aexemiem semier bnxlva|`em `ljejx|em bem `lrlvejxnaem feienjeme s|xe~e xljflaegevem `laes vemi`ex lcl`rnc bem lcnsnlm- _eaed ser| `lrlvejxnaem ~emi semier xlmrnmi bn`|esen slkvemi i|v| ebeaed jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem! ~emi jlv|xe`em `lrlvejxnaem `d|s|s ~emi semier bnxlva|`em kald i|v| _B beaej xljflaegevem `laes vemi`exE- Xlmilvrnem \mr|` jlminmier`em Embe xebe xlmieaejem jlmiegev `laes vemi`ex! okfe feoe bem xlvdern`em na|srvesn flvn`|r nmn 7 F| Memn! i|v| `laes NS bn _B _|jflv _enb xebe s|er| devn dev|s jlvemi`ex `laes S `evlme F| Rnmn flvdeaemiem debnv- \mr|` jlmiegev `laes rlvslf|r! sloeve jlmbebe` F| Rnmn jlmbexer vlmoeme- @laes NS ~emi g|jaedm~e 66 kvemi bnfeinm~e jlmgebn < `lakjxk` ~emi jesnmi*jesnmi rlvbnvn bevn 2 kvemi- \bnm bem Ebvnem bns|v|d fl`lvge slmbnvn @evlme jlvl`e semier olxer jljfeoe@lakjxk` bem eme` ~emi fl`lvge slmbnvn bns|v|d jljfeoe ser| yeoeme sloeve snmi`er bem `lj|bnem jlmgeyef xlvrem~eem ~emi bnflvn`em- Gn`e \bnm bem Ebvnem s|bed slalsen jlmilvge`em r|iesm~e jlvl`e bnjnmre jljjfemr| `lakjxk` ~emi fla|j slalsen- _ljlmreve @laes NS fl`lvge! F| Memnm e`em jlmiegev `laes S! bem slye`r|*ye`r| xlvin `l @laes NS |mr|` jljfemr| `lakjxk`  Na|srvesn bn eres jlmiiejfev`em vlmoeme jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem ~emi bnf|er sloeve jlmbebe` kald F| Memn- Gn`e Embe `egn na|srvesn rlvslf|r blmiem olvjer- Embe e`em jlander fedye @laes NS bnfein jlmgebn < `lakjxk`- Bn sejxnmi nr|! ebe j|vnb ~emi sloeve xlvkvemiem `evlme `lb|em~e fnesem~e fl`lvge semier olxer- Gebn beaej ye`r| ~emi seje! F| Memn e`em jljeb| j|vnb ~emi flaegev xlvkvemiem bem sloeve `lakjxk`Blmiem bljn`nem jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem ebeaed flaegev ~emi jlj|mi`nm`em i|v| beaej ye`r| ~emi seje jlmidebexn `lakjxk` 

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`lona bem j|vnb ~emi fl`lvge sloeve xlvkvemiem- _lrnex `lakjxk` bem xlvkvemiem jljx|m~en jljx|m~en `lsljxerem |mr|` flvrerex j|`e blmiem i|v|Bevn na|srvesn bn eres bexer Embe snje` fedye xlmiegevem `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem bnremben dea*dea flvn`|r 7 5-

Ebem~e d|f|miem emreve xvnfebn ~emi slder emreve i|v| bem j|vnb slvre j|vnb blmiem j|vnb-

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_nsye bexer `lsljxerem flaegev sls|en blmiem jnmer! oeve bem `lsljxerem slmbnvn-

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J|vnb jlmbexer femr|em bevn i|v| gn`e ne n e jljlva|`em~e

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Beaej feres*feres rlvrlmr|! j|vnb bexer bnanfer`em beaej xlmlmr|em oeve flaegev! eaer ~emi e`em bni|me`em! bem r|g|em ~emi nminm bnoexen@lrlvejxnaem jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona ebeaed `ljejx|em i|v|

jljfnjfnmi j|vnb eaej flaegev sloeve `lakjxk` blmiem g|jaed flv`nsev emreve ? dnmiie < kvemi ere| xeanmi fem~e` 4 kvemi |mr|` slrnex `lakjxk`m~e- _lbemi`em `lrlvejxnaem beaej xlmiegevem xlvkvemiem ere| xlmiegevem nmbnnb|ea ebeaed `ljejx|em i|v| beaej jljfnjfnmi j|vnb beaej flaegev sloeve nmbnnb|ea rlv|reje fein snsye ~emi jlmieaejn `ls|anrem flaegev ere| flvjeseaedF- Vesnkmea Ebex|m eaesem*eaesem xlva| bn`|esen i|v| beaej `lrlvejxnaem jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem slfeien flvn`|r 7 e-

Xebe besevm~e j|vnb jljx|m~en `ljejx|em bem oeve flaegev ~emi flvflbe- Beaej xlmiegevem `aesn`ea! i|v| jljxlvae`|`em j|vnb blmiem oeve ~emi seje! sldnmiie xlvflbeem `ljejx|em bem oeve flaegev j|vnb dejxnv re` xlvmed jlmbexer xlvdernem-

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Xlmiegevem `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem jlj|mi`nm`em rlvgebnm~e d|f|miem emrexvnfebn ~emi alfnd e`vef bem slder emreve i|v| blmiem j|vnb bem j|vnb blmiem j|vnb-

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@ebemi*`ebemi j|vnb bexer alfnd j|bed flaegev blmiem oeve jlmiegev rljemm~e ere| blmiem oeve flaegev flvseje rljem slxlvrn jlmilvge`em r|ies flvseje bem flvr|`ev xlmbexer-

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@linerem `lakjxk` `lona jlj|mi`nm`em j|vnb rlvanfer alfnd e`rnc beaej flaegev! sldnmiie remii|mi geyef j|vnb beaej flaegev g|ie jlmgebn alfnd flsev-

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_lgeaem blmiem `linerem `lakjxk` `lona! `linerem nmbnnb|ea ere| xlvkvemiem g|ie jljx|m~en flvfeien `l`|erem-

O- Sevnesn Xlmikviemnsesnem Xlmikviemnsesnem Xlmii|meem evnesn xlmikviemnsesnem bnje`s|b`em eiev j|vnb rlvdnmbev bevn xlveseem glm|d bem jljfksem`em! ~emi jlm~lfef`em xlveseem jeaes jlmgebn j|mo|aSevnesn xlmikviemnsesnem jlv|xe`em `lrlvejxnaem i|v| bn beaej jlmii|me`em flvjeoej*jeoej `ljejx|em |mr|` jly|g|b`em r|g|em flaegev xlslvre bnbn` sl`eani|s jlmieresn `lfksemem ere| `lglm|dem bem jlmnjf|a`em jnmer! ienved! bem e`rnnres flaegev ~emi lcl`rncSevnesn xlmikviemnsesnem! jlmoe`|x xlmii|meem xkae nmrlve`sn j|arn eved evrnm~e emreve i|v| blmiem j|vnb! j|vnb blmiem i|v| ere| j|vnb blmiem j|vnbSevnesn xlmikviemnsesnem jlmoe`|x xlmilakjxk``em snsye! xlmereem v|emi! bem evnesn xljemceerem s|jflv flaegeve-

Sevnesn xlmilakjxk``em snsye Beaej xljflaegevem xljflaegevem `laes vemi`ex! vemi`ex! `le`rncem `lakjxk` jlv|xe`em seaed ser| `|mon `lflvdesnaem flaegev snsye- Eiev i|v| bexer jlmie`rnc`em `lakjxk` slfen`m~e i|v| jljedejn xvnmsnx*xvnmsnx besev xljflaegevem `laes vemi`exBeaej xlae`semeem xljflaegevem `laes vemi`ex xlmilakjxk``em snsye jlv|xe`em s|er| `ldev|sem i|me jlmgejnm xvksls flaegev snsye eiev rlrex ecl`rnc- Jlmilmen xlmilakjxk``em flaegev snsye nmn rlvbexer flflvexe evnesn ~emi bexer bnxnand sls|en `lf|r|dem! ~enr| 7 5.

Xlmilakjxk``em j|vnb flvbesev`em vkjfkmiem flaegev 

Beaej dea nmn xljfeinem `lakjxk` flvbesev`em `laesm~e- Dea nmn bnae`|`em gn`e beaej xlae`semem xljflaegevem `laes vemi`ex jlmii|me`em jlmii|me`em jkbla xlmilakaeem X@V 555! X@V 655! X@V 665! bem 2

X@V ?55 ~enr| flmr|` xlae`semeem X@V beaej ser| v|emiemJnseam~e `laes NNN! `laes NS! bem `laes S bn beaej ser| v|emiem- Nmn flvevrn beaej ser| v|emiem ebe rnie `lakjxk`+vkjfkmiem snsye sls|en `laesm~e6.

Xlmilakjxk``em j|vnb flvbesev`em `lsejeem `ljejx|em

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Xlmilakjxk``em j|vnb flvbesev`em ` ljejx|em oejx|vem

2.

Xlmilakjxk``em j|vnb flvbesev`em `lsejeem |sne

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Xlmilakjxk``em flvbesev`em `kjxernfnanres j|vnb 

_lrnex j|vnb jljnan`n d|f|miem xlvrljemem ~emi bnbesev`em xebe vese seanmi jlm~|`en ere| vese xlvsedeferem- Besev xlvrljemem fnesem~e `evlme rljxer rnmiiea `evlme rljxer rnmiiea flvbl`erem! b|b|` bn `laes slaea| flvseje! slvnmi jlmilvge`em r|ies ere| flaegev flvseje! bem `evlme jljnan`n `linerem ~emi seje bn a|ev sl`kaedRlvflmr|`m~e `lakjxk` slxlvrn slxlvrn nmn flvsncer eaejn xlmilakjxk`em xlmilakjxk`em nmn flvbesev`em ebem~e `lf|r|dem xljflaegevem! ~enr| `evlme ebem~e r|ies flv`enrem blmiem `lbl`erem rljxer rnmiiea3.

Xlmilakjxk`em j|vnb sls|en `lf|r|dem xljflaegevem

Beaej xljflaegevem rlaed bnv|j|s`em r|g|emm~e kald i|v|Rlvoexenm~e r|g|em nr| xlva| b|`|miem blmiem xlmilakjxk`em j|vnb sls|en `lf|r|demm~e`lf|r|demm~eBeaej xljflaegevem `laes vemi`ex besev xlmilakjxk`em snsye dev|s bnevnesn |mr|` jlmidnmbevn `lglm|dem! `lfksemem! bem |mr|`  jlm|jf|d`em ienved flaegevf-

Sevnesn Xlmereem V|emi Xlmlvexem X@V beaej ser| v|emiem jljlva|`em xlmereem v|emiem ~emi alfnd `kjxal`s bevnxebe X@V beaej 6 ere| ? v|emiem- \mr|` ~emi bnae`seme`em beaej 6 ere| ? v|emiem! xlmereem v|emiem beaej dea nmn rljxer b|b|` j|vnb bem xexem r|ans bner|v eres besev `lj|bedem i|v| beaej jlmilakae sloeve flvinanv `lb|e ere| `lrnie v|emiem rlvslf|rOkmrkd! i|v| jlvemi`ex `laes N! NN! bem NNN! blmiem g|jaed j|vnb vere* vere 5< je`e bexer bni|me`em v|emi `laes N! slbemi `laes NN bem `laes NNN bnief|mi bn v|emi `laes N!

`evlme g|jaed g|jaed snsye slbn`nr- Rlrexn Rlrexn gn`e <

 g|jaed j|vnb fem~e` fem~e` bnxlva|`em b|e v|emi `laes! `laes! sldnmiie `laes `laes NN bem NNN bnief|mi beaej ser| v|emiemXlmereem v|emi |mr|` xlmilakaeem X@V beaej ser| v|emiem slaenm xlvrnjfemiem `lj|bedem xlmemiemem b|e ere| rnie vkjfkmiem flaegev  g|ie xlvrnjfemiem n`anj `laes bem jl`emnsjl nmrlve`sn i|v|*snsyeo-

Sevnesn s|jflv flaegev _|jflv flaegev jlmoe`|x slieae sls|er| slxlvrn jem|sne! flmbe! eaej sl`nrev! jes~eve`er! `lx|sre`eem! bem desna `lf|be~eem ~emi flvxkmrlmsn jljflvn nmckvjesn `lxebe snsye beaej flaegev- Flvfeien s|jflv flaegev rlvslf|r slfen`m~e bni|me`em sloeve flvevnesn beaej xljflaegevem `laes vemi`ex! sldnmiie rlrex rlvgeie `lienvedem bem jkrnesn flaegev snsye- Okmrkd! slkvemi i|v| jlmiegev blmiem jlvemi`ex rnie `laes ~enr| `laes NS! S! bem SN je`e snse `laes SN fnse bnflvn r|ies bnjeme geyefem bexer bnxlvkald bevn slf|ed f|`| bn Xlvx|sre`eem- _nsye `laes S bnflvn r|ies blmiem jlmoevn geyefem bn eaej sl`nrev jnsea bn `lf|m `lf|m sl`kaed+deaejem sl`kaed+deaejem sl`kaed! `laes `laes lmej bnflvn r|ies ~emi geyefemm~e bnxlvkald bevn s|jflv jes~eve`er-

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Sevnesn jkbla njxaljlmresn Jkbla 5- Xlaegevem bneyean blmiem xlvrlj|em `aesn`ea |mr|`  jljflvn`em nmckvjesn besev! xlmglaesem rlmremi r|ies ~emi e`em bn`lvge`em! slvre dea*dea aenm ~emi bnemiiex xlva|- Beaej jkbla 5 nmn! slrlaed xlvrlj|em `laes! j|vnb bnflvn`em `lsljxerem |mr|` jljnand `linerem blmiem fl`lvge beaej `lakjxk` ere| fl`lvge sloeve xlvkvemiemJkbla 6- Xlvreje bneyean blmiem xlmievedem ere| xlmglaesem sloeve `aesn`ea rlmremi jerlvn! r|ies! slvre oeve ~ei bni|me`em- _lrlaed nr| aemis|mi fl`lvge beaej `lakjxk`*`lakjxk` `lona ~emi bne`dnvn blmiem aexkvem `lakjxk`Jkbla ?- Xlvrlj|em bneyean blmiem xlmglaesem sloeve `aesn`ea_lrlaed nr| j|vnb aemis|mi fl`lvge sloeve xlvkvemiem bem `lj|bnem flvief|mi beaej `lakjxk`*`lakjxk` `lona |mr|` jlmikaed desna ~emi bnoexen bem bne`dnvn blmiem aexkvem `lakjxk`-

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Jkbla 2- Xlvrlj|em bneyean blmiem xlmglaesem `aesn`ea rlmremi `linerem ere| r|ies ~emi e`em bnae`seme`em- _lrlaed nr| aemis|mi fl`lvge sloeve xlvkvemiemB- Dea*dea ~emi Xlva| Bnxlvdern`em Beaej Jlmiegev @lakjxk` @lona bem Xlvkvemiem Beaej jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem dev|s jljxlvdern`em dea*dea slfeien flvn`|r 7 e-

Xljflaegevem bnae`|`em flvbesev`em xlvflbeem nmbnnb|ea J|vnb _B sloeve nmbnnb|ea flvflbe beaej fem~e` dea- Xlvflbeem rlvslf|r emreve aenm7 flvflbe beaej `ljejx|em flvxn`nv! `eve`rlvnsrn`! flvflbe slove ljksnkmea! flvflbe be~e remi`exm~e! fe`er! je|x|m jnmerm~eI|v| ~emi fen` e`em jljflvn`em ae~emem sloeve `d|s|s `lxebe j|vnb ~emi eie` aejfer aejfer jlmemi`ex jlmemi`ex jerlvn xlaegvemxlaegvem- Bljn`nem beaej beaej jlmidebexn xlvflbeem nmbnnb|ea bexer bnae`|`em jlaea|n xljflaegevem `lakjxk` `lona- Jnseam~e snsye ~emi flv`ljejx|em `|vemi bngebn`em ser| `lakjxk`! ere| snsye ~emi rejxe` eivlsnc gebn ser| `lakjxk`! `lj|bnem bnflvn`em ae~emem fnjfnmiem flaegev sloeve `d|s|s-

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Jljxlvdern`em bem jlae~emn `lf|r|dem j|vnb Beaej xljflaegevem `laes vemi`ex xlva| jljxlvdern`em bem jlae~emn `lf|r|dem j|vnb- J|vnb flvesea bevn aerev flae`emi `la|evie ~emi rnbe` seje! slvre anmi`|miem `ldnb|xem ~emi rnbe` seje x|ae sldnmiie jljnan`n xlmieaejem dnb|x flvflbe ser| seje aenm- Xlvflbeem nmn jlm~lfef`em xlvflbeem `lf|r|dem snsye- _l~ki~em~e i|v| jljflvn`em ae~emem ere| fnjfnmiem flaegev `lxebe j|vnb sls|en blmiem xlvflbeem `lxlva|em `lxlva|em ~emi bnjnan`nm~e- Okmrkd! gn`e bng|jxen j|vnb ~emi flv`ljejx|em vlmbed je`e xlva| fnjfnmiem sloeve xlvkvemiem bem r|ies bnsls|en`em blmiem `ljejx|em- Gn`e ebe j|vnb ~emi rnbe`  jljnan`n f|`| olre` `evlme rnbe` jejx| flan slbemi ~emi aenm jljnan`n! je`e bexer bnxnmgejn f|`| jnan` sl`kaed-! ere| rljem aenm bnjnmre |mr|`  flvslbne flvseje*seje-

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Jlmi|xe~e`em Jlmi|xe~e`em xvksls flaegev jlmiegev ~emi e`rnc bem lcl`rnc  Dea nmn ~emi bn|reje`em beaej xljflaegevem! f|`em feienjeme i|v| jlmiegev! rlrexn ~emi alfnd xlmrnmi ebeaed feienjeme i|v| jlmiegev eiev j|vnb jlae`|`em rnmbe` flaegev sloeve e`rnc ebem lcl`rnc\m|` jlmie`rnc`em bem jlmilcl`rnc`em j|vnb flaegev beaej xvksls flaegev jlmiegev! i|v| g|ie dev|s flv|sede sloeve e`rnc jljflvn`em fnjfnmiem flaegev- Rnbe` slxlvrn ~emi bn`kmkresn`em j|vnb e`rnc i|v| xesnc ere| ~emi xlmrnmi j|vnb e`rnc slmbnvn slbemi e`rnnres i|v| rnbe`  bnxlvskea`em - Okmrkd! seer i|v| jljflvn r|ies! ere| bns`|sn `lakjxk`! i|v| slaea| flvebe bn rlmied `lakjxk` |mr|` jljflvn`em fnjfnmiem ere| femr|em `lxebe j|vnb bem jljxlvdern`em `l`kjxk` ere| j|vnb ~emi jlmieaejn `ls|anrem jlmilvge`em r|ies-

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Jlvemisemi r|jf|d*`ljfemim~e r|jf|d*`ljfemim~e `ljejx|em kxrnjea j|vnb R|ies i|v| slfeien xlmbnbn` bn sl`kaed xebe besev ebeaed jljfemr| r|jf|d*`ljfemim~e r|jf|d*`ljfemim~e j|vnb sloeve kxrnjea sla|v|d esxl` xlv`ljfemiem! xlv`ljfemiem! ~enr| fen` esxl` nmrlal`r|ea! esxl` ljksnkmea! esxl` jkvea! esxl` fedese! esxl` skonea! je|x|m esxl` cnsn`- _lj|e esxl` rlvslf|r r|jf|d* `ljfemim~e jlmgebn remii|mi geyef i|v| bnsl`kaed- Esxl` jkvea! ljksnkmea! skonea! bexer bnae`|`em jlaea|n okmrkd rlaebem! oeve ere| xkae es|d i|v| rlvdebex j|vnb flv|xe r|r|v `ere- _lbemi`em esxl` fedese xlvem i|v| glaes sl`ean beaej xvksls flaegev jlmiegev! ~enr| xlmii|meem fedese sls|en rnmi`er xlv`ljfemiem j|vnb je|x|m xlmii|meem fedese ~emi fen` bem flmev- R|jf|d*`ljfemi esxl` cnsn` rlv|reje bnae`|`em kald i|v| xlmbnbn`em gesjemn je|x|m kald i|v| `laes jlaea|n `linerem* `linerem aenm slxlvrn slmej xein! flvfevns! `linerem devn*devn flsev bem slfeienm~e-

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Xlvilslvem bevn xlmiegevem `aesn`ea `l xlmiegevem `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiemFein i|v| ~emi s|bed fnese blmiem xlmiegevem `aesn`ea! slfen`m~e bnj|aen blmiem xlmiegevem `lakjxk`! `lj|bnem sloeve flvredex `lxebe xlmiegevem xlvkvemiem- Rnbe` Rnbe` slj|e slj|e rkxn` ere| xk`k` xk`k` fedesem fedesem bexer bnxlaegevn sloeve lcl`rnc beaej `lakjxk` `lona je|x|m xlvkvemiem4

Dea*dea ~emi flvsncer |j|j slxlvrn xlmievedem nmckvjesn |j|j slfen`m~e bnflvn`em beaej flmr|` `laes flsev- Okmrkd gn`e j|vnb bnjnmre |mr|` jljf|`rn`em fedye rnrn` bnbnd env 588 ⁸O jlaea|n l`sxlvnjlm je`e

slfen`m~e

bnae`|`em

xljflaegevem

`lakjxk`

`lona

ere|

xlvkvemiem! rlrexn gn`e j|vnb bnjnmre |mr|` jljedejn slf|ed `kmslx! xvnmsnx! ere| rlkvn rlmremi rere s|v~e je`e e`em lcl`rnc gn`e xljflaegevem bnae`|`em sloeve `aesn`eac-

Aemi`ed xlmiegevem `lajxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem Beaej xlmiegevem `lakjxk` `lona! aemi`ed xlvreje ebeaed jlmikviemnsesn snsye! s|jflv! jerlvn! v|emiem! slvre ye`r| ~emi bnxlva|`em bem bne`dnvn blmiem `linerem `|ajnmesn ~emi bexer flv|xe vemi`|jem! xljemrexem! ere| aexkvem- Beaej xlmiegevem xlvkvemiem i|v| dev|s jlmilmea j|vnb sloeve xvnfebn sldnmiie `kmbnsn flaegev bexer bner|v- @linerem beaej xlmiegevem xlvkvemiem bexer bnae`|`em jlaea|n xe`lr flaegev ere| fedem ~emi rlaed bnsnex`em kald i|v|- Okmrkd j|vnb ~emi jlmieaejn `ls|anrem skea jerljern`e xlva| bnflvn`em fnjfnmiem flaegev sloeve xlvkvemiem- _lbemi`em snsye ~emi rnbe` jlmieaejn `ls|anrem bnjnmre jlmilvge`em slmbnvn ere| bnxlvfkald`em flvrem~e xebe rljem-

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Jlmii|me`em Jlmii|me`em flvfeien evnesn beaejxlmikviemnsesnemm~e beaejxlmikviemnsesnemm~e Sevnesn xlmikviemnsesnem jlmoe`|x evnesn xlmilakjxk``em! xlmilakjxk``em! evnesn xlmereem v|emi bem evnesn s|jflv flaegev- @lrnie evnesn rlvslf|r xlva| bnae`|`em beaej xljflaegevem `laes vemi`ex- Jlminmier i|v| rnbe`  bexer flvxlvem flvxlvem bem jlmikmrvka sloeve sloeve rlv|s jlmlv|s rlvdebex rlvdebex slj|e `lakjxk` flsev- Okmrkd snsye rnbe` slaea| beaej `lakjxk` ~emi seje rlrexn sl`ean*`ean bnjnmre |mr|` jljnand jljna nd rljem ~emi bns|`en |mr|` flvebe beaej `lakjxk`m~e`lakjxk`m~e-

>

@KJXKMLM @LRLVEJXNAEM JLMIEGEVEM @LAKJXK@ @LONA BEM XLVKVEMIEM

Beaej `linerem flaegev nmn! embe e`em jlmbexer `lsljxerem |mr|`  jljfedes bem flvaernd jlmlvex`em `kjxkmlm*`kjxkmlm `kjxkmlm*`kjxkmlm `lrlvejxnaem jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem- @ljejx|em jlmi|esen bem jlmlvex`em `lrlvejxnaem rlvslf|r e`em semier jljfemr| embe beaej jlmiegev `laes vemi`exEmbe e`em alfnd jejx| jlmier|v ye`r| bem `linerem j|vnb sldnmiie ye`r| `linerem e`ebljn` e`em jlmnmi`er x|ae@lrlvejxnaem jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem bnfein jlmgebn 2 `kjxkmlm! ~enr|7 5-

@lrlvejxnaem jlmiebe`em xlmbl`erem sloeve xvnfebn

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@lrlvejxnaem jlmikviemnsesn`em `linerem

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@lrlvejxnaem jljfnjfnmi bem jlj|bed`em flaegev

2-

@lrlvejxnaem jlvlmoeme`em bem jlae`sem`em `linerem xljflaegevem

5-

@lrlvejxnaem Jlmiebe`em Xlmbl`erem _loeve Xvnfebn Xlmiegevem `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem jljxlvs~ever`em rlvgebnm~e d|f|miem ~emi e`vef bem slder emreve i|v| bem j|vnb slvre emreve j|vnb bem j|vnb- D|f|miem ~emi slxlvrn nmn dem~e j|mi`nm rlvgebn gn`e i|v| jejx| jlmiebe`em xlmbl`erem sloeve xvnfebn- \mr|` nr| i|v| xlva| jljxlvdern`em bem jlae`|`em dea*dea slfeien flvn`|r7 e-

R|mg|``em xlvdernem ~emi demier Xlvdernem ~emi demier! e`vef bem flvsedefer jlm|jf|d`em xlveseem! `lje|em bem `lnminmem flaegev remxe ebem~e xlveseem rlvxe`se- J|vnb flaegev blmiem xlm|d s|`e onre! `liljfnveem! bem `lvnemiem `evlme jlvese jlmbexer xlvdernem bevn i|v|- J|vnb flaegev blmiem slvn|s bem flv`kmslmrvesn xlm|d xebe xlaegevem sldnmiie desna flaegev ~emi bnoexen g|ie e`em alfnd fen`- \mr|` rlvgebnm~e dea rlslf|r i|v| bexer jlm|mg|``em `ldemierem bem `lxl`eem rlvdebex `lf|r|dem j|vnb fen` beaej `lakjxk` `lona je|x|m xlvkvemiem58

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Jlmblmiev xlmbexer j|vnb _lkvemi i|v| ~emi fen`! jlmiedevien xlmbexer j|vnb! rnbe`  jlmiefen`e bem jlvljld`em- _lrnex exe ~emi bnsejxen`em ere| xlmbexer j|vnb bnremiiexn blmiem s|mii|d*s|mii|d- Jlmblmiev`em sloeve snjxern` nbl*nbl ~emi bn`lj|`e`em kald snsye- @lf|r|dem j|vnb e`em xlmidevieem e`em rlvxlm|dn- Dea nmn jlm|jf|d`em `lf|r|dem e`r|eansesn bnvn j|vnb! sldnmiie jkrnesn flaegevm~e jlmnmi`er- Rlv|reje jkrnesn nmrvnmsno ~emi semier xlmrnmi beaej xvksls flaegev j|vnb! bem |mr|` jlmoexen `lflvdesnaem flaegev-

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Flvn`em vlsxkm ~emi xksnrnc  Vlsxkm xksnrnc e`em jljflvn`em xlmi|erem fein j|vnb |mr|` alfnd jlmnmi`er`em |xe~em~e beaej flvxvlsresn bem flaegev alfnd iner- J|vnb e`em jljnan`n `lflvemnem flvxevrnsnxesn e`rnc bem `vlernc beaej xljflaegevem- I|v| ~emi fen` e`em slaea| jljflvn`em vlsxkm xksnrnc  rlvdebex f|ed xn`nvem j|vnb! flrexex|m `lonam~e f|ed xn`nvem-

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Onxre`em d|f|miem seanmi xlvoe~e Jljfemi|m d|f|miem seanmi jljxlvoe~en fein i|v| semier xlmrnmi eiev snsye je| jlmi|mi`ex`em `ls|anrem*`ls|anrem ere|x|m xlvskeaem ~emi bndebexn- Blmiem flinr| i|v| bexer jljfemr| jlmoevn`em ska|snm~e! bem j|vnb rnbe` rlvglfe` beaej xlvjeseaedem ~emi `kjxal`s_ldnmiie j|vnb bexer r|jf|d bem flv`ljfemi sloeve sloeve kxrnjea! bem bexer jlmoexen xvlsresn flaegev ~emi fen`-

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R|mg|``em `lslbneem jljfemr| j|vnb I|v| dev|s jejx| jlm|mg|``em `lsnexem |mr|` jljfemr| j|vnb! eiev j|vnb jlvese rnbe` vei|*vei| |mr|` jljnmre femr|em- @d|s|sm~e femr|em ae~emem `ls|anrem flaegev- Xeanmi rnbe` j|vnb je| flvrem~e gn`e jlmieaejn `ls|anrem beaej jlmilvge`em skea ere|x|m r|ies! fen` bn `laes je|x|m bn a|ev `laes-

c-

Flvsn`ex rlvf|`e rlvdebex j|vnb Jlmlvnje xlveseem j|vnb blmiem xlm|d xlmilvrnem bem rlvf|`e_n`ex i|v| rlvdebex j|vnb ~emi jlmi|mi`ex`em xlveseemm~e xlveseemm~e dlmbe`m~e bnrlvnje blmiem dern ~emi aexemi! bem jlmokfe jljedejn |mi`ex`em 55

xlveseem j|vnb rlvslf|r- _n`ex nmn jlm|jf|d`em vese xlvoe~e j|vnb rlvdebex i|v|- Blmiem bljn`nem j|vnb flvemiiexem fedye i|v| slfeien rljem slgern bem sedefer ~emi fnse bnege` flvfein xlveseem- Gn`e i|v| jejx| jlvese`em exe ~emi bnvese`em kald j|vnb bem `lj|bnem flv|sede jlvlsxkm sloeve r|a|s! i|v| rlaed flvdesna jlmonxre`em d|f|miem ~emi e`vef bem slderi-

@lmbean`em snr|esn eiev j|vnb jlvese ejem Flv|sedeaed jlmilmbean`em snr|esn dnmiie j|vnb jlvese ejem! xlm|d xljedejem! jlvese bnfemr|! slvre jlvese jlmlj|`em earlvmernl xljloedem jeseaed ~emi bndebexn- Xlmonxreem snr|esn flaegev ~emi ejem bem jlm~lmemi`em fein j|vnb semier rlviemr|mi bevn `ljejx|em i|v| |mr|` jlmlvex`em flvfein `lrlvejxnaem besev jlmiegev- Jljflvn xlmi|erem sloeve rlxer! jlmidnmbevn vlsxkm mliernc! jljflvn xlr|mg|`  ~emi glaes! rlies beaej flvrnmbe`! jlv|xe`em |sede*|sede ~emi bexer bnae`|`em i|v| beaej jlmonxre`em s|eseme flaegev ~emi ejem bem jlm~lmemi`em-

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@lrlvejxnaem Jlmikviemnsesn`em @linerem Jlmikviemnsesn`em `linerem jlmiemb|mi evrn jlvemoemi! jlmier|v bem jlmilmbean`em `linerem flaegev xljflaegevem ~emi rlxer- _laeje `linerem jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona ere| xlvkvemiem flvaemis|mi! i|v| flvxlvem slfeien kviemnserkv ~emi jlmier|v bem jljkmnrkv `linerem bevn eyea sejxen e`dnv\mr|` nr| i|v| xlva| jljxlvdern`em bem jlae`|`em dea*dea slfeien flvn`|r 7 e-

Ebe`ed xlmilmeaem |j|j jlmilmen nsn bem aerev `linerem flaegev ~emi e`em bnae`seme`em- Jlanx|rn xljflvnem kvnlmresn |j|j rlmremi r|g|em! r|ies! oeve `lvge! ye`r|! rljxer `lvge bem slfeienm~e slfla|j `linerem `lakjxk` ere| xlvkvemiem bn j|aen-

f-

I|me`em evnesn `linerem sls|en `lf|r|dem- Jljevnesn`em `linerem ~emi

jlmoe`|x

xlm~lbneem

v|emiem!

xlveaerem!

bem

oeve

jlae`seme`emm~e- Jljevnesn `linerem! jnseam~e flv|xe kfslvesn! bns`|sn desna kfslvesn! jljloed`e jljloed`em m jeseaed! jljf|er `lvegnmem remiem flvseje ere| flaegev slmbnvn bevn f|`|56

o-

Ebe`em

xlmilakjxk``em

j|vnb

~emi

sls|en

blmiem

r|g|em-

Xlmilakjxk``em j|vnb bnflmr|` sloeve rlxer eiev r|g|em xljflaegevem bexer rlvoexen blmiem fen` jnseam~e jlmilakjxk``em flvbesev`em rljxer b|b|`m~e! `ljejx|emm~e $~emi xnmrev blmiem ~emi xnmrev ere| bnoejx|v.! ere| jlm|v|r `lnminmem $jnmer.- Xlmilakjxk``em j|vnb bexer bnae`|`em blmiem flvfeien oeve sls|en blmiem `lxlva|emb-

@kkvbnmesn `linerem- Gemiem a|xe jlmi`kkvbnmesn`em eml`e `linerem ~emi flvaemis|mi- Jlmi`kkvbnmesn `linerem blmiem oeve jlander `ljeg|em j|vnb bevn eyea sejxen e`dnv `linerem- Blmiem oeve nmn! i|v| e`em bexer jljemre| exe`ed r|ies bn`lvge`em blmiem flmev ere| exe`ed j|vnb jljlva|`em femr|em-

l-

Flvn`em xlvdernem xebe flvfeien r|ies ~emi bnflvn`em- I|v| ~emi fen`    g|ie e`em jljfein xlvdernem `lxebe flvfeien r|ies bem `lf|r|dem j|vnb sldnmiie j|vnb slaea| jlvese fedye i|v| ebe flvseje jlvl`e `evlme femr|em ~emi jlvl`e xlva|`em slaea| bnflvn`em xebe seer ~emi rlxer-

c-

\sede`em eiev xebe e`dnv `linerem slaea| ebe xlm~njx|aem- Jlmie`dnvn `linerem blmiem s|er| `|ajnmesn ~emi rlxer e`em jlj|mi`nm`em j|vnb seanmi flaegev- Jljegemi`em desna `ev~e! jlmemiiexn desna `lvge `lakjxk`! jlmbljkmsrvesn`em desna `lvge! jlv|xe`em okmrkd*okmrkd `linerem `|ajnmesn ~emi ljlj|mi`nm`em j|vnb seanmi flaegev-

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@lrlvejxnaem Jljfnjfnmi bem Jlj|bed`em Flaegev Bnbeaej flaegev j|vnb jljlva|`em fnjfnmiem bem `lj|bedemFnjfnmiem flvc|misn jljflvn geaem feienjeme slfen`m~e j|vnb jljxlaegevn sls|er|- @lj|bedem flaegev flvc|misn jljflvn`em s|eseme ~emi jlmbkvkmi j|vnb |mr|` jlmnmi`er`em e`rnnres flaegev- @lrlvejxnaem nmn jlj|mi`nm`em i|v| jljfemr| j|vnb |mr|` jeg| remxe jlmieaejn cv|sresn- \mr|` nr| i|v| xlva| jljxlvdern`em bem jlae`|`em dea*dea slfeien flvn`|r 7 e-

Flvn`em xlmi|erem rlvdebex xlvnae`| j|vnb ~emi fen`- Blmiem jljflvn`em xlmi|erem jlmbkvkmi |mr|` jeg| ere| jlmoexen desna flaegev ~emi alfnd fen`- Flvn`emaed xlmi|erem sloeve rlxer sldnmiie j|vnb rlvbkvkmi |mr|` flaegev alfnd fen`- Xlmi|erem ~emi bnflvn`em 5?

dev|saed flvje`me! demier! rlxer sesevem! flvevnesn! bem bnflvn`em slilve slrlaed j|vnb jlm|mg|``em xlvnae`| $geyefem! r|ies bem aenm* aenm. ~emi bndevex`emf-

Jlae`|`em s|xlvnsn xvksls eyea bem flvsn`ex f lvsn`ex remiiex rlvdebex `lebeem j|vnb- I|v| bexer jlmiljfemi`em s|xlvnsn xvksls eyea! ~e`mn sn`ex remiiex i|v| rlvdebex j|vnb fen` nmbnnb| je|x|m `lakjxk` ~emi jlj|mi`nm`em i|v| jlmilred|n exe`ed slieae sls|er| flvgeaem aemoev sls|en blmiem ~emi bndebex`em-

o-

Jlae`|`em s|xlvnsl xvksls aemg|r-Jlmiebe`em s|xlvnsl xvksls aemg|r ~emi jlj|ser`em xlvdernem xebe xlml`emem bem xljflvnem femr|em `lrn`e `linerem flvaemis|mi\mr|` nr| i|v| dev|s jejx| flvnmrlve`sn blmiem j|vnb sldnmiie femr|em ~emi bnflvn`em o|`|x

lcl`rnc- Nmrlve`sn Nmrlve`sn flv|xe femr|em nmn bexer bexer

bnae`|`em beaej flmr|`*flmr|` flmr|`*flmr|` flvn`|r flvn`|r 7 5-

Jljflvn`em

xlaegevem

rejfedem

ere|

fnjfnmiem

flaegev

$r|rkvnea.-Jnseam~e |mr|` `kmslx + rkxn` ~emi s|`ev s|`ev bnxedejn6-

Jlanfer`em

bnvn

slfeien

xlslvre

e`rnc

bevn

`lakjxk`

~emi

jljx|m~en de` bem `lyegnfem ~emi seje blmiem emiikre `lakjxk` aenm- @ldebnvem i|v| beaej `lakjxk` e`em jlmbkvkmi j|vnb |mr|` alfnd e`rnc?-

Jljnjxnm bns`|sn `lakjxk` `lona! gn`e bnxlva|`em-

2-

Flvrnmbe` slfeien `ereanserkv! ~enr| jlmnmi`er`em `ljejx|em snsye |mr|` flvxn`nv+flaegev jlaea|n xlvrem~eem! `kjlmrev! bem sevem* sevem-

b-

Jlmiebe`em Jlmiebe`em s|xlvnsn

xljemb|em! xljemb|em! ~emi ~emi flvr|g|em |mr|` jlmnaen

xlmoexenem r|g|em `linerem slvre jlm~neie`em |mr|` jlmin`|rn `linerem e`dnvNmn bnae`|`em blmiem jlmberemin `lakjxk`! jlmnaen `ljeg|emm~e! bem jlm~nex`em jlvl`e |mr|` jlmin`|rn `linerem e`dnv oeve lcl`rncGn`e `nre `enr`em `lrlvejxnaem rlvslf|r blmiem xljflaegevem `laes vemi`ex! `nre e`em jlander fedye `lrlvejxnaem nmn semier bnf|r|d`emI|v| ~emi rlvejxna jljfnjfnmi bem jlj|bed`em j|nb flaegev! 52

jlmiegev b|e `laes ere| alfnd rnbe` e`em jlmgebn jeseaed- I|v| rnbe`  dev|s jljfnjfnmi ere| jljfemr| slj|e j|vnb! mej|m i|v| red| `exem bne dev|s jljfemr| snexe! bem feienjeme bne dev|s jljfemr|-

2-

@lrlvejxnaem Jlvlmoeme`em bem Jlae`seme`em @linerem Xljflaegevem $@linerem Flaegev Jlmiegev. @linerem i|v| beaej xljflaegevem slxlvrn jljf|`e xlaegevem! jlm~egn`em `linerem nmrn! jljfnjfnmi xlslvre bnbn` bem jlmilea|esnm~e! dlmbe`m~e bner|v bvmism fen` bem xlm|d `ls|mii|dem@linerem flaegev jlmiegev beaej vemi`e xlae`semeem X@V vemoemiem `linerem xljflaegevem lver `enremm~e blmiem jkbla X@V ~emi bnrlvex`emR|ies i|v| ~emi |reje ebeaed jljfemr| j|vnb jlae`|`em `linerem! fen`  sloeve xlvkvemiem je|x|m sloeve `lakjxk`- \mr|` nr| i|v| dev|s jejx| jljf|er xlvlmoemeem xlvlmoemeem `linerem flaegev jlmiegev ~emi rlxer fein slrnex j|vnb bem `lakjxk` slvre jejx| jlae`seme`emm~e- \mr|` jljf|er xlvlmoemeem ~emi rlxer! i|v| bnr|mr|r jejx| jlmbneimksns `ljejx|em e`ebljns j|vnb! jljedejn ie~e flaegev jlmiegev! jnmer j|vnb! bem slfeienm~eslfeienm~e@lrlvejxnaem

jlvlmoeme`em

bem

jlae`seme`em

`linerem

flaegev

jlmiegev nmn jlmoe`|x 7 e-

Jljfemr| j|vnb jlmlrex`em r|g|em xlaegevem bem jlmsrnj|aesn j|vnb |mr|` jlmoexen r|g|em rlvslf|r- \mr|` je`s|b rlvslf|r bexer bnae`|`em blmiem bns`|sn

ere| jlm~lbne`em jlm~lbne`em fedem*fedem fedem*fedem ~emi ~emi jlmevn`! jlmevn`! ~emi ~emi

jejx| jlmbkvkmi j|vnb |mr|` jlmoexen r|g|em rlvslf|r- Mej|m xlva| bnnmier fedye `lfneseem jlmlrex`em r|g|em flaegev fein j|vnb bn Nmbkmlsne fla|j jljf|be~e! fed`em j|mi`nm fla|j xlvmed ebe j|vnb ~emi bnflvn `lsljxerem |mr|` jlmlrex`em r|g|em flaegev- Kald `evlme nr|! slfeien i|v|! embe xlva| j|aen jljflvn`em `lsljxerem `lxebe j|vnb |mr|` sl`ean*`ean $jnseam~e slf|aem sl`ean. jlmlrex`em r|g|em flaegevf-

Jlvlmoeme`em `linerem flaegev jlmiegev flvseje j|vnb- Flvbesev`em desna bneimksns xlmlrexem r|g|em! i|v| bexer jlvlmoeme`em `linerem flaegev ~emi sls|en blmiem r|g|em! jnmer! bem `ljejx|em j|vnb5<

Xlvlmoemeem ~emi bnf|er dev|saed jlmoe`|x `vnrlvne `lflvdesnaem! aemi`ed*aemi`ed aemi`ed*aemi`ed `lvge! ye`r|! slvre `kmbnsn flaegev ~emi bnxlva|`emo-

Flvrnmbe` ere| flvxlvem slfeien slfeien xlmeslder xlmeslder fein j|vnb fnae bnxlva|`emI|v| bexer jljflvn`em femr|em ~emi rlxer gn`e i|v| jejx| flvnmrlve`sn

sloeve

lcl`rnc

blmiem

j|vnb

sldnmiie

j|vnb

je|

jlmi|mi`ex`em jeseaedm~e- @lj|bnem i|v| bexer jljflvn`em sevem+meslder ~emi `nve*`nve bexer jlmieved`em j|vnb `leved flaegev ~emi alfnd fen`b-

Jljfemr| j|vnb jlmnaen xlmoexenem bem `ljeg|emm~e slmbnvn- Nmn flvevrn jljflvn `lsljxerem `lxebe j|vnb |mr|` jljxlvfen`n bnvnm~e slmbnvn ~emi jlv|xe`em `lvge seje i|v| blmiem j|vnb beaej snr|esn xlmbnbn`em

~emi

jem|sneyn-

Xebe

|j|jm~e

xlmnaenem

eres

`ljeg|em+xlmoexenem j|vnb bnae`|`em kald i|v|- J|vnb fed`em rnbe`  xlvmed bnanfer`em beaej jlmnaen bnvnm~e slmbnvn- Kald `evlme nr|! embe jljx|m~en `lsljxerem ~emi fen` |mr|` j|aen jljfnjfnmi j|vnb jlmnaen `ljeg|emm~e slmbnvnBeaej xlmlvexemm~e! `lakjxk` `lrlvejxnaem jlmiegev `lakjxk` `lona bem xlvkvemiem jesnmi*jesnmi jljx|m~en rl`emem ~emi flvflbe@lrlvejxnaem jlmikviemnsesn`em `linerem slvre jljfnjfnmi bem jlj|bed`em flaegev alfnd fem~e` rlv`enr blmiem jlmiegev `lakjxk`  `lona slbemi`em `lrlvejxnaem jlmiebe`em xlmbl`erem sloeve xvnfebn slvre jlvlmoeme`em bem jlae`seme`em `linerem alfnd fem~e` rlv`enr blmiem xljflaegevem xlvkvemiem-

53

BECREV X\_RE@E

Bgeana! Evne b``- 6883- Xljflaegevem @laes Vemi`ex- Ge`evre7 \mnlvsnres Rlvf|`e

Bvs- _|mevyem! J- Xb

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