Pengelolaan Kelas Dalam Pkr

@OHOCOB VKMNKCACOOM HKCOZ DOCO@ VH\

Deoi{hom {mt{h `k`km{be zocob zot{ t{noz `oto h{ceob Vk`lkcoio|om Hkcoz \omnhov Dazkm Vkmno`v{9 D|z- B- Gomz{|e# @- Vd

Dez{z{m Ackb9 O|eg \ob`om V|ozktua M{|{c Oyeyob

O?K:6>5

O?K:6>5

^obu{ Zktua On{ztemo Oz|e Gote`ob

O?K:6>5

O?K:6>5

Bodeot{c Bozomob

O?K:6>5

Eto

O?K:6>5<7

O{ceo \ob`om

O?K:6>5<>

@{zge \az`oeme

O?K:6>5:<

On{ztemo V{zwetozo|e O?K:6>546 K|mode Bev|kuode

O?K:6>54:

DKVO\TK@KM VKMDEDEHOM MOZEAMOC [MEWK\ZETOZ CO@L[MN @OMNH[\OT GOH[CTOZ HKN[\[OM DOM EC@[ VKMDEDEHOM V\AN\O@ ZT[DE Z? VNZD TK\EMTKN\OZE LOMIO\LO\[

<665

VKMNKCACOOM HKCOZ DOCO@ VH\

Z{l [met? O- Vkmotoom \{omn Hkcoz Zocob zot{ {mz{| do|e vkmnkcacoom hkcoz odocob vkmotoom hkcoz Vkmotoom hkcoz `k`k|c{hom vk|boteom dom vk|kmjomoom uomn z{mnn{b-z{mnn{b doco` v|azkz vk`lkcoio|om Doco` VH\ vkmotoom |{omn hkcoz vkmtemn {mt{h  decoh{hom dkmnom tk|kmjomo {mt{h `kmd{h{mn v|azkz vk`lkcoio|om Ohtewetoz `{|ed dom `alecetoz lkcoio| zomnot temnne De`omo `{|ed doco` VH\ det{mt{t {mt{h lkcoio| `omde|e# `kmnk|iohom t{noz# `kmno`lec dom `kmnk`locehom lobom lkcoio|# `kmue`vom ocot# `kcoh{hom vkmno`otom loeh zkjo|o emdewed{oc `o{v{m hkca`vah# zk`{omuo zk`{omuo decoh{hom zkjo|o tk|o|ob dom tedoh deo~oze n{|{ zkjo|o tk|{z `kmk|{z Ho|kmo `{|ed bo|{z `kcoh{hom hkneotom zkmde|e doco` hkcoz# `oho `{|ed`{|ed tk|zkl{t bo|{z oh|ol dkmnom |{omn hkcozmuo @k|kho bo|{z `k|ozo zkvk|te odo doco` |{`obmuo zkmde|e# v|azkz lkcoio| lk|iocom comjo| ho|kmo `{|ed

tkcob

`kmnkmoc

|{omn

hkcoz

dkmnom

loeh#

de`omo

`k|kho

`kmno`lec#`kmnk`locehom# `kmue`vom zkz{ot{ uomn lk|hoetom dkmnom lobom vk`lkcoio|om z{dob debogocmuo [mt{h `kmd{h{mn hkneotom `{|ed tk|zkl{t # `oho |{omnom hkcoz bo|{z detoto dkmnom zomnot loeh# ono| tk|jevto z{ot{ cemnh{mnom uomn hamd{zeg ono| vo|o `{|ed dovot lkcoio| dkmnom kgkhteg ?- Vkmotoom |{omn hkcoz

Vodo {`{`muo `adkc oto{ lkmt{h |{omn hkcoz de ZD zo`o# uoet{ vk|zkne Zkloehmuo n{|{ `kmnedkmtehozehom dom `kmdogto| zk`{o lkmdo uomn odo dom`kmk`vothom de |{omn hkcoz Boc-boc uomn vk|c{ devk|botehom odocob zklonoe lk|eh{t9 o Dok|ob voiomnom Bozec ho|uo `{|ed zkloehmuo devoiomn de tk`vot uomn tkcob detkmt{hom n{|{ N{mohom |{omn hkcoz uomn odo dkmnom zkloeh-loehmuo N{|{ dovot `kmk`vkchom ho|uo `{|ed vodo lobom uomn `{dob devk|ackb do|e cemnh{mnom zkheto|

l Hk`{dobom lk|nk|oh  Hk`{dobom lk|nk|oh lone n{|{ dom `{|ed i{no vk|c{ devehe|hom N{|{ dom `{|ed dovot ckc{ozo lk|nk|oh do|e hkca`vah uomn zot{ hk hkca`vah uomn coem# do|e `{|ed hk `{|ed# do|e dom hk tk`vot z{`lk| lkcoio| tomvo `kme`l{chom nomnn{om uomn lk|o|te

j Zemo| oto{ jobouo Vkmnot{|om tk`vot d{d{h `{|ed bo|{z devk|boteohom# vomdomnom `{|ed iomnom `kmomtomn `otobo|e Zemo| oto{ jobouo ohom ckleb loeh  dotomn do|e zo`vemn `{|ed-`{|ed Dom ieho dehoethom dkmnom zoot lkcoio| `{|ed# uoet{ zoot `km{cez oto{ `k`lojo hkmo louomnom `oho zemo| do|e zklkcob he|e zomnot loeh

d Vomoz dom wkmtecoze @{|ed iomnom d{d{h de tk`vot uomn comnz{mn hkmo zemo| `otobo|e Wkmtecoze doco` |{omn hkcoz j{h{v loeh Leco odo tk`vot uomn h{|omn hkmo vomoz dom ck`lol# dez{d{t `ezocmuo lk|ecob vk|boteom hb{z{z uoet{ dkmnom `kmu{|{b `{|ed `k`lk|zebhom oto{ iomnom `kmo|{b lo|omn ovov{m de z{d{t et{

k Vovom t{cez ?%

Vkmnn{moom Vkmnn{moom d{o vovom t{cez doco` VH\ ohom ckleb loeh

<%

Vovom t{cez uomn lezo devemdob-vemdob {mt{h hk|io hkca`vah ohom zomnot lk|n{mo

:%

Vovom t{cez devozomn vodo hktemnneom uomn dovot deiomnho{ `{|ed

4%

Iomnom cktohhom vovom t{cez uomn `km{t{v ikmdkco oto{ de tk`vot uomn leozomuo `{|ed `kmiode zeco{

g Lomnh{ dom h{|ze Iomnom `kmnn{mohom lomnh{ dom h{|ze uomn `kmiode zot{ Boc eme ohom `kmu{cethom doco` `kmnot{| lomnh{ dom h{|ze zoot hk|io

hkca`vah [h{|om lomnh{ dom h{|ze i{no bo|{z dezkz{oehom dkmnom {h{|om lkzo|muo `{|ed n @kio n{|{ @kio n{|{ decktohhom de tk`vot uomn `k`{mnhemhom n{|{ dovot `k`omdomn zkc{|{b `{|ed zoot n{|{ d{d{h Tktove n{|{ uomn kgkhteg  vozte tedoh ohom d{d{h zkvomiomn ~oht{ deh{|zemuo# ho|kmo eo bo|{z lk|nk|oh {mt{h `k`lomt{ hkneotom `{|edmuo

b Z{d{t ohtewetoz Vehe|hom tk`vot z{d{t ohtewetoz# zkbemnno `{|ed dovot lkhk|io oto{ lkcoio| de z{d{t et{ et { tomvo `kmnnomnn{ `{|ed coemmuo Leco vk|c{ l{otcob vkmukhot do|e lobom uomn zkdk|bomo# `ezocmuo dezkhot dkmnom hou{# lo`l{# do{m mevob!zon{ Jamtab z{d{t ohtewetoz ?%

Z{d{t `k`lojo Z{d{t eme bo|{z tkmomn dom `kmukmomnhom# leco `{mnhem ckmnhovecob dkmnom teho|# h{|ze# dom lomtoc zklonoe ocoz d{d{h @{|ed-`{|ed dotomn hk tk`vot eme {mt{h `kmjo|e tk`vot uomn tkmomn dom hk`{deom `k`lojo ` k`lojo

<%

Z{d{t EVO Zkteov hkcoz zkloehmuo v{muo z{d{t EVO# ho|kmo `{|ed ZD `k`v{muoe |ozo emnem tob{ uomn lkzo| dom heto bo|{z leoz `kmuoc{|hommuo [mt{h `kmneze z{d{t EVO eme n{|{ dom `{|ed zkjo|o lk|zo`o-zo`o vkmn{`v{chom lkmdo-lkmdo uomn `kmo|eh  vk|boteom `{|ed @ezocmuo tomo`om doco` vat-vat hkjec# lataclatac lk|eze lemotomn |kvtec# ehom doco` loh hojo# leie-leieom dom zklonoemuo

:%

Z{d{t bozec ho|uo `{|ed Ieho `k`{mnhemhom z{d{t bozec ho|uo `{|ed lk|{vo bozec zkme dom hk|oiemom tomnom de tk`vothom de z{d{t tk|tkmt{ Z{d{t eme vkmtemn {mt{h `kmnk`lomnhom `kmnk`lomnhom mecoe kztkteho dom douo jevto `{|ed

4%

^o|{mn Z{d{t eme lk|{vo ~o|{mn-~o|{mnom uomn ezemuo hockmn hazamn# latac-latac#lkhoz  ‚  lkhoz l{mnh{z zol{m# adac# dom lkmdo-lkmdo coem Z{d{t eme den{mohom ackb `{|ed {mt{h lk|`oem vk|om zklonoe vkmi{oc dom vk`lkce zkjo|o lk|nece| @k|kho i{no `kmnn{mohom {omn-{omnom {omn-{omnom do|e hk|toz

;%

Z{d{t |{`ob tomnno Z{d{t eme vk|c{ {mt{h `kmnk`lomnhom hk`o`v{om zazeoc# hkv|elodeom dom zehov uomn vazeteg @{|ed-`{|ed dovot lk|`oem vk|om zkacob-acob `k|kho lk|odo de |{`ob oto{ de |{`ob zohet Vk|`oemom zkvk|te eme dovot decoh{hom vodo zoot-zoot tk|tkmt{ zoio# `ezocmuo zoot n{|{ |ovot

7%

N{domn!tk`vot `kmue`vom vk|ocotom Ck`o|e oto{ |oh-|oh dovot de`omgoothom {mt{h hkvk|c{om eme @{|ed-`{|ed dkmnom `{dob dovot `k`omgoothom zkz{oe dkmnom hkvk|c{om

Le`lemncob

`{|ed-`{|ed

zkjo|o

lk|hoco

{mt{h 

`k`lk|zebhom doco`muo dom `kmnot{| lo|omn-lo|omn uomn tk|ze`vom dkmnom |ove

<- Vkmnot{|om dkmob VOVOM T[CEZ

Zklkmo|muo doco` VH\ vkmnot{|om zk`ojo` eme h{|omn zkz{oe Eme dezklolhom ackb boc-boc zklonoe lk|eh{t9 o Tedoh c{~kz ieho n{|{ emnem lk|oceb do|e lkmt{h hkneotom hcozehoc `kmiode hkneotom hkca`vah hkjec l Z{cet {mt{h `kcoh{hom lklk|ovo lkmt{h hkneotom lkcoio| uomn lk|wo|eoze doco` ~oht{ uomn lk|zo`oom j `k`lotoze nk|oh Omdo {mt{h `kcoh{hom z{vk|wezk dom `k`lk|e {`vom loceh zkjo|o emdewed{oc Lomdemnhom dkmnom dkmob |{omn hkcoz lk|eh{t eme e me \

\ L

L

O

O H

H

@ [ K

[ H

IO

H [

[

TEHO\

\

\ L

L

O

O H

H [ H [

@

[ H [

Tk`vot dezh{ze K IO

vovom t{cez

No`lo| tk|zkl{t dezoiehom l{hom lk|o|te Omdo bo|{z `k`eceb zocob zot{# tktove ono| Omdo dovot `k`lomdemnhommuo Dkmnom dk`eheom Omdo ohom `k`v{muoe ~o~ozom uomn c{oz dom dovot `k`{t{zhom dkmob `omo uomn vocemn zkz{oe dkmnom hkvk|c{om hkcoz dom `{|ed Lklk|ovo hk{mt{mnom do|e dkmob vodo no`lo| deotoz {mt{h VH\ omto|o coem odocob9

o Zk`{o z{`lk| lkcoio| odo de |{omnom# n{|{ bo|{z `kmnot{| vkmnn{moommuo zkjo|o lk|nece| Vkmnot{|om eme dkmnom jo|o `k`lone `{|ed doco` lkmt{h hkneotom lkcoio| uomn lk|lkdo l Z{vk|weze `{dob decoh{hom# ho|kmo zk`{o `{|ed dom hkneotom lkcoio| lk|comnz{mn de doco` zot{ |{omn N{|{ dovot `kmkmt{hom lkmt{h  lomt{om oto{ {`vom loceh uomn devk|c{hom ackb zez~o oto{ hkca`vah j Hkneotom lkcoio| ckleb lk|wo|eoze# zkbemnno `k`l{ho vkc{omn {mt{h  `kmnbozechom ehce` hkcoz uomn vazeteg Lk|eh{t vkm{cez zoiehom jamtab-jamtab dkmob {mt{h VH\# omto|o coem

LOBOM

@KIO

\

\OH L[H[

\

O

O H

H L

@

L [

K

[ H

IO

H [

[

T EH O \

IO

K

@

\OH L[H[

Tk`vot

z{`lk|

Dezh{ze

`kmnoio|

   O    I    K    @

\OH

Vovom t{cez

Dkmob ?

Vovom t{cez

vovom t{cez

N[\[

Hkcoz EEE

Hkcoz EW

Dkmob <

N[\[

Dkmob :

N[\[

Hkcoz E

Hkcoz EEE

Hkcoz EE

Hkcoz EW

Dkmob 4

Vovom t{cez

Dkmob ;

Odo lklk|ovo vk|te`lomnom uomn vk|c{ devk|bet{mnhom zklkc{` Omdo `k`{t{zhom dkmob hkcoz `omo uomn ohom Omdo jevtohom# uoet{9

o Lkmt{h Hkneotom Lkcoio| "LHL% ovohob uomn vodo {`{`muo lk|comnz{mn dehkcoz Omdo1 l LHL ovohob uomn emnem Omdo coh{hom zkho|omn1 j Ovohob Omdo ohom `kcomnz{mnhom hkneotom lkcoio| doco` lkmt{h  v|aukh hkca`vah1 d Ovohob ohom odo `{|ed uomn `kmiode t{ta| hohoh oto{ t{ta| zkio~ot1 k Ovohob Omdo ohom `kmnbodove `{|ed zkjo|o emdewed{ oto{ hkca`vah  hkjec oto{ hkd{o-d{omuo1 g Ovohob Omdo `kmnemnemhom ono| `{|ed `o`v{ lkcoio| `omde|e dkmnom zkdehet zoio jo`v{| tomnom do|e Omdo1 Io~olom tk|bodov vk|tomuoom-vk|tomuoom eme dovot `k`lomt{ Omdo de doco` `kmoto hkcoz uomn kgkhteg {mt{h `kmemnhothom ~oht{ hktk|celotom lkcoio| `{|ed Lkmt{h hkneotom lkcoio| dovot dejevtohom zkjo|o ckleb lk|wo|eoze# lk|eh{t eme odocob jamtab lkmt{h wo|eoze tk|zkl{t o Hkneotom tkmomn oto{ hk|io vk|a|omnom!emdewed{oc l @kmnk|iohom zaoc j Hk|io lk|vozomnom d Dezh{ze hkca`vah  k @kmdkmno| oto{ `kmuohzehom o{dea!wez{oc Doco` VH\# lklk|ovo LHL dovot tk|iode doco` ~oht{ uomn lk|zo`oom Uomn vk|c{ Omdo vk|botehom odocob `kmnot{| |{omn hkcoz ono| LHL uomn deemnemhom dovot tk|iode dkmnom vkmno|obom# z{vk|weze# dom jo`v{| tomnom uomn `eme`{` Dom uomn vk|c{ deemnot iomnom zo`voe odo d{o LHL uomn lk|co~omom!hamt|oz#

`ezocmuo

hk|io

vk|a|omnom

vk|c{

hktkmomnom

dedkhothom dkmnom dezh{ze hkca`vah Omdo i{no dovot `kmnn{mohom vk`ezob vomdomn zklonoe vk`lotoz tk`vot hkneotom lkcoio| Vk`lotoz et{ dovot lk|{vo ck`o|e# |oh l{h{# vovom t{cez dom zklonoemuo# zkbemnno dovot `kmn{|omne nomnn{om

:- @kmnot{| voiomnom

[mt{h `kmiodehom |{omn hkcoz uomn `kmo|eh dom `k`l{ot `{|ed lktob

dehkcoz zocob zot{muo odocob `k`ozomn voiomnom Voiomnom dovot lk|lkmt{h no`lo|# n|ogeh# bozec ho|uo `{|ed uomn `kmnomd{mn vkzom hkvkmdedehom

Hkcoz

uomn

tomvo

voiomnom

to`voh

hazamn

dom

`kme`l{chom z{ozomo uomn zk|o` dom `kmukdebhom Tktove hkcoz uomn vkm{b dkmnom voiomnom dkha|oze lkc{` tkmt{ `kmnomd{mn h{ocetoz vkzom vkmdedehom N{|{ uomn z{hzkz odocob n{|{ uomn zkcoc{ lk|{zobo {mt{h  `kmiodehom cemnh{mnom hkcozmuo `kmnnoe|obhom dom `k`l{ot `{|ed tkmomn de doco`muo Zo|om - zo|om uomn dovot Omdo vk|te`lomnhom {mt{h  decohzomohom decohzomohom omto|o coem odocob9 o @omgoothomcob tk`vot uomn odo {mt{h voiomnom l Jevtohom cemnh{mnom hkcoz uomn `kmo|eh# zk`{o `{|ed `k|ozo zkacobacob hkcoz et{ `ecehmuo j Vkhk|ioom `{|ed deo`ote z{mnn{b-z{mnn{b# zkbemnno odo hkzom Omdo `kmnbo|noe {vouo `k|kho d Leco odo tk`om n{|{ uomn ckleb obce doco` `kmoto voiomnom# `emtocob vkt{mi{h k Celothom `{|ed-`{|ed doco` `k`eceb `k`ece b lkmdo-lkmdo uomn ohom devoiomn g Dezh{ze hkcoz {mt{h `kmkmt{hom `omo lkmdo uomn ckleb `kmo|eh {mt{h  devoiomn vk|c{ decoh{hom n Ionocob hkzke`lomnom ho|uo uomn devoiomn omto|o uomn debozechom `{|ed uomn vemto| dom h{|omn vemto|# `{|ed hkcoz |kmdob dom hkcoz temnne b @{|ed ohom `k|ozo lomnno leco `kcebot mo`omuo tk|tk|o vodo ho|uo uomn devoiomnhom e Bemdo|ecob `k`oiomn ho|uo `{|ed doco` ~oht{ uomn tk|coc{ co`o Coh{hom vk|{lobom dom vk|nomteom zkjo|o tk|ot{|  i N{mohom lobom voiomnom do|e lobom cahoc# zkbemnno dovot `kmnbk`ot leouo Omdo dovot `kmnn{mohom vovom zklonoe tk`vot {mt{h `kmk`vkchom voiomnom loeh uomn del{ot ackb `{|ed oto{ ackb n{|{ Vovom voiomnom tk|zkl{t bkmdohmuo lk|g{mnze zklonoe ocot vkmnoio|om uoet{ {mt{h 9 o `k`lk|e emga|`oze

l `k`o`k|hom ho|uo `{|ed j `kmo`vechom zaoc oto{ tkho-tkhe d `kmda|amn `{|ed {mt{h lkhk|io zo`o

Z{l {met < L- Vkmnkcacoom @{|ed ?% Hkca`vah Lkcoio|

Hkca`vah lkcoio| `k|{vohom zocob zot{ ga|{` oto{ tk`vot {mt{h  `kcoh{hom lkcoio| `omde|e# ho|kmo doco` hkca`vah lkcoio| `{|ed dovot lk|coteb dom lkhk|io lk|zo`o# zocemn `k`lomt{ doco` lkcoio| dom zocemn `kmda|amn oto{ `k`lk| zk`omnot doco` lkcoio| Hkca`vah lkcoio| `kmiode zomnot vkmtemn ho|kmo tedoh zkco`omuo dovot lk|zo`o `{|ed`{|ed de zot{ hkcoz N{|{ hodomn-hodomn bo|{z vk|ne hk hkcoz coem {mt{h  `k`lkcoio|hom hkcoz tk|zkl{t Vodo zoot et{cob hkca`vah lkcoio| `kmiode zomnot vkmtemn Hkca`vah lkcoio| odocob zkh{`v{com `{|ed uomn tk|de|e do|e lklk|ovo a|omn ";-7 a|omn% uomn dea|nomezozehom {mt{h `kmjovoe t{i{om lkcoio| zkjo|o lk|zo`o dom doco` ~oht{ uomn tkcob detktovhom "de`adegehoze do|e I Zmudk|# ?527 9
o- Jo|o `k`lkmt{h hkca`vah lkcoio|

Hkca`vah lkcoio| delkmt{h dkmnom `ohz{d {mt{h `k`l{ot `{|ed`{|ed ohteg lkcoio| zkjo|o `omde|e ono| `kmjovoe bozec lkcoio| uomn debo|ovhom Hkca`vah lkcoio| delkmt{h zkz{oe dkmnom hkl{t{bommuo ?%

Hkca`vah lkcoio| lk|dozo|hom vk|zo`oom hk`o`v{om Doco` hkca`vah lkcoio| eme `{|ed-`{|ed dehkca`vahhom lk|dozo|hom temnhot hk`o`v{ommuo Jamtab9 Hkca`vah O tk|de|e do|e `{|ed-`{|ed uomn lk|hk`o`v{om jkvot# hkca`vah L tk|de|e

do|e `{|ed-`{|ed uomn lk|hk`o`v{om zkdomn# dom hkca`vah J tk|de|e do|e `{|ed-`{|ed uomn co`lot Hk{mt{mnom do|e hkca`vah  lkcoio| zkvk|te eme odocob zklonoe lk|eh{t9 o `k`{mnhemhom `{|ed-`{|ed lkhk|io zo`o dkmnom temnhot hk`o`v{om uomn zo`o Uoet{ jkvot# zkdomn dom co`lot l `k`{dobhom n{|{ {mt{h `k`lk|ehom `otk|e dom t{noz-t{noz zkz{oe dkmnom hkl{t{bom dom temnhot hk`o`v{om `{|ed tk|zkl{t Zkteov `{|ed doco` hkca`vah tk|zkl{t delk|ehom `otk|e dom t{noz-t{noz uomn zo`o# tktove {mt{h zkteov hkca`vahmuo dovot delk|ehom

t{noz

uomn

lk|lkdo

zkz{oe

dkmnom

temnhot

hk`o`v{ommuo Hk{mt{mnom do|e vkmnkca`vahom lkcoio| zkvk|te eme odocob lone `{|ed do|e hkca`vah jkvot# `k|kho tedoh tk|bo`lot ackb `{|ed uomn co`lot Zkdomnhom lone `{|ed do|e hkca`vah  co`lot tedoh ohom `k|ozo tk|zk|kt ackb `{|ed `{|e d uomn ckleb jkvot <%

Hkca`vah lk|dozo|hom hk`o`v{om uomn lk|lkdo Doco` hkca`vah lkcoio| zkvk|te eme# `{|ed-`{|ed tk|de|e do|e omoh uomn hk`o`v{ommuo lk|lkdo zot{ zo`o coem Hkca`vah  zkvk|te eme jajah {mt{h hkneotom lk|zo`o `ezocmuo vkmno`otom# h{mi{mnom ~ezoto# acob |ono# hkzkmeom dom zklonoemuo# de`omo n{|{ dom t{ta| lkhk|io lk|zo`o-zo`o dkmnom `{|ed-`{|ed {mt{h  `k`lk|ehom

vkmno|obom

dom

`k`lomt{

leco

devk|c{hom

Hk{mt{mnom do|e hkca`vah zkvk|te eme odocob# lone `{|ed uomn hk`o`v{ommuo h{|omn dovot `kcohzomohom t{noz lk|zo`o De zo`vemn et{ `{|ed uomn vomdoe dovot `k`le`lemn `{|ed uomn h{|omn dom `k|kho eme ohom ckleb lk|hk`lomn Hkca`vah zkvk|te eme jajah decoh{hom doco` zot{ hkcoz oto{ nol{mnom do|e hkcoz `ezocmuo tk|de|e do|e hkcoz WE zoio oto{ do|e hkcoz WE dom hkcoz W :%

Vkmnkca`vahom Vkmnkca`vahom Zazeoc Ikmez hkca`vah eme dedozo|hom vodo hkjajahom omto|o `{|ed`{|ed

Hkca`vah

eme

`kmjk|`emhom

hkbo|`amezom

doco`

cemnh{mnom lkcoio| Hkca`vah zkvk|te eme lk|`omgoot {mt{h 

`kmemnhothom hkuohemom vodo de|e `{|ed uomn ck`ob @k|kho tedoh ohom |on{ oto{ zknom {mt{h `kmnkc{o|hom vkmdovotmuo# ho|kmo tk`om zkhkca`vahmuo odocob tk`om oh|olmuo Hkca`vah  zkvk|te eme delkmt{h lk|dozo|hom vecebom dom hkz{hoom `{|ed `{|ed {mt{h `k`eceb tk`om hkca`vahmuo Vkmnkca`vahom eme jajah  {mt{h hkca`vah doco` hkcoz# `o{v{m hkca`vah doco` hkcoz nol{mnom @ezocmuo doco` `oto vkcoio|om VHH# acob |ono# dom hkzkmeom Jamtab Voh O|e `kmnoio| `k|omnhov hkcoz EEE dom d om hkcoz EW @oto vkcoio|om uomn deoio|hom Voh O|e loeh de hkcoz EEE `o{v{m de hkcoz EW zo`o uoet{ EVZ dkmnom   vahah `otk|e –Vk`k|emtobom Dkzo‐- @{|ed do|e do|e hkd{o hkcoz tk|zkl{t denol{mn `kmiode zot{# hk`{deom delkmt{h  `kmiode lklk|ovo hkca`vah uomn zkteov hkca`vahmuo tk|de|e do|e jo`v{|om `{|ed hkcoz EEE dom hkcoz EW Hkca`vah eme delkmt{h otoz vecebom `{|ed zkmde|e lk|dozo|hom hkzkmomnommuo hkzkmomnommuo Zkteov hkca`vah  deve`vem ackb zka|omn `{|ed t{ta| 4%

Vkmnkca`vahom Vkmnkca`vahom zez~o otoz dozo| |a`lamnom lkcoio| Dkmnom jo|o eme hkcoz E# EE# EEE# EW# W dom WE `ozemn-`ozemn devk|coh{hom

zklonoe

z{ot{

hkzot{om

O|temuo

leco

VH\

decohzomohom de zot{ |{omnom `kzocmuo hkcoz EEE# EW# dom W# de doco` |{omnom et{ tk|dovot teno hkca`vah zez~o zkz{oe hkcozmuo Vkmnkca`vahom

et{

lk|zegot

ga|`oc

zkz{oe

dkmnom

ztot{z

od`emezt|oteg zez~o ;%

Vkmnkca`vahom zez~o lk|dozo|hom hkzo`oom {zeo "zo`k onk n|a{v% Vkmnkca`vahom eme lk|tacoh do|e omnnovom dozo| lob~o hkca`vah zez~o uomn {zeomuo zo`o `k`ecehe hk`o`v{om dom hkjkvotom lkcoio| uomn h{|omn ckleb zo`o Zkvk|te dehktob{e lob~o zez~o doco` z{ot{ |a`lamnom lkcoio| oto{ hkcoz de ZD tk|de|e otoz zez~o doco` hkca`vah {zeo tk|tkmt{ `ezocmuo hkcoz E tk|de|e otoz  ‚  2 tob{m zez~o lk|{zeo 7 - > tob{m hkcoz EE lk|eze zez~o lk|{zeo >  ‚ 2

dom zklonoemuo O|temuo z{ot{ |a`lamnom lkcoio| dovot devkjob hk doco` hkca`vah zez~o lk|dozo|hom vk|zo`oom {zeo 7%

Vkmnkca`vahom Vkmnkca`vahom zez~o zkz{oe hkl{t{bom vk`lkcoio|om Jo|o eme den{mohom {mt{h `kmd{h{mn vkmjovoeom t{i{om do|e vk`lkcoio|om z{ot{ taveh dkmnom `adkc vk`lkcoio|om tk|tkmt{ @ezocmuo

vodo

hkneotom

khzh{|ze!ho|uo~ezoto

zez~o

dovot

dehkca`vahom zkz{oe dkmnom hkl{t{bom vodo zoot hkneotom et{ @ezocmuo

odo

uomn

lk|t{noz

`kmno`ote

dom

`kmjotot#

`k~o~omjo|oe `k~o~omjo|oe dom `kmjotot# `kmno`lec gata# dom coem-coem

l- @k|kmjomohom Hkneotom Hkca`vah Lkcoio|

@k|kmjomohom

hkneotom

doco`

hkca`vah

`k|{vohom

z{ot{

hkbo|{zom# ono| hkca`vah tk|zkl{t emnem lk|bozec Zocob zot{ hk{mt{mnom do|e vk|kmjomoom eme odocob dovot `kmkmt{hom ~oht{ uomn tkvot# dom `k`v|an|o`hom hkneotom uomn `omtov Lonoe`omo zo{do|o `obozez~o# ovohob Omdo z{dob zeov {mt{h `k`l{ot vk|kmjomoom hkneotom hkca`vah lkcoio|1 Lon{z/ Odo ce`o ozvkh doco` vk|kmjomoom hkneotom hkca`vah lkhk|io uomn bo|{z Omdo vk|botehom "Jabkm# ?527% ?% @kmkmt{hom lonoe`omo jo|o `{|ed lkhk|io lk|zo`o-zo`o Ovohob `{|ed ohom lkhk|io vodo v{zot z{`lk| lkcoio|1 Ovohob ohom lkhk|io vodo hkca`vah lkcoio|1 Ovohob `{|ed-`{|ed ohom tk|celot doco` cotebom# v|ohteh#vkmno`otom hkca`vah oto{ dezh{ze hkca`vah1 Lk|dozo|hom vk|kmjomoom eme n{|{ dovot `kmktovhom bozec lkcoio| uomn emnem dejovoe <% @kmkmt{hom

v|an|o`

t|oememn

"cotebom%

lone

vkmnk`lomnom

hktk|o`vecom lkhk|io zo`o Lonoe`omo `{|ed lkcoio| hktk|o`vecom lkhk|io zo`o# ovohob n{|{ ohom `kmjalo `k`vk|zeovhom `k|kho ckleb dob{c{ dkmnom emzt|{hze-emzt|{hze comnz{mn oto{ `k`lkmt{h  `adkc dom jamtab tk|ckleb dob{c{1 :% @k`lk|ehom t{noz uomn dovot debozechom ackb hkca`vah T{noz uomn Omdo veceb tk|nomt{mn vodo ovo uomn Omdo emnemhom do|e `{|ed {mt{h devkcoio|e Odo lklk|ovo vomd{om uomn dovot `kmemnhothom

hklk|bozecom vk`lk|eom t{noz eme Veceb t{noz uomn `k`{mnhemhom lone Omdo o @k`v{muoe ckleb do|e zot{ io~olom!jo|o {mt{h `k`kjobhom `ozocob l T{noz tk|zkl{t `kmo|eh dom `kmomtomn {mt{h dehk|iohom lk|zo`o j @k`{mnhemhom `{|ed uomn lk|lkdo `k`lk|ehom vkmdovot uomn lk|lkdo v{co d @k`{mnhemhom @k`{mnhemhom `kmnn{mohom `kmnn{mohom `{cte`kdeo k @k`k|c{hom

vkmnn{moom

vkmno`otom#

vk`lobozom

dom

hktk|o`vecom `ata|eh g @k`k|c{hom lk|omkho|ono` hktk|o`vecom n @k`k|c{hom hkneotom `kmno`ote# `kmjalohom dom `kcova|hom

T{noz uomn delk|ehom tedoh ohom lk|iocom dkmnom loeh ovoleco9 o Tedoh `kmomtomn# dom vk|c{ zot{ jo|o!io~olom zoio l Dovot dezkckzoehom dkmnom jkvot ackb zka|omn `{|ed dom l{hom ackb hkca`vah j T{noz uomn delk|ehom tk|coc{ `{dob d Bomuo `k`k|c{hom emnotom uomn zkdk|bomo oto{ jo|o lkcoio| uomn leozo "Jabkm# ?5279 b;>-;2% 4% @kcktohhom dozo|-dozo| hk|io zkjo|o tkcete9 o Lonoe`omo ha`vazeze!vkmnot{|om ha`vazeze!vkmnot{|om hkca`vah lkio|om1 l Lonoe`omo `kmoto |{omn hkcoz 1 j Lonoe`omo dom hovom Omdo `km{nozhom `{|ed hk hkca`vah1 ;% @k`{t{zhom lonoe`omo lkcoio| lk|zo`o ohom dekwoc{oze o Ohom

odohob

vk|tk`{om

zkz{dob

lkcoio|

lk|zo`o

{mt{h 

`kmnkwoc{oze1 l Ovohob decoh{hom vkmno`otom zkco`o lkcoio| lk|zo`o# dom ovohob {`vom loceh1 j Ovohob `{|ed ohom de~o~omjo|oe1 Hklk|bozecom do|e lkcoio| lk|zo`o eme tk|cktoh vodo –hkikcozom‐# `{|ed bo|{z `k`obo`e ovo uomn bo|{z `k|kho hk|iohom# dom hovom

`{|ed dovot nece|om {mt{h `k`vk|ackb lomt{om ovoleco odo `ozocob Hkikcozom dovot devk|ackb `kcoc{e vk|kmjomoom uomn `omtov dom `kcoteb vk|om dom jo|o hk|io zo`o ckleb c kleb d{c{

j- Jo|o `kmemnhothom hktk|o`vecom lkcoio| hkca`vah

Zkvk|te bocmuo hktk|o`vecom coemmuo# hktk|o`vecom hk|io hkca`vah  dovot deoio|hom dkmnom `kmnn{mohom zt|otkne vk`lkcoio|om# `ezocmuo `k`lkmt{h `adkc oto{ jamtab# emzt|{hze comnz{mn# lk|`oem vk|om# ze`{coze# vkmno`otom# {`vom locehdom vk`omtovom @a||ez"Jabkm# ?527% `k`lk|ehom ec{zt|oze tkmtomn ikmez hktk|o`vecom uomn devk|c{hom zklonoe vomd{om ono| zk`{o `{|ed ohteg lk|vo|tezevozeAckb ho|kmo et{# `{|ed bo|{z delk|ehom vkmikcozom zklonoe lk|eh{t9 ?%

Zkteov `{|ed debo|{zhom `kmnk`{hohom `kmnk`{hohom nonozom

<%

Zkteov `{|ed delk|ehom hkzk`votom h kzk`votom {mt{h lk|lejo|o

:%

@{|ed `k`vk|vk|botehom dom dovot `kmomnhov nonozom oto{ vkmdovot a|omn coem

4%

@kmomuohom vodo `{|et coemmuo ovohob `k`v{muoe nonozom

;%

Lk|ehom ocozom {mt{h zkteov nonozom # dom dezh{zehom leco odo nonozom uomn lk|lkdo

7%

@kmda|amn `{|ed ‚  `{|ed ‚ `{|et `{|et {mt{h lk|tomuo

d- @k`ohze`ochom vk`omgootom z{`lk| lkcoio|

Zkhacob dom n{|{ dovot lk|b{l{mnom dkmnom cemnh{mnommuo# dom z{`lk|lkcoio| uomn coem uomn dovot den{mohom ackb `{|ed-`{|ed zklonoe z{`lk| lkcoio| N{|{ dovot `kmn{mnhov# `kmnnoce dom `k`omgoothom hkhouoom oco` uomn zk|lo `kce`vob {mt{h `km{miomn vkmdedehom Uomn `kmiode vk|zaocom zkho|omn odocob lonoe`omo Omdo dovot `kmnn{mohom z{`lk| lkcoio| dkmnom zkloeh-loehmuo Ono| n{|{ dovot `k`omgoothom z{`lk| lkcoio|# zocob zot{muo odocob dkmnom jo|o `kmnohteghom `{|ed {mt{h lkhk|io Ck`lo| Hk|io @{|ed "CH@% `k|{vohom zo|omo {mt{h `kmnohteghom `{|ed-`{|ed {mt{h lkcoio| zkjo|o `omde|e oto{ hkca`vah

Tkmt{muo Omdo z{dob zk|emn `k`lk|e t{noz hkvodo `{|ed# mo`{m zkloneom lkzo| t{noz uomn Omdo lk|ehom odocob {mt{h `kmnk|iohom zaoc

Zkho|omn

`o|e

heto

jalo

`k`lk|e

vkm{nozom

dkmnom

`k`omgoothom CHZ Cemnh{mnom lkcoio| zkh{|omn-h{|omnmuo `kmjoh{v d{o hkca`vah# uohme 9 ?%

V|ozo|omo dom zo|omo lkcoio| zkvk|te |{omnom# tk`vot d{d{h 

"`kio-h{|ze oto{ lomnh{% dom vovom t{cez <%

Z{`lk| lkcoio| uomn `kmjoh{v zknoco zkz{ot{ zkvk|te `om{zeo#

lkmdo# oco` zkheto|# `ozuo|ohot# hkv{ztohoom# dom bozec hkl{douoom hkl{douoom uomn lk|vatkmze `k`lk|e emga|`oze hkvodo zez~o doco` lkcoio| Leco de|emje# z{`lk| lkcoio| `kcev{te boc-boc zklonoe lk|eh{t 9 ?%

Cemnh{mnom zazeoc zazeoc oto{ `om{zeo omt|o coem n{|{# zez~o coem# a|omn t{o# dom omnnato `ozuo|ohot

<%

Cemnh{mnom bed{v zkvk|te gca|o# go{mo

:%

Cemnh{mnom oco` zkvk|te tomob# oe|# {do|o# o~om# b{iom

4%

Cemnh{mnom l{douo zkvk|te vk|ocotom# v|omoto zazeoc# vkmnktob{om# dom tkhmacane

;%

Cemnh{mnom |kcene{z zkvk|te hetol z{je dom ojo|o hkono`oom

k- Ck`lo| Hk|io @{|ed

CH@ `k|{vohom vomd{om {mt{h `kcoh{hom zkz{ot{ hkneotom uomn lk|hoetom dkmnom `oto vkcoio|om uomn delk|ehom# `ezocmuo `kcoh{hom vkmno`otom #vk|jaloom# dk`amzt|oze dom ze`{coze CH@ eme lk|eze t{mt{mom comnhob-comnhobdoco` `kcoh{hom vkmno`otom# vk|jaloom# dk`amzt|oze oto{ ze`{coze Hkneotom uomn det{mt{t odocob `{coe vk|zeovom# v|azkz vkcohzomoom# bozec dom jo|o `kmnkwoc{ozemuo Hkneotom lkcoio| dkmnom `kmnn{mohom CH@# zomnot `kmnohteghom `{|ed-`{|ed {mt{h lkcoio| Hkca`vah lkcoio| zomnot lk|vk|om zkhoce {mt{h hkneotom zkvk|te eme# `ezocmuo vkmno`otom zkvk|te deotoz lezo

decoh{hom zkjo|o lk|zo`o-zo`o# odo uomn lk|vk|om zklonoe vkmno`ot# vkmjotot# `kmnot{| ocot dom lobom# dom zklonoemuo Lk|eh{t eme jamtab vkmnn{moom CH@9 ?%

Vk|jaloom vk|hk`lomnom leie hojomn"EVO%

<%

Vkmno`otom tkmtomn je||e-je|e lemotomn zk|omnno"EVO%

:%

Vkmn{h{|om lk|lonoe lk|lonoe cemnho|om oto{ zkne k`vot {mt{h  `k`l{htehom |{`{z "`otk`oteho%

4%

Ze`{coze tkmtomn `{zuo~o|ob dom `{gohot "V@V# EVZ%

;%

Vkmno`otom tkmtomn hktk|ot{|om lk|coc{ cemtoz"V@V%

7%

@kmno`ote jo|o `{|ed doco` `k`ot{be toto tk|tel tk|te l zkhacob# doco` lk|lo|ez# `k`l{omn zo`vob# dom zklonoemuo"EVZ% zklonoemuo"EVZ%

>%

@kmno`ote jo|o `kmnn{mohom lobozo Emdamkze de zkhacob "lobozo% CH@ `k`v{muoe vk|om {mt{h `kmnohteghom `{|ed doco` lkcoio|#

de zeme t{ta| dovot `kmno`lec vk|om ckleb lomuoh zklonoe a|omn uomn `k`lomt{ `{|ed lkcoio| CH@ i{no dovot lk|vk|om {mt{h `k`l{ot zez~o lkcoio| `omde|e# zkbemnno n{|{ VH\ tedoh `k`vk|ackb hkz{cetom cone doco` `k`lkcoio|hom `{|ed de d{o hkcoz oto{ ckleb# ho|kmo `{|ed dovot lkcoio| zkjo|o `omde|e

g- @k`omgoothom V{zot Z{`lk| Lkcoio|

V{zot Z{`lk| Lkcoio| "VZL% odocob jo|o uomn loeh {mt{h  `k`omtovhom dom `k`vk|houo lkcoio| `{|ed-`{|ed Vodo vaco hkca`vah lkcoio|# de`omo vk|om n{|{ zklonoe vkmnot{| dom vkmno~oz lkcoio| tk|ozo `ozeb da`emom# tktove doco` `k`omgoothom VZL vk|om n{|{ tedoh zklkzo| vodo hkca`vah lkcoio| Ackb ho|kmomuo vkmueovom hkneotom dom lobom `k`k|c{hom vk|kmjomoom dom vkmna|nomezozeom zkjo|o ckleb loeh Jamtab `k`omgoothom VZL# odocob zklonoe lk|eh{t9 ?%

@kmnk`lomnhom @kmnk`lomnhom hktk|o`vecom oto{ hamzkv o Hkjk|`otom 9 `kmnn{mtemn# `k|khot# `kmno`ote# `k`l{ot deon|o`# dzl

l Vkmk|ovom hamzkv9 `k`oz{hhom# `kmn{|{thom# `k`ozomn# `kmdogto|# dzl <%

@kmk`vothom zk`{o ck`lo| hk|io# vk|`oemom# deon|o`# bozec v|ohteh{` dom zklonoemuo de tk`vot de`omo `{|ed coem dovot lkcoio| zkjo|o `omde|e

:%

@kmnk`lomnhom lklk|ovo lkmt{h vkmue`vomom# zkbemnno n{|{ dom `{|ed dovot lkcoio| de VZL

n- T{ta| zklonoe a|nomezota| hkcoz-

Doco` VH\ odomuo t{ta| zomnot devk|c{hom T{ta| odocob a|omn uomn deveceb do|e `{|ed oto{ a|omn coem uomn `k`v{muoe hk`o`v{om ckleb {mt{h `k`lomt{ `{|ed coem doco` lkcoio| Ovoleco t{ta| deveceb do|e `{|ed# tkmt{ zoio `{|ed uomn ckleb vomdoe do|e `{|ed coem# `kzhev{m lknet{ l{hom lk|o|te bo|{z `{|ed uomn vocemn vomdoe @{|ed uomn vomdoe# leozomuo ckleb jkvot doco` `kmukckzoehom t{noz-t{noz Ovoleco `{|ed tk|zkl{t tedoh delk|ehom t{noz coem eo ohom `kmnnomnn{ z{ozomo hkcoz# oto{ `kmnnomnn{ tk`om-tk`ommuo uomn lkcoio| Zkdomnhom `{|ed uomn co`lom ohom vomeh ho|kmo `kcebot `{|ed coem z{dob zkckzoe t{nozmuo# lobhom n{|{ `kmu{|{bmuo v{comn dom `k|kho ohom `kmnk|iohom t{noz dkmnom tk|nkzo-nkzo Ackb ho|kmo et{ omoh uomn co`lom dovot delomt{# zkdomnhom omoh  uomn vomdoe lezo ckleb lk|hk`lomn# `oho omoh uomn vomdoe dovot de`omgoothom `k`lomt{ tk`ommuo uomn co`lom# `ezocmuo `k`lk|e vkt{mi{h# lonoe`omo bozec uomn lkmo|# `kmdezh{zehom hkz{cetom dom zklonoemuo Vk|om zkvk|te eme odocob vk|om t{ta| T{ta| tk|de|e do|e lklk|ovo ikmez# uoet{ t{ta| zklouo# t{ta| hohoh# t{ta| to`{ do|e `ozuo|ohot# dom vkmiono zkhacob Lk|eh{t eme odocob lonoe`omo jo|o `k|kmjomohom

vk`omgootom

t{ta|

Zklkc{`

v|an|o`

t{ta|eoc

decohzomohom# odo ce`o boc uomn vk|c{ Omdo vk|botehom doco` vk|kmjomoom Omdo

?%

@kmktovhom t{i{om uomn emnem dejovoe T{ta|eoc `k`v{muoe vkmno|{b uomnvazeteg tk|bodov lk|lonoe ozvkh  lkcoio| vodo ~oht{ uomn lk|zo`oom Mo`{m zk`{o et{ tk|nomt{mn vodo t{i{om uomn emnem dejovoe

<%

@kmktovhom zeovo uomn ohom eh{t doco` t{ta|eoc @k`eceb dom `k`ozomn t{ta| dkmnom `{|ed uomn ohom det{ta|e `k|{vohom comnhob uomn zomnot vkmtemn Lonoe`omo `k`eceb `{|ed uomn eh{t t{ta|eoc# temnhot hk`o`v{om `{|ed# hk`o`v{om ovo uomn vk|c{ de`ecehe# lonoe`omo ho|ohtk|ezteh`{|ed dom zklonoemuo

:%

@kmktovhom tk`vot de`omo t{ta|eoc decohzomohom decohzomohom Doco`

`kmna|nomezoze

hkcoz

{mt{h

t{ta|eoc#

Omdo

vk|c{

`k`vk|te`lomnhom ovohob tedoh odo hkneotom coem zkco`o t{ta|eoc lk|comnz{mn Ovoleco Omdo `k`eceb t{ta|eoc doco` lkmt{h  lk|vozomnom zkco`o vkcoio|om `k`lojo# `oho zkc{|{b |{omnom ohom `kmiode |{omn t{ta|eoc Dom leco Omdo emnem lklk|ovo `{|ed uomn

co`lom

zoio

uomn

delk|ehom

lomt{om#

`oho

vk|c{

`k`vk|zeovhom tk`vot hb{z{z {mt{h t{ta|eoc Eme dovot decoh{hom loeh de doco` hkcoz `o{v{m de c{o| hkcoz# tk|nomt{mn vodo zet{oze zoot et{ Ovov{m |kmjomo Omdo bo|{z `k`v{muoe nonozom tkmtomn zet{oze t{ta|eoc uomn dehkbkmdohe# dkmnom dk`eheom tk`vot t{ta|eoc dovot detkmt{hom dkmnom tkvot 4%

Vkmiod~ocom t{ta|eoc

;%

@kmkmt{hom `otk|e `omo uomn delk|ehom doco` t{ta|eoc Zkz{oe dkmnom h{|eh{c{`# ovov{m `otk|emuo uomn ohom delk|ehom doco` t{ta|eoc vk|c{ ded{h{mn ackb vkmnktob{om Omdo tkmtomn hkl{t{bom `{|ed

b- @k`eceb dom `k`vk|zeovhom t{ta|

?%

T{ta| zklouo T{ta| zklouo odocob zka|omn `{|ed `k`lomt{lkcoio| `{|ed coemmuo doco` temnhot hkcoz uomn zo`o

<%

T{ta| hohoh  T{ta| hohoh odocob t{ta| uomn deveceb do|e hkcoz uomn ckleb temnne# tkmt{ zoio t{ta| hohoh eme hk`o`v{ommuo bo|{z de otoz hk`o`v{om |oto-|oto# ho|kmo eo lk|vk|om {mt{h `k`lomt{ odeh-odeh hkcozmuo doco` lkcoio| T{ta| hohoh zkloehmuo deo`lec do|e hkcoz-hkcoz temnne `ezocmuo hkcoz EW# W dom hkcoz WE Zklonoe`omo vodo t{ta| zklouo# vodo t{ta| hohohv{m n{|{ z{dob vozte `kmnktob{e `{|ed uomn vemto| dom uomn co`lom# zkbemnno n{|{ dovot `kmktovhom `{|ed `omo uomn ohom detktovhom zklonoe t{ta| Zot{ boc uomn vk|c{ dezodo|e lkt{c ackb n{|{ lob~o t{ta| odocob l{hom {mt{h  `kmnnomtehom n{|{# tktove bomuo {mt{h `k`vk|vomiomn tomnom n{|{ dom `k`lo~o `{|ed coem doco` lkcoio| Jo|o `kmnn{mohom t{ta| hohoh Vkmnn{moom t{ta| hohoh dovot decoh{hom dkmnom < jo|o uoet{9 o Jo|o ?# vk`omgootom t{ta| hohoh vodo hkcoz uomn de|omnhov ackb n{|{# `ezocmuohkcoz EEE dom hkcoz EW T{ta| uomn deveceb do|e hkcoz EW {mt{h `k`lomt{ dehkcoz EEE l Jo|o <# vk`omgootom t{ta| hohoh vodo hkcoz uomn de|omnhov ackb < n{|{ @ezocmuo Voh Ode `k|omnhov hkcoz EEE dom EW# zkdomnhom l{ zete `k|omnhov hkcoz E dom W Voh Ode `kmnn{mohom t{ta| do|e hkcoz W L{ Zete {mt{h `k`lomt{ `{|ed dehkcoz EW Tkmt{muo {mt{h jo|o uomn hk-< eme bo|{z odomuo hk|iozo`o omto|o Voh Ode dkmnom L{ zete Hk|iozo`o tk|zkl{t `ezocmuo ovohob de hkcoz W omoh  ‚  omoh  ‚  omoh  uomn vemto| tedoh zkdomn den{mohom zklonoe t{ta| zklouo de hkcozmuo# zkcoem et{ vk|c{ vkmukz{oeom iod~oc omto|o hkcoz L{ zete dkmnom Voh Ode

:%

T{ta| do|e `ozuo|ohot T{ta| uomn lk|ozoc do|e `ozuo|ohot lk|vk|om {mt{h `k`lomt{ n{|{ doco` `kmomnome hkneotom vk`lkcoio|om de zkhacob Vk|om t{ta| do|e `ozuo|ohot eme lo|{ dovot decohzomohom ovoleco hkodoom tk|vohzo # `ezocmuo omdo bo|{z`k|omnhov : hkcoz oto{ ckleb

zohocen{z Tedoh odo h|etk|eo hb{z{z {mt{h eme# uomn vkmtemn t{ta| eme `k`v{muoe vkmnktob{om dom hkt|o`vecom uomn ckleb do|e `{|edmuo et{ zkmde|e @k|kho lk|eioyob vocemn |kmdob Z@V# `k`v{muoe dkdehoze uomn temnne dom dovot lk|no{c dkmnom `{|ed ZD T{ta| do|e `ozuo|ohot eme dovot de `omgoothom ackb n{|{ {mt{h  `k`lomt{ hkneotom lkcoio| `{|ed# `ezocmuo `k`k|ehzo vkhk|ioom `{|ed# `k`lomt{ `kmjo|e emga|`oze do|e vkto# `k`le`lemn hkneotom de VZL# oto{ `k`lemo `{|ed vodo zoot h{mi{nom hkalikh  ~ezoto T{ta| do|e `ozuo|ohot eme l{hom n{|{# zkbemnno hkneotommuo hkneotommuo  i{no tk|lotoz {mt{h `{|ed doco` `kmnk|iohom lk|lonoe t{noz 4%

Vkmiono zkhacob zklonoe t{ta| Doco` hkodoom tk|tkmt{ vkmiono zkhacob dovot de`omgoothom de `omgoothom {mt{h  `k`lomt{ n{|{ doco` `k`lk|ehom lomt{om lkcoio| hkvodo `{|ed`{|ed Hkodoom zkvk|te eme dovot tk|iode de`omo-`omo# tk|{to`o de ZD uomn n{|{muo h{|omn Lk|dozo|hom ot{|om zklkt{cmuo zka|omn vkmiono zkhacob tedoh couoh `kmnoio| `kmnnomtehom n{|{ uomn tedoh bode| `kmnoio|Lklk|ovo boc uomn vk|c{ devk|botehom ieho vkmiono zkhacob de`omgoothom zkmonoe t{ta| N{|{ bo|{z dovot `kmnomocezez o @k`eceb `otk|e uomn |emnom-|emnom zoio l @otk|e uomn zegotmuo `kmn{comn vkcoio|om j @k`lojohom `otk|e lojoom {mt{h `{|ed uomn lkc{` comjk| `k`lojo d @k`lomt{ n{|{ `kmno~oze `{|ed hkteho `kmnk|iohom t{noz k @k`lomt{ `{|ed uomn lkc{` `o`v{ doco` `kmnk|iohom t{noz g

@kmno~oze @kmno~oze hkteho zkdomn {comnom bo|eom

n @k`le`lemn hkneotom khzt|o h{|eh{ck|

e- Hk{mt{mnom den{mohom t{ta|

Vkmnn{moom t{ta| dovot `kmn{mt{mnhom lklk|ovo veboh# loeh lone `{|ed uomn deiodehom t{ta|# `o{v{m lone `{|ed uomn ck`ob# dom

lobhom t{noz Omdo zklonoe n{|{ `kmiode ckleb |emnom Hk{mt{mnom tk|zkl{t omto|o coem zklonoe lk|eh{t9 ?%

@k`{v{h |ozo hk|iozo`o dom zocemn `k`lomt{

<%

@kmemnhothom hk`o`v{om hk`o`v{om loeh lone t{ta| `o{v{m uomn det{ta|e

:%

@k`lkmt{h |ozo lomnno vodo vodo de|e omoh!a|omn uomn `kmiode t{ta|

4%

@kmiode tkcodom lone `{|ed dom `ozuo|ohot coemmuo

;%

Lone `{|ed uomn det{ta|e ohom ckleb `{dob ho|kmo t{ta| ohom `kmikcozhom dkmnom lobozo uomn `{dob devobo`e

7%

@km{co|hom hk`o`v{om uomn de`ecehe t{ta| uomn zkco`o eme bomuo den{mohom {mt{h de|emuo zkmde|e

>%

@{|ed-`{|ed uomn co`lot dovot dele`lemn zkjo|o emdewed{oc

2%

H{|omnmuo z{`lk| lkcoio| de zkhacob dovot tk|otoze dkmnom odomuo t{ta| do|e `ozuo|ohot

Z{l [met : J- Dezevcem Hkcoz Dezevcem hkcoz uomn de`ohz{d dezeme odocob n{|{ `kmjevtohom ot{|om dom hkneotom ono| `{|ed tk|ehot ackb hkneotom lkcoio| zkbemnno `k|kho tedoh  zk`vot cone `kcoh{hom hkneotom-hkneotom uomn `kmnnomnn{ hktk|telom dom dezevcem hkcoz Ot{|om dom hkneotom tk|zkl{t demo`ohom –Ot{|om Hkneotom Hkcoz‐ "O\H% dom –Hkneotom Zeov‐ "HZ%- [mt{h ikcozmuo `o|ecob eh{te {|oeom `otk|e lk|eh{t eme ?- Ot{|om \{tem Hkcoz "O\H%

Ot{|om \{tem Hkcoz "O\H% odocob ot{|om-ot{|om dom v|azkd{| uomn de|{`{zhom ackb n{|{ zk|to de`kmnk|te ackb `{|ed# {mt{h `kmnot{| hkneotom dom vk|ecoh{ zkbo|e-bo|e"Eom Jaccemn~aad# b >5%# tk|{to`o doco` hkneotom lkcoio| Iode `k`ecehe ot{|om uomn ikcoz dom lonoe`omo jo|o {mt{h  `kcoh{hommuo# `kcoh{hommuo# `k|{vohom zkz{ot{ uomn vkmtemn lone zka|omn n{|{ VH\ Zklkt{cmuo de hkcoz Omdo z{dob odo O\H# tktove hklomuohom tedoh  lk|hoetom dkmnom hkneotom vkcoio|om @ezocmuo9 lk|lo|ez zklkc{` `oz{h  hkcoz# `kmn{jovhom zoco`# vkmnnece|om vehkt Eme `k|{vohom l{hte lob~o O\H dovot decohzomohom doco` hkcoz VH\ Dkmnom dk`eheom n{|{ VH\ dovot `kmemnhothom hkneotom vk`lkcoio|om de doco` hkcoz @kmjevtohom O\H uomn z{dob lknet{ `kckhot doco` temnhob coh{ `{|ed `k|{vohom o~oc uomn loeh doco` `kcohzomohom VH\ Ono| Omdo dovot `kmemnhothom hkneotom lkcoio| dkmnom O\H# `oho Omdo bo|{z `k`obo`e lkt{c ovo uomn de`ohz{d dkmnom O\H O\H tk|de|e do|e d{o ikmez# uoet{ O\H {mt{h  `{|ed dom O\H {mt{h n{|{ [mt{h `kmjevtohom O\H eme# Omdo zkloehmuo lk|teteh tacoh do|e iod~oc vkcoio|om dom vk|zeovom vk`lkcoio|om uomn Omdo z{z{m Zkcoem et{# O\H eme dovot devk|zeovhom {mt{h hkneotom loeh vone bo|e zklkc{` hkcoz de`{coe# vodo zoot vk`lkcoio|om zkdomn lk|comnz{mn oto{ vodo zoot zkckzoe hkneotom hkcoz vodo zeomn bo|e Eme zomnot vkmtemn lone Omdo# dom Omdo bo|{z z{dob `k`v{muoe |kmjomo uomn ikcoz {mt{h  hkneotom bo|e et{ zklkc{` `{|ed-`{|ed dotomn de zkhacob

Lonoe`omo Omdo bo|{z `k`vk|zeovhom O\H {mt{h de|e zkmde|e1

Zklonoe n{|{ VH\ Omdo bo|{z `k`v{muoe O\H lone de|e zkmde|e [mt{h eme Omdo vk|c{ `kcebot iod~oc dom vk|zeovom `kmnoio| uomn z{dob devk|zeovhom Lk|dozo|hom boc et{# Omdo bo|{z `k`vk|zeovhom O\H {mt{h hkneotomhkneotom uomn jajah decohzomohom vodo vone bo|e zklkc{` hkcoz de`{coe# vodo zoot hazamn # oto{ {mt{h `kneze hkneotom `kmikcomn zeomn Lk|eh{t eme jamtab O\H lone n{|{ o Vovom t{cez Vovom t{cez bo|{z z{dob delk|zebhom zklkc{` vkcoio|om de`{coe Omdo z{dob `k`l{ot t{noz-t{noz zklkc{` hkcoz de`{coe Hoco{ Omdo `kmnoio| `k|omnhov d{o hkcoz doco` zot{ |{omnom# `oho vovom t{cez delone d{o# dom t{noz {mt{h hkd{o hkcoz tk|zkl{t z{dob tk|zkdeo de vovom t{cez Zkbemnno vodo zoot `{coe `oz{h hkcoz# `k|kho z{dob zeov {mt{h `kmnk|iohom t{noz Hkca`vah O Hkca`vah L Hkca`vah J ?%

Zkmde

<%

Mo|de

T{noz9 @k`lojo l{h{ boc ?6 z!d <6 T{noz9 @kmjo|e hato vkmnbozec k`oz vodo vkto T{noz9 @kmnkmoce no`lo| T{noz9 @k`lonehom l{h{ cotebom l Ocot t{cez @k`k|ehzo vk|zkdeoom hov{| t{cez# vkmnno|ez dom vkmnbov{z zkbemnno vodo zootmuo Omdo tedoh zel{h {mt{h `kmjo|e-jo|e hov{| t{cez j Z{`lk| lobom Zk`{o z{`lk| lobom# ocot vk|ono# dom ocot vkcoio|om z{dob dezeovhom zkbemnno vodo zootmuo Omdo tedoh |kvat `kmjo|emuo

d T{ta| Z{dobhob Omdo `k`vk|zeovhom t{ta| {mt{h `k`lomt{ `{|ed coem uomn `k`k|c{hom lomt{om T{ta| bo|{z z{dob `kmnktob{e t{noz `k|kho hovom zoio devk|c{hom Ackb ho|kmo et{ Omdo zklonoe n{|{ bo|{z z{dob `k`vk|zeovhommuo `k`vk|zeovhommuo dkmnom loeh O\H uomn kgkhteg odocob uomn `k`{mnhemhom `{|ed {mt{h dovot `k`{coe hkneotommuo zkjo|o jkvot dom tk|o|ob @{|ed z{dob `kmnktob{e ovo uomn bo|{z `k|kho coh{hom dom hk|iohom# t{noz Omdo zkcomi{tmuo {mt{h `k`atewoze lkcoio| `{|ed

<- Hkneotom Zeov "HZ%

Hkneotom zeov oto{ ztomd lu ojtewetekz odocob z{ot{ hkneotom uomn z{dob dezeovhom n{|{ io{b zklkc{`muo# dom ovoleco detk`{hom `ozocob `oho HZ dovotden{mohom Vodo {`{`muo HZ eme dezeovhom zkmde|e ackb n{|{# dom tkmt{muo Omdo bo|{z `kc{omnhom ~oht{ hb{z{z {mt{h `{|ed HZ eme bo|{z Omdo ze`vom zkjo|o hb{z{z uomn zk~oht{-~oht{ dovot Omdo n{mohom ovoleco Omdo `kmnbodove hkodoom zkvk|te uomn deno`lo|hom de otoz# `ezocmuo odo `{|ed oto{ hkca`vah `{|ed uomn z{dob `kmukckzoehom t{nozmuo ckleb jkvot do|e uomn Omdo vk|he|oom Zklonoe jamtab HZ# omto|o coem odocob de hkcoz tkcob odo z{`lk| lkcoio|# z{d{t EVO dom zklonoemuo Ovoleco `{|ed ckleb jkvot `kmukckzoehom t{nozmuo# `oho n{|{ dovot `k`lk|ehom t{noz lo|{ dkmnom `k`omgoothom z{` lk| lkcoio|- @ezocmuo9 – Motom# zkckzoehom no`lo| uomn lkc{` zkckzoe hk`o|em/‐# –O`lec ho|t{ b{|{g de ck`o|e# z{z{mcob `kmiode lklk|ovo hoce`ot Tomuo‐# –Ode# o`ote tomo`om de z{d{t zomo# ovohob odo vkmno|{b do|e zemo| `otobo|e/‐ dom zklonoemuoZklonoe`omo tkcob deloboz zklkc{`muo# lob~o VH\ dovot den{mohom loeh zkjo|o hcozehoc# hkca`vah oto{v{m emdewed{oc Tkmt{ zoio `ozemn`ozemn `k`v{muoe hkck`obommuo# mo`{m VH\ dovot `kmnotoze hkck`obom tk|zkl{t Lk|eh{t eme odocob {|oeom tkmtomn lonoe`omo HZ den{mohom doco` vk`lkcoio|om

o Vk`lkcoio|om zkjo|o hcozehoc Vk`lkcoio|om hcozehoc zomnot `{dob {mt{h decohzomohom# ho|kmo zkco`o eme Omdo `kcohzomohom vk`lkcoio|om vk`lkcoio|om zkvk|te eme VVk`lkcoio|om hcozehoc leozomuo zomnot lk|v{zot vodo n{|{# de`omo n{|{ lomuoh  lejo|o# zkdehet Tomuo io~ol dom deohbe|e dkmnom cotebom tk|t{cez Dkmnom vk`lkcoio|om hcozehoc eme `k`l{ot `{|ed doco` vazeze h{|omn ohteg# vk|lkdoom `{|ed uomn vemto| dkmnom uomn co`lot io{b# zkdomnhom vk|coh{om tk|bodov vk|lkdoom eme dezo`ohom Ohelotmuo lone `{|ed uomn `oi{ ohom hkbecomnom zk`omnot# dom `{|ed uomn tk|temnnoc `kmiode zk`ohem lazom Mo`{m dk`eheom# vk`lkcoio|om zkjo|o hcozehoc eme tktov vkmtemn doco` VH\ ho|kmo dovot den{mohom zklonoe h{mje doco` `kcohzomohom VH\ Vk`lkcoio|om hcozehoc doco` VH\ dovot den{mohom omto|o coem doco` boc zkvk|te lk|eh{t9 vkmnoio|om vk|johovom# vkmnoio|om lk|jk|eto# vkcoio|om acob |ono# vkcoio|om hkzkmeom# zt{de cemnh{mnom dom v|kzkmtoze hkcoz Doco`

vk`lkcoio|om

tk|zkl{t#

vk`lkcoio|om

hcozehoc

tktov

lk|`omgoot ho|kmo dezeme devk|c{hom hklk|zo`oom omto|o `{|ed doco` lkhk|io Doco` z{ozomo eme tedoh devk|c{hom vk|zoemnom doco` lkcoio|# mo`{m devk|c{hom t{ho| vkmdovot# dom vkmnoco`om zkbemnno dovot `k`vk|houo vkmnktob{om `k|kho Uomn vkmtemn lone Omdo# n{mohom zkteov ikmez vk`lkcoio|om zkz{oe dkmnom hkl{t{bom dom tavehmuo l Vk`lkcoio|om emdewed{oc Doco` vk`lkcoio|om eme n{|{ lkhk|io dkmnom `{|ed zkjo|o emdewed{oc [mt{h eme Omdo bo|{z z{dob `kmnktob{e `{|ed `omo uomn `k`k|c{hom lomt{om Vkmnk|teom `k`lk|e lomt{om l{hom bomuo lone `{|ed uomn `kmdovot hkz{cetom doco` lkcoio|# tktove lk|coh{ i{no lone `{|ed uomn `oi{# uomn dovot `kmukckzoehom vkhk|ioommuo ckleb jkvot do|e uomn coem @{|ed eme `k`k|c{hom lomt{om# lk|{vo vk|boteom Omdo ovohob delk|e vkhk|ioom coem# oto{ de`emto {mt{h `k`lomt{ tk`ommuo Doco` z{ozomo vk`lkcoio|om zkvk|te eme# vk|zoemnom zomnot lkzo| omto|o zkzo`o `{|ed @kmiode jototom lone Omdo lob~o vodo vk`lkcoio|om emdewed{oc eme Omdo tedoh bo|{z `k`lomt{ zot{ vk| zot{# tktove bomuo

delk|ehom vodo uomn `k`l{t{bhom zoio ono| Omdo tedoh |kvat dom `kmnbolezhom `kmnbolezhom ~oht{ j Vk`lkcoio|om doco` hkca`vah  Lk|eh{t eme odocob jo|o-jo|o vk`lkcoio|om doco` HL ?% Hkca`vah lkcoio| jo`v{|om Hkca`vah eme tk|de|e do|e `{|ed do|e lk|lonoe hk`o`v{om dom hktk|o`vecom Hkca`vah eme ohom lk|bozec lk| bozec vodo –vkmnoio|om v|aukh‐# de`omo n{|{ `kmuk|tohom `{|ed doco` hkneotom uomn lk|hoetom dkmnom lk|lonoe z{lukh @ezocmuo detkmt{hom taveh tkmtomn –hkvkmd{d{hom‐- Taveh ee dovot detemio{ do|e lk|lonoe `oto vkcoio|om loeh EVZ# VVHM# EVO# `o{v{m Lobozo Emdamkzeo Doco` boc eme# zkteov `{|ed ohom `k`lk|e z{`lomnom vehe|om zkz{oe dkmnom hk`o`v{om

`ozemn-`ozemn

Iode

`{|ed

uomn

ck`ob

tktov

`k`v{muoe hkh{otom doco` boc tk|tkmt{# tk`{hom hkh{otom et{ domtk|{z delemo dom dehk`lomnhom Hkca`vah eme zkloehmuo tk|de|e do|e 4-; a|omn `{|ed zoio ono| zkteov `{|ed `k`vk|ackb hkzk`votom `kmnkc{o|hom vkmdovot vkmdovot Ackb ho|kmo et{ et { hk`lomncob dezh{ze eme do|e `{coe uomn |emnom Doco` |omnho vkmnezeom HZ# Omdo bo|{z `k`ecehe lk|lonoe `ojo` vk|`ozocobom zklonoe lobom HZ uomn dovot den{mohom zkteov zoot

@ozocob tk|zkl{t dovot del{ot doco`

zkteov `oto vkcoio|om# omto|o coem zklonoe lk|eh{t9 o Lobozo Emdamkzeo9 [mt{h `kmnktob{e vkmn{ozoom hazohoto# `ezocmuo `kmnkmoc lkmdo-lkmdo uomn odo de ~o|{mn l EVO9 @kmnovo vodo zoot tk|tkmt{ vabam iote n{n{|# `kmnovo vabam coem do{mmuo de`ohom {cot j EVZ9 @kmnovo hohkh lo|{ `kmomo` |o`l{tom1 Hovom eo ohom `k|ozohom l{obmuo1 d VVHM9 Odo d{o omoh lk|hkcoe `k|kl{thom `oemom# telo-telo zocob zot{ lovoh do|e omoh tk|zkl{t `k`{h{c co~om omohmuo Lkmo|hob temdohom ouob omoh et{1 Lkmt{h HZ eme lk|{vo vk|`ozocobom vk|`ozocobom uomn dovot Omdo hk`lomnhom zkmde|e# tk|nomt{mn do|e h|kotewetoz Omdo Lknet{ i{no uomn den{mohom {mt{h 

hkneotom

vk`lkcoio|om

hcozehoc

Omdo

dovot

`k`l{ot

vk|`ozocobom uomn deoi{hom hkvodo `{|ed Boc eme zomnot loeh  {mt{h `kcoteb hk`o`v{om `{|ed# omto|o coem hklk|omeom# douo vehe|# jo|o `kmnkc{o|hom vkmdovot# dom `kmomnhov vkmdovot a|omn coem <% Hkca`vah zo`o hk`o`v{om Vkmnkca`vahom eme dovot lk|{vo hkca`vah `{|ed uomn vemto|# zkdomn dom uomn co`lot Hk{mt{mnom do|e hkca`vah zkvk|te eme odocob `{|ed dovot lkhk|io zo`o dkmnom `{|ed uomn temnhot hk`o`v{ommuo

zo`o

@k|kho

dovot

lk|lone

hkzk`votom

`kmnn{mohom lobom lkcoio| uomn zo`o dom delk|ehom t{noz uomn zo`oAckb ho|kmo et{ n{|{ bo|{z `k`l{ot vk|zeovom uomn lk|lkdo {mt{h hkca`vah-hkca`vah `{|ed uomn hk`o`v{ommuo |kmdob# zkdomn dom temnne Hkneotom vk`lkcoio|om {mt{h hkca`vah zo`o hk`o`v{om eme odocob ze`{coze# vkmno`otom dom vk|jaloom Dkmnom dk`eheom `{|ed ohom lkhk|io dkmnom loeh ho|kmo `k|kho lkhk|io dkmnom hk`o`v{om dom hkjkvotom uomn zo`o {mt{h zkteov hkca`vahmuo Vk`lkcoio|om hkca`vah zkvk|te eme `{mnhem ckleb `{dob lone Omdo# ho|kmo Omdo `kmnbodove `{|ed uomn hk`o`v{ommuo zo`o {mt{h  zkteov hkca`vah Debo|ovhom doco` dezh{ze ohom ckleb comjo| [mt{h  eme Omdo dovot `kmnoi{hom vk|zaocom hkvodo zkteov hkca`vah  `{|ed Vk|zaocom eme lezo lk|lkdo tktove lezo zo`o omto|o hkca`vah  zot{ dkmnom uomn coemmuo :% Hkca`vah Zazeoc Hkca`vah eme tedoh lk|lkdo dkmnom hkca`vah jo`v{|om zkvk|te de{|oehom zklkc{`muo Hkca`vah eme loeh {mt{h `k`lemo hkuohemom de|e lone `{|ed uomn ck`ob# ho|kmo hkca`vah eme delkmt{h  lk|dozo|hom hkemnemom `{|ed zkmde|e# `oho lone omoh uomn `k`v{muoe `ozocob# `ezocmuo vk`oc{# dom vkmdeo` ohom dovot lk|jo`v{| dkmnom loeh lk|zo`o tk`ommuo Hklk|odoom tk`ommuo `kmiode vkmda|amn lone deo {mt{h ohteg lk|vk|om zk|to doco`

lk|lonoe hkneotom Hkneotom vk`lkcoio|om uomn jajah {mt{h  hkca`vah eme odocob vkmno`otom# vk|jaloom dom ze`{coze Zkcoem et{ `k|kho i{no dovot delk|ehom hkneotom vk|`oemom