Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
.
I. PENDAHULUAN Sistem rem berperan penting dalam mengurangi kecepatan, menghentikan dan memarkir kendaraan. Tidak berfungsinya rem dapat menimbulkan bahaya, oleh karena itu penting sekali ketelitian dalam menangani pekerjaan membongkar, membongkar, memeriksa, menyetel, memperbaiki serta merakitnya dengan secermat mungkin. Sistem rem terdiri dari komponen berikut:
A. PENGEREMAN MESIN (ENGINE BRAKING) Engine braking adalah metode pengereman suatu kendaraan tanpa menggunakan rem kaki. Metode ini menggunakan tahanan putaran mesin untuk membantu membantu mengurangi mengurangi kecepatan kendaraan. Sebagai contoh pada jalan yang menurun, pedal akselerator dibebaskan, transmisi dalam keadaan terhubung, roda-roda penggerak berputar menggerakkan mesin. Poros engkol menahan putaran (disebabkan adanya tahanan udara yang dikompresikan di dalam silinder-silinder, gesekan antara part yang bergerak, dan sebagainya). Roda-roda penggerak penggerak (drive wheel) kemudian berputar lebih lambat, menyebabkan kecepatan kendaraan menurun.
Transmission of Power: Roda Differensial Propeller Shaft Transmisi Kopling Mesin.
PPPPTK BMTI Bandung/EMHS-2012 Bandung/EMHS-2012
1
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
B. VAPOR LOCK Bila hanya rem kaki saja yang digunakan tanpa bantuan pengereman mesin (engine braking), pada jalan yang menurun menurun akan menyebabka menyebabkan n tromol panas sekali akibat gesekan. Temperatur yang tinggi menyebabkan minyak rem mendidih dan membentuk gelembung-gelembung udara pada sistem. Udara mudah dikompresikan menyebabkan tekanan pada pedal rem mengkompresikan udara terlebih dahulu sehingga efisiensi pengereman berkurang. Titik didih minyak rem bervariasi, bergantung pada mutu minyak rem dan kadar air. Minyak rem cenderung menyerap air, menyebabkan titik didih menurun, seperti diperlihatkan dibawah. Karena itu minyak rem harus disimpan tertutup dengan baik, dengan demikian air tidak dapat masuk.
II. MASTER SILINDER A.
FUNGSI DAN PRINSIP KERJA Master silinder berfungsi memompakan minyak rem dari tangki minyak rem (reservoar) ke silinder-silinder silinder-silinder roda. Bila pedal rem ditekan, master silinder akan menghasilkan tekanan hidraulis. Cara kerja pedal rem didasarkan pada prinsip tuas, dan merubah tekanan pedal rem yang kecil menjadi tenaga yang besar bekerja pada master silinder. Berdasarkan hukum Paskal tekanan hidraulis akan dihasilkan pada master silinder dan disalurkan melalui melalui pipa-pipa rem ke setiap silinder-silinder silinder-silinder roda untuk untuk menekan sepatu rem. 1. Prinsip Tuas Prinsip tuas ini berlaku pada pedal rem sebagai berikut: Daya yang bekerja A F1 X A = F 2 X B F2 = F1 X B F1 = Tenaga pedal A = Jarak pedal rem dari fulcrum F2 = Output push rod B = Jarak dari push rod ke tumpuan Panjang gerakan:
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
.
2. Hukum Pascal Menurut hukum Pascal tekanan pada zat cair akan diteruskan ke segala arah. Dengan menggunakan prinsip ini maka tekanan hidraulis yang dibangkitkan pada master rem akan diteruskan ke semua wheel cylinder dengan sama besar. B. TANDEM MASTER CYLINDER Tandem master cylinder bekerja dengan sistem hidraulis terpisah (split hydraulic system). Dengan dirancang sedemikian rupa, bila salah satu sirkuitnya rusak, maka yang lainnya tetap beroperasi, minimum ada tenaga yang menghentikan, ini adalah salah satu bagian peralatan keselamatan penting 1. Pipa Rem pada Kendaraan Tipe FR
2. Pipa Rem pada Kendaraan Tipe FF
3. Kendaraan tipe FF Menggunakan Susunan Susunan Pipa Diagonal Bila kendaraan tipe FF menggunakan susunan pipa sama seperti kendaraan tipe FR dan bila terjadi kesalahan/kerusakan pada sistem hidraulis bagian depan, memungkinkan roda-roda belakang tetap terkunci. Hal ini disebabkan ban dan tahanan gesek dengan jalan lebih kecil di belakang, dimana bagian belakang kendaraan lebih ringan pada kendaraan tipe FR. Gesekan kecil yang terjadi akan mengurangi daya pengereman (diperlukan jarak yang cukup panjang sebelum kendaraan berhenti). Pemasangan pipa secara diagonal diperlukan untuk mencegah problem di atas. C. KONSTRUKSI
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
D. CARA KERJA 1. Kerja Normal a. Saat rem tidak dioperasikan, piston cups no. 1 dan piston no. 2 berada diantara inlet port dan compensating port, sehingga terdapat saluran antara cylinder dan reservoir tank. Piston no. 2 ditekan ke kanan oleh tenaga pegas pembalik (return spring) no. 2, akan tetapi tidak terdorong lebih jauh karena ditahan oleh baut penahan (stopper bolt b. Saat pedal diinjak , piston no. 1 bergerak ke kiri dan piston cup menutupi compensating port untuk menahan aliran antara cylinder dan reservoir tank. Bila piston ditekan lebih lanjut, ini akan menambah tekanan hidrolik dalam cylinder. Tekanan ini juga diteruskan pada wheel cylinder belakang. Bila tekanan hidrolik yang sama juga menekan piston no. 2, piston no. 2 akan bekerja dengan cara yang sama seperti piston no. 1 dan diteruskan ke wheel cylinder depan. c. Saat pedal rem dibebaskan , piston-piston kembali ke posisinya semula oleh tekanan hidrolik, karena tenaga dorong pegas pembalik (return spring) . namun oleh karena minyak rem tidak mengalir balik ke master silinder dengan segera, tekanan dalam hidrolik hidrolik master silinder silinder seketika turun turun (drop) seketika (vacum develops). Sebagai akibatnya minyak rem dalam silinder master m1 melalui beberapa lubang kecil (orifices) untuk diberikan ke ujung piston dan sekitar batas luar piston cup. d. Setelah piston kembali ke posisi semula, minyak rem dari wheel cylinder melalui compensating port menuju ke reservoir. Bertambahnya minyak karena kenaikan temperatur dialirkan melalui compensating port, sehingga mencegah kenaikan tekanan minyak saat pedal bebas
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
.
Selanjutnya piston no. 1 menekan return spring, sehingga piston no. 1 menyentuh piston no. 2, kemudian mendorongnya. Sehingga tekanan hidraulis di bagian depan silinder meningkat. Maka yang bekerja kedua rem bagian depan.
b. Minyak bocor dari bagian depan master silinder Piston no. 2 bergerak ke depan sampai menyentuh ujung bagian depan silinder, tetapi tidak menghasilkan tekanan hidraulis. Bila piston no. 1 bergerak lagi ke kiri, maka tekanan hidraulis di bagian belakang silinder akan meningkat lagi, sehingga kedua rem belakang akan bekerja. 3. Spring Retainer Spring retainer dipasangkan pada tandem master silinder yang menggunakan sistem pipa diagonal. Adapun perannya sebagai berikut: Untuk menjamin agar sistem rem diagonal split ini bekerja dengan baik, maka piston no. 1 dan no. 2 harus menghasilkan tekanan yang sama. Untuk itu return spring piston no. 1. ditahan oleh retainer yang dipasang pada piston melalui connecting rod. Ini diperlukan karena spring dari piston no. 1 menerima beban yang lebih besar daripada spring piston no. 2, karena adanya gesekan yang besar pada piston no. 2
E. RESERVOIR TANK TERPISAH Tiga piston cup terpasang pada piston no. 2 pada master silinder yang terpisah reservoir tanknya. Pada tipe lain ada yang hanya menggunakan dua piston cup
Peranan piston cup tengah pada piston no. 2 Katakan piston cup tidak ada, dan piston dibebaskan oleh bebasnya pedal rem, dan akan terjadi kevakuman untuk sementara dalam ruangan dimana return spring dipasangkan. Akibatnya cairan rem depan akan kembali sedikit. Akibatnya minyak di dalam reservoir depan
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
OUTLET CHECK VALVE Pada beberapa tipe master silinder, check valvenya terdapat di outlet master cylinder. Outlet check valve dibuat untuk memungkinkan fluida mengalir dengan cepat dari master cylinder ke setiap wheel cylinder, tetapi kembalinya lambat dari wheel cylinder ke master cylinder. Ini dimaksudkan untuk memudahkan pengeluaran udara. Outlet check valve juga memungkinkan agar tekanan yang rendah (sisa tekanan) dalam pipa dan wheel cylinder untuk mencegah fluida dari kebococoran. 1. Konstruksi Outlet check valve dipasang bersama compression spring diantara master cylinder outlet dan fluid outlet. Akibatnya check valve terdorong ke kiri oleh compression spring dan memisahkan chamber H dari chamber M pada point A. Check valve terbuat dari karet dan berbentuk tirus pada ujungnya Slit tetap tertutup bila tidak ada tekanan, tetapi akan membuka bila terjadi tekanan. Ini memungkinkan fluida untuk mengalir dengan mudah dari chamber M ke ckamber H 2. Cara Kerja a. Penekanan pedal rem menghasilkan tekanan hidraulis hidraulis di ruang M master cylinder. Tekanan tersebut akan mendorong slit pada check valve, sehingga slit membuka mengakibatkan fluida mengalir dengan mudah ke wheel cylinder. Cairan menekan bagian dalam dari tiap wheel cylinder dan bekerja pada bibir-bibir piston cup dan mendorongnya terhadap cylynder. Hal ini akan mencegah bocornya cairan rem, pada saat yang sama sepatu rem mengembang dan menghentikan kendaraan. b. Bila pedal rem dibebaskan maka piston cylinder kembali ke posisi semula dengan adanya return spring dan tekanan yang menurun di dalam ruang (chamber M) dan membentuk kevakuman untuk sementara.
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
.
dalam tepi check valve tertutup, tekanan hidraulis dalam wheel cylinder melebihi tenaga compression spring dan mendorong check valve ke kanan, menyebabkan cairan kembali ke m aster cylinder. c.
Piston wheel cylinder kembali pada kedudukannya semula dengan adanya tekanan pegas pembalik (brake shoe return spring). Hal ini akan mengurangi tekanan di dalam chamber M, dan check valve didorong ke kiri oleh compression spring untuk menutup saluran antara wheel cylinder dan chamber M. Oleh karena itu, sisa tekanan hidraulis (sisa tekanan) di dalam piston wheel cylinder sama dengan daya penekanan pegas. Sisa tekanan bekerja pada bibir-bibir piston cup dalam wheel cylinder. Dengan alasan ini, bibir-bibir terdorong dengan konstan terhadap tekanan dinding-dinding silinder untuk mencegah kebocoran. Bila pedal rem dibebaskan secara tiba-tiba, maka piston di dalam master cylinder akan kembali lebih cepat daripada piston yang ada di dalam master cylinder (wheel cylinder piston piston akan kembali dengan shoe return spring, tetapi gerakannya gerakannya merupakan gesekan antara sepatu dan backing plate). Bila check valve hilang, di dalam master cylinder mungkin menjadi vakum dan udara masuk ke wheel cylinder. Check valve mencegah masuknya udara ke sistem. Catatan: kendaraan yang dilengkapi dengan rem piringan (disc brake), pada pistonnya terdapat seal agar minyak tidak bocor dan udara tidak masuk ke sistem melalui wheel cylinder. Karena itu untuk master cylinder pada kendaraan jenis ini tidak terdapat check valve.
F. RESERVOIR TANK 1. Ventilasi Udara Selama rem bekerja, banyaknya minyak di dalam reservoir berubah. Perubahan volume ini
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
3. Rangkaian Lampu Peringatan Rem Apabila volume minyak cukup, saklar peringatan pada posisi OFF. Bila minyak m inyak kurang dari batas minimum, maka pelampung magnit turun dan menyebabkan saklar ON. Selanjutnya lampu tanda ini menyala untuk memperingatkan pengemudi.
Rangkaian lampu peringatan rem (brake warning lamp) ditunjukkan pada gambar di atas. Lampu ini juga ON ketika rem parkir bekerja, dan untuk kendaraan yang menggunakan mesin IC (diesel) lampu akan ON ketika vakum switch ON.
III. REM TEROMOL A. SILINDER RODA Silinder roda (wheel cylinder) diikat dengan baut pada backing plate, yaitu bagian dari rem teromol yang tidak berputar.
Cara Kerja 1. Ketika rem belum bekerja Piston yang terdapat di dalam silinder roda terdorong ke belakang secara konstan, melalui sepatu rem dengan adanya tegangan pegas pembalik (return spring). Sepatu-sepatu Sepatu -sepatu rem mendapat tekanan pada suatu titik tertentu. Pegas penekan yang ada di dalam silinder roda
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
.
Penting ! Bila piston cup dipasang terbalik di dalam silinder, tekanan hidrolik cenderung mendorong bibir cup keluar dari silinder sehingga menimbulkan kebocoran. Pastikan bahwa piston cup tidak terbalik letaknya pada saat memasang.
B. MENYETEL CELAH SEPATU REM (ADJUSTER TYPE NON-AUTOMATIC) 1. Tipe Two Leading Konstruksi dan Cara Kerja a. Cara Kerja Konstruksi sepatu tipe ini pemasangan silindernya seperti pada gambar dibawah. Mur penyetel (adjusting nut) dan piston terdorong ke wheel cylinder oleh pegas pembalik melalui sepatu rem. Ketika rem bekerja, piston wheel cylinder bergerak karena tekanan hidraulis hingga sepatu rem bergesekan dengan teromol untuk menghentikan lajunya kendaraan. b. Keausan Sepatu Rem Keausan sepatu rem menyebabkan celah antara kanvas dan teromol bertambah. Hal ini menyebabkan jarak cadangan pedal rem mulai berkurang, karena itu sepatu rem harus distel bila perlu. Penyetelan Sepatu Rem Baut penyetel tidak dapat berputar sendiri karena tertahan oleh sepatu rem. Panjangnya dapat bertambah atau berkurang dengan cara memutar mur penyetel untuk menyetel celah sepatu rem. Mur penyetel dapat diputar dengan SST yang dimasukkan melalui lubang penyetel pada
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
o
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
Dengan menggunakan SST (alat penyetel rem), putarkan mur penyetel dengan arah kebalikannya sampai roda dapat berputar bebas. Berapa banyak mur diputar kearah kebalikannya ini terdapat pada pedoman reparasi.
Penting ! Untuk roda yang menggunakan dua silinder roda, jangan menyetel sepatu pada saat yang bersamaan. o
Pasanglah kembali sumbat lubang penyetel sepatu.
2. Tipe Duo Servo a. Konstruksi dan Cara Kerja Konstruksi rem tipe ini diperlihatkan pada gambar di bawah. Ujung atas sepatu rem menekan stopper pin karena adanya pegas pembalik. Sedangkan ujung bawahnya menekan baut penyetel karena adanya baut penegang. Celah sepatu rem dapat distel dengan cara memutar penyetel (adjuster) b. Penyetelan Celah o Kendorkan baut klem pegas penegang (retracting spring clambolt). o Lepaskan sumbat lubang penyetel dari backing plate o Kembangkan sepatu hingga roda terkunci Dengan menggunakan SST (alat penyetel rem), putar penyetel hingga roda terkunci.
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
.
o
o
Baut klem pegas penarik ini berfungsi agar kedua sepatu secara otomatis berada di tengah ketika dikeraskan, setelah melakukan tahapan di atas, karena keausan sepatu rem tidak merata, tahapan di atas harus dilakukan untuk menyetel celah sepatu. Kendorkan penyetel sampai roda berputar bebas Kendorkan penyetel sampai roda berputar bebas. seberapa banyak banyak mur penyetel (berapa notches) dikendorkan kembali, terdapat dalam pedoman reparasi. Pasang kembali sumbat lubang penyetel sepatu (shoe adjuster hole plug).
IV. REM PIRINGAN Pada rem piringan, disc pad menekan kedua sisi piringan (yang berputar bersama dengan roda) untuk menghentikan jalannya kendaraan.
KEISTIMEWAAN REM PIRINGAN A. Keuntungan Rem Piringan 1. Radiasi panas sangat baik Panas yang timbul akibat gesekan segera akan hilang, karena sebagian besar permukaan piringan terkena udara luar, sehingga tidak mudah terkena fading. Hal
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
2. Konstruksinya Konstruksin ya sederhana Rem piringan konstruksinya sangat sederhana, sehingga pemeriksaan dan penggantian pad mudah dilakukan.
3. Tidak terpengaruh air Meskipun piringan terkena air, kemampuan pengereman akan tetap normal karena air yang menempel pada piringan terlempar oleh gaya sentrifugal.
4. Tidak diperlukan Celah rem tidak perlu distel, karena secara otomatis dilakukan oleh piston seal (karet)
penyetelan
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Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
.
Catatan: keausan pad akan menyebabkan minyak rem di dalam reservoir berkurang banyak, karena diameter piston lebih besar dibandingkan kasus yang sama pada rem teromol. c. Indikator Keausan Pad Bila pad telah aus dan perlu diganti, maka indikator keausan menimbulkan bunyi untuk memperingatkan pengemudi. Untuk Toyota Corolla, bunyi peringatan ini terjadi apabila tebal pad sudah mencapai 2,5 mm (0,098 in) d. Konstruksi dan cara kerja Bila ketebalan pad sudah mencapai limit ketebalan di atas, maka indikator yang terpasang pada backing plate akan menyentuh piringan dan menimbulkan bunyi selama kendaraan berjalan Penting : Bila Bila indikator berbunyi, tidak akan merusak piringan karena persinggungan hanya sedikit. Tetapi bila digunakan terus menerus dalam kondisi seperti ini, kemungkinan backing plate menyentuh piringan sehingga menimbulkan kerusakan. Bila timbul bunyi maka segeralah mengganti pad.
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
Bila tekanan atmosfir masuk ke ruang A, maka piston akan bergerak ke kiri menekan pegas karena adanya perbedaan tekanan. Hal ini menyebabkan batang piston menekan piston master cylinder dan menghasilkan tekanan hidraulis.
C. BOOSTER TIPE TUNGGAL 1. Konstruksi a. Konstruksi Konstruks i booster rem (brake booster) seperti seperti pada gambar di bawah b. Bagian dalam booster rem rem dihubungkan melalui check valve ke intake manifold (suatu pompa vakum pada model-model Diesel). Bila mesin dihidupkan maka akan terjadi kevakuman sepenuhnya pada booster rem. c. Check valve dibuat sedemikian rupa untuk untuk memungkinkan udara mengalir dari booster ke mesin. Dengan demikian kevakuman maksimum dalam booster dapat diatur oleh mesin
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
.
f. Valve operating rod dihubungkan ke pedal rem. g. Pada bagian yang bergeser (booster body dan valve body; booster body dan push rod) dilengkapi dengan body seal untuk mempertahankan kevakuman di dalam booster. 2. Cara Kerja a. Ketika rem belum bekerja (Lihat gambar di atas) Air valve berhubungan dengan valve operating rod, dan tertarik ke kanan oleh air valve return spring. Control valve terdorong ke kiri oleh control valve spring. Hal ini menyebabkan air valve menyentuh control valve. Sehingga udara luar yang memasuki elemen air cleaner tidak bisa memasuki ruangan tekanan variable. Dalam keadaan ini valve body terpisah dari control valve, memungkinkan saluran membuka antara saluran A dan B. Maka pada constan pressure chamber dan variable pressure chamber kedua-duanya dalam keadaan vacum. Akibatnya piston terdorong ke kanan oleh pegas diaphragm. (Gambar atas) b. Ketika rem bekerja Bila pedal rem ditekan, valve operating rod akan mendorong air valve, dan menyebabkan menyebabkan air valve bergerak ke kiri. Control valve yang menekan air valve oleh control valve spring juga bergerak ke kiri hingga menyentuh vacum valve. Hal ini akan menutup saluran A yang berhubungan dengan saluran B.
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
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(variable pressure chamber), dan dengan demikian tekanan di dalam variable pressure chamber stabil. Sehingga tidak ada perbedaan tekanan antara constan pressure chamber dengan variable pressure chamber. Selanjutnya, Selanjutnya , piston berhenti bergerak dan menjaga keadaan gaya pengereman.
d. Maksimum booster Bila pedal rem ditekan sepenuhnya, maka air valve akan membuka penuh control valve. Pada kondisi ini ruang tekanan variable terisi penuh oleh atmosfir dan perbedaan tekanan antara kedua ruang mencapai maksimum, sehingga efek gaya booster mencapai maksimum. Walaupun penambahan gaya terhadap pedal rem setelah kondisi ini tidak memperbesar gaya booster, dan gaya tambahan akan
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
.
f.
Keadaan tanpa vakum Bila tidak ada kevakuman mengalir ke booster rem disebabkan sesuatu hal, maka tekanan dikedua ruangan (ruang tekanan konstan dan ruang tekanan variable) akan sama, karena sama-sama sama- sama terisi udara. Bila booster rem dalam keadaan ”off”, mak a piston dikembalikan ke kanan oleh pegas diaphragm (diaphragm spring). Akan tetapi bila pedal rem ditekan, maka valve operating rod akan maju ke kiri dan mendorong katup udara (air valve), reaction disc dan booster push rod. Hal ini akan menyebabkan master cylinder piston memberikan daya pengereman ke roda. Pada waktu yang bersamaan air valve mendorong air valve mendorong mendorong valve stopper key yang disisipkan ke ke dalam valve body. Piston yang juga mendesak diaphragm spring dan bergerak ke kiri. Untuk memungkinkan rem bekerja dibutuhkan tekanan hidraulis yang cukup besar, tetapi selama booster rem tidak bekerja, maka pedal rem akan terasa berat.
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
air valve. Selanjutnya gaya reaksi dari master cylinder diterima seluruhnya oleh valve body dan tidak diteruskan ke operating rod dan pedal rem.
5. Penyetelan Booster Rem Sebelum master cylinder dipasang, push rod booster harus distel. Diantara piston dan push rod booster terdapat celah yang harus distel, yaitu (A) = 0,1 – 0,5 mm. Celah yang terlalu kecil dapat menyebabkan rem bekerja cepat (spontan). Celah terlalu besar menyebabkan bekerjanya rem terlambat. Posisikan SST (P/No 09737
00010)
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
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.
Selanjutnya vakum bekerja pada ruang tekanan konstan dan ruang tekanan variabel, dan tidak ada perbedaan tekanan pada kedua sisi piston
2. Ketika Rem Bekerja Bila pedal rem ditekan, valve operating rod dan air valve akan terdorong ke kiri bersama-sama. Akibatnya control valve dan vacum valve bersentuhan satu dengan lainnya, sehingga hubungan saluran (A) dan saluran (B) terputus (ruang tekanan konstan dan ruang
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Karena perpindahan titik berat, gaya pengereman roda depan bertambah, sedangkan pada roda belakang gaya pengeremannya berkurang.
2. Bahayanya Bila Roda Belakang Mengalami Lock-Up Lebih Awal Awal Memperkirakan bahwa roda-roda depan dan belakang berusaha dalam gaya pengereman seperti keadaan diatas, maka roda-roda belakang yang padanya berlaku/bekerja sedikit beban, cenderung akan mengunci lebih awal. Hal ini akan menyebabkan rodaroda belakang ngepot (skid). Bila roda-roda belakang membuang, gesekan antara ban dan permukaan jalan cenderung kecil, dan ban akan gagal melakukan kontak yang sempurna dengan jalan, kecuali kendaraan
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
.
B. PRINSIP KERJA 1. Tekanan Master Cylinder Nol Piston terdorong ke kanan oleh pegas, katup C terbuka.
2. Tekanan Master Cylinder Rendah Tekanan hidraulis dari master cylinder diteruskan dari ruang A melalui katup C, dan bekerja di ruang B. Dengan demikian tekanan di ruang A dan ruang
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
CARA KERJA P. VALVE - 1 Tekanan Master Cylinder Rendah Seperti diperlihatkan, diperlihatk an, piston terdorong
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
.
2. Pedal Rem Dibebaskan Bila tekanan pada master cylinde berkurang, piston bergerak ke kiri disebabkan adanya perbedaan
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
Karena itu, P &BV pada kondisi tersebut diatas mengaktifkan P valve agar pengereman menjadi lebih pendek. Disamping itu kemungkinan kendaraan ”ngepot” sedikit bila sirkuit rem depan tidak bekerja.
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
.
b. Rem Depan Tidak Bekerja Bila sirkuit rem depan bocor, Pf turun sampai nol, perbedaan antara tekanan
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
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Diklat Mekanik 2 : Perbaikan Mesin & Kelistrikan Bodi
Bila truk dimuati beban, sebagian beban bekerja pada roda belakangnya, sehingga tidak mudah terjadi lock-up. Karenanya
Perawatan & Perbaikan Sistem Rem
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