VGIM
=4
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb Mfinbnstrma nñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml5 oubanjbgs y ajipgtgbanms. Jrfgbmanñb fgl augrpj supgrnjr euréfnaj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb Mfinbnstrma nñb fg Eustnanm5 Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj y Qgargtmrnjs Ajjrfnbmfjrgs TGOGTGBANMQ LG@NQLMVN_MQ Lgy Jr`íbnam ?/=>87, fg = fg eulnj, fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml, auym õltnim ijfn onamanñb onaman ñb sg hm prjfuan prjfuanfj fj pjr Lgy Jr`íbnam =1/43 =1/43=7, =7, fg 7 fg jatudrg, fg ijfnonamanñb fg lm Lgy fg Gbeunanmingbtj Arninbml pmrm gl ojrtmlganingbtj fg lms `mrmbtéms prjagsmlgs y lm rg`ulmanñb fg lms igfnfms fg nbvgstn`manñb tgabjlñ`nam
JDEGVN_JQ Gstufnmr lms fnspjsnanjbgs prnbanpmlgs fgl Gstmtutj Sgrsjbml fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm Ajbjagr lms oubanjbgs qug tngbgb msn`bmfms ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrm Mfinbnstrmanñb anñb fg Eustnanm Mbmlnzmr lm rgspjbsmdnlnfmf fnsanplnbmrnm fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, pmrm lj auml sg gxplnamrí gl rî`nigb fg rgspjbsmdnlnfmf y lm almsnonamanñb fg lms omltms Gxplnamr lm jr`mbnzmanñb qug ajbojrim gl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4
Mtgbanñb Vrms lm gbtrmfm gb vn`jr fg lm Lgy Jr`íbnam 0/43=7, fg 4= fg eulnj, pjr lm qug sg ijfnonam lm Lgy Jr`íbnam ?/=>87, fg = fg eulnj, fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml, m pmrtnr fgl = fg jatudrg fg 43=7 tjfms lms rgogrgbanms qug sg ajbtgb`mb gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam ?/=>87, fg = fg eulnj, fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml, msé ajij gb jtrms bjrims euréfnams, m Qgargtmrnjs Eufnanmlgs, Qgargtmrnjs sustntutjs prjogsnjbmlgs, Nbstntutj fg Igfnanbm Lg`ml g Nbstntutj Bmanjbml fg Vjxnajlj`ém, fgdgríb gbtgbfgrsg hgahms, rgspgatnvmigbtg, m Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm suplgbtgs, Nbstntutj fg Igfnanbm Lg`ml y Angbanms Ojrgbsgs g Nbstntutj Bmanjbml fg Vjxnajlj`ém y Angbanms Ojrgbsgs.
=.
GL LGVTMFJ FG LM MFINBNQVTMANÑB FG EWQVNANM GB LM LG^ JT@ÍBNAM FGL SJFGT EWFNANML5 OWBANJBGQ ^ AJISGVGBANMQ
=.= Gstmtutj pgrsjbml M. Ajbagptj Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sjb oubanjbmrnjs põdlnajs qug ajbstntuygb ub Augrpj Qupgrnjr Euréfnaj, õbnaj, fg amríatgr bmanjbml, ml sgrvnanj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, fgpgbfngbtg fgl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, y qug gegragb sus oubanjbgs ajb gl amríatgr fg mutjrnfmf, jstgbtmbfj lm fnrgaanñb fg lm Jonanbm eufnanml.
D. Almsnonamanñb Ljs pugstjs fg trmdmej auyj fgsgipgýj gstî rgsgrvmfj ml Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, sg almsnonamb gb trgs amtg`jréms, tgbngbfj lu`mr gl nb`rgsj gb gl insij pjr lm tgragrm amtg`jrém. Vjfj Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm pjsggrí ubm amtg`jrém pgrsjbml. Lm ajbsjlnfmanñb fg lm amtg`jrém pgrsjbml gxn`g gl fgsgipgýj fg pugstjs fg trmdmej ajrrgspjbfngbtgs m fnahm amtg`jrém ml igbjs furmbtg anbaj mýjs ajbtnbumfjs j sngtg ajb nbtgrrupanñb.
Nipjrtmbtg Bj sgrí pjsndlg utnlnzmr gl insij pgrnjfj fg tngipj pmrm ajbsjlnfmr amtg`jréms fnogrgbtgs.
Bj sg pjfrí ajigbzmr m ajbsjlnfmr ubm amtg`jrém supgrnjr snb prgvnmigbtg hmdgr ajbsjlnfmfj lm nbogrnjr, sn dngb gl tngipj fg fgsgipgýj fg ub pugstj fg amtg`jrém supgrnjr sgrí ajiputm dlg m gogatjs fg lm ajbsjlnfmanñb fg lm nbogrnjr. Gb bnb`õb amsj ub Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm fg lm tgragrm amtg`jrém pjfrí jptmr m ubm plmzm fg lm prnigrm. Lm amtg`jrém ajbsjlnfmfm sjlj jpgrm ajij `mrmbtém fg lm pgragpanñb fgl suglfj ajrrgspjbfngbtg m lm insim, aumbfj sg jaupg ub pugstj fg nbogrnjr amtg`jrém. Gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm gstmdlgagrí ljs trgs `rupjs gb ljs qug sg almsnonamríb ljs pugstjs fg trmdmej m fgsgipgýmr pjr ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm.
A. Qglgaanñb Ljs oubanjbmrnjs fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sgríb sglgaanjbmfjs igfnmbtg ajbvjamtjrnm fgl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, m trmvîs fg ljs snstgims fg jpjsnanñb, qug sgrí gl snstgim jrfnbmrnj fg nb`rgsj, j fg ajbaursj-jpjsnanñb lndrg, qug tgbfrí amríatgr gxagpanjbml y gb gl qug lms prugdms fg 608
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml ajbjaningbtj tgbfríb ub ajbtgbnfj mbílj`j m lms fg lm jpjsnanñb lndrg. Midjs prjagfningbtjs fgdgríb `mrmbtnzmr, gb tjfj amsj, ljs prnbanpnjs fg n`umlfmf, iîrntj, ampmanfmf y tmidnîb fg pudlnanfmf, gb lm ojrim gb qug fnspjbg lm LJSE y lms fnspjsnanjbgs rg`lmigbtmrnms qug lm fgsmrrjllgb. Qg rgsgrvmrí gl trgnbtm pjr angbtj fg lms plmzms vmambtgs pmrm su prjvnsnñb, prgvnm mutjrnzmanñb pjr pmrtg fgl Inbnstgrnj fg Hmangbfm y Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams, pjr prjijanñb nbtgrbm igfnmbtg gl snstgim fg ajbaursj-jpjsnanñb pjr ljs oubanjbmrnjs fg amrrgrm fgl Augrpj fg @gstnñb Srjagsml y Mfinbnstrmtnvm qug llgvgb, ml igbjs, fjs mýjs fg sgrvnanjs gogatnvjs gb gl insij. M gstjs gogatjs sg ajiputmríb ljs sgrvnanjs prgstmfjs gb gl Augrpj fg Jonanmlgs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm fgl qug, gb su amsj, prjagfmb. Lms rgstmbtgs vmambtgs, margagbtmfms pjr lms qug bj sg audrmb pjr prjijanñb nbtgrbm, sn lms hudngrg, sg audrnríb gb turbj lndrg igfnmbtg jpjsnanñb j, gb su amsj, ajbaursj-jpjsnanñb, sngiprg ajb sueganñb m lms prgvnsnjbgs prgsupugstmrnms vn`gbtgs gb imtgrnm fg jogrtm fg giplgj põdlnaj. Fg bj gxnstnr jogrtm fg giplgj põdlnaj, gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, ajb amríatgr gxtrmjrfnbmrnj y prgvnm mutjrnzmanñb fgl Inbnstgrnj fg Hmangbfm y Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams, pjfrí ajbvjamr ub prjagsj fg prjijanñb nbtgrbm gspgaéonaj aumbfj lms anraubstmbanms gb lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm lj majbsgegb. Gl bõigrj fg plmzms ajbvjamfms pjr gstg snstgim bj pjfrí sgr supgrnjr ml qunbag pjr angbtj fg lms plmzms vmambtgs. Gb gstg amsj, lms plmzms qug bj sg audrmb bj pjfríb jogrtmrsg pmrm qug lj sgmb pjr turbj lndrg. Smrm gl nb`rgsj gb gl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, aumlqungrm qug sgm su ojrim fg maagsj, sg rgqungrg sgr gspmýjl, lnagbanmfj gb Fgrgahj, bj gstmr nbaursj gb amusm fg nbampmanfmf j nbajipmtndnlnfmf, msé ajij supgrmr lms prugdms sglgatnvms qug sg gstmdlgzamb y gl ajrrgspjbfngbtg aursj tgñrnaj-príatnaj qug pjfrí tgbgr amríatgr sglgatnvj.
F. Ajbfnanjbgs fg nb`rgsj y pîrfnfm fg lm ajbfnanñb ajbfnanñb fg Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm Gl nb`rgsj gb gl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sg prjfuag pjr gl auiplningbtj fg lms sn`ungbtgs ajbfnanjbgs5 m) Tgubnr ljs rgqunsntjs y auiplnr lms ajbfnanjbgs gxn`nfms gb lm ajbvjamtjrnm. d) Qupgrmanñb fg ljs prjagsjs sglgatnvjs. a) Bjidrmingbtj gxpgfnfj pjr gl Inbnstrj fg Eustnanm y pudlnamfj gb gl «Djlgtéb Jonanml Jonanml fgl Gstmfj». f) Eurmigbtj j prjigsm fg auiplnr ongligbtg lms jdln`manjbgs fgl amr`j y `umrfmr y hmagr `umrfmr lm Ajbstntuanñb ajij bjrim oubfmigbtml. g) Vjim fg pjsgsnñb fgbtrj fgl plmzj gstmdlganfj. Lm ajbfnanñb fg Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sg pngrfg gb ljs sn`ungbtgs supugstjs5 m) Sjr rgbubanm vjlubtmrnm imbnogstmfm pjr gsarntj y magptmfm magptmfm gxprgsmigbtg pjr gl Inbnstgrnj fg EustnEustnanm. d) Sjr pîrfnfm fg lm bmanjbmlnfmf gspmýjlm. a) Sjr smbanñb fnsanplnbmrnm fg sgpmrmanñb fgl sgrvnanj. f) Sjr nbhmdnlntmanñb mdsjlutm j gspganml nipugstm ajij pgbm prnbanpml j maagsjrnm pjr pjr ljs trndubmlgs aumbfj lm insim sgm onrig. g) Sjr eudnlmanñb, sgm vjlubtmrnm vjlubtmrnm j ojrzjsm, j pjr nbampmanfmf pgrimbgbtg pmrm gl sgrvnanj. o) Sjr ajbfgbm m pgbm fg prnvmtnvm fg lndgrtmf supgrnjr m trgs mýjs pjr rmzñb fg fglntj fjljsj.
gfntjrnml } agp
60>
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4
G. Gsamlmoñb Gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm mprjdmrí amfm mýj gl gsamlmoñb fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, qug sg pudlnamrí gb gl “Djlgtéb Jonanml fgl Gstmfj’ y ajiprgbfgrí ljs fmtjs pgrsjbmlgs y prjogsnjbmlgs qug sg gstmdlgzamb rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg.
O. Fgrgahjs Ljs oubanjbmrnjs fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm tgbfríb n`umlgs fgrgahjs nbfnvnfumlgs, ajlgatnvjs y fgdgrgs, qug ljs gstmdlganfjs gb gl Lndrj _N fg lm LJSE, rn`ngbfj ajb amríatgr suplgtjrnj lj fnspugstj gb gl Gstmtutj Dísnaj fgl Giplgmfj Sõdlnaj y gl rgstj fg lm bjrimtnvm gstmtml sjdrg oubanñb põdlnam. Qnb pgreunanj fg su fgsmrrjllj y ajbarganñb gb gl rg`lmigbtj jr`íbnaj, sg rgajbjagb ljs sn`ungbtgs fgrgahjs prjogsnjbmlgs5 m) Lndrmbzms, gb mquglljs mquglljs amsjs gb qug sg prgstg ubm fgfnamanñb j sgrvnanj bj rgtrndunfj, gb ljs tîrinbjs qug sg fgtgrinbgb rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg. d) Gspganmlnzmanñb prjogsnjbml gb mquglljs íidntjs, ñrfgbgs y imtgrnms qug rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg sg fgtgrinbgb. a) Lndrg msjanmanñb prjogsnjbml. f) M qug sus msjanmanjbgs prjogsnjbmlgs sgmb jéfms gb tjfms mqugllms imtgrnms qug mogatgb m su gstmtutj jr`íbnaj.
Mtgbanñb Qg`õb lj gstmdlganfj gb gl mrt. 168 fg lm LJSE, y qug ajij hgijs vnstj, rgsultm mplnamdlg m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, ljs eugags y im`nstrmfjs pugfgb hmllmrsg gb ml`ubm fg lms sntumanjbgs sn`ungbtgs5 m) Qgrvnanj matnvj d) Qgrvnanjs gspganmlgs a) Gxagfgbanm vjlubtmrnm f) Quspgbsnñb fg oubanjbgs. g) Gxagfgbanm pjr rmzñb fg vnjlgbanm sjdrg lm iuegr.
683
Gl rî`nigb gstmdlganfj mbtgrnjrigbtg sgrí mplnamdlg m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sustntutjs, gb lm igfnfm gb qug lm bmturmlgzm fgl fgrgahj lj pgrintm.
@. Qntumanjbgs mfinbnstrmtnvms Lms sntumanjbgs mfinbnstrmtnvms gb qug sg pugfmb hmllmr ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, msé ajij su eudnlmanñb, sgríb n`umlgs y prjagfgrí su fgalmrmanñb gb ljs supugstjs y ajb ljs gogatjs gstmdlganfjs gb lm LJSE pmrm Eugags y Im`nstrmfjs. Bj jdstmbtg, ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm qug sg prgsgbtgb ajij ambfnfmtjs pmrm maagfgr m amr`js põdlnajs rgprgsgbtmtnvjs gb gl Smrlmigbtj Gurjpgj, Ajb`rgsj fg ljs Fnputmfjs, Qgbmfj, Msmidlgms Lg`nslmtnvms fg lms Ajiubnfmfgs Mutñbjims j Ajrpjrmanjbgs ljamlgs, pjfríb sgr fnspgbsmfjs, prgvnm sjlnantuf, fg lm prgstmanñb fgl sgrvnanj gb sus rgspgatnvms jonanbms eufnanmlgs, furmbtg gl tngipj fg furmanñb fg lm amipmým glgatjrml. Gstg pgrinsj pjfrí sgr ajbagfnfj pjr gl Qgargtmrnj @gbgrml fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm. Msninsij, pjfríb hmllmrsg gb sntumanñb fg sgrvnanjs gspganmlgs ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm qug sgmb fgsn`bm
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml fjs Gbamr`mfjs fgl Tg`nstrj Anvnl ajbojrig m lj fnspugstj gb lm Lgy fgl Tg`nstrj Anvnl y sus bjrims fg fgsmrrjllj. Gstmríb suegtjs m lms insims nbampmanfmfgs, nbajipmtndnlnfmfgs y prjhndnanjbgs ajb gxagpanñb fg lms prgvnstms gb gl mrtéaulj 1>7 LJSE. Lgy Jr`íbnam ?/=>87, fg = fg eulnj, fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml Mrtéaulj 1>7 Bj pjfríb ljs Eugags j Im`nstrmfjs pgrtgbgagr m pmrtnfjs pjlétnajs j snbfnamtjs j tgbgr giplgj ml sgrvnanj fg ljs insijs, y lgs gstmrí prjhndnfj5 =.µ Fnrn`nr m ljs pjfgrgs, mutjrnfmfgs y oubanjbmrnjs oubanjbmrnjs põdlnajs j Ajrpjrmanjbgs jonanmlgs oglnantmanjbgs j agbsurms pjr sus matjs, bn ajbaurrnr, gb su amlnfmf fg ingidrjs fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml, m aumlgsqungrm matjs j rgubnjbgs põdlnams qug bj tgb`mb amríatgr amríatgr eufnanml, gxagptj mqugllms qug tgb`mb pjr jdegtj auiplnigbtmr ml Tgy j pmrm lms qug hudngrmb snfj ajbvjamfjs j mutjrnzmfjs m msnstnr pjr gl Ajbsgej @gbgrml fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. 4.µ Vjimr gb lms glgaanjbgs lg`nslmtnvms j ljamlgs iís pmrtg qug lm fg gintnr su vjtj pgrsjbml. Gstj bj jdstmbtg, gegragríb lms oubanjbgs y auiplnigbtmríb au iplnigbtmríb ljs fgdgrgs nbhgrgbtgs m sus amr`js.
H. Mdstgbanñb y rgausmanñb Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm fgdgríb mdstgbgrsg gb ljs amsjs gstmdlganfjs pmrm ljs Eugags y Im`nstrmfjs y, sn bj lj hnangrmb, pjfríb sgr rgausmfjs. Lm mdstgbanñb sg ojriulmrí pjr gsarntj ijtnvmfj fnrn`nfj ml Qgargtmrnj Ajjrfnbmfjr Srjvnbanml, qungb fganfnrí lm augstnñb. Gb amsj fg ajbonrimrsg lm mdstgbanñb, gl Lgtrmfj L gtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm qug sg hmym mdstgbnfj fgdg sgr rggiplmzmfj pjr su sustntutj lg`ml; gb amsj fg fgbg`mrsg, fgdgrí mquîl ajbtnbumr matumbfj gb gl msubtj. Qgríb mplnamdlgs m lm rgausmanñb fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm lms prgsarnpanjbgs qug gstmdlgag lm LJSE pmrm Eugags y Im`nstrmfjs gb gl mrtéaulj 441, ajb lms sn`ungbtgs gxagpanjbgs5 m) Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm bj pjfríb sgr rgausmfjs furmbtg furmbtg lm príatnam fg aumlqungr fnln`gbanm j matumanñb fg qug gstuvngrgb gbamr`mfjs. d) Lm pngzm fg rgausmanñb sg rgsjlvgrí pjr gl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj. a) Srgsgbtmfj gl gsarntj fg rgausmanñb, gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm rgausmfj nbojrimrí fgtmllmfmigbtg pjr gsarntj sn rgajbjag j bj ajij angrtm y lg`étnim lm amusm mlg`mfm. f) Aumbfj gl rgausmfj rgajbjzam ajij angrtm lm amusm fg lm rgausmanñb, gl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj lg tgbfrí pjr rgausmfj igfnmbtg fgargtj, sn gstnim qug lm amusm gs lg`ml. Qn gstnim qug lm amusm bj gs fg lms tnpnonamfms gb lm lgy, fgalmrmrí bj hmdgr lu`mr m lm rgausmanñb. Ajbtrm gl fgargtj sjdrg rgausmanñb bj sg fmrí rgaursj ml`ubj. g) Aumbfj gl rgausmfj bng`ug lm agrtgzm fg lm amusm mlg`mfm ajij oubfmigbtj fg lm rgausmanñb, gl nbstruatjr, sn mfintngrg m tríintg lm rgausmanñb prjpugstm, jrfgbmrí lm príatnam, gb gl plmzj fg fngz féms, fg lm prugdm sjlnantmfm qug sgm pgrtnbgbtg y lm qug gstnig bgagsmrnm, fíbfjsg trmslmfj fg lms insims ml Inbnstgrnj Onsaml pmrm nbojrig pjr plmzj fg trgs féms. Vrmbsaurrnfj gsg plmzj, ajb j snb nbojrig fgl Inbnstgrnj Onsaml, sg fganfnrí lm rgausmanñb fgbtrj fg ljs anbaj féms sn`ungbtgs. Ajbtrm fnahm rgsjluanñb bj amdrí rgaursj ml`ubj.
gfntjrnml } agp
68=
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4 o) Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm rgausmfj, fgsfg gl ijigbtj ijigbtj gb qug sgm prgsgbtmfj gl gsarntj fg rgausmanñb, sgrí rggiplmzmfj pjr su sustntutj lg`ml.
N. Tgtrnduanjbgs Lms rgtrnduanjbgs sgríb dísnams y ajiplgigbtmrnms. Ljs ajbagptjs rgtrndutnvjs dísnajs sgríb n`umlgs m ljs gstmdlganfjs gb lm Lgy pmrm lm Amrrgrm Eufnanml. Ljs ajbagptjs rgtrndutnvjs ajiplgigbtmrnjs sgríb ljs sn`ungbtgs5 m) Gl ajiplgigbtj `gbgrml fg pugstj, pugstj, qug rgtrnduyg lms amrmatgréstnams amrmatgréstnams `gbgrmlgs fg ljs insijs; d) Gl ajiplgigbtj gspgaéonaj, õbnaj pmrm amfm pugstj fg trmdmej y fgstnbmfj m rgtrndunr lms ajbfnanjbgs pmrtnaulmrgs fg ljs insijs; a) Gl ajiplgigbtj fg prjfuatnvnfmf, prjfuatnvnfmf, fgstnbmfj m rgtrndunr gl gspganml rgbfningbtj, lm matnvnfmf gxtrmjrfnbmrnm y gl nbtgrîs j nbnanmtnvm ajb qug gl oubanjbmrnj fgsgipgýg su trmdmej, msé ajij su pmrtnanpmanñb gb ljs prj`rmims ajbargtjs fg matumanñb y gb lm ajbsgauanñb fg ljs jdegtnvjs qug sg fgtgrinbgb pjr gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, jéfj gl Ajbsgej @gbgrml fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml, y bg`janmfjs ajb lms jr`mbnzmanjbgs snbfnamlgs iís rgprgsgbtmtnvms. Vmidnîb sg pjfrí rgtrndunr igfnmbtg gstg ajiplgigbtj lm pmrtnanpmanñb pmrtnanpmanñb fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb ljs prj`rmims j gb lm ajbsgauanñb fg ljs jdegtnvjs qug sg hmymb fgtgrinbmfj pjr ljs ñr`mbjs ajipgtgbtgs fg lms ajiubnfmfgs mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms msuinfms pmrm lms jonanbms eufnanmlgs fg su tgrrntjrnj, sngiprg qug gxnstm mutjrnzmanñb prgvnm fgl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm. M tml tml gogatj, sg gstmdlgagríb ljs igambnsijs fg ajjrfnbmanñb ajjrfnbmanñb bgagsmrnjs gbtrg lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Mfinbnstrmanjbgs ajipgtgbtgs. f) Lms `rmtnonamanjbgs, fgstnbmfms m rgtrndunr ljs sgrvnanjs fg amríatgr gxtrmjrfnbmrnj gxtrmjrfnbmrnj prgstmfjs ougrm fg lm ejrbmfm bjriml fg trmdmej. Mfgiís fg lms rgtrnduanjbgs sgýmlmfms mbtgrnjrigbtg, ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm pjfríb pgrandnr lms sn`ungbtgs rgtrnduanjbgs, qug tngbgb lm ajbfnanñb fg gspganmlgs5 m) Lms ajrrgspjbfngbtgs m fgsgipgýj fg sgrvnanjs fg `umrfnm. d) Lms ajrr ajrrgspj gspjbfng bfngbtg btgss m sust sustntua ntuanjbg njbgss qug nipl niplnqug nqugb b gl fgs fgsgipg gipgýj ýj ajbeu ajbeubtj btj fg jtrm ouba oubanñb, nñb, mfgiís fg mqugllms fg lms qug sgm tntulmr. Gstms rgtrnduanjbgs sgríb ajipmtndlgs ajb tjfjs ljs ajbagptjs rgtrndutnvjs prgvnstjs mbtgrnjrigbtg. Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sustntutjs pgrandnríb lms rgtrnduanjbgs ajrrgspjbfngbtgs ml pugstj fg trmdmej fgsgipgýmfj. Qg rgajbjagríb ljs trngbnjs ajrrgspjbfngbtgs m ljs sgrvnanjs prgstmfjs qug tgbfríb gogatjs rgtrndutnvjs ajbojrig m lj gstmdlganfj gb lm bjrimtnvm vn`gbtg pmrm ljs oubanjbmrnjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb @gbgrml fgl Gstmfj. Gstg rgajbjaningbtj sg gogatumrí prgvnm sjlnantuf fgl nbtgrgsmfj. Lm aumbtém fgl suglfj sg gstmdlgagrí pmrm amfm ubm fg lms amtg`jréms gb qug sg gstruaturm gl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm y lm mbtn`ügfmf sg rgiubgrmrí igfnmbtg ub nbargigbtj suagsnvj fgl anbaj pjr angbtj fgl suglfj nbnanml ajrrgspjbfngbtg m lm amtg`jrém fg nb`rgsj pjr amfm trgs mýjs fg sgrvnanj. Gb tjfj amsj sg rgspgtmrí lm aumbtém fg ljs trngbnjs rgajbjanfm m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm pgrtgbgangbtgs ml gxtnb`unfj Augrpj fg ljs Qgargtmrnjs fg Im`nstrmturm fg Vrmdmej. Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm tgbfríb fgrgahj m pgrandnr fjs pm`ms gxtrmjrfnbmrnms ml mýj pjr nipjrtg, amfm ubm fg gllms, fg ubm igbsumlnfmf fg suglfj y mbtn`ügfmf y, gb su amsj, ubm ambtnfmf prjpjranjbml fgl ajiplgigbtj `gbgrml fg pugstj, gb ljs tîrinbjs qug sg onegb pjr lgy
684
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml pmrm lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, qug sg hmríb gogatnvms gb ljs igsgs fg eubnj y fnangidrg, sngiprg qug ljs pgragptjrgs gstuvngrmb gb sgrvnanj matnvj j ajb fgrgahj m fgvgb`j fgl suglfj gl fém prnigrj fg ljs igsgs nbfnamfjs. Sjr gl @jdngrbj, igfnmbtg rgml fgargtj, m prjpugstm ajbeubtm fg ljs Inbnstrjs fg Eustnanm y Hmangbfm, sg fgtgrinbmríb ljs fnogrgbtgs tnpjs fg pugstjs mfsarntjs m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm m gogatjs fgl ajiplgigbtj `gbgrml fg pugstj, lm msn`bmanñb nbnanml fg ljs ajiplgigbtjs gspgaéonajs qug ajrrgspjbfmb y lms rgtrnduanjbgs qug prjagfmb pjr sustntuanjbgs qug niplnqugb gl fgsgipgýj ajbeubtj fg jtrm oubanñb.
Qmdém qug Lm aumbtém fg lms rgtrnduanjbgs dísnams y fg ljs ajiplgigbtjs `gbgrmlgs fg pugstj vgbfrí fgtgrinbmfm gb lm Lgy fg Srgsupugstjs @gbgrmlgs fgl Gstmfj pmrm amfm mýj.
Lm ajbarganñb fg lm aumbtém nbfnvnfuml fgl ajiplgigbtj fg prjfuatnvnfmf y lm fgtgrinbmanñb fgl bõigrj fg oubanjbmrnjs ajb fgrgahj m su pgragpanñb, sg llgvmríb m amdj igfnmbtg rgsjluanñb fgl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, prgvnm bg`janmanñb ajb lms jr`mbnzmanjbgs snbfnamlgs iís rgprgsgbtmtnvms. Igfnmbtg jrfgb inbnstgrnml, m prjpugstm ajbeubtm fg ljs Inbnstrjs fg Eustnanm y fg Hmangbfm, prgvnm bg`janmanñb ajb lms jr`mbnzmanjbgs snbfnamlgs, sg prjagfgrí m lm fgtgrinbmanñb fg lm rgiubgrmanñb pjr sgrvnanj fg `umrfnm. Lm msn`bmanñb nbfnvnfuml fg lm aumbtém fg lms `rmtnonamanjbgs y lm onemanñb fg ljs arntgrnjs pmrm su pgragpanñb sg fgtgrinbmríb pjr rgsjluanñb fgl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm.
E. Oubanjbmrnjs gb príatnams Ljs oubanjbmrnjs qug sg gbaugbtrgb gb pgrnjfj fg príatnams j fgsmrrjllmbfj aursjs sglgatnvjs m ljs qug sg rgongrg gl mrtéaulj 687 fg lm LJSE sgríb bjidrmfjs oubanjbmrnjs gb príatnams y pgrandnríb ubm rgtrnduanñb gqunvmlgbtg ml suglfj y lms pm`ms gxtrmjrfnbmrnms ajrrgspjbfngbtgs ml Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm fg lm tgragrm amtg`jrém. Ljs oubanjbmrnjs gb príatnams qug ym gstuvngsgb prgstmbfj sgrvnanjs rgiubgrmfjs gb lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, furmbtg gl pgrnjfj fg príatnams bj pjfríb pgrandnr rgiubgrmanñb ml`ubm pjr gl pugstj fg trmdmej fg jrn`gb y pjfríb jptmr pjr ubm rgiubgrmanñb fg n`uml nipjrtg m lm qug lgs ajrrgspjbfém gb gl pugstj fg trmdmej fg jrn`gb j pjr lm qug lgs ajrrgspjbfm ajij oubanjbmrnj gb príatnams, fg maugrfj ajb lj fnspugstj gb gl mpmrtmfj mbtgrnjr. Qn lms príatnams sg rgmlnzmsgb fgsgipgýmbfj ub pugstj fg trmdmej, gl nipjrtg sgýmlmfj gb gl pírrmoj prnigrj sg nbargigbtmrí gb lms rgtrnduanjbgs ajiplgigbtmrnms fg fnahj pugstj.
gfntjrnml } agp
681
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4
K. Srjvnsnñb fg pugstjs fg trmdmej Lm prjvnsnñb fg pugstjs fg trmdmej sg llgvmrí m amdj pjr gl prjagfningbtj fg ajbaursj, qug sgrí gl snstgim jrfnbmrnj fg prjvnsnñb. Aumbfj sg trmtg fg pugstjs fg amríatgr fnrgatnvj j fg gspganml rgspjbsmdnlnfmf, pjfríb audrnrsg pjr gl prjagfningbtj fg lndrg fgsn`bmanñb. Ljs pugstjs fg trmdmej fg Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb gl Vrndubml Quprgij sg audrnríb pjr gl snstgim fg lndrg fgsn`bmanñb gbtrg mquglljs ambfnfmtjs qug pgrtgbgzamb m lm prnigrm j sg`ubfm amtg`jrém, ajb ubm mbtn`ügfmf fg ml igbjs vgnbtg mýjs gb ubm fg gllms j gbtrg midms y qunbag mýjs fg sgrvnanj gb gl jrfgb eurnsfnaanjbml ajrrgspjbfngbtg.
Mtgbanñb Gxagpanjbmligbtg y aumbfj lms bgagsnfmfgs fgl sgrvnanj lj rgqungrmb, ljs pugstjs fg trmdmej tmidnîb pjfríb audrnrsg fg ojrim tgipjrml igfnmbtg mfsarnpanñb prjvnsnjbml j gb ajinsnñb fg sgrvnanjs.
Gl bjidrmingbtj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm pmrm pugstjs fg trmdmej rmfnamfjs gb gl íidntj tgrrntjrnml fg ubm Ajiubnfmf Mutñbjim ajb ajipgtgbanms msuinfms, qug hmymb fg audrnrsg pjr gstg prjagfningbtj, rgqugrnrí gl nbojrig prgvnj fgl ñr`mbj ajipgtgbtg fg fnahm Ajiubnfmf. Gb tjfj amsj, gl snstgim fg prjvnsnñb fgdgrí gstmr fgtgrinbmfj gb lms ajrrgspjbfngbtgs rglmanjbgs fg pugstjs fg trmdmej. Tg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg sg gstmdlgagríb lms bjrims y rgqunsntjs m ljs qug hmdríb fg meustmrsg ljs prjagfningbtjs fg prjvnsnñb fg pugstjs fg trmdmej. Gb tjfj amsj, pmrm pjfgr ajbaursmr fgdgrí hmdgr trmbsaurrnfj ub pgréjfj iébnij fg fjs mýjs, m ajbtmr fgsfg lm ogahm fg lm rgsjluanñb pjr lm qug sg ajbvjañ gl ajbaursj fg trmslmfjs gb gl qug gl oubanjbmrnj jdtuvj su õltnij fgstnbj fgonbntnvj, fgsfg fgs fg gl qug pmrtnanpm, j fgsfg lm ogahm fg lm rgsjluanñb gb lm qug sg lg mfeufnañ fgstnbj fgonbntnvj, sn sg trmtm fg oubanjbmrnjs fg bugvj nb`rgsj. Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm qug bj tgb`m fgstnbj fgonbntnvj, jdln`mfjs m pmrtnanpmr gb ljs ajbaursjs fg maugrfj ajb lm bjrimtnvm vn`gbtg, gstíb gxalunfjs fg gstm lnintmanñb tgipjrml. Gb mqugllms ajiubnfmfgs mutñbjims qug `jagb fg fgrgahj anvnl, ojrml j gspganml, y fg nfnjim jonanml prjpnjs, gl ajbjaningbtj fg ljs insijs sg vmljrmrí ajij iîrntj.
L. Quplgbanms Lms suplgbanms pjr musgbanm, gbogrigfmf, suspgbsnñb j vmambtg fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sgríb audngrtms pjr qungb fgsn`bg su nbigfnmtj supgrnjr egrírqunaj. Gstm fgsn`bmanñb fgdgrí rgamgr gb jtrj Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, qug sg fgbjinbmrí Lgtrmfj suplgbtg. M tml gogatj ljs Qgargtmrnjs fg @jdngrbj glmdjrmríb ubm rglmanñb fg ljs ingidrjs fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm qug vjlubtmrnmigbtg qungrmb pmrtnanpmr gb ljs plmbgs 686
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml mbumlgs fg suplgbanms. Fg bj gxnstnr vjlubtmrnj, sg fgsn`bmrí, ajb amríatgr ojrzjsj, ml suplgbtg jrfnbmrnj qug sg fgsn`bg ajbojrig m lj prgvnstj gb gl bõigrj mbtgrnjr. Ljs llmimingbtjs qug tgb`mb lu`mr ajbojrig m lj gstmdlganfj gb gstg prgagptj sgríb rgtrndunfjs gb ljs amsjs y aumbtém qug sg fgtgrinbgb rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg. Gxagpanjbmligbtg, aumbfj bj hudngrm suonangbtg bõigrj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, gb ljs supugstjs fg gbtrmfms y rg`nstrjs gb lu`mrgs agrrmfjs majrfmfjs pjr ub õbnaj ñr`mbj eufnanml fg lm Mufngbanm Bmanjbml y qug fgdmb sgr rgmlnzmfjs fg ojrim sniultíbgm, pjfríb ljs oubanjbmrnjs fgl Augrpj fg @gstnñb Srjagsml y Mfinbnstrmtnvm, gb sustntuanñb fgl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, nbtgrvgbnr gb amlnfmf fg ogfmtmrnjs y lgvmbtmr lm ajrrgspjbfngbtg matm. Aumbfj bj ougrm pjsndlg prjagfgr m lm suplgbanm ajbojrig m lj prgvnstj mbtgrnjrigbtg, y gxnstm fnspjbndnlnfmf prgsupugstmrnm, pjfrí prjagfgrsg ml bjidrmingbtj fg ub Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sustntutj, sngiprg qug auiplm auiplm ljs rgqunsntjs fg tntulmanñb gxn`nfjs pmrm gl nb`rgsj gb gl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm. M ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sustntutjs sg lgs mplnamrí gl insij rî`nigb euréfnaj qug m ljs tntulmrgs, gb lm igfnfm gb qug su bmturmlgzm lj pgrintm, qugfmbfj nbtg`rmfjs gb gl Tî`nigb @gbgrml fg lm Qg`urnfmf Qjanml. Fg gxnstnr oubanjbmrnjs pgrtgbgangbtgs ml Augrpj fg @gstnñb Srjagsml y Mfinbnstrmtnvm nbalunfjs gb lm ajrrgspjbfngbtg djlsm, sgríb llmimfjs ajij Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sustntutjs ajb prgogrgbanm sjdrg gl rgstj fg sustntutjs, imbtgbngbfj su nbalusnñb jdln`mtjrnm tmbtj gb gl rî`nigb fg lm Qg`urnfmf Qjanml qug rgsultg mplnamdlg ajij gb gl Iutumlnsij Eufnanml.
=.4 Lms oubanjbgs fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm M. Fgsgipgýj fg sus oubanjbgs oubanjbgs Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm fgsgipgýmríb sus oubanjbgs ajb sueganñb ml prnbanpnj fg lg`mlnfmf g nipmranmlnfmf gb tjfj amsj, ml fg mutjbjiém g nbfgpgbfgbanm gb gl gegrananj fg lm og põdlnam eufnanml, msé ajij ml fg ubnfmf fg matumanñb y fgpgbfgbanm egrírqunam gb tjfms lms fgiís qug lgs g bajingbfgb gstm lgy y lms bjrims fg prjagfningbtj rgspgatnvj, msé ajij su rg`lmigbtj jr`íbnaj. Lms oubanjbgs fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm bj sgríb jdegtj fg fglg`manñb bn fg hmdnlntmanñb, snb pgreunanj fg lj gstmdlganfj gb gl mrtéaulj 67=.1. Lgy Jr`íbnam ?/=>87, fg = fg eulnj, fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml Mrtéaulj 67= 1. Gxagpanjbmligbtg, aumbfj bj hudngrm suonangbtg bõigrj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, gb ljs supugstjs supu gstjs fg gbtrmfms y rg`nstrjs gb lu`mrgs agrrmfjs majrfmfjs pjr ub õbnaj ñr`mbj eufnanml fg lm Mufngbanm Bmanjbml y qug fgdmb sgr rgmlnzmfjs fg ojrim sniultíbgm, pjfríb ljs oubanjbmrnjs fgl Augrpj fg @gstnñb Srjagsml y Mfinbnstrmtnvm, gb sustntuanñb fgl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, nbtgrvgbnr gb amlnfmf fg ogfmtmrnjs y lgvmbtmr lm ajrrgspjbfngbtg matm.
Gb gl gegrananj fg sus oubanjbgs, ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm auiplnríb y vglmríb pjr gl auiplningbtj fg tjfms lms fgansnjbgs qug mfjptgb ljs eugags j trndubmlgs gb gl íidntj fg sus ajipgtgbanms. Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm ajlmdjrmríb ajb lms ajiubnfmfgs mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms msuinfms pmrm lm gogatnvnfmf fg lms oubanjbgs qug gstms jstgbtmb gb imtgrnm fg igfnjs pgrsjbmlgs y imtgrnmlgs, fmbfj auiplningbtj m lms nbstruaanjbgs qug m tml gogatj rgandmb fg sus supggfntjrnml } agp
687
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4 rnjrgs egrírqunajs. Smrm ubm igejr ajjrfnbmanñb pjfríb ajbstntunrsg Ajinsnjbgs Inxtms fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm y rgprgsgbtmbtgs fg lms ajiubnfmfgs mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms msuinfms, gb sus rgspgatnvjs íidntjs tgrrntjrnmlgs.
D. Og põdlnam eufnanml Ajrrgspjbfg m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, ajb gxalusnvnfmf y plgbntuf, gl gegrananj fg lm og põdlnam eufnanml. Gb gl gegrananj fg gstm oubanñb, fgemríb ajbstmbanm oghmangbtg fg lm rgmlnzmanñb fg matjs prjagsmlgs gb gl Vrndubml j mbtg îstg y fg lm prjfuaanñb fg hgahjs ajb trmsagbfgbanm prjagsml igfnmbtg lms jpjrtubms matms y fnln`gbanms. Aumbfj sg utnlnagb igfnjs tîabnajs fg `rmdmanñb j rgprjfuaanñb, lms vnstms sg pjfríb fgsmrrjllmr snb lm nbtgrvgbanñb fgl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, gb ljs tîrinbjs prgvnstjs gb lm lgy. Gb tjfj amsj, gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm `mrmbtnzmrí lm mutgbtnanfmf g nbtg`rnfmf fg lj `rmdmfj j rgprjfuanfj. Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gxpgfnríb agrtnonamanjbgs j tgstnijbnjs fg lms matumanjbgs eufnanmlgs bj fgalmrmfms sgargtms bn rgsgrvmfms m lms pmrtgs, ajb gxprgsnñb fg su fgstnbmtmrnj y gl onb pmrm gl auml sg sjlnantmb. Mutjrnzmríb y fjauigbtmríb gl jtjr`mingbtj fg pjfgrgs pmrm plgntjs, gb ljs tîrinbjs gstmdlganfjs gb lms lgygs prjagsmlgs. Gb gl gegrananj fg gstm oubanñb bj prgansmríb fg lm nbtgrvgbanñb mfnanjbml fg tgstn`js.
A. Oubanñb fg fjauigbtmanñb Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sjb rgspjbsmdlgs fg lm oubanñb fg fjauigbtmanñb qug lgs gs prjpnm, msé ajij fg lm ojrimanñb fg ljs mutjs y gxpgfngbtgs, fgembfj ajbstmbanm fg lms rgsjluanjbgs qug fnatgb ljs eugags y im`nstrmfjs, j glljs insijs aumbfj msé lj mutjrnag lm lgy. Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gegragríb ajipgtgbanms fg jr`mbnzmanñb, `gstnñb, nbspgaanñb y fnrgaanñb fgl pgrsjbml gb mspgatjs tîabnajs prjagsmlgs, msg`urmbfj gb tjfj amsj lm ajjrfnbmanñb ajb ljs ñr`mbjs fg `jdngrbj fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml y ajb lms ajiubnfmfgs mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms trmbsogrnfms. @mrmbtnzmríb qug gl rgpmrtj fg msubtjs sg rgmlnzm fg ajbojrinfmf ajb lms bjrims qug m tml gogatj mprugdgb lms Qmlms fg @jdngrbj fg ljs Vrndubmlgs fg Eustnanm y sgríb rgspjbsmdlgs fgl dugb oubanjbmingbtj fgl rg`nstrj fg rgagpanñb fg fjauigbtjs, gxpnfngbfj gb su amsj lms agrtnonamanjbgs qug gb gstm imtgrnm sgmb sjlnantmfms pjr lms pmrtgs. Omanlntmríb m lms pmrtgs nbtgrgsmfms y m aumbtjs imbnongstgb y eustnonqugb ub nbtgrîs lg`étnij y fnrgatj, lm nbojrimanñb qug sjlnantgb sjdrg gl gstmfj fg lms matumanjbgs eufnanmlgs bj fgalmrmfms sgargtms bn rgsgrvmfms. Srjijvgríb gl giplgj fg ljs igfnjs tîabnajs, mufnjvnsumlgs g nbojriítnajs fg fjauigbtmanñb ajb qug augbtg lm ubnfmf fjbfg prgstmb sus sgrvnanjs.
F. Jr`mbnzmanñb fg fg lm fmanñb fg fg augbtm Qgrí rgspjbsmdnlnfmf fgl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm jr`mbnzmr lm fmanñb fg augbtm, qug sg rgmlnzmrí gb ljs tîrinbjs gstmdlganfjs gb lms lgygs prjagsmlgs.
G. Nipulsj fgl prjagsj Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm nipulsmrí gl prjagsj gb ljs tîrinbjs qug gstmdlgagb lms lgygs prjagsmlgs. 68?
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml M tml gogatj, fnatmrí lms rgsjluanjbgs bgagsmrnms pmrm lm trmintmanñb fgl prjagsj, smlvj mquîllms qug lms lgygs prjagsmlgs rgsgrvgb m Eugags j Vrndubmlgs. Gstms rgsjluanjbgs sg fgbjinbmríb fnln`gbanms, qug pjfríb sgr fg jrfgbmanñb, fg ajbstmbanm, fg ajiubnamanñb j fg gegauanñb. Qg llmimrí fgargtj m lm rgsjluanñb qug fnatg gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm ajb gl onb fg mfintnr lm fgimbfm, pjbgr tîrinbj ml prjagfningbtj fgl qug tgb`m mtrndunfm gxalusnvm ajipgtgbanm, j aumbfj sgm prgansj j ajbvgbngbtg rmzjbmr su fgansnñb. Qgrí sngiprg ijtnvmfj y ajbtgbfrí, gb pírrmojs sgpmrmfjs y buigrmfjs, ljs mbtgagfgbtgs fg hgahj y ljs oubfmigbtjs fg fgrgahj gb qug sg dmsm. Lms fnln`gbanms fg jrfgbmanñb y ljs fgargtjs sgríb rgaurrndlgs gb ljs amsjs y ojrims prgvnstjs gb lms lgygs prjagsmlgs. Lms rgsjluanjbgs fg amríatgr `udgrbmtnvj fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sg fgbjinbmríb maugrfjs. Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, aumbfj msé lj prgvgmb lms lgygs prjagsmlgs, tgbfríb ajipgtgbanms gb lms sn`ungbtgs imtgrnms5 m) Gegauanñb, smlvj mqugllms ajipgtgbanms qug gxagptõgb lms lgygs prjagsmlgs pjr gstmr rgsgrvmfms m Eugags y Im`nstrmfjs. d) Eurnsfnaanñb vjlubtmrnm, msuingbfj su trmintmanñb y rgsjluanñb, snb pgreunanj fg ljs rgaursjs qug qugpm nbtgrpjbgr. a) Ajbanlnmanñb, llgvmbfj m amdj lm lmdjr igfnmfjrm qug lgs sgm prjpnm. f) Vrmintmanñb y, gb su amsj, rgsjluanñb fg ljs prjagfningbtjs prjagfningbtjs ijbntjrnjs. g) Igfnmanñb. o) Aumlgsqungrm jtrms qug gxprgsmigbtg sg prgvgmb.
O. Fnrgaanñb tîabnaj-prjagsml fgl pgrsjbml Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm fnrn`nríb gb gl mspgatj tîabnaj-prjagsml ml pgrsjbml nbtg`rmbtg fg lm Jonanbm eufnanml, jrfgbmbfj su matnvnfmf g nipmrtngbfj lms ñrfgbgs g nbstruaanjbgs qug gstnig pgrtnbgbtgs gb gl gegrananj fg gstm oubanñb.
@. Mrahnvj Eufnanml fg @gstnñb Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sgríb rgspjbsmdlgs fgl Mrahnvj Eufnanml fg @gstnñb, gb gl qug, fg ajbojrinfmf ajb lm bjrimtnvm gstmdlganfm ml gogatj, sg ajbsgrvmríb y austjfnmríb mquglljs mutjs y gxpgfngbtgs auym trmintmanñb bj gstî onbmlnzmfm, smlvj gl tngipj gb qug gstuvngrgb gb pjfgr fgl eugz j fgl im`nstrmfj pjbgbtg u jtrjs im`nstrmfjs nbtg`rmbtgs fgl trndubml. Sjr rgml fgargtj sg gstmdlgagríb lms bjrims rg`ulmfjrms fg lm jrfgbmanñb y mrahnvj fg mutjs y gxpgfngbtgs qug bj gstuvngsgb pgbfngbtgs fg matumanñb ml`ubm, msé ajij fgl gxpur`j fg ljs mrahnvjs eufnanmlgs. Ajb amríatgr `gbgrml sg prjagfgrí m lm fgstruaanñb fg mutjs y gxpgfngbtgs eufnanmlgs trmbsaurrnfjs sgns mýjs fgsfg lm onrigzm fg lm rgsjluanñb qug fg imbgrm fgonbntnvm pusj tîrinbj ml prjagfningbtj qug fnj lu`mr m lm ojrimanñb fg mquîlljs. Qg gxagptõmb fg lj mbtgrnjr mquîlljs ojrimfjs pmrm lm nbstruaanñb fg amusms pgbmlgs sg`unfms pjr fglntj, msé ajij ljs supugstjs qug rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg pufngsgb sgr ajbtgiplmfjs, gspganmligbtg gb mtgbanñb ml vmljr aulturml, sjanml j hnstñrnaj fg lj mrahnvmfj. Srgvnmigbtg, gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm ajbagfgrí mufngbanm pjr ub tngipj bj nbogrnjr m qunbag féms m lms pmrtgs qug gstuvngrjb pgrsjbmfms pmrm qug nbtgrgsgb, gb su amsj, gl fgs`ljsg fg mquglljs fjauigbtjs jrn`nbmlgs qug hudngsgb mpjrtmfj j gegrantgb ljs fgrgahjs qug lm LJSE lgs rgajbjag gb ljs mrtéauljs 416 y 417. gfntjrnml } agp
680
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4
Vjig bjtm Ajrrgspjbfg ml Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm lm fgtgrinbmanñb fg ljs lndrjs fg rg`nstrj qug hmb fg gxnstnr gb ljs euz`mfjs y trndubmlgs y gstmdlgagr lms bjrims rg`ulmfjrms fg lm llgvmbzm fg ljs insijs igfnmbtg ljs rg`lmigbtjs jpjrtubjs.
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sgrí rgspjbsmdlg fg lm llgvmbzm fg ljs lndrjs fg rg`nstrj m trmvîs fg lms mplnamanjbgs nbojriítnams ajrrgspjbfngbtgs y, gb su fgogatj, imbumligbtg, nipmrtngbfj lms jpjrtubms nbstruaanjbgs ml pgrsjbml fg îl fgpgbfngbtg.
H. Fgpñsntj fg fg ljs dngbgs y jdegtjs Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm rgspjbfgríb fgl fgpñsntj fg ljs dngbgs y jdegtjs mogatjs m ljs gxpgfngbtgs eufnanmlgs, msé ajij fgl fg lms pngzms fg ajbvnaanñb gb lms amusms pgbmlgs, gb ljs ljamlgs fnspugstjs m tml onb. Vjfj gllj, snb pgreunanj fg lms gxagpanjbgs qug pugfmb gstmdlgagrsg rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg gb aumbtj ml fgstnbj qug fgdm fmrsg m îstjs gb supugstjs gspganmlgs. Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm rgspjbfgríb fgl fgdnfj fgpñsntj gb lms nbstntuanjbgs qug sg fgtgrinbgb fg aumbtms ambtnfmfgs y vmljrgs, ajbsn`bmanjbgs y onmbzms sg prjfuzamb, sn`ungbfj lms nbstruaanjbgs qug ml gogatj sg fnatgb.
N. @gstnñb fg trndutjs Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm ajlmdjrmríb ajb lm Mfinbnstrmanñb trndutmrnm gb lm `gstnñb fg ljs trndutjs qug lgs sgm gbajigbfmfm gb lm bjrimtnvm gspgaéonam.
E. Gstmféstnam eufnanml Lm gstmféstnam eufnanml, qug sg glmdjrmrí ajbojrig m ljs arntgrnjs qug sg gstmdlgzamb, sgrí rgspjbsmdnlnfmf fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm. Ljs Qgargtmrnjs fg @jdngrbj rgspgatnvjs vglmríb pjr su auiplningbtj ajbtrmstmbfj lm vgrmanfmf fg ljs fmtjs. Lm Gstmféstnam Eufnanml ajbstntuyg ub nbstruigbtj dísnaj ml sgrvnanj fg lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs põdlnams y fgl Ajbsgej @gbgrml fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml pmrm lm plmbnonamanñb, fgsmrrjllj y gegauanñb fg lms pjlétnams põdlnams rglmtnvms m lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm y, gb pmrtnaulmr, pmrm lms sn`ungbtgs onbmlnfmfgs5 m) Gl gegrananj fg lm pjlétnam lg`nslmtnvm fgl Gstmfj gb imtgrnm fg eustnanm. d) Lm ijfgrbnzmanñb fg lm jr`mbnzmanñb eufnanml. a) Lm plmbnonamanñb y `gstnñb fg ljs rgaursjs huimbjs y igfnjs imtgrnmlgs ml sgrvnanj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm. f) Gl gegrananj fg lm oubanñb fg nbspgaanñb sjdrg ljs euz`mfjs euz`mfjs y trndubmlgs. Lm Gstmféstnam Eufnanml msg`urmrí, gb gl imraj fg ub plmb fg trmbspmrgbanm, lm fnspjbndnlnfmf pgrimbgbtg y gb ajbfnanjbgs
688
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml fg n`umlfmf pjr lms Ajrtgs @gbgrmlgs, gl @jdngrbj, lms ajiubnfmfgs mutñbjims, gl Ajbsgej @gbgrml fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml y lm Onsamlém @gbgrml fgl Gstmfj fg nbojrimanñb matumlnzmfm, rn`urjsm y fgdnfmigbtg ajbtrmstmfm sjdrg lm matnvnfmf y amr`m fg trmdmej fg tjfjs ljs ñr`mbjs, sgrvnanjs y jonanbms eufnanmlgs fg Gspmým, msé ajij sjdrg lms amrmatgréstnams gstmféstnams fg ljs msubtjs sjigtnfjs m su ajbjaningbtj. Ljs anufmfmbjs tgbfríb plgbj maagsj m lm gstmféstnam eufnanml. Lm Ajinsnñb Bmanjbml fg Gstmféstnam Eufnanml, nbtg`rmfm pjr gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, ubm rgprgsgbtmanñb fg lms Ajiubnfmfgs Mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms gb lm imtgrnm, gl Ajbsgej @gbgrml fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml y lm Onsamlém @gbgrml fgl Gstmfj, mprjdmrí ljs plmbgs gstmféstnajs, `gbgrmlgs y gspganmlgs, fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm y gstmdlgagrí arntgrnjs ubnojrigs qug, gb su amsj, tgb`mb gb augbtm lm pgrspgatnvm fg `îbgrj y lm vmrnmdlg fg sgxj, y sgmb fg jdln`mfj auiplningbtj pmrm tjfjs sjdrg lm jdtgbanñb, trmtmingbtj nbojriítnaj, trmbsinsnñb y gxpljtmanñb fg ljs fmtjs gstmféstnajs fgl snstgim eufnanml gspmýjl. Lm gstruaturm, ajipjsnanñb y oubanjbgs fg lm Ajinsnñb Bmanjbml fg Gstmféstnam Eufnanml sgríb gstmdlganfms rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg pjr gl @jdngrbj, igfnmbtg rgml fgargtj, prgvnj nbojrig fgl Ajbsgej @gbgrml fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml, fgl Onsaml @gbgrml fgl Gstmfj, fg lm M`gbanm fg Srjtgaanñb fg Fmtjs y fg lms Ajiubnfmfgs Mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms gb lm imtgrnm. Ljs snstgims nbojriítnajs fg `gstnñb prjagsml fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm pgrintnríb gb tjfj amsj lm gxtrmaanñb mutjimtnzmfm fg lm tjtmlnfmf fg ljs fmtjs gxn`nfjs gb ljs ajrrgspjbfngbtgs djlgtnbgs gstmféstnajs. Bj jdstmbtg, lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs põdlnams ajb ajipgtgbanms gb imtgrnms fg Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm pjfríb llgvmr m amdj lms gxpljtmanjbgs fg jtrjs fmtjs gstmféstnajs qug pugfmb sgr rgamdmfjs m trmvîs fg ljs snstgims nbojriítnajs, sngiprg qug sg ajbsnfgrgb bgagsmrnms j õtnlgs pmrm su `gstnñb.
K. Jtrms oubanjbgs Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm msuinríb tjfms mquîllms jtrms oubanjbgs qug lg`ml y rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg sg gstmdlgzamb.
=.1 Tgspjbsmdnlnfm Tgspjbsmdnlnfmf f fnsanplnbmrnm M. Tg`lms `gbgrmlgs Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gstmríb suegtjs m rgspjbsmdnlnfmf fnsanplnbmrnm, gb ljs supugstjs y fg maugrfj ajb ljs prnbanpnjs qug sg gstmdlgagb gb lm LJSE.
gfntjrnml } agp
Nipjrtmbtg Mfgiís fg ljs mutjrgs, sgríb rgspjbsmdlgs fnsanplnbmrnmigbtg ljs supgrnjrgs qug tgbngbfj ajbjaningbtj fg ljs hgahjs, ljs ajbsnbtngrgb, msé ajij qungbgs nbfuegrmb j gbaudrngrmb lms omltms iuy `rmvgs y `rmvgs aumbfj fg fnahjs matjs sg fgrnvgb `rmvgs fmýjs pmrm lm Mfinbnstrmanñb j ljs anufmfmbjs.
68>
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4 Bj pjfrí nipjbgrsg smbanñb pjr lm ajinsnñb fg ubm omltm `rmvg j iuy `rmvg, snbj gb vnrtuf fg gxpgfngbtg fnsanplnbmrnj nbstrunfj ml gogatj, igfnmbtg gl prjagfningbtj qug sg gstmdlgzam gb gl rg`lmigbtj jr`íbnaj fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm qug sg fnatg gb fgsmrrjllj fg gstm Lgy. Smrm lm nipjsnanñb fg smbanjbgs pjr omltms lgvgs, bj sgrí prgagptnvm lm prgvnm nbstruaanñb fgl gxpgfngbtg, smlvj gl tríintg fg mufngbanm ml nbtgrgsmfj. Lms Ajiubnfmfgs Mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms msuinfms pjfríb pjbgr gb ajbjaningbtj fg ljs supgrnjrgs egrírqunajs fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm ajb fgstnbj gb jonanbms eufnanmlgs rmfnamfms gb su tgrrntjrnj, mqugllms ajbfuatms fg ljs insijs qug pugfmb nr gb fgtrnigbtj fgl fgdgr fg ajlmdjrmanñb gstmdlganfj gb gstm Lgy Jr`íbnam ajb lms Ajiubnfmfgs Mutñbjims. Lm mutjrnfmf ajipgtgbtg pmrm lm nbajmanñb y trmintmanñb fg ljs gxpgfngbtgs fnsanplnbmrnjs fmrí augbtm m mquîllms fg lms fgansnjbgs qug sg mfjptgb. Gl prjagfningbtj fnsanplnbmrnj qug sg gstmdlgzam gb fgsmrrjllj fg gstm lgy jr`íbnam fgdgrí `mrmbtnzmr ml Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm gxpgfngbtmfj, mfgiís fg ljs rgajbjanfjs pjr gl mrtéaulj =1 fg lm Lgy 1>/43=7, fg = fg jatudrg, fgl Srjagfningbtj Mfinbnstrmtnvj Ajiõb fg lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams, ljs sn`ungbtgs fgrgahjs5 m) M lm prgsubanñb fg nbjagbanm. d) M sgr bjtnonamfj fgl bjidrmingbtj fg nbstruatjr y sgargtmrnj, msé ajij m rgausmr m ljs insijs. a) M sgr bjtnonamfj fg ljs hgahjs niputmfjs, fg lm nbormaanñb qug qug ajbstntuymb y fg lms smbanjbgs qug, gb su amsj, pugfmb nipjbgrsg, msé ajij fg lm rgsjluanñb smbanjbmfjrm. f) M ojriulmr ojriulmr mlg`manjbgs. mlg`manjbgs. g) M prjpjbgr aumbtms prugdms sgmb mfgaumfms pmrm lm fgtgrinbmanñb fg ljs hgahjs. o) M pjfgr matumr gb gl prjagfningbtj msnstnfj fg lgtrmfj j fg ljs rgprgsgbtmbtgs snbfnamlgs qug qug fgtgrinbg. Lgy 1>/43=7, fg = fg jatudrg, fgl Srjagfningbtj Mfinbnstrmtnvj Ajiõb fg lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams Mrtéaulj =1 Fgrgahjs fg lms pgrsjbms gb sus rglmanjbgs ajb lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams ]ungbgs fg ajbojrinfmf ajb gl mrtéaulj 1, tngbgb ampmanfmf fg jdrmr mbtg lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams, sjb tntulmrgs, gb sus rglmanjbgs ajb gllms, fg ljs sn`ungbtgs fgrgahjs5 m) M ajiubnamrsg ajb lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams m trmvîs fg ub Subtj fg Maagsj @gbgrml glgatrñbnaj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb. d) M sgr msnstnfjs gb gl usj fg igfnjs glgatrñbnajs gb sus sus rglmanjbgs ajb lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams. a) M utnlnzmr lms lgb`ums jonanmlgs gb gl tgrrntjrnj tgrrntjrnj fg su Ajiubnfmf Mutñbjim, fg maugrfj ajb lj prgvnstj gb gstm Lgy y gb gl rgstj fgl jrfgbmingbtj euréfnaj. f) Ml maagsj m lm nbojrimanñb põdlnam, mrahnvjs y rg`nstrjs, fg maugrfj ajb lj prgvnstj gb lm Lgy =>/43=1, fg > fg fnangidrg, fg trmbspmrgbanm, maagsj m lm nbojrimanñb põdlnam y dugb `jdngrbj y gl rgstj fgl Jrfgbmingbtj Euréfnaj. g) M sgr trmtmfjs ajb rgspgtj y fgogrgbanm pjr lms mutjrnfmfgs y giplgmfjs põdlnajs, qug hmdríb fg omanlntmrlgs gl gegrananj fg sus fgrgahjs y gl auiplningbtj fg sus jdln`manjbgs. j dln`manjbgs.
6>3
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml
o) M gxn`nr lms rgspjbsmdnlnfmfgs fg lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams y mutjrnfmfgs, aumbfj msé ajrrgspjbfm lg`mligbtg. `) M lm jdtgbanñb y utnlnzmanñb fg ljs igfnjs fg nfgbtnonamanñb y onrim glgatrñbnam ajbtgiplmfjs gb gstm Lgy. h) M lm prjtgaanñb fg fmtjs fg amríatgr pgrsjbml, y gb pmrtnaulmr m lm sg`urnfmf y ajbonfgbanmlnfmf fg ljs fmtjs qug on`urgb gb ljs onahgrjs, snstgims y mplnamanjbgs fg lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs Sõdlnams. n) Aumlgsqungrm jtrjs qug lgs rgajbjzamb lm Ajbstntuanñb y lms lgygs.
Aumbfj fg lm nbstruaanñb fg ub prjagfningbtj fnsanplnbmrnj rgsultg lm gxnstgbanm fg nbfnanjs oubfmfjs fg lm ajinsnñb fg ubm nbormaanñb pgbml, sg suspgbfgrí su trmintmanñb, pjbnîbfjlj gb ajbjaningbtj fgl Inbnstgrnj Onsaml. Lm nbajmanñb fg ub prjagfningbtj pgbml bj sgrí jdstíaulj pmrm lm nbnanmanñb fg ub gxpgfngbtg fnsanplnbmrnj pjr ljs insijs hgahjs, pgrj bj sg fnatmrí rgsjluanñb gb îstg hmstm tmbtj bj hmym rgaméfj sgbtgbanm onrig j mutj fg sjdrgsgningbtj gb lm amusm pgbml. Gb tjfj amsj, lm fgalmrmanñb fg hgahjs prjdmfjs ajbtgbnfm gb lm rgsjluanñb qug pjbg tîrinbj ml prjagfningbtj pgbml, vnbaulmrí m lm rgsjluanñb qug sg fnatg gb gl gxpgfngbtg fnsanplnbmrnj, snb pgreunanj fg lm fnstnbtm amlnonamanñb euréfnam qug pugfm igrgagr ubm y jtrm vém. Qñlj pjfrí rgamgr smbanñb pgbml y fnsanplnbmrnm sjdrg ljs insijs hgahjs aumbfj bj hudngrg nfgbtnfmf fg oubfmigbtj euréfnaj y dngb euréfnaj prjtg`nfj.
D. Almsnonamanñb fg lms omltms Lms omltms pjfríb sgr iuy `rmvgs, `rmvgs y lgvgs. m. Omltms iuy `rmvgs
Qg ajbsnfgrmb omltms iuy `rmvgs5 m) Gl nbauiplningbtj fgl fgdgr fg onfglnfmf m lm Ajbstntuanñb gb gl gegrananj gegrananj fg lm oubanñb põdlnam. põdlnam. d) Vjfm matumanñb qug qug supjb`m fnsarninbmanñb fnsarninbmanñb pjr rmzñb fg bmaningbtj, bmaningbtj, jrn`gb rmanml j îtbnaj, îtbnaj, `îbgrj, sgxj u jrngbtmanñb sgxuml, rgln`nñb j ajbvnaanjbgs, jpnbnñb, fnsampmanfmf, gfmf j aumlqungr jtrm ajbfnanñb j anraubstmbanm pgrsjbml j sjanml. a) Gl mdmbfjbj fgl sgrvnanj. f) Lm mfjpanñb fg maugrfjs j rgsjluanjbgs imbnongstmigbtg nlg`mlgs, aumbfj sg amusg pgreunanj pgreunanj `rmvg ml nbtgrîs põdlnaj j lgsnjbgb fgrgahjs oubfmigbtmlgs fg ljs anufmfmbjs. g) Lm rgvglmanñb j utnlnzmanñb pjr gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm Eustnanm fg hgahjs j fmtjs ajbjanajbjanfjs gb gl gegrananj fg su oubanñb j ajb jamsnñb fg îstm, aumbfj sg amusg pgreunanj m lm trmintmanñb fg ub prjagsj j m aumlqungr pgrsjbm. o) Lm utnlnzmanñb nbfgdnfm fg lm fjauigbtmanñb fjauigbtmanñb j nbojrimanñb nbojrimanñb m qug tgb`mb j hmymb tgbnfj maagsj pjr pjr rmzñb fg su amr`j j oubanñb. `) Lm bg`ln`gbanm gb lm austjfnm fg fjauigbtjs qug fî lu`mr m su fnousnñb j ajbjaningbtj ajbjaningbtj nbfgdnfj. h) Gl rgtrmsj, lm fgsmtgbanñb j gl nbauiplningbtj rgntgrmfjs fg lms oubanjbgs oubanjbgs nbhgrgbtgs ml pugstj fg trmdmej j oubanjbgs gbajigbfmfms. n) Lm utnlnzmanñb fg lms omaultmfgs omaultmfgs qug tgb`m mtrndunfms pmrm nbolunr gb prjagsjs glgatjrmlgs fg aumlqungr bmturmlgzm y íidntj.
gfntjrnml } agp
6>=
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4 e) Gl nbauiplningbtj `rmvg fg lms fgansnjbgs eufnanmlgs auym gegauanñb tgb`mb gbajigbfmfms. k) Lm fgsjdgfngbanm `rmvg j rgntgrmfm m lms ñrfgbgs ñrfgbgs j nbstruaanjbgs vgrdmlgs j gsarntms gsarntms fg ub supgrnjr gintnfms pjr îstg gb gl gegrananj fg sus ajipgtgbanms, rgogrnfms m oubanjbgs j tmrgms prjpnms fgl pugstj fg trmdmej fgl nbtgrgsmfj, smlvj qug sgmb imbnongstmigbtg nlg`mlgs. l) Lm utnlnzmanñb fg lm ajbfnanñb ajbfnanñb fg Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm pmrm lm jdtgbanñb fg ub dgbgonanj nbfgdnfj pmrm sé j pmrm ub tgragrj. i) Lm rgmlnzmanñb fg matnvnfmfgs fgalmrmfms nbajipmtndlgs pjr lgy. b) Lm nbjdsgrvmbanm fgl fgdgr fg mdstgbanñb, m smdngbfms fg qug ajbaurrg ml`ubm fg lms amusms lg`mligbtg prgvnstms. j) Ljs matjs qug nipnfmb gl gegrananj fg ljs fgrgahjs oubfmigbtmlgs, fg lms lndgrtmfgs põdlnams y fg ljs fgrgahjs snbfnamlgs. p) Gl nbauiplningbtj fgl fgdgr fg mtgbfgr ljs sgrvnanjs gsgbanmlgs gb amsj fg hugl`m. q) Gl majsj majsj sgxuml. r) Lm m`rgsnñb `rmvg m aumlqungr aumlqungr pgrsjbm ajb lm qug qug sg rglmanjbgb gb gl gegrananj fg sus oubanjbgs. s) Lm mrdntrmrngfmf gb gl usj fg mutjrnfmf mutjrnfmf qug amusg pgreunanj pgreunanj `rmvg m ljs sudjrfnbmfjs sudjrfnbmfjs j ml sgrvnanj. t) Lms maanjbgs y jinsnjbgs jinsnjbgs qug hmymb fmfj lu`mr gb sgbtgbanm onrig m ubm fgalmrmanñb fg rgspjbsmdnrgspjbsmdnlnfmf anvnl ajbtrméfm gb gl gegrananj fg lm oubanñb pjr fjlj j aulpm `rmvg. u) Lm ajinsnñb fg ubm omltm `rmvg aumbfj hudngrg snfj mbtgrnjrigbtg smbanjbmfj pjr jtrms fjs `rmvgs qug hmymb mfqunrnfj onrigzm, snb qug hudngrgb snfj ambaglmfms j prjagfnfj lm ambaglmanñb fg lms mbjtmanjbgs ajrrgspjbfngbtgs. d. Omltms `rmvgs
Qg ajbsnfgrmb omltms `rmvgs5 m) Lm fgsjdgfngbanm gxprgsm m lms lms ñrfgbgs j nbstruaanjbgs nbstruaanjbgs fg ub supgrnjr, gintnfms pjr îstg gb gl gegrangegrananj fg sus ajipgtgbanms, rgogrnfms m oubanjbgs j tmrgms prjpnms fgl pugstj fg trmdmej fgl nbtgrgsmfj, smlvj qug sgmb imbnongstmigbtg nlg`mlgs. d) Gl nbauiplningbtj fg lms fgansnjbgs eufnanmlgs auym gegauanñb lgs hm snfj gbajigbfmfm, aumbfj bj ajbstntuym omltm iuy `rmvg. a) Lm mrdntrmrngfmf gb gl usj fg mutjrnfmf mutjrnfmf gb gl gegrananj fg sus oubanjbgs aumbfj bj ajbstntuym omltm iuy `rmvg. f) Lm bg`ln`gbanm gb lm austjfnm fg fjauigbtjs, msé ajij lm utnlnzmanñb nbfgdnfm fg ljs insijs j fg lm nbojrimanñb qug ajbjzamb pjr rmzñb fgl amr`j, aumbfj tmlgs ajbfuatms bj ajbstntuymb omltm iuy `rmvg. g) Lm tgragrm omltm nbeustnonamfm fg msnstgbanm gb ub pgréjfj fg trgs igsgs. o) Lm bg`ln`gbanm, lm fgsmtgbanñb j rgtrmsj nbeustnonamfj gb gl auiplningbtj auiplningbtj fg lms oubanjbgs nbhgrgbtgs ml pugstj fg trmdmej j oubanjbgs gbajigbfmfms aumbfj bj ajbstntuym omltm iuy `rmvg. `) Gl gegrananj fg aumlqungr matnvnfmf matnvnfmf susagptndlg fg ajipmtndnlnfmf, ajbojrig ajbojrig m lj fnspugstj gb lm Lgy 71/=>86, fg 4? fg fnangidrg, sjdrg nbajipmtndnlnfmfgs fgl pgrsjbml ml sgrvnanj fg lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs põdlnams, snb jdtgbgr lm pgrtnbgbtg mutjrnzmanñb j hmdnîbfjlm jdtgbnfj ajb omltm fg vgrmanfmf gb ljs prgsupugstjs mlg`mfjs. h) Lm omltm fg ajbsnfgrmanñb `rmvg ajb ljs supgrnjrgs, supgrnjrgs, n`umlgs j sudjrfnbmfjs, msé ajij ajb ljs prjogsnjbmlgs j anufmfmbjs. 6>4
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml n) Amusmr fmýj `rmvg gb ljs ljs fjauigbtjs j imtgrnml fg trmdmej, msé ajij ajij gb ljs ljamlgs fgstnbmfjs m lm prgstmanñb fgl sgrvnanj. e) Lm utnlnzmanñb nbmfgaumfm fg ljs igfnjs nbojriítnajs y imtgrnmlgs giplgmfjs gb gl gegrananj fg sus oubanjbgs y gl nbauiplningbtj fg lms nbstruaanjbgs omanlntmfms pmrm su utnlnzmanñb, msé ajij lm nbfg dnfm utnlnzmanñb fg lms almvgs fg maagsj m ljs snstgims nbojriítnajs. k) Lms maanjbgs u jinsnjbgs fnrn`nfms m glufnr ljs snstgims fg ajbtrjl fg hjrmrnjs j m nipgfnr qug sgmb fgtgatmfjs ljs nbauiplningbtjs nbeustnonamfjs fg lm ejrbmfm fg trmdmej. l) Fgemr fg prjijvgr lm gxn`gbanm fg lm rgspjbsmdnlnfmf fnsanplnbmrnm qug prjagfm ml pgrsjbml qug nbtg`rg su jonanbm, aumbfj ajbjangrmb j fgdngrmb ajbjagr gl nbauiplningbtj `rmvg pjr ljs insijs fg ljs fgdgrgs qug lgs ajrrgspjbfmb. i) Jdstmaulnzmr lms lmdjrgs fg nbspgaanñb. b) Srjijvgr su mdstgbanñb fg ojrim almrmigbtg nbeustnonamfm. j) Gl rgntgrmfj nbauiplningbtj fgl hjrmrnj hjrmrnj fg trmdmej snb amusm amusm eustnonamfm. p) Lm ajinsnñb fg ubm omltm fg amríatgr lgvg, hmdngbfj snfj smbanjbmfj mbtgrnjrigbtg pjr rgsjluanñb onrig pjr jtrms fjs lgvgs, snb qug hudngrmb snfj ambaglmfms j prjagfnfj lm ambaglmanñb fg lms ajrrgspjbfngbtgs mbjtmanjbgs. a. Omltms lgvgs
Qg ajbsnfgrmb omltms lgvgs5 m) Lm omltm fg ajbsnfgrmanñb ajb ljs ljs supgrnjrgs, n`umlgs j sudjrfnbmfjs, msé ajij ajb ljs ljs prjogsnjbmlgs j anufmfmbjs, aumbfj bj ajbstntuym ubm nbormaanñb iís `rmvg. d) Gl nbauiplningbtj fg ljs fgdgrgs prjpnjs fg su amr`j j pugstj fg trmdmej j lm bg`ln`gbanm gb su fgsgipgýj, sngiprg qug tmlgs ajbfuatms bj ajbstntuymb nbormaanñb iís `rmvg. a) Lm fgsmtgbanñb j rgtrmsj nbeustnonamfj gb gl auiplningbtj fg sus oubanjbgs, aumbfj aumbfj bj ajbstntuym omltm iís `rmvg. f) Lm musgbanm nbeustnonamfm pjr ub fém. g) Gl nbauiplningbtj fgl hjrmrnj fg trmdmej snb amusm eustnonamfm aumbfj bj ajbstntuym ajbstntuym omltm `rmvg.
A. Arntgrnjs pmrm lm `rmfumanñb `rmfumanñb fg smbanjbgs Gb lm nipjsnanñb fg smbanjbgs pjr ljs ñr`mbjs ajipgtgbtgs fgdgrí jdsgrvmrsg lm fgdnfm mfgaumanñb j prjpjranjbmlnfmf gbtrg lm `rmvgfmf fgl hgahj ajbstntutnvj fg lm nbormaanñb y lm smbanñb mplnamfm, ajbsnfgríbfjsg gspganmligbtg ljs sn`ungbtgs arntgrnjs pmrm lm `rmfumanñb fg lm smbanñb m mplnamr5 m) Nbtgbanjbmlnfmf. d) Sgreunanj amusmfj m lm Mfinbnstrmanñb j m ljs anufmfmbjs. anufmfmbjs. a) @rmfj fg pmrtnanpmanñb pmrtnanpmanñb gb lm ajinsnñb fg lm omltm. f) Tgntgrmanñb j rgnbanfgbanm.
F. Qmbanjbgs Lms smbanjbgs qug sg pugfgb nipjbgr m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm pjr lms omltms ajigtnfms gb gl gegrananj fg su amr`j sjb5 m) Mpgrandningbtj.
gfntjrnml } agp
6>1
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4 d) Iultm fg hmstm 1.333 gurjs. a) Quspgbsnñb fg giplgj y suglfj. f) Vrmslmfj ojrzjsj ougrm fgl iubnanpnj fg fgstnbj. g) Qgpmrmanñb fgl sgrvnanj. o) Agsg gb gl pugstj fg trmdmej. trmdmej. Lms smbanjbgs prgvnstms gb lms lgtrms a) y f) pjfríb nipjbgrsg pjr lm ajinsnñb fg omltms `rmvgs y iuy `rmvgs, `rmfuíbfjsg su furmanñb gb oubanñb fg lms anraubstmbanms qug ajbaurrmb gb gl hgahj jdegtj fg smbanñb. Lm smbanñb fg sgpmrmanñb fg sgrvnanj sñlj pjfrí nipjbgrsg pjr omltms iuy `rmvgs. Lm suspgbsnñb fg oubanjbgs nipugstm pjr lm ajinsnñb fg ubm omltm iuy `rmvg bj pjfrí sgr supgrnjr m trgs mýjs bn nbogrnjr m ub mýj. Qn sg nipjbg pjr omltm `rmvg, bj gxagfgrí fg ub mýj. Ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm m ljs qug sg smbanjbg ajb trmslmfj ojrzjsj bj pjfríb jdtgbgr bugvj fgstnbj gb gl iubnanpnj fg jrn`gb furmbtg trgs mýjs, aumbfj hudngsg snfj nipugstm pjr omltm iuy `rmvg, y furmbtg ubj, aumbfj hudngrm ajrrgspjbfnfj m lm ajinsnñb fg ubm omltm `rmvg. Lm smbanñb fg agsg gb gl pugstj fg trmdmej sñlj sgrí mplnamdlg m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm suplgbtgs pjr ajinsnñb fg omltms `rmvgs j iuy `rmvgs. Lm smbanñb fg iultm sjlj pjfrí nipjbgrsg pjr lm ajinsnñb fg omltms `rmvgs. Lm smbanñb fg mpgrandningbtj sñlj pjfrí nipjbgrsg pjr lm ajinsnñb fg omltms lgvgs.
G. Ajipgtgbanms Qjb ajipgtgbtgs pmrm lm nbajmanñb fg gxpgfngbtgs fnsanplnbmrnjs m ljs oubanjbmrnjs fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, gl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj y ljs Qgargtmrnjs Ajjrfnbmfjrgs Srjvnbanmlgs. Lm trmintmanñb fg ljs insijs ajrrgspjbfg ml Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm. Smrm lm nipjsnanñb fg lms smbanjbgs sgríb ajipgtgbtgs5 m) Gl Qgargtmrnj @gbgrml fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, gl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj y gl Qgargtmrnj Ajjrfnbmfjr Srjvnbanml, pmrm lm smbanñb fg mpgrandningbtj rgspgatj fg qungbgs fgpgbfngsgb fg glljs. d) Gl Qgargtmrnj @gbgrml fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, pmrm lm smbanñb fg iultm. a) Gl Inbnstrj fg Eustnanm, pmrm lm smbanñb fg suspgbsnñb, trmslmfj ojrzjsj, ojrzjsj, sgpmrmanñb fgl sgrvnanj y agsg gb gl pugstj fg trmdmej.
O. Srgsarnpanñb Lms omltms iuy `rmvgs prgsarndnríb m ljs fjs mýjs, lms `rmvgs ml mýj y lms lgvgs m ljs sgns igsgs. Gl plmzj fg prgsarnpanñb ajigbzmrí m ajbtmrsg fgsfg qug lm omltm sg hmym ajigtnfj. Gl plmzj fg prgsarnpanñb sg nbtgrruipnrí gb gl ijigbtj fg bjtnonamanñb fgl maugrfj fg nbnanmanñb fgl gxpgfngbtg fnsanplnbmrnj, vjlvngbfj m ajiputmrsg gl plmzj sn gl prjagfningbtj pgrimbgangrm pmrmlnzmfj furmbtg iís fg fjs igsgs pjr amusms bj niputmdlgs ml gxpgfngbtmfj. Lms smbanjbgs nipugstms pjr omltms iuy `rmvgs prgsarndnríb m ljs fjs mýjs; lms nipugstms pjr omltms `rmvgs ml mýj, y lms nipugstms pjr omltms lgvgs m ljs sgns igsgs. Gl plmzj fg prgsarnpanñb ajigbzmrí m ajiputmrsg fgsfg gl fém sn`ungbtg m mqugl gb qug mfqungrm onrigzm lm rgsjluanñb gb qug sg nipjb`m lm smbanñb. 6>6
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml
4.
JTFGBMANÑB FGL AWGTSJ QWSGTNJT EWTÉFNAJ FG LGVTMFJQ FG LM MFINBNQVTMANÑB FG EWQVNANM5 QGATGVMTNJ FG @JDNGTBJ ^ QGATGVMTNJQ AJJTFNBMFJTGQ
4.= Gl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm Dmej lm supgrnjr fgpgbfgbanm fgl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm gl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sg jrfgbm egrírqunamigbtg gb lm ojrim qug sg fgtgrinbg gb lms rglmanjbgs fg pugstjs fg trmdmej. Gb gstg sgbtnfj, rgmlnzmríb tjfms mqugllms oubanjbgs fg bmturmlgzm mbílj`m m lms qug lgs sjb prjpnms, nbhgrgbtgs ml pugstj fg trmdmej qug jaupgb y qug lgs sgmb gbajigbfmfms pjr sus supgrnjrgs.
Mtgbanñb Gb ljs amsjs gb ljs qug ub insij hgahj fî lu`mr m lm mpgrturm fg amusm pgbml y m prjagfningbtj fnsanplnbmrnj, ljs plmzjs fg prgsarnpanñb fg lm omltm fnsanplnbmrnm bj ajigbzmríb m ajiputmrsg snbj fgsfg lm ajbalusnñb fg lm amusm pgbml.
Ljs ñr`mbjs supgrnjrgs fg `jdngrbj fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sjb, pjr jrfgb egrírqunaj, ljs sn`ungbtgs5 m) Gl Qgargtmrnj @gbgrml fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm. d) Ljs Qgargtmrnjs fg @jdngrbj. a) Ljs Qgargtmrnjs Ajjrfnbmfjrgs Srjvnbanmlgs. Aumbfj gb ub sgrvnanj ajiõb prjagsml prgstmrgb sgrvnanjs vmrnjs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm, lm rglmanñb fg pugstjs fg trmdmej fgtgrinbmrí su fgpgbfgbanm egrírqunam y oubanjbml. Ajij nbstruigbtj fg pmrtnanpmanñb fgijarítnam fgl ajlgatnvj fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, sg ajbstntunrí ub Ajbsgej fgl Qgargtmrnmfj gb gl sgbj fgl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, ajb oubanjbgs ajbsultnvms gb lms imtgrnms qug mogatgb ml igbanjbmfj augrpj. Qu jr`mbnzmanñb, oubanjbmingbtj y ajipgtgbanms sg fgsmrrjllmríb rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg.
4.4 Ljs Qgargtmrnjs fg @jdngrbj Hmdrí ub Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj gb gl Vrndubml Quprgij, gb lm Mufngbanm Bmanjbml, y gb amfm Vrndubml Qupgrnjr fg Eustnanm, msé ajij gb lms anufmfgs fg Agutm y Iglnllm, glg`nfj gbtrg ingi drjs nbtg`rmbtgs nbtg` rmbtgs fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm qug tgb`mb ajbsjlnfmfm, ml igbjs, lm amtg`jrém sg`ubfm ajb ub iébnij fg =3 mýjs fg mbtn`ügfmf, qug gegragrí mfgiís lms oubanjbgs fg Qgargtmrnj fg lm Qmlm fg @jdngrbj fgl rgspgatnvj Vrndubml. Gl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj jstgbtmrí, ajij supgrnjr egrírqunaj, lm fnrgaanñb fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm qug prgstmb sus sgrvnanjs gb lms jonanbms eufnanmlgs fgpgbfngbgfntjrnml } agp
6>7
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4 tgs fg fnahjs Vrndubmlgs y gb lms Anufmfgs fg Agutm y Iglnllm. Smrm gllj gegragrí lms ajipgtgbanms qug gstm lgy jr`íbnam lgs rgajbjag, msé ajij tjfms mquîllms qug rg`lmigbtmrnmigbtg sg gstmdlgzamb. Qgrí bjidrmfj y rgijvnfj lndrgigbtg pjr gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustna Eus tnanm. nm. Fna Fnahj hj bji bjidrm drming ingbtj btj sg rgm rgmlnz lnzmrí mrí m prj prjpug pugstm stm fgl ñr`mbj ajipgtgbtg fg lms Ajiubnfmfgs Mutñbjims aumbfj îstms tuvngrgb ajipgtgbanms msuinfms gb imtgrnm fg Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, qug tmidnîb pjfríb prjpjbgr su agsg.
Mtgbanñb Bj sg pjfrí jaupmr iís fg fngz mýjs gl insij pugstj fg Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj.
Gb tjfj amsj pmrm su bjidrmingbtj sg rgamdmrí nbojrig sjdrg gl ambfnfmtj qug hm fg sgr bjidrmfj pjr gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, fg lm Qmlm fg @jdngrbj fgl Vrndubml rgspgatnvj msé ajij fgl Ajbsgej fgl Qgargtmrnmfj. Smrm gl fg lms Anufmfgs fg Agutm y Iglnllm gl nbojrig sgrí gintnfj pjr lm Qmlm fg @jdngrbj fgl Vrndubml Qupgrnjr fg Eustnanm fg Mbfmluaém. Gb amsj fg musgbanm, gbogrigfmf, suspgbsnñb j vmambtg fgl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj fgl Vrndubml Quprgij j fg lm Mufngbanm Bmanjbml msé ajij fg lms Anufmfgs fg Agutm y Iglnllm, msuinrí sus oubanjbgs gl Qgargtmrnj fg imyjr mbtn`ügfmf gsamlmojbml. Gb gstjs insijs supugstjs y rgspgatj ml Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj fg ljs Vrndubmlgs Qupgrnjrgs fg Eustnanm, msuinrí sus oubanjbgs gl Qgargtmrnj Ajjrfnbmfjr fg lm prjvnbanm gb fjbfg tgb`m su sgfg gl rgspgatnvj trndubml j, gb su fgogatj, gl Qgargtmrnj fg imyjr mbtn`ügfmf gsamlmojbml. M ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm qug sgmb bjidrmfjs Qgargtmrnjs fg @jdngrbj sg lgs rgsgrvmrí, furmbtg gl tngipj qug jaupmrgb fnahj amr`j, lm plmzm qug vnbngrgb jaupmbfj ajb mbtgrnjrnfmf m fnahj bjidrmingbtj. Furmbtg su imbfmtj, fnahm plmzm pjfrí sgr audngrtm gb rî`nigb fg ajinsnñb fg sgrvnanjs. Lms Mfinbnstrmanjbgs põdlnams ajipgtgbtgs, gb sus rgspgatnvjs tgrrntjrnjs, fjtmríb m ljs Qgargtmrnjs fg @jdngrbj, fg ljs igfnjs imtgrnmlgs y rgaursjs huimbjs bgagsmrnjs pmrm gl gegrananj fg lms oubanjbgs qug tngbgb mtrndunfms. Qgríb ajipgtgbanms fg ljs Qgargtmrnjs fg @jdngrbj5
6>?
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Lm nbspgaanñb fg ljs sgrvnanjs qug sgmb rgspjbsmdnlnfmf rgspjbsmdnlnfmf fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm fg su rgspgatnvj íidntj ajipgtgbanml, snb pgreunanj fg lm qug ajrrgspjbfm ml Ajbsgej @gbgrml fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml, m lms Qmlms fg @jdngrbj j, gb su amsj, ml Srgsnfgbtg fgl Vrndubml j fg lm Qmlm rgspgatnvjs.
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Lm nbajmanñb nbajmanñb fg gxpgfngbtgs fnsanplnbmrnjs pjr lms pjsnpjsn dlgs nbormaanjbgs qug ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm pugfmb ajigtgr gb gl gegrananj fg sus oubanjbgs, msé ajij lm nipjsnanñb fg lm smbanñb fg mpgrandningbtj.
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml -
Srjpjbgr ml Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm gl bjidrmingbtj fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm fg lndrg fgsn`bmanñb gb su íidntj tgrrntjrnml, qug hudngsgb pmrtnanpmfj gb lm ajrrgspjbfngbtg ajbvjamtjrnm, msé ajij su agsg aumbfj îstg prjagfm.
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Ajbtrjl y sg`uningbtj gstmféstnaj.
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Fnrgaanñb y jr`mbnzmanñ jr`mbnzmanñb b fg ljs Lgtrmfjs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm eustnanm qug fg îl fgpgbfmb, fgpgbfmb, rgspgtmbfj y tutglmbfj su nbfgpgbfgbanm gb gl gegrananj fg lm og põdlnam.
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Nipmrtnr nbstruaanjbgs nbstruaanjbgs m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm eustnanm fg su rgspgatnvj íidntj tgrrntjrnml, m sjlnantuf fg lms ajiubnfmfgs mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms msuinfms, aumbfj sgm prgansm lm ajlmdjrmanñb fg mquglljs pmrm `mrmbtnzmr lm gogatnvnfmf fg lms oubanjbgs qug tngbgb îstms gb imtgrnm fg igfnjs pgrsjbmlgs y imtgrnmlgs ml sgrvnanj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm.
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Srjpjbgr ml Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, j gb su amsj m lm ajiubnfmf mutñbjim ajb ajipgtgbanms trmbsogrnfms, lms igfnfms qug, m su eunanj, fgdgrémb mfjptmrsg pmrm gl igejr oubanjbmingbtj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm qug ougrgb fg su rgspgatnvm ajipgtgbanm, ajiubnambfj ml Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm aumbtms nbanfgbanms mogatgb m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm qug fg îl fgpgbfmb.
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Aursmr anraulmrgs g nbstruaanjbgs fg sgrvnanj m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm fg su tgrrntjrnj, msé ajij vglmr pjr gl ajrrgatj auiplningbtj fg lms qug, m su vgz, fnrnem gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm, lms aumlgs gb bnb`õb amsj pjfríb supjbgr ubm nbtrjinsnñb gb gl fgsmrrjllj fg lm matnvnfmf prjagsml fg eugags j im`nstrmfjs, bn ajbtrmfganr lms fgansnjbgs mfjptmfms pjr lm Qmlm fg @jdngrbj gb gl íidntj fg sus ajipgtgbanms. Vmipjaj pjfríb nipmrtnr nbstruaanjbgs pmrtnaulmrgs rglmtnvms m msubtjs ajbargtjs gb ljs qug ub Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm nbtgrvgb`m gb amlnfmf fg ogfmtmrnj j gb gl gegrananj fg sus ajipgtgbanms fg jrfgbmanñb y fnrgaanñb fgl prjagsj.
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Ajbagsnñb fg pgrinsjs y lnagbanms m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm Eustnanm fg su tgrrntjrnj, pufngbfj fglg`mr gb gl Qgargtmrnj Ajjrfnbmfjr.
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Ajbjagr fg ljs nbanfgbtgs fg rgausmanñb fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm.
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Glmdjrmr ljs plmbgs mbumlgs fg suplgbanms fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm y prjpjbgr ml Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm lm lnstm fg ambfnfmtjs ajbsnfgrmfjs nfñbgjs pmrm gegragr ajij Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm sustntutjs gb gl íidntj tgrrntjrnml fg amfm Ajiubnfmf Mutñbjim.
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Lms fgiís prgvnstms prgvnstms gb gl rg`lmigbtj jr`íbnaj fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm.
4.1 Qgargtmrnjs Ajjrfnbmfjrgs Gb amfm prjvnbanm gxnstnrí ub Qgargtmrnj Ajjrfnbmfjr, bjidrmfj pjr gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm pjr gl prjagfningbtj fg lndrg fgsn`bmanñb, m prjpugstm fgl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj, fg maugrfj ajb lms Ajiubnfmfgs Mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms msuinfms, fg gbtrg tjfjs mquglljs qug sg prgsgbtgb m lm ajbvjamtjrnm põdlnam. Mbtgs fgl bjidrmingbtj sg jnrí ml Ajbsgej fgl Qgargtmrnmfj sjdrg gl ambfnfmtj qug hm fg sgr bjidrmfj pjr gl Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm. Mfgiís, gb lm Ajiubnfmf Mutñbjim fg Nllgs Dmlgmrs hmdrí ub Qgargtmrnj Ajjrfnbmfjr gb lms nslms fg Igbjram g Ndnzm, y gb lm Ajiubnfmf Mutñbjim fg Ambmrnms, jtrj gb lms nslms fg Lmbzmrjtg y fg Lm Smlim.
gfntjrnml } agp
6>0
Jr`mbnzmanñb y Gstruaturm fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml. Vgim =4
Mtgbanñb Bj sg pjfrí jaupmr iís fg fngz mýjs gl insij pugstj fg Qgargtmrnj Ajjrfnbmfjr.
Gb lms Ajiubnfmfgs Mutñbjims ubnprjvnbanmlgs, lms oubanjbgs fgl Qgargtmrnj Ajjrfnbmfjr sgríb msuinfms pjr gl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj, smlvj gb mqugllms qug, pjr rmzñb fgl sgrvnanj, sgm majbsgemdlg su gxnstgbanm. Ljs rgqunsntjs y prjagfningbtj pmrm su bjidrmingbtj sg fgtgrinbmríb gb gl rg`lmigbtj jr`íbnaj fgl Augrpj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm, sn dngb gb tjfj amsj fgdgrí ajbtmr ajb ml igbjs anbaj mýjs fg mbtn`ügfmf gb lm sg`ubfm amtg`jrém. Gb amsjs fg musgbanm, gbogrigfmf, suspgbsnñb j vmambtg, sgrí sustntunfj pjr gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm qug fgsn`bg gl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj fg gbtrg ljs fgstnbmfjs gb su prjvnbanm rgspgatnvm, qug rgõbm ljs rgqunsntjs gxn`nfjs pmrm su bjidrmingbtj. M ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm qug sgmb bjidrmfjs Qgargtmrnjs Ajjrfnbmfjrgs sg lgs rgsgrvmrí, furmbtg gl tngipj qug jaupmrgb fnahj amr`j, lm plmzm qug vnbngrgb jaupmbfj ajb mbtgrnjrnfmf m fnahj bjidrmingbtj. Furmbtg su imbfmtj, fnahm plmzm pjfrí sgr audngrtm gb rî`nigb fg ajinsnñb fg sgrvnanjs. Dmej lm fgpgbfgbanm fnrgatm fgl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj, gl Qgargtmrnj Ajjrfnbmfjr gegragrí lms sn`ungbtgs ajipgtgbanms5
6>8
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Fnatmr nbstruaanjbgs fg sgrvnanj m ljs ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm fg su íidntj tgrrntjrnml pmrm gl mfgaumfj oubanjbmingbtj fg ljs sgrvnanjs qug tngbgb gbajigbfmfjs.
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Ajbtrjlmr lm ajrrgatm ajrrgatm gegauanñb fg lms anraulmrgs g nbstruaanjnbstruaanjbgs fg sgrvnanj qug fnatg gl Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj fgl qug fgpgbfm.
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Fmr augbtm fg ojrim ojrim nbigfnmtm ml Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj @jdngrbj fg aumbtjs hgahjs sgmb rglgvmbtgs ml dugb oubanjbmingbtj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm, msé ajij fg lms bgagsnfmfgs fg igfnjs pgrsjbmlgs y imtgrnmlgs fg lms sgargtmréms udnamfms gb su tgrrntjrnj.
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Ajlmdjrmr ajb lms ajiubnfmfgs mutñbjims ajb ajipgtgbanms msuinfms, pmrm lm gogatnvnfmf fg lms oubanjbgs qug îstms jstgbtgb gb imtgrnm fg igfnjs pgrsjbmlgs y imtgrnmlgs.
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Ajjrfnbmr gl oubanjbmingbtj fg aumbtjs sgrvnanjs ajiubgs prjagsmlgs sg gbaugbtrgb udnamfjs gb su tgrrntjrnj, j gb su amsj, msuinr fnrgatmigbtg su fnrgaanñb aumbfj gxnstm ub õbnaj sgrvnanj ajiõb prjagsml prjvnbanml.
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Srjpjbgr ml Inbnstgrnj Inbnstgrnj fg Eustnanm Eustnanm lms ajinsnjbgs fg sgrvnanj fg Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg eustnanm qug, fgbtrj fg su tgrrntjrnj, sgmb prgansms pmrm gl ajrrgatj oubanjbmingbtj fg lms jonanbms eufnanmlgs.
gfntjrnml } agp
Gl Lgtrmfj fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm gb lm Lgy Jr`íbnam fgl Sjfgr Eufnanml -
Tgsjlvgr lms suplgbanms y sustntuanjbgs fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm fg su íidntj.
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Tgsjlvgr ljs nbanfgbtgs fg mdstgbanñb fg ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm Eustnanm qug fg îl fgpgbfmb fg maugrfj ajb lj prgvnstj gb gstm Lgy.
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Ajbagfgr, pjr fglg`manñb fgl Qgargtmrnj Qgargtmrnj fg @jdngrbj, ljs pgrinsjs y lnagbanms m ljs Lgtrmfjs fg lm Mfinbnstrmanñb fg Eustnanm fg su tgrrntjrnj.
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Lms fgiís qug gstmdlgzamb lms lgygs y su prjpnj rg`lmigbtj jr`íbnaj. jr`íbnaj.
gfntjrnml } agp
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