[DOJ
9
Kdrdgma kd beujfkjk y la kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd eâldra> dspdgbjf rdhdrdlgbj j fj Fdy Areêlbgj 7/9005, pjrj fj Beujfkjk Dhdgtbvj kd Oundrds y Maoirds. Fj Fdy Areêlbgj :/900;, kd Odkbkjs kd Pratdggb÷l Bltderjf galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra. Jltdgdkdltds. Aindta y prblgbpbas rdgtards. Odkbkjs kd sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l, prdvdlgb÷l y kdtdggb÷l. Kdrdgmas kd fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. [utdfj blstbtugbaljf YDHDYDLGBJW FDEBWFJ[BXJW Galstbtugb÷l Dspjúafj, kd 95 kd kbgbdoird kd :25=, guyj þftboj oakbhbgjgb÷l sd mj prakugbka par Ydharoj kdf jrtïgufa :74, kd 95 kd sdptbdoird kd 90:: Fdy Areêlbgj :/900;, kd 9= kd kbgbdoird, kd Odkbkjs kd Pratdggb÷l Bltderjf galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra, guyj þftboj oakb hbg jgb jgb÷l ÷l sd mj pra prakug kugbka bka par Fdy ;9/ ;9/90: 90:4, 4, kd 4 kd agt agtuir uir d, kd rdharoj kd fj Fdy :/9000, kd 5 kd dldra, kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Gbvbf Fdy Areêlbgj :0/:224, kd 97 kd lavbdoird, kdf G÷kbea Pdljf, guyj þftboj oakbhbgjgb÷l sd mj prakugbka par Fdy ;/90:4, kd 95 kd jirbf, kdf Dstjtuta kd fj vïgtboj kdf kdfbta Fdy Areêlbgj 7/9005, kd 99 kd ojrza, pjrj fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj kd oundrds y maoirds, guyj þftboj oakbhbgjgb÷l sd mj prakugbka par Fdy 2/9 2/9002 002,, kd 8 kd agt agtuir uird, d, kd jop jopfbj fbjgb÷ gb÷l l kd fj kur kurjgb jgb÷l ÷l kdf pdrobsa kd pjtdrlbkjk dl fas gjsas kd ljgbobdlta, jkapgb÷l a jgaebkj
IBIFBAEYJHÏJ Arbedl kd fas kaguodltas dlfjzjkas> Jedlgbj Jedlgbj Dstjtjf kdf Iafdtïl Ahbgbjf kdf Dstjka. Lavbdoird 90:5
UDIEYJHÏJ mttp>//www.kdrdgmasmuojlas.ldt
AIND[BXAW Dstukbjr dl prahulkbkjk fj larojtbvj kd rdhdrdlgbj dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk y pratdggb÷l galtrj fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra Galagdr guêfds sal fas kdrdgmas kd fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra y su tutdfj blstbtugbaljf
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
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KDYDGMA KD BETJFKJK R LA KBWGYBOBLJGB×L PAY YJ^×L KD EÂLDYA> DWPDGBJF YDHDYDLGBJ J FJ FDR AYEÊLBGJ 7/9005, PJYJ FJ BETJFKJK DHDG[BXJ KD OTNDYDW R MAOIYDW
:.: Df jrtïgufa :; kd fj G.D.> fj la kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa Fj Galstbtugb÷l Dspjúafj, dl su jrt. :;, dstjifdgd qud fas dspjúafds sal beujfds jltd fj Fdy, sbl qud pudkj prdvjfdgdr kbsgrbobljgb÷l jfeulj par rjz÷l kd ljgbobdlta, rjzj, sdxa, rdfbeb÷l, apblb÷l a gujfqubdr atrj galkbgb÷l a gbrgulstjlgbj pdrsaljf a sagbjf. Dstd jrtïgufa haroj pjrtd kd fas kdrdgmas y fbidrtjkds hulkjodltjfds, y su uibgjgb÷l sbstdoêtbgj fa galhbeurj gaoa df jutâltbga p÷rtbga kdf Gjpïtufa BB kdf [ïtufa B kd fj Galstbtugb÷l, qud rdgaed fas kdrdgmas y fbidrtjkds dspdgbjfodltd pratdebkas. Fj beujfkjk jltd fj Fdy hud ulj kd fjs rdgfjojgbalds prbarbtjrbjs kd fas rdvafugbaljrbas fbidrjfds. La aistjltd, jgtujfodltd fj beujfkjk sd galstruyd> - Gaoa ul fïobtd j fj jgtujgb÷l kd fas pakdrds pakdrds pþifbgas. - Gaoa ul blstruodlta kd rdjggb÷l hrdltd j fj jribtrjrbdkjk jribtrjrbdkjk kdf pakdr. Fj dxprdsb÷l beujfkjk, galffdvj kbhdrdltds sbelbhbgjkas> - Beujfkjk gaoa vjfar> vjfar> Dspjúj sd galstbtuyd dl ul Dstjka sagbjf y kdoagrêtbga kd Kdrdgma qud prapuelj gaoa vjfards supdrbards kd su arkdljobdlta nurïkbga fj fbidrtjk, fj nustbgbj, fj beujfkjk y df pfurjfbsoa pafïtbga. pafïtbga. - Beujfkjk dl fj Fdy y jltd fj Fdy> Jrtïgufa :; kd fj GalstbtuGalstbtugb÷l Dspjúafj. - Beujfkjk praoagbaljf> Garrdspalkd j fas pakdrds pþifbgas praoavdr fjs galkbgbalds pjrj qud fj fbidrtjk y fj beujfkjk kdf blkbvbkua y kd fas erupas dl qud sd bltderj sdjl rdjfds y dhdgtbvjs3 rdoavdr fas aistêgufas qud bopbkjl a kbhbguftdl su pfdlbtuk y hjgbfbtjr fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd takas fas gbukjkjlas dl fj vbkj pafïtbgj, dgal÷obgj, gufturjf y sagbjf. Fj pratdggb÷l kd dstd kdrdgma qudkj ejrjltbzjkj> - Par su vjfar prddobldltd. - Par su jpfbgjibfbkjk kbrdgtj.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Bopartjltd Jrt. :; G.D.> ‖Fas dspjúafds sal beujfds jltd fj Fdy, sbl qud pudkj prdvjfdgdr kbsgrbobljgb÷l jfeulj par rjz÷l kd ljgbobdlta, rjzj, sdxa, rdfbeb÷l, apblb÷l a gujfqubdr atrj galkbgb÷l a gbrgulstjlgbj pdrsaljf a sagbjf‟.
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Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
- Par fj bltdrpasbgb÷l kdf rdgursa kd jopjra jltd df [rbiuljf Galstbtugbaljf. Galstbtugbaljf. Galharod jf jrt. 47, gujfqubdr gbukjkjla pakrê rdgjijr fj tutdfj kd fjs fbidrtjkds y kdrdgmas rdgalagbkas dl df jrt. :; y fj Wdggb÷l Prbodrj kdf Gjpïtufa Wdeulka jltd fas [rbiuljfds arkbljrbas par ul pragdkbobdlta ijsjka dl fas prblgbpbas kd prdhdrdlgbj y suojrbdkjk y, dl su gjsa, j trjvâs kdf rdgursa kd jopjra jltd df [rbiuljf Galstbtugbaljf. Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk praydgtj hulkjodltjfodltd su dhbgjgbj> - Waird df Pakdr Pakdr Dndgutbva> fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l la pudkd atarejr ul trjta kdsbeujf j qubdlds sd dlgudltrdl dl sbtujgbalds bkâltbgjs. - Waird df Pakdr Pakdr Fdebsfjtbva y Nukbgbjf, yj qud dstd prblgbpba prblgbpba supald ul jutâltbga fïobtd j su jgtujgb÷l, la s÷fa dl gujlta jf galtdlbka kd fj Fdy, sbla tjoibâl dl gujlta j su jfgjlgd (fj Fdy ds ulbvdrsjf pjrj takas). - Waird fjs rdfjgbalds dltrd fas pjrtbgufjrds, fas gujfds dstêl sundtas j fj Galstbtugb÷l y jf rdsta kdf arkdljobdlta nurïkbga. Df kdrdgma j fj beujfkjk la sbelbhbgj sdr beujf qud fas kdoês, sbla sdr trjtjka beujf qud fas kdoês dl takjs y gjkj ulj kd fjs rdfjgbalds nurïkbgjs qud sd galstruyjl. Dstd prblgbpba s÷fa sd vbafj gujlka sd trjtj kdsbeujfodltd j fas beujfds. Pjrdgd gfjra qud fj bltdlgb÷l kdf galstbtuydltd mj sbka fj kd dvbtjr gujfqubdr tbpa kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l par gujfqubdr gbrgulstjlgbj pdrsaljf a sagbjf, julqud odlgbaljlka dxprdsjodltd jfeulas supudstas qud sd kbstbleudl ibdl par su gjrêgtdr pjrtbgufjrodltd akbasa y jtdltjtarba galtrj fj kbelbkjk muojlj, ibdl parqud, mbst÷rbgjodltd, mjl sbka gal hrdgudlgbj gjusj kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l, ibdl parqud su jrrjbea sagbjf fds mjgd pjrtbgufjrodltd susgdptbifds kd galstbtubr ul oatbva kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l. Fjs galkbgbalds pjrj qud ul trjta kdsbeujf sdj galstbtutbva kd ulj kbhdrdlgbjgb÷l y la kd ulj kbsgrbobljgb÷l sal> - Fj kdsbeujfkjk kd fas supudstas supudstas kd mdgma. Dstd prblgbpba prblgbpba s÷fa sd vbafj gujlka gujlka sd trjtj trjtj kdsbeujfodltd j fas beujfds. - Fj hbljfbkjk. Fas pakdrds pþifbgas trjtjl kd kbhdrdltd haroj haroj j fas fas gbukjkjlas dl hulgb÷l kd fj hbljfbkjk qud pdrsbejl, yj qud pjrj qud ulj kbhdrdlgbj kd trjta dstâ galstbtugbaljfodltd nustbhbgjkj, mj kd tdldr ulj hbljfbkjk, fj gujf mjirê kd sdr rjzaljifd, a fa qud ds fa obsoa, galstbtugbaljfodltd fdeïtboj. - Fj jkdgujgb÷l jkdgujgb÷l dltrd df supudsta kd mdgma, fj galsdgudlgbj nurïkbgj y fj hbljfbkjk pdrsdeubkj. - Fj prapargbaljfbkjk, prapargbaljfbkjk, kd kd tjf ojldrj qud fj galsdgudlgbj nurïkbgj qud qud galstbtuyd df trjta kdsbeujf la dstâ kdsprapargbaljkj gal fj hbljfbkjk qud fa nustbhbqud. Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk ds ulj jpfbgjgb÷l tjoibâl kdf prblgbpba kd bltdrkbggb÷l kd fj jribtrjrbdkjk kdf jrt. 2.7 kd fj Galstbtugb÷l. Df dlfjgd dltrd kbsgrbobljgb÷l y jribtrjrbdkjk galsbstd dl atarejr ul trjta kbhdrdltd j fjs pdrsaljs, sbl qud dxbstj ulj ijsd aindtbvj y rjzaljifd pjrj dffa, par fa tjlta fa qud sd pramïid ds fj kbhdrdlgbj kd trjta jribtrjrbj. Fj beujfkjk dltrd sdxas ds ula kd fas prblgbpbas iêsbgas kdf oakdfa durapda kd kdoagrjgbj. Dl Dspjúj, la ds safjodltd ul prblgbpba, sbla ul jutâltbga kdrdgma suindtbva qud pudkd sdr blvagjka jltd fas [rbiuljfds. Dl df êoibta bltdrljgbaljf dxbstdl ulj sdrbd kd [dxtas bltdrljgbaljfds kd gjrêgtdr larojtbva qud sbrvdl pjrj bltdrprdtjr ludstrjs larojs bltdrljs ljgbaljfds rdfjtbvjs j fas kdrdgmas hulkjodltjfds qud fj Galstbtugb÷l rdgalagd, gaoa ds df gjsa kdf kdrdgma j fj beujfkjk y fj la kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. 50
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
Fj Galstbtugb÷l Dspjúafj dl su jrt. 28.: kdgfjrj qud fas [rjtjkas Bltdrljgbaljfds vêfbkjodltd gdfdirjkas, ulj vdz puifbgjkas ahbgbjfodltd dl Dspjúj, harojl pjrtd kdf arkdljobdlta bltdrla. Fas [dxtas bltdrljgbaljfds gdfdirjkas dl df sdla kd fj ALT sal> j) Kdgfjrjgb÷l Tlbvdrsjf Tlbvdrsjf kd Kdrdgmas Muojlas Muojlas Df jrt. jrt. 97 kd fj Kdgfjrjgb÷l Tlbvdrsjf kd Kdrdgmas Muojlas Muojlas jhbroj qud takj takj pdrsalj tbdld tbdld kdrdgma j fj fbird dfdggb÷l dfd ggb÷l kd su trjijna, j galkbgbalds dqubtjtbvjs y sjtbshjgtarbjs kd trjijna y j fj pratdggb÷l galtrj df kdsdopfda. Dl dstd obsoa jrt. sd jfukd jfukd tjoibâl j fj prambibgb÷l kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l jfeulj. i) Pjgta Bltdrljgbaljf kd Kdrdgmas Dgal÷obgas, Dgal÷obgas, Wagbjfds y Gufturjfds Dstd Pjgta galtbdld haroufjgbalds jgdrgj kdf prblgbpba prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dl rdfjgb÷l rdfjgb÷l j fas kdrdgmas saird galkbgbalds kd trjijna. Dl galgrdta, galgrdta, dl ojtdrbj kd kd beujfkjk kd rdtrbiugbalds, rdtrbiugbalds, dstd Pjgta Bltdrljgbaljf kd Kdrdgmas Kdrdgmas rdprdsdltj ul jvjlgd rdspdgta kd fj Kdgfjrjgb÷l kd Kdrdgmas Muojlas jf rdgalagdr df kdrdgma kd fas trjijnjkards j pdrgbibr beujf sjfjrba par trjijna kd beujf vjfar, y la sbopfdodltd par trjijna beujf. g) Galvdlgb÷l saird fj dfbobljgb÷l dfbobljgb÷l kd takjs fjs harojs kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l saird fjs oundrds Wd prdtdlkd df dstjifdgbobdlta kd odkbkjs jprapbjkjs pjrj dfbobljr fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l galtrj galtrj fj oundr dl fj dshdrj kdf dopfda, gal df hbl kd jsdeurjr, dl galkbgbalds kd beujfkjk dltrd maoirds y oundrds, fas obsoas kdrdgmas. Par atra fjka, fj Ahbgblj Bltdrljgbaljf kdf [rjijna ds ul arejlbsoa dspdgbjfbzjka kd fj ALT y su s u prblgbpjf odkba kd jggb÷l fa galstbtuydl fjs larojs bltdrljgbaljfds saird df trjijna, qud pudkd jkaptjr fj haroj kd Galvdlbas, [rjtjkas Bltdrljgbaljfds y Ydgaodlkjgbalds. Fj Ahbgblj Bltdrljgbaljf kdf [rjijna kbgtj ulj sdrbd kd galvdlbas y rdgaodlkjgbalds qud rdeufjl kbvdrsjs ojtdrbjs y qud sal fjs oês sbelbhbgjtbvjs dl rdfjgb÷l j fj galhbeurjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y la kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Dltrd dffjs pakdoas kdstjgjr> - Pratdggb÷l kd fj ojtdrlbkjk. - Beujfkjk kd kd rdouldrjgb÷l par trjijna kd beujf vjfar, sbl kbsgrbobljgb÷l par par rjz÷l kd sdxa. - Beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds y kd trjta. - Waird dopfda y pratdggb÷l galtrj df kdsdopfda. - Waird kdsjrraffa kd fas rdgursas muojlas. - Waird trjijnjkards gal rdspalsjibfbkjkds hjobfbjrds.
:.9 Dspdgbjf rdhdrdlgbj rdhdrdlgbj j fj Fdy Areêlbgj 7/9005, 7/9005, pjrj fj Beujfkjk Beujfkjk Dhdgtbvj kd Oundrds y Maoirds Fj beujfkjk kd trjta dltrd maoirds y oundrds ds ul prblgbpba hulkjodltjf kdf Kdrdgma. Fj beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds dltrd maoirds y oundrds ds ul kdrdgma kdf qud fj gbukjkjlïj kdoagrêtbgj kdid eazjr pfdljodltd. Wal dxbedlgbjs hulkjodltjfds kd fj kdoagrjgbj dltrd atrjs> - Df rdspdta j fj kbelbkjk muojlj. - Fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l pjrtbgbpjgb÷l tatjf kd fjs oundrds dl pbd kd beujfkjk gal gal fas maoirds dl fj vbkj dgal÷obgj, pafïpafïtbgj, sagbjf y gufturjf, y dl fas pragdsas kd kdgbsb÷l.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
5:
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Fj dvafugb÷l kd fas rdspdgtbvas pjpdfds kd fas maoirds y kd fjs oundrds, ds ula kd fas rjseas hulkjodltjfds kd fj dvafugb÷l kd fjs sagbdkjkds. Dl fas þftboas trdbltj júas fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l gjkj vdz ojyar kd fjs oundrds dl df odrgjka kd trjijna, fj blkdpdlkdlgbj dgal÷obgj kdrbvjkj kd dffj, su pjrtbgbpjgb÷l dl fj dlsdújlzj sdgulkjrbj y supdrbar y su dltrjkj dl êoibtas trjkbgbaljfodltd kaobljkas par fas maoirds sd mjl galstbtubka gaoa hdl÷odlas bopartjltds d brrdvdrsbifds. Fj Tlb÷l Durapdj mj kdsdopdújka ul pjpdf bopufsar dl fj dvafugb÷l kd fj odnarj kd fj sbtujgb÷l kd fjs oundrds dl fj sagbdkjk. Dl ijsd jf jrt. :45 kdf [rjtjka kd hulgbaljobdlta kd fj Tlb÷l Durapdj, qud galsjerj df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd rdtrbiugb÷l, fj Tlb÷l Durapdj mj jsdltjka kd haroj s÷fbkj df prblgbpba nurïkbga kd beujfkjk kd trjta dl fj vbkj prahdsbaljf.
J. Bltrakuggb÷l> larojtbvj ljgbaljf ljgbaljf dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds dltrd maoirds y oundrds Fj Galstbtugb÷l dspjúafj kd :25= rdgaed dl su jrt. :; df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk y fj prambibgb÷l kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa, jf kdgfjrjr qud takas sal beujfds jltd fj Fdy sbl qud pudkj prdvjfdgdr kbsgrbobljgb÷l jfeulj par dstj rjz÷l. Par atrj pjrtd df jrt. 2.9 kd fj Galstbtugb÷l sdújfj qud garrdspalkd j fas pakdrds pþifbgas praoavdr fjs galkbgbalds pjrj qud fj fbidrtjk y fj beujfkjk kdf blkbvbkua y kd fas erupas dl qud sd bltderjl sdjl rdjfds y dhdgtbvjs3 rdoavdr fas aistêgufas qud bopbkjl a kbhbguftdl dsj pfdlbtuk y hjgbfbtjr fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd takas fas gbukjkjlas dl fj f j vbkj pafïtbgj, dgal÷obgj, gufturjf y sagbjf. Garrdspalkd jf [rbiuljf Galstbtugbaljf ejrjltbzjr fj jpfbgjgb÷l kd fas kdrdgmas hulkjodltjfds rdgalagbkas dl ludstrj Galstbtugb÷l, jsï gaoa bltdrprdtjr su galtdlbka y jfgjlgd. Dl sus prbodrjs sdltdlgbjs, df [rbiuljf Galstbtugbaljf bltdrprdtjij fj beujfkjk dl df sdltbka oês rïebka3 la aistjltd, trjs fj blgarparjgb÷l kd Dspjúj j fj Tlb÷l Durapdj, fjs bltdrprdtjgbalds kd ludstra [rbiuljf sd dlgudltrjl oês dl galsaljlgbj gal fjs kdf [rbiuljf kd Nustbgbj kd fjs Gaoulbkjkds Durapdjs. Fas blstruodltas gal fas qud galtjoas pjrj mjgdr vjfdr df kdrdgma j fj beujfkjk kd trjta, kd apartulbkjkds y j fj la kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa fas kdlaobljoas blstruodltas kd tutdfj hrdltd j fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Kbstbleubrdoas fas sbeubdltds blstruodltas> - Blstruodltas kd kdpurjgb÷l kdf kdf arkdljobdlta nurïkbga> utbfbzjkas utbfbzjkas pjrj dfbobljr gujfqubdr tbpa kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l qud galtdlej fj laroj nurïkbgj. - H÷roufjs rdprdsbvjs> su aindtbva ds dfbobljr a sjlgbaljr fas dhdgtas kd fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l. Wal utbfbzjkas ulj vdz qud sd mj prakugbka df dhdgta kbsgrbobljtarba. - Pjrj paldr dl prêgtbgj dstd tbpa kd blstruodlta pakdoas pakdoas jgukbr j fj vïj nukbgbjf a j fj vïj jkoblbsjkoblbstrjtbvj-sjlgbaljkarj. - H÷roufjs kd tutdfj prdvdltbvj> dstd erupa dstê galstbtubka par takjs takjs jqudffjs odkbkjs tdlkdltds j gaopdlsjr a garrdebr fjs kdsbeujfkjkds kd fas gafdgtbvas kd ula u atra sdxa, trjtjlka kd dvbtjr fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l y sus galsdgudlgbjs pjrj pakdr jsï ejrjltbzjr fj beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds. Galharod j fj Fdy 97/:22=, kd 5 kd nufba, kd Gaapdrjgb÷l Bltdrljgbaljf pjrj df Kdsjrraffa, fj pafïtbgj dspjúafj kd gaapdrjgb÷l bltdrljgbaljf pjrj df kdsjrraffa, blspbrjkj dl fj Galstbtugb÷l, dxprdsj fj safbkjrbkjk kdf pudifa dspjúaf gal fas pjïsds dl kdsjrraffa y, pjrtbgufjrodltd, gal fas pudifas oês kdshjvardgbkas kd atrjs ljgbalds y sd ijsj dl ul jopfba galsdlsa pafïtbga y sagbjf j dsgjfj ljgbaljf, kd jgudrka, dltrd atras, gal df sbeubdltd prblgbpba> fj kdhdlsj y praoagb÷l kd fas Kdrdgmas muojlas 59
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
y fjs fbidrtjkds hulkjodltjfds, fj pjz, fj kdoagrjgbj y fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l gbukjkjlj dl galkbgbalds kd beujfkjk pjrj oundrds y maoirds y, dl edldrjf, fj la kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa, rjzj, gufturj a rdfbeb÷l, y df rdspdta j fj kbvdrsbkjk. Fj pafïtbgj dspjúafj kd gaapdrjgb÷l bltdrljgbaljf pjrj df kdsjrraffa, dl su aindtbva kd fugmjr galtrj fj pairdzj dl takjs sus ojlbhdstjgbalds, sd arbdltjrê dspdgbjfodltd j fj pratdggb÷l y rdspdta kd fas kdrdgmas muojlas, beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds, pjrtbgbpjgb÷l d bltderjgb÷l sagbjf kd fj oundr y kdhdlsj kd fas erupas kd paifjgb÷l oês vufldrjifds (odlards, gal dspdgbjf jtdlgb÷l j fj drrjkbgjgb÷l kd fj dxpfatjgb÷l fjiarjf blhjltbf, rdhuebjkas, kdspfjzjkas, rdtarljkas, blkïedljs, oblarïjs).
I. Fdy Areêlbgj 7/9005, kd 99 kd ojrza, pjrj pjrj fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj kd oundrds y maoirds Fj Fdy Areêlbgj 7/9005, kd 99 kd ojrza, pjrj fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj kd oundrds y maoirds galstj kd 5= jrtïgufas kbstrbiubkas dl ul [ïtufa Prdfbobljr y agma [ïtufas luodrjkas. Jkdoês gudltj gal trdbltj y ulj Kbspasbgbalds Jkbgbaljfds, algd Kbspasbgbalds [rjlsbtarbjs, ulj Kbspasbgb÷l Kdraejtarbj y agma Kbspasbgbalds Hbljfds. Wu dstrugturj ds fj sbeubdltd>
FDR AYEÊLBGJ PJYJ FJ BETJFKJK DHDG[BXJ KD OTNDYDW R MAOIYDW
Fdy Areêlbgj 7/9005, kd 99 kd ojrza, pjrj fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj kd oundrds y maoirds
[Ï[TFA PYDFBOBLJY. Aindta y êoibta kd fj Fdy [Ï[TFA B. Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk y fj tutdfj galtrj fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l [Ï[TFA BB. Pafïtbgjs pþifbgjs pjrj fj beujfkjk GJPÏ[TFA B. Prblgbpbas edldrjfds GJPÏ[TFA BB. Jggb÷l jkoblbstrjtbvj pjrj fj beujfkjk [Ï[TFA BBB. Beujfkjk y odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l [Ï[TFA BX. Df kdrdgma jf trjijna dl beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds GJPÏ[TFA B. Beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dl df êoibta fjiarjf GJPÏ[TFA BB. Beujfkjk y galgbfbjgb÷l GJPÏ[TFA BBB. Fas pfjlds kd beujfkjk kd fjs doprdsjs y atrjs odkbkjs kd praoagb÷l kd fj beujfkjk GJPÏ[TFA BX. Kbstbltbva doprdsjrbjf dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk [Ï[TFA X. Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dl df dopfda pþifbga GJPÏ[TFA B. Grbtdrbas kd jgtujgb÷l kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs GJPÏ[TFA BB. Df prblgbpba kd prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj dl fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y dl fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj GJPÏ[TFA BBB. Odkbkjs kd Beujfkjk dl df dopfda pjrj fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y pjrj fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj
dkbtarbjf } gdp
57
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9 GJPÏ[TFA BX. Hudrzjs Jrojkjs GJPÏ[TFA X. Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk kdf Dstjka [Ï[TFA XB. Beujfkjk kd trjta dl df jggdsa j ibdlds y sdrvbgbas y su suoblbstra [Ï[TFA XBB. Fj beujfkjk dl fj rdspalsjibfbkjk sagbjf kd fjs doprdsjs [Ï[TFA XBBB. Kbspasbgbalds arejlbzjtbvjs Kbspasbgbalds Jkbgbaljfds (7:) Kbspasbgbalds [rjlsbtarbjs (::) Kbspasbgb÷l Kdraejtarbj Þlbgj Kbspasbgbalds Hbljfds (=)
j. Aindta y êoibta kd fj Fdy • Aindta kd fj Fdy
Bopartjltd La galstbtubrê kbsgrbobljgb÷l dl df jggdsa jf dopfda, blgfubkj fj harojgb÷l ldgdsjrbj, ulj kbhdrdlgbj kd trjta ij sj kj dl ul j gj r jg t dr ïs tbgj rdfjgbaljkj gal df sdxa gujlka, kdibka j fj ljturjfdzj kd fjs jgtbvbkjkds prahdsbaljfds galgrdtjs a jf galtdxta dl df qud sd ffdvdl j gjia, kbgmj gjrjgtdrïstbgj galstbtuyj ul rdqubsbta prahdsbaljf dsdlgbjf y kdtdrobljltd, sbdoprd y gujlka df aindtbva sdj fdeïtboa y df rdqubsbta prapargbaljka.
5;
Fjs oundrds y fas maoirds sal beujfds dl kbelbkjk muojlj, d beujfds dl kdrdgmas y kdidrds. Dstj Fdy tbdld par aindta mjgdr dhdgtbva df kdrdgma kd beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds, dl pjrtbgufjr odkbjltd fj dfbobljgb÷l kd fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l kd fj oundr, sdj gujf hudrd su gbrgulstjlgbj a galkbgb÷l, dl gujfdsqubdrj kd fas êoibtas kd fj vbkj y, sbleufjrodltd, dl fjs dshdrjs dshd rjs pafïtbgj, gbvbf, fjiarjf, dgal÷obgj, sagbjf y gufturjf pjrj, dl df kdsjrraffa kd fas jrtïgufas 2.9 y :; kd fj Galstbtugb÷l, jfgjlzjr ulj sagbdkjk oês kdoagrêtbgj, oês nustj y oês safbkjrbj. J dstas dhdgtas, fj Fdy dstjifdgd prblgbpbas kd jgtujgb÷l kd fas Pakdrds Pþifbgas, rdeufj kdrdgmas y kdidrds kd fjs pdrsaljs hïsbgjs y nurïkbgjs, tjlta pþifbgjs gaoa prbvjkjs, y prdvâ odkbkjs kdstbljkjs j dfbobljr y garrdebr dl fas sdgtards pþifbga y prbvjka, takj haroj kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. • Êoibta kd jpfbgjgb÷l
[akjs fjs pdrsaljs eazjrêl kd fas kdrdgmas kdrbvjkas kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y kd fj prambibgb÷l kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Fjs aifbejgbalds dstjifdgbkjs dl dstj Fdy sdrêl kd jpfbgjgb÷l j takj pdrsalj, hïsbgj a nurïkbgj, qud sd dlgudltrd a jgtþd dl tdrrbtarba dspjúaf, gujfqubdrj qud hudsd su ljgbaljfbkjk, kaobgbfba a rdsbkdlgbj. i. Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk y fj tutdfj galtrj fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l • Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta dltrd oundrds y maoirds
Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta dltrd oundrds y maoirds supald fj jusdlgbj kd takj kbsgrbobljgb÷l, kbrdgtj a blkb
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
rdgtj, par rjz÷l kd sdxa, y, dspdgbjfodltd, fjs kdrbvjkjs kd fj ojtdrlbkjk, fj jsulgb÷l kd aifbejgbalds hjobfbjrds y df dstjka gbvbf. • Bltderjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dl fj bltdrprdtjgb÷l y jpfbgjgb÷l kd fjs larojs
Fj beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds ds ul prblgbpba blharojkar kdf arkdljobdlta nurïkbga y, gaoa tjf, sd bltderjrê y aisdrvjrê dl fj bltdrprdtjgb÷l y jpfbgjgb÷l kd fjs larojs nurïkbgjs. • Beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dl df jggdsa jf dopfda, dl fj harojgb÷l y dl fj praoagb÷l prahdsbaljfds, y dl fjs galkbgbalds kd trjijna
Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds, jpfbgjifd dl df êoibta kdf dopfda prbvjka y dl df kdf dopfda pþifbga, sd ejrjltbzjrê, dl fas târoblas prdvbstas dl fj larojtbvj jpfbgjifd, dl df jggdsa jf dopfda, blgfusa jf trjijna par gudltj prapbj, dl fj harojgb÷l prahdsbaljf, dl fj praoagb÷l prahdsbaljf, dl fjs galkbgbalds kd trjijna, blgfubkjs fjs rdtrbiutbvjs y fjs kd kdspbka, y dl fj jhbfbjgb÷l y pjrtbgbpjgb÷l dl fjs arejlbzjgbalds sblkbgjfds y doprdsjrbjfds, a dl gujfqubdr arejlbzjgb÷l guyas obdoiras dndrzjl ulj prahdsb÷l galgrdtj, blgfubkjs fjs prdstjgbalds galgdkbkjs par fjs obsojs. • Kbsgrbobljgb÷l kbrdgtj d blkbrdgtj
Wd galsbkdrj kbsgrbobljgb÷l kbrdgtj par rjz÷l kd sdxa fj sbtujgb÷l dl qud sd dlgudltrj ulj pdrsalj qud sdj, mjyj sbka a pukbdrj sdr trjtjkj, dl jtdlgb÷l j su sdxa, kd ojldrj odlas hjvarjifd qud atrj dl sbtujgb÷l gaopjrjifd. Wd galsbkdrj kbsgrbobljgb÷l blkbrdgtj par rjz÷l kd sdxa fj sbtujgb÷l dl qud ulj kbspasbgb÷l, grbtdrba a prêgtbgj jpjrdltdodltd ldutras pald j pdrsaljs kd ul sdxa dl kdsvdltjnj pjrtbgufjr gal rdspdgta j pdrsaljs kdf atra, sjfva qud kbgmj kbspasbgb÷l, grbtdrba a prêgtbgj pudkjl nustbhbgjrsd aindtbvjodltd dl jtdlgb÷l j ulj hbljfbkjk fdeïtboj y qud fas odkbas pjrj jfgjlzjr kbgmj hbljfbkjk sdjl ldgdsjrbas y jkdgujkas.
Jtdlgb÷l Dl gujfqubdr gjsa, sd galsbkdrj kbsgrbobljtarbj takj arkdl kd kbsgrbobljr, kbrdgtj a blkbrdgtjodltd, par rjz÷l kd sdxa.
• Jgasa sdxujf y jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa
Wbl pdrnubgba kd fa dstjifdgbka dl df G÷kbea Pdljf, j fas dhdgtas kd dstj Fdy galstbtuyd jgasa sdxujf gujfqubdr gaopartjobdlta, vdrijf a hïsbga, kd ljturjfdzj sdxujf qud tdlej df prap÷sbta a prakuzgj df dhdgta kd jtdltjr galtrj fj kbelbkjk kd ulj pdrsalj, dl pjrtbgufjr gujlka sd grdj ul dltarla bltbobkjtarba, kderjkjltd u ahdlsbva. dkbtarbjf } gdp
54
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Galstbtuyd jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa gujfqubdr gaopartjobdlta rdjfbzjka dl hulgb÷l kdf sdxa kd ulj pdrsalj, gal df prap÷sbta a df dhdgta kd jtdltjr galtrj su kbelbkjk y kd grdjr ul dltarla bltbobkjtarba, kderjkjltd u ahdlsbva. Wd galsbkdrjrêl dl taka gjsa kbsgrbobljtarbas df jgasa sdxujf y df jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Df galkbgbaljobdlta kd ul kdrdgma a kd ulj dxpdgtjtbvj kd kdrdgma j fj jgdptjgb÷l kd ulj sbtujgb÷l galstbtutbvj kd jgasa sdxujf a kd jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa sd galsbkdrjrê tjoibâl jgta kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. • Kbsgrbobljgb÷l par doijrjza a ojtdrlbkjk
Galstbtuyd kbsgrbobljgb÷l kbrdgtj par rjz÷l kd sdxa taka trjta kdshjvarjifd j fjs oundrds rdfjgbaljka gal df doijrjza a fj ojtdrlbkjk. • Blkdolbkjk hrdltd j rdprdsjfbjs
[joibâl sd galsbkdrjrê kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa gujfqubdr trjta jkvdrsa a dhdgta ldejtbva qud sd prakuzgj dl ulj pdrsalj gaoa galsdgudlgbj kd fj prdsdltjgb÷l par su pjrtd kd qudnj, rdgfjojgb÷l, kdlulgbj, kdojlkj a rdgursa, kd gujfqubdr tbpa, kdstbljkas j bopdkbr su kbsgrbobljgb÷l y j dxbebr df guopfbobdlta dhdgtbva kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta dltrd oundrds y maoirds. • Galsdgudlgbjs nurïkbgjs nurïkbgjs kd fjs galkugtjs kbsgrbobljtarbjs
Fas jgtas y fjs gfêusufjs kd fas ldeagbas nurïkbgas qud galstbtuyjl a gjusdl kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa sd galsbkdrjrêl lufas y sbl dhdgta, y kjrêl fuejr j rdspalsjibfbkjk j trjvâs kd ul sbstdoj kd rdpjrjgbalds a blkdolbzjgbalds qud sdjl rdjfds, dhdgtbvjs y prapargbaljkjs jf pdrnubgba suhrbka, jsï gaoa, dl su gjsa, j trjvâs kd ul sbstdoj dhbgjz y kbsujsarba kd sjlgbalds qud prdvdlej fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kd galkugtjs kbsgrbobljtarbjs. • Jggbalds pasbtbvjs
Gal df hbl kd mjgdr dhdgtbva df kdrdgma galstbtugbaljf kd fj beujfkjk, fas Pakdrds Pþifbgas jkaptjrêl odkbkjs dspdgïhbgjs dl hjvar kd fjs oundrds pjrj garrdebr sbtujgbalds pjtdltds kd kdsbeujfkjk kd mdgma rdspdgta kd fas maoirds. [jfds odkbkjs, qud sdrêl jpfbgjifds dl tjlta suisbstjl kbgmjs sbtujgbalds, mjirêl kd sdr rjzaljifds y prapargbaljkjs dl rdfjgb÷l gal df aindtbva pdrsdeubka dl gjkj gjsa. [joibâl fjs pdrsaljs hïsbgjs y nurïkbgjs prbvjkjs pakrêl jkaptjr dstd tbpa kd odkbkjs dl fas târoblas dstjifdgbkas dl fj prdsdltd Fdy. • [utdfj nukbgbjf dhdgtbvj
Gujfqubdr pdrsalj pakrê rdgjijr kd fas trbiuljfds fj tutdfj kdf kdrdgma j fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds, kd jgudrka gal fa dstjifdgbka dl df jrtïgufa 47.9 kd fj Galstbtugb÷l, blgfusa trjs fj tdrobljgb÷l kd fj rdfjgb÷l dl fj qud supudstjodltd sd mj prakugbka fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l. Fj gjpjgbkjk y fdebtbojgb÷l pjrj bltdrvdlbr dl fas pragdsas gbvbfds, sagbjfds y galtdlgbasa-jkoblbstrjtbvas qud vdrsdl saird fj kdhdlsj kd dstd kdrdgma garrdspalkdl j fjs pdrsaljs hïsbgjs y nurïkbgjs gal bltdrâs fdeïtboa, kdtdrobljkjs dl fjs Fdyds rdeufjkarjs kd dstas pragdsas. Fj pdrsalj jgasjkj sdrê fj þlbgj fdebtbojkj dl fas fbtbebas saird jgasa sdxujf y jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa.
58
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas Jrt. 47.9 GD 9. Gujfqubdr gbukjkjla pakrê rdgjijr fj tutdfj kd fjs fbidrtjkds y kdrdgmas rdgalagbkas dl df jrtïgufa :; y fj Wdggb÷l prbodrj kdf Gjpïtufa sdeulka jltd fas [rbiuljfds arkbljrbas par ul pragdkbobdlta ijsjka dl fas prblgbpbas kd prdhdrdlgbj y suojrbdkjk y, dl su gjsa, j trjvâs kdf rdgursa kd jopjra jltd df [rbiuljf Galstbtugbaljf. Dstd þftboa rdgursa sdrê jpfbgjifd j fj aindgb÷l kd galgbdlgbj rdgalagbkj dl df jrtïgufa 70. • Prudij
Kd jgudrka gal fjs Fdyds pragdsjfds, dl jqudffas pragdkbobdltas dl fas qud fjs jfdejgbalds kd fj pjrtd jgtarj sd hulkjodltdl dl jgtujgbalds kbsgrbobljtarbjs, par rjz÷l kd sdxa, garrdspalkdrê j fj pdrsalj kdojlkjkj praijr fj jusdlgbj kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l dl fjs odkbkjs jkaptjkjs y su prapargbaljfbkjk. J fas dhdgtas kd fa kbspudsta dl df pêrrjha jltdrbar, df ÷rejla nukbgbjf, j blstjlgbj kd pjrtd, pakrê rdgj ijr, sb fa dstbojsd þtbf y pdrtbldltd, blharod a kbgtjodl kd fas arejlbsoas arejlbsoas pþifbgas gaopdtdltds. Fa dstjifdgbka dl df jpjrtjka jltdrbar la sdrê kd jpfbgjgb÷l j fas pragdsas pdljfds. g. Pafïtbgjs pþifbgjs pjrj fj beujfkjk • Prblgbpbas edldrjfds
Grbtdrbas edldrjfds kd jgtujgb÷l kd fas Pakdrds Pþifbgas J fas hblds kd dstj Fdy, sdrêl grbtdrbas edldrjfds kd jgtujgb÷l kd fas Pakdrds Pþifbgas> :) Df gaopraobsa gal fj dhdgtbvbkjk kdf kdrdgma galstbtugbaljf kd beujfkjk beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds. 9) Fj bltderjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds apartulbkjkds dl df galnulta kd fjs pafïtbgjs dgal÷obgj, fjiarjf, sagbjf, gufturjf y jrtïstbgj, gal df hbl kd dvbtjr fj sderdejgb÷l fjiarjf y dfbobljr fjs kbhdrdlgbjs rdtrbiutbvjs, jsï gaoa patdlgbjr df grdgbobdlta kdf doprdsjrbjka hdodlbla dl takas fas êoibtas qud jijrqud df galnulta kd pafïtbgjs y df vjfar kdf trjijna kd fjs oundrds, blgfubka df kaoâstbga. 7) Fj gafjiarjgb÷l y gaapdrjgb÷l dltrd fjs kbstbltjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs dl fj jpfbgjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds. ;) Fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l dqubfbirjkj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds dl fjs gjlkbkjturjs gjlkbkjturjs dfdgtarjfds y dl fj taoj kd kdgbsbalds. 4) Fj jkapgb÷l kd fjs odkbkjs ldgdsjrbjs pjrj fj drrjkbgjgb÷l drrjkbgjgb÷l kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, fj vbafdlgbj hjobfbjr y takjs fjs harojs kd jgasa sdxujf y jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa. 8) Fj galsbkdrjgb÷l kd fjs sbleufjrds kbhbguftjkds dl qud sd dlgudltrjl fjs oundrds kd gafdgtbvas gafdgtbvas kd dspdgbjf vufldrjibfbkjk gaoa sal fjs qud pdrtdldgdl j oblarïjs, fjs oundrds oberjltds, fjs lbújs, fjs oundrds gal kbsgjpjgbkjk, fjs oundrds ojyards, fjs oundrds vbukjs y fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, pjrj fjs gujfds fas pakdrds pþifbgas pakrêl jkaptjr, beujfodltd, odkbkjs kd jggb÷l pasbtbvj. 5) Fj pratdggb÷l kd fj ojtdrlbkjk, gal dspdgbjf jtdlgb÷l j fj jsulgb÷l par fj sagbdkjk sagbdkjk kd fas dhdgtas kdrbvjkas kdf doijrjza, pjrta y fjgtjlgbj.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
55
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
=) Df dstjifdgbobdlta dstjifdgbobdl ta kd odkbkjs qud jsdeurdl fj galgbfbjgb÷l kdf trjijna y kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf y hjobfbjr kd fjs oundrds y fas maoirds, jsï gaoa df haodlta kd fj garrdspalsjibfbkjk dl fjs fjiards kaoâstbgjs y dl fj jtdlgb÷l j fj hjobfbj. 2) Df haodlta kd blstruodltas kd gafjiarjgb÷l dltrd fjs kbstbltjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs y fas jedltds sagbjfds, fjs jsagbjgbalds kd oundrds y atrjs dltbkjkds prbvjkjs. :0) Df haodlta kd fj dhdgtbvbkjk kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl fjs rdfjgbalds dltrd pjrtbgufjrds. ::) Fj bopfjltjgb÷l kd ul fdleujnd la sdxbstj dl df êoibta jkoblbstrjtbva y su haodlta dl fj tatjfbkjk kd fjs rdfjgbalds sagbjfds, gufturjfds y jrtïstbgjs. :9) [akas fas pultas galsbkdrjkas dl dstd jrtïgufa sd praoavdrêl d bltderjrêl kd beujf ojldrj dl fj pafïtbgj dspjúafj kd gaapdrjgb÷l bltdrljgbaljf pjrj df kdsjrraffa. [rjlsvdrsjfbkjk kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta dltrd oundrds y maoirds Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds blharojrê, gal gjrêgtdr trjlsvdrsjf, fj jgtujgb÷l kd takas fas Pakdrds Pþifbgas. Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs fa bltderjrêl, kd haroj jgtbvj, dl fj jkapgb÷l y dndgugb÷l kd sus kbspasbgbalds larojtbvjs, dl fj kdhblbgb÷l y prdsupudstjgb÷l kd pafïtbgjs pþifbgjs dl takas fas êoibtas y dl df kdsjrraffa kdf galnulta kd takjs sus jgtbvbkjkds. Laoirjobdltas rdjfbzjkas par fas Pakdrds Pþifbgas Fas Pakdrds Pþifbgas pragurjrêl jtdlkdr jf prblgbpba kd prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds dl fas laoirjobdltas y kdsbeljgbalds kd fas gjreas kd rdspalsjibfbkjk qud fds garrdspalkjl. Pfjl Dstrjtâebga kd Beujfkjk kd Apartulbkjkds Df Eaibdrla, dl fjs ojtdrbjs qud sdjl kd fj gaopdtdlgbj kdf Dstjka, jpraijrê pdrb÷kbgjodltd ul Pfjl Dstrjtâebga kd Beujfkjk kd Apartulbkjkds, qud blgfubrê odkbkjs pjrj jfgjlzjr df aindtbva kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds y dfbobljr fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Blharod pdrb÷kbga Dl fas târoblas qud rdefjodltjrbjodltd sd kdtdrobldl, df Eaibdrla dfjiarjrê ul blharod pdrb÷kbga saird df galnulta kd sus jgtujgbalds dl rdfjgb÷l gal fj dhdgtbvbkjk kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds. Kd dstd blharod sd kjrê gudltj j fjs Gartds Edldrjfds. Blharods kd bopjgta kd eâldra Fas praydgtas kd kbspasbgbalds kd gjrêgtdr edldrjf y fas pfjlds kd dspdgbjf rdfdvjlgbj dgal÷obgj, sagbjf, gufturjf y jrtïstbgj qud sd saodtjl j fj jpraijgb÷l kdf Galsdna kd Oblbstras kdidrêl blgarparjr ul blharod saird su bopjgta par rjz÷l kd eâldra. Jkdgujgb÷l kd fjs dstjkïstbgjs y dstukbas Jf aindta kd mjgdr dhdgtbvjs fjs kbspasbgbalds galtdlbkjs dl dstj Fdy y qud sd ejrjltbgd fj bltderjgb÷l kd oaka dhdgtbva kd fj pdrspdgtbvj kd eâldra dl su jgtbvbkjk arkbljrbj, fas pakdrds pþifbgas, dl fj dfjiarjgb÷l kd sus dstukbas y dstjkïstbgjs, kdidrêl> j) Blgfubr sbstdoêtbgjodltd fj vjrbjifd kd sdxa dl fjs dstjkïstbgjs, dlgudstjs y rdgaebkj rdgaebkj kd kjtas qud ffdvdl j gjia. i) Dstjifdgdr d blgfubr dl fjs apdrjgbalds dstjkïstbgjs ludvas blkbgjkards qud pasbibfbtdl ul odnar galagbobdlta kd fjs kbhdrdlgbjs dl fas vjfards, rafds, sbtujgbalds, galkbgbalds, jspbrjgbalds y ldgdsbkjkds kd oundrds y maoirds, su ojlbhdstjgb÷l d bltdrjggb÷l dl fj rdjfbkjk qud sd vjyj j jljfbzjr. 5=
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
g) Kbsdújr d bltrakugbr fas blkbgjkards blkbgjkards y odgjlbsoas ldgdsjrbas qud pdrobtjl df galagbobdlta galagbobdlta kd fj blgbkdlgbj kd atrjs vjrbjifds guyj galgurrdlgbj rdsuftj edldrjkarj kd sbtujgbalds kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l oþftbpfd dl fas kbhdrdltds êoibtas kd bltdrvdlgb÷l. k) Ydjfbzjr oudstrjs fa suhbgbdltdodltd jopfbjs gaoa pjrj qud fjs kbvdrsjs vjrbjifds blgfubkjs pudkjl sdr dxpfatjkjs y jljfbzjkjs dl hulgb÷l kd fj vjrbjifd kd sdxa. d) Dxpfatjr fas kjtas kd qud kbspaldl kd oaka qud sd pudkjl galagdr fjs kbhdrdltds sbtujgbalds, galkbgbalds, jspbrjgbalds y ldgdsbkjkds kd oundrds y maoirds dl fas kbhdrdltds êoibtas kd bltdrvdlgb÷l. h) Ydvbsjr y, dl su gjsa, jkdgujr fjs kdhblbgbalds dstjkïstbgjs dxbstdltds gal aindta kd galtrbiubr jf rdgalagbobdlta y vjfarjgb÷l kdf trjijna kd fjs oundrds y dvbtjr fj dstdrdatbpjgb÷l d stdrdatbpjgb÷l ldejtbvj kd kdtdrobljkas gafdgtbvas kd oundrds. W÷fa dxgdpgbaljfodltd, y odkbjltd blharod oatbvjka y jpraijka par df ÷rejla gaopdtdltd, pakrê nustbhbgjrsd df blguopfbobdlta kd jfeulj kd fjs aifbejgbalds jltdrbarodltd jltdrbarodltd dspdgbhbgjkjs. Gafjiarjgb÷l dltrd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs Fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds kd fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs gaapdrjrêl pjrj bltderjr df kdrdgma kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl df dndrgbgba kd sus rdspdgtbvjs gaopdtdlgbjs y, dl dspdgbjf, dl sus jgtujgbalds kd pfjlbhbgjgb÷l. Dl df sdla kd fj Galhdrdlgbj Wdgtarbjf kd fj Oundr pakrêl jkaptjrsd pfjlds y praerjojs galnultas kd jgtujgb÷l gal dstj ds tj hbljfbkjk. Fjs Dltbkjkds Fagjfds bltderjrêl df kdrdgma kd beujfkjk dl df dndrgbgba kd sus gaopdtdlgbjs y gafjiarjrêl, j tjf dhdgta, gal df rdsta kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs. Jggbalds kd pfjlbhbgjgb÷l dqubtjtbvj kd fas tbdopas Gal df hbl kd jvjlzjr mjgbj ul rdpjrta dqubtjtbva kd fas tbdopas dltrd oundrds y maoirds, fjs garparjgbalds fagjfds pakrêl dstjifdgdr Pfjlds Oulbgbpjfds kd arejlbzjgb÷l kdf tbdopa kd fj gbukjk. Wbl pdrnubgba kd fjs gaopdtdlgbjs kd fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs, df Dstjka pakrê prdstjr jsbstdlgbj tâglbgj pjrj fj dfjiarjgb÷l kd dstas pfjlds. • Jggb÷l jkoblbstrjtbvj pjrj fj fj beujfkjk beujfkjk
Fj dkugjgb÷l pjrj fj beujfkjk kd oundrds y maoirds Df sbstdoj dkugjtbva blgfubrê dltrd sus hblds fj dkugjgb÷l dl df rdspdta kd fas kdrdgmas y fbidrtjkds hulkjodltjfds y dl fj beujfkjk kd kdrdgmas y apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds. Jsbobsoa, df sbstdoj dkugjtbva blgfubrê, kdltra kd sus prblgbpbas kd gjfbkjk, fj dfbobljgb÷l kd fas aistêgufas qud kbhbguftjl fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj dltrd oundrds y maoirds y df haodlta kd fj beujfkjk pfdlj dltrd uljs y atras. Bltderjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dl fj pafïtbgj kd dkugjgb÷l Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds dkugjtbvjs ejrjltbzjrêl ul beujf kdrdgma j fj dkugjgb÷l kd oundrds y maoirds j trjvâs kd fj bltderjgb÷l jgtbvj, dl fas aindtbvas y dl fjs jgtujgbalds dkugjtbvjs, kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta, dvbtjlka qud, par gaopartjobdltas sdxbstjs a par fas dstdrdatbpas sagbjfds jsagbjkas, sd prakuzgjl kdsbeujfkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds. Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds dkugjtbvjs, dl df êoibta kd sus rdspdgtbvjs gaopdtdlgbjs, kdsjrraffjrêl, gal tjf hbljfbkjk, fjs sbeubdltds jgtujgbalds> j) Fj jtdlgb÷l dspdgbjf dl fas gurrïgufas gurrïgufas y dl takjs fjs dtjpjs dtjpjs dkugjtbvjs jf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
52
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
i) Fj dfbobljgb÷l y df rdgmjza kd fas gaopartjobdltas gaopartjobdltas y galtdlbkas galtdlbkas sdxbstjs y dstdrdatbpas qud supalsupalejl kbsgrbobljgb÷l dltrd oundrds y maoirds, gal dspdgbjf galsbkdrjgb÷l j dffa dl fas fbiras kd tdxta y ojtdrbjfds dkugjtbvas. g) Fj bltderjgb÷l kdf dstukba y jpfbgjgb÷l jpfbgjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk beujfkjk dl fas gursas y praerjojs pjrj pjrj fj harojgb÷l blbgbjf y pdrojldltd kdf prahdsarjka. k) Fj praoagb÷l kd fj prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds dl fas ÷rejlas kd galtraf y kd eaibdrla kd fas gdltras kagdltds. d) Fj gaapdrjgb÷l gal df rdsta kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds dkugjtbvjs dkugjtbvjs pjrj df kdsjrraffa kd praydgtas y praerjojs kbrbebkas j haodltjr df galagbobdlta y fj kbhusb÷l, dltrd fjs pdrsaljs kd fj gaoulbkjk dkugjtbvj, kd fas prblgbpbas kd gadkugjgb÷l y kd beujfkjk dhdgtbvj dltrd oundrds y maoirds. h) Df dstjifdgbobdlta kd odkbkjs dkugjtbvjs kdstbljkjs jf rdgalagbobdlta rdgalagbobdlta y dlsdújlzj kdf kdf pjpdf kd fjs oundrds dl fj Mbstarbj. • Fj beujfkjk dl df êoibta kd fj dkugjgb÷l dkugjgb÷l supdrbar
Dl df êoibta kd fj dkugjgb÷l supdrbar, fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs dl df dndrgbgba kd sus rdspdgtbvjs gaopdtdlgbjs haodltjrêl fj dlsdújlzj y fj blvdstbejgb÷l saird df sbelbhbgjka y jfgjlgd kd fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds. Dl pjrtbgufjr, y gal tjf hbljfbkjk, fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs praoavdrêl> j) Fj blgfusb÷l, dl fas pfjlds kd dstukba dstukba dl qud pragdkj, kd kd dlsdújlzjs dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds. i) Fj grdjgb÷l kd pasterjkas dspdgïhbgas. dspdgïhbgas. g) Fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kd kd dstukbas d blvdstbejgbalds dspdgbjfbzjkjs dl fj ojtdrbj. Fj beujfkjk dl df êoibta kd fj grdjgb÷l y prakuggb÷l jrtïstbgj d bltdfdgtujf Fjs jutarbkjkds pþifbgjs, dl df êoibta kd sus gaopdtdlgbjs, vdfjrêl par mjgdr dhdgtbva df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl taka fa galgdrlbdltd j fj grdjgb÷l y prakuggb÷l jrtïstbgj d bltdfdgtujf y j fj kbhusb÷l kd fj obsoj. Fas kbstbltas arejlbsoas, jedlgbjs, dltds y kdoês dstrugturjs kd fjs jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs qud kd oaka kbrdgta a blkbrdgta galhbeurdl df sbstdoj kd edstb÷l gufturjf, kdsjrraffjrêl fjs sbeubdltds jgtujgbalds> j) Jkaptjr blbgbjtbvjs kdstbljkjs j hjvardgdr hjvardgdr fj praoagb÷l dspdgïhbgj kd fjs oundrds dl fj gufturj gufturj y j gaoijtbr su kbsgrbobljgb÷l dstrugturjf y/a kbhusj. i) Pafïtbgjs jgtbvjs kd jyukj j fj grdjgb÷l y prakuggb÷l jrtïstbgj d bltdfdgtujf kd jutarïj hdodlblj, trjkugbkjs dl blgdltbvas kd ljturjfdzj dgal÷obgj, gal df aindta kd grdjr fjs galkbgbalds pjrj qud sd prakuzgj ulj dhdgtbvj beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds. g) Praoavdr fj prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds maoirds dl fj ahdrtj jrtïstbgj y gufturjf pþifbgj. k) Zud sd rdspdtd y sd ejrjltbgd fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l dqubfbirjkj dl fas kbstbltas ÷rejlas galsuftbvas, gbdltïhbgas y kd kdgbsb÷l dxbstdltds dl df arejlberjoj jrtïstbga y gufturjf. d) Jkaptjr odkbkjs kd jggb÷l jggb÷l pasbtbvj j fj grdjgb÷l y prakuggb÷l prakuggb÷l jrtïstbgj d bltdfdgtujf kd fjs oundrds, prapbgbjlka df bltdrgjoiba gufturjf, bltdfdgtujf y jrtïstbga, tjlta ljgbaljf gaoa bltdrljgbaljf, y fj susgrbpgb÷l kd galvdlbas gal fas arejlbsoas gaopdtdltds.
=0
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
h) Dl edldrjf y jf jopjra kdf kdf jrtïgufa :: kd fj prdsdltd prdsdltd Fdy, takjs fjs jggbalds pasbtbvjs pasbtbvjs ldgdsjrbjs pjrj garrdebr fjs sbtujgbalds kd kdsbeujfkjk dl fj prakuggb÷l y grdjgb÷l bltdfdgtujf jrtïstbgj y gufturjf kd fjs oundrds. • Bltderjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dl fj pafïtbgj kd sjfuk
Fjs pafïtbgjs, dstrjtdebjs y praerjojs kd sjfuk bltderjrêl, dl su haroufjgb÷l, kdsjrraffa y dvjfujgb÷l, fjs kbstbltjs ldgdsbkjkds kd oundrds y maoirds y fjs odkbkjs ldgdsjrbjs pjrj jiarkjrfjs jkdgujkjodltd. Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs ejrjltbzjrêl ul beujf kdrdgma j fj sjfuk kd fjs oundrds y maoirds, j trjvâs kd fj bltderjgb÷l jgtbvj, dl fas aindtbvas y dl fjs jgtujgbalds kd fj pafïtbgj kd sjfuk, kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta, dvbtjlka qud par sus kbhdrdlgbjs ibaf÷ebgjs a par fas dstdrdatbpas sagbjfds jsagbjkas, sd prakuzgjl kbsgrbobljgbalds dltrd uljs y atras. Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs, j trjvâs kd sus Wdrvbgbas kd Wjfuk y kd fas ÷rejlas gaopdtdltds dl gjkj gjsa, kdsjrraffjrêl, kd jgudrka gal df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds, fjs sbeubdltds jgtujgbalds> j) Fj jkapgb÷l sbstdoêtbgj, kdltra kd kd fjs jggbalds kd dkugjgb÷l sjlbtjrbj, kd blbgbjtbvjs kdstbljkjs kdstbljkjs j hjvardgdr fj praoagb÷l dspdgïhbgj kd fj sjfuk kd fjs oundrds, jsï gaoa j prdvdlbr su kbsgrbobljgb÷l. i) Df haodlta kd fj blvdstbejgb÷l gbdltïhbgj qud jtbdlkj fjs kbhdrdlgbjs dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl rdfjgb÷l gal fj pratdggb÷l kd su sjfuk, dspdgbjfodltd dl fa rdhdrbka j fj jggdsbibfbkjk y df dshudrza kbjel÷stbga y tdrjpâutbga, tjlta dl sus jspdgtas kd dlsjyas gfïlbgas gaoa jsbstdlgbjfds. g) Fj galsbkdrjgb÷l, kdltra kd fj pratdggb÷l, praoagb÷l praoagb÷l y odnarj kd kd fj sjfuk fjiarjf, kdf jgasa sdxujf y df jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa. k) Fj bltderjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dl fj harojgb÷l kdf pdrsaljf jf sdrvbgba kd fjs arejlbzjgbalds sjlbtjrbjs, ejrjltbzjlka dl dspdgbjf su gjpjgbkjk pjrj kdtdgtjr y jtdlkdr fjs sbtujgbalds kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. d) Fj prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds dl fas pudstas kbrdgtbvas y kd rdspalsjibfbkjk rdspalsjibfbkjk prahdsbaljf kdf galnulta kdf Wbstdoj Ljgbaljf kd Wjfuk. h) Fj aitdlgb÷l y df trjtjobdlta trjtjobdlta kdsjerdejkas par sdxa, sbdoprd qud sdj pasbifd, kd kd fas kjtas galtdlbgaltdlbkas dl rdebstras, dlgudstjs, dstjkïstbgjs u atras sbstdojs kd blharojgb÷l oâkbgj y sjlbtjrbj. Wagbdkjk kd fj Blharojgb÷l [akas fas praerjojs pþifbgas kd kdsjrraffa kd fj Wagbdkjk kd fj Blharojgb÷l blgarparjrêl fj dhdgtbvj galsbkdrjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl su kbsdúa y dndgugb÷l. Df Eaibdrla praoavdrê fj pfdlj blgarparjgb÷l kd fjs oundrds dl fj Wagbdkjk kd fj Blharojgb÷l odkbjltd df kdsjrraffa kd praerjojs dspdgïhbgas, dl dspdgbjf, dl ojtdrbj kd jggdsa y harojgb÷l dl tdglafaeïjs kd fj blharojgb÷l y kd fjs gaoulbgjgbalds, galtdopfjlka fjs kd gafdgtbvas kd rbdsea kd dxgfusb÷l y kdf êoibta rurjf. Df Eaibdrla praoavdrê fas galtdlbkas grdjkas par oundrds dl df êoibta kd fj Wagbdkjk kd fj Blharojgb÷l. Dl fas praydgtas kdf êoibta kd fjs tdglafaeïjs kd fj blharojgb÷l y fj gaoulbgjgb÷l suhrjejkas tatjf a pjrgbjfodltd gal kbldra pþifbga, sd ejrjltbzjrê qud su fdleujnd y galtdlbkas sdjl la sdxbstjs.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
=:
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9 Kdpartds [akas fas praerjojs pþifbgas kd kdsjrraffa kdf kdpartd blgarparjrêl fj dhdgtbvj galsbkdrjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk rdjf y dhdgtbvj dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl su kbsdúa y dndgugb÷l. Df Eaibdrla praoavdrê df kdpartd hdodlbla y hjvardgdrê fj dhdgtbvj jpdrturj kd fjs kbsgbpfbljs kdpartbvjs j fjs oundrds, odkbjltd df kdsjrraffa kd praerjojs dspdgïhbgas dl takjs fjs dtjpjs kd fj vbkj y dl takas fas lbvdfds, blgfubkas fas kd rdspalsjibfbkjk y kdgbsb÷l. Kdsjrraffa rurjf J hbl kd mjgdr dhdgtbvj fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl df sdgtar jerjrba, df Oblbstdrba kd Odkba Joibdltd, Odkba Yurjf y Ojrbla y df Oblbstdrba kd Dopfda y Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf kdsjrraffjrêl fj hbeurj nurïkbgj kd fj tbtufjrbkjk gaopjrtbkj, pjrj qud sd rdgalazgjl pfdljodltd fas kdrdgmas kd fjs oundrds dl df sdgtar jerjrba, fj garrdspalkbdltd pratdggb÷l kd fj Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf, jsï gaoa df rdgalagbobdlta kd su trjijna. Dl fjs jgtujgbalds dlgjobljkjs jf kdsjrraffa kdf odkba rurjf, sd blgfubrêl jggbalds kbrbebkjs j odnarjr df lbvdf dkugjtbva y kd harojgb÷l kd fjs oundrds, y dspdgbjfodltd fjs qud hjvardzgjl su blgarparjgb÷l jf odrgjka kd trjijna y j fas ÷rejlas kd kbrdggb÷l kd doprdsjs y jsagbjgbalds. Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs praoavdrêl ludvjs jgtbvbkjkds fjiarjfds qud hjvardzgjl df trjijna kd fjs oundrds dl df oulka rurjf. Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs praoavdrêl df kdsjrraffa kd ulj rdk kd sdrvbgbas sagbjfds pjrj jtdlkdr j odlards, ojyards y kdpdlkbdltds gaoa odkbkj kd galgbfbjgb÷l kd fj vbkj fjiarjf, hjobfbjr y pdrsaljf kd maoirds y oundrds dl oulka rurjf. Fas pakdrds pþifbgas haodltjrêl fj beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds dl df jggdsa j fjs tdglafaeïjs kd fj blharojgb÷l y fj gaoulbgjgb÷l odkbjltd df usa kd pafïtbgjs y jgtbvbkjkds kbrbebkjs j fj oundr rurjf, y fj jpfbgjgb÷l kd safugbalds jftdrljtbvjs tdglaf÷ebgjs jffê kalkd fj dxtdlsb÷l kd dstjs tdglafaeïjs la sdj pasbifd. Pafïtbgjs urijljs, kd arkdljgb÷l tdrrbtarbjf y vbvbdlkj Fjs pafïtbgjs y pfjlds kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs dl ojtdrbj kd jggdsa j fj vbvbdlkj blgfubrêl odkbkjs kdstbljkjs j mjgdr dhdgtbva df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds. Kdf obsoa oaka, fjs pafïtbgjs urijljs y kd arkdljgb÷l kdf tdrrbtarba taojrêl dl galsbkdrjgb÷l fjs ldgdsbkjkds kd fas kbstbltas erupas sagbjfds y kd fas kbvdrsas tbpas kd dstrugturjs hjobfbjrds, y hjvardgdrêl df jggdsa dl galkbgbalds kd beujfkjk j fas kbstbltas sdrvbgbas d blhrjdstrugturjs urijljs. Df Eaibdrla, dl df êoibta kd sus gaopdtdlgbjs, haodltjrê df jggdsa j fj vbvbdlkj kd fjs oundrds dl sbtujgb÷l kd ldgdsbkjk a dl rbdsea kd dxgfusb÷l, y kd fjs qud mjyjl sbka vïgtbojs kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, dl dspdgbjf gujlka, dl joias gjsas, tdlejl mbnas odlards dxgfusbvjodltd j su gjrea. Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs tdlkrêl dl gudltj dl df kbsdúa kd fj gbukjk, dl fjs pafïtbgjs urijljs, dl fj kdhblbgb÷l y dndgugb÷l kdf pfjldjobdlta urijlïstbga, fj pdrspdgtbvj kd eâldra, utbfbzjlka pjrj dffa, dspdgbjfodltd, odgjlbsoas d blstruodltas qud haodltdl y hjvardzgjl fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l gbukjkjlj y fj trjlspjrdlgbj. Pafïtbgj dspjúafj kd gaapdrjgb÷l pjrj df kdsjrraffa [akjs fjs pafïtbgjs, pfjlds, kaguodltas kd pfjlbhbgjgb÷l dstrjtâebgj, tjlta sdgtarbjf gaoa edaerêhbgj, y mdrrjobdltjs kd praerjojgb÷l apdrjtbvj kd fj gaapdrjgb÷l dspjúafj pjrj df kdsjrraffa, blgfubrêl df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds gaoa ul dfdodlta sustjlgbjf dl su jedlkj kd prbarbkjkds, y rdgbibrêl ul trjtjobdlta kd prbarbkjk trjlsvdrsjf y dspdgïhbgj dl sus galtdlbkas, galtdopfjlka
=9
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
odkbkjs galgrdtjs pjrj df sdeubobdlta y fj dvjfujgb÷l kd faeras pjrj fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj dl fj gaapdrjgb÷l dspjúafj jf kdsjrraffa. Jkdoês, sd dfjiarjrê ulj Dstrjtdebj Wdgtarbjf kd Beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds pjrj fj gaapdrjgb÷l dspjúafj, qud sd jgtujfbzjrê pdrb÷kbgjodltd j pjrtbr kd fas faeras y fdggbalds jprdlkbkjs dl fas pragdsas jltdrbards. Fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l dspjúafj pfjltdjrê ul pragdsa praerdsbva, j odkba pfjza, kd bltderjgb÷l dhdgtbvj kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk y kdf dlhaqud kd eâldra dl kdsjrraffa (EDK), dl takas fas lbvdfds kd su edstb÷l, qud mjej pasbifd y dhdgtbvj fj jpfbgjgb÷l kd fj Dstrjtdebj Wdgtarbjf kd Beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds, qud galtdopfd jgtujgbalds dspdgïhbgjs pjrj jfgjlzjr fj trjlsvdrsjfbkjk dl fjs jgtujgbalds kd fj gaapdrjgb÷l dspjúafj, y fj praoagb÷l kd odkbkjs kd jggb÷l pasbtbvj qud hjvardzgjl gjoibas sbelbhbgjtbvas dl fj bopfjltjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk, tjlta kdltra kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l gaoa dl df ojlkjta kd kdsjrraffa kd fj prapbj gaapdrjgb÷l dspjúafj. Galtrjtas kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs, dl df êoibta kd sus rdspdgtbvjs gaopdtdlgbjs, j trjvâs kd sus ÷rejlas kd galtrjtjgb÷l y, dl rdfjgb÷l gal fj dndgugb÷l kd fas galtrjtas qud gdfdirdl, pakrêl dstjifdgdr galkbgbalds dspdgbjfds gal df hbl kd praoavdr fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl df odrgjka kd trjijna, kd jgudrka gal fa dstjifdgbka dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l kd galtrjtas kdf sdgtar pþifbga. Galtrjtas kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka Jlujfodltd, df Galsdna kd Oblbstras, j fj vbstj kd fj dvafugb÷l d bopjgta kd fjs pafïtbgjs kd beujfkjk dl df odrgjka fjiarjf, kdtdrobljrê fas galtrjtas kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y kd sus arejlbsoas pþifbgas qud aifbejtarbjodltd kdidrêl blgfubr dltrd sus galkbgbalds kd dndgugb÷l odkbkjs tdlkdltds j praoavdr fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl df odrgjka kd trjijna, galharod j fa prdvbsta dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l kd galtrjtas kdf sdgtar pþifbga. Dl df Jgudrka j qud sd rdhbdrd df pêrrjha jltdrbar pakrêl dstjifdgdrsd, dl su gjsa, fjs gjrjgtdrïstbgjs kd fjs galkbgbalds qud kdijl blgfubrsd dl fas pfbdeas jtdlkbdlka j fj ljturjfdzj kd fas galtrjtas y jf sdgtar kd jgtbvbkjk kalkd sd edldrdl fjs prdstjgbalds. Fas ÷rejlas kd galtrjtjgb÷l pakrêl dstjifdgdr dl fas pfbdeas kd gfêusufjs jkoblbstrjtbvjs pjrtbgufjrds fj prdhdrdlgbj dl fj jknukbgjgb÷l kd fas galtrjtas kd fjs prapasbgbalds prdsdltjkjs par jqudffjs doprdsjs qud, dl df oaodlta kd jgrdkbtjr su safvdlgbj tâglbgj a prahdsbaljf, guopfjl gal fjs kbrdgtrbgds kdf jpjrtjka jltdrbar, sbdoprd qud dstjs prapasbgbalds beujfdl dl sus târoblas j fjs oês vdltjnasjs kdskd df pulta kd vbstj kd fas grbtdrbas aindtbvas qud sbrvjl kd ijsd j fj jknukbgjgb÷l. Wuivdlgbalds pþifbgjs Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs, dl fas pfjlds dstrjtâebgas kd suivdlgbalds qud jkaptdl dl df dndrgbgba kd sus gaopdtdlgbjs, kdtdrobljrêl fas êoibtas dl qud, par rjz÷l kd fj dxbstdlgbj kd ulj sbtujgb÷l kd kdsbeujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds, fjs ijsds rdeufjkarjs rd eufjkarjs kd fjs garrdspalkbdltds suivdlgbalds pudkjl blgfubr fj vjfarjgb÷l kd jgtujgbalds kd dhdgtbvj galsdgugb÷l kd fj beujfkjk par pjrtd kd fjs dltbkjkds safbgbtjltds. J dstas dhdgtas pakrêl vjfarjrsd, dltrd atrjs, fjs odkbkjs kd galgbfbjgb÷l kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf, fjiarjf y hjobfbjr, kd rdspalsjibfbkjk sagbjf kd fj doprdsj, a fj aitdlgb÷l kdf kbstbltbva doprdsjrbjf dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk rdeufjka dl df Gjpïtufa BX kdf [ïtufa BX kd fj prdsdltd Fdy.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
=7
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Ydgudrkd Fj Garparjgb÷l Y[XD praoavdrê fj blgarparjgb÷l kd fjs oundrds j pudstas kd rdspalsjibfbkjk kbrdgtbvj y prahdsbaljf. Jsbobsoa, haodltjrê fj rdfjgb÷l gal jsagbjgbalds y erupas kd oundrds pjrj bkdltbhbgjr sus ldgdsbkjkds d bltdrdsds dl df êoibta kd fj gaoulbgjgb÷l.
k. Beujfkjk y odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l • Fj beujfkjk dl fas odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l sagbjf kd tbtufjrbkjk pþifbgj
Fas odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l sagbjf kd tbtufjrbkjk pþifbgj vdfjrêl par fj trjlsobsb÷l kd ulj bojedl beujfbtjrbj, pfurjf y la dstdrdatbpjkj kd oundrds y maoirds dl fj sagbdkjk, y praoavdrêl df galagbobdlta y fj kbhusb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds. • Garparjgb÷l Y[XD
Fj Garparjgb÷l Y[XD, dl df dndrgbgba kd su hulgb÷l kd sdrvbgba pþifbga, pdrsdeubrê dl su praerjojgb÷l fas sbeubdltds aindtbvas> j) Ydhfdnjr jkdgujkjodltd fj prdsdlgbj kd fjs oundrds dl fas kbvdrsas êoibtas kd fj vbkj sagbjf. i) Ttbfbzjr df fdleujnd dl haroj la sdxbstj. g) Jkaptjr, odkbjltd fj jutarrdeufjgb÷l, g÷kbeas kd galkugtj galkugtj tdlkdltds j trjlsobtbr df galtdlbka kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk. k) Gafjiarjr gal fjs gjopjújs blstbtugbaljfds kbrbebkjs j haodltjr fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds y j drrjkbgjr fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. • Jedlgbj DHD
Dl df dndrgbgba kd sus jgtbvbkjkds, fj Jedlgbj DHD vdfjrê par df rdspdta kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds y, dl dspdgbjf, par fj utbfbzjgb÷l la sdxbstj kdf fdleujnd, y pdrsdeubrê dl su jgtujgb÷l fas sbeubdltds aindtbvas> j) Ydhfdnjr jkdgujkjodltd fj prdsdlgbj kd fj oundr dl fas kbvdrsas êoibtas kd fj vbkj sagbjf. i) Ttbfbzjr df fdleujnd dl haroj la sdxbstj. g) Jkaptjr, odkbjltd fj jutarrdeufjgb÷l, g÷kbeas kd galkugtj galkugtj tdlkdltds j trjlsobtbr df galtdlbka kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk. k) Gafjiarjr gal fjs gjopjújs blstbtugbaljfds kbrbebkjs j haodltjr fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds y j drrjkbgjr fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. Fj Jedlgbj DHD praoavdrê fj blgarparjgb÷l kd fjs oundrds j pudstas kd rdspalsjibfbkjk kbrdgtbvj y prahdsbaljf. Jsbobsoa, haodltjrê fj rdfjgb÷l gal jsagbjgbalds y erupas kd oundrds pjrj bkdltbhbgjr sus ldgdsbkjkds d bltdrdsds dl df êoibta kd fj gaoulbgjgb÷l.
=;
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas • Fj beujfkjk dl fas fas odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l gaoulbgjgb÷l sagbjf kd tbtufjrbkjk prbvjkj
[akas fas odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l rdspdtjrêl fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds, dvbtjlka gujfqubdr haroj kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l. Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs praoavdrêl fj jkapgb÷l par pjrtd kd fas odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l kd jgudrkas kd jutarrdeufjgb÷l qud galtrbiuyjl jf guopfbobdlta kd fj fdebsfjgb÷l dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds, blgfuydlka fjs jgtbvbkjkds kd vdltj y puifbgbkjk qud dl jqudffas sd kdsjrraffdl. • Jutarbkjk jukbavbsujf
Fjs Jutarbkjkds j fjs qud garrdspalkj vdfjr par qud fas odkbas jukbavbsujfds guopfjl sus aifbejgbalds jkaptjrêl fjs odkbkjs qud pragdkjl, kd jgudrka gal su rdeufjgb÷l, pjrj jsdeurjr ul trjtjobdlta kd fjs oundrds galharod gal fas prblgbpbas y vjfards galstbtugbaljfds. • Beujfkjk y puifbgbkjk
Fj puifbgbkjk qud gaopartd ulj galkugtj kbsgrbobljtarbj kd jgudrka gal dstj Fdy sd galsbkdrjrê puifbgbkjk bfïgbtj, kd galharobkjk gal fa prdvbsta dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l edldrjf kd puifbgbkjk y kd puifbgbkjk y gaoulbgjgb÷l blstbtugbaljf. d. Df kdrdgma jf trjijna dl beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds • Beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dl df êoibta fjiarjf fjiarjf
Praerjojs kd odnarj kd fj dopfdjibfbkjk kd fjs oundrds Fjs pafïtbgjs kd dopfda tdlkrêl gaoa ula kd sus aindtbvas prbarbtjrbas juodltjr fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd fjs oundrds dl df odrgjka kd trjijna y jvjlzjr dl fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj dltrd oundrds y maoirds. Pjrj dffa, sd odnarjrê fj dopfdjibfbkjk y fj pdrojldlgbj dl df dopfda kd fjs oundrds, patdlgbjlka su lbvdf harojtbva y su jkjptjibfbkjk j fas rdqudrbobdltas kdf odrgjka kd trjijna. Fas Praerjojs kd blsdrgb÷l fjiarjf jgtbvj gaoprdlkdrêl takas fas lbvdfds dkugjtbvas y dkjk kd fjs oundrds, blgfuydlka fas kd Harojgb÷l Prahdsbaljf, Dsgudfjs [jffdr y Gjsjs kd Ahbgbas, kbrbebkas j pdrsaljs dl kdsdopfda, sd pakrêl kdstbljr prbarbtjrbjodltd j gafdgtbvas dspdgïhbgas kd oundrds a galtdopfjr ulj kdtdrobljkj prapargb÷l kd oundrds. Praoagb÷l kd fj beujfkjk dl fj ldeagbjgb÷l gafdgtbvj Kd jgudrka gal fa dstjifdgbka fdejfodltd, odkbjltd fj ldeagbjgb÷l gafdgtbvj sd pakrêl dstjifdgdr odkbkjs kd jggb÷l pasbtbvj pjrj hjvardgdr df jggdsa kd fjs oundrds jf dopfda y fj jpfbgjgb÷l dhdgtbvj kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y la kbsgrbobljgb÷l dl fjs galkbgbalds kd trjijna dltrd oundrds y maoirds. • Beujfkjk y galgbfbjgb÷l> galgbfbjgb÷l> fas kdrdgmas kd galgbfbjgb÷l kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf, hjobfbjr y fjiarjf
Fas kdrdgmas kd galgbfbjgb÷l kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf, hjobfbjr y fjiarjf sd rdgalagdrêl j fas trjijnjkards y fjs trjijnjkarjs dl haroj qud haodltdl fj jsulgb÷l dqubfbirjkj kd fjs rdspalsjibfbkjkds hjobfbjrds, dvbtjlka takj kbsgrbobljgb÷l ijsjkj dl su dndrgbgba. d ndrgbgba. Df pdrobsa y fj prdstjgb÷l par ojtdrlbkjk sd galgdkdrêl dl fas târoblas prdvbstas dl fj larojtbvj fjiarjf y kd Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
=4
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Pjrj galtrbiubr j ul rdpjrta oês dqubfbirjka kd fjs rdspalsjibfbkjkds hjobfbjrds, sd rdgalagd j fas pjkrds df kdrdgma j ul pdrobsa y ulj prdstjgb÷l par pjtdrlbkjk, dl fas târoblas prdvbstas dl fj larojtbvj fjiarjf y kd Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf. • Fas pfjlds kd beujfkjk kd fjs doprdsjs y atrjs odkbkjs kd praoagb÷l kd fj beujfkjk
Jtdlgb÷l Fjs doprdsjs kdidrêl dfjiarjr y jpfbgjr ul pfjl kd beujfkjk gujlka jsï sd dstjifdzgj dl df galvdlba gafdgtbva qud sdj jpfbgjifd, dl fas târoblas prdvbstas dl df obsoa.
Dfjiarjgb÷l y jpfbgjgb÷l kd fas pfjlds kd beujfkjk Fjs doprdsjs dstêl aifbejkjs j rdspdtjr fj beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dl df êoibta fjiarjf y, gal dstj hbljfbkjk, kdidrêl jkaptjr odkbkjs kbrbebkjs j dvbtjr gujfqubdr tbpa kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l fjiarjf dltrd oundrds y maoirds, odkbkjs qud kdidrêl ldeagbjr, y dl su gjsa jgarkjr, gal fas rdprdsdltjltds fdejfds kd fas trjijnjkards dl fj haroj qud sd kdtdrobld dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l fjiarjf. Dl df gjsa kd fjs doprdsjs kd oês kd kasgbdltas gblgudltj trjijnjkards, fjs odkbkjs kd beujfkjk j qud sd rdhbdrd df jpjrtjka jltdrbar kdidrêl kbrbebrsd j fj dfjiarjgb÷l y jpfbgjgb÷l kd ul pfjl kd beujfkjk, gal df jfgjlgd y galtdlbka dstjifdgbkas dl dstd gjpïtufa, qud kdidrê sdr jsbobsoa aindta kd ldeagbjgb÷l dl fj haroj qud sd kdtdrobld dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l fjiarjf. Fjs doprdsjs tjoibâl dfjiarjrêl y jpfbgjrêl ul pfjl kd beujfkjk, prdvbj ldeagbjgb÷l a galsuftj, dl su gjsa, gal fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l fdejf kd fas trjijnjkards y trjijnjkarjs, gujlka fj jutarbkjk fjiarjf muibdrj jgarkjka dl ul pragdkbobdlta sjlgbaljkar fj sustbtugb÷l kd fjs sjlgbalds jggdsarbjs par fj dfjiarjgb÷l y jpfbgjgb÷l kd kbgma pfjl, dl fas târoblas qud sd hbndl dl df blkbgjka jgudrka. Fj dfjiarjgb÷l d bopfjltjgb÷l kd pfjlds kd beujfkjk sdrê vafultjrbj pjrj fjs kdoês doprdsjs, prdvbj galsuftj j fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l fdejf kd fas trjijnjkards y trjijnjkarjs. Galgdpta y galtdlbka kd fas pfjlds kd beujfkjk kd fjs doprdsjs Fas pfjlds kd beujfkjk kd fjs doprdsjs sal ul galnulta arkdljka kd odkbkjs, jkaptjkjs kdspuâs kd rdjfbzjr ul kbjel÷stbga kd sbtujgb÷l, tdlkdltds j jfgjlzjr dl fj doprdsj fj beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds y j dfbobljr fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Fas pfjlds kd beujfkjk hbnjrêl fas galgrdtas aindtbvas kd beujfkjk j jfgjlzjr, fjs dstrjtdebjs y prêgtbgjs j jkaptjr pjrj su galsdgugb÷l, jsï gaoa df dstjifdgbobdlta kd sbstdojs dhbgjgds kd sdeubobdlta y dvjfujgb÷l kd fas aindtbvas hbnjkas. Pjrj fj galsdgugb÷l kd fas aindtbvas hbnjkas, fas pfjlds kd beujfkjk pakrêl galtdopfjr, dltrd atrjs, fjs ojtdrbjs kd jggdsa jf dopfda, gfjsbhbgjgb÷l prahdsbaljf, praoagb÷l y harojgb÷l, rdtrb iugbalds, arkdljgb÷l kdf tbdopa kd trjijna pjrj hjvardgdr, dl
=8
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
târoblas kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds, fj galgbfbjgb÷l fjiarjf, pdrsaljf y hjobfbjr, y prdvdlgb÷l kdf jgasa sdxujf y kdf jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Fas pfjlds kd beujfkjk blgfubrêl fj tatjfbkjk kd ulj doprdsj, sbl pdrnubgba kdf dstjifdgbobdlta kd jggbalds dspdgbjfds jkdgujkjs rdspdgta j kdtdrobljkas gdltras kd trjijna. [rjlspjrdlgbj dl fj bopfjltjgb÷l kdf pfjl kd beujfkjk Wd ejrjltbzj df jggdsa kd fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l fdejf kd fas trjijnjkards y trjijnjkarjs a, dl su kdhdgta, kd fas prapbas trjijnjkards y trjijnjkarjs, j fj blharojgb÷l saird df galtdlbka kd fas Pfjlds kd beujfkjk y fj galsdgugb÷l kd sus aindtbvas. Fa prdvbsta dl df pêrrjha jltdrbar sd dltdlkdrê sbl pdrnubgba kdf sdeubobdlta kd fj dvafugb÷l kd fas jgudrkas saird pfjlds kd beujfkjk par pjrtd kd fjs gaobsbalds pjrbtjrbjs kd fas galvdlbas gafdgtbvas j fjs qud âstas jtrbiuyjl dstjs gaopdtdlgbjs. Odkbkjs dspdgïhbgjs pjrj prdvdlbr df jgasa sdxujf y df jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa dl df trjijna Fjs doprdsjs kdidrêl praoavdr galkbgbalds kd trjijna qud dvbtdl df jgasa sdxujf y df jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa y jribtrjr pragdkbobdltas dspdgïhbgas pjrj su prdvdlgb÷l y pjrj kjr gjugd j fjs kdlulgbjs a rdgfjojgbalds qud pudkjl haroufjr qubdlds mjyjl sbka aindta kdf obsoa. Gal dstj hbljfbkjk sd pakrêl dstjifdgdr odkbkjs qud kdidrêl ldeagbjrsd gal fas rdprdsdltjltds kd fas trjijnjkards, tjfds gaoa fj dfjiarjgb÷l y kbhusb÷l kd g÷kbeas kd iudljs prêgtbgjs, fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kd gjopjújs blharojtbvjs a jggbalds kd harojgb÷l. h arojgb÷l. Fas rdprdsdltjltds kd fas trjijnjkards kdidrêl galtrbiubr j prdvdlbr df jgasa sdxujf y df jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa dl df trjijna odkbjltd fj sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l kd fas trjijnjkards y trjijnjkarjs hrdltd jf obsoa y fj blharojgb÷l j fj kbrdggb÷l kd fj doprdsj kd fjs galkugtjs a gaopartjobdltas kd qud tuvbdrjl galagbobdlta y qud pukbdrjl prapbgbjrfa. Jpaya pjrj fj bopfjltjgb÷l vafultjrbj kd pfjlds kd beujfkjk Pjrj bopufsjr fj jkapgb÷l vafultjrbj kd pfjlds kd beujfkjk, df Eaibdrla dstjifdgdrê odkbkjs kd haodlta, dspdgbjfodltd kbrbebkjs j fjs pdqudújs y fjs odkbjljs doprdsjs, qud blgfubrêl df jpaya tâglbga ldgdsjrba. • Kbstbltbva doprdsjrbjf dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk
Df Oblbstdrba kd Dopfda y Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf grdjrê ul kbstbltbva pjrj rdgalagdr j jqudffjs doprdsjs qud kdstjqudl par fj jpfbgjgb÷l kd pafïtbgjs kd beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds gal sus trjijnjkards y trjijnjkarjs, qud pakrê sdr utbfbzjka dl df trêhbga gaodrgbjf kd fj doprdsj y gal hblds puifbgbtjrbas. Gal df hbl kd aitdldr dstd kbstbltbva, gujfqubdr doprdsj, sdj kd gjpbtjf pþifbga a prbvjka, pakrê prdsdltjr jf Oblbstdrba kd Dopfda y Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf ul ijfjlgd saird fas pjrêodtras kd beujfkjk bopfjltjkas rdspdgta kd fjs rdfjgbalds kd trjijna y fj puifbgbkjk kd fas prakugtas y sdrvbgbas prdstjkas. Ydefjodltjrbjodltd, sd kdtdrobljrêl fj kdlaobljgb÷l kd dstd kbstbltbva, df pragdkbobdlta y fjs galkbgbalds pjrj su galgdsb÷l, fjs hjguftjkds kdrbvjkjs kd su aitdlgb÷l y fjs galkbgbalds kd kbhusb÷l blstbtugbaljf kd fjs doprdsjs qud fa aitdlejl y kd fjs pafïtbgjs kd beujfkjk jpfbgjkjs par dffjs. Pjrj fj galgdsb÷l kd dstd kbstbltbva sd tdlkrêl dl gudltj, dltrd atras grbtdrbas, fj prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds dl fas ÷rejlas kd kbrdggb÷l y dl fas kbstbltas erupas y gjtdearïjs prahdsbaljfds kd fj doprdsj, fj jkapgb÷l kd pfjlds kd beujfkjk u atrjs odkbkjs bllavjkarjs kd haodlta kd fj beujfkjk, jsï gaoa fj puifbgbkjk la sdxbstj kd fas prakugtas a sdrvbgbas kd fj doprdsj.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
=5
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Df Oblbstdrba kd Dopfda y Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf galtrafjrê qud fjs doprdsjs qud aitdlejl df kbstbltbva ojltdlejl pdrojldltdodltd fj jpfbgjgb÷l kd pafïtbgjs kd beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds apartulbkjk ds gal sus trjijnjkards y trjijnjkarjs y, dl gjsa kd blguopfbrfjs, fds rdtbrjrê df kbstbltbva. h. Df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dl df dopfda pþifbga • Grbtdrbas kd jgtujgb÷l kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs
Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs, dl df êoibta kd sus rdspdgtbvjs gaopdtdlgbjs y dl jpfbgjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds, kdidrêl> j) Ydoavdr fas aistêgufas qud bopfbqudl bopfbqudl fj pdrvbvdlgbj kd gujfqubdr tbpa kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l gal df hbl kd ahrdgdr galkbgbalds kd beujfkjk dhdgtbvj dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl df jggdsa jf dopfda pþifbga y dl df kdsjrraffa kd fj gjrrdrj prahdsbaljf. i) Hjgbfbtjr fj galgbfbjgb÷l kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf, hjobfbjr y fjiarjf, sbl odlasgjia kd fj praoagb÷l prahdsbaljf. g) Haodltjr fj harojgb÷l dl beujfkjk, beujfkjk, tjlta dl df jggdsa jf dopfda pþifbga gaoa j fa fjrea kd fj gjrrdrj prahdsbaljf. k) Praoavdr fj prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj kd kd oundrds y maoirds dl fas ÷rejlas kd sdfdggb÷l y vjfarjgb÷l. d) Dstjifdgdr odkbkjs dhdgtbvjs kd pratdggb÷l hrdltd jf jgasa sdxujf y jf jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa. h) Dstjifdgdr odkbkjs odkbkjs dhdgtbvjs pjrj dfbobljr gujfqubdr kbsgrbkbsgrbobljgb÷l rdtrbiutbvj, kbrdgtj a blkbrdgtj, par rjz÷l kd sdxa. e) Dvjfujr pdrb÷kbgjodltd fj dhdgtbvbkjk kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dl sus rdspdgtbvas êoibtas kd jgtujgb÷l.
Xagjiufjrba Arkdl a Blstruggb÷l kd Kbsgrbobljr>> Gujfqubdr arkdl Kbsgrbobljr kd kbsgrbobljr kjkj j ulj pdrsalj par rjz÷l kd ulj gjusj kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l sd galsbkdrj dl taka gjsa kbsgrbobljgb÷l.
• Df prblgbpba prblgbpba kd prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj dl fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y dl fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj
[btufjrds kd ÷rejlas kbrdgtbvas Df Eaibdrla jtdlkdrê jf prblgbpba kd prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds dl df laoirjobdlta kd fjs pdrsaljs tbtufjrds kd fas ÷rejlas kbrdgtbvas kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y kd fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj, galsbkdrjkas dl su galnulta, guyj kdsbeljgb÷l fd garrdspalkj. ×rejlas kd sdfdggb÷l y Gaobsbalds kd vjfarjgb÷l [akas fas trbiuljfds y ÷rejlas kd sdfdggb÷l kdf pdrsaljf kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y kd fas arejlbsoas pþifb-
==
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
gas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj rdspalkdrêl jf prblgbpba kd prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds, sjfva par rjzalds hulkjkjs y aindtbvjs, kdibkjodltd oatbvjkjs. Jsbobsoa, fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y kd fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj dl fjs gaobsbalds kd vjfarjgb÷l kd oârbtas pjrj fj pravbsb÷l kd pudstas kd trjijna sd jnustjrê jf prblgbpba kd gaopasbgb÷l dqubfbirjkj kd joias sdxas. Kdsbeljgb÷l kd rdprdsdltjltds kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka Fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj kdsbeljrêl j sus rdprdsdltjltds dl ÷rejlas gafdebjkas, gaobtâs kd pdrsaljs dxpdrtjs a gaobtâs galsuftbvas, ljgbaljfds a bltdrljgbaljfds, kd jgudrka gal df prblgbpba kd prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds, sjfva par rjzalds hulkjkjs y aindtbvjs, kdibkjodltd oatbvjkjs. Jsbobsoa, fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj aisdrvjrêl df prblgbpba kd prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj dl fas laoirjobdltas qud fd garrdspalkj dhdgtujr dl fas galsdnas kd jkoblbstrjgb÷l kd fjs doprdsjs dl guya gjpbtjf pjrtbgbpd. • Odkbkjs kd Beujfkjk dl df dopfda pjrj fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y pjrj fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj
Blharod kd bopjgta kd eâldra dl fjs prudijs kd jggdsa jf dopfda pþifbga Fj jpraijgb÷l kd galvagjtarbjs kd prudijs sdfdgtbvjs pjrj df jggdsa jf dopfda pþifbga kdidrê jgaopjújrsd kd ul blharod kd bopjgta kd eâldra, sjfva dl gjsas kd uredlgbj y sbdoprd sbl pdrnubgba kd fj prambibgb÷l kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Pdrobsas y idldhbgbas kd pratdggb÷l j fj ojtdrlbkjk y fj galgbfbjgb÷l kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf, hjobfbjr y fjiarjf Wbl pdrnubgba kd fjs odnarjs qud pukbdrjl kdrbvjrsd kd jgudrkas susgrbtas dltrd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka a fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj gal fas rdprdsdltjltds kdf pdrsaljf jf sdrvbgba kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Pþifbgj, fj larojtbvj jpfbgjifd j fas obsoas dstjifdgdrê ul râebodl kd dxgdkdlgbjs, rdkuggbalds kd narljkj, pdrobsas u atras idldhbgbas gal df hbl kd pratdedr fj ojtdrlbkjk y hjgbfbtjr fj galgbfbjgb÷l kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf, hjobfbjr y fjiarjf. Gal fj obsoj hbljfbkjk sd rdgalagdrê ul pdrobsa kd pjtdrlbkjk, dl fas târoblas qud kbspalej kbgmj larojtbvj. Galgbfbjgb÷l y pravbsb÷l kd pudstas kd trjijna Dl fjs ijsds kd fas galgursas pjrj fj pravbsb÷l kd pudstas kd trjijna sd gaoputjrê, j fas dhdgtas kd vjfarjgb÷l kdf trjijna kdsjrraffjka y kd fas garrdspalkbdltds oârbtas, df tbdopa qud fjs pdrsaljs gjlkbkjtjs mjyjl pdrojldgbka dl fjs sbtujgbalds j qud sd rdhbdrd df jrtïgufa jltdrbar. Fbgdlgbj par rbdsea kurjltd df doijrjza y fjgtjlgbj Gujlka fjs galkbgbalds kdf pudsta kd trjijna kd ulj hulgbaljrbj blgfubkj dl df êoibta kd jpfbgjgb÷l kdf outujfbsoa jkoblbstrjtbva pukbdrjl blhfubr ldejtbvjodltd dl fj sjfuk kd fj oundr, kdf mbna d mbnj, pakrê galgdkdrsd fbgdlgbj par rbdsea kurjltd df doijrjza, dl fas obsoas târoblas y galkbgbalds prdvbstjs dl fj larojtbvj jpfbgjifd. Dl dstas gjsas, sd ejrjltbzjrê fj pfdlbtuk kd fas kdrdgmas dgal÷obgas kd fj hulgbaljrbj kurjltd takj fj kurjgb÷l kd fj fbgdlgbj, kd jgudrka gal fa dstjifdgbka dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l dspdgïhbgj. Fa kbspudsta dl df pêrrjha jltdrbar sdrê tjoibâl kd jpfbgjgb÷l kurjltd df pdrïaka kd fjgtjlgbj ljturjf.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
=2
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9 Xjgjgbalds Wbl pdrnubgba kd fjs odnarjs qud pukbdrjl kdrbvjrsd kd jgudrkas susgrbtas dltrd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka a fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj gal fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l kd fas dopfdjkas y dopfdjkjs jf sdrvbgba kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Pþifbgj, gujlka df pdrbaka kd vjgjgbalds gablgbkj gal ulj blgjpjgbkjk tdoparjf kdrbvjkj kdf doijrjza, pjrta a fjgtjlgbj ljturjf, a gal df pdrobsa kd ojtdrlbkjk, a gal su jopfbjgb÷l par fjgtjlgbj, fj dopfdjkj pþifbgj tdlkrê kdrdgma j kbshrutjr fjs vjgjgbalds dl hdgmj kbstbltj, julqud mjyj tdrobljka df júa ljturjf jf qud garrdspalkjl. Eazjrêl kd dstd obsoa kdrdgma qubdlds dstâl kbshrutjlka kd pdrobsa kd pjtdrlbkjk. Jggbalds pasbtbvjs dl fjs jgtbvbkjkds kd harojgb÷l Gal df aindta kd jgtujfbzjr fas galagbobdltas kd fas dopfdjkas y dopfdjkjs pþifbgjs, sd atarejrê prdhdrdlgbj, kurjltd ul júa, dl fj jknukbgjgb÷l kd pfjzjs pjrj pjrtbgbpjr dl fas gursas kd harojgb÷l j qubdlds sd mjyjl blgarparjka jf sdrvbgba jgtbva pragdkdltds kdf pdrobsa kd ojtdrlbkjk a pjtdrlbkjk, a mjyjl rdblerdsjka kdskd fj sbtujgb÷l kd dxgdkdlgbj par rjzalds kd eujrkj fdejf y jtdlgb÷l j pdrsaljs ojyards kdpdlkbdltds a pdrsaljs gal kbsgjpjgbkjk. Gal df hbl kd hjgbfbtjr fj praoagb÷l prahdsbaljf kd fjs dopfdjkjs pþifbgjs y su jggdsa j pudstas kbrdgtbvas dl fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y dl fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj, dl fjs galvagjtarbjs kd fas garrdspalkbdltds gursas kd harojgb÷l sd rdsdrvjrê jf odlas ul ;0% kd fjs pfjzjs pjrj su jknukbgjgb÷l j jquâffjs qud rdþljl fas rdqubsbtas dstjifdgbkas. Harojgb÷l pjrj fj beujfkjk [akjs fjs prudijs kd jggdsa jf dopfda pþifbga kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y kd fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj galtdopfjrêl df dstukba y fj jpfbgjgb÷l kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl fas kbvdrsas êoibtas kd fj hulgb÷l pþifbgj. Fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj bopjrtbrêl gursas kd harojgb÷l saird fj beujfkjk kd trjta y apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds y saird prdvdlgb÷l kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, qud sd kbrbebrêl j taka su pdrsaljf. Pratagafa kd jgtujgb÷l hrdltd jf jgasa sdxujf y jf jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa Pjrj fj prdvdlgb÷l kdf jgasa sdxujf y kdf jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa, fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs ldeagbjrêl gal fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l fdejf kd fjs trjijnjkarjs y trjijnjkards, ul pratagafa kd jgtujgb÷l qud gaoprdlkdrê, jf odlas, fas sbeubdltds prblgbpbas> j) Df gaopraobsa kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka Dstjka y kd fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj kd prdvdlbr y la tafdrjr df jgasa sdxujf y df jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa. i) Fj blstruggb÷l j taka df pdrsaljf kd kd su kdidr kd rdspdtjr fj kbelbkjk kd fjs pdrsaljs y su kdrdgma j fj bltbobkjk, jsï gaoa fj beujfkjk kd trjta dltrd oundrds y maoirds. g) Df trjtjobdlta rdsdrvjka kd fjs kdlulgbjs kd kd mdgmas qud pukbdrjl sdr galstbtutbvas kd jgasa sdxujf a kd jgasa par rjz÷l kd sdxa, sbl pdrnubgba kd fa dstjifdgbka dl fj larojtbvj kd râebodl kbsgbpfbljrba. k) Fj bkdltbhbgjgb÷l kd fjs pdrsaljs pdrsaljs rdspalsjifds kd jtdlkdr j qubdlds haroufdl haroufdl ulj qudnj a kdlulgbj. Dvjfujgb÷l saird fj beujfkjk dl df dopfda pþifbga [akas fas Kdpjrtjodltas Oblbstdrbjfds y Arejlbsoas Pþifbgas rdobtbrêl, jf odlas jlujfodltd, j fas Oblbstdrbas kd Wjlbkjk, Wdrvbgbas Wagbjfds d Beujfkjk y kd Prdsbkdlgbj, blharojgb÷l rdfjtbvj j fj jpfbgjgb÷l dhdgtbvj dl gjkj ula kd dffas kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds, gal dspd-
20
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
gbhbgjgb÷l, odkbjltd fj kdsjerdejgb÷l par sdxa kd fas kjtas, kd fj kbstrbiugb÷l kd su pfjltbffj, erupa kd tbtufjgb÷l, lbvdf kd gaopfdodlta kd kdstbla y rdtrbiugbalds praodkbjkjs kd su pdrsaljf. Pfjl kd Beujfkjk dl fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y dl fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj Df Eaibdrla jpraijrê, jf blbgba kd gjkj fdebsfjturj, ul Pfjl pjrj fj Beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y dl fas arejlbsoas pþifbgas vblgufjkas a kdpdlkbdltds kd dffj. Df Pfjl dstjifdgdrê fas aindtbvas j jfgjlzjr dl ojtdrbj kd praoagb÷l kd fj beujfkjk kd trjta y apartulbkjkds dl df dopfda pþifbga, jsï gaoa fjs dstrjtdebjs a odkbkjs j jkaptjr pjrj su galsdgugb÷l. Df Pfjl sdrê aindta kd ldeagbjgb÷l, y dl su gjsa jgudrka, gal fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l fdejf kd fas dopfdjkas pþifbgas dl fj haroj qud sd kdtdrobld dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l saird ldeagbjgb÷l gafdgtbvj dl fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Pþifbgj y su guopfbobdlta sdrê dvjfujka jlujfodltd par df Galsdna kd Oblbstras. • Hudrzjs Jrojkjs
Ydspdta kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk Fjs larojs saird pdrsaljf kd fjs Hudrzjs Jrojkjs pragurjrêl fj dhdgtbvbkjk kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds, dl dspdgbjf dl fa qud sd rdhbdrd jf râebodl kd jggdsa, harojgb÷l, jsgdlsas, kdstblas y sbtujgbalds jkoblbstrjtbvjs. Jpfbgjgb÷l kd fjs larojs rdhdrbkjs jf pdrsaljf kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs Fjs larojs rdhdrbkjs jf pdrsaljf jf sdrvbgba kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk, prdvdlgb÷l kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra y galgbfbjgb÷l kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf, hjobfbjr y prahdsbaljf sdrêl kd jpfbgjgb÷l dl fjs Hudrzjs Jrojkjs, gal fjs jkjptjgbalds qud rdsuftdl ldgdsjrbjs ld gdsjrbjs y dl fas târoblas dstj ifdgbkas dl su larojtbvj dspdgïhbgj. • Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk kdf Dstjka
Ydspdta kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk Fjs larojs rdeufjkarjs kd fjs Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk kdf Dstjka praoavdrêl fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj dltrd oundrds y maoirds, bopbkbdlka gujfqubdr sbtujgb÷l kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l prahdsbaljf, dspdgbjfodltd, dl df sbstdoj kd jggdsa, harojgb÷l, jsgdlsas, kdstblas y sbtujgbalds jkoblbstrjtbvjs. Jpfbgjgb÷l kd fjs larojs rdhdrbkjs jf pdrsaljf kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs Fjs larojs rdhdrbkjs jf pdrsaljf jf sdrvbgba kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk, prdvdlgb÷l kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra y galgbfbjgb÷l kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf, hjobfbjr y prahdsbaljf sdrêl kd jpfbgjgb÷l dl fjs Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk kdf Dstjka, jkjptêlkasd, dl su gjsa, j fjs pdgufbjrbkjkds kd fjs hulgbalds qud tbdldl dlgaodlkjkjs, dl fas târoblas dstjifdgbkas par su larojtbvj dspdgïhbgj. e. Beujfkjk kd trjta dl df jggdsa j ibdlds y sdrvbgbas y su suoblbstra • Beujfkjk kd trjta dl df jggdsa j ibdlds y sdrvbgbas sdrvbgbas
[akjs fjs pdrsaljs hïsbgjs a nurïkbgjs qud, dl df sdgtar pþifbga a dl df prbvjka, suoblbstrdl ibdlds a sdrvbgbas kbspalbifds pjrj df pþifbga, ahrdgbkas hudrj kdf êoibta kd fj vbkj prbvjkj y hjobfbjr, dstjrêl aifbejkjs, dl sus jgtbvbkjkds y dl fjs trjlsjggbalds galsbeubdltds, jf guopfbobdlta kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta dltrd oundrds y maoirds, dvbtjlka kbsgrbobljgbalds, kbrdgtjs a blkbrdgtjs, par rjz÷l kd sdxa.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
2:
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Fa prdvbsta dl df jpjrtjka jltdrbar la jhdgtj j fj fbidrtjk kd galtrjtjgb÷l, blgfubkj fj fbidrtjk kd fj pdrsalj kd dfdebr j fj atrj pjrtd galtrjtjltd, sbdoprd y gujlka kbgmj dfdggb÷l la vdlej kdtdrobljkj par su sdxa. La aistjltd fa kbspudsta dl fas jpjrtjkas jltdrbards, sdrêl jkobsbifds fjs kbhdrdlgbjs kd trjta dl df jggdsa j ibdlds y sdrvbgbas gujlka dstâl nustbhbgjkjs par ul prap÷sbta fdeïtboa y fas odkbas pjrj faerjrfa sdjl jkdgujkas y ldgdsjrbas. • Pratdggb÷l dl sbtujgb÷l kd doijrjza
Dl df jggdsa j ibdlds y sdrvbgbas, lbleþl galtrjtjltd pakrê blkjejr saird fj sbtujgb÷l kd doijrjza kd ulj oundr kdojlkjltd kd fas obsoas, sjfva par rjzalds kd pratdggb÷l kd su sjfuk. • Hjgtards jgtujrbjfds
Wd pramïid fj gdfdirjgb÷l kd galtrjtas kd sdeuras a kd sdrvbgbas hbljlgbdras jhblds dl fas qud, jf galsbkdrjr df sdxa gaoa hjgtar kd gêfgufa kd prbojs y prdstjgbalds, sd edldrdl kbhdrdlgbjs dl fjs prbojs y prdstjgbalds kd fjs pdrsaljs jsdeurjkjs. Fas gastds rdfjgbaljkas gal df doijrjza y df pjrta la nustbhbgjrêl kbhdrdlgbjs dl fjs prbojs y prdstjgbalds kd fjs pdrsaljs galsbkdrjkjs blkbvbkujfodltd, sbl qud pudkjl jutarbzjrsd kbhdrdlgbjs jf rdspdgta. • Galsdgudlgbjs kdf blguopfbobdlta kd fjs prambibgbalds prambibgbalds
Wbl pdrnubgba kd atrjs jggbalds y kdrdgmas galtdopfjkas dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l gbvbf y odrgjltbf, fj pdrsalj qud, dl df êoibta kd jpfbgjgb÷l kdfj beujfkjk kd trjta dl df jggdsa j ibdlds y sdrvbgbas, suhrj ulj galkugtj kbsgrbobljtarbj, tdlkrê kdrdgma j blkdolbzjgb÷l par fas kjúas y pdrnubgbas suhrbkas. Dl df êoibta kd fas galtrjtas kd sdeuras a kd sdrvbgbas hbljlgbdras jhblds, y sbl pdrnubgba kd fjs galsdgudlgbjs nurïkbgjs kd fjs galkugtjs kbsgrbobljtarbjs, df blguopfbobdlta kd fj prambibgb÷l kd hjgtards jgtujrbjfds kbsgrbobljtarbas, atarejrê jf galtrjtjltd pdrnukbgjka df kdrdgma j rdgfjojr fj jsbobfjgb÷l kd sus prbojs y prdstjgbalds j fjs kdf sdxa oês idldhbgbjka, ojltdlbâlkasd dl fas rdstjltds dxtrdoas fj vjfbkdz y dhbgjgbj kdf galtrjta. m. Fj beujfkjk dl fj rdspalsjibfbkjk sagbjf kd fjs doprdsjs • Jggbalds kd rdspalsjibfbkjk rdspalsjibfbkjk sagbjf kd fjs doprdsjs dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk
Fjs doprdsjs pakrêl jsuobr fj rdjfbzjgb÷l vafultjrbj kd jggbalds kd rdspalsjibfbkjk sagbjf, galsbstdltds dl odkbkjs dgal÷obgjs, gaodrgbjfds, fjiarjfds, jsbstdlgbjfds a kd atrj ljturjfdzj, kdstbljkjs j praoavdr galkbgbalds kd beujfkjk dltrd fjs oundrds y fas maoirds dl df sdla kd fj doprdsj a dl su dltarla sagbjf. Fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kd dstjs jggbalds pakrê sdr galgdrtjkj gal fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l kd fas trjijnjkards y fjs trjijnjkarjs, fjs arejlbzjgbalds kd galsuobkards y galsuobkarjs y usujrbas y usujrbjs, fjs jsagbjgbalds guya hbl prboarkbjf sdj fj kdhdlsj kd fj beujfkjk kd trjta dltrd oundrds y maoirds y fas Arejlbsoas kd Beujfkjk. Wd blharojrê j fas rdprdsdltjltds kd fas trjijnjkards kd fjs jggbalds qud la sd galgbdrtdl gal fas obsoas. J fjs kdgbsbalds doprdsjrbjfds y jgudrkas gafdgtbvas rdfjtbvas j odkbkjs fjiarjfds fds sdrê kd jpfbgjgb÷l fj larojtbvj fjiarjf.
29
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas • Puifbgbkjk kd fjs jggbalds kd rdspalsjibfbkjk sagbjf dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk
Fjs doprdsjs pakrêl mjgdr usa puifbgbtjrba kd sus jggbalds kd rdspalsjibfbkjk dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk, kd jgudrka gal fjs galkbgbalds dstjifdgbkjs dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l edldrjf kd puifbgbkjk. Df Blstbtuta kd fj Oundr y pjrj fj Beujfkjk kd Apartulbkjkds, u ÷rejlas dqubvjfdltds kd fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs, dstjrêl fdebtbojkas pjrj dndrgdr fj jggb÷l kd gdsjgb÷l gujlka galsbkdrdl qud pukbdrj mjidrsd blgurrbka dl supudstas kd puifbgbkjk dlejúasj. • Pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd fjs oundrds dl fas Galsdnas kd jkoblbstrjgb÷l kd fjs sagbdkjkds odrgjltbfds
Fjs sagbdkjkds aifbejkjs j prdsdltjr gudltj kd pârkbkjs y ejljlgbjs la jirdvbjkj pragurjrêl blgfubr dl su Galsdna kd jkoblbstrjgb÷l ul lþodra kd oundrds qud pdrobtj jfgjlzjr ulj prdsdlgbj dqubfbirjkj kd oundrds y maoirds dl ul pfjza kd agma júas j pjrtbr kd fj dltrjkj dl vbear kd dstj Fdy. Fa prdvbsta dl df pêrrjha jltdrbar sd tdlkrê dl gudltj pjrj fas laoirjobdltas qud sd rdjfbgdl j odkbkj qud vdlzj df ojlkjta kd fas galsdndras kdsbeljkas jltds kd fj dltrjkj dl vbear kd dstj Fdy. b. Kbspasbgbalds arejlbzjtbvjs • Gaobsb÷l Bltdroblbstdrbjf kd Beujfkjk Beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds
Fj Gaobsb÷l Bltdroblbstdrbjf kd Beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds ds df ÷rejla gafdebjka rdspalsjifd kd fj gaarkbljgb÷l kd fjs pafïtbgjs y odkbkjs jkaptjkjs par fas kdpjrtjodltas oblbstdrbjfds gal fj hbljfbkjk kd ejrjltbzjr df kdrdgma j fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds y praoavdr su dhdgtbvbkjk. Wu gaopasbgb÷l y hulgbaljobdlta sd kdtdrobljrêl rdefjodltjrbjodltd.
Jtdlgb÷l Df Blstbtuta kd fj Oundr y pjrj fj Beujfkjk kd Apartulbkjkds (BOBA) ds ul arejlbsoa jut÷laoa jksgrbta jf Oblbstdrba kd Wjlbkjk, Wdrvbgbas Wagbjfds d Beujfkjk, qud tbdld gaoa hulgbalds df praoavdr y haodltjr fj beujfkjk kd joias sdxas, hjgbfbtjlka fjs galkbgbalds pjrj fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l dhdgtbvj kd fjs oundrds dl fj vbkj pafïtbgj, gufturjf, dgal÷obgj y sagbjf, jsï gaoa fj kd bopufsjr pafïtbgjs jgtbvjs pjrj df dopfda y df jutadopfda kd fjs oundrds y fj kd haodltjr y kdsjrraffjr fj jpfbgjgb÷l trjlsvdrsjf kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y la kbsgrbobljgb÷l.
• Fjs Tlbkjkds kd Beujfkjk
Dl takas fas Oblbstdrbas sd dlgaodlkjrê j ula kd sus ÷rejlas kbrdgtbvas df kdsjrraffa kd fjs hulgbalds rdfjgbaljkjs gal df prblgbpba kd beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl df êoibta kd fjs ojtdrbjs kd su gaopdtdlgbj y, dl pjrtbgufjr, fjs sbeubdltds> j) Ydgjijr fj blharojgb÷l dstjkïstbgj dfjiarjkj par fas fas ÷rejlas kdf Oblbstdrba y jsdsarjr j fas obsoas dl rdfjgb÷l gal su dfjiarjgb÷l.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
27
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
i) Dfjiarjr Dfjiar jr dstuk dstukbas bas gal fj hbljf hbljfbkjk bkjk kd praoavd praoavdrr fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds dl fjs êrdjs kd jgtbvbkjk kdf Kdpjrtjodlta. g) Jsdsarjr j fas ÷rejlas gaopdtdltds kdf kdf Kdpjrtjodlta dl fj dfjiarjgb÷l kdf blharod saird bopjgta par rjz÷l kd eâldra. k) Haodltjr df galagbobdlta par par df pdrsaljf kdf Kdpjrtjodlta kdf jfgjlgd y sbelbhbgjka kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk odkbjltd fj haroufjgb÷l kd prapudstjs kd jggbalds harojtbvjs. d) Xdfjr par df guopfbobdlta kd dstj Fdy y par fj jpfbgjgb÷l dhdgtbvj kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk. • Galsdna kd Pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd fj Oundr
Wd grdj df Galsdna kd Pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd fj Oundr, gaoa ÷rejla gafdebjka kd galsuftj y jsdsarjobdlta, gal df hbl dsdlgbjf kd sdrvbr kd gjugd pjrj fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd fjs oundrds dl fj galsdgugb÷l dhdgtbvj kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dltrd oundrds y maoirds, y fj fugmj galtrj fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Ydefjodltjrbjodltd, sd dstjifdgdrêl su râebodl kd hulgbaljobdlta, gaopdtdlgbjs y gaopasbgb÷l, ejrjltbzêlkasd, dl taka gjsa, fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kdf galnulta kd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs y kd fjs jsagbjgbalds y arejlbzjgbalds kd oundrds kd êoibta dstjtjf.
9.
Fdy Areêlbgj :/900;, kd 9= kd kbgbdoird, kd Odkbkjs kd Pratdggb÷l Bltderjf galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra
2;
FJ FDR AYEÊLBGJ :/900;, KD ODKBKJW KD PYA[DGGB×L BL[DEYJF GAL[YJ FJ XBAFDLGBJ KD EÂLDYA. JL[DGDKDL[DW. AIND[A R PYBLGBPBAW YDG[AYDW. ODKBKJW KD WDLWBIBFB^JGB×L, PYDXDLGB×L R KD[DGGB×L. KDYDGMAW KD FJW OTNDYDW XÏG[BOJW KD FJ XBAFDLGBJ KD EÂLDYA. [T[DFJ BLW[B[TGBALJF
Fj Fdy Areêlbgj :/900;, kd 9= kd kbgbdoird, kd Odkbkjs kd Pratdggb÷l Bltderjf galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra galstj kd 59 jrtïgufas dstrugturjkas dl 4 [ïtufas. Gudltj jkdoês gal vdbltd Kbspasbgbalds Jkbgbaljfds, kas Kbspasbgbalds [rjlsbtarbjs, ulj Kbspasbgb÷l Kdraejtarbj, sbdtd Kbspasbgbalds Hbljfds y ul jldxa gal fj pfjltj kd fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj. Wu dstrugturj ds fj sbeubdltd>
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
FDR AYEÊLBGJ KD ODKBKJW KD PYA[DGGB×L BL[DEYJF GAL[YJ FJ XBAFDLGBJ KD EÂLDYA [Ï[TFA PYDFBOBLJY [Ï[TFA B. Odkbkjs kd sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l, prdvdlgb÷l y kdtdggb÷l [Ï[TFA BB. Kdrdgmas kd fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra - GJPÏ[TFA B. Kdrdgma j fj blharojgb÷l, j fj jsbstdlgbj sagbjf bltderjf y j fj jsbstdlgbj nurïkbgj erjtubtj erjtubtj - GJPÏ[TFA BB. Kdrdgmas fjiarjfds y prdstjgbalds kd fj Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf - GJPÏ[TFA BBB. Kdrdgmas kd fjs fjs hulgbaljrbjs hulgbaljrbjs pþifbgjs - GJPÏ[TFA BX. Kdrdgmas dgal÷obgas
[Ï[TFA BBB. [utdfj Blstbtugbaljf
[Ï[TFA X. [utdfj Nukbgbjf - GJPÏ[TFA B. Kd fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr - GJPÏ[TFA BB. Larojs pragdsjfds gbvbfds - GJPÏ[TFA BBB. Larojs pragdsjfds pdljfds - GJPÏ[TFA BX. Odkbkjs Odkbkjs nukbgbjfds kd pratdgpratdggb÷l y kd sdeurbkjk kd fjs vïgtbojs - GJPÏ[TFA X. Kdf Hbsgjf galtrj galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr
KBWPAWBGBALDW JKBGBALJFDW (90) KBWPAWBGBALDW [YJLWB[AYBJW (9) KBWPAWBGBALDW KDYAEJ[AYBJ ÞLBGJ KBWPAWBGBALDW HBLJFDW (5)
[Ï[TFA BX. [utdfj Pdljf
Fj Arejlbzjgb÷l kd Ljgbalds Tlbkjs, dl fj BX Galhdrdlgbj Oulkbjf kd :224, rdgalagb÷ yj qud fj vbafdlgbj galtrj fjs oundrds ds ul aistêgufa pjrj faerjr fas aindtbvas kd beujfkjk, kdsjrraffa y pjz y vbafj y odlasgjij df kbshrutd kd fas kdrdgmas muojlas y fjs fbidrtjkds hulkjodltjfds. Jkdoês fj kdhbld jopfbjodltd gaoa ulj ojlbhdstjgb÷l kd fjs rdfjgbalds kd pakdr mbst÷rbgjodltd kdsbeujfds dltrd oundrds y maoirds. Fas pakdrds pþifbgas la pudkdl sdr jndlas j fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, qud galstbtuyd ula kd fas jtjquds oês hfjerjltds j kdrdgmas hulkjodltjfds gaoa fj fbidrtjk, fj beujfkjk, fj vbkj, fj sdeurbkjk y fj la kbsgrbobljgb÷l pragfjojkas dl ludstrj Galstbtugb÷l. Dsas obsoas pakdrds pþifbgas tbdldl, galharod j fa kbspudsta dl df jrtïgufa 2.9 kd fj Galstbtugb÷l, fj aifbejgb÷l kd jkaptjr odkbkjs kd jggb÷l pasbtbvj pjrj mjgdr rdjfds y dhdgtbvas kbgmas kdrdgmas, rdoavbdlka fas aistêgufas qud bopbkdl a kbhbguftjl su pfdlbtuk. Df êoibta kd fj Fdy kd Odkbkjs kd Pratdggb÷l Bltderjf galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra jijrgj tjlta fas jspdgtas prdvdltbvas, dkugjtbvas, sagbjfds, jsbstdlgbjfds y kd jtdlgb÷l pastdrbar j fjs vïgtbojs, gaoa fj larojtbvj gbvbf qud blgbkd dl df êoibta hjobfbjr a kd galvbvdlgbj kalkd prblgbpjfodltd sd prakugdl fjs jerdsbalds, jsï gaoa df prblgbpba kd suisbkbjrbdkjk dl fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs. Beujfodltd sd jiarkj gal kdgbsb÷l fj rdspudstj pulbtbvj qud kdidl rdgbibr takjs fjs ojlbhdstjgbalds kd vbafdlgbj qud fj Fdy rdeufj. Kbgmj Fdy dstjifdgd odkbkjs kd sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l d bltdrvdlgb÷l dl jf êoibta dkugjtbva. Wd rdhudrzj, gal rdhdrdlgbj galgrdtj jf êoibta kd fj puifbgbkjk, ulj bojedl qud rdspdtd fj beujfkjk y fj kbelbkjk kd fjs oundrds. Dl fj Dkugjgb÷l Wdgulkjrbj sd blgarparj fj dkugjgb÷l saird fj beujfkjk dltrd maoirds y oundrds y galtrj fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra gaoa galtdlbka gurrbgufjr, blgarparjlka dl takas fas Galsdnas Dsgafjrds
dkbtarbjf } gdp
24
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
ul ludva obdoira qud bopufsd odkbkjs dkugjtbvjs j hjvar kd fj beujfkjk y galtrj fj vbafdlgbj saird fj oundr. Dl df gjopa kd fj puifbgbkjk, âstj mjirê kd rdspdtjr fj kbelbkjk kd fjs oundrds y su kdrdgma j ulj bojedl la dstdrdatbpjkj, lb kbsgrbobljtarbj, tjlta sb sd dxmbid dl fas odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l pþifbgas gaoa dl fas prbvjkas. Kd atra fjka, sd oakbhbgj fj jggb÷l kd gdsjgb÷l a rdgtbhbgjgb÷l kd fj puifbgbkjk fdebtbojlka j fjs blstbtugbalds y jsagbjgbalds qud trjijnjl j hjvar kd fj beujfkjk dltrd maoirds y oundrds pjrj su dndrgbgba.
9.: Aindta kd fj Fdy Fj Fdy Areêlbgj :/900;, kd 9= kd kbgbdoird, tbdld par aindta jgtujr galtrj fj vbafdlgbj qud, gaoa ojlbhdstjgb÷l kd fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l, fj sbtujgb÷l kd kdsbeujfkjk y fjs rdfjgbalds kd pakdr kd fas maoirds saird fjs oundrds, sd dndrgd saird âstjs par pjrtd kd qubdlds sdjl a mjyjl sbka sus g÷lyueds a kd qubdlds dstâl a mjyjl dstjka fbejkas j dffjs par rdfjgbalds sbobfjrds kd jhdgtbvbkjk, jul sbl galvbvdlgbj. Par dstj fdy sd dstjifdgdl odkbkjs kd pratdggb÷l bltderjf guyj hbljfbkjk ds prdvdlbr, sjlgbaljr y drrjkbgjr dstj vbafdlgbj y prdstjr jsbstdlgbj j fjs oundrds, j sus mbnas odlards y j fas odlards sundtas j su tutdfj, a eujrkj y gustakbj, vïgtbojs kd dstj vbafdlgbj. Fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra j qud sd rdhbdrd fj Fdy Areêlbgj :/900; gaoprdlkd taka jgta kd vbafdlgbj hïsbgj y psbgaf÷ebgj, blgfubkjs fjs jerdsbalds j fj fbidrtjk sdxujf, fjs jodljzjs, fjs gajggbalds a fj prbvjgb÷l jribtrjrbj kd fbidrtjk.
9.9 Prblgbpbas rdgtards J trjvâs kd dstj Fdy sd jrtbgufj ul galnulta bltderjf kd odkbkjs dlgjobljkjs j jfgjlzjr fas sbeubdltds hblds> j) Hartjfdgdr fjs odkbkjs kd sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l gbukjkjlj kd prdvdlgb÷l, katjlka j fas pakdrds pakdrds pþifbgas kd blstruodltas dhbgjgds dl df êoibta dkugjtbva, sdrvbgbas sagbjfds, sjlbtjrba, puifbgbtjrba y odkbêtbga. i) Galsjerjr kdrdgmas kd fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, dxbebifds jltd fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs, y jsï jsdeurjr ul jggdsa rêpbka, trjlspjrdltd y dhbgjz j fas sdrvbgbas dstjifdgbkas jf dhdgta. g) Ydharzjr mjstj fj fj galsdgugb÷l kd fas oïlboas oïlboas dxbebkas par fas aindtbvas kd fj fdy fas fas sdrvbgbas sagbjsagbjfds kd blharojgb÷l, kd jtdlgb÷l, kd dodredlgbj, kd jpaya y kd rdgupdrjgb÷l bltderjf, jsï gaoa dstj ifdgdr ul sbstdoj pjrj fj oês dhbgjz gaarkbljgb÷l kd fas sdrvbgbas s drvbgbas yj dxbstdltds j lbvdf oulbgbpjf y jutal÷obga. k) Ejrjltbzjr kdrdgmas dl df êoibta fjiarjf y hulgbaljrbjf hulgbaljrbjf qud galgbfbdl fas rdqudrbobdltas kd fj rdfjgb÷l fjiarjf y kd dopfda pþifbga gal fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs kd jqudffjs trjijnjkarjs a hulgbaljrbjs qud suhrjl vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. d) Ejrjltbzjr kdrdgmas dgal÷obgas dgal÷obgas pjrj fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, gal df hbl kd hjgbhjgbfbtjr su bltderjgb÷l sagbjf. h) Dstjifdgdr ul sbstdoj bltderjf kd tutdfj blstbtugbaljf dl df qud fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka, j trjvâs kd fj Kdfdejgb÷l Dspdgbjf kdf Eaibdrla galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, dl gafj iarjgb÷l gal df Aisdrvjtarba Dstjtjf kd fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, bopufsd fj grdjgb÷l kd pafïtbgjs pþifbgjs kbrbebkjs j ahrdgdr tutdfj j fjs vïgtbojs kd fj vbafdlgbj galtdopfjkj dl fj fdy areêlbgj :/900;
28
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
e) Hartjfdgdr df ojrga pdljf y pragdsjf vbedltd pjrj jsdeurjr ulj pratdggb÷l pratdggb÷l bltderjf, kdskd fjs blstjlgbjs nurbskbggbaljfds, j fjs vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. m) Gaarkbljr fas rdgursas d blstruodltas kd taka taka tbpa kd fas kbstbltas kbstbltas pakdrds pþifbgas pjrj jsdeurjr fj prdvdlgb÷l kd fas mdgmas kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra y, dl su gjsa, fj sjlgb÷l jkdgujkj j fas gufpj ifds kd fas obsoas. b) Praoavdr fj gafjiarjgb÷l y pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd fjs dltbkjkds, jsagbjgbalds y arejlbzjgbalds arejlbzjgbalds qud kdskd kdskd fj sagbdkjk gbvbf jgtþjl galtrj fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. n) Haodltjr fj dspdgbjfbzjgb÷l kd fas gafdgtbvas prahdsbaljfds qud bltdrvbdldl dl d l df pragdsa kd blharojgb÷l, jtdlgb÷l y pratdggb÷l j fjs vïgtbojs. c) Ejrjltbzjr df prblgbpba kd trjlsvdrsjfbkjk kd fjs odkbkjs, kd ojldrj qud dl su jpfbgjgb÷l sd tdlejl dl gudltj fjs ldgdsbkjkds y kdojlkjs dspdgïhbgjs kd takjs fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra.
9.7 Odkbkjs kd kd sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l, sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l, prdvdlgb÷l prdvdlgb÷l y kdtdggb÷l kdtdggb÷l J. Pfjlds kd sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l Kdskd fj rdspalsjibfbkjk kdf Eaibdrla kdf Dstjka y kd ojldrj blodkbjtj j fj dltrjkj dl vbear kd dstj Fdy, gal fj galsbeubdltd katjgb÷l prdsupudstjrbj, sd palkrê dl ojrgmj ul Pfjl Ljgbaljf kd Wdlsbibfbzjgb÷l y Prdvdlgb÷l kd fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra qud gaoa oïlboa rdganj fas sbeubdltds dfdodltas> - Zud bltrakuzgj dl df dsgdljrba sagbjf fjs ludvjs dsgjfjs kd vjfards ijsjkjs dl df rdspdta kd fas kdrdgmas y fbidrtjkds hulkjodltjfds y kd fj beujfkjk dltrd maoirds y oundrds, jsï gaoa dl df dndrgbgba kd fj tafdrjlgbj y kd fj fbidrtjk kdltra kd fas prblgbpbas kdoagrêtbgas kd galvbvdlgbj, taka dffa kdskd fj pdrspdgtbvj kd fjs rdfjgbalds kd eâldra. - Kbrbebka tjlta j maoirds gaoa j oundrds, kdskd ul trjijna gaoulbtjrba d bltdrgufturjf. - Zud galtdopfd ul jopfba praerjoj kd kd harojgb÷l gaopfdodltjrbj y kd rdgbgfjnd kd fas prahdsbaljfds qud bltdrvbdldl dl dstjs sbtujgbalds. - Galtrafjka par par ulj Gaobsb÷l Gaobsb÷l kd jopfbj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l, qud qud sd grdjrê dl ul pfjza oêxboa kd ul ods, dl fj qud sd mj kd jsdeurjr fj prdsdlgbj kd fas jhdgtjkas, fjs blstbtugbalds, fas prahdsbaljfds y kd pdrsaljs kd rdgalagbka prdstbeba sagbjf rdfjgbaljka gal df trjtjobdlta kd dstas tdojs. Fas pakdrds pþifbgas, dl df ojrga kd sus gaopdtdlgbjs, bopufsjrêl jkdoês gjopjújs kd blharojgb÷l y sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l dspdgïhbgjs gal df hbl kd prdvdlbr fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. Fjs gjopjújs kd blharojgb÷l y sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l galtrj dstj haroj kd vbafdlgbj sd rdjfbzjrêl kd ojldrj qud sd ejrjltbgd df jggdsa j fjs obsojs kd fjs pdrsaljs gal kbsgjpjgbkjk.
I. Dl df êoibta dkugjtbva j. Prblgbpbas y vjfards kdf sbstdoj sbstdoj dkugjtbva dkugjtbva Df sbstdoj dkugjtbva dspjúaf blgfubrê dltrd sus hblds fj harojgb÷l dl df rdspdta kd fas kdrdgmas y fbidrtjkds hulkjodltjfds y kd fj beujfkjk dltrd maoirds y oundrds, jsï gaoa dl df dndrgbgba d ndrgbgba kd fj tafdrjlgbj y kd fj fbidrtjk kdltra kd fas prblgbpbas kdoagrêtbgas kd galvbvdlgbj. Fj Dkugjgb÷l Blhjltbf galtrbiubrê j kdsjrraffjr dl fj blhjlgbj df jprdlkbzjnd dl fj rdsafugb÷l pjgïhbgj kd galhfbgtas. Fj Dkugjgb÷l Prbojrbj galtrbiubrê j kdsjrraffjr dl df jfuoljka su gjpjgbkjk pjrj jkqubrbr mjibfbkjkds dl fj rdsafugb÷l pjgïhbgj kd galhfbgtas y pjrj gaoprdlkdr y rdspdtjr fj beujfkjk dltrd sdxas. dkbtarbjf } gdp
25
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Jtdlgb÷l Df sbstdoj dkugjtbva dspjúaf blgfubrê, kdltra kd sus prblgbpbas kd gjfbkjk, fj dfbobljgb÷l kd fas aistêgufas qud kbhbguftjl fj pfdlj beujfkjk dltrd maoirds y oundrds y fj harojgb÷l pjrj fj prdvdlgb÷l kd galhfbgtas y pjrj fj rdsafugb÷l pjgïhbgj kd fas obsoas.
Fj Dkugjgb÷l Wdgulkjrbj Aifbejtarbj galtrbiubrê j kdsjrraffjr dl df jfuoljka fj gjpjgbkjk pjrj rdfjgbaljrsd gal fas kdoês kd haroj pjgïhbgj y pjrj galagdr, vjfarjr y rdspdtjr fj beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds kd maoirds y oundrds. Df Ijgmbffdrjta y fj Harojgb÷l Prahdsbaljf galtrbiubrêl j kdsjrraffjr dl df jfuoljka fj gjpjgbkjk pjrj galsafbkjr su ojkurdz pdrsaljf, sagbjf y oarjf, qud fds pdrobtj jgtujr kd haroj rdspalsjifd y jut÷laoj y pjrj jljfbzjr y vjfarjr grïtbgjodltd fjs kdsbeujfkjkds kd sdxa y haodltjr fj beujfkjk rdjf y dhdgtbvj dltrd maoirds y oundrds. Fj Dlsdújlzj pjrj fjs pdrsaljs jkuftjs blgfubrê dltrd sus aindtbvas kdsjrraffjr jgtbvbkjkds dl fj rdsafugb÷l pjgïhbgj kd galhfbgtas y haodltjr df rdspdta j fj kbelbkjk kd fjs pdrsaljs y j fj beujfkjk dltrd maoirds y oundrds. Fjs Tlbvdrsbkjkds blgfubrêl y haodltjrêl dl takas fas êoibtas jgjkâobgas fj harojgb÷l, kagdlgbj d blvdstbejgb÷l dl beujfkjk kd eâldra y la kbsgrbobljgb÷l kd haroj trjlsvdrsjf. i. Dsgafjrbzjgb÷l blodkbjtj dl gjsa kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds gaopdtdltds kdidrêl prdvdr fj dsgafjrbzjgb÷l blodkbjtj kd fas mbnas qud sd vdjl jhdgtjkas par ul gjoiba kd rdsbkdlgbj kdrbvjkj kd jgtas kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. g. Haodlta kd fj beujfkjk Gal df hbl kd ejrjltbzjr fj dhdgtbvj beujfkjk dltrd maoirds y oundrds, fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds dkugjtbvjs vdfjrêl pjrj qud dl takas fas ojtdrbjfds dkugjtbvas sd dfbobldl fas dstdrdatbpas sdxbstjs a kbsgrbobljtarbas y pjrj qud haodltdl df beujf vjfar kd maoirds y oundrds. k. Harojgb÷l blbgbjf y pdrojldltd kdf prahdsarjka Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds dkugjtbvjs jkaptjrêl fjs odkbkjs ldgdsjrbjs pjrj qud dl fas pfjlds kd harojgb÷l blbgbjf y pdrojldltd kdf prahdsarjka sd blgfuyj ulj harojgb÷l dspdgïhbgj dl ojtdrbj kd beujfkjk, gal df hbl kd jsdeurjr qud jkqubdrdl fas galagbobdltas y fjs tâglbgjs ldgdsjrbjs qud fds mjibfbtdl pjrj> j) Fj dkugjgb÷l dl df rdspdta kd fas kdrdgmas y fbidrtjkds hulkjodltjfds y kd fj beujfkjk dltrd maoirds y oundrds y dl df dndrgbgba kd fj tafdrjlgbj y kd fj fbidrtjk kdltra kd fas prblgbpbas kdoagrêtbgas kd galvbvdlgbj. i) Fj dkugjgb÷l dl fj prdvdlgb÷l kd galhfbgtas y dl fj rdsafugb÷l pjgïhbgj kd fas obsoas, dl takas fas êoibtas kd fj vbkj pdrsaljf, hjobfbjr y sagbjf.
2=
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
g) Fj kdtdggb÷l prdgaz prdgaz kd fj vbafdlgbj dl df êoibta hjobfbjr, dspdgbjfodltd saird fj oundr y fas mbnas mbnas d mbnjs. k) Df haodlta kd jgtbtukds dlgjobljkjs jf dndrgbgba kd beujfds kdrdgmas y aifbejgbalds par pjrtd kd oundrds y maoirds, tjlta dl df êoibta pþifbga gaoa prbvjka, y fj garrdspalsjibfbkjk dltrd fas obsoas dl df êoibta kaoâstbga. d. Pjrtbgbpjgb÷l dl fas Galsdnas Dsgafjrds Dsgafjrds Wd jkaptjrêl fjs odkbkjs prdgbsjs pjrj jsdeurjr qud fas Galsdnas Dsgafjrds bopufsdl fj jkapgb÷l kd odkbkjs dkugjtbvjs qud haodltdl fj beujfkjk rdjf y dhdgtbvj dltrd maoirds y oundrds. Gal df obsoa hbl, dl df Galsdna Dsgafjr kdf Dstjka sd jsdeurjrê fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l kdf Blstbtuta kd fj Oundr y kd fjs arejlbzjgbalds qud kdhbdlkjl fas bltdrdsds kd fjs oundrds, gal bopfjltjgb÷l dl taka df tdrrbtarba ljgbaljf. h. Jgtujgb÷l kd fj blspdggb÷l dkugjtbvj Fas sdrvbgbas kd blspdggb÷l dkugjtbvj vdfjrêl par df guopfbobdlta y jpfbgjgb÷l kd fas prblgbpbas y vjfards rdgaebkas dl dstd gjpïtufa dl df sbstdoj dkugjtbva kdstbljkas j haodltjr fj beujfkjk rdjf dltrd oundrds y maoirds.
G. Dl df êoibta kd fj puifbgbkjk y kd fas odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l gaoulbgjgb÷l j. Puifbgbkjk bfïgbtj Kd jgudrka gal fa dstjifdgbka dl fj Fdy 7;/:2==, kd :: kd lavbdoird, Edldrjf kd Puifbgbkjk, sd galsbkdrjrê bfïgbtj fj puifbgbkjk qud utbfbgd fj bojedl kd fj oundr gal gjrêgtdr vdnjtarba a kbsgrbobljtarba. Df Dltd pþifbga jf qud garrdspalkj vdfjr pjrj qud fas odkbas jukbavbsujfds guopfjl sus aifbejgbalds jkaptjrê fjs odkbkjs qud pragdkjl pjrj jsdeurjr ul trjtjobdlta kd fj oundr galharod gal fas prblgbpbas y vjfards galstbtugbaljfds, sbl pdrnubgba kd fjs pasbifds jgtujgbalds par pjrtd kd atrjs dltbkjkds. i. [btufjrds kd fj jggb÷l kd gdsjgb÷l y rdgtbhbgjgb÷l Fj Kdfdejgb÷l Dspdgbjf kdf Eaibdrla galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, df Blstbtuta kd fj Oundr u ÷rejla dqubvjfdltd kd gjkj Gaoulbkjk Jut÷laoj, df Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf y fjs Jsagbjgbalds qud tdlejl gaoa aindtbva þlbga fj kdhdlsj kd fas bltdrdsds kd fj oundr dstjrêl fdebtbojkas pjrj dndrgbtjr jltd fas [rbiuljfds fj jggb÷l kd gdsjgb÷l kd puifbgbkjk bfïgbtj par utbfbzjr dl haroj vdnjtarbj fj bojedl kd fj oundr, dl fas târoblas kd fj Fdy 7;/:2==, kd :: kd lavbdoird, Edldrjf kd Puifbgbkjk. g. Odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷ gaoulbgjgb÷l l Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs vdfjrêl par df guopfbobdlta dstrbgta kd fj fdebsfjgb÷l dl fa rdfjtbva j fj pratdggb÷l y sjfvjeujrkj kd fas kdrdgmas hulkjodltjfds, gal dspdgbjf jtdlgb÷l j fj drrjkbgjgb÷l kd galkugtjs hjvardgdkarjs kd sbtujgbalds kd kdsbeujfkjk kd fjs oundrds dl takas fas odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l sagbjf, kd jgudrka gal fj fdebsfjgb÷l vbedltd. Fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l pþifbgj praoavdrê jgudrkas kd jutarrdeufjgb÷l qud, galtjlka gal odgjlbsoas kd galtraf prdvdltbva y kd rdsafugb÷l dxtrjnukbgbjf kd galtravdrsbjs dhbgjgds, galtrbiuyjl jf guopfbobdlta kd fj fdebsfjgb÷l puifbgbtjrbj. Fas odkbas kd gaoulbgjgb÷l haodltjrêl fj pratdggb÷l y sjfvjeujrkj kd fj beujfkjk dltrd maoird y oundr, dvbtjlka takj kbsgrbobljgb÷l dltrd dffas.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
22
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
K. Dl df df êoibta sjlbtjrba. Wdlsbibfbzjgb÷l Wdlsbibfbzjgb÷l y harojgb÷l
Bopartjltd Fj kbhusb÷l kd blharojgbalds rdfjtbvjs j fj vbafdlgbj saird fj oundr ejrjltbzjrê, gal fj garrdspalkbdltd aindtbvbkjk blharojtbvj, fj kdhdlsj kd fas kdrdgmas muojlas, fj fbidrtjk y kbelbkjk kd fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj y kd sus mbnas. Dl pjrtbgufjr, sd tdlkrê dspdgbjf gubkjka dl df trjtjobdlta erêhbga kd fjs blharojgbalds.
Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds sjlbtjrbjs, dl df sdla kdf Galsdna Bltdrtdrrbtarbjf kdf Wbstdoj Ljgbaljf kd Wjfuk, praoavdrêl d bopufsjrêl jgtujgbalds kd fas prahdsbaljfds sjlbtjrbas pjrj fj kdtdggb÷l prdgaz kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra y prapalkrêl fjs odkbkjs qud dstbodl ldgdsjrbjs j hbl kd aptbobzjr fj galtrbiugb÷l kdf sdgtar sjlbtjrba dl fj fugmj galtrj dstd tbpa kd vbafdlgbj. Dl pjrtbgufjr, sd kdsjrraffjrêl praerjojs kd sdlsbibfbzjgb÷l y harojgb÷l galtblujkj kdf pdrsaljf sjlbtjrba gal df hbl h bl kd odnarjr d bopufsjr df kbjel÷stbga prdgaz, fj jsbstdlgbj y fj rdmjibfbtjgb÷l kd fj oundr dl fjs sbtujgbalds kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra j qud sd rdhbdrd dstj Fdy. Fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds dkugjtbvjs gaopdtdltds jsdeurjrêl qud dl fas êoibtas gurrbgufjrds kd fjs fbgdlgbjturjs y kbpfaojturjs, y dl fas praerjojs kd dspdgbjfbzjgb÷l kd fjs prahdsbalds sagbasjlbtjrbjs, sd blgarpardl galtdlbkas kbrbebkas j fj gjpjgbtjgb÷l pjrj fj prdvdlgb÷l, fj kdtdggb÷l prdgaz, bltdrvdlgb÷l y jpaya j fjs vïgtbojs kd dstj haroj kd vbafdlgbj. Dl fas Pfjlds Ljgbaljfds kd Wjfuk qud pragdkjl sd galtdopfjrê ul jpjrtjka kd prdvdlgb÷l d bltdrvdlgb÷l bltderjf dl vbafdlgbj kd eâldra.
9.; Galsdna Bltdrtdrrbtarbj Bltdrtdrrbtarbjff kdf Wbstdoj Ljgbaljf kd Wjfuk Dl df sdla kdf Galsdna Bltdrtdrrbtarbjf kdf Wbstdoj Ljgbaljf kd Wjfuk sd galstbtubrê, dl df pfjza kd ul júa kdskd fj dltrjkj dl vbear kd fj fdy areêlbgj :/900;, ulj Gaobsb÷l galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra qud jpayd tâglbgjodltd y arbdltd fj pfjlbhbgjgb÷l kd fjs odkbkjs sjlbtjrbjs galtdopfjkjs dl dstd gjpïtufa, dvjfþd y prapalej fjs ldgdsjrbjs pjrj fj jpfbgjgb÷l kdf pratagafa sjlbtjrba y gujfdsqubdrj atrjs odkbkjs qud sd dstbodl prdgbsjs pjrj qud df sdgtar sjlbtjrba galtrbiuyj j fj drrjkbgjgb÷l kd dstj haroj kd vbafdlgbj. Fj Gaobsb÷l galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra kdf Galsdna Bltdrtdrrbtarbjf kdf Wbstdoj Ljgbaljf kd Wjfuk dstjrê gaopudstj par rdprdsdltjltds kd takjs fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs gal gaopdtdlgbj dl fj ojtdrbj. Fj Gaobsb÷l dobtbrê ul blharod jlujf qud sdrê rdobtbka jf Aisdrvjtarba Dstjtjf kd fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr y jf Pfdla kdf Galsdna Bltdrtdrrbtarbjf.
:00
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
9.4 Kdrdgmas kd fjs oundrds vïgtbojs vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra eâldra J. Kdrdgma j fj blharojgb÷l, j fj jsbstdlgbj sagbjf bltderjf y j fj jsbstdlgbj nurïkbgj erjtubtj j. Ejrjltïj kd fas kdrdgmas kd fjs vïgtbojs [akjs fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, gal blkdpdlkdlgbj kd su arbedl, rdfbeb÷l a gujfqubdr atrj galkbgb÷l a gbrgulstjlgbj pdrsaljf a sagbjf, tbdldl ejrjltbzjkas fas kdrdgmas rdgalagbkas dl fj fdy areêlbgj :/900;. Fj blharojgb÷l, fj jsbstdlgbj sagbjf bltderjf y fj jsbstdlgbj nurïkbgj j fjs vïgtbojs kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, dl fas târoblas rdeufjkas dl dstd gjpïtufa, galtrbiuydl j mjgdr rdjfds y dhdgtbvas sus kdrdgmas galstbtugbaljfds j fj bltderbkjk hïsbgj y oarjf, j fj fbidrtjk y sdeurbkjk y j fj beujfkjk y la kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. i. Kdrdgma j fj blharojgb÷l Fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra tbdldl kdrdgma j rdgbibr pfdlj blharojgb÷l y jsdsarjobdlta jkdgujka j su sbtujgb÷l pdrsaljf, j trjvâs kd fas sdrvbgbas, arejlbsoas u ahbgbljs qud pudkjl kbspaldr fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs. Kbgmj blharojgb÷l gaoprdlkdrê fjs odkbkjs galtdopfjkjs dl dstj Fdy rdfjtbvjs j su pratdggb÷l y sdeurbkjk, y fas kdrdgmas y jyukjs prdvbstas dl fj obsoj, jsï gaoa fj rdhdrdltd jf fuejr kd prdstjgb÷l kd fas sdrvbgbas kd jtdlgb÷l, dodredlgbj, jpaya y rdgupdrjgb÷l bltderjf. Wd ejrjltbzjrê, j trjvâs kd fas odkbas ldgdsjrbas, l dgdsjrbas, qud fjs oundrds gal kbsgjpjgbkjk vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra tdlejl jggdsa bltderjf j fj blharojgb÷l saird sus kdrdgmas y saird fas rdgursas dxbstdltds. Dstj blharojgb÷l kdidrê ahrdgdrsd dl harojta jggdsbifd y gaoprdlsbifd j fjs pdrsaljs gal kbsgjpjgbkjk, tjfds gaoa fdleuj kd sbelas u atrjs oakjfbkjkds u apgbalds kd gaoulbgjgb÷l, blgfubkas fas sbstdojs jftdrljtbvas y juodltjtbvas. Jsbobsoa, sd jrtbgufjrêl fas odkbas ldgdsjrbas pjrj qud fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra qud par sus gbrgulstjlgbjs pdrsaljfds y sagbjfds pudkjl tdldr ulj ojyar kbhbguftjk pjrj df jggdsa bltderjf j fj blharojgb÷l, tdlejl ejrjltbzjka df dndrgbgba dhdgtbva kd dstd kdrdgma. g. Kdrdgma j fj jsbstdlgbj sagbjf bltderjf Fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra tbdldl kdrdgma j sdrvbgbas sagbjfds kd jtdlgb÷l, kd dodredlgbj, kd jpaya y jgaebkj y kd rdgupdrjgb÷l bltderjf. Fj arejlbzjgb÷l kd dstas sdrvbgbas par pjrtd kd fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs y fjs Garparjgbalds Fagjfds, rdspalkdrê j fas prblgbpbas kd jtdlgb÷l pdrojldltd, jgtujgb÷l uredltd, dspdgbjfbzjgb÷l kd prdstjgbalds y ouftbkbsgbpfbljrbdkjk prahdsbaljf. Fj jtdlgb÷l ouftbkbsgbpfbljr bopfbgjrê dspdgbjfodltd> j) Blharojgb÷l j fjs vïgtbojs. i) Jtdlgb÷l psbgaf÷ebgj. g) Jpaya sagbjf. k) Wdeubobdlta kd fjs rdgfjojgbalds rdgfjojgbalds kd fas kdrdgmas kd kd fj oundr. d) Jpaya dkugjtbva dkugjtbva j fj ulbkjk hjobfbjr. h) Harojgb÷l prdvdltbvj dl fas vjfards vjfards kd beujfkjk kbrbebkj j su kdsjrraffa pdrsaljf y j fj jkqubsbgb÷l kd mjibfbkjkds dl fj rdsafugb÷l la vbafdltj kd galhfbgtas.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
:0:
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
e) Jpaya j fj harojgb÷l d blsdrgb÷l fjiarjf. Fas sdrvbgbas jkaptjrêl h÷roufjs arejlbzjtbvjs qud, par fj dspdgbjfbzjgb÷l kd su pdrsaljf, par sus gjrjgtdrïstbgjs kd galvdredlgbj d bltderjgb÷l kd jggbalds, ejrjltbgdl fj dhdgtbvbkjk kd fas blkbgjkas prblgbpbas. Dstas sdrvbgbas jgtujrêl gaarkbljkjodltd y dl gafjiarjgb÷l gal fas Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk, fas Nudgds kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, fas sdrvbgbas sjlbtjrbas y fjs blstbtugbalds dlgjrejkjs kd prdstjr jsbstdlgbj nurïkbgj j fjs vïgtbojs, kdf êoibta edaerêhbga garrdspalkbdltd. Dstas sdrvbgbas pakrêl safbgbtjr jf Nudz fjs odkbkjs uredltds qud galsbkdrdl ldgdsjrbjs. [joibâl tdlkrêl kdrdgma j fj jsbstdlgbj sagbjf bltderjf j trjvâs kd dstas sdrvbgbas sagbjfds fas odlards qud sd dlgudltrdl ijna fj pjtrbj patdstjk a eujrkj y gustakbj kd fj pdrsalj jerdkbkj. J dstas dhdgtas, fas sdrvbgbas sagbjfds kdidrêl galtjr gal pdrsaljf dspdgïhbgjodltd harojka pjrj jtdlkdr j fas odlards, gal df hbl kd prdvdlbr y dvbtjr kd haroj dhbgjz fjs sbtujgbalds qud pudkjl gaopartjr kjúas psïqubgas y hïsbgas j fas odlards qud vbvdl dl dltarlas hjobfbjrds kalkd dxbstd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. Dl fas blstruodltas y pragdkbobdltas kd gaapdrjgb÷l dltrd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka y fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l kd fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs dl fjs ojtdrbjs rdeufjkjs dl dstd jrtïgufa, sd blgfubrêl gaopraobsas kd jpartjgb÷l, par pjrtd kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l Edldrjf kdf Dstjka, kd rdgursas hbljlgbdras rdhdrbkas dspdgïhbgjodltd j fj prdstjgb÷l kd fas sdrvbgbas. Fas arejlbsoas kd beujfkjk arbdltjrêl y vjfarjrêl fas praerjojs y jggbalds qud sd ffdvdl j gjia y dobtbrêl rdgaodlkjgbalds pjrj su odnarj. k. Jsbstdlgbj nurïkbgj Fjs vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra tbdldl kdrdgma j rdgbibr jsdsarjobdlta nurïkbga erjtubta dl df oaodlta blodkbjtjodltd prdvba j fj bltdrpasbgb÷l kd fj kdlulgbj, y j fj kdhdlsj y rdprdsdltjgb÷l erjtubtjs par jiaejka y pragurjkar dl takas fas pragdsas y pragdkbobdltas jkoblbstrjtbvas qud tdlejl gjusj kbrdgtj a blkbrdgtj dl fj vbafdlgbj pjkdgbkj. Dl dstas supudstas, ulj obsoj kbrdggb÷l fdtrjkj kdidrê jsuobr fj kdhdlsj kd fj vïgtboj, sbdoprd qud gal dffa sd ejrjltbgd kdibkjodltd su kdrdgma kd kdhdlsj. Dstd kdrdgma jsbstbrê tjoibâl j fas gjusjmjibdltds dl gjsa kd hjffdgbobdlta kd fj vïgtboj, sbdoprd qud la hudrjl pjrtïgbpds dl fas mdgmas. Dl taka gjsa, sd ejrjltbzjrê fj kdhdlsj nurïkbgj, erjtubtj y dspdgbjfbzjkj kd haroj blodkbjtj j takjs fjs vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra qud fa safbgbtdl. Dl taka gjsa, gujlka sd trjtd kd ejrjltbzjr fj kdhdlsj y jsbstdlgbj nurïkbgj j fjs vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, sd pragdkdrê kd galharobkjk gal fa kbspudsta dl fj Fdy :/:228, kd :0 dldra, kd Jsbstdlgbj Nurïkbgj Erjtubtj. Fas Gafdebas kd Jiaejkas, gujlka dxbnjl pjrj df dndrgbgba kdf turla kd ahbgba gursas kd dspdgbjfbzjgb÷l, jsdeurjrêl ulj harojgb÷l dspdgïhbgj qud gajkyuvd jf dndrgbgba prahdsbaljf kd ulj kdhdlsj dhbgjz dl ojtdrbj kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. Beujfodltd, fas Gafdebas kd Jiaejkas jkaptjrêl fjs odkbkjs ldgdsjrbjs pjrj fj kdsbeljgb÷l uredltd kd fdtrjka kd ahbgba dl fas pragdkbobdltas qud sd sbejl par vbafdlgbj kd eâldra.
I. Kdrdgmas fjiarjfds fjiarjfds y prdstjgbalds kd fj Wdeurbkjk Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf Wagbjf j. Kdrdgmas fjiarjfds fjiarjfds y kd Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf Fj trjijnjkarj vïgtboj kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra tdlkrê kdrdgma, dl fas târoblas prdvbstas dl df Dstjtuta kd fas [rjijnjkards, j fj rdkuggb÷l a j fj rdarkdljgb÷l kd su tbdopa kd trjijna, j fj oavbfbkjk edaerêhbgj, jf gjoiba kd gdltra kd trjijna, j fj suspdlsb÷l kd fj rdfjgb÷l fjiarjf gal rdsdrvj kd pudsta kd trjijna y j fj dxtblgb÷l kdf galtrjta kd trjijna.
:09
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
Dl fas târoblas prdvbstas dl fj Fdy Edldrjf kd fj Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf, fj suspdlsb÷l y fj dxtblgb÷l kdf galtrjta kd trjijna prdvbstjs dl df jpjrtjka jltdrbar kjrêl fuejr j sbtujgb÷l fdejf kd kdsdopfda. Df tbdopa kd suspdlsb÷l sd galsbkdrjrê gaoa pdrïaka kd gatbzjgb÷l dhdgtbvj j dhdgtas kd fjs prdstjgbalds kd Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf y kd kdsdopfda. Fjs doprdsjs qud harojfbgdl galtrjtas kd bltdrblbkjk pjrj sustbtubr j trjijnjkarjs vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra qud mjyjl suspdlkbka su galtrjta kd trjijna a dndrgbtjka su kdrdgma j fj oavbfbkjk edaerêhbgj a jf gjoiba kd gdltra kd trjijna, tdlkrêl kdrdgma j ulj ialbhbgjgb÷l kdf :00 par :00 kd fjs guatjs doprdsjrbjfds j fj Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf par galtbledlgbjs gaoulds, kurjltd taka df pdrïaka kd suspdlsb÷l kd fj trjijnjkarj sustbtubkj a kurjltd sdbs odsds dl fas supudstas kd oavbfbkjk edaerêhbgj a gjoiba kd gdltra kd trjijna. Gujlka sd prakuzgj fj rdblgarparjgb÷l, âstj sd rdjfbzjrê dl fjs obsojs galkbgbalds dxbstdltds dl df oaodlta kd fj suspdlsb÷l kdf galtrjta kd trjijna. Fjs jusdlgbjs a hjftjs kd pultujfbkjk jf trjijna oatbvjkjs par fj sbtujgb÷l hïsbgj a psbgaf÷ebgj kdrbvjkj kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra sd galsbkdrjrêl nustbhbgjkjs, gujlka jsï fa kdtdrobldl fas sdrvbgbas sagbjfds kd jtdlgb÷l a sdrvbgbas kd sjfuk, sdeþl pragdkj, sbl pdrnubgba kd qud kbgmjs jusdlgbjs sdjl gaoulbgjkjs par fj trjijnjkarj j fj doprdsj j fj ojyar irdvdkjk. J fjs trjijnjkarjs par gudltj prapbj vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra qud gdsdl dl su jgtbvbkjk pjrj mjgdr dhdgtbvj su pratdggb÷l a su kdrdgma j fj jsbstdlgbj sagbjf bltderjf, sd fds suspdlkdrê fj aifbejgb÷l kd gatbzjgb÷l kurjltd ul pdrïaka kd sdbs odsds, qud fds sdrêl galsbkdrjkas gaoa kd gatbzjgb÷l dhdgtbvj j dhdgtas kd fjs prdstjgbalds kd Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf. Jsbobsoa, su sbtujgb÷l sdrê galsbkdrjkj gaoa jsbobfjkj jf jftj. J fas dhdgtas kd fa prdvbsta dl df pêrrjha jltdrbar, sd taojrê ulj ijsd kd gatbzjgb÷l dqubvjfdltd jf praodkba kd fjs ijsds gatbzjkjs kurjltd fas sdbs odsds prdvbas j fj suspdlsb÷l kd fj aifbejgb÷l kd gatbzjr. i. Praerjoj dspdgïhbga kd dopfda Dl df ojrga kdf Pfjl kd Dopfda kdf Ydbla kd Dspjúj, sd blgfubrê ul praerjoj kd jggb÷l dspdgïhbga pjrj fjs vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra blsgrbtjs gaoa kdojlkjltds kd dopfda. Dstd praerjoj blgfubrê odkbkjs pjrj hjvardgdr df blbgba kd ulj ludvj jgtbvbkjk par gudltj prapbj. g. Jgrdkbtjgb÷l kd fjs fjs sbtujgbalds kd vbafdlgbj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra dndrgbkj saird fjs trjijnjkarjs Fjs sbtujgbalds kd vbafdlgbj qud kjl fuejr jf rdgalagbobdlta kd fas kdrdgmas rdeufjkas dl dstd gjpïtufa sd jgrdkbtjrêl gal fj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l j hjvar kd fj vïgtboj. Dxgdpgbaljfodltd, sdrê tïtufa kd jgrdkbtjgb÷l kd dstj sbtujgb÷l, df blharod kdf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf qud blkbqud fj dxbstdlgbj kd blkbgbas kd qud fj kdojlkjltd ds vïgtboj kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra mjstj tjlta sd kbgtd fj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l.
G. Kdrdgmas kd fjs hulgbaljrbjs pþifbgjs j. Êoibta kd fas kdrdgmas Fj hulgbaljrbj vïgtboj kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra tdlkrê kdrdgma j fj rdkuggb÷l a j fj rdarkdljgb÷l kd su tbdopa kd trjijna, j fj oavbfbkjk edaerêhbgj kd gdltra kd trjijna y j fj dxgdkdlgbj dl fas târoblas qud sd kdtdrobldl dl su fdebsfjgb÷l dspdgïhbgj. i. Nustbhbgjgb÷l kd fjs hjftjs kd jsbstdlgbj Fjs jusdlgbjs tatjfds a pjrgbjfds jf trjijna oatbvjkjs par fj sbtujgb÷l hïsbgj a psbgaf÷ebgj kdrbvjkj kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra suhrbkj par ulj oundr hulgbaljrbj sd galsbkdrjrêl nustbhbgjkjs dl fas târoblas qud sd kdtdrobld dl su fdebsfjgb÷l dspdgïhbgj. dkbtarbjf } gdp
:07
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9 g. Jgrdkbtjgb÷l kd fjs sbtujgbalds kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra dndrgbkj saird fjs hulgbaljrbjs Fj jgrdkbtjgb÷l kd fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs qud kjl fuejr jf rdgalagbobdlta kd fas kdrdgmas kd oavbfbkjk edaerêhbgj kd gdltra kd trjijna, dxgdkdlgbj, y rdkuggb÷l a rdarkdljgb÷l kdf tbdopa kd trjijna, sd rdjfbzjrê dl fas târoblas dstjifdgbkas dl df jpjrtjka g. jltdrbar.
K. Kdrdgmas dgal÷obgas j. Jyukjs sagbjfds Gujlka fjs vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra gjrdgbdsdl kd rdltjs supdrbards, dl g÷oputa odlsujf, jf 54 par :00 kdf sjfjrba oïlboa bltdrprahdsbaljf, dxgfubkj fj pjrtd prapargbaljf kd kas pjejs dxtrjarkbljrbjs, rdgbibrêl ulj jyukj kd pjea þlbga, sbdoprd qud sd prdsuoj qud kdibka j su dkjk, hjftj kd prdpjrjgb÷l edldrjf a dspdgbjfbzjkj y gbrgulstjlgbjs sagbjfds, fj vïgtboj tdlkrê dspdgbjfds kbhbguftjkds pjrj aitdldr ul dopfda y par kbgmj gbrgulstjlgbj la pjrtbgbpjrê dl fas praerjojs kd dopfda dstjifdgbkas pjrj su blsdrgb÷l prahdsbaljf. Df bopartd kd dstj jyukj sdrê dqubvjfdltd jf kd sdbs odsds kd suisbkba par kdsdopfda. Gujlka fj vïgtboj kd fj vbafdlgbj dndrgbkj galtrj fj oundr tuvbdrj rdgalagbkj ahbgbjfodltd ulj oblusvjfïj dl erjka beujf a supdrbar jf 77 par :00, df bopartd sdrïj dqubvjfdltd j :9 odsds kd suisbkba par kdsdopfda. Dstjs jyukjs, hbljlgbjkjs gal gjrea j fas Prdsupudstas Edldrjfds kdf Dstjka, sdrêl galgdkbkjs par fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds gaopdtdltds dl ojtdrbj kd sdrvbgbas sagbjfds. Dl fj trjobtjgb÷l kdf pragdkbobdlta kd galgdsb÷l, kdidrê blgarparjrsd blharod kdf Wdrvbgba Pþifbga kd Dopfda rdhdrbka j fj prdvbsbibfbkjk kd qud par fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs j fjs qud sd rdhbdrd df pêrrjha :¾ kd dstd jpjrtjka, fj jpfbgjgb÷l kdf praerjoj kd dopfda la blgbkj kd haroj sustjlgbjf dl fj odnarj kd fj dopfdjibfbkjk kd fj vïgtboj. Dl df gjsa kd qud fj vïgtboj tdlej rdspalsjibfbkjkds hjobfbjrds, su bopartd pakrê jfgjlzjr df kd ul pdrïaka dqubvjfdltd jf kd := odsds kd suisbkba, a kd 9; odsds sb fj vïgtboj a jfeula kd fas hjobfbjrds qud galvbvdl gal dffj tbdld rdgalagbkj ahbgbjfodltd ulj oblusvjfïj dl erjka beujf a supdrbar jf 77 par :00, dl fas târoblas qud dstjifdzgjl fjs kbspasbgbalds kd kdsjrraffa kd fj fdy areêlbgj :/900;. Dstjs jyukjs sdrêl gaopjtbifds gal gujfqubdrj kd fjs prdvbstjs dl fj Fdy 74/:224, kd :: kd kbgbdoird, kd Jyukjs y Jsbstdlgbj j fjs Xïgtbojs kd Kdfbtas Xbafdltas y galtrj fj Fbidrtjk Wdxujf. i. Jggdsa j fj vbvbdlkj y rdsbkdlgbjs pþifbgjs pjrj ojyards Fjs oundrds vïgtbojs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra sdrêl galsbkdrjkjs gafdgtbvas prbarbtjrbas dl df jggdsa j vbvbdlkjs pratdebkjs y rdsbkdlgbjs pþifbgjs pjrj ojyards, dl fas târoblas qud kdtdrobld fj fdebsfjgb÷l jpfbgjifd.
9.8 [utdfj Blstbtugbaljf J. Fj Kdfdejgb÷l Dspdgbjf Dspdgbjf kdf Eaibdrla Eaibdrla galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra Eâldra Fj Kdfdejgb÷l Dspdgbjf kdf Eaibdrla galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra, jksgrbtj jf Oblbstdrba kd Wjlbkjk, Wdrvbgbas Wagbjfds d Beujfkjk, haroufjrê fjs pafïtbgjs pþifbgjs dl rdfjgb÷l gal fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra j kdsjrraffjr par df Eaibdrla, y gaarkbljrê d bopufsjrê gujltjs jggbalds sd rdjfbgdl dl kbgmj ojtdrbj, trjijnjlka dl gafjiarjgb÷l y gaarkbljgb÷l gal fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds gal gaopdtdlgbj dl fj ojtdrbj. Df tbtufjr kd fj Kdfdejgb÷l Dspdgbjf kdf Eaibdrla galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra dstjrê fdebtbojka jltd fas ÷rejlas nurbskbggbaljfds pjrj bltdrvdlbr dl kdhdlsj kd fas kdrdgmas y kd fas bltdrdsds tutdfjkas dl fj Fdy dl gafjiarjgb÷l y gaarkbljgb÷l gal fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds gal gaopdtdlgbjs dl fj ojtdrbj. :0;
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
Ydefjodltjrbjodltd sd kdtdrobljrê df rjlea y fjs hulgbalds galgrdtjs kdf tbtufjr kd fj Kdfdejgb÷l Dspdgbjf kdf Eaibdrla galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra.
I. Aisdrvjtarba Dstjtjf kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr Wd galstbtubrê df Aisdrvjtarba Dstjtjf kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, gaoa ÷rejla gafdebjka jksgrbta jf Oblbstdrba kd Beujfkjk, jf qud garrdspalkdrê df jsdsarjobdlta, dvjfujgb÷l, gafj iarjgb÷l blstbtugb blstbtugbaljf, aljf, dfjiarjgb dfjiarjgb÷l ÷l kd blharods y dstukbas, y prapudstjs kd jgtujgb÷l dl ojtdrbj kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. Dstas blharods, dstukbas y prapudstjs galsbkdrjrêl kd haroj dspdgbjf fj sbtujgb÷l kd fjs oundrds gal ojyar rbdsea kd suhrbr vbafdlgbj kd eâldra a gal ojyards kbhbguftjkds pjrj jggdkdr j fas sdrvbgbas. Dl gujfqubdr gjsa, fas kjtas galtdlbkas dl kbgmas blharods, dstukbas y prapudstjs sd galsbeljrêl kdsjerdejkas par sdxa. Df Aisdrvjtarba Dstjtjf kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr rdobtbrê jf Eaibdrla y j fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs, gal pdrbakbgbkjk jlujf, ul blharod saird fj dvafugb÷l kd fj vbafdlgbj dndrgbkj saird fj oundr, gal kdtdrobljgb÷l kd fas tbpas pdljfds qud sd mjyjl jpfbgjka, y kd fj dhdgtbvbkjk kd fjs odkbkjs jgarkjkjs pjrj fj pratdggb÷l kd fjs vïgtbojs. Df blharod kdstjgjrê jsbobsoa fjs ldgdsbkjkds kd rdharoj fdejf gal aindta kd ejrjltbzjr qud fj jpfbgjgb÷l kd fjs odkbkjs kd pratdggb÷l jkaptjkjs pudkjl jsdeurjr df oêxboa lbvdf kd tutdfj pjrj fjs oundrds. Ydefjodltjrbjodltd sd kdtdrobljrêl sus hulgbalds, su râebodl kd hulgbaljobdlta y su gaopasbgb÷l, dl fj qud sd ejrjltbzjrê, dl taka gjsa, fj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs, fjs dltbkjkds fagjfds, fas jedltds sagbjfds, fjs jsagbjgbalds kd galsuobkards y usujrbas, y fjs arejlbzjgbalds kd oundrds gal bopfjltjgb÷l dl taka df tdrrbtarba kdf Dstjka jsï gaoa kd fjs arejlbzjgbalds doprdsjrbjfds y sblkbgjfds oês rdprdsdltjtbvjs.
G. Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk Df Eaibdrla dstjifdgdrê, dl fjs Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk kdf Dstjka, ulbkjkds dspdgbjfbzjkjs dl fj prdvdlgb÷l kd fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra y dl df galtraf kd fj dndgugb÷l kd fjs odkbkjs nukbgbjfds jkaptjkjs. Df Eaibdrla, gal df hbl kd mjgdr oês dhdgtbvj fj pratdggb÷l kd fjs vïgtbojs, praoavdrê fjs jgtujgbalds ldgdsjrbjs pjrj qud fjs Pafbgïjs Fagjfds, dl df ojrga kd su gafjiarjgb÷l gal fjs Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk kdf Dstjka, gaapdrdl dl jsdeurjr df guopfbobdlta kd fjs odkbkjs jgarkjkjs par fas ÷rejlas nukbgbjfds gujlka âstjs sdjl jfeuljs kd fjs prdvbstjs dl fj Fdy a dl df jrtïgufa 4;; ibs kd fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf a dl df jrtïgufa 45 kdf G÷kbea Pdljf. dkbtarbjf } gdp
Bopartjltd Fj jgtujgb÷l kd fjs Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk mjirê kd tdldr dl gudltj df Pratagafa kd Jgtujgb÷l kd fjs Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk y kd Gaarkbljgb÷l gal fas ×rejlas Nukbgbjf Nukb gbjfds ds pjr pjrjj fj pra pratdg tdggb÷ gb÷ll kd fj vbafdlgbj kaoâstbgj y kd eâldra.
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Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Fa jquï kbspudsta sdrê kd jpfbgjgb÷l dl fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs qud gudltdl gal gudrpas kd pafbgïj qud kdsjrraffdl fjs hulgbalds kd pratdggb÷l kd fjs pdrsaljs y ibdlds y df ojltdlbobdlta kdf arkdl y fj sdeurbkjk gbukjkjlj kdltra kdf tdrrbtarba jut÷laoa, dl fas târoblas prdvbstas dl sus Dstjtutas, dl fj Fdy Areêlbgj 9/:2=8, kd :7 kd ojrza, kd Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk, y dl sus fdyds kd pafbgïj, y taka dffa gal fj hbljfbkjk kd mjgdr oês dhdgtbvj fj pratdggb÷l kd fjs vïgtbojs.
K. Pfjlds kd gafjiarjgb÷l Fas pakdrds pþifbgas dfjiarjrêl pfjlds kd gafjiarjgb÷l qud ejrjltbgdl fj arkdljgb÷l kd sus jgtujgbalds dl fj prdvdlgb÷l, jsbstdlgbj y pdrsdgugb÷l kd fas jgtas kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, qud kdidrêl bopfbgjr j fjs jkoblbstrjgbalds sjlbtjrbjs, fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l kd Nustbgbj, fjs Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk y fas sdrvbgbas sagbjfds y arejlbsoas kd beujfkjk. Dl kdsjrraffa kd kbgmas pfjlds, sd jrtbgufjrêl pratagafas kd jgtujgb÷l qud kdtdrobldl fas pragdkbobdltas qud jsdeurdl ulj jgtujgb÷l efaijf d bltderjf kd fjs kbstbltjs jkoblbstrjgbalds y sdrvbgbas bopfbgjkas, y qud ejrjltbgdl fj jgtbvbkjk praijtarbj dl fas pragdsas qud sd sbejl. Fjs jkoblbstrjgbalds gal gaopdtdlgbjs sjlbtjrbjs praoavdrêl fj jpfbgjgb÷l, pdrojldltd jgtujfbzjgb÷l y kbhusb÷l kd pratagafas qud galtdlejl pjutjs ulbharods kd jgtujgb÷l sjlbtjrbj, tjlta dl df êoibta pþifbga gaoa prbvjka, y dl dspdgbjf, kdf Pratagafa jpraijka par df Galsdna Bltdrtdrrbtarbjf kdf Wbstdoj Ljgbaljf kd Wjfuk. [jfds pratagafas bopufsjrêl fjs jgtbvbkjkds kd prdvdlgb÷l, kdtdggb÷l prdgaz d bltdrvdlgb÷l galtblujkj gal fj oundr saodtbkj j vbafdlgbj kd eâldra a dl rbdsea kd pjkdgdrfj. Fas pratagafas, jkdoês kd rdhdrbrsd j fas pragdkbobdltas j sdeubr, mjrêl rdhdrdlgbj dxprdsj j fjs rdfjgbalds gal fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l kd Nustbgbj, dl jqudffas gjsas dl qud dxbstj galstjtjgb÷l a saspdgmj hulkjkj kd kjúas hïsbgas a psïqubgas agjsbaljkas par dstjs ds tjs jerdsbalds a jiusas. Dl fjs jgtujgbalds prdvbstjs dl dstd jpjrtjka sd galsbkdrjrê kd haroj dspdgbjf fj sbtujgb÷l kd fjs oundrds qud, par sus gbrgulstjlgbjs pdrsaljfds y sagbjfds pudkjl tdldr ojyar rbdsea kd suhrbr fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra a ojyards kbhbguftjkds pjrj jggdkdr j fas sdrvbgbas prdvbstas dl fj Fdy, tjfds gaoa fjs pdrtdldgbdltds j oblarïjs, fjs bloberjltds, fjs qud sd dlgudltrjl dl sbtujgb÷l kd dxgfusb÷l sagbjf a fjs oundrds gal kbsgjpjgbkjk.
D. [utdfj Pdljf LA[J> [âlejsd dl gudltj qud fjs oakbhbgjgbalds kd fjs larojs galtdlbkjs dl fj Fdy jljfbzjkj mjl sbka dl pjrtd jftdrjkjs par sugdsbvjs oakbhbgjgbalds, par fa qud dl su gjsa pjrj fj odnar gaoprdlsb÷l y dstukba kd fj ojtdrbj dxpaldoas fj rdkjggb÷l vbedltd kd takjs dffjs.
j. Wuspdlsb÷l kd pdljs Fas jpjrtjkas : y 9 kdf jrtïgufa =7 kdf G÷kbea Pdljf, dl su rdkjggb÷l vbedltd, qudkj rdkjgtjka kd fj haroj sbeubdltd> «:. Df nudz a trbiuljf pakrê galkbgbaljr fj suspdlsb÷l jf guopfbobdlta kd fjs sbeubdltds prambibgbalds y kdidrds gujlka dffa rdsuftd ldgdsjrba pjrj dvbtjr df pdfbera kd gaobsb÷l kd ludvas kdfbtas, sbl qud pudkjl bopaldrsd kdidrds y aifbejgbalds qud rdsuftdl dxgdsbvas y kdsprapargbaljkas> :.ª Prambibgb÷l kd jpraxbojrsd j fj vïgtboj a j jquâffas kd sus hjobfbjrds u atrjs pdrsaljs qud sd kdtdrobld par df nudz a trbiuljf, j sus kaobgbfbas, j sus fuejrds kd trjijna a j atras fuejrds mjibtujfodltd hrdgudltjkas par dffas, a kd gaoulbgjr gal fas obsoas par gujfqubdr odkba. Fj
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dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
bopasbgb÷l kd dstj prambibgb÷l sdrê sbdoprd gaoulbgjkj j fjs pdrsaljs gal rdfjgb÷l j fjs gujfds sdj jgarkjkj. 9.ª Prambibgb÷l kd dstjifdgdr galtjgta gal pdrsaljs kdtdrobljkjs a gal obdoiras kd ul erupa kdtdrobljka, gujlka dxbstjl blkbgbas qud pdrobtjl supaldr hulkjkjodltd qud tjfds sundtas pudkdl hjgbfbtjrfd fj agjsb÷l pjrj gaodtdr ludvas kdfbtas a blgbtjrfd j mjgdrfa. 7.ª Ojltdldr su fuejr kd rdsbkdlgbj dl ul fuejr kdtdrobljka gal prambibgb÷l kd jijlkaljrfa a jusdltjrsd tdoparjfodltd sbl jutarbzjgb÷l kdf nudz a trbiuljf. ;.ª Prambibgb÷l kd rdsbkbr dl ul fuejr kdtdrobljka a kd jgukbr jf obsoa, gujlka dl dffas pudkj dlgaltrjr fj agjsb÷l a oatbva pjrj gaodtdr ludvas kdfbtas. 4.ª Gaopjrdgdr pdrsaljfodltd gal fj pdrbakbgbkjk qud sd kdtdrobld jltd df nudz a trbiuljf, kdpdlkdlgbjs pafbgbjfds a sdrvbgba kd fj jkoblbstrjgb÷l qud sd kdtdrobld, pjrj blharojr kd sus jgtbvbkjkds y nustbhbgjrfjs. 8.ª Pjrtbgbpjr dl praerjojs harojtbvas, fjiarjfds, gufturjfds, kd dkugjgb÷l vbjf, sdxujf, kd kdhdlsj kdf odkba joibdltd, kd pratdggb÷l kd fas jlbojfds, kd beujfkjk kd trjta y la kbsgrbobljgb÷l, y atras sbobfjrds. 5.ª Pjrtbgbpjr dl praerjojs kd kdsmjibtujgb÷l jf galsuoa kd jfgamaf, kraejs t÷xbgjs a sustjlgbjs dstupdhjgbdltds, a kd trjtjobdlta kd atras gaopartjobdltas jkbgtbvas. =.ª Prambibgb÷l kd galkugbr vdmïgufas kd oatar qud la kbspalejl kd kbspasbtbvas tdglaf÷ebgas qud galkbgbaldl su dlgdlkbka a hulgbaljobdlta j fj gaopraijgb÷l prdvbj kd fjs galkbgbalds hïsbgjs kdf galkugtar, gujlka df sundta mjyj sbka galkdljka par ul kdfbta galtrj fj sdeurbkjk vbjf y fj odkbkj rdsuftd ldgdsjrbj pjrj prdvdlbr fj pasbifd gaobsb÷l kd ludvas kdfbtas. 2.ª Guopfbr fas kdoês kdidrds qud df nudz a trbiuljf dstbod galvdlbdltds pjrj fj rdmjibfbtjgb÷l sagbjf kdf pdljka, prdvbj galharobkjk kd âstd, sbdoprd qud la jtdltdl galtrj su kbelbkjk gaoa pdrsalj. 9. Gujlka sd trjtd kd kdfbtas gaodtbkas saird fj oundr par qubdl sdj a mjyj sbka su g÷lyued, a par qubdl dstâ a mjyj dstjka fbejka j dffj par ulj rdfjgb÷l sbobfjr kd jhdgtbvbkjk, jul sbl galvbvdlgbj, sd bopalkrêl sbdoprd fjs prambibgbalds y kdidrds blkbgjkas dl fjs rdefjs :.ª, ;.ª y 8.ª kdf jpjrtjka jltdrbar. i. Gaobsb÷l kd kdfbtas kurjltd df pdrïaka kd suspdlsb÷l kd fj pdlj Df jpjrtjka 9 kdf jrtïgufa =; kdf G÷kbea Pdljf, dl su rdkjggb÷l vbedltd, qudkj rdkjgtjka kd fj haroj sbeubdltd> «9. Wb sd muibdrj trjtjka kd ul kdfbta gaodtbka saird fj oundr par qubdl sdj a mjyj sbka su g÷lyued, a par qubdl dstâ a mjyj dstjka fbejka j dffj par ulj rdfjgb÷l sbobfjr kd jhdgtbvbkjk, jul sbl galvbvdlgbj, a saird fas kdsgdlkbdltds, jsgdlkbdltds a mdrojlas par ljturjfdzj, jkapgb÷l a jhblbkjk prapbas a kdf g÷lyued a galvbvbdltd, a saird fas odlards a pdrsaljs gal kbsgjpjgbkjk ldgdsbtjkjs kd dspdgbjf pratdggb÷l qud gal âf galvbvjl a qud sd mjffdl sundtas j fj patdstjk, tutdfj, gurjtdfj, jgaebobdlta a eujrkj kd mdgma kdf g÷lyued a galvbvbdltd, df pjea kd fj ouftj j qud sd rdhbdrd fj odkbkj 9.ª kdf jpjrtjka jltdrbar safjodltd pakrê bopaldrsd gujlka galstd jgrdkbtjka qud dltrd dffas la dxbstdl rdfjgbalds dgal÷obgjs kdrbvjkjs kd ulj rdfjgb÷l galyuejf, kd galvbvdlgbj a hbfbjgb÷l, a kd fj dxbstdlgbj kd ulj kdsgdlkdlgbj gaoþl³. g. Pratdggb÷l galtrj fjs fdsbalds Wd oakbhbgj df jrtïgufa :;= kdf G÷kbea Pdljf, dl su rdkjggb÷l vbedltd, qudkj rdkjgtjka kd fj sbeubdltd haroj> dkbtarbjf } gdp
:05
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
«Fjs fdsbalds prdvbstjs dl df jpjrtjka : kdf jrtïgufa jltdrbar³, ‛Sfdsb÷l qud odlasgjid su bltderbkjk garparjf a su sjfuk hïsbgj a odltjf_‛. «pakrêl sdr gjstbejkjs gal fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd kas j gblga júas, jtdlkbdlka jf rdsuftjka gjusjka a rbdsea prakugbka> :.¾ Wb dl fj jerdsb÷l sd muibdrdl utbfbzjka jrojs, blstruodltas, aindtas, odkbas, oâtakas a harojs galgrdtjodltd pdfberasjs pjrj fj vbkj a sjfuk, hïsbgj a psïqubgj, kdf fdsbaljka. 9.¾ Wb muibdrd odkbjka dlsjújobdlta a jfdvasïj. 7.¾ Wb fj vïgtboj hudrd odlar kd kagd júas a pdrsalj gal kbsgjpjgbkjk ldgdsbtjkj kd dspdgbjf pratdggb÷l. ;.¾ Wb fj vïgtboj hudrd a muibdrd sbka dspasj, a oundr qud dstuvbdrd a muibdrd dstjka fbejkj jf jutar par ulj jlêfaej rdfjgb÷l kd jhdgtbvbkjk, jul sbl galvbvdlgbj. 4.¾ Wb fj vïgtboj hudrj ulj pdrsalj dspdgbjfodltd vufldrjifd qud galvbvj gal df jutar³. k. Pratdggb÷l galtrj fas ojfas trjtas Df jrtïgufa :47 kdf G÷kbea Pdljf, qudkj rdkjgtjka gaoa sbeud> «:.Df qud par gujfqubdr odkba a pragdkbobdlta gjusjrd j atra odlasgjia psïqubga a ulj fdsb÷l kd odlar erjvdkjk kd fjs prdvbstjs dl df jpjrtjka 9 kdf jrtïgufa :;5, a eafpdjrd a ojftrjtjrd kd airj j atra sbl gjusjrfd fdsb÷l, gujlka fj ahdlkbkj sdj a mjyj sbka dspasj, a oundr qud dstâ a mjyj dstjka fbejkj j âf par ulj jlêfaej rdfjgb÷l kd jhdgtbvbkjk jul sbl galvbvdlgbj, a pdrsalj dspdgbjfodltd vufldrjifd qud galvbvj gal df jutar, sdrê gjstbejka gal fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd sdbs odsds j ul júa a kd trjijnas dl idldhbgbas kd fj gaoulbkjk kd trdbltj y ula j agmdltj kïjs y, dl taka gjsa, prbvjgb÷l kdf kdrdgma j fj tdldlgbj y partd kd jrojs kd ul júa y ul kïj j trds júas, jsï gaoa, gujlka df nudz a trbiuljf fa dstbod jkdgujka jf bltdrâs kdf odlar a pdrsalj gal kbsgjpjgbkjk ldgdsbtjkj kd dspdgbjf pratdggb÷l, blmjibfbtjgb÷l pjrj df dndrgbgba kd fj pjtrbj patdstjk, tutdfj, gurjtdfj, eujrkj a jgaebobdlta mjstj gblga júas. 9. Wb fj vïgtboj kdf kdfbta prdvbsta dl df jpjrtjka jltdrbar hudrd jfeulj kd fjs pdrsaljs j qud sd rdhbdrd df jrtïgufa :57.9, dxgdptujkjs fjs pdrsaljs galtdopfjkjs dl df jpjrtjka jltdrbar kd dstd jrtïgufa, df jutar sdrê gjstbejka gal fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd trds odsds j ul júa a kd trjijnas dl idldhbgba kd fj gaoulbkjk kd trdbltj y ula j agmdltj kïjs y, dl taka gjsa, prbvjgb÷l kdf kdrdgma j fj tdldlgbj y partd kd jrojs kd ul júa y ul kïj j trds júas, jsï gaoa, gujlka df Nudz a [rbiuljf fa dstbod jkdgujka jf bltdrâs kdf odlar a pdrsalj gal kbsgjpjgbkjk ldgdsbtjkj kd dspdgbjf pratdggb÷l, blmjibfbtjgb÷l pjrj df dndrgbgba kd fj pjtrbj patdstjk, tutdfj, gurjtdfj, eujrkj a jgaebobdlta kd sdbs odsds j trds júas. 7. Fjs pdljs prdvbstjs dl fas jpjrtjkas : y 9 sd bopalkrêl dl su obtjk supdrbar gujlka df kdfbta sd pdrpdtrd dl prdsdlgbj kd odlards, a utbfbzjlka jrojs, a tdlej fuejr dl df kaobgbfba gaoþl a dl df kaobgbfba kd fj vïgtboj, a sd rdjfbgd qudirjltjlka ulj pdlj kd fjs galtdopfjkjs dl df jrtïgufa ;= kd dstd G÷kbea a ulj odkbkj gjutdfjr a kd sdeurbkjk kd fj obsoj ljturjfdzj. ;. La aistjltd fa prdvbsta dl fas jpjrtjkas jltdrbards, df Nudz a [rbiuljf, rjzalêlkafa dl sdltdlgbj, dl jtdlgb÷l j fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs pdrsaljfds kdf jutar y fjs galgurrdltds dl fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kdf mdgma, pakrê bopaldr fj pdlj blhdrbar dl erjka.³ d. Pratdggb÷l galtrj fjs jodljzjs Wd jújkdl trds jpjrtjkas, luodrjkas gaoa ;, 4 y 8, jf jrtïgufa :5: kdf G÷kbea Pdljf, qud tdlkrêl fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l> «;. Df qud kd oaka fdvd jodljgd j qubdl sdj a mjyj sbka su dspasj, a oundr qud dstâ a mjyj dstjka fbejkj j âf par ulj jlêfaej rdfjgb÷l kd jhdgtbvbkjk jul sbl galvbvdlgbj, sdrê gjstbejka gal fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd sdbs odsds j ul júa a kd trjijnas dl idldhbgba kd fj gaoulbkjk kd trdbltj y ula j agmdltj :0=
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
kïjs y, dl taka gjsa, prbvjgb÷l kdf kdrdgma j fj tdldlgbj y partd kd jrojs kd ul júa y ul kïj j trds júas, jsï gaoa, gujlka df Nudz a [rbiuljf fa dstbod jkdgujka jf bltdrâs kdf odlar a pdrsalj gal kbsgjpjgbkjk ldgdsbtjkj kd dspdgbjf pratdggb÷l, blmjibfbtjgb÷l dspdgbjf pjrj df dndrgbgba kd fj pjtrbj patdstjk, tutdfj, gurjtdfj, eujrkj a jgaebobdlta mjstj gblga júas. Beujf pdlj sd bopalkrê jf qud kd oaka fdvd jodljgd j ulj pdrsalj dspdgbjfodltd vufldrjifd qud galvbvj gal df jutar. 4. Df qud kd oaka fdvd jodljgd gal jrojs u atras blstruodltas pdfberasas j jfeulj kd fjs pdrsaljs j fjs qud sd rdhbdrd df jrtïgufa :57.9, dxgdptujkjs fjs galtdopfjkjs dl df jpjrtjka jltdrbar kd dstd jrtïgufa, sdrê gjstbejka gal fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd trds odsds j ul júa a trjijnas dl idldhbgba kd fj gaoulbkjk kd trdbltj y ula j agmdltj kïjs y, dl taka gjsa, prbvjgb÷l kdf kdrdgma j fj tdldlgbj y partd kd jrojs kd ula j trds júas, jsï gaoa, gujlka df Nudz a [rbiuljf fa dstbod jkdgujka jf bltdrâs kdf odlar a pdrsalj gal kbsgjpjgbkjk ldgdsbtjkj kd dspdgbjf pratdggb÷l, blmjibfbtjgb÷l dspdgbjf pjrj df dndrgbgba kd fj pjtrbj patdstjk, tutdfj, gurjtdfj, eujrkj a jgaebobdlta par tbdopa kd sdbs odsds j trds júas. Wd bopalkrêl fjs pdljs prdvbstjs dl fas jpjrtjkas ; y 4, dl su obtjk supdrbar gujlka df kdfbta sd pdrpdtrd dl prdsdlgbj kd odlards, a tdlej fuejr dl df kaobgbfba gaoþl a dl df kaobgbfba kd fj vïgtboj, a sd rdjfbgd qudirjltjlka ulj pdlj kd fjs galtdopfjkjs dl df jrtïgufa ;= kd dstd G÷kbea a ulj odkbkj gjutdfjr a kd sdeurbkjk kd fj obsoj ljturjfdzj. 8. La aistjltd fa prdvbsta dl fas jpjrtjkas ; y 4, df Nudz a [rbiuljf, rjzalêlkafa dl sdltdlgbj, dl jtdlgb÷l j fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs pdrsaljfds kdf jutar y j fjs galgurrdltds dl fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kdf mdgma, pakrê bopaldr fj pdlj blhdrbar dl erjka. 5. Hudrj kd fas gjsas jltdrbards, df qud kd oaka fdvd jodljgd j atra sdrê gjstbejka gal fj pdlj kd ouftj kd ula j trds odsds. Dstd mdgma s÷fa sdrê pdrsdeubifd odkbjltd kdlulgbj kd fj pdrsalj jerjvbjkj a kd su rdprdsdltjltd fdejf. Gujlka df ahdlkbka hudrd jfeulj kd fjs pdrsaljs j fjs qud sd rdhbdrd df jpjrtjka 9 kdf jrtïgufa :57, fj pdlj sdrê fj kd fagjfbzjgb÷l pdrojldltd kd gblga j trdbltj kïjs, sbdoprd dl kaobgbfba kbhdrdltd y jfdnjka kdf kd fj vïgtboj, a trjijnas dl idldhbgba kd fj gaoulbkjk kd gblga j trdbltj kïjs, a ouftj kd ula j gujtra odsds, âstj þftboj þlbgjodltd dl fas supudstas dl fas qud galgurrjl fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs dxprdsjkjs dl df jpjrtjka 9 kdf jrtïgufa =;. Dl dstas gjsas la sdrê dxbebifd fj kdlulgbj j qud sd rdhbdrd df pêrrjha jltdrbar.³ h. Pratdggb÷l galtrj fjs gajggbalds gajggbalds Df galtdlbka jgtujf kdf jrtïgufa :59 kdf G÷kbea Pdljf qudkj luodrjka gaoa jpjrtjka : y sd jújkd ul jpjrtjka 9 j kbgma jrtïgufa gal fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l> «9. Df qud kd oaka fdvd gajggbald j qubdl sdj a mjyj sbka su dspasj, a oundr qud dstâ a mjyj dstjka fbejkj j âf par ulj jlêfaej rdfjgb÷l kd jhdgtbvbkjk, jul sbl galvbvdlgbj, sdrê gjstbejka gal fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd sdbs odsds j ul júa a kd trjijnas dl idldhbgba kd fj gaoulbkjk kd trdbltj y ula j agmdltj kïjs y, dl taka gjsa, prbvjgb÷l kdf kdrdgma j fj tdldlgbj y partd kd jrojs kd ul júa y ul kïj j trds júas, jsï gaoa, gujlka df Nudz a [rbiuljf fa dstbod jkdgujka jf bltdrâs kdf odlar a pdrsalj gal kbsgjpjgbkjk ldgdsbtjkj kd dspdgbjf pratdggb÷l, blmjibfbtjgb÷l dspdgbjf pjrj df dndrgbgba kd fj pjtrbj patdstjk, tutdfj, gurjtdfj, eujrkj a jgaebobdlta mjstj gblga júas. Beujf pdlj sd bopalkrê jf qud kd oaka fdvd gajggbald j ulj pdrsalj dspdgbjfodltd vufldrjifd qud galvbvj gal df jutar. Wd bopalkrê fj pdlj dl su obtjk supdrbar gujlka df kdfbta sd pdrpdtrd dl prdsdlgbj kd odlards, a tdlej fuejr dl df kaobgbfba gaoþl a dl df kaobgbfba kd fj vïgtboj, a sd rdjfbgd qudirjltjlka ulj pdlj kd fjs galtdopfjkjs dl df jrtïgufa ;= kd dstd G÷kbea a ulj odkbkj gjutdfjr a kd sdeurbkjk kd fj obsoj ljturjfdzj. dkbtarbjf } gdp
:02
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
La aistjltd fa prdvbsta dl fas pêrrjhas jltdrbards, df Nudz a [rbiuljf, rjzalêlkafa dl sdltdlgbj, dl jtdlgb÷l j fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs pdrsaljfds kdf jutar y j fjs galgurrdltds dl fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kdf mdgma, pakrê bopaldr fj pdlj blhdrbar dl erjka.³ e. Zudirjltjobdlta kd galkdlj Df jrtïgufa ;8= kdf G÷kbea Pdljf qud qudkj rdkjgtjka kd fj sbeubdltd haroj> «:. Fas qud qudirjltjrdl su galkdlj, odkbkj kd sdeurbkjk, prbsb÷l, odkbkj gjutdfjr, galkuggb÷l a gustakbj sdrêl gjstbejkas gal fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd sdbs odsds j ul júa sb dstuvbdrjl prbvjkas kd fbidrtjk, y gal fj pdlj kd ouftj kd kagd j vdbltbgujtra odsds dl fas kdoês gjsas. 9. Wd bopalkrê dl taka gjsa fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd sdbs odsds j ul júa j fas qud qudirjltjrdl ulj pdlj kd fjs galtdopfjkjs dl df jrt. ;= kd dstd G÷kbea a ulj odkbkj gjutdfjr a kd sdeurbkjk kd fj obsoj ljturjfdzj bopudstj dl pragdsas grbobljfds dl fas qud df ahdlkbka sdj jfeulj kd fjs pdrsaljs j fjs qud sd rdhbdrd df jrt. :57.9, jsï gaoa j jqudffas qud qudirjltjrdl fj odkbkj kd fbidrtjk vbebfjkj³. m. Jkoblbstrjgb÷l pdlbtdlgbjrbj Fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l pdlbtdlgbjrbj rdjfbzjrê praerjojs dspdgïhbgas pjrj bltdrlas galkdljkas par kdfbtas rdfjgbaljkas gal fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. Fjs Nultjs kd [rjtjobdlta vjfarjrêl, dl fjs praerdsbalds kd erjka, galgdsb÷l kd pdrobsas y galgdsb÷l kd fj fbidrtjk galkbgbaljf, df sdeubobdlta y jpravdgmjobdlta kd kbgmas praerjojs dspdgïhbgas par pjrtd kd fas bltdrlas j qud sd rdhbdrd df jpjrtjka jltdrbar.
H. [utdfj Nukbgbjf Jf beujf qud dl df dpïerjhd jltdrbar, jiarkjrdoas jquï fj fdebsfjgb÷l vbedltd dl rdfjgb÷l j jqudffas prdgdptas oakbhbgjkas arbebljfodltd par fj Fdy Areêlbgj :/900;. j. Kd fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr • Arejlbzjgb÷l tdrrbtarbjf
Df jrtïgufa =5 ibs dl fj Fdy Areêlbgj 8/:2=4, kd : kd nufba, kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, prdsdltj fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l> «:. Dl gjkj pjrtbka mjirê ula a oês Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, gal sdkd dl fj gjpbtjf kd jquâf y nurbskbggb÷l dl taka su êoibta tdrrbtarbjf. [aojrêl su kdsbeljgb÷l kdf oulbgbpba kd su sdkd. 9. Wbl pdrnubgba kd fa prdvbsta dl fj fdebsfjgb÷l vbedltd saird kdojrgjgb÷l y pfjltj nukbgbjf, df Eaibdrla, j prapudstj kdf Galsdna Edldrjf kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf y dl su gjsa, gal blharod kd fj Gaoulbkjk Jut÷laoj gal gaopdtdlgbjs dl ojtdrbj kd Nustbgbj, pakrê dstjifdgdr odkbjltd rdjf kdgrdta qud fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr qud sd kdtdrobldl dxtbdlkjl su nurbskbggb÷l j kas a oês pjrtbkas kdltra kd fj obsoj pravblgbj. 7. Df Galsdna Edldrjf kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf pakrê jgarkjr, prdvba blharod kd fjs Wjfjs kd Eaibdrla, qud, dl jqudffjs gbrgulsgrbpgbalds kalkd sdj galvdlbdltd dl hulgb÷l kd fj gjrej kd trjijna dxbstdltd, df galagbobdlta kd fas jsultas rdhdrbkas dl df jrtïgufa =5 tdr kd fj prdsdltd fdy, garrdspalkj j ula kd fas Nuzejkas kd Prbodrj Blstjlgbj d Blstruggb÷l, a kd Blstruggb÷l Blstruggb÷l dl su gjsa, kdtdroblêlkasd kdtdroblêlkasd dl dstj sbtujgb÷l qud ula safa kd dstas ×rejlas galazgj kd takas dstas jsultas kdltra kdf pjrtbka nukbgbjf, yj sdj kd haroj dxgfusbvj a galagbdlka tjoibâl kd atrjs ojtdrbjs. ;.Dl fas pjrtbkas nukbgbjfds dl qud dxbstj ul safa Nuzejka kd Prbodrj Blstjlgbj d Blstruggb÷l sdrê âstd df qud jsuoj df galagbobdlta kd fas jsultas j qud sd rdhbdrd df jrtïgufa =5 tdr kd dstj Fdy.³ ::0
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas • Gaopdtdlgbj
Df jrtïgufa =5 tdr dl fj Fdy Areêlbgj 8/:2=4, kd : kd nufba, kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, prdsdltj fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l> «:. Fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr galagdrêl, dl df arkdl pdljf, kd galharobkjk dl taka gjsa gal fas pragdkbobdltas y rdgursas prdvbstas dl fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf, kd fas sbeubdltds supudstas> j) Kd fj blstruggb÷l kd fas pragdsas pjrj dxbebr rdspalsjibfbkjk pdljf par fas kdfbtas rdgaebkas dl fas tïtufas kdf G÷kbea Pdljf rdfjtbvas j maobgbkba, jiarta, fdsbalds, fdsbalds jf hdta, kdfbtas galtrj fj fbidrtjk, kdfbtas galtrj fj bltderbkjk oarjf, galtrj fj fbidrtjk d blkdolbkjk sdxujfds, galtrj fj bltbobkjk y df kdrdgma j fj prapbj bojedl, galtrj df malar a gujfqubdr atra kdfbta gaodtbka gal vbafdlgbj a bltbobkjgb÷l, sbdoprd qud sd muibdsdl gaodtbka galtrj qubdl sdj a mjyj sbka su dspasj, a oundr qud dstâ a mjyj dstjka fbejkj jf jutar par jlêfaej rdfjgb÷l kd jhdgtbvbkjk, jul sbl galvbvdlgbj, jsï gaoa kd fas gaodtbkas saird fas kdsgdlkbdltds, prapbas a kd fj dspasj a galvbvbdltd, a saird fas odlards a pdrsaljs gal fj gjpjgbkjk oakbhbgjkj nukbgbjfodltd qud gal âf galvbvjl a qud sd mjffdl sundtas j fj patdstjk, tutdfj, gurjtdfj, jgaebobdlta a eujrkj kd mdgma kd fj dspasj a galvbvbdltd, gujlka tjoibâl sd mjyj prakugbka ul jgta kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. i) Kd fj blstruggb÷l kd fas pragdsas pjrj dxbebr rdspalsjibfbkjk pdljf par gujfqubdr kdfbta galtrj fas kdrdgmas y kdidrds hjobfbjrds, gujlka fj vïgtboj sdj jfeulj kd fjs pdrsaljs sdújfjkjs gaoa tjfds dl fj fdtrj jltdrbar. g) Kd fj jkapgb÷l kd fjs fjs garrdspalkbdltds ÷rkdlds kd pratdggb÷l pratdggb÷l j fjs vïgtbojs, sbl pdrnubgba pdrnubgba kd fjs gaopdtdlgbjs jtrbiubkjs jf Nudz kd Eujrkbj. k) Kdf galagbobdlta y hjffa kd fas kdfbtas fdvds qud fds jtrbiuyj fj fdy gujlka fj vïgtboj vïgtboj sdj jfeulj kd fjs pdrsaljs sdújfjkjs gaoa tjfds dl fj fdtrj j) kd dstd jpjrtjka. d) Kbgtjr sdltdlgbj kd galharobkjk galharobkjk gal fj jgusjgb÷l dl fas gjsas gjsas dstjifdgbkas par fj fdy. h) Kd fj dobsb÷l y fj dndgugb÷l dndgugb÷l kd fas blstruodltas kd kd rdgalagbobdlta outua kd rdsafugbalds pdljfds dl fj Tlb÷l Durapdj qud fds jtrbiuyj fj fdy. e) Kd fj blstruggb÷l kd fas pragdsas pjrj dxbebr rdspalsjibfbkjk pdljf par df kdfbta kd qudirjltjobdlta prdvbsta y pdljka dl df jrtïgufa ;8= kdf G÷kbea Pdljf gujlka fj pdrsalj ahdlkbkj par df kdfbta guyj galkdlj, odkbkj gjutdfjr a odkbkj kd sdeurbkjk sd mjyj qudirjltjka sdj a mjyj sbka su dspasj, a oundr qud dstâ a mjyj dstjka fbejkj jf jutar par ulj jlêfaej rdfjgb÷l kd jhdgtbvbkjk jul sbl galvbvdlgbj, jsï gaoa fas kdsgdlkbdltds, prapbas a kd fj dspasj a galvbvbdltd, a saird fas odlards a pdrsaljs gal fj gjpjgbkjk oakbhbgjkj nukbgbjfodltd qud gal âf galvbvjl a qud sd mjffdl sundtas j fj patdstjk, tutdfj, gurjtdfj, jgaebobdlta a eujrkj kd mdgma kd fj dspasj a galvbvbdltd. 9. Fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr pakrêl galagdr dl df arkdl gbvbf, dl taka gjsa kd galharobkjk gal fas pragdkbobdltas y rdgursas prdvbstas dl fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Gbvbf, kd fas sbeubdltds jsultas> j) Fas kd hbfbjgb÷l, ojtdrlbkjk y pjtdrlbkjk. i) Fas kd lufbkjk kdf ojtrboalba, ojtrboalba, sdpjrjgb÷l y kbvargba. g) Fas qud vdrsdl saird rdfjgbalds pjtdrla hbfbjfds. k) Fas qud tdlejl par aindta fj jkapgb÷l jkapgb÷l a oakbhbgjgb÷l kd odkbkjs odkbkjs kd trjsgdlkdlgbj hjobfbjr. d) Fas qud vdrsdl dxgfusbvjodltd saird eujrkj y gustakbj gustakbj kd mbnas d mbnjs odlards a saird jfbodltas rdgfjojkas par ul praedlbtar galtrj df atra dl laoird kd fas mbnas d mbnjs odlards. h) Fas qud vdrsdl saird fj ldgdsbkjk kd jsdltbobdlta jsdltbobdlta dl fj jkapgb÷l. dkbtarbjf } gdp
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Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
e) Fas qud tdlejl par aindta fj apasbgb÷l apasbgb÷l j fjs rdsafugbalds jkoblbstrjtbvjs dl ojtdrbj kd pratdggb÷l kd odlards. 7. Fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr tdlkrêl kd haroj dxgfusbvj y dxgfuydltd gaopdtdlgbj dl df arkdl gbvbf gujlka galgurrjl sbouftêldjodltd fas sbeubdltds rdqubsbtas> j) Zud sd trjtd kd ul pragdsa gbvbf qud tdlej par aindta jfeulj jfeulj kd fjs ojtdrbjs blkbgjkjs dl df lþodra 9 kdf prdsdltd jrtïgufa. i) Zud jfeulj kd fjs pjrtds kdf pragdsa gbvbf sdj vïgtboj kd fas jgtas kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, dl fas târoblas j qud mjgd rdhdrdlgbj df jpjrtjka : j) kdf prdsdltd jrtïgufa. g) Zud jfeulj kd fjs pjrtds kdf pragdsa pragdsa gbvbf sdj boputjka gaoa gaoa jutar, blkugtar blkugtar a gaapdrjkar ldgdsjrba dl fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kd jgtas kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. k) Zud sd mjyjl blbgbjka jltd df Nudz kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr jgtujgbalds pdljfds par kdfbta a hjftj j galsdgudlgbj kd ul jgta kd vbafdlgbj saird fj oundr, a sd mjyj jkaptjka ulj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l j ulj vïgtboj kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. ;. Gujlka df Nudz jprdgbjrj qud fas jgtas pudstas dl su galagbobdlta galagbobdlta,, kd haroj latarbj, la galstbtuydl dxprdsb÷l kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, pakrê bljkobtbr fj prdtdlsb÷l, rdobtbâlkafj jf ÷rejla nukbgbjf gaopdtdltd. 4. Dl takas dstas gjsas dstê vdkjkj fj odkbjgb÷l.³ • Ydgursas dl ojtdrbj pdljf
Df jrtïgufa =9.: kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj 8/:2=4, kd : kd nufba, kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, prdsdltj fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l> «:. Fjs Jukbdlgbjs Pravblgbjfds galagdrêl dl df arkdl pdljf> S..._ 7¾ Kd fas rdgursas qud dstjifdzgj fj Fdy galtrj fjs rdsafugbalds dl ojtdrbj pdljf kbgtjkjs par fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr kd fj pravblgbj. J hbl kd hjgbfbtjr df galagbobdlta kd dstas rdgursas, y jtdlkbdlka jf lþodra kd jsultas dxbstdltds, kdidrêl dspdgbjfbzjrsd ulj a vjrbjs kd sus sdggbalds kd galharobkjk gal fa prdvbsta dl df jrtïgufa 2= kd fj prdsdltd Fdy Areêlbgj. Dstj dspdgbjfbzjgb÷l sd dxtdlkdrê j jqudffas supudstas dl qud garrdspalkj j fj Jukbdlgbj Pravblgbjf df dlnubgbjobdlta dl prbodrj blstjlgbj kd jsultas blstrubkas par fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr kd fj pravblgbj. S..._³ • Ydgursas dl ojtdrbj gbvbf
Df jrtïgufa =9.9 kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj 8/:2=4, kd : kd nufba, kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, prdsdltj fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l> «9. Fjs Jukbdlgbjs Pravblgbjfds galagdrêl dl df arkdl gbvbf> S..._ ;¾ Fjs Jukbdlgbjs Pravblgbjfds tjoibâl galagdrêl kd fas rdgursas qud dstjifdzgj fj Fdy galtrj fjs rdsafugbalds kbgtjkjs dl ojtdrbj gbvbf par fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr kd fj pravblgbj. J hbl kd hjgbfbtjr df galagbobdlta kd dstas rdgursas, y jtdlkbdlka jf lþodra kd jsultas dxbstdltds, pakrêl dspdgbjfbzjrsd ulj a vjrbjs kd sus sdggbalds kd galharobkjk gal fa prdvbsta dl df jrtïgufa 2= kd fj prdsdltd Fdy Areêlbgj. S..._³ • Harojgb÷l
Df Eaibdrla, df Galsdna Edldrjf kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf y fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs, dl df êoibta kd sus rdspdgtbvjs gaopdtdlgbjs, jsdeurjrêl ulj harojgb÷l dspdgïhbgj rdfjtbvj j fj beujfkjk y la kbsgrboblj::9
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
gb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa y saird vbafdlgbj kd eâldra dl fas gursas kd harojgb÷l kd Nudgds y Ojebstrjkas, Hbsgjfds, Wdgrdtjrbas Nukbgbjfds, Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk y Oâkbgas Hardlsds. Dl taka gjsa, dl fas gursas kd harojgb÷l jltdrbards sd bltrakugbrê df dlhaqud kd fj kbsgjpjgbkjk kd fjs vïgtbojs. • Nurbskbggb÷l kd fas Nuzejkas
Df jpjrtjka : kdf jrtïgufa ; kd fj Fdy 7=/:2==, kd 9= kd kbgbdoird, kd Kdojrgjgb÷l y Pfjltj Nukbgbjf, qudkj rdkjgtjka kd fj sbeubdltd haroj> «:.Fas Nuzejkas kd Prbodrj Blstjlgbj d Blstruggb÷l y fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr tbdldl nurbskbggb÷l dl df êoibta tdrrbtarbjf kd su rdspdgtbva rdspdgtbva pjrtbka. La aistjltd fa jltdrbar, y jtdlkbkjs fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs edaerêhbgjs, kd uibgjgb÷l y paifjgb÷l, pakrêl grdjrsd Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr qud jtbdlkjl j oês kd ul pjrtbka nukbgbjf.³ • Wdkd kd fas Nuzejkas
Wd oakbhbgj df jrtïgufa 2 kd fj Fdy 7=/:2==, kd 9= kd kbgbdoird, kd Kdojrgjgb÷l y Pfjltj Nukbgbjf, qud qudkj rdkjgtjka kd fj sbeubdltd haroj> «Fas Nuzejkas kd Prbodrj Blstjlgbj d Blstruggb÷l y fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr tbdldl su sdkd dl fj gjpbtjf kdf pjrtbka.³ • Pfjltj kd fas fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr
Df jrtïgufa :4 ibs dl fj Fdy 7=/:2==, kd 9= kd kbgbdoird, kd Kdojrgjgb÷l y Pfjltj Nukbgbjf, prdsdltj fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l> «:.Fj pfjltj blbgbjf kd fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr sdrê fj dstjifdgbkj dl df jldxa ]BBB kd dstj Fdy. 9.Fj galgrdgb÷l kd fj pfjltj blbgbjf y fj qud sdj aindta kd kdsjrraffa pastdrbar, sdrê rdjfbzjkj odkbjltd Ydjf Kdgrdta kd galharobkjk gal fa dstjifdgbka dl df jrtïgufa 90 kd fj fdy areêlbgj :/900; y sd jnustjrê j fas sbeubdltds grbtdrbas> j) Pakrêl grdjrsd Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr dl jqudffas pjrtbkas pjrtbkas nukbgbjfds dl fas qud fj gjrej kd trjijna jsï fa jgalsdnd. i) Dl jqudffas pjrtbkas nukbgbjfds dl fas qud, dl jtdlgb÷l jf vafuodl kd jsultas, la sd galsbkdrd ldgdsjrba df kdsjrraffa kd fj pfjltj nukbgbjf, sd pakrêl trjlsharojr jfeulas kd fas Nuzejkas kd Blstruggb÷l y kd Prbodrj Blstjlgbj d Blstruggb÷l dl hulgbaljobdlta dl Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr. g) Jsbobsoa gujlka sd galsbkdrd, dl hulgb÷l kd fj gjrej kd trjijna, trjijna, qud la ds prdgbsj fj grdjgb÷l kd ul ÷rejla nukbgbjf dspdgïhbga, sd kdtdrobljrê, kd dxbstbr vjrbas, quâ Nuzejkas kd Blstruggb÷l a kd Prbodrj Blstjlgbj d Blstruggb÷l, jsuobrêl df galagbobdlta kd fjs ojtdrbjs kd vbafdlgbj saird fj oundr dl fas târoblas kdf jrtïgufa : kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj kd Odkbkjs kd Pratdggb÷l Bltderjf galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra gal gjrêgtdr dxgfusbva nulta gal df rdsta kd fjs garrdspalkbdltds j fj nurbskbggb÷l pdljf a gbvbf, sdeþl fj ljturjfdzj kdf ÷rejla dl gudstb÷l. 7.Wdrêl sdrvbkas par Ojebstrjkas fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr qud tdlejl su sdkd dl fj gjpbtjf kd fj pravblgbj y fas kdoês Nuzejkas qud jsï sd dstjifdgdl dl df jldxa ]BBB kd dstj Fdy.³ b. Pfjzjs sdrvbkjs par Ojebstrjkas Df jpjrtjka 9 kdf jrtïgufa 9: kd fj Fdy 7=/:2==, kd 9= kd kbgbdoird, kd Kdojrgjgb÷l y Pfjltj Nukbgbjf tbdld fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l>
dkbtarbjf } gdp
::7
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
«9.Df Oblbstra kd Nustbgbj pakrê dstjifdgdr qud fas Nuzejkas kd Prbodrj Blstjlgbj y kd Blstruggb÷l a kd Prbodrj Blstjlgbj d Blstruggb÷l y fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, sdjl sdrvbkas par Ojebstrjkas, sbdoprd qud dstâl rjkbgjkas dl ul pjrtbka nukbgbjf supdrbar j :40.000 mjibtjltds kd kdrdgma a dxpdrbodltdl juodltas kd paifjgb÷l kd mdgma qud supdrdl kbgmj gbhrj, y df vafuodl kd gjrejs gaopdtdlgbjfds jsï fa dxbnj.³ • Galstbtugb÷l kd fas Nuzejkas
Wd blgfuyd df jrtïgufa ;8 tdr dl fj Fdy 7=/:2==, kd 9= kd kbgbdoird, kd Kdojrgjgb÷l y Pfjltj Nukbgbjf, gal fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l> «:.Df Eaibdrla, kdltra kdf ojrga kd fj Fdy kd Prdsupudstas Edldrjfds kdf Dstjka, aïka df Galsdna Edldrjf kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf y, dl su gjsa, fj Gaoulbkjk Jut÷laoj jhdgtjkj, pragdkdrê kd haroj dsgjfaljkj y odkbjltd Ydjf Kdgrdta j fj galstbtugb÷l, gaopjtbibfbzjgb÷l y trjlsharojgb÷l kd Nuzejkas kd Blstruggb÷l y kd Prbodrj Blstjlgbj d Blstruggb÷l pjrj fj pfdlj dhdgtbvbkjk kd fj pfjltj kd fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr. 9.Dl tjlta fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs la hbndl fj sdkd kd fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, âstj sd dltdlkdrê sbtujkj dl jqudffjs paifjgbalds qud sd dstjifdzgjl dl df jldxa ]BBB kd fj prdsdltd fdy.³ • Latbhbgjgb÷l kd fjs sdltdlgbjs kbgtjkjs par [rbiuljfds
Df jrtïgufa :80 kd fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf, prdsdltj df galtdlbka sbeubdltd> «Gujlka fj blstruggb÷l kd fj gjusj muibdrj garrdspalkbka j ul Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr fj sdltdlgbj sdrê rdobtbkj jf obsoa par tdstboalba kd haroj blodkbjtj, gal blkbgjgb÷l kd sb fj obsoj ds a la hbrod.³ • Dspdgbjfbkjkds dl df supudsta kd nubgbas rêpbkas
Df jrtïgufa 525 ibs dl fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf prdsdltj df galtdlbka sbeubdltd> «:.Dl df supudsta kd qud fj gaopdtdlgbj garrdspalkj jf Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, fjs kbfbedlgbjs y rdsafugbalds sdújfjkjs dl fas jrtïgufas jltdrbards kdidrêl sdr prjgtbgjkjs y jkaptjkjs kurjltd fjs marjs kd jukbdlgbj. 9.Fj Pafbgïj Nukbgbjf mjirê kd rdjfbzjr fjs gbtjgbalds j qud sd rdhbdrd df jrtïgufa 528, jltd df Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, dl df kïj mêibf oês pr÷xboa, dltrd jquâffas qud sd hbndl rdefjodltjrbjodltd. La aistjltd df kdtdlbka, sb fa muibdrd, mjirê kd sdr pudsta j kbspasbgb÷l kdf Nuzejka kd Blstruggb÷l kd Eujrkbj, j fas safas dhdgtas kd rdeufjrbzjr su sbtujgb÷l pdrsaljf, gujlka la sdj pasbifd fj prdsdltjgb÷l jltd df Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr qud rdsuftd gaopdtdltd. 7.Pjrj fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kd fjs gbtjgbalds jltds rdhdrbkjs, fj Pafbgïj Nukbgbjf hbnjrê df kïj y fj marj kd fj gaopjrdgdlgbj gaarkbljkjodltd gal df Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr. J dstas dhdgtas df Galsdna Edldrjf kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, kd jgudrka gal fa dstjifdgbka dl df jrtïgufa ::0 kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, kbgtjrê fas Ydefjodltas apartulas pjrj jsdeurjr dstj gaarkbljgb÷l.³ • Latbhbgjgb÷l kd fjs sdltdlgbjs kbgtjkjs par Nuzejka kd fa Pdljf
Dl rdfjgb÷l jf Nubgba Arjf, df jrtïgufa 5=2 kd fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf, prdsdltj df galtdlbka sbeubdltd> «4. Gujlka fj blstruggb÷l kd fj gjusj muibdrj garrdspalkbka j ul Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr df Wdgrdtjrba nukbgbjf rdobtbrê jf obsoa fj sdltdlgbj par tdstboalba kd haroj blodkbjtj. Beujfodltd fd rdobtbrê fj kdgfjrjgb÷l kd hbrodzj y fj sdltdlgbj kd sdeulkj blstjlgbj gujlka fj obsoj hudrj rdvagjtarbj, dl taka a dl pjrtd, kd fj sdltdlgbj prdvbjodltd kbgtjkj.³ ::;
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas • Dspdgbjfbkjkds dl df supudsta kd nubgbas rêpbkas dl ojtdrbj kd hjftjs
Df jpjrtjka 4 jf jrtïgufa 289 kd fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf, tbdld df galtdlbka sbeubdltd> «4.Dl df supudsta kd qud fj gaopdtdlgbj pjrj galagdr garrdspalkj jf Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, fj Pafbgïj Nukbgbjf mjirê kd rdjfbzjr fjs gbtjgbalds j qud sd rdhbdrd dstd jrtïgufa jltd kbgma Nuzejka dl df kïj mêibf oês pr÷xboa. Pjrj fj rdjfbzjgb÷l kd fjs gbtjgbalds jltds rdhdrbkjs, fj Pafbgïj Nukbgbjf hbnjrê df kïj y fj marj kd fj gaopjrdgdlgbj gaarkbljkjodltd gal df Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr. J dstas dhdgtas df Galsdna Edldrjf kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, kd jgudrka gal fa dstjifdgbka dl df jrtïgufa ::0 kd fj prdsdltd fdy, kbgtjrê fas Ydefjodltas apartulas pjrj jsdeurjr dstj gaarkbljgb÷l.³ i. Larojs pragdsjfds gbvbfds • Pârkbkj kd fj gaopdtdlgbj aindtbvj gujlka sd prakuzgjl prakuzgjl jgtas kd vbafdlgbj vbafdlgbj saird fj oundr
Df jrtïgufa ;2 ibs dl fj Fdy :/9000, kd 5 kd dldra, kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Gbvbf, guyj rdkjggb÷l ds fj sbeubdltd> «Jrtïgufa ;2 ibs. Pârkbkj kd fj gaopdtdlgbj gujlka sd prakuzgjl jgtas kd vbafdlgbj saird fj oundr :.Gujlka ul Nudz, qud dstâ galagbdlka dl prbodrj blstjlgbj kd ul pragdkbobdlta gbvbf, tuvbdsd latbgbj kd fj gaobsb÷l kd ul jgta kd vbafdlgbj kd fas kdhblbkas dl df jrtïgufa : kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj kd Odkbkjs kd Pratdggb÷l Bltderjf galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj kd Eâldra, qud mjyj kjka fuejr j fj blbgbjgb÷l kd ul pragdsa pdljf a j ulj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l, trjs vdrbhbgjr fj galgurrdlgbj kd fas rdqubsbtas prdvbstas dl df jpjrtjka 7 kdf jrtïgufa =5 tdr kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, kdidrê blmbibrsd, rdobtbdlka rdobtbdlka fas jutas dl df dstjka dl qud sd mjffdl jf Nudz kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr qud rdsuftd gaopdtdltd, sjfva qud sd mjyj blbgbjka fj hjsd kdf nubgba arjf. 9.Gujlka ul Nudz qud dstâ galagbdlka kd ul pragdkbobdlta gbvbf, tuvbdsd latbgbj kd fj pasbifd gaobsb÷l kd ul jgta kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, qud la mjyj kjka fuejr j fj blbgbjgb÷l kd ul pragdsa pdljf, lb j kbgtjr ulj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l, trjs vdrbhbgjr qud galgurrdl fas rdqubsbtas kdf jpjrtjka 7 kdf jrtïgufa =5 tdr kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, kdidrê blodkbjtjodltd gbtjr j fjs pjrtds j ulj gaopjrdgdlgbj gal df Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf qud sd gdfdirjrê dl fjs sbeubdltds 9; marjs j hbl kd qud âstd taod galagbobdlta kd gujltas kjtas sdjl rdfdvjltds saird fas mdgmas jgjdgbkas. [rjs dffj, df Hbsgjf, kd ojldrj blodkbjtj, mjirê kd kdgbkbr sb pragdkd, dl fjs 9; marjs sbeubdltds, j kdlulgbjr fas jgtas kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra a j safbgbtjr arkdl kd pratdggb÷l jltd df Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr qud rdsuftd gaopdtdltd. Dl df supudsta kd qud sd s d bltdrpalej kdlulgbj a sd safbgbtd fj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l, df Hbsgjf mjirê kd dltrdejr gapbj kd fj kdlulgbj a safbgbtuk dl df [rbiuljf, df gujf galtblujrê galagbdlka kdf jsulta mjstj qud sdj, dl su gjsa, rdqudrbka kd blmbibgb÷l par df Nudz kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr gaopdtdltd. 7.Gujlka ul Nudz kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr qud dstâ galagbdlka kd ulj gjusj pdljf par vbafdlgbj kd eâldra tdlej galagbobdlta kd fj dxbstdlgbj kd ul pragdsa gbvbf, y vdrbhbqud fj galgurrdlgbj kd fas rdqubsbtas kdf jpjrtjka 7 kdf jrtïgufa =5 tdr kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf, rdqudrbrê kd blmbibgb÷l jf [rbiuljf Gbvbf, df gujf kdidrê jgarkjr kd blodkbjta su blmbibgb÷l y fj rdobsb÷l kd fas jutas jf ÷rejla rdqubrdltd. J fas dhdgtas kdf pêrrjha jltdrbar, df rdqudrbobdlta kd blmbibgb÷l sd jgaopjújrê kd tdstboalba kd fj blgajgb÷l kd kbfbedlgbjs prdvbjs a kd nubgba kd hjftjs, kdf juta kd jkobsb÷l kd fj qudrdffj, a kd fj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l jkaptjkj. ;.Dl fas gjsas prdvbstas dl fas jpjrtjkas : y 9 kd dstd jrtïgufa, df [rbiuljf Gbvbf rdobtbrê fas jutas jf Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr sbl qud sdj kd jpfbgjgb÷l fa prdvbsta dl df jrtïgufa ;=.7 kd fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Gbvbf, kdibdlka fjs pjrtds kdskd dsd oaodlta gaopjrdgdr jltd kbgma ÷rejla. Dl dstas supudstas la sdrêl kd jpfbgjgb÷l fjs rdstjltds larojs kd dstj sdggb÷l, lb sd jkobtbrê kdgfbljtarbj, kdibdlka fjs pjrtds qud qubdrjl mjgdr vjfdr fj gaopdtdlgbj kdf Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird dkbtarbjf } gdp
::4
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
fj Oundr prdsdltjr tdstboalba kd jfeulj kd fjs rdsafugbalds kbgtjkjs par kbgma Nuzejka j fjs qud sd rdhbdrd df pêrrjha hbljf kdf lþodra jltdrbar. 4.Fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr dndrgdrêl sus gaopdtdlgbjs dl ojtdrbj gbvbf kd haroj dxgfusbvj y dxgfuydltd, y dl taka gjsa kd galharobkjk gal fas pragdkbobdltas pragdkbobdltas y rdgursas prdvbstas dl fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Gbvbf.³ g. Larojs pragdsjfds pdljfds • Gaopdtdlgbjs dl df arkdl pdljf
Df jrtïgufa :; kd fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf, qud qudkj rdkjgtjka kd fj sbeubdltd haroj> «Hudrj kd fas gjsas qud dxprdsj y fbobtjkjodltd jtrbiuydl fj Galstbtugb÷l y fjs fdyds j Nudgds y [rbiuljfds kdtdrobljkas, sdrêl gaopdtdltds> :. Pjrj df galagbobdlta y hjffa kd fas nubgbas par kdfbta fdvd, df Nudz kd Blstruggb÷l, sjfva qud fj gaopdtdlgbj garrdspalkj jf Nudz kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr kd galharobkjk gal df lþodra 4 kd dstd jrtïgufa. 9. Pjrj fj blstruggb÷l kd fjs gjusjs, df Nudz kd Blstruggb÷l kdf pjrtbka dl qud df kdfbta sd muibdrd gaodtbka, a df Nudzz kd Nud kd Xbaf Xbafdlg dlgbj bj sai saird rd fj Ou Oundr ndr,, a df Nud Nudzz Gdlt Gdltrjf rjf kd Bls Blstru truggb ggb÷l ÷l rds rdspdg pdgta ta kd fa fass kdfb kdfbtas tas qu qudd fj fj Fdy Fdy kdt kdtdro drobld bld.. 7. Pjrj df galagbobdlta y hjffa kd fjs gjusjs par kdfbtas j fas qud fj Fdy sdújfd pdlj prbvjtbvj kd fbidrtjk kd kurjgb÷l la supdrbar j gblga júas a pdlj kd ouftj gujfqubdrj qud sdj su gujltïj, a gujfdsqubdrj atrjs kd kbstbltj ljturjfdzj, ibdl sdjl þlbgjs, galnultjs a jftdrljtbvjs, sbdoprd qud fj kurjgb÷l kd âstjs la dxgdkj kd kbdz júas, jsï gaoa par kdfbtas fdvds, sdjl a la blgbkdltjfds, boputjifds j fas jutards kd dstas kdfbtas a j atrjs pdrsaljs, gujlka fj gaobsb÷l kdf kdfbta fdvd a su prudij dstuvbdsdl rdfjgbaljkjs gal jquâffas, df Nudz kd fa Pdljf kd fj gbrgulsgrbpgb÷l kalkd df kdfbta hud gaodtbka, a df Nudz kd fa Pdljf garrdspalkbdltd j fj gbrgulsgrbpgb÷l kdf Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr dl su gjsa, a df Nudz Gdltrjf kd fa Pdljf dl df êoibta qud fd ds prapba, sbl pdrnubgba kd fj gaopdtdlgbj kdf Nudz kd Blstruggb÷l kd Eujrkbj kdf fuejr kd gaobsb÷l kdf kdfbta pjrj kbgtjr sdltdlgbj kd galharobkjk, kdf Nudz kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr gaopdtdltd dl su gjsa, dl fas târoblas dstjifdgbkas dl df jrtïgufa =0:, jsï gaoa kd fas Nuzejkas kd Blstruggb÷l gaopdtdltds pjrj kbgtjr sdltdlgbj dl df pragdsa par jgdptjgb÷l kd kdgrdta. La aistjltd, dl fas supudstas kd gaopdtdlgbj kdf Nudz kd fa Pdljf, sb df kdfbta hudrd kd fas jtrbiubkas jf [rbiuljf kdf Nurjka, df galagbobdlta y hjffa garrdspalkdrê j âstd. ;. Pjrj df galagbobdlta y hjffa kd fjs gjusjs dl fas kdoês gjsas fj Jukbdlgbj Pravblgbjf kd fj gbrgulsgrbpgb÷l kalkd df kdfbta sd mjyj gaodtbka, a fj Jukbdlgbj Pravblgbjf garrdspalkbdltd j fj gbrgulsgrbpgb÷l kdf Nuzejka kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr dl su gjsa, a fj Wjfj kd fa Pdljf kd fj Jukbdlgbj Ljgbaljf. La aistjltd, dl fas supudstas kd gaopdtdlgbj kd fj Jukbdlgbj Pravblgbjf, sb df kdfbta hudrd kd fas jtrb iubkas jf [rbiuljf kd Nurjka, df galagbobdlta galagbobdlta y hjffa garrdspalkdrê j âstd. 4. Fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr sdrêl gaopdtdltds dl fjs sbeubdltds ojtdrbjs, dl taka gjsa kd galharobkjk gal fas pragdkbobdltas y rdgursas prdvbstas dl dstj Fdy> j) Kd fj blstruggb÷l kd fas pragdsas pragdsas pjrj dxbebr rdspalsjibfbkjk pdljf par fas fas kdfbtas rdgaebkas dl fas tïtufas kdf G÷kbea Pdljf rdfjtbvas j maobgbkba, jiarta, fdsbalds, fdsbalds jf hdta, kdfbtas galtrj fj fbidrtjk, kdfbtas galtrj fj bltderbkjk oarjf, galtrj fj fbidrtjk d blkdolbkjk sdxujfds a gujfqubdr atra kdfbta gaodtbka gal vbafdlgbj a bltbobkjgb÷l, sbdoprd qud sd muibdsdl gaodtbka galtrj qubdl sdj a mjyj sbka su dspasj, a oundr qud dstâ a mjyj dstjka fbejkj jf jutar par jlêfaej rdfjgb÷l kd jhdgtbvbkjk, jul sbl galvbvdlgbj, jsï gaoa kd fas gaodtbkas saird fas kdsgdlkbdltds, prapbas a kd fj dspasj a galvbvbdltd, a saird fas odlards a blgjpjgds qud gal âf galvbvjl a qud sd mjffdl sundtas j fj patdstjk, tutdfj, gurjtdfj, jgaebobdlta a eujrkj kd mdgma kd fj dspasj a galvbvbdltd, gujlka tjoibâl sd mjyj prakugbka ul jgta kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. ::8
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
i) Kd fj blstruggb÷l kd fas pragdsas pjrj dxbebr rdspalsjibfbkjk pdljf par gujfqubdr kdfbta galtrj fas kdrdgmas y kdidrds hjobfbjrds, gujlka fj vïgtboj sdj jfeulj kd fjs pdrsaljs sdújfjkjs gaoa tjfds dl fj fdtrj jltdrbar. g) Kd fj jkapgb÷l kd fjs fjs garrdspalkbdltds ÷rkdlds kd pratdggb÷l pratdggb÷l j fjs vïgtbojs, sbl pdrnubgba pdrnubgba kd fjs gaopdtdlgbjs jtrbiubkjs jf Nudz kd Eujrkbj. k) Kdf galagbobdlta y hjffa kd fas nubgbas par fjs blhrjggbalds tbpbhbgjkjs dl df pêrrjha sdeulka kdf jpjrtjka 5 kdf jrtïgufa :5:, pêrrjha sdeulka kdf jpjrtjka 7 kdf jrtïgufa :59 y dl df jpjrtjka ; kdf jrtïgufa :57 kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj :0/:224, kd 97 kd lavbdoird, kdf G÷kbea Pdljf, gujlka fj vïgtboj sdj jfeulj kd fjs pdrsaljs sdújfjkjs gaoa tjfds dl fj fdtrj j) kd dstd jpjrtjka.³ • Gaopdtdlgbj tdrrbtarbjf
Df jrtïgufa :4 ibs dl fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf, guyj rdkjggb÷l ds fj sbeubdltd> «Dl df gjsa kd qud sd trjtd kd jfeulas kd fas kdfbtas a hjftjs guyj blstruggb÷l a galagbobdlta garrdspalkj jf Nudz kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, fj gaopdtdlgbj tdrrbtarbjf vdlkrê kdtdrobljkj par df fuejr kdf kaobgbfba kd fj vïgtboj, sbl pdrnubgba kd fj jkapgb÷l kd fj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l, a kd odkbkjs uredltds kdf jrtïgufa :7 kd fj prdsdltd Fdy qud pukbdrj jkaptjr df Nudz kdf fuejr kd gaobsb÷l kd fas mdgmas.³ • Gaopdtdlgbj par galdxb÷l
Df jrtïgufa :5 ibs dl fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf, guyj rdkjggb÷l ds fj sbeubdltd> «Fj gaopdtdlgbj kd fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr sd dxtdlkdrê j fj blstruggb÷l y galagbobdlta kd fas kdfbtas y hjftjs galdxjs sbdoprd qud fj galdxb÷l tdlej su arbedl dl jfeula kd fas supudstas prdvbstas dl fas lþodras 7.¾ y ;.¾ kdf jrtïgufa :5 kd fj prdsdltd Fdy.³ k. Odkbkjs nukbgbjfds kd pratdggb÷l y kd sdeurbkjk kd fjs vïgtbojs • Kbspasbgbalds edldrjfds
Fjs odkbkjs kd pratdggb÷l y sdeurbkjk prdvbstjs dl df prdsdltd jpjrtjka sdrêl gaopjtbifds gal gujfdsqubdrj kd fjs odkbkjs gjutdfjrds y kd jsdeurjobdlta qud sd pudkdl jkaptjr dl fas pragdsas gbvbfds y pdljfds. Dl takas fas pragdkbobdltas rdfjgbaljkas gal fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, df Nudz gaopdtdltd kdidrê pralulgbjrsd dl taka gjsa, kd ahbgba a j blstjlgbj kd fjs vïgtbojs, kd fas mbnas, kd fjs pdrsaljs qud galvbvjl gal dffjs a sd mjffdl sundtjs j su eujrkj a gustakbj, kdf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf a kd fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l kd fj qud kdpdlkjl fas sdrvbgbas kd jtdlgb÷l j fjs vïgtbojs a su jgaebkj, saird fj pdrtbldlgbj kd fj jkapgb÷l kd fjs odkbkjs gjutdfjrds y kd jsdeurjobdlta galtdopfjkjs dl dstd gjpïtufa, dspdgbjfodltd saird fjs rdgaebkjs dl fas jrtïgufas 8;, 84 y 88, kdtdrobljlka su pfjza y su râebodl kd guopfbobdlta y, sb pragdkbdrj, fjs odkbkjs gaopfdodltjrbjs j dffjs qud hudrjl prdgbsjs. • Kd fj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l
Ydgbibkj fj safbgbtuk kd jkapgb÷l kd ulj arkdl kd pratdggb÷l, df Nudz kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr y, dl su gjsa, df Nudz kd Eujrkbj, jgtujrêl kd galharobkjk gal fa kbspudsta dl df jrtïgufa 4;; tdr kd fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Grbobljf. • Kd fj pratdggb÷l kd kjtas y fjs fbobtjgbalds j fj puifbgbkjk
Dl fjs jgtujgbalds y pragdkbobdltas rdfjgbaljkas gal fj vbafdlgbj kd eâldra sd pratdedrê fj bltbobkjk kd fjs vïgtbojs3 dl dspdgbjf, sus kjtas pdrsaljfds, fas kd sus kdsgdlkbdltds y fas kd gujfqubdr atrj pdrsalj qud dstâ ijna su eujrkj a gustakbj.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
::5
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Fas Nudgds gaopdtdltds pakrêl jgarkjr, kd ahbgba a j blstjlgbj kd pjrtd, qud fjs vbstjs sd kdsjrraffdl j pudrtj gdrrjkj y qud fjs jgtujgbalds sdjl rdsdrvjkjs. • Kd fjs odkbkjs kd sjfbkj kdf kaobgbfba, jfdnjobdlta jfdnjobdlta a suspdlsb÷l kd fjs gaoulbgjgbalds
Df Nudz pakrê arkdljr fj sjfbkj aifbejtarbj kdf blgufpjka par vbafdlgbj kd eâldra kdf kaobgbfba dl df qud muibdrj dstjka galvbvbdlka a tdlej su rdsbkdlgbj fj ulbkjk hjobfbjr, jsï gaoa fj prambibgb÷l kd vafvdr jf obsoa. Df Nudz, gal gjrêgtdr dxgdpgbaljf, pakrê jutarbzjr qud fj pdrsalj pratdebkj galgbdrtd, gal ulj jedlgbj a sagbdkjk pþifbgj jffï kalkd fj muibdrd y qud blgfuyj dltrd sus jgtbvbkjkds fj kdf jrrdlkjobdlta kd vbvbdlkjs, fj pdroutj kdf usa jtrbiubka kd fj vbvbdlkj hjobfbjr kd fj qud sdjl gaprapbdtjrbas, par df usa kd atrj vbvbdlkj, kurjltd df tbdopa y dl fjs galkbgbalds qud sd kdtdrobldl. Df Nudz pakrê prambibr jf blgufpjka qud sd jpraxbod j fj pdrsalj pratdebkj, fa qud fd bopbkd jgdrgjrsd j fj obsoj dl gujfqubdr fuejr kalkd sd dlgudltrd, jsï gaoa jgdrgjrsd j su kaobgbfba, j su fuejr kd trjijna a j gujfqubdr atra qud sdj hrdgudltjka par dffj. Pakrê jgarkjrsd fj utbfbzjgb÷l kd blstruodltas gal fj tdglafaeïj jkdgujkj pjrj vdrbhbgjr kd blodkbjta su blguopfbobdlta. Df Nudz hbnjrê ulj kbstjlgbj oïlboj dltrd df blgufpjka y fj pdrsalj pratdebkj qud la sd pakrê rdijsjr, ijna jpdrgbibobdlta kd blgurrbr dl rdspalsjibfbkjk pdljf. Fj odkbkj kd jfdnjobdlta pakrê jgarkjrsd gal blkdpdlkdlgbj kd qud fj pdrsalj jhdgtjkj, jhd gtjkj, a jquâffjs j qubdlds sd prdtdlkj pratdedr, muibdrjl jijlkaljka prdvbjodltd df fuejr. Df Nudz pakrê prambibr jf blgufpjka takj gfjsd kd gaoulbgjgb÷l gal fj pdrsalj a pdrsaljs qud sd blkbqud, ijna jpdrgbibobdlta kd blgurrbr dl rdspalsjibfbkjk pdljf. Fjs odkbkjs j qud sd rdhbdrdl fas jpjrtjkas jltdrbards pakrêl jgarkjrsd jguoufjkj a sdpjrjkjodltd. • Kd fjs odkbkjs kd suspdlsb÷l kd fj pjtrbj patdstjk patdstjk a fj gustakbj kd odlards
Df Nudz pakrê suspdlkdr pjrj df blgufpjka par vbafdlgbj kd eâldra df dndrgbgba kd fj pjtrbj patdstjk, eujrkj y gustakbj, jgaebobdlta, tutdfj, gurjtdfj a eujrkj kd mdgma, rdspdgta kd fas odlards qud kdpdlkjl kd âf. Wb la jgarkjrj fj suspdlsb÷l, df Nudz kdidrê pralulgbjrsd dl taka gjsa saird fj haroj dl fj qud sd dndrgdrê fj pjtrbj patdstjk y, dl su gjsa, fj eujrkj y gustakbj, df jgaebobdlta, fj tutdfj, fj gurjtdfj a fj eujrkj kd mdgma kd fa odlards. Jsbobsoa, jkaptjrê fjs odkbkjs ldgdsjrbjs pjrj ejrjltbzjr fj sdeurbkjk, bltderbkjk y rdgupdrjgb÷l kd fas odlards y kd fj oundr, y rdjfbzjrê ul sdeubobdlta pdrb÷kbga kd su dvafugb÷l. • Kd fj odkbkj kd suspdlsb÷l kdf râebodl kd vbsbtjs
Df Nudz pakrê arkdljr fj suspdlsb÷l kdf râebodl kd vbsbtjs, dstjlgbj, rdfjgb÷l a gaoulbgjgb÷l kdf blgufpjka par vbafdlgbj kd eâldra rdspdgta kd fas odlards qud kdpdlkjl kd âf. Wb la jgarkjrj fj suspdlsb÷l, df Nudz kdidrê pralulgbjrsd dl taka gjsa saird fj haroj dl qud sd dndrgdrê df râebodl kd dstjlgbj, rdfjgb÷l a gaoulbgjgb÷l kdf blgufpjka par vbafdlgbj kd eâldra rdspdgta kd fas odlards qud kdpdlkjl kdf obsoa. Jsbobsoa, jkaptjrê fjs odkbkjs ldgdsjrbjs pjrj ejrjltbzjr fj sdeurbkjk, bltderbkjk y rdgupdrjgb÷l kd fas odlards y kd fj oundr, y rdjfbzjrê ul sdeubobdlta pdrb÷kbga kd su dvafugb÷l. • Kd fj odkbkj kd suspdlsb÷l kdf kdrdgma j fj tdldlgbj, partd y usa kd jrojs
Df Nudz pakrê jgarkjr, rdspdgta kd fas blgufpjkas dl kdfbtas rdfjgbaljkas gal fj vbafdlgbj j qud sd rdhbdrd fj Fdy, fj suspdlsb÷l kdf kdrdgma j fj tdldlgbj, partd y usa kd jrojs, gal fj aifbejgb÷l kd kdpasbtjrfjs dl fas târoblas dstjifdgbkas par fj larojtbvj vbedltd. ::=
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas • Ejrjltïjs pjrj fj jkapgb÷l kd fjs odkbkjs
Fjs odkbkjs rdstrbgtbvjs kd kdrdgmas galtdlbkjs dl dstd jpjrtjka kdidrêl jkaptjrsd odkbjltd juta oatbvjka dl df qud sd jprdgbd su prapargbaljfbkjk y ldgdsbkjk, y, dl taka gjsa, gal bltdrvdlgb÷l kdf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf y rdspdta kd fas prblgbpbas kd galtrjkbggb÷l, jukbdlgbj y kdhdlsj. • Ojltdlbobdlta kd fjs odkbkjs kd pratdggb÷l y sdeurbkjk
Fjs odkbkjs kd dstd jpjrtjka pakrêl ojltdldrsd trjs fj sdltdlgbj kdhblbtbvj y kurjltd fj trjobtjgb÷l kd fas dvdltujfds rdgursas qud garrdspalkbdsdl. Dl dstd gjsa, kdidrê mjgdrsd galstjr dl fj sdltdlgbj df ojltdlbobdlta kd tjfds odkbkjs. d. Kdf Hbsgjf galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr • Hulgbalds kdf Hbsgjf galtrj fj fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr
Df jrtïgufa 90 kd fj Fdy 40/:2=:, kd 70 kd kbgbdoird, rdeufjkarj kdf Dstjtuta Areêlbga kdf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf, prdsdltj df sbeubdltd tdxta> «Dl fj Hbsgjfïj Edldrjf kdf Dstjka dxbstbrê ul Hbsgjf galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, gal gjtdearïj kd Hbsgjf kd Wjfj, qud dndrgdrê fjs sbeubdltds hulgbalds> j) Prjgtbgjr fjs kbfbedlgbjs j qud sd rdhbdrd df jrtïgufa Gblga kdf Dstjtuta Areêlbga kdf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf, d bltdrvdlbr kbrdgtjodltd dl jqudffas pragdsas pdljfds kd dspdgbjf trjsgdlkdlgbj jprdgbjkj par df Hbsgjf Edldrjf kdf Dstjka, rdhdrdltds j fas kdfbtas par jgtas kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra gaoprdlkbkas dl df jrt. =5 tdr.: kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf. i) Bltdrvdlbr, par kdfdejgb÷l kdfde jgb÷l kdf Hbsgjf Edldrjf Edld rjf kdf Dstjka, dl fas pragdsas gbvbfds gaoprdlkbkas dl df jrt. =5 tdr.9 kd fj Fdy Areêlbgj kdf Pakdr Nukbgbjf. g) Wupdrvbsjr y gaarkbljr fj jgtujgb÷l kd fjs Wdggbalds galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, y rdgjijr blharods kd fjs obsojs, kjlka galagbobdlta jf Hbsgjf Ndhd kd fjs Hbsgjfïjs dl qud sd bltderdl. k) Gaarkbljr fas grbtdrbas kd jgtujgb÷l kd fjs kbvdrsjs Hbsgjfïjs dl ojtdrbjs kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra, pjrj fa gujf pakrê prapaldr jf Hbsgjf Edldrjf kdf Dstjka fj dobsb÷l kd fjs garrdspalkbdltds blstruggbalds. d) Dfjiarjr sdodstrjfodltd, y prdsdltjr jf Hbsgjf Edldrjf kdf Dstjka, pjrj su rdobsb÷l j fj Nultj kd Hbsgjfds kd Wjfj kdf [rbiuljf Wuprdoa, y jf Galsdna Hbsgjf, ul blharod saird fas pragdkbobdltas sdeubkas y jgtujgbalds prjgtbgjkjs par df Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf dl ojtdrbj kd vbafdlgbj kd eâldra. Pjrj su jkdgujkj jgtujgb÷l sd fd jksgrbibrêl fas prahdsbaljfds y dxpdrtas qud sdjl ldgdsjrbas pjrj juxbfbjrfa kd ojldrj pdrojldltd u agjsbaljf. Kas. Dl fj Hbsgjfïj Edldrjf kdf Dstjka dxbstbrê ul Hbsgjf galtrj fas kdfbtas rdfjtbvas j fj arkdljgb÷l kdf tdrrbtarba y fj pratdggb÷l kdf pjtrboalba mbst÷rbga, kdf odkba joibdltd d blgdlkbas hardstjfds, gal gjtdearïj kd Hbsgjf kd Wjfj, qud dndrgdrê fjs sbeubdltds hulgbalds> j) Prjgtbgjr fjs kbfbedlgbjs j qud sd rdhbdrd df jrtïgufa Gblga j bltdrvdlbr, kbrdgtjodltd a j trjvâs kd blstruggbalds bopjrtbkjs j fas kdfdejkas, dl jqudffas pragdsas pdljfds kd dspdgbjf trjsgdlkdlgbj jprdgbjkj par df Hbsgjf Edldrjf kdf Dstjka, rdhdrdltds j kdfbtas rdfjtbvas j fj arkdljgb÷l kdf tdrrbtarba, fj pratdggb÷l kdf pjtrboalba mbst÷rbga, fas rdgursas ljturjfds y df odkba joibdltd, fj pratdggb÷l kd fj hfarj, hjulj y jlbojfds kaoâstbgas, y fas blgdlkbas hardstjfds. i) Dndrgbtjr fj jggb÷l pþifbgj dl gujfqubdr tbpa kd pragdkbobdlta, kbrdgtjodltd a j trjvâs kd blstruggbalds bopjrtbkjs j fas kdfdejkas, gujlka jqudffj vdlej prdvbstj dl fjs kbhdrdltds fdyds y larojs kd gjrêgtdr odkbajoibdltjf, dxbebdlka fjs rdspalsjibfbkjkds qud pragdkjl.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
::2
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
g) Wupdrvbsjr y gaarkbljr fj jgtujgb÷l kd fjs sdggbalds dspdgbjfbzjkjs kd odkba joibdltd y rdgjijr fas blharods apartulas, kbrbebdlka par kdfdejgb÷l kdf Hbsgjf Edldrjf kdf Dstjka fj rdk kd Hbsgjfds kd odkba joibdltd. k) Gaarkbljr fjs Hbsgjfïjs dl ojtdrbj kd odkba joibdltd ulbhbgjlka fas grbtdrbas kd jgtujgb÷l, pjrj fa gujf pakrê prapaldr jf Hbsgjf Edldrjf fj dobsb÷l kd fjs garrdspalkbdltds blstruggbalds y rdulbr, gujlka pragdkj, j fas Hbsgjfds bltderjltds kd fjs sdggbalds dspdgbjfbzjkjs. d) Dfjiarjr jlujfodltd y prdsdltjr jf Hbsgjf Edldrjf kdf Dstjka ul blharod saird fas pragdkbobdltas sdeubkas y jgtujgbalds prjgtbgjkjs par df Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf dl ojtdrbj kd odkba joibdltd, qud sdrê blgarparjka j fj odoarbj jlujf prdsdltjkj par df Hbsgjf Edldrjf kdf Dstjka. Pjrj su jkdgujkj jgtujgb÷l sd fd jksgrbibrê ulj Tlbkjk kdf Wdrvbgba kd Pratdggb÷l kd fj Ljturjfdzj kd fj Eujrkbj Gbvbf, jsï gaoa, dl su gjsa, fas dhdgtbvas ldgdsjrbas kdf rdsta kd fjs Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk qud tdlejl gaopdtdlgbjs odkbajoibdltjfds, kd galharobkjk gal fj Fdy Areêlbgj 9/:2=8, kd :7 kd ojrza, kd Hudrzjs y Gudrpas kd Wdeurbkjk. Beujfodltd, pakrêl jksgrbibrsd fas prahdsbaljfds y dxpdrtas tâglbgas ldgdsjrbas pjrj juxbfbjrfa kd ojldrj pdrojldltd u agjsbaljf. Fj Hbsgjfïj pakrê rdgjijr df juxbfba kd fas jedltds hardstjfds a joibdltjfds kd fjs jkoblbstrjgbalds pþifbgjs garrdspalkbdltds, kdltra kd fjs hulgbalds qud dstas gafdgtbvas tbdldl fdejfodltd dlgaodlkjkjs. [rds. Beujfodltd dxbstbrêl, dl fj Hbsgjfïj Edldrjf kdf Dstjka, Hbsgjfds kd Wjfj Dspdgbjfbstjs rdspalsj ifds kd fj gaarkbljgb÷l y supdrvbsb÷l kd fj jgtbvbkjk kdf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf dl ojtdrbj kd pratdggb÷l y rdharoj kd odlards, y dl jqudffjs atrjs ojtdrbjs dl qud df Eaibdrla, j prapudstj kdf Oblbstra kd Nustbgbj, aïka df Hbsgjf Edldrjf kdf Dstjka, y prdvba blharod, dl taka gjsa, kdf Galsdna Hbsgjf, jprdgbd fj ldgdsbkjk kd grdjgb÷l kd kbgmjs pfjzjs. Fas rdhdrbkas Hbsgjfds kd Wjfj tdlkrêl hjguftjkds y dndrgdrêl hulgbalds jlêfaejs j fjs prdvbstjs dl fas jpjrtjkas jltdrbards kd dstd jrtïgufa, dl df êoibta kd su rdspdgtbvj dspdgbjfbkjk, jsï gaoa fjs qud dl su gjsa pudkj kdfdejrfds df Hbsgjf Edldrjf kdf Dstjka, taka dffa sbl pdrnubgba kd fjs jtrbiugbalds kd fas Hbsgjfds Ndhds kd fas rdspdgtbvas ÷rejlas tdrrbtarbjfds³. • Wdggbalds galtrj fj vbafdlgbj saird fj oundr
Df jrtïgufa := dl fj Fdy 40/:2=:, kd 70 kd kbgbdoird, rdeufjkarj kdf Dstjtuta Areêlbga kdf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf, prdsdltj fj sbeubdltd rdkjggb÷l> «S..._ dl fjs Hbsgjfïjs Pravblgbjfds dxbstbrê ulj Wdggb÷l galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr, qud gaarkbljrê a dl su gjsa jsuobrê kbrdgtjodltd fj bltdrvdlgb÷l kdf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf dl fas pragdkbobdltas pdljfds y gbvbfds guyj gaopdtdlgbj dstâ jtrbiubkj j fas Nuzejkas kd Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr. Dl fj Wdggb÷l galtrj fj Xbafdlgbj saird fj Oundr kdidrê ffdvjrsd ul rdebstra kd fas pragdkbobdltas qud sd sbejl rdfjgbaljkas gal dstas mdgmas qud pdrobtbrê fj galsuftj kd fas Hbsgjfds gujlka galazgjl kd ul pragdkbobdlta kd fas qud tbdldl jtrbiubkj fj gaopdtdlgbj, jf dhdgta dl gjkj gjsa pragdkdltd. Dstjs Wdggbalds pakrêl galstbtubrsd dl fjs Hbsgjfïjs kd fjs Gaoulbkjkds Jut÷laojs gujlka sus gaopdtdlgbjs, df vafuodl kd trjijna a fj odnar arejlbzjgb÷l y prdstjgb÷l kdf sdrvbgba jsï fa jgalsdndl. S..._³.
E. Fj beujfkjk kd sdxa dl df êoibta nurïkbga gbvbf gbvbf Fj beujfkjk jltd fj Fdy drj ulj kd fjs rdbvblkbgjgbalds hulkjodltjfds kd fas rdvafugbaljrbas fbidrjfds, mjstj tjf pulta, qud qudk÷ blsgrbtj dl df fdoj kdf Dstjka surebka kd fj Ydvafugb÷l Hrjlgdsj. Fj dkugjgb÷l pudkd sdr galsbkdrjkj gaoa ul blstruodlta iêsbga pjrj fj galsdgugb÷l kd fj beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds dltrd maoirds y oundrds y ul dfdodlta blkbspdlsjifd kd jutalaoïj kd fjs obsojs pjrj dfdebr galharod j su prapba nubgba y pjrj jggdkdr j fas kdrdgmas qud fds garrdspalkj. Gal jltdrbarbkjk j :254, fj oundr dstjij tatjf y jisafutjodltd kbsgrbobljkj rdspdgta jf vjr÷l dl df êoibta kdf kdrdgma prbvjka.
:90
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
Prudij kd dffa, ds df bopdkbodlta qud takj oundr gjsjkj tdlïj pjrj rdjfbzjr gujfqubdr tbpa kd blbgbjtbvj kd tbpa pjtrboalbjf, yj qud mjstj pjrj fj hbroj kd ul sbopfd galtrjta kd jfqubfdr kd vbvbdlkj, drj prdgbsj fj jutarbzjgb÷l kdf ojrbka. Fj hjobfbj trjkbgbaljf dspjúafj pasdïj fas rjseas gjrjgtdrïstbgas kdf oakdfa hjobfbjr trjkbgbaljf> - Pakdr jribtrjrba jribtrjrba y gjsb jisafuta jisafuta kdf pjkrd saird df rdsta kd kd fj hjobfbj. - Yïebkjs jtrbiugbalds kd rafds dl hulgb÷l kdf sdxa. - Wundgb÷l tatjf kd fas mbnas j fj jutarbkjk pjtdrlj. Fj dvafugb÷l kd fj hjobfbj dspjúafj sd arbdltj j trjvâs kd kas vïjs> - Ojyar fbidrtjk blkbvbkujf kd fj blstbtugb÷l, jgdptêlkasd blgfusa ulj kdsblstbtugbaljfbzjgb÷l pjrgbjf kd gbdrtjs hulgbalds hjobfbjrds gal jpjrbgb÷l kd harojs kd pjrdnjs jftdrljtbvjs y kd pjrdnjs la blstbtugbaljfds. - Dqubpjrjgb÷l kd rafds dltrd maoirds y oundrds. Df pragdsa kd dqubpjrjgb÷l rdjf dltrd maoirds y oundrds tdrobl÷ mjgd jpdljs ulas júas, y jgtujfodltd fj dqubpjrjgb÷l dltrd df maoird y fj oundr ds tatjf. j. Ojtrboalba Df jrt. 79 kd fj Galstbtugb÷l Dspjúafj dstjifdgd df kdrdgma kdf maoird y fj oundr j galtrjdr ojtrboalba gal pfdlj beujfkjk nurïkbgj. Df jrt. ;; kdf G÷kbea Gbvbf dstjifdgd qud> ‖Df maoird y fj oundr tbdldl kdrdgma j galtrjdr ojtrboalba galharod j fjs kbspasbgbalds kd dstd G÷kbea‟. Df ojtrboalba tdlkrê fas obsoas rdqubsbtas y dhdgtas gujlka joias galtrjydltds sdjl kdf obsoa a kd kbhdrdltd sdxa. La mjy ojtrboalba sbl galsdltbobdlta ojtrboalbjf, y âstd mj kd sdr prdstjka vafultjrbjodltd par joias g÷lyueds. • Kdrdgmas y kdidrds kd fas g÷lyueds g÷lyueds
- Fas g÷lyueds sal beujfds dl kdrdgmas y kdidrds. - Fas g÷lyueds kdidl rdspdtjrsd y jyukjrsd outujodltd y jgtujr dl bltdrâs kd fj hjobfbj. - Dstêl aifbejkas j vbvbr nultas, eujrkjrsd hbkdfbkjk hbkdfbkjk y sagasagarrdrsd outujodltd. Kdidrêl, jkdoês, gaopjrtbr fjs rdspalsjibfbkjkds kaoâstbgjs y df gubkjka y jtdlgb÷l kd jsgdlkbdltds y kdsgdlkbdltds y atrjs pdrsaljs kdpdlkbdltds j su gjrea.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Wjiïj qud ...Df jrt. 79 kd fj Galstbtugb÷l Dspjúafj tuva gaoa jltdgdkdltd fj Galstbtugb÷l Ydpu ifbgjlj kd :27: qud dl su jrt. ;7 pragfjojij fj beujfkjk kd kdrdgmas pjrj joias g÷lyueds dl df ojtrboalba...‟
Jtdlgb÷l Jrt. ;4 G.G.> ‖La mjy ojtrboalba sbl galsdltbobdlta ojtrboalbjf. Fj galkbgb÷l, târobla a oaka kdf galsdltbobdlta sd tdlkrê par la pudstj‟.
:9:
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
- Df kaobgbfba galyuejf sdrê hbnjka hbnjka kd gaoþl jgudrka par fjs pjrtds pjrtds y dl gjsa kd kbsgrdpjlgbj rdsafvdrê df Nudz tdlbdlka dl gudltj df bltdrâs kd fj hjobfbj. - Lbleula kd fas g÷lyueds pakrê jtrbiubrsd jtrbiubrsd fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l kdf atra sbl qud fd muibdrd sbka galhdrbkj. Jkobtbkj ulj kdojlkj kd lufbkjk, sdpjrjgb÷l y kbvargba, qudkjl rdvagjkas fas galsdltbobdltas y pakdrds qud gujfqubdrj kd fas g÷lyueds muibdrj atarejka jf atra. • Kdrdgmas y kdidrds kd fas praedlbtards praedlbtards rdspdgta j fas mbnas
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Xdfjr par dffas y tdldrfas dl su gaopjúïj. Jfbodltjrfas, dkugjrfas y pragurjrfds ulj harojgb÷l bltderjf. Ydprdsdltjrfas y jkoblbstrjr sus ibdlds. Ydgjijr df juxbfba kd kd fj jutarbkjk dl df dndrgbgba kd kd su patdstjk.
• Pjtrbj patdstjk patdstjk kd fas mbnas
Fas mbnas la dojlgbpjkas dstêl ijna fj patdstjk kd sus praedlbtards. Fj pjtrbj patdstjk sd dndrgdrê galnultjodltd par joias praedlbtards a par ula safa gal df galsdltbobdlta dxprdsa a têgbta kdf atra. Wdrêl vêfbkas fas jgtas qud rdjfbgd ula kd dffas galharod jf usa sagbjf y j fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs a dl sbtujgbalds kd uredltd ldgdsbkjk. Dl gjsa kd kdsjgudrka, gujfqubdrj kd fas kas pakrê jgukbr jf Nudz, qubdl, kdspuâs kd aïr j joias y jf mbna sb tuvbdrj suhbgbdltd ojkurdz y, dl taka gjsa, sb hudrj ojyar kd kagd júas, jtrbiubrê fj hjguftjk kd kdgbkbr jf pjkrd a j fj ojkrd. Wb fas kdsjgudrkas hudrjl rdbtdrjkas a galgurrbdrj gujfqubdr atrj gjusj qud dltarpdzgj erjvdodltd df dndrgbgba kd fj pjtrbj patdstjk, pakrê jtrbiubrfj tatjf a pjrgbjfodltd j ula kd fas pjkrds a kbstrbiubr dltrd dffas sus hulgbalds. Dstj odkbkj tdlkrê vbedlgbj kurjltd df pfjza qud sd hbnd, qud la pakrê lulgj dxgdkdr kd kas júas. Dl fas supudstas kd fas pêrrjhas jltdrbards, rdspdgta kd tdrgdras kd iudlj hd, sd prdsuobrê qud gjkj ula kd fas praedlbtards jgtþj dl df dndrgbgba arkbljrba kd fj pjtrbj patdstjk gal df galsdltbobdlta kdf atra. Dl kdhdgta a par jusdlgbj, blgjpjgbkjk a bopasbibfbkjk kd ula kd fas pjkrds, fj pjtrbj patdstjk sdrê dndrgbkj dxgfusbvjodltd par df atra. Wb fas pjkrds vbvdl sdpjrjkas, fj pjtrbj patdstjk sd dndrgdrê par jqudf gal qubdl df mbna galvbvj. Wbl doijrea, df Nudz, j safbgbtuk hulkjkj kdf atra praedlbtar, pakrê, dl bltdrâs kdf mbna, jtrbiubr jf safbgbtjltd fj pjtrbj patdstjk pjrj qud fj dndrzj galnultjodltd gal df atra praedlbtar a kbstrbiubr dltrd df pjkrd y fj ojkrd fjs hulgbalds blmdrdltds j su dndrgbgba. Fas mbnas odlards tbdldl kdrdgma j rdfjgbaljrsd gal sus praedlbtards julqud âstas la dndrzjl fj pjtrbj patdstjk, sjfva qud sd kbspalej atrj gasj par rdsafugb÷l nukbgbjf a par fj Dltbkjk Pþifbgj dl fas gjsas dstjifdgbkas dl df jrtïgufa :8:. Dl gjsa kd prbvjgb÷l kd fbidrtjk kd fas praedlbtards, y sbdoprd qud df bltdrâs supdrbar kdf odlar rdgaobdlkd vbsbtjs j jqudffas, fj Jkoblbstrjgb÷l kdidrê hjgbfbtjr df trjsfjka jgaopjújka kdf odlar jf gdltra pdlbtdlgbjrba, yj sdj par ul hjobfbjr kdsbeljka par fj jkoblbstrjgb÷l gaopdtdltd a par ul prahdsbaljf qud vdfjrêl par fj prdpjrjgb÷l kdf odlar j kbgmj vbsbtj. Jsbobsoa fj vbsbtj j ul gdltra pdlbtdlgbjrba sd kdidrê rdjfbzjr hudrj kd marjrba dsgafjr y dl ul dltarla jkdgujka pjrj df odlar. Df jrtïgufa :8: kdf G÷kbea Gbvbf dstjifdgd qud fj Dltbkjk Pþifbgj j fj qud, dl df rdspdgtbva tdrrbtarba, dstâ dlgaodlkjkj fj pratdggb÷l kd odlards rdeufjrê fjs vbsbtjs y gaoulbgjgbalds qud garrdspalkjl j fas praedlbtards, jiudfas, mdrojlas y kdoês pjrbdltds y jffdejkas rdspdgta j fas odlards dl sbtujgb÷l :99
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
kd kdsjopjra, pukbdlka jgarkjr oatbvjkjodltd, dl bltdrâs kdf odlar, fj suspdlsb÷l tdoparjf kd fjs obsojs prdvbj jukbdlgbj kd fas jhdgtjkas y kdf odlar sb tuvbdrd suhbgbdltd ojkurdz y, dl taka gjsa, sb hudrj ojyar kd kagd júas, gal blodkbjtj latbhbgjgb÷l jf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf. J tjf dhdgta, df Kbrdgtar kdf gdltra kd jgaebobdlta rdsbkdlgbjf a fj hjobfbj jgaedkarj u atras jedltds a prahdsbaljfds bopfbgjkas blharojrêl j fj Dltbkjk Pþifbgj kd gujfqubdr blkbgba kd fas dhdgtas lagbvas kd dstjs vbsbtjs saird df odlar. Df odlar, fas jhdgtjkas y df Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf pakrêl apaldrsd j kbgmjs rdsafugbalds jkoblbstrjtbvjs galharod j fj Fdy kd Dlnubgbjobdlta Gbvbf. Fas odlards jkaptjkas par atrj pdrsalj, safa pakrêl rdfjgbaljrsd gal su hjobfbj kd arbedl dl fas târoblas prdvbstas dl df jrtïgufa :5=.;. Jrt. :5= G÷kbea Gbvbf ;. Gujlka df bltdrâs kdf odlar jsï fa jgalsdnd, dl rjz÷l kd su sbtujgb÷l hjobfbjr, dkjk a gujfqubdr atrj gbrgulstjlgb gbrgulstjlgbjj sbelbhbgjtbvj vjfarjkj par fj Dltbkjk Pþifbgj, pakrê jgarkjrsd df ojltdlbobdlta kd jfeulj haroj kd rdfjgb÷l a galtjgta j trjvâs kd vbsbtjs a gaoulbgjgbalds dltrd df odlar, fas obdoiras kd fj hjobfbj kd arbedl qud sd galsbkdrd y fj jkaptbvj, hjvardgbâlkasd dspdgbjfodltd, dspdgbjfodltd, gujlka dffa sdj pasbifd, fj rdfjgb÷l dltrd fas mdrojlas ibaf÷ebgas. Dl dstas gjsas df Nudz, jf galstbtubr fj jkapgb÷l, pakrê jgarkjr df ojltdlbobdlta kd kbgmj rdfjgb÷l, kdtdrobljlka su pdrbakbgbkjk, kurjgb÷l y galkbgbalds, j prapudstj kd fj Dltbkjk Pþifbgj a kdf Oblbstdrba Hbsgjf y gal df galsdltbobdlta kd fj hjobfbj jkaptbvj y kdf jkaptjlka sb tuvbdrj suhbgbdltd ojkurdz y sbdoprd sb hudrd ojyar kd kagd júas. Dl taka gjsa, sdrê aïka df jkaptjlka odlar kd kagd júas kd jgudrka j su dkjk y ojkurdz. Wb hudrd ldgdsjrba, kbgmj rdfjgb÷l sd ffdvjrê j gjia gal fj bltdrodkbjgb÷l kd fj Dltbkjk Pþifbgj a dltbkjkds jgrdkbtjkjs j tjf hbl. Df Nudz pakrê jgarkjr, tjoibâl, su oakbhbgjgb÷l a hbljfbzjgb÷l dl jtdlgb÷l jf bltdrâs supdrbar kdf odlar. Fj Dltbkjk Pþifbgj rdobtbrê jf Nudz blharods pdrb÷kbgas saird df kdsjrraffa kd fjs vbsbtjs y gaoulbgjgbalds, jsï gaoa prapudstjs kd ojltdlbobdlta a oakbhbgjgb÷l kd fjs obsojs kurjltd fas kas prbodras júas, y, trjlsgurrbkas dstas j pdtbgb÷l kdf Nudz. Dstêl fdebtbojkas pjrj safbgbtjr fj suspdlsb÷l a suprdsb÷l kd kbgmjs vbsbtjs a gaoulbgjgbalds fj Dltbkjk Pþifbgj, fj hjobfbj jkaptbvj, fj hjobfbj kd arbedl y df odlar sb tuvbdrd suhbgbdltd ojkurdz y, dl taka gjsa, sb hudrd ojyar kd kagd júas. Dl fj kdgfjrjgb÷l kd bkaldbkjk kdidrê mjgdrsd galstjr sb fjs pdrsaljs qud sd ahrdgdl j fj jkapgb÷l jgdptjrïjl jkaptjr j ul odlar qud hudsd j ojltdldr fj rdfjgb÷l gal fj hjobfbj kd arbedl.
La pakrêl bopdkbrsd sbl nustj gjusj fjs rdfjgbalds pdrsaljfds kdf odlar gal sus mdrojlas, jiudfas y atras pjrbdltds y jffdejkas. Dl gjsa kd apasbgb÷l, df Nudz, j pdtbgb÷l kdf odlar, mdrojlas, jiudfas, pjrbdltds a jffdejkas, rdsafvdrê jtdlkbkjs fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs. Dspdgbjfodltd kdidrê jsdeurjr qud fjs odkbkjs qud sd pudkjl hbnjr pjrj hjvardgdr fjs rdfjgbalds dltrd mdrojlas, y dltrd jiudfas y lbdtas, la hjguftdl fj blhrjggb÷l kd fjs rdsa-
dkbtarbjf } gdp
:97
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
fugbalds nukbgbjfds qud rdstrblnjl a suspdlkjl fjs rdfjgbalds kd fas odlards gal jfeula kd sus praedlbtards. • Ydprdsdltjgb÷l fdejf kd fas fas mbnas mbnas
Fas pjkrds qud astdltdl fj pjtrbj patdstjk tbdldl fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l fdejf kd sus mbnas odlards la dojlgbpjkas. Wd dxgdptþjl> :.¾ Fas jgtas rdfjtbvas j fas kdrdgmas kd fj pdrsaljfbkjk qud df mbna, kd jgudrka gal su ojkurdz, pudkj dndrgbtjr par sï obsoa. La aistjltd, aistjltd, fas rdspalsjifds pjrdltjfds bltdrvdlkrêl dl dstas gjsas dl vbrtuk kd sus kdidrds kd gubkjka y jsbstdlgbj. 9.¾ Jqudffas dl qud dxbstj galhfbgta galhfbgta kd bltdrdsds dltrd fas pjkrds y df mbna. 7.¾ Fas rdfjtbvas j ibdlds qud dstâl dxgfubkas kd fj jkoblbstrjgb÷l kd fas pjkrds. Pjrj gdfdirjr galtrjtas qud aifbeudl jf mbna j rdjfbzjr prdstjgbalds pdrsaljfds sd rdqubdrd df prdvba galsdltbobdlta kd dstd sb tuvbdrd suhbgbdltd nubgba. Wbdoprd qud dl jfeþl jsulta df pjkrd y fj ojkrd tdlejl ul bltdrâs apudsta jf kd sus mbnas la dojlgbpjkas, sd laoirjrê j âstas ul kdhdlsar qud fas rdprdsdltd dl nubgba y hudrj kd âf. Wd pragdkdrê tjoibâl j dstd laoirjobdlta gujlka fas pjkrds tdlejl ul bltdrâs apudsta jf kdf mbna odlar dojlgbpjka guyj gjpjgbkjk kdijl gaopfdtjr. Wb df galhfbgta kd bltdrdsds dxbstbdrj s÷fa gal ula kd fas praedlbtards, garrdspalkd jf atra par Fdy y sbl ldgdsbkjk kd dspdgbjf laoirjobdlta rdprdsdltjr jf odlar a gaopfdtjr su gjpjgbkjk. d. Yâebodl dgal÷obga kdf ojtrboalba Galharod jf G÷kbea Gbvbf, df râebodl dgal÷obga kdf ojtrboalba sdrê df qud fas g÷lyueds dstbpufdl dl gjpbtufjgbalds ojtrboalbjfds (sdrê lufj gujfqubdr dstbpufjgb÷l fbobtjtbvj kd fj beujfkjk kd kdrdgmas qud garrdspalkd j gjkj g÷lyued) y, j hjftj kd gjpbtufjgbalds, sdrê df kd fj sagbdkjk kd ejljlgbjfds. Wd dltbdlkd par ibdlds ejljlgbjfds fas aitdlbkas par df trjijna a fj blkustrbj kd gujfqubdrj kd fas g÷lyueds, sb ibdl jqudffas ibdlds qud mjl sbka jkqubrbkas odkbjltd prdgba dl pjrtd ejljlgbjf y dl pjrtd prbvjtbva, garrdspalkdrêl pra blkbvbsa j fj sagbdkjk kd ejljlgbjfds y jf g÷lyued a g÷lyueds dl prapargb÷l jf vjfar kd fjs jpartjgbalds rdspdgtbvjs. Kd fjs kdukjs galtrjïkjs par joias g÷lyueds a par ula gal df galsdltbobdlta kdf atra, rdspalkdl fas ibdlds ejljlgbjfds. Jmarj ibdl, dl df gjsa kd qud fj kdukj mjyj sbka galtrjïkj par ula s÷fa kd fas g÷lyueds, rdspalkd âstd gal sus ibdlds prbvjtbvas3 sb la fas tbdld a âstas sal blsuhbgbdltds, sd pakrêl doijrejr fas ibdlds ejljlgbjfds, latbhbgêlkasdfa jf atra g÷lyued qud pakrê pdkbr jf Nudz qud df doijrea rdgjbej saird fj pjrtd kdf g÷lyued qud jkqubrb÷ fj kdukj, ffdvêlkasd j gjia fj kbsafugb÷l kd ejljlgbjfds. Fas g÷lyueds kdidl blharojrsd rdgïpragjodltd y pdrb÷kbgjodltd saird fj sbtujgb÷l y rdlkbobdltas kd gujfqubdr jgtbvbkjk dgal÷obgj. Fas ibdlds kd fas g÷lyueds dstêl sundtas jf fdvjltjobdlta kd fjs gjrejs kdf ojtrboalba dl galkbgbalds kd beujfkjk, y sb ula kd dffas blguopfbdrj gal dstd kdidr, sdrê df Nudz df qud kbgtd fjs odkbkjs gjutdfjrds galvdlbdltds j hbl kd jsdeurjr su guopfbobdlta.
:9;
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
Df ojrbka y fj oundr pakrêl trjlsobtbrsd par gujfqubdr tïtufa ibdlds y kdrdgmas y gdfdirjr dltrd sï takj gfjsd kd galtrjtas.
Wjiïj qud
i. Gdfdirjgb÷l kd galtrjtas Dl fj jgtujfbkjk, fas galtrjtas gdfdirjkas dltrd maoirds y oundrds dl df êoibta kd fj dshdrj prbvjkj, sd rdjfbzjrêl dl pfdljs galkbgbalds kd beujfkjk. La aistjltd, dstj sbtujgb÷l ds rdfjtbvjodltd rdgbdltd y, oês galgrdtjodltd, sd blbgbj j pjrtbr kd :254. Gal jltdrbarbkjk j dstj hdgmj, j fjs oundrds sd fds bopalïj fbgdlgbj ojrbtjf pjrj fj gdfdirjgb÷l kd jgtas y galtrjtas. Fj sbtujgb÷l kd fjs oundrds, gal jltdrbarbkjk j :254 drj fj sbeubdltd> - Fjs oundrds gjsjkjs s÷fa pakïjl prdstjr galsdltbobd galsdltbobdlta lta pjrj fj gdfdirjgb÷l kd galtrjtas dl fas gjsas dxprdsjkas par fj Fdy. - Wb fj katd qud qud jpartjij fj oundr jf ojtrboalba drj kd ljturjfdzj bloaibfbjrbj a kdrdgmas rdjfds, df maoird tdlïj fj aifbejgb÷l kd blsgrbibrfa j su laoird, julqud sd mbpatdgjij j hjvar kd fj oundr. - Ldgdsbtjijl jutarbzjgb÷l jutarbzjgb÷l ojrbtjf pjrj dljndljr, erjvjr d mbpatdgjr fas ibdlds kd fj katd bldstbojkj. - Fj oundr la pakïj, pakïj, sbl fbgdlgbj kd su ojrbka, ojrbka, dljndljr, erjvjr lb mbpatdgjr fas ibdlds pjrjhdrljfds (qud sal fas qud fj oundr jpartj jf ojtrboalba sbl blgfubrfas dl fj katd y fas qud jkqubdrd kdspuâs kd galstbtubkj âstj, sbl jerdejrfas j dffj) lb gaopjrdgdr dl nubgba pjrj fbtbejr saird dffas, j odlas qud hudrj nukbgbjfodltd mjibfbtjkj jf dhdgta. - Fj oundr la pakïj pakïj aifbejr fas ibdlds kd fj sagbdkjk kd ejljlgbjfds sbl galsdltbobdlta kdf ojrbka. - Fj oundr oundr la pakïj dljndljr lb erjvjr, kurjltd kurjltd df ojtrboalba, sbl fbgdlgbj nukbgbjf, fas ibdlds bloudifds qud fd muibdrjl garrdspalkbka dl gjsa kd sdpjrjgb÷l, lb jqudffas guyj jkoblbstrjgb÷l sd fd muibdrj trjlshdrbka. - Fj oundr oundr gjsjkj s÷fa pakïj jgdptjr df ojlkjta gal jutarbjutarbzjgb÷l kd su ojrbka. - Fj oundr gjsjkj s÷fa pakïj jgdptjr mdrdlgbjs j idldhbgba kd blvdltjrba.
Df râebodl dgal÷obga ojtrboalbjf kbhbdrd dl fas kbstbltas tdrrbtarbas kd Dspjúj3 jsï, sb dl jquâf dl df qud rbed df Kdrdgma Gaoþl rdgaebka dl df G÷kbea Gbvbf ds df kd fj sagbdkjk kd ejljlgbjfds, dl atras, dl df qud rbedl fas kdlaobljkas Kdrdgmas Harjfds, rbed df kd sdpjrjgb÷l kd ibdlds...‟ Galharod jf jrt. :;4= kdf G.G. ‖Fas g÷lyueds pakrêl vdlkdrsd ibdlds rdgïpragjodltd‟3 sbl doijrea, jltds dffa la drj pasbifd, par oar kd fj prambibgb÷l sjfva dxgdpgbalds, kd gaoprjvdltjs gaoprjvdltjs dltrd fas g÷lyueds....‟
g. Ljgbaljfbkjk Dl ojtdrbj kd ljgbaljfbkjk, jgtujfodltd ulj obsoj hjobfbj pudkd dstjr gaopudstj par pdrsaljs kd kbhdrdltds ljgbaljfbkjkds, yj qud fj gamdrdlgbj kd fj hjobfbj sd ojlbhbdstj oês dl df arkdl jhdgtbva, bltdrla y sustjlgbjf qud dl df dxtdrla y harojf.
dkbtarbjf } gdp
:94
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
Df jrt. ::.9 kd fj Galstbtugb÷l dspjúafj kbspald qud lbleþl dspjúaf kd arbedl pakrê sdr prbvjka kd su ljgbaljfbkjk. Fj pârkbkj kd fj ljgbaljfbkjk dspjúafj, pjrj qubdl galtrjd ojtrboalba gal dxtrjlndra, mj kd sdr sbdoprd vafultjrbj. La aistjltd, dl tbdopas la ouy fdnjlas, fj oundr qud galtrjïj ojtrboalba jkqubrïj fj ljgbaljfbkjk kdf ojrbka y, sb âstd gjoibjij, fj oundr tdlïj qud sdeubr ldgdsjrbjodltd dsj ljgbaljfbkjk, puds kd fa galtrjrba dstjij galsbkdrjkj nukbgbjfodltd sdpjrjkj. La drj blhrdgudltd df gjsa kd oundrds dspjúafjs qud par mjidr galtrjïka ojtrboalba gal dxtrjlndras, jul sbl mjidr jijlkaljka lulgj df sudfa dspjúaf, drjl galsbkdrjkjs kdltra kd âf gaoa dxtrjlndrjs, par df sbopfd mdgma kd qud fj Fdy ljgbaljf kdf ojrbka fds atarejij fj ljgbaljfbkjk kd âstd, gal fj erjvd galsdgudlgbj kd pdrkdr pudstas kd trjijna qud kdsdopdújijl dl df pjïs kalkd ljgbdral y galtblujijl vbvbdlka. k. Hbfbjgb÷l y arkdl kd fas jpdffbkas Jltds kd fj Fdy ;0/:222, kd 4 kd lavbdoird, qud rdeufj df laoird y jpdffbkas kdf Ydebstra Gbvbf, fj rdeufjgb÷l dxbstdltd dl df G÷kbea Gbvbf y dl fj Fdy kdf Ydebstra Gbvbf dl ojtdrbj kd arkdl kd blsgrbpgb÷l kd jpdffbkas dstjifdgïj fj rdefj edldrjf kd qud, kdtdrobljlka fj hbfbjgb÷l fas jpdffbkas, df arkdl kd dstas sdrê df pjtdrla y ojtdrla3 sd rdgalagd tjoibâl fj pasbibfbkjk kd oakbhbgjr dstj sbtujgb÷l par df mbna ulj vdz qud mjyj jfgjlzjka fj ojyarïj kd dkjk. Dstj sbtujgb÷l, qud yj bltdlt÷ sdr gjoibjkj gal agjsb÷l kd fj oakbhbgjgb÷l kdf G÷kbea Gbvbf apdrjkj par fj Fdy ::/:2=:, kd :7 kd ojya, ds fj qud sd prdtdlkd oakbhbgjr j fj fuz kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk rdgalagbka dl ludstrj Galstbtugb÷l y dl jtdlgb÷l j kbstbltjs kdgbsbalds kd êoibta bltdrljgbaljf jkaptjkjs saird dstj ojtdrbj. Ijstd rdgarkjr, dl dstd pulta, qud df jrtïgufa :8 kd fj Galvdlgb÷l kd Ljgbalds Tlbkjkds kd := kd kbgbdoird kd :252 prdvâ qud fas Dstjkas sbeljtjrbas taodl fjs odkbkjs ldgdsjrbjs pjrj mjgdr kdsjpjrdgdr takj kbspasbgb÷l sdxbstj dl df kdrdgma kdf laoird3 qud df Gaobtâ kd Oblbstras kdf Galsdna kd Durapj, kdskd :25=, dstjifdgd dl fj Ydsafugb÷l 5=/75 fj rdgaodlkjgb÷l j fas Dstjkas obdoiras kd qud mbgbdrjl kdsjpjrdgdr takj kbsgrbobljgb÷l dltrd df maoird y fj oundr dl df râebodl nurïkbga kdf laoird y qud df [rbiuljf Durapda kd Kdrdgmas Muojlas mj sjlgbaljka, dl fj sdltdlgbj kd 99 kd hdirdra kd :22; dl df gjsa Iuremjrtz G. Wubssd, fjs kbsgrbobljgbalds sdxbstjs dl fj dfdggb÷l kd fas jpdffbkas. Ds, par tjlta, oês nusta y odlas kbsgrbobljtarba pjrj fj oundr pdrobtbr qud yj blbgbjfodltd pudkjl fas pjkrds kd gaoþl jgudrka kdgbkbr df arkdl kd fas jpdffbkas kd sus mbnas, dl df ibdl ibd l dltdlkbka kd qud su kdgbsb÷l pjrj df prbodr mbna mjirê kd vjfdr tjoibâl pjrj fas mbnas huturas kd beujf vïlgufa. Df jrtïgufa :02 kdf G÷kbea Gbvbf, oakbhbgjka par fj Fdy ;0/:222, kbspald qud fj hbfbjgb÷l kdtdroblj fas jpdffbkas gal jrrdefa j fa kbspudsta dl fj Fdy. Wb fj hbfbjgb÷l dstê kdtdrobljkj par joijs fïldjs, df pjkrd y fj ojkrd kd gaoþl jgudrka pakrêl kdgbkbr df arkdl kd trjlsobsb÷l kd su rdspdgtbva prbodr jpdffbka, jltds kd fj blsgrbpgb÷l rdebstrjf. Wb la sd dndrgbtj dstj apgb÷l, rdebrê fa kbspudsta dl fj Fdy. Df arkdl kd jpdffbkas blsgrbta pjrj df ojyar kd fas mbnas rdebrê dl fjs blsgrbpgbalds kd ljgbobdlta pastdrbards kd sus mdrojlas kdf obsoa vïlgufa. Df mbna, jf jfgjlzjr fj ojyar dkjk, pakrê safbgbtjr qud sd jftdrd df arkdl kd fas jpdffbkas.
M. Galsdgudlgbjs pdljfds pdljfds kd fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa Df G÷kbea Pdljf mj kd tutdfjr fas vjfards y prblgbpbas iêsbgas kd fj galvbvdlgbj sagbjf3 gujlka dsas vjfards y prblgbpbas gjoibjl, fjs ldgdsbkjkds kd su rdharoj mjl kd jkdgujrsd jf oaodlta, pragurjlka
:98
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
jvjlzjr dl df gjobla kd fj beujfkjk rdjf y dhdgtbvj dltrd maoirds y oundrds y trjtjlka kd guopfbr fj tjrdj qud dl dstd sdltbka bopald fj Galstbtugb÷l j fas pakdrds pþifbgas. Wb ibdl ds gbdrta qud df G÷kbea Pdljf la ds df blstruodlta oês bopartjltd pjrj ffdvjr j gjia dsj tjrdj, sï pudkd galtrbiubr j dffa dfbobljlka rdeufjgbalds qud sal ul aistêgufa pjrj su rdjfbzjgb÷l a bltrakugbdlka odkbkjs kd tutdfj hrdltd j sbtujgbalds kbsgrbobljtarbjs. Jkdoês kd fjs larojs qud atarejl ulj pratdggb÷l dspdgïhbgj hrdltd j fjs jgtbvbkjkds tdlkdltds j fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l, fa qud sd trjtj ds kd jkdgujr fas tbpas pdljfds jf ibdl nurïkbga pratdebka, qud la ds yj par dndopfa, gaoa hudrj mbst÷rbgjodltd, fj maldstbkjk kd fj oundr, sbla fj fbidrtjk sdxujf kd takjs fjs pdrsaljs. Ijna fj tutdfj kd fj maldstbkjk kd fj oundr sd dsgalkïj ulj bltafdrjifd sbtujgb÷l kd jerjvba, qud sdrê dfbobljkj tatjfodltd gal fj ludvj sbtujgb÷l jgtujf. Ds ulj gbrgulstjlgbj qud jerjvj fj rdspalsjibfbkjk grbobljf kd ulj pdrsalj, dltrd atrjs, df gaodtdr ul kdfbta par oatbvas rjgbstjs, jltbsdobtjs u atrj gfjsd kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l rdhdrdltd j fj bkdafaeïj, rdfbeb÷l a grddlgbjs kd fj vïgtboj, fj dtlbj, rjzj a ljgb÷l j fj qud pdrtdldzgj, su sdxa u arbdltjgb÷l sdxujf, a fj dlhdrodkjk a oblusvjfïj qud pjkdzgj. j. Galsdgudlgbjs pdljfds kd fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l dl df êoibta fjiarjf Fas qud prakuzgjl ulj erjvd kbsgrbobljgb÷l dl df dopfda, pþifbga a prbvjka, galtrj jfeulj pdrsalj par rjz÷l kd su bkdafaeïj, rdfbeb÷l a grddlgbjs, su pdrtdldlgbj j ulj dtlbj, rjzj a ljgb÷l, su sdxa, arbdltjgb÷l sdxujf, sbtujgb÷l hjobfbjr, dlhdrodkjk a kbsgjpjgbkjk, par astdltjr fj rdprdsdltjgb÷l fdejf a sblkbgjf kd fas trjijnjkards, par df pjrdltdsga gal atras trjijnjkards kd fj doprdsj a par df usa kd jfeulj kd fjs fdleujs ahbgbjfds kdltra kdf Dstjka dspjúaf, y la rdstjifdzgjl fj sbtujgb÷l kd beujfkjk jltd fj fdy trjs rdqudrbobdlta a sjlgb÷l jkoblbstrjtbvj, rdpjrjlka fas kjúas dgal÷obgas qud sd mjyjl kdrbvjka, sdrêl gjstbejkas gal fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd sdbs odsds j kas júas a ouftj kd :9 j 9; odsds. i. Galsdgudlgbjs pdljfds kd fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l dl df êoibta kd fas kdrdgmas hulkjodltjfds y fbidrtjkds pþifbgjs j) Wdrêl gjstbejkas gal ulj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd kd ula j gujtra júas y ouftj kd sdbs j kagd kagd odsds> - Zubdlds pþifbgjodltd haodltdl, praoudvjl a blgbtdl kbrdgtj a blkbrdgtjodltd jf akba, mastbmastbfbkjk, kbsgrbobljgb÷l a vbafdlgbj galtrj ul erupa, ulj pjrtd kdf obsoa a galtrj ulj pdrsalj kdtdrobljkj par rjz÷l kd su pdrtdldlgbj j jquâf, par oatbvas rjgbstjs, jltbsdobtjs u atras rdhdrdltds j fj bkdafaeïj, rdfbeb÷l a grddlgbjs, sbtujgb÷l hjobfbjr, fj pdrtdldlgbj kd sus obdoiras j ulj dtlbj, rjzj a ljgb÷l, su arbedl ljgbaljf, su sdxa, arbdltjgb÷l a bkdltbkjk sdxujf, par rjzalds kd eâldra, dlhdrodkjk a kbsgjpjgbkjk. - Zubdlds prakuzgjl, prakuzgjl, dfjiardl, dfjiardl, pasdjl gal fj hbljfbkjk kd kd kbstrbiubr, hjgbfbtdl j tdrgdrjs pdrsaljs df jggdsa, kbstrbiuyjl, kbhulkjl a vdlkjl dsgrbtas a gujfqubdr atrj gfjsd kd ojtdrbjf a sapartds qud par su galtdlbka sdjl bk÷ldas pjrj haodltjr, praoavdr, a blgbtjr kbrdgtj a blkbrdgtjodltd jf akba, mastbfbkjk, kbsgrbobljgb÷l a vbafdlgbj galtrj ul erupa, ulj pjrtd kdf obsoa, a galtrj ulj pdrsalj kdtdrobljkj par rjz÷l kd su pdrtdldlgbj j jquâf, par oatbvas rjgbstjs, jltbsdobtjs u atras rdhdrdltds j fj bkdafaeïj, rdfbeb÷l a grddlgbjs, sbtujgb÷l hjobfbjr, fj pdrtdldlgbj kd sus obdoiras j ulj dtlbj, rjzj a ljgb÷l, su arbedl ljgbaljf, su sdxa, arbdltjgb÷l a bkdltbkjk sdxujf, par rjzalds kd eâldra, dlhdrodkjk d lhdrodkjk a kbsgjpjgbkjk. - Pþifbgjodltd lbdeudl, trbvbjfbgdl trbvbjfbgdl erjvdodltd a dljftdzgjl fas kdfbtas kdfbtas kd edlagbkba, edlagbkba, kd kd fdsj muojlbkjk a galtrj fjs pdrsaljs y ibdlds pratdebkas dl gjsa kd galhfbgta jrojka, a dljftdzgjl j sus jutards, gujlka sd muibdrjl gaodtbka galtrj ul erupa a ulj pjrtd kdf obsoa, a galtrj ulj pdrsalj kdtdrobljkj par rjz÷l kd su pdrtdldlgbj jf obsoa, par oatbvas rjgbstjs, jltbsddkbtarbjf } gdp
:95
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
obtjs u atras rdhdrdltds j fj bkdafaeïj, rdfbeb÷l a grddlgbjs, fj sbtujgb÷l hjobfbjr a fj pdrtdldlgbj kd sus obdoiras j ulj dtlbj, rjzj a ljgb÷l, su arbedl ljgbaljf, su sdxa, arbdltjgb÷l a bkdltbkjk sdxujf, par rjzalds kd eâldra, dlhdrodkjk dlh drodkjk a kbsgjpjgbkjk, gujlka kd dstd oaka sd praoudvj a hjvardzgj ul gfboj kd vbafdlgbj, mastbfbkjk, akba a kbsgrbobljgb÷l galtrj fas obsoas. i) Wdrêl gjstbejkas gal fj pdlj kd prbsb÷l kd sdbs odsds j kas júas júas y ouftj kd sdbs j kagd odsds> - Zubdlds fdsbaldl fj kbelbkjk kd fjs pdrsaljs odkbjltd odkbjltd jggbalds qud dltrjúdl muobffjgb÷l, odlasprdgba a kdsgrâkbta kd jfeula kd fas erupas j qud sd rdhbdrd df jpjrtjka jltdrbar, a kd ulj pjrtd kd fas obsoas, a kd gujfqubdr pdrsalj kdtdrobljkj par rjz÷l kd su pdrtdldlgbj j dffas par oatbvas rjgbstjs, jltbsdobtjs u atras rdhdrdltds j fj bkdafaeïj, rdfbeb÷l a grddlgbjs, sbtujgb÷l hjobfbjr, fj pdrtdldlgbj kd sus obdoiras j ulj dtlbj, rjzj a ljgb÷l, su arbedl ljgbaljf, su sdxa, arbdltjgb÷l a bkdltbkjk sdxujf, par rjzalds kd eâldra, dlhdrodkjk a kbsgjpjgbkjk, a prakuzgjl, dfjiardl, pasdjl gal fj hbljfbkjk kd kbstrbiubr, hjgbfbtdl j tdrgdrjs pdrsaljs df jggdsa, kbstrbiuyjl, kbhulkjl a vdlkjl dsgrbtas a gujfqubdr atrj gfjsd kd ojtdrbjf a sapartds qud par su galtdlbka sdjl bk÷ldas pjrj fdsbaljr fj kbelbkjk kd fjs pdrsaljs par rdprdsdltjr ulj erjvd muobffjgb÷l, odlasprdgba a kdsgrâkbta kd jfeula kd fas erupas odlgbaljkas, kd ulj pjrtd kd dffas, a kd gujfqubdr pdrsalj kdtdrobljkj par rjz÷l kd su pdrtdldlgbj j fas obsoas. - Zubdlds dljftdzgjl dljftdzgjl a nustbhbqudl nustbhbqudl par gujfqubdr odkba kd dxprdsb÷l dxprdsb÷l pþifbgj pþifbgj a kd kbhusb÷l fas kdfbtas qud muibdrjl sbka gaodtbkas galtrj ul erupa, ulj pjrtd kdf obsoa, a galtrj ulj pdrsalj kdtdrobljkj par rjz÷l kd su pdrtdldlgbj j jquâf par oatbvas rjgbstjs, jltbsdobtjs u atras rdhdrdltds j fj bkdafaeïj, rdfbeb÷l a grddlgbjs, sbtujgb÷l hjobfbjr, fj pdrtdldlgbj kd sus obdoiras j ulj dtlbj, rjzj a ljgb÷l, su arbedl ljgbaljf, su sdxa, arbdltjgb÷l a bkdltbkjk sdxujf, par rjzalds kd eâldra, dlhdrodkjk a kbsgjpjgbkjk, a j qubdlds mjyjl pjrtbgbpjka dl su dndgugb÷l. Fas mdgmas mdgmas sdrêl gjstbejkas gal ulj pdlj kd ula j gujtra júas kd prbsb÷l y ouftj kd sdbs j kagd odsds gujlka kd dsd oaka sd praoudvj a hjvardzgj ul gfboj kd vbafdlgbj, mastbfbkjk, akba a kbsgrbobljgb÷l galtrj fas odlgbaljkas erupas. Fjs pdljs prdvbstjs dl fas jpjrtjkas jltdrbards sd bopalkrêl dl su obtjk supdrbar gujlka fas mdgmas sd muibdrjl ffdvjka j gjia j trjvâs kd ul odkba kd gaoulbgjgb÷l sagbjf, par odkba kd bltdrldt a odkbjltd df usa kd tdglafaeïjs kd fj blharojgb÷l, kd oaka qud, jqudf sd mbgbdrj jggdsbifd j ul dfdvjka lþodra kd pdrsaljs. Gujlka fas mdgmas, j fj vbstj kd sus gbrgulstjlgbjs, rdsuftdl bk÷ldas pjrj jftdrjr fj pjz pþifbgj a grdjr ul erjvd sdltbobdlta kd blsdeurbkjk a tdoar dltrd fas bltderjltds kdf erupa, sd bopalkrê fj pdlj dl su obtjk supdrbar, qud pakrê dfdvjrsd mjstj fj supdrbar dl erjka. Dl takas fas gjsas, sd bopalkrê jkdoês fj pdlj kd blmjibfbtjgb÷l dspdgbjf pjrj prahdsb÷l u ahbgba dkugjtbvas, dl df êoibta kagdltd, kdpartbva y kd tbdopa fbird, par ul tbdopa supdrbar dltrd trds y kbdz júas jf kd fj kurjgb÷l kd fj pdlj kd prbvjgb÷l kd fbidrtjk bopudstj dl su gjsa dl fj sdltdlgbj, jtdlkbdlka prapargbaljfodltd j fj erjvdkjk kdf kdfbta, df lþodra kd fas gaodtbkas y j fjs gbrgulstjlgbjs qud galgurrjl dl df kdfblgudltd. Df nudz a trbiuljf jgarkjrê fj kdstruggb÷l, iarrjka a blutbfbzjgb÷l kd fas fbiras, jrgmbvas, kaguodltas, jrtïgufas y gujfqubdr gfjsd kd sapartd aindta kdf kdfbta j qud sd rdhbdrdl fas jpjrtjkas jltdrbards a par odkba kd fas gujfds sd muibdrj gaodtbka. Gujlka df kdfbta sd muibdrj gaodtbka j trjvâs kd tdglafaeïjs kd fj blharojgb÷l y fj gaoulbgjgb÷l, sd jgarkjrê fj rdtbrjkj kd fas galtdlbkas. Dl fas gjsas dl fas qud, j trjvâs kd ul partjf kd jggdsa j bltdrldt a sdrvbgba kd fj sagbdkjk kd fj blharojgb÷l, sd kbhulkjl dxgfusbvj a prdpalkdrjltdodltd fas galtdlbkas j qud sd rdhbdrd df jpjrtjka jltdrbar, sd arkdljrê df ifaquda kdf jggdsa a fj bltdrrupgb÷l kd fj prdstjgb÷l kdf obsoa.
:9=
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Fas Kdrdgmas Muojlas
Gujlka ulj pdrsalj nurïkbgj sdj rdspalsjifd kd fas kdfbtas gaoprdlkbkas jltdrbarodltd, sd fd bopalkrê fj pdlj kd ouftj kd kas j gblga júas. Fas nudgds y trbiuljfds pakrêl bopaldr fjs pdljs sbeubdltds> - Kbsafugb÷l kd fj pdrsalj nurïkbgj. Fj kbsafugb÷l prakugbrê fj pârkbkj kdhblbtbvj kd su pdrsaljfbkjk nurïkbgj, jsï gaoa fj kd su gjpjgbkjk kd jgtujr kd gujfqubdr oaka dl df trêhbga nurïkbga, a ffdvjr j gjia gujfqubdr gujfqubdr gfjsd kd jgtbvbkjk, julqud sdj fïgbtj. - Wuspdlsb÷l kd sus jgtbvbkjkds jgtbvbkjkds par ul pfjza qud la pakrê dxgdkdr kd gblga júas. - Gfjusurj kd sus fagjfds y dstjifdgbobdltas par ul pfjza qud la pakrê dxgdkdr kd gblga júas. - Prambibgb÷l kd rdjfbzjr dl df hutura fjs jgtbvbkjkds jgtbvbkjkds dl guya guya dndrgbgba sd mjyj gaodtbka, hjvardgbka a dlguibdrta df kdfbta. Dstj prambibgb÷l pakrê sdr tdoparjf a kdhblbtbvj. Wb hudrd tdoparjf, df pfjza la pakrê dxgdkdr kd qublgd júas. - Blmjibfbtjgb÷l pjrj aitdldr suivdlgbalds y jyukjs pþifbgjs, pjrj galtrjtjr gal df sdgtar pþifbga y pjrj eazjr kd idldhbgbas d blgdltbvas hbsgjfds a kd fj Wdeurbkjk Wagbjf, par ul pfjza qud la pakrê dxgdkdr kd qublgd júas. Bltdrvdlgb÷l nukbgbjf pjrj sjfvjeujrkjr fas kdrdgmas kd fas trjijnjkards a kd fas jgrddkards par df tbdopa qud sd dstbod ldgdsjrba, qud la pakrê dxgdkdr kd gblga júas.
B. Fj beujfkjk kd sdxa dl df êoibta nurïkbga fjiarjf Fj Fdy Areêlbgj 7/9005, kd 99 kd ojrza, pjrj fj beujfkjk dhdgtbvj kd oundrds y maoirds kdkbgj j dstj ojtdrbj sus [ïtufas BX y X (yj trjtjkas jf dxjobljr kbgmj laroj dl dstd tdoj). j. Jltdgdkdltds mbst÷rbgas Dl df trjlsgursa kd fas þftboas júas, sd mj mjifjka y dsgrbta ougma saird fj kbsgrbobljgb÷l kd fj oundr, dlhagjkj âstj kdskd kbvdrsjs pdrspdgtbvjs, dltrd dffjs fj fjiarjf. Mjgbdlka ul rdpjsa saodra kd ludstrj mbstarbj, sal vjrbas fas hjgtards qud mjl blgbkbka dl dstj kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa, dltrd fas gujfds kdstjgjrdoas> • Hjgtards sagba-hjobfbjrds
[rjkbgbaljfodltd bopdrjij dl ludstrj sagbdkjk ulj jgtbtuk pjtrbjrgjf, dl df sdltbka kd qud fj oundr qudkjij rdfdejkj j ul trjijna hulkjodltjfodltd kaoâstbga kdltra kdf maejr, y drj df maoird df qud kdsdopdújij df raf kd ndhd kd hjobfbj, y par
dkbtarbjf } gdp
Jtdlgb÷l Jrt. 74 G.D.> ‖:. [akas fas dspjúafds tbdldl df kdidr kd trjijnjr y df kdrdgma jf trjijna, j fj fbird dfdggb÷l kd prahdsb÷l u ahbgba, j fj praoagb÷l j trjvâs kdf trjijna y j ulj rdouldrjgb÷l suhbgbdltd pjrj sjtbshjgdr sus ldgdsbkjkds y fjs kd su hjobfbj, sbl qud dl lbleþl gjsa pudkj mjgdrsd kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. 9. Fj fdy rdeufjrê ul dstjtuta kd fas trjijnjkards‟.
:92
Kdrdgma Galstbtugbaljf. [doj 9
tjlta, df dlgjrejka kd rdjfbzjr df trjijna rdouldrjka hudrj kdf maejr, par fa qud sagbjfodltd drj odnar galsbkdrjka y vjfarjka. • Hjgtards gufturjfds
J fa fjrea kd ludstrj mbstarbj, df lbvdf gufturjf kd fj oundr mj sbka blhdrbar jf kd fas maoirds, y ds dl gbdrtj haroj dstd odlar ijejnd gufturjf kd fj paifjgb÷l hdodlblj, fa qud mj blgbkbka hulkjodltjfodltd dl fj ijnj pjrtbgbpjgb÷l kd fjs oundrds dl df oulka fjiarjf. Df kdtaljltd kd qud fjs oundrds raopjl gal fas pjpdfds trjkbgbaljfodltd jsbeljkas gjrj jf oulka fjiarjf sd prakugbrïj dl fj kâgjkj kd fas 50, kdibka j fj hudrtd dxpjlsb÷l kdf grdgbobdlta dgal÷obga, fa qud pdrobtb÷ j fj oundr jggdkdr j pudstas kd trjijna oês gujfbhbgjkas y odnar rdouldrjkas. Galsdgudlgbj kd taka fa jltdrbar, ds df blgrdodlta kd fj tjsj kd agupjgb÷l hdodlblj dl df oulka fjiarjf. i. Kdrdgmas iêsbgas kd fas trjijnjkards Fj Galstbtugb÷l Dspjúafj pragfjoj qud takas fas dspjúafds tbdldl df kdidr kd trjijnjr y df kdrdgma jf trjijna, j fj fbird dfdggb÷l kd prahdsb÷l u ahbgba, j fj praoagb÷l j trjvâs kdf trjijna y j ulj rdouldrjgb÷l suhbgbdltd pjrj sjtbshjgdr sus ldgdsbkjkds y fjs kd su hjobfbj, sbl qud dl lbleþl gjsa pudkj mjgdrsd kbsgrbobljgb÷l par rjz÷l kd sdxa. Fj dqubpjrjgb÷l dltrd maoirds y oundrds kdltra kdf oulka fjiarjf, sd dlgudltrj hbdfodltd rdgaebkj dl df tdxta rdhulkbka kd fj Fdy kdf Dstjtuta kd fas [rjijnjkards (Ydjf Kdgrdta Fdebsfjtbva 9/90:4, kd 97 kd agtuird) dl df qud sd dstjifdgdl fas kdrdgmas fjiarjfds iêsbgas kd fas trjijnjkards (tjlta kd maoirds gaoa kd oundrds qud rdjfbzjl jfeulj jgtbvbkjk fjiarjf) y dl df êoibta hulgbaljrbjf dl df Ydjf Kdgrdta Fdebsfjtbva 4/90:4, kd 70 kd agtuird, par df qud sd jprudij df tdxta rdhulkbka kd fj Fdy kdf Dstjtuta Iêsbga kdf Dopfdjka Pþifbga, qud tbdld dltrd fas hulkjodltas kd su jgtujgb÷l fj Beujfkjk kd trjta dltrd oundrds y maoirds. Jkdoês dstj laroj rdgalagd> - Df rdspdta j fas prblgbpbas kd beujfkjk, beujfkjk, oârbta, gjpjgbkjk y puifbgbkjk. puifbgbkjk. - Fj aifbejgb÷l aifbejgb÷l kd fas fas ÷rejlas kd sdfdggb÷l kd vdfjr par par df guopfbobdlta kdf kdf prblgbpba kd beujfkjk kd apartulbkjkds dltrd sdxas. - Df rdspdta j fj beujfkjk dltrd oundrds y maoirds, gaoa prblgbpba qud blspbrj df G÷kbea G÷kbea kd Galkugtj. Hbljfodltd fj Kbspasbgb÷l Jkbgbaljf Wâptboj kdf tdxta rdhulkbka kd fj Fdy kdf Dstjtuta Iêsbga kdf Dopfdjka Pþifbga ijna fj rþirbgj ‖Pfjlds kd beujfkjk‟ dstjifdgd qud fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs dstêl aifbejkjs j rdspdtjr fj beujfkjk kd trjta y kd apartulbkjkds dl df êoibta fjiarjf y, gal dstj hbljfbkjk, kdidrêl jkaptjr odkbkjs kbrbebkjs j dvbtjr gujfqubdr tbpa kd kbsgrbobljgb÷l fjiarjf dltrd oundrds y maoirds. Wbl pdrnubgba kd fa kbspudsta dl df jpjrtjka jltdrbar, fjs Jkoblbstrjgbalds Pþifbgjs kdidrêl dfjiarjr y jpfbgjr ul pfjl kd beujfkjk j kdsjrraffjr dl df galvdlba gafdgtbva a jgudrka kd galkbgbalds kd trjijna kdf pdrsaljf hulgbaljrba qud sdj jpfbgjifd, dl fas târoblas prdvbstas dl df obsoa.
:70
dkbtarbjf } gdp
