PBND
6
Bxdnbm `b cd kredmgzdagñm y aknpbtbmagd8 Huzed`ks `b Yrgnbrd Gmstdmagd b Gmstruaagñm. Huzed`ks `b ck Ybmdc. Huzed`ks `b ck Akmtbmagksk-D`ngmgstrdtgvk. Huzed`ks `b ck Qkagdc. Huzed`ks `b \gegcdmagd Ybmgtbmagdrgd. Ybmgtbmagd rgd. Huzed`ks `b Nbmkrbs. Huzed`ks Nbradmtgcbs, Nbradmtgcb s, y bc Prgjumdc `b Ndrad Aknumgtdrgd `b Dcgadmtb, Huzed`ks `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd nuhbr, Huzed`ks `b Ydz ZBLBZBMAGDQ CBEGQCDPG\DQ Cby Kreämgad 4762, `b 4 `b hucgk, `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc, auyd øctgnd nk`g lgada gñm sb fd prk`ua lgadagñm prk`uag`k g`k pkr Cby Kreämg Kreämgad ad 41/:9 41/:942, 42, `b 2 `b katujr katujrb, b, `b nk`glgadagñm `b cd Cby `b Bmhugagdngbmtk Argngmdc pdrd bc lkrtdcbagngbmtk `b cds edrdmtîds prkabsdcbs y cd rbeucdagñm `b cds nb`g`ds `b gmvbstgedagñm tbamkcñegad Cby 16/4766, `b :6 `b `gagbnjrb, `b @bndradagñm y Ycdmtd Hu`gagdc, auyd øctgnd nk`glgadagñm sb fd prk`uag`k pkr Cby :9/:944, `b :4 `b hucgk, `bc Zbegstrk Agvgc Cby 1
D`ngmgstrdagñm `b Hustgagd, pkr cd qub sb nk`glgad cd Cby Kreämgad 4762, `b 4 `b hucgk, `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc Zbdc @barbtk `b 40 `b sbptgbnjrb `b 466:, pkr bc qub sb dprubjd cd Cby `b Bmhugagdngbmtk Argngmdc, auyds øctgnds nk`glgadagkmbs sb fdm prk`uag`k pkr Cby Kreämgad 41/:942, `b 2 `b katujrb, `b nk`glgadag nk`glgadagñm ñm `b cd Cby `b Bmhugagdngbmtk Argngmdc pdrd bc lkrtdcbagngbmtk `b cds edrdmtîds prkabsdcbs y cd rbeucdagñm `b cds nb`g`ds `b gmvbstgedagñm tbamkcñegad, y pkr Cby 04/:942, `b 2 `b katujrb, `b nk`glgadagñm `b cd Cby `b Bmhugagdngbmtk Argngmdc pdrd cd degcgzdagñm `b cd hustgagd pbmdc y bc lkrtdcbagngbmtk `b cds edrdmtîds prkabsdcbs Cby :7/4776, `b 41 `b hucgk, rbeucd`krd `b cd Hurgs`gaagñm akmtbmagksk-D`ngmgstrdtgvd, auyds øctgnds nk`glgadagkmbs sb fdm prk`uag`k pkr Cby Kreämgad 5/:942, `b :4 `b hucgk, pkr cd qub sb nk`glgad cd Cby Kreämgad 4762, `b 4 `b hucgk, `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc, y pkr Qbmtbmagd PA (Ycbmk) 57/:945, `b :: `b humgk Cby 4/:999, `b 5 `b bmbrk, `b Bmhugagdngbmtk Agvgc, auyd øctgnd nk`glgadagñm sb fd prk`uag`k pkr Cby 5/:945, `b : `b mkvgbnjrb, pkr cd qub sb gmakrpkrd dc kr`bmdngbmtk hurî`gak bspdôkc cd @grbatgvd :941/44/RB, `bc Ydrcdnbmtk Burkpbk y `bc Akmsbhk, `b :4 `b ndyk `b :941, rbcdtgvd d cd rbskcuagñm dctbrmdtgvd `b cgtgegks bm ndtbrgd `b akmsunk
KJHBPG\KQ Akmkabr bc lumagkmdngbmtk y aknpbtbmagds `b cks ñredmks umgpbrskmdcbs hu`gagdcbs Bstu`gdr cds aknpbtbmagds y kredmgzdagñm `bc Prgjumdc `b ndrad aknumgtdrgd
Kredmgzdagñm y aknpbtbmagd `b ñredmks hu`gagdcbs (GG)
4.
BVDNBM @B CD KZEDMGXDAGÑM W AKNYBPBMAGD8 HRXED@KQ @B YZGNBZD GMQPDMAGD B GMQPZRAAGÑM
4.4 Akmabptk Qkm ñredmks hurgs`gaagkmdcbs umgpbrskmdcbs qub tgbmbm aknpbtbmagd bm ndtbrgd agvgc y pbmdc, bhbragbm`k su lumagñm bm um tbrrgtkrgk `bmkngmd`k Ydrtg`k Hu`gagdc (qub bs umd umg`d` tbrrgtkrgdc lkrnd`d pkr umk k näs numgagpgks cgnîtrklbs pbrtbmbagbmtbs d umd ngsnd prkvgmagd). Cd Cby Kreämgad `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc, drt. 60, bstdjcbab qub bm ad`d pdrtg`k pk`rä fdjbr umk k näs `b bstks Huzed`ks. Dsî, bm cds pkjcdagkmbs `b gnpkrtdmagd pub`b fdjbr näs `b um Huzed`k, y bmtkmabs cks qub bxgstgbrbm sb munbrdräm akrrbcdtgvdnbmtb. Bm cds adpgtdcbs `b prkvgmagd näs gnpkrtdmtbs sb fdm sbpdrd`k cds lumagkmbs `bc kr`bm agvgc, `b cds `bc kr`bm pbmdc? bm akmsbaubmagd, fdy Huzed`ks `b Yrgnbrd Gmstdmagd qub sñck sb kaupdm `b ndtbrgds prkpgds `bc kr`bm agvgc, y Huzed`ks `b Gmstruaagñm qub sb kaupdm `b ndtbrgds `bc kr`bm pbmdc (bm bstb adsk fdy `ks munbrdagkmbs akrrbcdtgvds). Pgbmbm su sb`b bm cd adpgtdc `bc numgagpgk d qub akrrbspkm`d bc Ydrtg`k Hu`gagdc, `b cd qub tkndm su mknjrb.
@bndradagñm y pcdmtd hu`gagdc bmbrk :945
4.: Zbeucdagñm - Bm cd Cby Kreämgad `bc Yk`br Yk`br Hu`gagdc, drts. 60 d 65, 67 y 76. - Bm cd Cby `b @bndradagñm y Ycdmtd Hu`gagdc, Hu`gagdc, drts. 0, 7, 49, 42, :4, :<, :5, 04, 0: y Dmbxk \G.
4.1 Aknpbtbmagds \dnks d dmdcgzdr cds aknpbtbmagds `b bstks bs tks ñredmks hurgs`gaagkmdcbs `gstgmeugçm`kcds8 - Aknk Huzed`ks `b Yrgnbrd Gmstdmagd, bm bc kr`bm kr`bm agvgc - Aknk Zbegstrk Agvgc - Aknk Huzed`ks `b Gmstruaagñm, bm bc kr`bm pbmdc
D. Cks Huzed`ks Huzed`ks `b Yrgnbrd Gmstdmagd Akmkabräm bm bc kr`bm agvgc8 4¸. Bm prgnbrd gmstdmagd, `b cks hugagks qub mk vbmedm dtrgjug`ks pkr cd CKYH d ktrks Huzed`ks k Prgjumdcbs. Qdcvk cd aknpbtbmagd dtrgjug`d d cks Huzed`ks `b Ydz. :¸. @b cks datks `b hurgs`gaagñm vkcumtdrgd. vkcumtdrgd.
b`gtkrgdc } abp
154
Kredmgzdagñm y Bstruaturd `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc. Pbnd 6
1¸. @b cks rbaursks qub bstdjcbzad cd cby akmtrd cds rbskcuagkmbs `b cks Huzed`ks `b Ydz `bc pdrtg`k (dpbcdagkmbs). 0¸. @b cds aubstgkmbs `b aknpbtbmagd bm ndtbrgd agvgc bmtrb cks Huzed`ks `b Ydz `bc Ydrtg`k. 2¸. @b cds skcgagtu`bs `b rbakmkagngbmtk rbakmkagngbmtk y bhbauagñm `b sbmtbmagds y `bnäs rbskcuagkmbs hu`gagdcbs hu`gagdcbs bxtrdmhbrds y `b cd bhbauagñm `b cdu`ks k rbskcuagkmbs drjgtrdcbs bxtrdmhbrks, d mk sbr qub, akm drrbeck d ck dakr`d`k bm cks trdtd`ks y ktrds mkrnds gmtbrmdagkmdcbs, akrrbspkm`d akrrbspkm`d su akmkagngbmtk d ktrk Huzed`k k Prgjumdc. <¸. @b cks akmaursks `b pbrskmd mdturdc qub mk sbd bnprbsdrgk bm cks tçrngmks prbvgstks bm su Cby rbeucd`krd. Cks huzed`ks `b 4ª gmstdmagd d cks qub `b daubr`k akm ck bstdjcbag`k bm bc drt. 76 CKYH, sb cbs fdyd dtrgjug`k bc akmkagngbmtk bspbaîlgak `b `btbrngmd`ks dsumtks, bxtbm`bräm su aknpbtbmagd bxacusgvdnbmtb d cks prkabsks bm cks qub sb vbmtgcbm dqubccks, `bjgbm`k gmfgjgrsb d ldvkr `b cks `bnäs trgjumdcbs aknpbtbmtbs audm`k bc prkabsk vbrsb skjrb ndtbrgds `glbrbmtbs. Qg sb pcdmtbdrd cd aubstgñm pkr bstd adusd sb sustdmagdrä aknk cds aubstgkmbs `b aknpbtbmagd (Drtîauck 0< CBA)
J. Cks Huzed`ks `b Gmstruaagñm Akmkabräm, bm bc kr`bm pbmdc8 d) @b cd gmstruaagñm `b cds adusds pkr pkr `bcgtk auyk bmhugagdngbmtk bmhugagdngbmtk akrrbspkm`d d cds Du`gbmagds Du`gbmagds Yrkvgmagdcbs y d cks Huzed`ks `b ck Ybmdc, bxabptk `b dqubccds adusds qub sbdm aknpbtbmagd `b cks Huzed`ks `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd Nuhbr. j) Cbs akrrbspkm`b dsgngsnk `gatdr sbmtbmagd `b akmlkrng`d` akm cd dausdagñm bm cks adsks bstdjcbag`ks pkr cd Cby y bm cks prkabsks pkr dabptdagñm `b `barbtk. a) @bc akmkagngbmtk y ldcck `bc prkab`gngbmtk pdrd bc hugagk skjrb `bcgtks cbvbs, sdcvk cks qub sbdm aknpbtbmagd `b cks Hubabs `b Ydz, k `b cks Huzed`ks `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd Nuhbr. `) @b cks prkab`gngbmtks `b –fdjbds akrpus„. b) @b cks rbaursks qub bstdjcbzad cd cby akmtrd cds rbskcuagkmbs `gatd`ds `gatd`ds pkr cks Huzed`ks `b Ydz `bc pdrtg`k y `b cds aubstgkmbs `b aknpbtbmagd bmtrb çstks. l) @b cd d`kpagñm `b cd kr`bm `b `b prktbaagñm d cds vîatgnds `b vgkcbmagd skjrb cd nuhbr audm`k bstç `bsdrrkccdm`k lumagkmbs `b eudr`gd, sgbnprb qub mk pub`d sbr d`kptd`d pkr bc Huzed`k `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd Nuhbr. e) @b cd bngsgñm y cd bhbauagñm `b cks gmstrunbmtks `b rbakmkagngbmtk nutuk `b rbskcuagkmbs pbmdcbs bm cd Rmgñm Burkpbd qub cbs dtrgjuyd cd cby. f) @b cks prkab`gngbmtks `b `bakngsk dutñmknk dutñmknk pkr cks `bcgtks pdrd auyk akmkagngbmtk akmkagngbmtk sbdm aknpbtbmtbs. Dsgngsnk, cks Huzed`ks `b Gmstruaagñm akmkabräm `b cd dutkrgzdagñm `bc gmtbrmdngbmtk `b bxtrdmhbrks bm cks abmtrks `b gmtbrmdngbmtk, dsî aknk `bc akmtrkc `b cd bstdmagd `b çstks bm cks ngsnks y bm cds sdcds `b gmd`ngsgñm `b lrkmtbrds. Pdnjgçm akmkabräm `b cds pbtgagkmbs y qubhds qub pcdmtbbm cks gmtbrmks bm audmtk dlbatbm d sus `brbafks lum`dnbmtdcbs.
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HRXED@KQ @B CK YBMDC
:.4 Akmabptk Qb trdtd `b ñredmks umgpbrskmdcbs auyd hurgs`gaagñm sb pub`b bxtbm`br d umk k vdrgks Ydrtg`ks Hu`gagdcbs `b cd ngsnd prkvgmagd. 15:
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Kredmgzdagñm y aknpbtbmagd `b ñredmks hu`gagdcbs (GG)
Qñck tgbmbm aknpbtbmagds bm bc kr`bm pbmdc. Bm ad`d prkvgmagd, y akm sb`b bm su adpgtdc, fdjrä umk k vdrgks Huzed` Huz ed`ks ks `b ck Ybm Ybmdc. dc. Yk` Yk`räm räm bs bstdj tdjcba cbabrs brsbb Huz Huzed` ed`ks ks `b ck Ybmdc auyd hurgs`gaagñm sb bxtgbm`d d umk k vdrgks pdrtg`ks `b cd ngsnd prkvgmagd, akmlkrnb d ck qub `gspkmed cd cbegscdagñm skjrb `bndradagñm y pcdmtd hu`gagdc, qub lghdrä cd agu`d` `km`b tbm`rä su sb`b. Cks Huzed`ks `b ck Ybmdc tkndräm su `bmkngmdagñm `b cd pkjcdagñm `km`b tbmedm su sb`b. (drt. 67 jgs CKYH).
:.: Zbeucdagñm Lubrkm arbd`ks pkr cd Cby Kreämgad 5/4766, `b :6 `b `gagbnjrb, trds cd sbmtbmagd `bc Prgjumdc Akmstgtuagkmdc `b 4: `b hucgk `b 4766 qub `bacdrdjd gmakmstgtuagkmdc bc fbafk `b qub bc Hubz gmstruatkr `b um prkabsk pkr `bcgtks lubsb bc bmadred`k `b ldccdrck, yd qub –cd datgvg`d` gmstruatkrd pub`b prkvkadr bm bc ämgnk `bc huzed`kr prbhugagks b gnprbsgkmbs d ldvkr k bm akmtrd `bc dausd`k qub cb gmlcuybm d cd fkrd `b sbmtbmagdr, `d`k qub cd datgvg`d` gmstruatkrd cb pkmb bm akmtdatk `grbatk akm bc dausd`k y akm cks fbafks y `dtks qub akm`uabm d cd dvbrgeudagñm `bc `bcgtk y sus rbspkmsdjcbs„. Bm su prbänjuck bc cbegscd`kr `bstdad qub cd prbtbmsgñm `b cd mubvd kr`bmdagñm cbedc bs cd daknk`dagñm `bc kr`bmdngbmtk hurî`gak bspdôkc d cd bxgebmagd `b gnpdragdcg`d` `bc huzed`kr bstdjcbag`d pkr bc Prgjumdc Akmstgtuagkmdc. Ydrd bcck8 - Arbd umd mubvd acdsb `b ñredmks hurgs`gaagkmdcbs umgpbrskmdcbs, cks Huzed`ks `b ck Ybmdc. - W sb umglgadm cks trbs prkab`gngbmtks qub bxgstîdm pdrd `bcgtks nbmks erdvbs, bm bc prkab`gngbmtk djrbvgd`k, pdrd `btbrngmd`ks `bcgtks, `äm`ksb mubvd rb`daagñm d cks drts. 40 y 577 `b cd CBArg. Bc Dmbxk \GG `b cd Cby `b @bndradagñm y Ycdmtd Hu`gagdc bstd jcbab bsks Huzed`ks.
:.1 Aknpbtbmagds Cks Huzed`ks `b ck Ybmdc bmhugagdräm cds adusds pkr `bcgtk qub cd Cby `btbrngmb. Akmkabräm8 4) @bc akmkagngbmtk y ldcck `b cds adusds pkr `bcgtks d cks qub cd Cby sbôdcb pbmd prgvdtgvd `b cgjbrtd` `b `urdagñm mk supbrgkr d agmak dôks k pbmd `b nuctd audcqugbrd qub sbd su audmtîd, k audcbsqugbrd ktrds `b `gstgmtd mdturdcbzd, jgbm sbdm ømgads, akmhumtds k dctbrmdtgvds, sgbnprb qub cd `urdagñm `b çstds mk bxab`d `b `gbz dôks. :) @bc akmkagngbmtk y ldcck `b `b adusds pkr `bcgtks cbvbs, sbdm k mk gmag`bmtdcbs, gnputdjcbs d cks dutkrbs `b cks `bcgtks dmtbrgkrnbmtb agtd`ks, k d ktrds pbrskmds, audm`k cd akngsgñm b`gtkrgdc } abp
Qdjîd qub Bc Prgjumdc Akmstgtuagkmdc y bc Prgjumdc Burkpbk `b @brbafks Fundmks akmsg`brdrkm qub cd gnpdragdcg`d` `bc huzed`kr bs gmaknpdtgjcb k qub`d aknprknbtg`d akm su datudagñm aknk gmstruatkr `b cd adusd pbmdc. @b dfî cd arbdagñm `b umd mubvd acdsb `b ñredmk hurgs`gaa hurgs `gaagkmdc gkmdc umgpb umgpbrskmd rskmdc8c8 bc Huzed`k `b ck Ybmdc.
Bstks huzed`ks tgbmbm gmgagdcnbmtb, änjgtk prkvgmagdc, pu`gbm`k tbmbr hurgs`gaagñm gmlbrgkr sg bc vkcunbm `b dsumtks ck dakmsbhd.
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Kredmgzdagñm y Bstruaturd `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc. Pbnd 6
Gnpkrtdmtb Pdnjgçm akrrbspkm`b d cks Huzed`ks `b ck Ybmdc cd bngsgñm y cd bhbauagñm `b cks gmstrunbmtks `b rbakmkagngbmtk nutuk `b rbskcuagkmbs pbmdcbs bm cd Rmgñm Burkpbd qub cbs dtrgjuyd cd cby.
`bc `bcgtk cbvb k su prubjd bstuvgbrdm rbcdagkmd`ds akm cks nbmagkmd`ks `bcgtks, sgm pbrhugagk `b cd aknpbtbmagd `bc Hubz `b Gmstruaagñm `b eudr`gd `bc cuedr `b akngsgñm `bc `bcgtk pdrd `gatdr sbmtbmagd `b akmlkrng`d`. (drt. 40 CBAr) Akrrbspkm`b dsgngsnk d cks Huzed`ks `b ck Ybmdc cd bhbauagñm `b cds sbmtbmagds `gatd`ds bm adusds pkr `bcgtk erdvb k nbmks erdvb pkr cks Huzed`ks `b Gmstruaagñm, bc rbakmkagngbmtk y bhbauagñm `b cds rbskcuagkmbs qub gnpkmedm sdmagkmbs pbaumgdrgds trdmsngtg`ds pkr cds dutkrg`d`bs aknpbtbmtbs `b ktrks Bstd`ks ngbnjrks `b cd Rmgñm Burkpbd, audm`k cds ngsnds `bjdm aunpcgrsb bm tbrrgtkrgk bspdôkc, y cks prkab`gngbmtks `b `bakngsk dutñmknk pkr cks `bcgtks pdrd auyk akmkagngbmtk sbdm aknpbtbmtbs.
1.
HRXED@KQ @B CK AKMPBMAGKQKD@NGMGQPZDPG\K
1.4 Akmabptk Bm ad`d prkvgmagd, akm hurgs`gaagñm bm tk`d bccd y sb`b bm su adpgtdc, fdjrä umk k näs Huzed`ks `b ck Akmtbmagksk-D`ngmgstrdtgvk, qub skm ñredmks hurgs`gaagkmdcbs `b adräatbr umgpbrskmdc akm aknpbtbmagds bm bc b c kr`bm akmtbmagksk-d`ngmgstrdtgvk. Audm`k bc vkcunbm `b dsumtks ck rbqugbrd, sb pk`räm bstdjcbabr umk k näs Huzed`ks `b ck Akmtbmagksk-D`ngmgstrdtgvk bm cds pkjcdagkmbs qub pkr cby sb `btbrngmb. Pkndräm cd `bmkngmdagñm `bc numgagpgk `b su sb`b, y bxtbm`bräm su hurgs`gaagñm dc pdrtg`k akrrbspkm`gbmtb. Pdnjgçm pk`räm arbdrsb bxabpagkmdcnbmtb Huzed`ks `b ck Akmtbmagksk-D`ngmgstrdtgvk qub bxtgbm`dm su hurgs`gaagñm d näs `b umd prkvgmagd `bmtrk `b cd ngsnd Aknumg`d` Dutñmknd.
1.: Zbeucdagñm - Bm cd Cby Cby Kreämgad `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc8 drts. 79 y 74 - Bm cd Cby `b @bndradagñm y Ycdmtd Hu`gagdc8 drts. 6, 49, 4<, 04, 00 y Dmbxk \GGG - Bm cd Cby :7/4776, `b 41 `b hucgk, rbeucd`krd `b `b cd Hurgs`gaagñm Akmtbmagksk -D`ngmgstrdtgvd8 drt. 6.
1.1 Aknpbtbmagds Cks Huzed`ks `b ck Akmtbmagksk-d`ngmgstrdtgvk akmkabräm, bm ømgad k prgnbrd gmstdmagd sbeøm ck `gspubstk bm cd Cby :7/4776, `b 41 `b hucgk, rbeucd`krd `b cd Hurgs`gaagñm Akmtbmagksk-d`ngmgstrdtgvd, `b cks rbaursks qub sb `b`uzadm lrbmtb d cks datks 150
b`gtkrgdc } abp
Kredmgzdagñm y aknpbtbmagd `b ñredmks hu`gagdcbs (GG)
`b cds bmtg`d`bs ckadcbs k `b cds bmtg`d`bs y akrpkrdagkmbs `bpbm`gbmtbs k vgmaucd`ds d cds ngsnds, bxacug`ds cds gnpuemdagkmbs `b audcqugbr acdsb `b gmstrunbmtks `b pcdmbdngbmtk urjdmîstgak. Akmkabräm, dsgngsnk, bm ømgad k prgnbrd gmstdmagd `b cks rbaursks qub sb `b`uzadm lrbmtb d cks datks d`ngmgstrdtgvks `b cd D`ngmgstrdagñm `b cds aknumg`d`bs dutñmknds, sdcvk audm`k prkab`dm `bc rbspbatgvk Akmsbhk `b Ekjgbrmk, audm`k tbmedm pkr kjhbtk8 d) Aubstgkmbs `b pbrskmdc, sdcvk qub sb rblgbrdm dc mdagngbmtk k bxtgmagñm `b cd rbcdagñm `b sbrvgagk `b lumagkmdrgks pøjcgaks `b adrrbrd. j) Cds sdmagkmbs s dmagkmbs d`ngmgstrdtgvds qub akmsgstdm bm nuctds mk supbrgkrbs d <9.999 burks y bm absbs `b datgvg`d`bs k prgvdagñm `b bhbragagk `b `brbafks qub mk bxab`dm `b sbgs nbsbs. a) Cds rbacdndagkmbs pkr rbspkmsdjgcg`d` pdtrgnkmgdc auyd audmtîd mk bxab`d bxab`d `b 19.929 burks. Akmkabräm bm ømgad k prgnbrd gmstdmagd `b cks rbaursks qub sb `b`uzadm lrbmtb d `gspksgagkmbs y datks `b cd D`ngmgstrdagñm pbrglçrgad `bc Bstd`k y `b cds aknumg`d`bs dutñmknds, akmtrd cks datks `b cks kredmgsnks, bmtbs, bmtg`d`bs k akrpkrdagkmbs `b `brbafk pøjcgak, auyd aknpbtbmagd mk sb bxtgbm`d d tk`k bc tbrrgtkrgk mdagkmdc y akmtrd cds rbskcuagkmbs `b cks ñredmks supbrgkrbs audm`k akmlgrnbm îmtberdnbmtb cks `gatd`ks pkr dquçccks bm vîd `b rbaursk, lgsadcgzdagñm k tutbcd. Qb bxabptødm cks datks `b audmtîd supbrgkr d <9.999 burks `gatd`ks pkr cd D`ngmgstrdagñm pbrglçrgad `bc Bstd`k y cks kredmgsnks pøjcgaks bstdtdcbs auyd aknpbtbmagd mk sb bxtgbm`d d tk`k bc tbrrgtkrgk mdagkmdc, k audm`k sb `gatbm bm bhbragagk `b sus aknpbtbmagds skjrb `kngmgk pøjcgak, kjrds pøjcgads `bc Bstd`k, bxprkpgdagñm lkrzksd y prkpgb`d`bs bspbagdcbs. Akmkabräm, geudcnbmtb, `b tk`ds cds rbskcuagkmbs qub sb `gatbm bm ndtbrgd `b bxtrdmhbrîd pkr cd D`ngmgstrdagñm pbrglçrgad `bc Bstd`k k pkr cks ñredmks aknpbtbmtbs `b cds Aknumg`d`bs Dutñmknds. Akrrbspkm`b akmkabr d cks Huzed`ks `b cds gnpuemdagkmbs akmtrd datks `b cds Humtds Bcbatkrdcbs `b Xkmd y `b cds lkrnucd`ds bm ndtbrgd `b prkacdndagñm `b adm`g`dturds y adm`g`dtks blbatud`d pkr audcqugbrd `b cds Humtds Bcbatkrdcbs, bm cks tçrngmks prbvgstks bm cd cbegscdagñm bcbatkrdc. Akmkabräm tdnjgçm cks Huzed`ks `b ck Akmtbmagksk-d`ngmgstrdtgvk `b cds dutkrgzdagkmbs pdrd cd bmtrd`d bm `kngagcgks y rbstdmtbs cuedrbs auyk daabsk rbqugbrd bc akmsbmtgngbmtk `b su tgtucdr, sgbnprb qub bcck prkab`d pdrd cd bhbauagñm lkrzksd `b datks `b cd d`ngmgstrdagñm pøjcgad, sdcvk qub sb trdtb `b cd bhbauagñm `b nb`g`ds `b prktbaagñm `b nbmkrbs dakr`d`ds pkr cd Bmtg`d` Yøjcgad aknpbtbmtb bm cd ndtbrgd. Dsgngsnk, akrrbspkm`brä d cks Huzed`ks `b ck Akmtbmagksk-d`ngmgstrdtgvk cd dutkrgzdagñm k rdtglgadagñm hu`gagdc `b cds nb`g`ds qub cds dutkrg`d`bs sdmgtdrgds akmsg`brbm urebmtbs y mbabsdrgds pdrd cd sdcu` pøjcgad b gnpcgqubm prgvdagñm k rbstrgaagñm `b cd cgjbrtd` k `b ktrk `brbafk lum`dnbmtdc. D`bnäs, cks Huzed`ks `b ck Akmtbmagksk-d`ngmgstrdtgvk akmkabräm `b cds dutkrgzdagkmbs pdrd cd bmtrd`d b gmspbaagñm `b `kngagcgks, ckadcbs, tbrrbmks y nb`gks `b trdmspkrtb qub fdyd sg`k dakr`d`d pkr cd Akngsgñm Mdagkmdc `b cd Aknpbtbmagd, audm`k, rbqugrgbm`k `gafk daabsk b gmspbaagñm bc akmsbmtgngbmtk `b su tgtucdr, çstb sb kpkmed d bcck k bxgstd rgbsek `b tdc kpksgagñm.
0.
HRXED@KQ @B CK QKAGDC
0.4 Krgebm Qu krgebm sb bmaubmtrd bm cds Ndegstrdturds `b Prdjdhk, `b änjgtk prkvgmagdc, gmgagdcnbmtb `bpbm`gbmtbs `bc Ngmgstbrgk `b Prdjdhk y auyk pbrskmdc sb rbacutdjd `b cd sgeugbmtb lkrnd8
b`gtkrgdc } abp
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Kredmgzdagñm y Bstruaturd `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc. Pbnd 6
\kadjucdrgk Ndegstrdturd `b Prdjdhk8 Cd Ndegstrdturd `b Prdjdhk bs umd kredmgzdagñm arbd`d bc 41 `b ndyk `b 4716, bm pcbmd Eubrrd Agvgc Bspdôkcd, `bstgmd`d d cd rbskcuagñm `b akmlcgatks pcdmtbd`ks bm cks prkabsks `b prk`uaagñm y, bspbagdcnbmtb, cks `b adräatbr cdjkrdc.
- Cks Ndegstrd`ks `b Prdjdhk akmstgtuîdm um um Aubrpk qub sb gmtberdjd pkr lumagkmdrgks `b cd Adrrbrd Hu`gagdc k Lgsadc. - Bc Qbarbtdrgd`k Qbarbtdrgd`k akmstgtuîd akmstgtuîd um Aubrpk Bspbagdc, Bspbagdc, bm bc qub sb gmerbsdjd pkr kpksgagñm bmtrb Cgabmagd`ks bm @brbafk. - Bc pbrskmdc duxgcgdr, qub prkab`îd `bc pbrskmdc pbrskmdc dc dc sbrvgagk `b cd D`ngmgstrdagñm Agvgc `bc Bstd`k. Cd Cby Kreämgad `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc, `b 4 `b hucgk `b 4762, krgegmñ cd `bsdpdrgagñm `b cks Aubrpks `b Qbarbtdrgks y Ndegstrd`ks, qub qub`dm gmtberd`ks bm bc `b Cbtrd`ks `b cd D`ngmgstrdagñm `b Hustgagd y bm cd Adrrbrd Hu`gagdc, rbspbatgvdnbmtb.
0.: Akmabptk
Qdjîd qub Cds dmtgeuds Ndegstrdturds `b Prdjdhk lubrkm sustgtug`ds pkr cks datudcbs Huzed`ks `b ck Qkagdc y tdc aknk bstdjcbab cd @gspksgagñm Prdmsgtkrgd @bagnkmkvbmd `b cd Cby Kreämgad `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc, fdstd cd bmtrd`d bm lumagkmdngbmtk `b bstks, akmtgmudrîdm bhbragbm`k sus lumagkmbs dqubccds.
Qkm ñredmks umgpbrskmdcbs, akm hurgs`gaagñm prkvgmagdc y sb`b bm cd adpgtdc `b prkvgmagd, dumqub pk`räm bstdjcbabrsb, sg lubrd akmvbmgbmtb, Huzed`ks `b ck Qkagdc bm pkjcdagkmbs `gstgmtds, `bcgngtäm`ksb, bm tdc adsk, bc änjgtk `b su hurgs`gaagñm. Bxabpagkmdcnbmtb, cks Huzed`ks `b ck Qkagdc pk`räm bxtbm`br su hurgs`gaagñm d `ks k näs prkvgmagds `bmtrk `b umd Aknumg`d` Dutñmknd.
0.1 Zbeucdagñm - Drts. 7: y 71 Cby Kreämgad `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc. - Drts. 1, 6, 45, :9, 01, <9 y Dmbxk GV `b cd Cby `b @bndradagñm y Ycdmtd. - Drts. : y < `b `b cd Cby 1
0.0 Aknpbtbmagds
Pknb mktd Cks Huzed`ks `b ck Qkagdc pk`räm bxabpagkmdcnbmtb bxtbm`br su hurgs`gaagñm d `ks k näs prkvgmagds `bmtrk `b cd ngsnd Aknumg`d` Dutñmknd.
15<
Bm ad`d prkvgmagd, akm hurgs`gaagñm bm tk`d bccd y sb`b bm su adpgtdc, fdjrä umk k näs Huzed`ks `b ck Qkagdc. Pdnjgçm pk`räm bstdjcbabrsb bm pkjcdagkmbs `gstgmtds `b cd adpgtdc `b prkvgmagd audm`k cds mbabsg`d`bs `bc sbrvgagk k cd prkxgng`d` d `btbrngmd`ks møacbks `b trdjdhk ck dakmsbhbm, `bcgngtäm`ksb, bm tdc adsk, bc änjgtk `b su hurgs`gaagñm. Cks Huzed`ks `b ck Qkagdc akmkabräm, bm prgnbrd k ømgad gmstdmagd, `b cks prkabsks skjrb ndtbrgds prkpgds `b bstb kr`bm hurgs`gaagkmdc qub mk bstçm dtrgjug`ks d ñredmks `bc ngsnk. Bs `bagr, cks Huzed`ks `b ck Qkagdc akmkabräm bm ømgad gmstdmagd `b tk`ks cks prkabsks dtrgjug`ks dc kr`bm hurgs`gaagkmdc skagdc, akm bxabpagñm `b cks dsgemd`ks bxprbsdnbmtb d cd aknpbtbmagd `b Qdcds `b ck Qkagdc `b cks Prgjumdcbs Qupbrgkrbs `b Hustgagd, d cd Qdcd `b ck Qkagdc `b cd Du`gbmagd Mdagkmdc y d cd Qdcd `b ck Qkagdc `bc Prgjumdc Quprbnk, dsî aknk ck bstdjcbag`k bm cd Cby Akmaursdc.
b`gtkrgdc } abp
Kredmgzdagñm y aknpbtbmagd `b ñredmks hu`gagdcbs (GG)
Bm dpcgadagñm `b ck bstdjcbag`k bm bc pärrdlk dmtbrgkr, akmkabräm tdnjgçm bm ømgad gmstdmagd `b cks prkabsks `b gnpuemdagñm `b datks `b D`ngmgstrdagkmbs pøjcgads dtrgjug`ks dc kr`bm hurgs`gaagkmdc skagdc bm cds cbtrds m) y s) `bc drtîauck : CHQ, audm`k fdydm sg`k `gatd`ks pkr8 d) Cks ñredmks `b cd D`ngmgstrdagñm Ebmbrdc `bc Bstd`k y `b cks kredmgsnks pøjcgaks vgmaucd`ks k `bpbm`gbmtbs `b bccd sgbnprb qub su mgvbc kreämgak sbd gmlbrgkr dc `b Ngmgstrk k Qbarbtdrgk `b Bstd`k. j) Cds D`ngmgs D`ngmgstrdagkm trdagkmbs bs `b cds Aknumg`d Aknumg`d`bs `bs Dutñmknd Dutñmknds, s, sdcvk cks qub prkab`dm `bc rbspb rbspbatgvk atgvk Akmsbhk `b Ekjgbrmk. a) Cds D`ngmgstrdagkmbs D`ngmgstrdagkmbs `b cds bmtg`d`bs ckadcbs. `) Audcqugbr ktrk kredmgsnk k bmtg`d` `b `brbafk pøjcgak qub pu`gbrd kstbmtdr dceumd `b cds aknpbtbmagds d`ngmgstrdtgvds d cds qub sb rblgbrbm cds nbmagkmd`ds cbtrds `bc drtîauck : `b bstd Cby. Drtîauck : Änjgtk `bc kr`bm hurgs`gaagkmdc skagdc (CHQ) Cks ñredmks hurgs`gaagkmdcbs `bc kr`bm skagdc, akmkabräm `b cds aubstgkmbs cgtgegksds qub sb prknubvdm8 _...^ m) Bm gnpuemdagñm `b rbskcuagkmbs d`ngmgstrdtgvds `b cd dutkrg`d` cdjkrdc rbadî`ds bm cks prkab`gngbmtks prbvgstks bm bc dpdrtd`k 1 `bc drtîauck 05 (suspbmsgñm `bc akmtrdtk `b trdjdhk pkr lubrzd ndykr) y bm bc dpdrtd`k 5 `bc drtîauck 24 (prkab`gngbmtk `b akmstdtdagñm, `b cd dutkrg`d` cdjkrdc, `bc `bspg`k akcbatgvk pkr adusd `b lubrzd ndykr) `bc Bstdtutk `b cks Prdjdhd`krbs, dsî aknk cds rbadî`ds bm bc bhbragagk `b cd pktbstd` sdmagkmd`krd bm ndtbrgd cdjkrdc y sgm`gadc y, rbspbatk `b cds `bnäs gnpuemdagkmbs `b ktrks datks `b cds D`ngmgstrdagkmbs pøjcgads suhbtks dc @brbafk D`ngmgstrdtgvk bm bc bhbragagk `b sus pktbstd`bs y lumagkmbs bm ndtbrgd cdjkrdc y sgm`gadc qub pkmedm lgm d cd vîd d`ngmgstrdtgvd, sgbnprb qub bm bstb adsk su akmkagngbmtk mk bstç dtrgjug`k d ktrk kr`bm hurgs`gaagkmdc. _...^ s) Bm gnpuemdagñm `b datks `b cds D`ngmgstrdagkmbs pøjcgads, suhbtks d `brbafk d`ngmgstrdtgvk y qub pkmedm lgm d cd vîd d`ngmgstrdtgvd, `gatd`ds bm bc bhbragagk `b sus pktbstd`bs y lumagkmbs bm ndtbrgd `b Qbeurg`d` Qkagdc, `gstgmtds `b cds aknprbm`g`ds bm bc dpdrtd`k k) `b bstb drtîauck, gmacuybm`k cds rbadî`ds bm bc bhbragagk `b cd pktbstd` sdmagkmd`krd bm bstd ndtbrgd y akm bxabpagñm `b cks rbcdtgvks d gmsargpagñm `b bnprbsds, lkrndcgzdagñm `b cd prktbaagñm lrbmtb d rgbseks prklbsgkmdcbs, tdrgldagñm, dlgcgdagñm, dctd, jdhd y vdrgdagkmbs `b `dtks `b trdjdhd`krbs, dsî aknk bm ndtbrgd `b cgqug`dagñm `b auktds, datds `b cgqug`dagñm y datds `b gmlrdaagñm vgmaucd`ds akm `gafd cgqug`dagñm `b auktds, bmtrb ktrds. _...^
2.
HRXED@KQ @B \GEGCDMAGD YBMGPBMAGDZGD
2.4 Akmabptk Bm ad`d prkvgmagd, y `bmtrk `bc kr`bm hurgs`gaagkmdc pbmdc, fdjrä umk k vdrgks Huzed`ks `b \gegcdmagd Ybmgtbmagdrgd, qub tbm`räm cds lumagkmbs hurgs`gaagkmdcbs prbvgstds bm cd Cby Ebmbrdc Ybmgtbmagdrgd bm b`gtkrgdc } abp
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Kredmgzdagñm y Bstruaturd `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc. Pbnd 6
ndtbrgd `b bhbauagñm `b pbmds prgvdtgvds `b cgjbrtd` y nb`g`ds `b sbeurg`d`, bngsgñm y bhbauagñm `b cks gmstrunbmtks `b rbakmkagngbmtk nutuk `b rbskcuagkmbs pbmdcbs bm cd Rmgñm Burkpbd qub cbs dtrg juyd cd cby, akmtrkc hurgs`gaagkmdc hurgs`gaagkmdc `b cd pktbstd` `gsagpcgmdrgd `gsagpcgmdrgd `b cds dutkrg`d`bs dutkrg`d`bs pbmgtbmagdrgds, dnpdrk `b cks `brbafks y jbmblgagks `b cks gmtbrmks bm cks bstdjcbagngbmtks pbmgtbmagdrgks y `bnäs qub sbôdcb cd cby. Yk`räm bstdjcbabrsb Huzed`ks `b \gegcdmagd pbmgtbmagdrgd qub bxtgbm`dm su hurgs`gaagñm d `ks k näs prkvgmagds `b cd ngsnd Aknumg`d` Dutñmknd. Pdnjgçm pk`räm arbdrsb Huzed`ks `b \gegcdmagd pbmgtbmagdrgd auyd hurgs`gaagñm mk sb bxtgbm`d d tk`d cd prkvgmagd. Bc adrek `b Hubz `b \gegcdmagd pbmgtbmagdrgd sbrä aknpdtgjcb akm bc `bsbnpbôk `b um ñredmk `bc kr`bm hurgs`gaagkmdc pbmdc. Bc mønbrk `b Huzed`ks `b \gegcdmagd pbmgtbmagdrgd sb `btbrngmdrä bm cd Cby `b pcdmtd, dtbm`gbm`k prgmagpdcnbmtb d cks bstdjcbagngbmtks pbmgtbmagdrgks bxgstbmtbs y d cd acdsb `b çstks. Bc Ekjgbrmk bstdjcbabrä cd sb`b `b bstks Huzed`ks, prbvgd du`gbmagd `b cd Aknumg`d` Dutñmknd dlbatd`d y `bc Akmsbhk Ebmbrdc `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc.
2.: Zbeucdagñm - Bm cd Cby Kreämgad Kreämgad `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc bm cks drts. 70 y 72. - Bm cd Cby `b @bndradagñm y Ycdmtd Hu`gagdc Hu`gagdc vgbmbm rbakeg`ks rbakeg`ks bm cks drts. 1, 6, 46, 02 y bm bc Dmbxk V. - Bm cd Cby Ebmbrdc Ybmgtbmagdrgd 4/4757, `b :< `b sbptgbnjrb, qub tgbmb adräatbr kreämgak, kreämgak, bm cks cks drts. 5< d 56.
2.1 Aknpbtbmagds - Qkm cds cds prbvgstds bm bc drt. 5< `b `b cd Cby Ebmbrdc Ebmbrdc Ybmgtbmagdrgd8 Bc Hubz `b \gegcdmagd tbm`rä dtrgjuagkmbs dtrgjuagkmbs pdrd pdrd fdabr aunpcgr cd pbmd gnpubstd, rbskcvbr cks rbaursks rblbrbmtbs d cds nk`glgadagkmbs qub pub`d bxpbrgnbmtdr akm drrbeck d ck prbsargtk bm cds cbybs y rbecdnbmtks, sdcvdeudr`dr cks `brbafks `b cks gmtbrmks y akrrbegr cks djusks y `bsvgdagkmbs qub bm bc aunpcgngbmtk `b cks prbabptks `bc rçegnbm pbmgtbmagdrgk pub`dm prk`uagrsb. - Akrrbspkm`b bspbagdcnbmtb dc Hubz `b \gegcdmagd8 4) D`kptdr tk`ds cds `bagsgkmbs `bagsgkmbs mbabsdrgds pdrd qub cks prkmumagdngbmtks prkmumagdngbmtks `b cds rbskcuagkmbs bm kr`bm d cds pbmds prgvdtgvds `b cgjbrtd` sb ccbvbm d adjk, dsungbm`k cds lumagkmbs qub akrrbspkm`brîdm d cks Hubabs y Prgjumdcbs sbmtbmagd`krbs. :) Zbskcvbr skjrb cds prkpubstds `b cgjbrtd` akm`gagkmdc akm`gagkmdc `b cks pbmd`ks y dakr`dr dakr`dr cds rbvkadagkmbs qub prkab`dm. 1) Dprkjdr cds prkpubstds qub lkrnucbm cks bstdjcbagngbmtks skjrb jbmblgagks pbmgtbmagdrgks qub pub`dm supkmbr dakrtdngbmtk `b cd akm`bmd. 0) Dprkjdr cds sdmagkmbs `b dgscdngbmtk bm abc`d `b `urdagñm supbrgkr d 40 `îds. 2) Zbskcvbr pkr vîd `b rbaursk cds rbacdndagkmbs rbacdndagkmbs qub lkrnucbm cks gmtbrmks skjrb sdmagkmbs `gsagpcgmd`gsagpcgmdrgds. <) Zbskcvbr bm jdsb d cks bstu`gks `b cks Bqugpks Bqugpks `b Kjsbrvdagñm y `b Prdtdngbmtk Prdtdngbmtk y, bm su adsk `b cd Abmtrdc `b Kjsbrvdagñm, cks rbaursks rblbrbmtbs d cd acdsglgadagñm gmgagdc y d prkerbsgkmbs y rberbsgkmbs `b erd`k. 156
b`gtkrgdc } abp
Kredmgzdagñm y aknpbtbmagd `b ñredmks hu`gagdcbs (GG)
5) Dakr`dr ck qub prkab`d skjrb cds pbtgagkmbs k qubhds qub cks gmtbrmks lkrnucbm bm rbcdagñm akm bc rçegnbm y bc trdtdngbmtk pbmgtbmagdrgk bm audmtk dlbatb d cks `brbafks lum`dnbmtdcbs k d cks `brbafks y jbmblgagks pbmgtbmagdrgks `b dquçccks. 6) Zbdcgzdr cds vgsgtds d cks bstdjcbagngbmtks bstdjcbagngbmtks pbmgtbmagdrgks qub prbvç cd Cby `b Bmhugagdngbmtk Argngmdc pu`gbm`k bc Hubz Abmtrdc `b \gegcdmagd Ybmgtbmagdrgd rbadjdr pdrd bc bhbragagk `b `gafd lumagñm bc duxgcgk hu`gagdc `b cks Hubabs `b \gegcdmagd Ybmgtbmagdrgd `bc cuedr bm bc qub rd`gqub bc bstdjcbagngbmtk qub fd `b sbr vgsgtd`k. 7) Dutkrgzdr cks pbrngsks pbrngsks `b sdcg`d auyd auyd `urdagñm sbd supbrgkr d `ks `îds, bxabptk `b cks acdsglgad`ks bm tbrabr erd`k. 49) Akmkabr `bc pdsk d cks bstdjcbagngbmtks `b rçegnbm abrrd`k `b cks rbacusks, d prkpubstd `bc @grbatkr `bc bstdjcbagngbmtk.
<.
HRXED@KQ @B NBMKZBQ
<.4 Akmabptk Bm ad`d prkvgmagd, akm hurgs`gaagñm bm tk`d bccd y sb`b bm su adpgtdc, fdjrä umk k näs Huzed`ks `b Nbmkrbs. Mk kjstdmtb, audm`k bc vkcunbm `b trdjdhk ck dakmsbhb, pk`räm bstdjcbabrsb Huzed`ks `b Nbmkrbs auyd hurgs`gaagñm sb bxtgbm`d k jgbm d um pdrtg`k `btbrngmd`k k derupdagñm `b pdrtg`ks, k jgbm d `ks k näs prkvgmagds `b cd ngsnd Aknumg`d` Dutñmknd. Pkndräm su mknjrb `b cd pkjcdagñm `km`b rd`gqub su sb`b.
<.: Zbeucdagñm - Bm cd Cby Kreämgad `bc Yk`br Yk`br Hu`gagdc8 drts. 7< y 75. - Bm cd Cby `b @bndradagñm y Ycdmtd Hu`gagdc8 drts. 1, 6, 47 y 0< d 06, dsî aknk bm bc Dmbxk VG. - Bm cd Cby Kreämgad 2/:999, `b 4: `b bmbrk, rbeucd`krd rbeucd`krd `b cd rbspkmsdjgcg`d` pbmdc `b cks nbmkrbs.
<.1 Kredmgzdagñm Cks Huzed`ks `b Nbmkrbs `bjbräm sbr sbrvg`ks pkr Ndegstrd`ks. Cks Huzed`ks `b Nbmkrbs fdm sustgtug`k d cks dmtgeuks Prgjumdcbs Putbcdrbs `b Nbmkrbs. Geudcnbmtb, sb fd suprgng`k bc Prgjumdc `b Dpbcdagñm `b cks Prgjumdcbs Putbcdrbs `b Nbmkrbs y sus aknpbtbmagds cds fd dsung`k cd Du`gbmagd Yrkvgmagdc akrrbspkm`gbmtb.
b`gtkrgdc } abp
Qdjîd qub Bc drtîauck <7 `bc datudc Añ`gek Ybmdc prbvbîd cd dpcgadagñm `b cd Cby Kreämgad 2/:999 d cks ndykrbs `b 46 dôks y nbmkrbs `b :4 qub aknbtgbrdm um fbafk `bcgatgvk, bm cks adsks y akm cks rbqugsgtks qub cd Cby Kreämgad bstd jcbagbrd. Bm akmskmdmagd akm ck dmtbrgkr, cd Cby Kreämgad 2/:999 pbrngtîd su dpcgadagñm d bstks hñvbmbs sbeøm cd `gsarbagkmdcg`d` `bc Hubz, dtbm`gbm`k d cds agraumstdmagds pbrskmdcbs y dc erd`k `b nd`urbz `bc dutkr, y d cd mdturdcbzd y erdvb`d` `b cks fbafks. Lgmdcnbmtb cd Cby Kreämgad 6/:99<, `b 0 `b `gagbnjrb, qub nk`glgad cd Cby Kreämgad 2/:999, `b 4: `b bmbrk, suprgngñ `blgmgtgvdnbmtb cd pksgjgcg`d` `b dpcgadrcd d cks aknprbm`g`ks bmtrb cks 46 y cks :4 dôks.
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Kredmgzdagñm y Bstruaturd `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc. Pbnd 6
<.0 Aknpbtbmagds Akrrbspkm`b d cks Hubabs `b Nbmkrbs8 - Akmkabr `b cks fbafks tgpglgad`ks tgpglgad`ks aknk aknk `bcgtks `bcgtks aknbtg`ks aknbtg`ks pkr cds pbrskmds ndykrbs ndykrbs `b adtkrab adtkrab dôks y nbmkrbs `b `gbagkafk dsî aknk pdrd fdabr bhbautdr sus sbmtbmagds, sgm pbrhugagk `b cds ldauctd`bs dtrgjug`ds d cds Aknumg`d`bs Dutñmknds rbspbatk d cd prktbaagñm y rblkrnd `b nbmkrbs. - Cks Hubabs `b Nbmkrbs sbräm dsgngsnk aknpbtbmtbs pdrd pdrd rbskcvbr skjrb cds rbspkmsdjgcg`d`bs agvgagvgcbs `brgvd`ds `b cks fbafks aknbtg`ks pkr cds pbrskmds d cds qub rbsuctd dpcgadjcb cd Cby rbeucd`krd `b cd Zbspkmsdjgcg`d` Ybmdc `b cks Nbmkrbs. Cd aknpbtbmagd akrrbspkm`b dc Hubz `b Nbmkrbs `bc cuedr `km`b sb fdyd aknbtg`k bc fbafk `bcgatgvk. Audm`k bc dutkr `b cks fbafks pumgjcbs sbd nbmkr `b adtkrab dôks, mk sb cb bxgegrä rbspkmsdjgcg`d` akm drrbeck d cd rblbrg`d Cby, sgmk qub sb cb dpcgadrä ck `gspubstk bm cds mkrnds skjrb prktbaagñm `b nbmkrbs prbvgstds bm bc Añ`gek Agvgc y `bnäs `gspksgagkmbs vgebmtbs.
5.
HRXED@KQ NBZADMPGCBQ, W BC PZGJRMDC @B NDZAD AKNRMGPDZGD @B DCGADMPB, HRXED@KQ @B \GKCBMAGD QKJZB CD NRHBZ, HRXED@KQ @B YDX
5.4 Huzed`ks `b ck Nbradmtgc Nbradmtgc D. Akmabptk Akm adräatbr ebmbrdc, bm ad`d prkvgmagd, akm hurgs`gaagñm bm tk`d bccd y sb`b bm su adpgtdc, fdjrä umk k vdrgks huzed`ks `b ck nbradmtgc. Pdnjgçm pk`räm bstdjcbabrsb bm pkjcdagkmbs `gstgmtds `b cd adpgtdc `b prkvgmagd audm`k, dtbm`g`ds cd pkjcdagñm, cd bxgstbmagd `b møacbks gm`ustrgdcbs k nbradmtgcbs y cd datgvg`d` bakmñngad, ck dakmsbhbm, `bcgngtäm`ksb bm ad`d adsk bc änjgtk `b su hurgs`gaagñm. Yk`räm bstdjcbabrsb huzed`ks `b ck nbradmtgc qub bxtgbm`dm su hurgs`gaagñm d `ks k näs prkvgmagds `b cd ngsnd aknumg`d` dutñmknd, akm cd sdcvb`d` `b ck prbvgstk pdrd cks huzed`ks `b ck nbradmtgc `b Dcgadmtb.
J. Aknpbtbmagds Cks Huzed`ks `b ck nbradmtgc akmkabräm `b audmtds aubstgkmbs sb susagtbm bm ndtbrgd akmaursdc, bm cks tçrngmks prbvgstks bm su Cby rbeucd`krd y sgm pbrhugagk `b ck `gspubstk bm bc drtîauck 62.< CKYH (akmaursks `b pbrskmd mdturdc qub mk sbd bnprbsdrgk bm cks tçrngmks prbvgstks bm su Cby rbeucd`krd). Bm tk`k adsk, cd hurgs`gaagñm `bc hubz `bc akmaursk sbrä bxacusgvd y bxacuybmtb bm cds sgeugbmtbs ndtbrgds8 4.¸ Cds daagkmbs agvgcbs akm trdsabm`bmagd pdtrgnkmgdc qub sb `grghdm akmtrd bc pdtrgnkmgk `bc akmaursd`k, akm bxabpagñm `b cds qub sb bhbragtbm bm cks prkabsks skjrb adpdag`d`, lgcgdagñm, ndtrgnkmgk y nbmkrbs d cds qub sb rblgbrb rbl gbrb bc tîtuck G `bc cgjrk G\ `b cd Cby 4/:999, `b 5 `b bmbrk, `b Bmhugagdngbmtk Agvgc. Akm bc ngsnk dcadmab akmkabrä `b cd daagñm d qub sb rblgbrb bc drtîauck 45.4 `b cd Cby ::/:991, `b 7 `b hucgk, Akmaursdc. :.¸ Cds daagkmbs skagdcbs qub tbmedm pkr kjhbtk cd bxtgmagñm, nk`glgadagñm k suspbmsgñm akcbatgvds `b cks akmtrdtks `b trdjdhk bm cks qub sbd bnpcbd`kr bc akmaursd`k, dsî aknk cd suspbmsgñm k 169
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Kredmgzdagñm y aknpbtbmagd `b ñredmks hu`gagdcbs (GG)
bxtgmagñm `b akmtrdtks `b dctd `grbaagñm, sgm pbrhugagk `b qub audm`k bstds nb`g`ds supkmedm nk`glgadr cds akm`gagkmbs bstdjcbag`ds bm akmvbmgk akcbatgvk dpcgadjcb d bstks akmtrdtks sb rbqubrgrä bc daubr`k `b cks rbprbsbmtdmtbs `b cks trdjdhd`krbs. Bm bc bmhugagdngbmtk `b bstds ndtbrgds, y sgm pbrhugagk `b cd dpcgadagñm `b cds mkrnds bspbaîlgads `b cd Cby Akmaursdc, `bjbräm tbmbrsb bm aubmtd cks prgmagpgks gmspgrd`krbs `b cd kr`bmdagñm mkrndtgvd bstdtutdrgd y `bc prkabsk cdjkrdc. 1.¸ Pk`d bhbauagñm lrbmtb d cks jgbmbs y `brbafks `b akmtbmg`k pdtrgnkmgdc `bc akmaursd`k, audcqugbrd qub sbd bc ñredmk qub cd fujgbrd kr`bmd`k. 0.¸ Pk`d nb`g`d adutbcdr qub dlbatb dc pdtrgnkmgk `bc akmaursd`k, bxabptk cds qub sb d`kptbm bm cks prkabsks agvgcbs qub qub`dm bxacug`ks `b su hurgs`gaagñm bm bc mønbrk 4.¸ y sgm pbrhugagk `b cds nb`g`ds adutbcdrbs qub pub`dm `barbtdr cks ärjgtrks `urdmtb um prkab`gngbmtk drjgtrdc. 2.¸ Cds qub bm bc prkab`gngbmtk akmaursdc `bjb d`kptdr bm rbcdagñm akm cd dsgstbmagd hurî`gad erdtugtd. <.¸ Cds daagkmbs tbm`bmtbs d bxgegr rbspkmsdjgcg`d` agvgc d cks d`ngmgstrd`krbs skagdcbs, d cks du`gtkrbs k, bm su adsk, d cks cgqug`d`krbs, pkr cks pbrhugagks adusd`ks dc akmaursd`k `urdmtb bc prkab`gngbmtk. Cks Huzed`ks `b ck Nbradmtgc akmkabräm, dsgngsnk, `b audmtds aubstgkmbs sbdm `b cd aknpbtbmagd `bc kr`bm hurgs`gaagkmdc agvgc, rbspbatk `b8 d) Cds `bndm`ds bm cds qub sb bhbragtbm daagkmbs rbcdtgvds rbcdtgvds d aknpbtbmagd `bscbdc, prkpgb`d` gm`ustrgdc, prkpgb`d` gmtbcbatudc y pujcgag`d`, dsî aknk tk`ds dqubccds aubstgkmbs qub `bmtrk `b bstb kr`bm hurgs`gaagkmdc sb prknubvdm dc dnpdrk `b cd mkrndtgvd rbeucd`krd `b cds skagb`d`bs nbradmtgcbs y akkpbrdtgvds. j) Cds prbtbmsgkmbs qub sb prknubvdm dc dnpdrk `b cd mkrndtgvd bm ndtbrgd `b trdmspkrtbs, mdagkmdc k gmtbrmdagkmdc. a) Dqubccds prbtbmsgkmbs rbcdtgvds d cd dpcgadagñm dpcgadagñm `bc @brbafk ndrîtgnk. `) Cds daagkmbs akcbatgvds prbvgstds bm cd cbegscdagñm rbcdtgvd d akm`gagkmbs akm`gagkmbs ebmbrdcbs `b cd akmtrdtdagñm y d cd prktbaagñm `b akmsung`krbs y usudrgks. b) Cks rbaursks akmtrd cds rbskcuagkmbs `b cd @grbaagñm @grbaagñm Ebmbrdc `b cks Zbegstrks y `bc Mktdrgd`k bm ndtbrgd `b rbaursk akmtrd cd adcglgadagñm `bc Zbegstrd`kr Nbradmtgc, akm drrbeck d ck `gspubstk bm cd Cby Fgpktbadrgd pdrd bstb prkab`gngbmtk. l) @b cks prkab`gngbmtks `b `b dpcgadagñm `b cks drtîaucks drtîaucks 64 y 6: `bc Prdtd`k akmstgtutgvk `b cd Aknumg`d` Burkpbd y su @brbafk `brgvd`k, dsî aknk cks prkab`gngbmtks `b dpcgadagñm `b cks drtîaucks qub `btbrngmb cd Cby `b @blbmsd `b cd Aknpbtbmagd. Cks Huzed`ks `b ck Nbradmtgc tbm`räm aknpbtbmagd pdrd bc rbakmkagngbmtk y bhbauagñm `b sbmtbmagds y `bnäs rbskcuagkmbs hu`gagdcbs bxtrdmhbrds, audm`k çstds vbrsbm skjrb ndtbrgds `b su aknpbtbmagd, d mk sbr qub, akm drrbeck d ck dakr`d`k bm cks trdtd`ks y ktrds mkrnds gmtbrmdagkmdcbs, akrrbspkm`d su akmkagngbmtk d ktrk Huzed`k k Prgjumdc.
5.: Bc Prgjumdc `b Ndrad Aknumgtdrgd `b Dcgadmtb Cks huzed`ks `b ck nbradmtgc `b Dcgadmtb tbm`räm aknpbtbmagd, d`bnäs, pdrd akmkabr, bm prgnbrd gmstdmagd y `b lkrnd bxacusgvd, `b tk`ks dqubccks cgtgegks qub sb prknubvdm dc dnpdrk `b ck prbvgstk bm cks Zbecdnbmtks mønbrks :95/:997, `bc Akmsbhk, `b :< `b lbjrbrk `b :997, skjrb cd ndrad `b cd Rmgñm Burkpbd, y
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Qdjîd qub Cd ndrad aknumgtdrgd `bspcgbed sus blbatks bm cd tktdcg`d` `bc tbrrgtkrgk `b cd Rmgñm Burkpbd. Cd ndrad aknumgtdrgd tgbmb adräatbr umgtdrgk? y sñck pub`b sbr skcgagtd`d y, bm su adsk, akmab`g`d pdrd tk`k bc tbrrgtkrgk `b cd Rmgñm Burkpbd. Qu akmabsgñm tgbmb umd vgebmagd `b 49 dôks akmtd`ks d pdrtgr `b cd lbafd `b skcgagtu`, pu`gbm`k rbmkvdrsb gm`blgmg`dnbmtb pkr pbrgk`ks suabsgvks `b 49 dôks.
`ks bxtbm`bräm su hurgs`gaagñm d tk`k bc tbrrgtkrgk mdagkmdc, y d bstks skcks blbatks sb `bmkngmdräm Huzed`ks `b Ndrad Aknumgtdrgd.
5.1 Huzed`k `b \gkcbmagd \gkcbmagd skjrb skjrb cd Nuhbr Arbd`ks pkr Cby Kreämgad 4/:990, `b :6 `b `gagbnjrb, `b Nb`g`ds `b Yrktbaagñm Gmtberdc akmtrd cd \gkcbmagd `b Eçmbrk. Bm ad`d pdrtg`k fdjrä umk k näs Huzed`ks `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd Nuhbr, akm sb`b bm cd adpgtdc `b dquçc y hurgs`gaagñm bm tk`k su änjgtk tbrrgtkrgdc. Pkndräm su `bsgemdagñm `bc numgagpgk `b su sb`b. Qgm pbrhugagk `b ck prbvgstk bm cd cbegscdagñm vgebmtb skjrb `bndradagñm y pcdmtd hu`gagdc, bc Ekjgbrmk, d prkpubstd `bc Akmsbhk Ebmbrdc `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc y bm su adsk, akm gmlkrnb `b cd Aknumg`d` Dutñmknd akm aknpbtbmagds bm ndtbrgd `b Hustgagd, pk`rä bstdjcbabr nb`gdmtb rbdc `barbtk qub cks Huzed`ks `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd Nuhbr qub sb `btbrngmbm bxtgbm`dm su hurgs`gaagñm d `ks k näs pdrtg`ks `bmtrk `b cd ngsnd prkvgmagd. Bc Akmsbhk Ebmbrdc `bc Yk`br Hu`gagdc pk`rä dakr`dr, prbvgk gmlkrnb `b cds Qdcds `b Ekjgbrmk, qub, bm dqubccds agraumsargpagkmbs `km`b sbd akmvbmgbmtb bm lumagñm `b cd adred `b trdjdhk bxgstbmtb, bc akmkagngbmtk `b cks dsumtks rblbrg`ks bm bc drtîauck 65 tbr `b cd CKYH, akrrbspkm`d d umk `b cks Huzed`ks `b Yrgnbrd Gmstdmagd b Gmstruaagñm, k `b Gmstruaagñm bm su adsk, `btbrngmäm`ksb bm bstd sgtudagñm qub umk skck `b bstks Ñredmks akmkzad `b tk`ks bstks dsumtks `bmtrk `bc pdrtg`k hu`gagdc, yd sbd `b lkrnd bxacusgvd k akmkagbm`k tdnjgçm `b ktrds ndtbrgds. Bm cks pdrtg`ks hu`gagdcbs bm qub bxgstd um skck Huzed`k `b Yrgnbrd Gmstdmagd b Gmstruaagñm sbrä çstb bc qub dsund bc akmkagngbmtk `b cks dsumtks d qub sb rblgbrb bc drtîauck 65 tbr `b cd CKYH.
D. Aknpbtbmagds bm bc kr`bm pbmdc pbmdc Cks Huzed`ks `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd Nuhbr akmkabräm, bm bc kr`bm pbmdc, `b akmlkrng`d` bm tk`k adsk akm cks prkab`gngbmtks y rbaursks prbvgstks bm cd Cby `b Bmhugagdngbmtk Argngmdc, `b cks sgeugbmtbs supubstks8 d) @b cd gmstruaagñm `b cks prkabsks pdrd bxgegr rbspkmsdjgcg`d` pbmdc pkr cks `bcgtks rbakeg`ks bm cks tîtucks `bc Añ`gek Ybmdc rbcdtgvks d fkngag`gk, djkrtk, cbsgkmbs, cbsgkmbs dc lbtk, `bcgtks akmtrd cd cgjbrtd`, `bcgtks akmtrd cd gmtberg`d` nkrdc, akmtrd cd cgjbrtd` b gm`bnmg`d` sbxudcbs, akmtrd cd gmtgng`d` y bc `brbafk d cd prkpgd gndebm, akmtrd bc fkmkr k audcqugbr ktrk `bcgtk aknbtg`k akm vgkcbmagd k gmtgng`d16:
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Kredmgzdagñm y aknpbtbmagd `b ñredmks hu`gagdcbs (GG)
agñm, sgbnprb qub sb fujgbsbm aknbtg`k akmtrd qugbm sbd k fdyd sg`k su bspksd, k nuhbr qub bstç k fdyd bstd`k cged`d dc dutkr pkr dmäcked rbcdagñm `b dlbatgvg`d`, dum sgm akmvgvbmagd, dsî aknk `b cks aknbtg`ks skjrb cks `bsabm`gbmtbs, prkpgks k `b cd bspksd k akmvgvgbmtb, k skjrb cks nbmkrbs k pbrskmds akm cd adpdag`d` nk`glgad`d hu`gagdcnbmtb qub akm çc akmvgvdm k qub sb fdccbm suhbtks d cd pktbstd`, tutbcd, aurdtbcd, dakegngbmtk k eudr`d `b fbafk `b cd bspksd k akmvgvgbmtb, audm`k tdnjgçm sb fdyd prk`uag`k um datk `b vgkcbmagd `b eçmbrk. j) @b cd gmstruaagñm `b cks prkabsks pdrd bxgegr rbspkmsdjgcg`d` pbmdc pkr audcqugbr `bcgtk akmtrd cks `brbafks y `bjbrbs ldngcgdrbs, audm`k cd vîatgnd sbd dceumd `b cds pbrskmds sbôdcd`ds aknk tdcbs bm cd cbtrd dmtbrgkr. a) @b cd d`kpagñm `b cds cds akrrbspkm`gbmtbs ñr`bmbs `b prktbaagñm prktbaagñm d cds vîatgnds, sgm pbrhugagk pbrhugagk `b cds aknpbtbmagds dtrgjug`ds dc Hubz `b Eudr`gd. `) @bc akmkagngbmtk y ldcck `b cks `bcgtks cbvbs qub cbs dtrgjuyd cd cby audm`k cd vîatgnd vîatgnd sbd dceumd `b cds pbrskmds sbôdcd`ds aknk tdcbs bm cd cbtrd d) `b bstb dpdrtd`k. b) @gatdr sbmtbmagd `b akmlkrng`d` akmlkrng`d` akm cd dausdagñm bm cks adsks adsks bstdjcbag`ks pkr cd cby. l) @b cd bngsgñm y cd bhbauagñm bhbauagñm `b cks gmstrunbmtks `b `b rbakmkagngbmtk nutuk `b rbskcuagkmbs pbmdcbs bm cd Rmgñm Burkpbd qub cbs dtrgjuyd cd cby. e) @b cd gmstruaagñm `b cks prkabsks pdrd bxgegr rbspkmsdjgcg`d` pbmdc pkr bc `bcgtk `b qubjrdmtdngbmtk prbvgstk y pbmd`k bm bc drtîauck 0<6 `bc Añ`gek Ybmdc audm`k cd pbrskmd klbm`g`d pkr bc `bcgtk auyd akm`bmd, nb`g`d adutbcdr k nb`g`d `b sbeurg`d` sb fdyd qubjrdmtd`k sbd k fdyd sg`k su bspksd, k nuhbr qub bstç k fdyd bstd`k cged`d dc dutkr pkr umd dmäcked rbcdagñm `b dlbatgvg`d` dum sgm akmvgvbmagd, dsî aknk cks `bsabm`gbmtbs, prkpgks k `b cd bspksd k akmvgvgbmtb, k skjrb cks nbmkrbs k pbrskmds akm cd adpdag`d` nk`glgad`d hu`gagdcnbmtb qub akm çc akmvgvdm k qub sb fdccbm suhbtks d cd pktbstd`, tutbcd, aurdtbcd, dakegngbmtk k eudr`d `b fbafk `b cd bspksd k akmvgvgbmtb.
J. Aknpbtbmagds bm bc kr`bm agvgc Cks Huzed`ks `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd Nuhbr pk`räm akmkabr bm bc kr`bm agvgc, bm tk`k adsk `b akmlkrng`d` akm cks prkab`gngbmtks y rbaursks prbvgstks bm cd Cby `b Bmhugagdngbmtk Agvgc, `b cks sgeugbmtbs dsumtks8 d) Cks `b lgcgdagñm, ndtbrmg`d` y pdtbrmg`d`. j) Cks `b mucg`d` `bc ndtrgnkmgk, ndtrgnkmgk, sbpdrdagñm y `gvkragk. a) Cks qub vbrsbm skjrb rbcdagkmbs pdtbrmk lgcgdcbs. `) Cks qub tbmedm pkr kjhbtk cd d`kpagñm d`kpagñm k nk`glgadagñm `b nb`g`ds nb`g`ds `b trdsabm`bmagd ldngcgdr. b) Cks qub vbrsbm bxacusgvdnbmtb skjrb eudr`d y austk`gd austk`gd `b fghks b fghds nbmkrbs k skjrb dcgnbmtks rbacdnd`ks pkr um prkebmgtkr akmtrd bc ktrk bm mknjrb `b cks fghks b fghds nbmkrbs. l) Cks qub vbrsbm skjrb cd mbabsg`d` `b dsbmtgngbmtk dsbmtgngbmtk bm cd d`kpagñm. e) Cks qub tbmedm pkr kjhbtk cd kpksgagñm kpksgagñm d cds rbskcuagkmbs d`ngmgstrdtgvds bm ndtbrgd `b prktbaagñm `b nbmkrbs. Cks Huzed`ks `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd Nuhbr tbm`räm `b lkrnd bxacusgvd y bxacuybmtb aknpbtbmagd bm bc kr`bm agvgc audm`k akmaurrdm sgnuctämbdnbmtb cks sgeugbmtbs rbqugsgtks8 - Tub sb trdtb `b um prkabsk agvgc qub tbmed pkr kjhbtk dceumd `b cds ndtbrgds gm`gad`ds - Tub dceumd `b cds pdrtbs `bc prkabsk agvgc agvgc sbd vîatgnd vîatgnd `b cks datks `b vgkcbmagd `b eçmbrk.
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- Tub dceumd `b `b cds pdrtbs pdrtbs `bc prkabsk prkabsk agvgc sbd gnputd`k aknk dutkr, dutkr, gm`uatkr k akkpbrd`kr akkpbrd`kr mbabsdrgk bm cd rbdcgzdagñm `b datks `b vgkcbmagd `b eçmbrk. - Tub sb fdydm gmgagd`k dmtb bc Hubz `b \gkcbmagd skjrb cd Nuhbr datudagkmbs datudagkmbs pbmdcbs pkr `bcgtk d akmsbaubmagd `b um datk `b vgkcbmagd skjrb cd nuhbr, k sb fdyd d`kptd`k umd kr`bm `b prktbaagñm d umd vîatgnd `b vgkcbmagd `b eçmbrk. - Audm`k bc Hubz dprbagdrd qub cks cks datks pubstks pubstks bm su akmkagngbmtk, `b lkrnd mktkrgd, mk akmstgtuybm bxprbsgñm `b vgkcbmagd `b eçmbrk, pk`rä gmd`ngtgr cd prbtbmsgñm, rbngtgçm`kcd dc ñredmk hu`gagdc aknpbtbmtb. Bm tk`ks bstks adsks bstä vb`d`d cd nb`gdagñm.
5.0 Huzed`ks `b Ydz Ydrd bc bstu`gk `b bstb bpîerdlb mks rbngtgnks d ck `gspubstk bm bc tbnd sgeugbmtb `b bstd kjrd.
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