PRIMJE PRIMJENA NA GPS (GLOBAL (GLOBALNI NI NA NAV VIGACIJ IGACIJSKI SKI SISTEM SISTEM)) i GNSS (GLOBALNI NAVIGACIJSKI SATELITSKI SISTEM) U GEOLOŠKOM KARTIRANJU I IZRADI INŽENJERSKOGEOLOŠKIH KARATA NA PRIMJERU KLIZIŠTA „JUNUZOVIĆI“ SREBRENIK N!"i# T$%&' T$%&'i i*+ D$# O,"$#'i + J$,"i# I,$./'i 0 1
Mining Institute Tuzla, rudarska 72, 75000 Tuzla, Tuzla, e-mail: nermin.taletovic@rudarskiinstituttuzla.a Mining Institute Tuzla ! Mining Institute Tuzla 2
REZIME U1'&!.$ ,$!"#i2 /%'.$%#i2 #$i/$3i4,5i2 ,i,&"$ (GPS-GNSS) 4 , i6 7 71'&!.i8 S&'/$ 5'!i6 i,&i2 7 #$73i "'9 "#'/' '%$56$&i #$7:#'-i,&!$9i$:5i 1',$'8 U ''" !$;7 ,7 '.!$<# .$= 1';$&$5$ ;'.i4# GPS 7!<$4" i &!#,5i" i,1i&i$#4i"$ i#9#4!$+ & ,7 1';$3i i,5'!i6&#i i,5'!i6&#i =$ i=!$;7 5$!& 5$!& &!#$ &!#$++ i#9#4 i#9#4!, !,5' 5' /' /'%'6 %'65 5 5$!& 5$!& i =$.i%4 =$.i%49 9#i #i ,7 %"# %"#$&i $&i 5%i=i6 5%i=i6&$ &$ 5'4i 5'4i ,7 i,5'!i i,5'!i6& 6&#i #i =$ 5$!&i! 5$!&i!$#4 $#4 (175'& (175'&i# i#++ #$/ #$/'"i '"i%$# %$#4 4 "$,+ "$,+ 1'4$ 1'4$ ';+ :'#i :'#i '9i%4$ '9i%4$55 i 5%i=#$ 5%i=#$ !$$#)8 !$$#)8 N$ ',#'7 ',#'7 ;'.i4#i2 !=7%&$&$+ i=!$<#$ "'!>'%'/i4$ &!#$ 5%i=i6&$ i i#9#4!,5' /'%'65$ 5$!&$ 5%i=i6&$ *?@8 "l#u$ne ri#e$i: in%en#erskogeolo&ko kartiran#e, klizi&ta, gloalni navigacioni satelitski sistem
USE USE O GPS GPS (GLO (GLOBA BAL L NA NAV VIGA IGATION ION SST SSTEM EM)) AND GN GNSS SS (GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SSTEM) IN GEOLOGICAL MAPPING AND DEVELOPMENT O ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL MAPS AT EAMPLE O LANDSLIDE “JUNUZOVIĆI SREBRENIK ABSTRACT T2 7, '> "';!# /%'.$% #$i/$&i'# ,F,&" (GPS-GNSS) i, "$,,i%F .i#/ 7,; i# &2 "';!# !,$!328 !,$!328 T2!>'!+ T2!>'!+ &2 7, '> &2, "&2';, "&2';, i# ,3i#3 ,3i#3 3$# ;' "732 &' >$3i%i&$& ,3i#&i>i3 ,3i#&i>i3 !,$!32 !,$!32 '!58 I# &2i, ,3i#&i>i3 '!5 $#$%F=; &2 ;$&$.$, '.&$i#; .F &2 GPS ;i3 $#; >i%; &,&i#/ #/i#!,+ $#; &2 ;$&$ i, 7,; &' 1!';73 "$1, '> &2 >i%;+ #/i#!i#/ /'%'/i3$% "$1 $#; !3'!;; %"#&, '> %$#;,%i; &2$& ! 7,; >'! "$11i#/ (3!$35,+ %$#;,%i; "$,,+ $&! ,'7!3,+ >'!2$; ,3$! $#; /%i; 1%$#)8 B$,; '# &2 !,7%&, '.&$i#;+ "$; "'!12'%'/F '> %$#;,%i; $#; %$#;,%i; #/i#!i#/ /'%'/i3$% "$1 i# ,3$% *?@8 "e'(ords: engineering-geolog' engineering-geolog' ma))ing, gloal navigation satellite s'stem, landslide
INTRODUCTION
i&2 >i%; !,$!32+ ;>i#; #/i#!i#/ /'%'/i3$% 32$!$3&!i,&i3, '> %$#;,%i; 1!>'!"i#/ !3'!;i#/ $#; &!$3i#/ &2 %$#;,%i; $#; i&, %"#&,8 I# &2 $.,#3 '> "$1, i# 3$;$,&!$% '> "7#i3i1$%i&F S!.!#i5+ i& $, #3,,$!F &' i%%7,&!$& &2 &!!$i# &' $ '!5i#/ "$1 #;; >'! &2 ;&$i% $#$%F,i, '> %$#;,%i;8 '! &2i, &F1 '> '!5 '# "&! $337!$3F $, ,7>>i3i#&+ &2!>'! $.,'%7& 1',i&i'#i#/ "&2'; $, 7,; 8 A%% "$,7!"#&, ! !3'!;; $#; ;$&$.$, $, 3!$&; 7,i#/ ,&$& 3''!;i#$& ,F,&" &2$& 3'7%; . 7,; >'! GIS (G'/!$12i3 I#>'!"$&i'# SF,&",) $#$%F,i, *8 !3'!;; 32$!$3&!i,&i3 1'i#&, '> %$#;,%i;+ $#; $#'&2! 1'i#&, '> &!!$i#8 O# &2 .$,i, '> &2, 1'i#&, 2$ ;'# $# i#&!1!&$&i'# '> &2 &!!$i# '> %$#;,%i; $#; >'!"; $ 0D "';% '> &2 %$#;,%i;8 GEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS O LANDSLIDE JUNUZOVIĆI SREBRENIK Si#3 i# &2 "7#i3i1$%i&F '> S!.!#i5 &2! $! #' ;&$i%; ("$1,) '> &2 $!$+ #'! $#F "$1 '> %$!/! ,3$%+ 3!$&i'# '> '!5i#/ "$1, i&2 3'#&'7! %i#, $& Q7i;i,&$#3 '> * "&! $, #3,,$!F8 I# '!;! &' .&&! i#&!1!& %$#;,%i; "'!12'%'/F 0D "';% '> &!!$i# $, 3!$&;8 Si#3 &2i, '!5 ;i; #'& !Q7i! ,i/#i>i3$#& 1!3i,i'# $.,'%7& 1',i&i'#i#/ "&2'; i&2 $ 2$#;2%; GPS !3i! (M$/%%$#) $, &2 Q7i1"#& '> 32'',8 U,; "&2'; /i; &2 1',i&i'#i#/ 3''!;i#$&, i# !$% &i"+ $#; ;', #'& !Q7i! 1',&-1!'3,,i#/ '> ;$&$8 P',i&i'#i#/ $337!$3F $, ,!$% "&!,8 I# &2 $!$ '> $11!'i"$&%F 0+ ,Q7$! "&!,+ !3'!;; $! 1'i#&, (F+ + =)8 B$,; '# &2', 1'i#&, i#&!1'%$&i'# '> 3'#&'7! %i#, '> &!!$i# ! 3!$&; i&2 Q7i;i,&$#3 '> * "&! i# &2 ,'>&$! 1$35$/ S7!>! V8** 8 P'i#&, '> 2$ $ "'! ;&$i%; ;,3!i1&i'# '> %"#&, '> %$#;,%i;+ $#; &2i! 3'##3&i'# "$5 3'#&'7! '> %$#;,%i;8 T2 &$.% .%' ,2', &2 32$!$3&!i,&i3 1'i#&, !3'!;; GPS GNSS ,F,&" &2$& $! 7,; &' i#&!1'%$& &2 1$!$"&!, '> %$#;,%i; i# &$.% *8 Taela 1: "arakteristi$ne ta$ke kliz i&ta u dr%avnom kordinatnom sistemu Tale 1: *+aracteristic )oints o landslide in state cordinate s'stem 1
T$:5$ T0 T T@ T T T T T@ T@* T@ T@0
F;, @0 @@0 @ @ @ @0* @* @@ @ @0 @0
;, @@0* @@0* @@* @@* @@ @@ @@ @ @ @@ @*
= * 0 * *
T$:5$ T@ T@@ T@ T@ T@ T@ T T* T T0 T
F;, @ @@ @ @00 @0* @0*@ @0 @0* @00 @00 @0**
;, @@ @ @* @@0 @@ @@@ @ @ @* @ @*
= @ * 0
MORPHOMETRIC ELEMENTS O LANDSLIDE - L#/&2 '> &2 %$#;,%i; !1!,#&, %i#$! ;i,&$#3 >!'" &2 >'!2$; '> %$#;,%i; $#; &' &2 %$#;,%i; &'8 - C''!;i#$&, '> >'!2$; %$#;,%i; $! !3'!;; i&2 GPS i# 1'i#&, (T0+ T+ T+ T08 C''!;i#$&, '> %$#;,%i; &' !3'!;; i&2 GPS i# 1'i#&, (T@@+ T@+ T@+ T@) - S%'1 L$#;,%i; $, ;&!"i#; .$,; '# !3'!;i#/, >'! &2 2'% %$#;,%i; $#; i& i, $11!'i"$&%F &2 ,$" ,%'1 >'! 2'% ,%i;i#/ "$,,8 S%'1 '> %$#;,%i; $, ;&!"i#; .$,; '# !3'!;; 1'i#&,88 i;&2 '> &2 %$#;,%i; !1!,#&, ;i,&$#3 >!'" %$&!$% ;/, '> &2 %$#;,%i; $#; i& i, "$,7!; 1!1#;i37%$! &' &2 ;i!3&i'# '> "'"#& '> ,%i;i#/ "$,,+ i;&2 '> %$#;,%i; i# &2i, 3$, i, * "&!,8 - A!$ '> $ %$#;,%i; !1!,#&, $ &'&$% $!$ '> %$#;,%i; ;/; >!'" ,3$!+ %$&!$% ,2$! 1%$#,+ $#; &' 1$!&8 A!$ '> %$#;,%i; i, 0* ,Q7$! "&!,8
- T2 &2i35#,, '> &2 %$#;,%i; !1!,#&, &2 !&i3$% ;i,&$#3 >!'" &2 ,7!>$3 &' &2 %$#;,%i; ,%i; ,7!>$38 I& i, $%$F, i#i&i$&; &2i35#,, '> &2 ,%i;i#/ "$,, $#; i, ;&!"i#; $>&! $ 3%$!%F ;>i#; ,%i;i#/ ,7!>$3 '! ,%i;i#/ ='#8 T2 &2i35#,, '> &2 %$#;,%i; i, *+@ "&!, '# $!$/ ($,,7"; '# &2 .$,i, '> >i%; '.,!$&i'#,) - T2 "$/#i&7; '! '%7" '> ,%i;i#/ "$,, i, &2 "$,, '> &2 #&i! %$#;,%i; .';F8 I& i, '.&$i#; .F "7%&i1%Fi#/ &2 $!$/ &2i35#,, $#; %$#;,%i; $!$8 (0*" *+@ " @*+@ "0) - T2 ;i!3&i'# '> "'"#& '> &2 %$#;,%i; !1!,#&, $ ;i!3&i'# '> "'"#& '> &2 ,%i;i#/ "$,,,8 I& "$F . &2 /#!$% ;i!3&i'# '> &2 2'% %$#;,%i; '! 32$#/$.%8 I# &2i, 3$, %$#;,%i; "'"#& i, ;&!"i#; $, #'!&2$,&-,'7&2,&8 ELEMENTS O LANDSLIDE - G'%'/F '> &!!$i# 3'#,i,&, '> &2 ,7!>$3 %$F! !1!,#&; .F N'/# ,;i"#&,+ 2i32 %i, '! J7!$,,i3 %i",&'# &2$& !1!,#&, 1$!&, '> '>i'%i& 3#&!$% ='# '> B',#i$ $#; H!=/'i#$8 T2 &2i35#,, '> 711! %$F! i, 71 &' "&!, i&2 J7!$,,i3 %i",&'# !"$i#, i&2 ;i$"&!, 71 &' + "&!,8 - T2!'7/2 #&i! %#/&2 '> %$#;,%i;, &2! $! i#;i3$&i'#, '> /!'7#;$&!+ (i%%' $#; "$!,2 /!$,,)+ i#3%7;i#/ ,"$%% ,&!$" 2i32 i, %'3$&; '# &2 %'! 1$!& '> %$#;,%i;8 - C%i"$& '> $!$ i, "';!$& 3'#&i##&$% 3%i"$&8 G#!$% 32$!$3&!i,&i3, '> &2 3%i"$& $! i, '> >'7! ,$,'#,+ !%$&i 27"i;i&F $#; 3%'7;i#,,+ &2 "$i"7" !$i#>$%% ;7!i#/ &2 $!"! "'#&2,+ $#; &2 "i#i"7" $& &2 #; '> i#&!8 - M'!12'%'/i3$% %"#&, '# ,%'1 $! ;&!"i#; .$,; '# /#!$% "'!12'%'/i3$% 32$!$3&!i,&i3, '> &2 &!!$i#+ ,%'1 $#; !%i> >'!",8 M'!12'%'/i3$% %"#&, $! ,2'# '# >i/7! *8 - A#&2!'1'/#i3 %"#&, !1!,#& $%% &2 $#&2!'1'/#i3 i#&!#&i'#, '# &2 /!'7#; !/$!;%,, '> &2 17!1',+ >!'" 37&&i#/ '> &2 >'!,&+ !'$; 3'#,&!73&i'#+ &2 ,i,"i3 >>3& '> $!&i>i3i$% $!&2Q7$5, i#;73; .F "i#i#/ $#; ,7!>$3 ;>'!"$&i'#, 3$7,; .F 7#;!/!'7#; "i#i#/ $#; ,&&%"#&8 @ A& &2 711! $#; %'! 1$!& '> &2 %$#;,%i; !,i;#&i$% .7i%;i#/, $! 1!,#&+ $#; &2 !'$; 1$,,, $!'7#; &2 2'% %$#;,%i;8 C'#&'7!, '> %$#;,%i; $! ;&!"i#; &2!'7/2 &2 !3'!;; &!$3, (T!$/*) /i# i# T$.% 8
S%i5$ ? 0D M';%+ I#&!1'%$3i4 i='2i1,i 5%i=i6&$+ (GPS) ,'>&$! S7!>!8 i/7! ? 0D M';%+ i#&!1'%$&i'# '> 3'#&'7! %i# '> %$#;,%i;+ (GPS) ,'>&$! S7!>!8
Taela 2:/niml#eni tragovi Tale 2: ecorded traces.
Trag00 01
44.697 99 44.697 97 44.698 01 44.697 98 44.697 87 44.697 83 44.697 83 44.697 85 44.697 86 44.697 83 44.697 79 44.697 76 44.697 74 44.697 72 44.697 72 44.697 72 44.697 7 44.697 7
18.536 88 18.536 85 18.536 73 18.536 69 18.536 76 18.536 81 18.536 74 18.536 67 18.536 57 18.536 54 18.536 58 18.536 68 18.536 75 18.536 83 18.536 92 18.537 03 18.537 09 18.537 03
480 485 479 478 483 484 476 476 475 467 466 464 470 472 475 482 480 477
GENESIS OF LANDSLIDE Elements of the development of landslide are in relation to the timeline of the landslide, its development, movement and natural stabilization. !" # In$eption zone of landslide is related to the o$$urren$e of the first tension $ra$%s as the first dire$t indi$ator of the be&innin& of the development of landslide. 'his zone is important sin$e it be$omes zone (here rain(ater per$olates into $ra$%s $reated b) tension and (aterin& the slide surfa$e. 'his zone ma) e*ist and it be identified before the start of landslide and before the first tension $ra$%s. In$eption zone of landslide is sho(n on +i$ture -+rofile #/0
- Z'# '> &!$#,1'!& i#3%7;, &'&$% "$,, ,%i;i#/ $%'#/ &2 #&i! %#/&2 '> %$#;,%i;,8 I# &2i, ='# "$,,, $! ,%i;i#/ >!'" '# 1',i&i'# &' $#'&2!8 Z'# '> &!$#,1'!& i, ,2'# i# Pi3&7! 0 (P!'>i% 0-0)8
# 1one of a$$umulation is lo$ated at the toe of landslide (here slidin& masses are a$$umulated. Landslide in its $ourse ma) have more zones of a$$umulation. 'his zone is sho(n in +i$ture -+rofile 2#2/0. Elements of the development of landslide are sho(n in the fi&ure belo(, (ith t(o lon&itudinal and one $ross se$tion.
S%i5$ 0? E%"#&i 5%i=i6&$ ;'.i4#i i#&!1'%$3i4'" #$5'# ,#i"$#4$ GPS-'" 7 ,'>&$!-7 (S7!>!) i 1!'>i%i 5%i=i6&$ i/7! 0? E%"#&, '> %$#;,%i; '.&$i#; .F i#&!1'%$&i'# $>&! ,2''&i#/ $ GPS i# &2 ,'>&$! (S7!>!) $#; 1!'>i%, '> %$#;,%i;8
8 GENESIS ELEMENTS O LANDSLIDE JUNUZOVIĆI M$i# ,3$!1 '> %$#;,%i; i, $& &2 711! ,i; '> %$#;,%i;8 A& '7! 3$, "$i# ,3$!1 i, " 2i/2&+ 2i32 i# &2 #'!&2!# 1$!& &#;, &' 0"8 S2$1 '> ,3$!1 !1!,#&, &#;i#/ $!3 >!'" &'1 &' .'&&'"+ i&2 ,733,,i ,%i;8 ''& '> %$#;,%i; !1!,#&, 2F1,'"&!i3$%%F %',& 1'i#& '> &2 %$#;,%i; $#; i# &2i, $!$ ,%i;i#/ "$,,, $! ,&'11; $#; $337"7%$&;8 A& &2 %'! !i/2& ,i; '> &2 %$#;,%i; i,&, &2 ,1!i#/8 A& &2i, $!$ "$!,2 /&$&i'# i, ;%'1; i#;i3$&i#/ 2i/2 %% '> 7#;!/!'7#; $&!8
I# &2 1i3&7! + ,13i>i3 &!!$i# 7#;7%$&i'# 3$# . ,#+ $337"7%$&i'# '> "$,, &2$& "$5, >''& (&') '> %$#;,%i;8
S%i5$ ? N'9i3$ 5%i=i6&$ ($57"7%i!$# "$, 5%i=i6&$) Pi3&7! ? L$#;,%i; „>''&“ ($337"7%$&; "$,, '> %$#;,%i;) R$;i$% 3!$35, $! i,i.% &2!'7/2 &2 #&i! %#/&2 '> &2 >''& $!$8 S7!>$3 '> !71&7! ,1$!$&, &2 "$i# .';F '> %$#;,%i; $#; 7#;!/!'7#;8 I# &2i, 3$,+ $,,7"i#/ 71'# >i%; '.,!$&i'#,+ !71&7! ,7!>$3 3'#,i,& '> "i; 3%$F %$F!,8 I# '7! 3$,+ &2 !71&7! ,7!>$3 i, 2i;;#8 %$#5, '> %$#;,%i; !1!,#& %$&!$% 1%$# '> ,2$! %$#;,%i; &2$& 3%$!%F ,1$!$&, ,%i;i#/ "$,,, $#; '!i/i#$% /!'7#; ,7!>$38 L$#;,%i; >%$#5, '> $! ;ii;; &' %>& $#; !i/2&+ %''5i#/ >!'" &2 ;i!3&i'# '> ,%i;i#/8 M$i# .';F $#; >''& '> %$#;,%i; !1!,#& "$&!i$% &2$& i, ;1%&; >!'" &2 2$; '> %$#;,%i;8 L$#;,%i; "$i# .';F i, >i%%; i&2 1$!$%%% &!$#,!, 3!$35, $#; !$;i$% 3!$35,8 T2 1i3&7! @+ ,2', &2 %$#;,%i; .';F i&2 ='# '> $337"7%$&i'# $#; i#>%7#3 '> &2 "$,, "'"#& '# &2 &!, %'3$&; $& &2 %$#;,%i;8
S%i5$ @? Z'#$ $57"7%$3i4 5%i=#i2 "$,$ Pi3&7! @? L$#;,%i; $337"7%$&i'# ='# Hi/2& (&2i35#,,) '> &2 >''& /', 71 &' @ "&!,+ $#; &2 2i/2& (&2i35#,,) '> &2 "$i# .';F $!i,8
C!$35, i# $ %$#;,%i; i# &2i, 3$, 3$# . ;ii;; i#&'? - T!$#,!, 3!$35,8 - R$;i$% 3!$35,8 A#; i# '7! 3$, 1!,#&; ! '%,'? - D!Fi#/ 3!$35,8
CLASSIICATION O LANDSLIDE - C%$,,i>i3$&i'# %"#&, '> &2 %$#;,%i; J7#i='ii .F $ ,%i;i#/ ,7!>$3? W circular c'lindrical - rotationall' - E%"#&, '> 5i#"$&i3, ,%i1? W translation - TF1 '> "'"#& '> "$&!i$%,? W slide - C7!!#& ,&$/ ,%i1 i#&'? W calming stage - D%'1"#& '> %$#;,%i; i# !%$&i'# &' &2 ,%'1? W )rogressivel' sliding mass o )rogress in u))er landslide zone
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL MAP ITH MICROLOCATION O LANDSLIDE8
S%i5$ ? I#9#4!,5'/'%'65$ 5$!&$ 5%i=i6&$ (A7&';,5+ S7!>!) Pi3&7! ? E#/i#!i#/ /'%'/i3$% "$1 '> %$#;,%i; (A7&';,5+ S7!>!)
CONCLUSION U, '> GPS-GNSS ,F,&", $#; ;i3, /!$&%F $,,i,& &2 '!5 '# &2 >i%; >'! >i%; #/i#!,8 T2 ;$&$ 3$# . $,i%F ,&'!; $#; >'7#; i# &2 ;$&$.$, i# 3$, '> #; i# &2 >7&7!+ &2!'7/2 GIS ,F,&",8 A, 2$ ,# i# &2 1$1!+ $%"',& $%% %"#& '> %$#;,%i; $! ;!i; >!'" &2 ;$&$.$, >'!"; &2!'7/2 ;&$i%; ,7!F $#; >i%; "$11i#/+ i#3%7;i#/ "$1 i#&!1'%$&i'#+ $#; 3!$&i'# '> #/i#!i#//'%'/i3$% "$18 I# &2i, 1$1! ;>i#; $! &2 "',& i"1'!&$#& 1$!$"&!, $#; i#>'!"$&i'# '> %$#;,%i; !3'!;; >'! &2 3$;$,&! '> %$#;,%i;,8 GPS-GNSS ,F,&", 3'7%; . %$!/%F 7,; >'! #/i#!i#/ #;, .3'"i#/ $ #3,,i&F i# &';$F, "';!# >i%; '!5 '> &2 /'%'/i3$% #/i#!8 T2 17!1', '> &2i, 1$1! i, &' ;"'#,&!$& &2 1',,i.i%i&F '> $11%i3$&i'# '> GPS-GNSS ,F,&", $& >i%; &' >7&7! #/i#!,+ 2i32 /!$&%F $, &2 &$,5, '> /$&2!i#/ '> i#>'!"$&i'#+ "',&%F i# 3$,, 2# &2! $! #' ;&$i%; /';&i3 ,7!F, '> $!$8 R3'""#;$&i'# i, &2$& &!$i#i#/ '> 7, GPS-GNSS i# &2 ,&$& 3''!;i#$& ,F,&" .3'", i#&/!$% 1$!& '> 3'7!,, $& >$37%&F8
REERENCES * X%i5'i R8 - R7;$!,5$ "4!#4$+ RGG T7=%$ 8 /';8 G'%;# S'>&$!+ I#38+ 8+ /urer-uide *&2 S&!&+ G'%;#+ C'%'!$;' *-*+ U8S8A8 0 A7&'CAD * $#; A7&'CAD LT * E,,#&i$%,+ S3'&& O#,&'&&+ U#i!,i&F '> C$%i>'!#i$+ J7# ** Hi;!'/'%'65$ i,&!$9i$#4$ Mi'"i! M8 K'"$&i#$+ G'=$';+ * @ i=i:5$ /'%'/i4$ L47.'"i! R8 S$!$4' **8 RGG T7=%$ i G S$!$4' E#/i#!i#/ G'%'/F E%,i! B8V M$F MSCT P2i%$;%12i L$#;,%i; H$=$!; $#; Ri,5+ M$%3'" G8 A#;!,'#+ Mi32$% J8 T2'"$, G%$; i%F+ G'%'65' 5$!&i!$#4 H$=i" H8 S$!$4' /';i#8 RGG 8 !'35$!8 3'"
8/'%;#,'>&$!83'" 8 $7&';,583'"
