7 Ege B [AMIGNQ@QGM
Ig`go Ig`go canbiq canbiq{gm {gm eauegf eauegfgb gb Mafgug Mafgug egmf|g egmf|g ib eauegf eauegfgb gb ea`gng ea`gngm m iqmbg, iqmbg, ebuhcu ebuhcug|b g|b eaucaoegmf oauq{gcgm vgngmg qygog ig`go {amra`amffguggm Mafgug ig`go eauegfgb ebigmf canbiq{gm egmf|g igm ig`go nqeqmfgm gmygu egmf|g- Ib |go{bmf oa`gcqcgm {amfa`h`ggm {a`grgmgm, ebuhcug|b jqfg eauyqfg| oamaujaogncgm eauegfgb ca{qyq|gm {h`bybc ca ig`go eauegfgb caebjgcgm {qe`bc, igm eaudqmf|b oa`gcqcgm {amfa`h`ggm gyg| {a`gc|gmggm eauegfgb caebjgcgm yau|aeqy |algug h{aug|bhmg`\aege \aege byq byq ib|g ib|gig igub ub egnv egnvgg ebuh ebuhcu cug| g|bb oauq oauq{gc {gcgm gm dgcy dgcyhu hu {amam {amamyq yq caeau caeaung ng|b |b`g `gm m ca|a`quqngm ca|a`quqngm gfamig {aoaubmygng {aoaubmygngm, m, yauog|qc yauog|qc ig`go oavqjqicgm {aoaubmygng {aoaubmygngm m rgmf eau|bn igm eaeg| CCM .l`agm fhtaumoamy" ig`go ca|a`quqngm |lamgubh {auvqjqigm ca{aoau ca{aoaubmy bmygng gngm m rgmf rgmf egbc egbc .fhhi .fhhi fhtaum fhtaumgml gmla"a"- Mgoqm Mgoqm {amfg`g {amfg`gogm ogm egmf|g egmf|g cbyg cbyg igm egmf|g/egmf|g
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oamra`amffgugcgm yqfg| igm dqmf|bmrg yau|aeqy |algug hyhogyb| igm bmia{amiam |auyg oamfng|b`cgm cbmaujg rgmf |bfmbdbcgmCaeaung Caeaung|b` |b`gm gm ebuhcu ebuhcug|b g|b ig`go ig`go {aoeau {aoeaugmy gmyg|g g|gm m CCM jqfg jqfg ibyamy ibyamyqcgm qcgm h`an h`an egmrgc egmrgc dgly dglyhu hu `gbm `gbmmr mrgg- Ib gmygu gmygugg dgly dglyhu hu/d /dgcy gcyhu hu yau| yau|ae aeqy qy rgmf rgmf {au` {au`q q ib{a ib{aun unby byqmf qmfcg cgm m ig`g ig`go o caebjgcgm ‐uadhuog|b ebuhcug|b‟ gig`gn ch{`byoam, cho{ayam|b, igm chm|b|yam|b |aoqg {bngc rgmf eau{augm ig`go {amra`amffguggm Mafgug, egbc qm|qu g{gugyqu Mafgug ogq{qm vgufg mafgag ig`go oavqjqicgm l`agm fhtaumoamy igm fhhi fhtaumgmlao |auyg ig`go oamfgcy oamfgcyqg` qg`b|g b|g|bg |bgm m igm oaoeqo oaoeqobcg bcgm m eauegf eauegfgb gb iboam| iboam|bb mb`gb mb`gb rgmf rgmf yaucgm yaucgmiqmf iqmf ig`go ig`go chm|yb chm|ybyq| yq|bb Mafgug Mafgug cbyg, cbyg, |a|qgb |a|qgb {h|b|b {h|b|b igm {augm {augm og|bmf og|bmf/og /og|bm |bmf f ig`go ig`go Mafgug Mafgug igm eauog|rgugcgy egmf|g- Ybmigc {bigmg chuq{|b ya`gn yaujgib |algug oa`qg|, igm ibgmffg{ {q`g ya`gn oamngib |qgyq {amrgcby rgmf |gmfgy {gugmf rgmf ybigc ngmrg oauqfbcgm caqgmfgm Mafgug, yayg{b jqfg ya`gn oauq{gcgm oauq{gcgm {a`gmffgugm yaungig{ yaungig{ ngc/ngc |hlbg` igm achm achmho hobb
og|r og|rgu gugc gcgy gy,,
oamf oamffa fauh uhfh fhyb yb
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gyqu gyqugm gm
nhcq nhcqo, o,
igm igm
oaoqmiqucgm {aoegmfqmgm |auyg oaoqigucgm og|g ia{gm egmf|g- Ig`go nqeqmfgm byq, CCM ybigc ngmrg oamfgmiqmf oamfgmiqmf {amfauybgm {amfauybgm {amrg`gnfqmgcggm {amrg`gnfqmgcggm cacqg|ggm gygq{qm cavamgmfgm rgmf oamfgcbegycgm cauqfbgm caqgmfgm igm g||ay Mafgug, yayg{b jqfg |aybg{
5 caebjgcgm igm ybmigcgm rgmf oamboeq`cgm ia{ua|bg|b mb`gb {qe`bl, egbc ib|amfgjg gygq {qm ybigc |amfgjg-
G- Yq Yqjq jqgm gm [amq [amq`b `b|g |gm m
Gig{qm yqjqgm ig`go {amq`b|gm ogcg`gn bmb gig`gn |aegfgb eaubcqy : 7- Oamfaygnqb Oamfaygnqb {amaug{gm {amaug{gm chm|a{ chm|a{ aybcg ig`go giobmb|yu giobmb|yug|b g|b 5- Oamfay Oamfaygnq gnqbb g|g|/g| g|g|/g|g| g| ebuhc ebuhcug| ug|bb rgmf egbc egbc <- Oamfay Oamfaygnq gnqbb bo{`aoa bo{`aoamyg myg|b |b aybcg aybcg ig`go ig`go {ugcyac {ugcyac--
E- \b|y \b|yao aogy gybc bcg g [am [amq` q`b| b|gm gm
EGE B
[AMIGNQ@QGM Ig`go Ig`go Ege Ege bmb bmb gcgm gcgm oaoe oaoegn gng| g| oamf oamfamg amgbb @gyg @gyguu Ea`g Ea`gcg cgmf, mf, Yqjq Yqjqgm gm [amq`b|gm, |auyg \b|yaogybcg [amq`b|gm yaucgby iamfgm jqiq` ogcg`gn rgmf ibyq`b|-
EGE BB BB
[AUOG\G@GNGM Ig`go Ege bmb gcgm ibja`g|cgm ibja`g|cgm eaeaug{g {auog|g`gngm {auog|g`gngm rgmf oamrgmfcqy oamrgmfcqy iamfgm aybcg giobmb|yu giobmb|yug|b g|b ig`go {ajgegy {aoafgmf {aoafgmf ebuhcug|b, ebuhcug|b, gzg|/gzg| ebuhcug|b rgmf egbc qmyqc oamlg{gb fhhi oamlg{gb fhhi fhtaumgmla, igm bo{`aoamyg|b aybcg ig`go {ugcyac-
EGE EGE BBB [AOE [AOEG GNG\ NG\GM Ig`go Ig`go Ege Ege bmb bmb gcgm gcgm oamff oamffgo goegu egucgm cgm igm igm oamj oamja` a`g| g|cg cgm m `aeb `aebn n ig`g ig`go o oamfamgb cg|q| rgmf gcgm ibgmg`b|b| h`an [amq`b|, |auyg oamjgvge {hchc {auog|g`gngm
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Ege BB [AUOG\G@GNGM
\qoeau \qoeau Fgoegu: Fgoegu: \qcbuogm \qcbuogm $ Amign Amign G{ubgmb, G{ubgmb, [hyuay Ca{qg|gm Chm|qoam [a`grgmgm [qe`bc Chyg Egmiqmf , 5;;5
Chm|a{/ Chm|a{/chm| chm|a{ a{ yamygm yamygmf f mb`gb mb`gb ohug` ohug` igm aybcg aybcg ig`go ig`go giobmb giobmb|yu |yug|b g|b {aoaub {aoaubmyg mygngm ngm ibuqoq|cgm qmyqc ibyaug{cgm ig`go canbiq{gm camafguggm igm `bmfcq{ giobmb|yug|b rgmf |a|qmffqnmrg- Cagmdggygm chm|a{|b aybcg yau|aeqy ngmrg gcgm yaug|g g{geb`g bg eamgu/ eamgu ig{gy oamjgib egfbgm igub ibmgobcg giobmb|yug|b ohiaum- Ig`go egmrgc ng`, chm|a{ igm yahub db`h|hdb| oamfamgb ohug`byg| ig`go ebigmf giobmb|yug|b mafgug byq jqfg eaug|g` igub {ugcyac gibmb|yug|b |angub/ngub- H`an |aege byq, {aoegng|gm oamfamgb aybcg giobmb giobmb|yu |yug|b g|b mafgug mafgug ybigc ybigc eaugig eaugig ig`go ig`go uqgmf uqgmf ngo{g, ngo{g, bg nguq| nguq| |a`g`q |a`g`q oamrau oamrauygc ygcgm gm {aoegng|gm yamygmf g{`bcg|bmrg, egfgbogmg {gug ebuhcugy igm giobmb|yugyhu eauybmigc
9 gygq gygq nguq| nguq| eauy eauybm bmigc igc oamq oamquq uqyy cgbi cgbign/ gn/cg cgbi bign gn ayb| ayb| rgmf rgmf gig fqmg fqmg oamlg oamlg{g {gbb fhhi fhtaumgmla fhtaumgmlaEauig|gucgm qugbgm ibgyg|, {auog|g`gngm rgmf bmfbm ibcaygnqb gig`gn : 7- Egfg Egfgbo bogm gmgg {ama {amaug ug{g {gm m chm| chm|a{ a{ aybc aybcgg gio giobmb| bmb|yu yug| g|bb ig`g ig`go o {ajg {ajgeg egyy {aoa {aoafg fgmf mf ebuhcug|b 8 5- G{g gzg|/ gzg|/gzg| gzg| ebu ebuhcu hcug|b g|b rgmf rgmf egbc egbc qmyqc qmyqc oamlg{gb oamlg{gb fhhi fhtaumgmla 8 <- Egfgbo Egfgbogmg gmg bo{`a bo{`aoamy oamyg|b g|b aybcg aybcg ig`go ig`go {ugcya {ugcyac8 c8
1 Ege BBB [AOEGNG\GM
Eaueblgug Eaueblgug yamygmf yamygmf Aybcg Ebuhcug|b |aeamgumrg |aeamgumrg cbyg eaueblgug yamygmf yamygmf mb`gb/mb`g mb`gb/mb`gbb rgmf rgmf oamig| oamig|gub gub ybmigcg ybmigcgm m Ebuhcu Ebuhcug|b g|b gygq gygq g`gy/g g`gy/g`gy `gy Mafgug Mafgug ig`go ig`go oamjg` oamjg`gmcg gmcgm m yqfg|/ yqfg|/ yqfg|mrg- \algug gcgiaob| aybcg ebuhcug|b yauog|qc aybcg |h|bg` eau|gog iamfgm aybcg/ aybcg rgmf `gbm |a{auyb aybcg {uhda|b, aybcg {h`bybc, aybcg `bmfcqmfgm nbiq{, cubybc biah`hfb, igm |bcg{ |bcg{ yaungi yaungig{ g{ |a|goa |a|goa-- [amaug{ [amaug{gm gm aybcg aybcg giobmb giobmbyug yug|b |b ig`go ig`go {ugcya {ugcyacmr cmrgg yauqyg yauqygog og ig`go giobmb|yug|b {aoaubmygngm jqfg oab`bcb egmrgc g|{ac/g|{ac rgmf nguq| ibjg`gmcgm iamfgm |aegbc/ egbcmrg |ajg`gm iamfgm g|g|/g|g| Ebuhcug|b qmyqc oamlg{gb [aoaubmygngm rgmf egbc, , iamfgm oavqjqicgm {abm|b{ iaohcugyb|, cagib`gm |hlbg` igm {aoaugyggm |auyg oavqjqicgm ca|ajgnyauggm qoqoG-
[amaug{gm Chm|a{ Aybcg Giobmb|yug|b ig`go [ajgegy [aoafgmf Ebuhcug|b
Yqfg| Yqfg| igub igub |qgyq |qgyq Ebuhcu Ebuhcug|b g|b |g`gn |gyqmr |gyqmrgg nguq| nguq| |a|qgb |a|qgb iamfgm iamfgm {g|g` {g|g` < Qmigmf/ Qmigmf/ Qmigmf Mhohu 9< Ygnqm 7222 yamygmf [auqegngm Qmigmf/Qmigmf Mhohu > Ygnqm 7269 yamygm yamygmf f [hchc/{ [hchc/{hch hchc c Ca{afg Ca{afgvgb vgbgm, gm, yqfg| yqfg| [afgvgb [afgvgb Mafaub, Mafaub, rgbyq rgbyq oaoeaub oaoeaubcgm cgm {a`grgmgm
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igm igm
qmigmf/qmigmf igmf yau|aeqy yau|aeqy jqfg ibyafg|cgm ibyafg|cgm oamra`amffgugc oamra`amffgugcgm gm yqfg| {aoegmfqmgm{aoegmfqmgm- Ig`go qmigmf/qm egnvg {afgvgb mafaub nguq| eaeg| igub {amfguqn {amfguqn fh`hmfgm igm {guygb {h`bybc{h`bybc-
Aybcg Ebuhcug|b Ebuhcug|b ya`gn yauoqgy ig`go {augyqugm {augyqugm Ca{afgvgbgm rgmf oamfgyqu oamfgyqu {gug g{gugy g{gugy Ebuhcu Ebuhcug|b g|b .[afgv .[afgvgb gb mafaub" mafaub" byq |amibu |amibub, b, rgmf rgmf ogmg ogmg cbyg cbyg ygnq ygnq egnvg egnvg Ebuhcu Ebuhcug|b g|b oauq{gcgm |aeqgn hufgmb|g|b {amra`amffgug {aoaubmygngm rgmf yau|yuqcyqu igub {q|gy |go{gb caigaugn igm oaob`bcb jamjgmf gygq ybmfcgygm rgmf ib|aeqy nbugucb- Jgib Aybcg Ebuhcu Ebuhcug|b g|b |gmfgy |gmfgy yaucgb yaucgbyy iamfgm iamfgm ybmfcgn ybmfcgn `gcq `gcq {gug {gug g{gugy g{gugy ebuhcu ebuhcug|b g|b byq byq |amibu |amibubb ig`go ig`go oa`gc|gmgcgm yqfg| igm dqmf|bmrg- G{gugy Ebuhcug|b |algug chmfcuby ib mafgug cbyg rgbyq [afgvgb Mafaub egbc byq \b{b` ogq{qm Ob`byau, rgmf |algug Hufgmb|gyhub| igm nbugucb| oa`gc|gmgcgm yqfg| igm dqmf|b og|bmf/og|bmf |a|qgb gyqugm rgmf ya`gn ibyamyqcgm- Aybcg Ebuhcug|b oauq{gcgm egfbgm igub gyqugm ogbm ig`go hufgmb|g|b Ebuhcug|b gygq [afgvgb
4 Mafaub rgmf |algug |yuqlyqug` ya`gn ibgyqu gyqugm ogbmmrg, ibogmg cbyg camg` |aegfgb Chia Aybc [afgvgb Mafaub, rgmf ya`gn ibgyqu `avgy Qmigmf/qmigmf Ca{afgvgbgm- Chia Aybc Aybc rgmf rgmf eau`gc eau`gcq q egfb [afgvgb [afgvgb Mafaub Mafaub \b{b` \b{b` .[M\" .[M\" ib|aeq ib|aeqyy \g{yg \g{yg [ug|ay [ug|ayrg rg Chu{| Chu{| [afgvgb Ua{qe`bc Bmihma|bg . \g{yg [ug|ayrg CHU[UB" igm ibcg`gmfgm Yamygug Mg|bhmg` Bmihma|bg .YMB" ib|aeqy \g{yg Ogufg- Oamgmgocgm Chia Aybc yau|aeqy gig`gn iaob yaulb{ygmrg G{gugy Ebuhcug|b `aebn jqjqu, `aebn eauygmffqmf jgvge, `aebn eauib|b{`bm, igm `aebn ugjbm |auyg rgmf yau{amybmf `aebn oaob`bcb ohug` rgmf egbc yaunbmigu igub {aueqgygm yaula`g |a{auyb chuq{|b, ch`q|b, ma{hyb|oa igm `gbm/`gbm- Gfgu yaulb{yg G{gugy Ebuhcug|b rgmf `aebn eauaybcg |a|qgb ngug{gm ib gyg|, ogcg {au`q q|gng igm `gybngm ca gugn byq |auyg {amafgccgm |gmf|b rgmf yafg| igm ja`g| ca{gig oauacg rgmf oa`gmffgu chia Aybc gygq gyqugm rgmf ya`gn ibyayg{cgm[aub`gcq ebuhcug|b yaueamyqc igub bmyaugc|b gmygug iqg tgubgea`, rgbyq cgugcyaub|ybc ebuhcug|b igm cgugcyaub|ybc ogmq|bg, gygq `aebn |{a|bdb `gfb, |yuqcyqu igm gcyhu- Gmygug cgugcyaub|ybc byq iamfgm {aub`gcq yauig{gy nqeqmfgm rgmf |aibcby egmrgc eau|bdgy cgq|g`Ob|g`mrg {gig tgubgea` hufgmb|g|b, nbaugucb oamboeq`cgm |bdgy yggy egvgngm yaungig{ gyg|gm- [gig tgubgea` ogmq|bg, ca{amybmfgm gygq caeqyqngm nbiq{ oamqmyqy boeg`gm rgmf oaogigb igub hufgmb|g|b- [aub`gcq ebuhcug|b jgqn eaueaig jbcg ib{gngob ig`go nqeqmfgm {aoaubmygngm- Nqeqmfgm ebuhcugybc ybigc |gog iamfgm nqeqmfgm {aoaubmygngm- Caybcg Ebuhcug|b [aoaubmygngm eauybmigc ca`qgu, yaujgib`gn nqeqmfgm ebuhcugybc {aoaubmygngm, yayg{b nqeqmfgm bmb ybigc biamybc igm ybigc gmg`hf iamfgm nqeqmfgm ebuhcugybc- Ig`go egmrgc ng`, rgmf ib{aubmygn igm ogmq|bg eqcgm`gn egvgngm {aoaubmygn- Egncgm {gig |ggy ugcrgy eaudqmf|b |aegfgb {aoafgmf caigq`gygm, {aoaubmygn eaugig ib egvgnmrg- Jbcg ib`bng ib`bngyy chmib|b chmib|b Bmihma| Bmihma|bg bg {gig |ggy |ggy bmb, bmb, oa`g`q oa`g`qbb dgcyg/ dgcyg/dgc dgcyg yg rgmf rgmf gig, gig, |ggy |ggy bmb og|bn og|bn egmrgc bm|ygm|b/bm|ygm|b {aoaubmygn rgmf ea`qo ogo{q oamaug{cgm {ubm|b{ aybcg giobmb|yug|b rgmf egbc, |acg`b `gfb ng` bmb yauyqo{q {gig caogqgm bmibtbiq/bmibtbiq rgmf eaucaujg ig`go bm|ygm|b yau|aeqy qmyqc ig{gy oauqegn caebg|ggm rgmf equqc igm oamfgmybmrg iamfgm {amaug{gm aybcg giobmb|yug|b rgmf egbc
6 E- G|g|/g|g| Ebuhcug|b ig`go
Fhhi Fhtaumgmla
Yaucgby iamfgm G|g|/g|g| Ebuhcug|b ig`go Fhhi Fhtaumgmla gygq [aoaubmygn rgmf egbc oaob`bcb {amfauybgm rgmf eaueaig/eaig ib |aybg{ mafgug, rgmf guybmrg egnvg {ubm|b{/{ubm|b{ bmb ybigc eau|bdgy f`heg`- Ib mafgug Bmihma|bg, |aegfbgm ea|gu ugcrgy Bmihma|bg Bmihma|bg |a{gcgy |a{gcgy egnvg {gig aug {aoaubmygng {aoaubmygngm m \hacgumh \hacgumh eaung|b` eaung|b` oa`aygccgm ig|gu Mg|bhmg`b|oa egfb egmf|g Bmihma|bg yayg{b fgfg` ig`go oauqoq|cgm {uhfugo/{uhfugo {aoegmfqmgm rgmf eaufqmg egfb og|rgugcgy- [gig og|g huia eguq ugcrgy oamfg`gob caogcoqugm caogcoqugm iamfgm ib`gc|gmgcgmmrg ib`gc|gmgcgmmrg {aoegmfqmgm {aoegmfqmgm achmhob achmhob igm |ygeb`byg| |ygeb`byg| mg|bhmg`, yayg{b yayg{b ig`go camrgyggmmrg camrgyggmmrg egnvg caeaung|b`gm caeaung|b`gm {aoegmfqmgm {aoegmfqmgm achmhob ea`qo ibug|gcgm oaugyg oaugyg h`an og|rgugcgy og|rgugcgy igm |ygeb`byg |ygeb`byg|| ya`gn oaog|qmf oaog|qmf iaohcug|b({g iaohcug|b({guyb| uyb|b{g|b b{g|b ugcrgy, egmrgc {a`gmffgugm ngc g|g|b ogmq|bg igm oamqyq{ gc|a| cayaueqcggm- Mgoqm yau`a{g|| igub {amig{gy ibgyg|, g|g|/g|g| {aoaubmygngm rgmf egbc- G|g|/g|g| Qoqo [aoaubmygngm rgmf egbc oamquqy Vgnrqib Cqohuhyhoh ig`go eqcq ‐Aybcg Giobmb|yug|b Mafgug‟ gig`gn: b-
[ubm|b{ Ia Iaohcug|b [ubm|b{ iaohcug|b bmmb |gog |a{auyb eaug|g| caigq`gygm ugcrgy- G|g| caigq`gygm eauguyb egnvg ugcrgy oaob`bcb cacqg||ggm yauybmffb ig`go {aoaubmygngm mafgug, ugcryg ugcryg {q`g rgmf oamamyqcgm jg`gmmrg jg`gmmrg |qgyq mafgug igm {aoaubmygng {aoaubmygngmm- Ib ig`go |b|yao {aoaubmygngm rgmf eaug|g| caigq`gygm ugcrgy, ogcg ca{amybmfgm ugcrgy`gn rgmf rgmf ibqygo ibqygogcgm gcgm cguamg cguamg ca{amyb ca{amybmfg mfgm m ugcrgy ugcrgy-- Ig|gu Ig|gu igub igub chm|a{ chm|a{ iaohcu iaohcug|b g|b oamrgmfcqy {amb`gbgm yamygmf mb`gb ogmq|bg, oguygegy ogmq|bg, igm ca|goggm ib ngig ngig{g {gm m
nqcq nqcqo o-
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77 |aeay |aeayq` q`mr mrgg |aoq |aoqgg {amr {amra` a`av avamf amfgm gm gcgm gcgm oqig oqign n ibob ibobmb mbog og`b `b|b |bu, u, jbcg jbcg {ubm {ubm|b |b{ { fhhi fhtaumgmla bmb ib{afgmf h`an og|bmf/og|bmf ebuhcug|b rgmf gig-
L-7 Chuq{|b: \g`gn \gyq Eamyqc Cafgfg`gm Aybcg Chuq{|b Chuq{|b ig{gy ibguybcgm ibguybcgm |aegfgb |aegfgb eamyqc {aueqgygm oamffqmgcgm oamffqmgcgm egugmf {qe`bc, eb|g eauq{g qgmf igm jg|g, qmyqc ca{amybmfgm oao{aucgrg ibub, igm eqcgm qmyqc ca{amybmfgm {qe`bc- Ib`bngy {uh|a| yaujgibmrg {aub`gcq chuq{|b bmb ig{gy ibeaigcgm ca ig`go ybfg eamyqc, rgbyq Fugdy, Eubeaur, igm ma{hyb|oFugdy , oauq{gcgm chuq{|b rgmf eau|bdgy bmyaumg` - Guybmr Guybmrgg chuq{| chuq{|bb rgmf rgmf ib`gcqc ib`gcqcgm gm ygm{g oa`bngy {bngc caybfg- \a{auyb oamffqmgcgm gygq gygq oamfgoeb` egugmf cgmyhu, qgmf cgmyhu, jgegygm cgmyhu qmyc ca{amybmfgm ibub |amibub- Chuq{|b bmb yaujgib cguamg oauacg oao{qmrgb caiqiqcgm igm jgegygm ib cgmyhu yau|aeqy- Iamfgm vavamgmfmrg, {gug egvgngm ybigc ig{gy oamh`gc {auobmyggm gyg|gmmrg- Oamh`gc gygq oamlafgn {auobmyggm gyg|gmmrg ibgmffg{ |aegfgb ybmigcgm rgmf ybigc `hrg` yaungig{ gyg|gmEgncgm |aubmf yaujgib, |aea`qo gyg|gm obmyg, egvgngm |qign oamrbg{cgm |afg`g |a|qgyq rgmf ibeqyqncgm h`an gyg|gm- Ob|g`mrg gig |ahugmf {ajgegy .ib igaugn" {qmrg ngjgy ogmyq, ogcg |afg`g |a|qgyq rgmf ib{au`qcgm qmyqc ngjgy yau|aeqy ya`gn iblqcq{b h`an gmgc eqgnmrg, igm {gmbybg rgmf ibeamyqc{qm |a|qgb iamfgm ebigmf cavamgmfgm og|bmf/ og|bmf gmgc eqgnmrg- [ajgegy yau|aeqy |qign ygnq ‐eaua|‟ |afg`g |a|qgyq rgmf ib{au`qcgm qmyqc ca{amybmfgm ngjgy ogmyq yau|aeqy- Lhmyhn ib gyg|, oauq{gcgm vqjqi igub ybmigcgm chuq{|b eauq{g ‐ fugduy ‟‟\aoamygug eubeaur .{amrh .{amrhfhcg fhcgm, m, {amrqg{g {amrqg{gm", m", oauq{g oauq{gcgm cgm ybmigcg ybmigcgm m chuq{| chuq{|bb rgmf rgmf oa`begycgm hugmf `gbm ib`qgu ibubmrg .bm|ygm|bmrg"- Cguamgmrg chuq{|b bmb |aubmf ib|aeqy iamfgm chuq{|b rgmf eau|bdgy ac|yaumg`- Guybmrg ybmigcgm chuq{|b ygib ybigc gcgm yaujgib jbcg ybigc gig hugmf `gbm, rgmf oa`gcqcgm ybmigcgm {amrqg{gm, {amrhfhcgm yaungig{ ibubmrgibubmrg- Ybmigcgm Ybmigcgm {aoeaubgm {aoeaubgm |a|qgyq |a|qgyq .{umrhfhcgm, .{umrhfhcgm, {amrqg{gm, {amrqg{gm, {a`blbm", {a`blbm", ibogc|qicgm ibogc|qicgm gfgu ig{gy oaoamfguqnb hejacybtbyg| ig`go oaoeqgy ca{qyq|gm, gygq ca{qyq|gm rgmf ibeqgy ibeqgy gcgm oamfqmy oamfqmyqmfc qmfcgm gm {aoeaub {aoeaub,, {amrqg{, {amrqg{, gygq gygq {amrhfhc {amrhfhc-- [aoeau [aoeaubgm bgm |a|qgy |a|qgyq q .{amrh .{amrhfhc, fhc, {amrqg {amrqg{, {, {a`blb {a`blbm" m" ig{gy ig{gy eauq{g eauq{g qgmf, qgmf, ogyaub ogyaub,, yg{b yg{b eb|g eb|g jqfg jqfg eauq{g eauq{g jg|gjg|gChuq{|b |aoglgo bmb |aubmf yaujgib {gig ibmg|(bm|ygm|b rgmf oao{qmrgb yqfg| {a`grgmgm, oamauebycgm oamauebycgm |qugy bzbm, uachoamig|b uachoamig|b,, igm `gbm |aegfgbmrg|aegfgbmrg- [a`grgmgm [a`grgmgm rgmf ibeaubcgm
75 |aubmfcg`b |aubmfcg`b ibngoegy, ibngoegy, ybigc `gmlgu, eqcgm cguamg |b|yao igm {uh|aiqumr {uh|aiqumrg, g, yg{b cguamg ib|amf ib|amfgjg gjg h`an h`an hcmqo hcmqo ebuhcu ebuhcugygy- \anbmffg \anbmffg oauacg oauacg rgmf rgmf eauca{ eauca{amy amybmf bmfgm, gm, `aebn `aebn |qcg oa`g`qb lg`h, gygq iamfgm lgug oaoeaub {a`blbm eauq{g qgmf qmyqc oamrqg{, oamrhfhc, gfgu quq|gmmrg oamjgib `gmlgu\aigmfcgm ma{hyb|o, ma{hyb|o, oauq oauq{g {gcg cgm m |qgy |qgyq q ybmi ybmigcg gcgm m chuq{ chuq{|b |b eauq eauq{g {g cala calami miuq uqmfg mfgm m {amfgoeb`gm ca{qyq|gm rgmf ybigc eauig|gucgm {gig {auyboegmfgm hejacybd, ug|bhmg`, yg{b ibig|gucgm ibig|gucgm gyg| {auyboegmfgm {auyboegmfgm ‐ma{byb|‟, ‐cacaugegygm‟, ‐cacaugegygm‟, |a{ayb og|bn yaogm, yaogm, ca`qgufg, ca`qgufg, fh`hmfgm, {ajgegy, igm `gbm |aegfgbmrg- [auyboegmfgm {amfgoeb`gm ca{qyq|gm ygib, |aubmf cg`b qmyqc ca{amybmfgm hugmf rgmf oaoeqgy ca{qyq|gm- Oauacg gcgm `aebn gogm, hugmf rgmf eaugig ib|acbygumrg .gmgc eqgnmrg" gig`gn hugmf/hugmf rgmf og|bn ma{hyb| gygq og|bn caugegy iacgy- Jbcg oauacg oa`gcqcgm ybmigcgm {amrbo{gmfgm oauacg gcgm gogm igm ib`bmiqmfbChuq{|b ib gyg| gig`gn chuq{|b rgmf ib`bngy igub {uh|a| yaujgibmrg- Mgoqm ib`bngymrg igub |bdgymrg chuq{|b ig{gy ibeaigcgm oamjgib iqg oglgo, rgbyq chuq|b bmibtbiqg`b| igm chuq{|b |b|yaobcChuq{|b bmibtbiqg`b|, oauq{gcgm {amrbo{gmfgm rgmf ib`gcqcgm h`an |g`gn |gyq gygq eaeaug{g hugmf ig`go |qgyq hufgmb|g|b igm eaucaoegmf |qgyq oacgmb|oa oqmlq`, nb`gmf igm jbcg caygnqgm {a`gcq chuq{|b gcgm yaucamg nqcqogm, eb|g eauq{g ibjgqnb, ibla`g, ib|qiq ib|qiqycg ycgm, m, igm egncgm egncgm ibgcnb ibgcnbub ub mg|be mg|be cgubau cgubaumrg mrg-- [aub`g [aub`gcq cq chuq{ chuq{ bmb ibgmff ibgmffg{ g{ h`an h`an ca`ho{hc .og|rgugcgy" |aegfgb ybmigcgm rgmf oamrbo{gmf, equqc, igm yaula`gChuq Chuq{| {|bb |b|y |b|yao aobc bc,, eaue eaueai aigg iamf iamfgm gm chuq{ chuq{|b |b bmib bmibtb tbiq iqg` g`b| b|oa oa-- Chuq Chuq{| {|bb |b|y |b|yao aobc bc oauq oauq{gc {gcgm gm |qgy |qgyq q chuq{ chuq{|b |b cayb caybcg cg rgmf rgmf oa`g oa`gcqc cqcgm gm chuq{| chuq{|bb gig` gig`gn gn |aeg |aegfb fbgm gm ea|g ea|gu u .caegmr .caegmrgcgm gcgm hugmf" hugmf" ig`go ig`go |qgyq |qgyq hufgmb hufgmb|g| |g|bb .oa`b .oa`begy egycgm cgm egmrgc egmrgc hugmf" hugmf"-- Ibcgyg Ibcgygcgm cgm |b|yaobc, cguamg ybmigcgm chuq{|b bmb eb|g ibyaubog |aegfgb |a|qgyq rgmf vgjgu(ebg|g .ybigc oamrbo{gmf" h`an hugmf rgmf eaugig ib |acbygumrg igm oauq{gcgm egfbgm igub |qgyq |qgyq uag`b uag`bygyg- Jbcg Jbcg caygnqg caygnqgm, m, ogcg ogcg ibgmyg ibgmygug ug oauacg oauacg rgmf rgmf yau`b yau`begy egy |g`bmf |g`bmf oa`bmi oa`bmiqmfb qmfb,, oamqyq oamqyq{/mq {/mqyq{ yq{b, b, igm oamiqcq oamiqcqmf mf |gyq |gyq |gog |gog `gbm `gbm qmyqc qmyqc oamra oamra`go `gogyc gycgm gm hugmf hugmf rgmf rgmf caygnqg caygnqgm m ygibygib- Ng` bmb ib|aege ib|aegecgm cgm ibgmyg ibgmygug ug oauacg oauacg ybigc ybigc bmfbm bmfbm bm|ygm bm|ygm|bm |bmrg rg yaulao yaulaogu, gu, |anbmffg vg`gq{qm oauacg ygnq gig ybmigcgm chuq{|b oauacg `aebn egbc ‐ibgo‟, igub{gig oauacg gcgm ibcqlb`cgm, igm oamjgib |gc|b ig`go {aucgug gyg| ybmigcgm chuq{|b ygib-
7< Ege BT CA\BO[Q@GM
G- [ama [amaug ug{g {gm m aybc aybcgg giob giobmb mbyu yug| g|bb ig`g ig`go o {ugc {ugcya yacm cmrg rg yauq yauqyg ygog og ig`g ig`go o giob giobmb mb|y |yug ug|b |b {aoaubmygngm oab`bcb egmrgc g|{ac/g|{ac rgmf nguq| ibjg`gmcgm iamfgm |aegbc/ egbcmrg, |a{auyb oamjg`gmcgm g|g|/g|g| ebuhcug|b {aoaubmygngm rgmf egbc, iamfgm oavqjqicgm {abm|b{ iaohcugyb|, cagib`gm |hlbg` igm {aoaugyggm |auyg oavqjqicgm ca|ajgnyauggm qoqo\a`gbm byq ig`go q{grg {amaug{gm {amaug{gm aybcg giobmb|yu giobmb|yug|b g|b {aoaubmygngm {aoaubmygngm rgmf egbc, {au`q gigmrg gyqugm/gyqugm rgmf ibeqgy qmyqc oamfgyqu {gug ebuhcugy qmyqc yayg{ chm|b|yam oamjg`gmcgm igm oamfgog`cgm aybcgm rgmf egbc ig`go giobmb|yug|b {aoaubmygnJbcg ib`bngy chmib|b Bmihma|bg {gig |ggy bmb, oa`g`qb dgcyg/dgcyg rgmf gig, |ggy bmb og|bn og|bn egmrgc bm|ygm|b/bm|y bm|ygm|b/bm|ygm|b gm|b {aoaubmygn {aoaubmygn rgmf ea`qo ogo{q oamaug{cgm oamaug{cgm {ubm|b{ {ubm|b{ aybcg giobmb|yug|b rgmf egbc, |acg`b `gfb ng` bmb yauyqo{q {gig caogqgm bmibtbiq/ bmibtbiq rgmf eaucaujg ig`go bm|ygm|b yau|aeqy qmyqc ig{gy oauqegn caebg|ggm rgmf equqc igm oamfgmybmrg iamfgm {amaug{gm aybcg giobmb|yug|b rgmf egbc-
E- G|g| G|g|/g /g|g |g|| Ebuh Ebuhcu cug| g|bb ig`g ig`go o Fhhi Fhtaumgmla rgmf rgmf yaulgmy yaulgmyqo qo ig`go QQ Mh- 5> ( 7222 yamygmf [amra`amffguggm Mafgug rgmf Eau|bn igm Eaeg| igub CCM, rgbyq: 7- G|g| G|g| Ca{g Ca{g|y |ybg bgm m Nqc Nqcqo qo,, 5- G|g| G|g| Yauyb Yauybe e [amra` [amra`amf amffgug fguggm gm Mafgu Mafgug, g, <- G|g| G|g| Ca{a Ca{amy mybm bmfgm fgm Qoqo Qoqo,, 9- G|g| G|g| Caya Cayaue ueqc qcgg ggm, m, 1- G|g| G|g| [uh [uh{h {hu| u|bh bhmg mg`b `byg yg|, |, 4- G|g| G|g| [uhd [uhda| a|bh bhmg` mg`by byg| g|,, 6- G|g| G|g| Gcqm Gcqmyg ygeb eb`b `byg yg|, |, Gig{q Gig{qm m ygoe ygoegn gngm gm iqg g|g| g|g| rgmf rgmf yaul yaulgm gmyq yqo o ig`go ig`go QQ MhMh- <5 ( 5;;9 5;;9 yamy yamygm gmf f [aoaub [aoaubmyg mygngm ngm Igaugn, Igaugn, cayqjqn cayqjqn g|g| ibgyg| ibgyg| ibygoe ibygoegn gn `gfb `gfb iamfgm iamfgm 5 g|g| g|g| rgbyq rgbyq G|g| G|g| Adacybtbyg| igm G|g| Adb|bam|b-
79
L- Og`/ Og`/gi giob obmb mb|y |yug ug|b |b oauq oauq{g {gcg cgm m |qgy |qgyq q ybmig ybmigcg cgm m rgmf rgmf oamr oamrbo bo{gm {gmf f igub igub mb`g mb`gbb aybc aybcgg\algug \algug ‐{|bch ‐{|bch/|h /|h|bh |bh`hf `hfb|‟ b|‟,, |qgyq |qgyq ybmigcg ybmigcgm m rgmf rgmf oamrbo oamrbo{gmf {gmf igub igub mb`gb mb`gb gig`gn gig`gn ib|aegecgm cguamg eauyaoqmrg dgcyhu ‐mbgy gygq caogqgm‟ igm ‐ca|ao{gygm‟- Jbcg gig mbgy qmyqc oa`gcqcgm ybmigcgm og`/giobmb|yug|b, |aoamygug ca|ao{gygm ybigc gig, ogcg ogcg ybmigcg ybmigcgm m og`/gi og`/giobm obmb|y b|yug| ug|bb ygib ygib ybigc ybigc gcgm gcgm yaujgi yaujgibb- \aeg`b \aeg`bcmr cmrg, g, gig ca|ao{ ca|ao{gyg gygm m qmyqc qmyqc oa`gcqc oa`gcqcgm gm chuq{| chuq{|b, b, mgoqm mgoqm {gig {gig ibubmr ibubmrgg ybigc ybigc gig mbgy mbgy gygq gygq caogqgm qmyqc oa`gcqcgm og`/giobmb|yug|b, ogcg ybmigcgm og`/giobmb|yug|b jqfg ybigc gcgm yaujgibYbigc |aibcby {ajgegy `hcg` .ebuhcug|b `hcg`" rgmf cqugmf oaob`bcb gcqmygeb`byg| rgmf ybmffb ig`go oa`gc|gmgcgm yqfg|, vavamgmf igm ygmffqmf jgvge rgmf ibeaubcgm ca{gigmrgca{gigmrg- Gcbegymrg Gcbegymrg ebuhcug|b ebuhcug|b {qe`bc {gig aug uadhuog|b uadhuog|b egmrgc ib|huhy ib|huhy {qe`bc{qe`bc\hu \huhygm hygm byq `aeb aebn
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71 IGDYGU [Q\YGCG
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