HLJGK FYHLO@_OA HYVGKA KWDHL Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka Hyvgka Kwdèl gs wl ^yafgsay ^yafgsay Wl`vgys`}hy`a Vglgtakhla gl gk èygh mg ^yaihi`k`mhm p Gs}hmås}`oh+ oal eès mg => høas mg g~gy`glo`h gl khs eès ygoalao`mhs wl`vgys`mhmgs mgk èygh eg}ya~ak`}hlh mg Ohyhohs,
Wl`vgys`mhm Oh}ÿk`oh ‛Hlmyàs Igkka― 4 ^yafgsay ]`}wkhy Dwi`khma 80:> h 9>>? Wl`vgys`mhm Ogl}yhk mg Vglgtwgkh4 ^yafgsay ~ay Oalowysa mg A~as`o`ÿl mgsmg 800? hk ~ygsgl}g Wl`vgys`mhm _`eÿl Iakåvhy4 ^yafgsay mgsmg 9>>7 hk ~ygsgl}g Wl`vgys`mhm Eg}ya~ak`}hlh4 ^yafgsay mgsmg 80:? h 803: Wl`vgys`mhm Lho`alhk Hi`gy}h4 Ygv`say mg oal}gl`mas+ mgsmg 80:0 chs}h 9>>= _ws mh}as ~gysalhkgs sal 4 Kwjhy p Fgoch mg Lho`e`gl}a4 Ohyhohs+ 86%>9%80=: Oayyga gkgo}yÿl`oa4 hljgkf,hyvgkaNjeh`k,oae ]gkàfala4 73 =86 6?7:6?6 Gs}wm`as yghk`thmas4 @ljgl`gya @lmws}y`hk, WOHI Ohyhohs 8063 Eès}gy gl Gs}hmås}`oh Eh}geè}`oh Eh}geè}`oh O@GLG_ + Wl`vgys`mhm mg Oc`kg 80:9 Owysas mg Gs~go`hk`tho`ÿl gl Gs}hmås}`oh La ^hyheà}y`oh Wl`vgys`mhm mg E`oc`jhl 8039 Mao}ayhma gl Jgs}`ÿl ]golakÿj`oh4 Wl`vgys`mhm ^ak`}àol`oh mg Ehmy`m 9>>6 hk ^ygsgl}g Gk ^yafgsay Hyvgka fwg M`ygo}ay mg kh Gsowgkh mg @ljgl`gyåh @lmws}y`hk mg kh Wl`vgys`mhm Oh}ÿk`oh Oh}ÿk`oh ‛Hlmyàs Igkka― Igkka― #80:=%80:0 + Oaaym`lhmay mg kas Khiayh}ay`as mg gsh e`seh Wl`vgys`mhm gs~go`hk`thmas gl glshpas mg Ohk`mhm+ Hwm`}ay mg
Ohk`mhm+ p hw}ay hw}ay mgk k`iya ‛Oh~ho`mhm mg ^yaogsas @lmws}y`hkgs― WOHI 8003,
Gl lwegyashs a~ay}wl`mhmgs+ gk gk ^yafgsay Hyvgka ch m`o}hma m`o}hma owysas owysas ge~ygshy`hkgs ge~ygshy`hkgs
gl gk èygh mg ‛Gs}hmås}`oh Jglgyhk― p ‛Oal}yak Gs}hmås}`oa mg ^yaogsas―, A}yhs ~wik`oho`algs mgk ^yaf, Hyvgka+ ~wgmgl sgy ai}gl`mas gl kh s`jw`gl}g ~èj`lh zgi4 zzz,hyvgka,oae,vg
8
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
M@_]Y@IWO@AL LAYEHK 8, Vhkay ]`~`f`ohma4
Gl oh~å}wkas hl}gy`aygs cgeas v`s}a+ xwg owhlma xwgygeas oalaogy kh ~as`o`ÿl ygkh}`vh xwg wl mh}a aow~h mgl}ya mg wl oaldwl}a+ wlh gogkgl}g egm`mh gs sw yhlja ~gyogl}`k2 ~wgs s` las m`ogl xwg gsg h gsg mh}a kg oayygs~almg ~ay gdge~ka gk ~gyogl}`k 0?+ shiygeas xwg aow~h wlh ~as`o`ÿl ewp gkgvhmh mgl}ya mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl+ e`gl}yhs xwg s` las m`ogl xwg kg oayygs~almg gk ~gyogl}`k 89+ shiygeas xwg sw ~as`o`ÿl gs ihdh mgl}ya mg gkkh, A}yh fayeh mg `lm`ohy kh ~as`o`ÿl ygkh}`vh mg wl mh}a mgl}ya mg wlh ~aikho`ÿl+ gs h }yhvàs mg sw vhkay }`~`f`ohma + xwg sg mgf`lg mg kh s`jw`gl}g ehlgyh4 Mgf`l`o`ÿl4 Mhmh wlh ~aikho`ÿl ~aikho`ÿl oal oal egm`h ‛·― p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh ‛ ― + gk vhkay }`~`f`ohma mg wl wl mh}a+ gs sw mgsvåa oal ygkho`ÿl h kh egm`h ‛·― g~ygshma gl
}àye`las }àye`las mg kh mgsv`h mgsv`ho`ÿ o`ÿl l }å~`o }å~`oh h‛ ― , Mg kh mgf`l`o`ÿl hl}gy`ay sg mgs~yglmg xwg gk vhkay }`~`f`ohma ‛t `― oayygs~alm`gl}g hk vhkay ‛`―+ v`glg mhma ~ay kh g~ygs`ÿl4 t` 5
s`
Kh m`fgyglo`h ‛ s` ― yg~ygsgl}h gk mgsvåa oal ygkho`ÿl h kh egm`h · + p hk m`v`m`yka m`v`m`yka gl}yg ‛ ― + sg g~ygsh gl gl }àye`las }àye`las mg kh mgsv`ho mgsv`ho`ÿl `ÿl }å~`oh, }å~`oh, Hså ~ay gdge~ka+ gdge~ka+ wl vhkay }`~`f`ohma mg 8+? s`jl`f`oh xwg gk mh}a sg glowgl}yh mgsv`hma mg kh egm`h+ gl 8+? mgsv`ho`algs }å~`ohs, Gdge~ka 8 Kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl m`s}y`iwo`ÿl mg khs gs}h}wyhs mg wl jyw~a mg mg ~gysalhs }`glg egm`h egm`h 8+6: eg}yas oal wlh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >+8> eg}yas , Glowgl}yg gk vhkay }`~`f`ohma mg wlh ~gysalh owph gs}h}wyh sgh 4 h 8,:7 + i 8,7> 8,7> + o 8+6:+ 8+6:+ g `l}gy~yg}g kas ygswk}hmas, _akwo`ÿl4 _g }`glg ·5 8+6: 5 >+8> 8+:7 86: 86 + : h ^hyh ` 5 8+:7 + sg }`glg t ` 5 5 >+3> + ka xwg s`jl`f`oh xwg wlh ~gysalh >+8> oal gs}h}wyh 8+:7 eg}yas+ gs}è mgsv`hma mg kh egm`h gl >+3> mgsv`ho`algs }å~`ohs ~ay glo`eh mg gkkh, 87> 87 + > 86: 86 + : i ^hyh ` 5 8+7> + sg }`glg t ` 5 5 %8+:>+ ka xwg s`jl`f`oh xwg wlh ~gysalh >+8> oal gs}h}wyh 8+7> eg}yas+ gs}è mgsv`hma mg kh egm`h gl 8+:> mgsv`ho`algs }å~`ohs ~ay mgihda mg gkkh, 86: 86 + : 86: 86 + : o ^hyh ` 5 8+6: + sg }`glg t ` 5 5 > + ka xwg s`jl`f`oh xwg wlh ~gysalh oal >+8> gs}h}wyh 8+:7 eg}yas+ gs}è dws}hegl}g gl kh egm`h, ^ya~`gmhmgs mgk vhkay }`~`f`ohma
^ya~`gmhm L¾84 Gk vhkay }`~`f`ohma gs wl lôegya yghk s`l wl`mhmgs+ ~wgs ygswk}h mg m`v`m`y mas ehjl`}wmgs xwg v`glgl g~ygshmhs gl khs e`sehs wl`mhmgs,
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
9
Mg gs}h ~ya~`gmhm sg mgmwog xwg kas vhkaygs }`~`f`ohmas oayygs~alm`gl}gs h wl e`sea gkgegl}a+ p sgjôl mas vhy`hikgs m`s}`l}hs sal oae~hyhikgs+ hwlxwg gs}hs vhy`hikgs sg e`mhl gl wl`mhmgs m`fgygl}gs, Gdge~ka 9 Kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl m`s}y`iwo`ÿl mg khs gs}h}wyhs mg wl jyw~a mg ~gysalhs }`glg egm`h 8+6: eg}yas oal wlh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >+8> eg}yas2 e`gl}yhs xwg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl mgk ~gsa mg gshs e`sehs ~gysalhs }`glg egm`h :9 Bjs, +oal wlh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg 89 Bjs, Wlh ~gysalh xwg e`mg 8+3> eg}yas ~gsh 06 Bjs, ±Gl owhk mg khs mas vhy`hikgs+ gs}h ~gysalh aow~h wlh ehpay ~as`o`ÿl ygkh}`vh1, 83> 83 + > 86: 86 + : _akwo`ÿl4 ^hyh kh gs}h}wyh t 8 5 5 8+?> 2 e`gl}yhs xwg ~hyh gk ~gsa >+8> 06 :9 t9 5 59 Gk ~gsa mg gs}h ~gysalh ~ygsgl}h wl ehpay mgsvåa ygkh}`va 89 oal ygkho`ÿl h sw egm`h+ xwg kh gs}h}wyh, Lÿ}gsg xwg h ~gshy mg vgl`y khs mas vhy`hikgs gl wl`mhmgs m`fgygl}gs+ m`fgygl}gs+ kas vhkaygs }`~`f`ohmas sal oae~hyhikgs+ ~ay sgy lôegyas yghkgs his}yho}as, ^ya~`gmhm L¾94 Gk s`jla mgk vhkay }`~`f`ohma yg~ygsgl}h kh ~as`o`ÿl ygkh}`vh mgk mh}a oal ygkho`ÿl h kh egm`h+ mg ehlgyh xwg wl s`jla ~as`}`va `lm`oh xwg gk mh}a gs}h wi`ohma ~ay glo`eh mg kh egm`h2 e`gl}yhs xwg wla lgjh}`va+ xwg gs}h wi`ohma ~ay mgihda mg gkkh, Wl vhkay }`~`f`ohma }`~`f`ohma `jwhk ogya ygvgkh ygvgkh oa`lo`mglo`h oal kh egm`h, egm`h, Gs}h ~ya~`gmhm ph fwg `kws}yhmh gl gk Gdge~ka 8 , ^ya~`gmhm ^ya~`gmhm L¾ ?4 Gk vhkay hisakw}a hisakw}a mgk vhkay }`~`f`o }`~`f`ohma hma yg~ygsgl}h yg~ygsgl}h h owhl}hs mgsv`ho`algs }å~`ohs mg kh egm`h sg glowgl}yh hkgdhma gk mh}a2 mg ehlgyh xwg owhl}a eès ~gxwgøa sgh sw vhkay hisakw}a + eès ogyoh sg glowgl}yh gk mh}a mg kh egm`h2 p owhl}a ehpay sgh sw vhkay hisakw}a+ eès hkgdhma mg kh egm`h, Gdge~ka ? Mgl}ya mg wlh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ‛H―+ kas swgkmas }`glgl egm`h -3>> p
mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh 87> + e`gl}yhs xwg mgl}ya mg a}yh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ―I― }`glgl egm`h egm`h - 8>>> oal mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh - 97>,
h) _` wl jgygl}g gl kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ‛H― }`glg wl swgkma mg - 88>>+ p gl kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ‛I― mg -89>>, ± Gl owhk mg khs mas ayjhl`tho`algs+ wl jgygl}g aow~h wlh egday ~as`o`ÿl ygkh}`vh1 ,
i) _` wl ~yafgs`alhk ygo`àl jyhmwhma `ljygsh h kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ‛H― oal wl swgkma mg -6>>+ p gl kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl I oal wla mg -67>, ±Gl owhk mg khs mas ayjhl`tho`algs `ljygsh oal wlh egday ~as`o`ÿl ygkh}`vh1 ,
o) Wlh ~gysalh xwg gl kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ‛H― }`glg wl swgkma mg -88?>+ vh h sgy }yhlsfgy`ma h kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ‛I―, ± Owhk mgigyåh sgy sw lwgva swgkma ~hyh xwg aow~g kh e`seh ~as`o`ÿl ygkh}`vh1, _akwo`ÿl4 h) Gk swgkma }`~`f`ohma ~hyh wl jgygl}g mg kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ‛H― gs 4 89>> 89>> 8>>> 8>>> 88>> 8>> 3>> TH 5 9 2 e`gl}yhs xwg gl kh ‛I― gs T I 5>+3>, 97> 87> Gl heias ohsas+ kas vhkaygs sal ~as`}`vas ka xwg ygvgkh xwg gl heihs ayjhl`tho`algs+ gk swgkma mg wl jgygl}g sg glowgl}yh ~ay glo`eh mg kh egm`h,
?
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
_`l geihyja+ mhma xwg T H 67> 8>>> 8>>> 6>> 3>> 5 %8+?? 2 T I 5 %8+=> TH 87> 97> Kas mas lgjh}`vas+ ka xwg ygvgkh xwg wl ~yafgs`alhk ygo`àl jyhmwhma `ljygsh oal wl swgkma ~ay mgihda mg kh egm`h, Oaea T H TI + gl kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ‛H― gs}è eès ogyoh mg kh egm`h xwg gl ‛I― + p oaea kas mas gs}èl ~ay mgihda+ sg oalokwpg xwg gl kh ‛H― sg glowgl}yh egday
wi`ohma xwg gl kh ‛I―, 88? 88?> 3>> 3>> 5 9+9> , 87>
o _w vhkay }`~`f`ohma mgl}ya mg H gs 4 T H
^hyh sgy }yhlsfgy`ma h kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl ‛I― oalsgyvhlma sw ~as`o`ÿl ygkh}`vh TI 5 9+9>
S 8>>> 5 9+9> 97>
S 5 8>>> " 9+9> #97> 5 877>
Gk lwgva swgkma mgl}ya mg ‛I―+ mgig sgy gl}alogs mg - 877>, ^ya~`gmhm L¾= L¾= 4 Kh K h egm`h mg kas k as vhkaygs }`~`f`ohmas mg m g wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl m` s}y`iwo`ÿl ygswk}h sgy ogya+ p kh vhy`hlth mg kas vhkaygs }`~`f`ohmas ygswk}h sgy `jwhk h 8, Kh mgeas}yho`ÿl mg gs}h ~ya~`gmhm gs wlh oalsgowglo`h mg khs ~ya~`gmhmgs mg kh egm`h hy`}eà}`oh+ ph gs}wm`hmhs gl gk oh~å}wka mg egm`mhs ogl}yhk+ sgjôl kh owhk s` wlas mh}as sal saeg}`mas h wlh }yhlsfayeho`ÿl k`lghk+ kh egm`h xwgmh hfgo}hmh ~ay gsh e`seh }yhlsfayeho`ÿl k`lghk, Gs gs}g ohsa+ kh }yhlsfayeho`ÿl }yhlsfayeho`ÿl k`lghk v`glg mhmh ~ay kh g~ygs`ÿl4 S S T5 5 xwg gxw`vhkg h wlh mgk }`~a }`~a T 5 h " iS+ gl malmg h 5
p
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_gjôl khs ~ya~`gmhmgs ph gs}wm`hmhs 4 8 T
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9
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58
Gdge~ka = ]`~`f`xwg kas mh}as r >+ 9+ =+ 8>u + p oae~ywgig oae~ywgig xwg kh egm`h mg kas mh}as }`~`f`ohmas gs ogya+ p sw vhy`hlth 8, #> =)9 #9 =) = )9 # = =) = )9 #8> =)9 > 9 = 8> 8> 9 _akwo`ÿl4 5=2 58= = = 9 6 W Y = Kas mh}as }`~`f`ohmas sal gl}alogs4 _ + + >+ V + owph egm`h gs4 8= 8= 8= ] Z = 9 6 86 = ?6 > > 8= 8= 8= 5 > + p owph vhy`hlth gs4 9 8= 8= 8= 5 8 T T = =
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
=
^ya~`gmhm L¾7 4 Hwlxwg }gÿy`ohegl}g wl vhkay }`~`f`ohma ~wgmg mhy wl lôegya yghk owhkxw`gyh gl}yg % p " + ka layehk layehk gs xwg ygswk}g ygswk}g gl gk `l}gyvhka R%? 2 "?U , Gs}h ~ya~`gmhm gs wlh oalsgowglo`h mg kh mgs`jwhkmhm mg ]ocgipocgv+ gs}wm`hmh gl gk oh~å}wka saiyg egm`mhs mg m`s~gys`ÿl+ p sgjôl kh owhk+ ~hyh owhkxw`gy m`s}y`iwo`ÿl m`s}y`iwo`ÿl mg fygowglo fygowglo`hs+ `hs+ gl gk gk `l}gyvhka `l}gyvhka #· ¸ 9 mgigl ohgy ~ay ka eglas eglas gk :7' mg kas kas mh}as+ mh}as+ p gl gk `l}gyvhk `l}gyvhka a #· ¸ ? ~ay ka ka eglas eglas gk 33+30 33+30 ' mg kas mh}as , Oaea oalsgowglo`h mg gs}h mgs`jwhkmhm+ gl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl owhkxw`gyh+ kh ~ya~ayo`ÿl mg mh}as owpa vhkay }`~`f`ohma gs}è gl gk `l}gyvhka R%9 2 "9U gs ~ay ka eglas mgk :7' + p gk `l}gyvhka R%?+ "?U mg ~ay ka eglas 33+30' , Gl gk ohsa mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk+ gs}as ~ayogl}hdgs sal mg 07+=7' p mg 00+:?' ygs~go}`vhegl}g+ ~ay ka xwg mg gloal}yhy hkjôl vhkay }`~`f`ohma fwgyh mg às}g ôk}`ea `l}gyvhka R%?+ "?U+ kh aisgyvho`ÿl ~amyåh oals`mgyhysg oaea hkja `lvgyasåe`k+ ~yamwo}a mg wl gyyay mg kgo}wyh+ a mg }yhlsoy`~o`ÿl mg kas mh}as, Gdge~ka 72 Wlh eèxw`lh ch vgl`ma ~yamwo`glma ~`gths oal wl m`èeg}ya m`èeg}ya egm`a mg 87 e`kåeg}yas+ p wlh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >+9> e`kåeg}yas, ±H xwà oalokws`ÿl kkgjhyåh Wm,+ s` às}h eèxw`lh ~yamwog wlh ~`gth oal 87+:7 ee, mg m`èeg}ya1 _akwo`ÿl4 Gk vhkay }`~`f`ohma xwg kg oayygs~almg h wlh ~`gth mg 87+:7 ee mg 87+: 7 87 m`èeg}ya gs t 5 5 ?+7> + xwg sg glowgl}yh fwgyh mgk `l}gyvhka R%?+ "?U, >+9> ^ay ka `lwswhk mg gs}g vhkay+ ~amyåh `lfgy`ysg xwg sg oaeg}`ÿ hkjôl gyyay gl kh egm`o`ÿl mgk m`èeg}ya mg kh ~`gth+ a xwg kh eèxw`lh swfy`ÿ hkjôl mgshdws}g,
9, Owyvhs }gÿy`ohs mg ~yaihi`k`mhm4 ^hyh yg~ygsgl}hy h wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl mg fygowglo`hs ~hyh mh}as hjyw~hmas+ gk jyèf`oa eès `e~ay}hl}g }hk oaea sg gs}wm`ÿ gl oh~å}wkas hl}gy`aygs+ gs gk c`s}ajyheh, Gs}g c`s}ajyheh ~wgmg sgy oals}yw`ma mg owh}ya ehlgyhs m`fgygl}gs+ oal fygowglo`hs hisakw}hs+ oal fygowglo`hs ygkh}`vhs+ oal mgls`mhm mg fygowglo`hs+ a oal mgls`mhm mg fygowglo`hs ygkh}`vhs, Owhlma kas `l}gyvhkas `l}gyvhkas sal mg kh e`seh e`seh he~k`}wm+ kh ôl`oh m`fgyglo`h m`fgyglo`h gl}yg kas owh}ya c`s}ajyhehs gs kh gsohkh mgk gdg vgy}`ohk+ s`glma gk hs~go}a mgk c`s}ajyheh `màl}`oa gl kas owh}ya ohsas, ]hei`àl cgeas v`s}a xwg h ~hy}`y mgk c`s}ajyheh sg ~wgmg ai}glgy gk ~akåjala mg fygowglo`hs+ xwg glo`gyyh wl èygh `jwhk h kh glogyyhmh ~ay gk c`s}ajyheh+ xwg gl gk ohsa mg c`s}ajyhehs oal mgls`mhm mg fygowglo`hs ygkh}`vhs+ gs `jwhk h 8,
Kh ~as`o`ÿl kåe`}g mg gs}g ~akåjala mg fygowglo`hs sg kkheh ‛owyvh mg fygowglo`hs hisakw}hs― + ‛ owyvh mg fygowglo`hs ygkh}`vhs― + ‛owyvh mg mgls`mhm mg fygowglo`hs―+ a ‛owyvh mg mgls`mhm mg fygowglo`hs ygkh}`vhs― + sgjôl gs}geas gl ohmh wla mg kas owh}ya ohsas mg oals}ywoo`ÿl mgk c`s}ajyheh,
Gl gk ôk}`ea ôk}`ea ohsa+ sg swgkg kkhehy }hei`àl ‛owyvh mg ~yaihi`k`mhm―+ p h kh gowho`ÿl mg kh owyvh ygswk}hl}g sg kg kkheh ‛fwlo`ÿl mg mgls`mhm―+ p mgig glogyyhy wl èygh `jwhk h 8,
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
7
Kh f`jwyh s`jw`gl}g ewgs}yh oaea wlh owyvh ~wgmg h~ya`ehy hk ~akåjala mg fygowglo`hs gl wl c`s}ajyheh4 c`s}aj yheh4
s h ` o l g w o g y F
Gk oalog~}a mg ‛owyvh mg fygowglo`hs― gs s`l geihyja his}yho}a+ ~wgs gl wl ohsa ~yèo}`oa ygswk}h `e~as`ikg chogy }glmgy h ogya kh he~k`}wm mgk `l}gyvhka+ p hmgeès }aehy }hl}hs aisgyvho`algs oaea ~hyh jhyhl}`thy xwg ohmh wla mg gsas `l}gyvhkas mg he~k`}wm `lf`l`}hegl}g ~gxwgøh vh h }glgy sw oayygs~alm`gl}g fygowglo`h,
Kh ‛Gs}hmås}`oh Eh}geè}`oh― ch mgshyyakkhma wlh sgy`g mg owyvhs }gÿy`ohs xwg sg
w}`k`thl oaea eamgkas ~hyh h~ya`ehy h kh owyvh mg mgls`mhm mg fygowglo`hs
ygkh}`vhs+ p h khs owhkgs sg kgs oalaog ihda gk laeiyg mg ‛M`s}y`iwo`algs ]gÿy`ohs mg ^yaihi`k`mhm―,
^hyh sgy wlh owyvh }gÿy`oh mg ~yaihi`k`mhm sÿka ihs}h owe~k`y mas ygxw`s`}as4 h Mgig sgy s`ge~yg ~as`}`vh i Gk èygh }a}hk glogyyhmh ~ay kh owyvh mgig sgy `jwhk h 8, Kh yhtÿl mg gs}as ygxw`s`}as gs aiv`h+ ~wgs sg ~yg}glmg h~ya`ehy h wl ~akåjala mg fygowglo`hs+ p la ~wgmg g`s}`y wla oal fygowglo`hs lgjh}`vhs+ p gl gk ohsa mg wla mg mgls`mhm mg fygowglo`hs ygkh}`vhs mgig glogyyhy wl èygh `jwhk h 8 ÿ 8>>', Gl owhkxw`gy m`s}y`iwo`ÿl }gÿy`oh mg ~yaihi`k`mhm+ gk èygh ihda kh owyvh yg~ygsgl}h kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg xwg kh vhy`hikg }aeg wl vhkay mgl}ya mg gsg `l}gyvhka,
Gk oalog~}a mg ~yaihi`k`mhm gs wla mg kas eès `e~ay}hl}gs gl Gs}hmås}`oh+ p hwlxwg la ka cgeas mgf`l`ma hôl+ ~wgs lwgs}ya aidg}a mg gs}wm`a gs kh
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
6
‛Gs}hmås}`oh Mgsoy`~}`vh― p la kh ‛Gs}hmås}`oh Eh}geè}`oh―+ ~amgeas chogy wl såe`k gl}yg ~yaihi`k`mhm p fygowglo`h ygkh}`vh+ mg ehlgyh xwg kh ~yaihi`k`mhm yg~ygsgl}h wlh fygowglo`h ygkh}`vh }gÿy`oh mgs~wàs mg `lf`l`}hs aisgyvho`algs, Hså ~ay gdge~ka+ owhlma mgo`eas xwg kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg shohy wl 6 hk khlthy wl mhma kgjhk gs 8 + ka xwg xwgygeas mgo`y gs xwg s` khltèyheas ewochs vgogs gk 6
mhma+ kh sg}h ~hy}g mg khs vgogs mgigyåh shk`y gk 6, Mg kh e`seh ehlgyh+ owhlma mgo`eas xwg gk `l}gyvhka R8+6> 28,:>U eg}yas+ }`glg wlh ~yaihi`k`mhm >+=> ~hyh kh gs}h}wyh mg wlh ~gysalh+ ka xwg sg xw`gyg mgo`y gs xwg s` sg glowgs}h h ewochs ~gysalhs+ gk =>' mg gkkhs mgigyåh }glgy wlh gs}h}wyh mgl}ya mg gsg `l}gyvhka, G`s}gl ewochs m`s}y`iwo`algs }gÿy`ohs mg ~yaihi`k`mhm+ p wla mg kas ~yaikgehs xwg sg gs}wm`h gl ‛@lfgyglo`h Gs}hmås}`oh―+ gs gk mg m go`m`y owhk mg gkkhs gs kh xwg egday sg hdws}h h ohmh ohsa ~hy}`owkhy,
?, Kh Owyvh layehk4 Gl}yg }amhs khs m`s}y`iwo`algs }gÿy`ohs mg ~yaihi`k`mhm+ kh eès `e~ay}hl}g gs kh layehk+ mgshyyakkhmh ~ay gk eh}geè}`oa hkgeèl Ohyk Fy`gmgy`oc Jhwss #8:::%8377, Kh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk yg~ygsgl}h wl eamgka }gÿy`oa mg oae~ay}he`gl}a ~hyh wlh vhy`hikg oal}`lwh+ }`glg }`glg wlh fayeh fayeh hohe~hlhmh+ p sw gowho`ÿl gs4
Gl kh g~ygs`ÿl hl}gy`ay + )·) p ) ) yg~ygsgl}hl yg~ygsgl}hl kh egm`h p kh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh ygs~go}`vhegl}g +p ygo`igl gk laeiyg mg ~hyèeg}yas mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl, ^hyh g~k`ohy egday gk s`jl`f`ohma mg gs}as ~hyèeg}yas + gs oalvgl`gl}g chogy khs s`jw`gl}gs hokhyh}ay`hs4 h) Kh ~hkhiyh ‛~hyèeg}ya― ~hyh wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl }gÿy`oh mg ~y aihi`k`mhm+ aihi`k`mhm+ s`jl`f`oh wl vhkay xwg ~hyh wl e`sea ohsa ~gyehlgog oals}hl}g+ ~gya xwg ~wgmg vhy`hy mg wl ohsa h a}ya,
Gs}g oalog~}a h~k`ohma h wlh ‛M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk― s`jl`f`oh gl}alogs xwg ~hyh wlh vhy`hikg oaea ~wgmg sgy ~ay gdge~ka+ gk m`èeg}ya mg wlhs ~`gths+ gk vhkay mg )·) p gk mg ) ) sal wlas+ wlas+ p ~hyh ~hyh a}ya a}ya ohsa+ ohsa+ oaea oaea ~ay gdge~ka gdge~ka gk ~gsa mg wl jyw~a mg ~gysalhs+ ~gysalhs+ gk gk vhkay mg )·) p gk mg ) ) ~wgmgl ~wgmgl sgy a}yas, a}yas, i Gk vhkay mg )·) yg~ygsgl yg~ygsgl}h }h kh egm`h mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl m`s}y`iwo`ÿl + p gk mg ) ) kh mgsv`ho`ÿ mgsv`ho`ÿl l }å~`oh mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl, ^wgmg oyghy hkja mg oalfws`ÿl gk ohei`a mg laeglokh}wyh+ ~wgs gl oh~å}wkas hl}gy`aygs+ gs}as vhkaygs gyhl mgs`jlhmas ~ay ‛ S ― p ‛_― ygs~go}`vhegl}g,
:
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
Gs}g ohei`a ohei`a mg laeglokh}wyh + sg mgig h xwg gl
‛Gs}hmås}`oh― owhlma las
ygfgy`eas h vhkaygs ~aikho`alhkgs+ gs}as swgkgl mgs`jlhysg ~ay kg}yhs jy`gjyhs+ p owhlma las ygfgy`eas h vhkaygs ewgs}yhkgs ~ay kh kg}yh kh}`lh oayygs~alm`gl}g, Kh owyvh layehk sg h~k`oh ~y`lo`~hkegl}g h ~aikho`algs+ p mg hkkå gk ohei`a mg laeglokh}wyh+ ~wgs ‛·― yg~ygsgl}h kh egm`h ~aikho`alhk+ p ‛ ― kh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh ~aikho`alhk, o) Gk vhkay mg ‛·― ~wgmg ~wgmg sgy owhkx owhkxw`gy w`gy lôe lôegya gya yghk+ yghk+ p gk mg mg ‛ ― owhkxw`gy lôegya yghk ~as`}`va+ p sgh owhk fwgygl fwgygl gsas vhkaygs vhkaygs + sg owe~kgl kas mas ygxw`s`}as g`j`mas ~hyh sgy wlh owyvh }gÿy`oh mg ~yaihi`k`mhm ~yaihi`k`mhm 4~as`}`vh p èygh }a}hk glogyyhmh glogyyhmh `jwhk h 8 #vgy mgeas}yho`ÿl gl gk Hlga, ^ay oals`jw`gl}g g`s}gl `lf`l`}hs owyvhs layehkgs sgjôl sgh gk vhkay mg sws ~hyèeg}yas, Àk }àye`la ‛Owyvh Layehk― gs}è gl yghk` mhm ehk ge~kghma+ ~wgs mgigyåh mgo`ysg
―Owyvhs Layehkgs― gl ~kwyhk+ ph xwg sw gowho`ÿl yg~ygsgl}h wlh fhe`k`h mg owyvhs+ wlh ~hyh ohmh ~hy mg vhkaygs mg kas ~hyèeg}yas, m Kas ~hyèeg}yas mg kh owyvh }`glgl wlh `lfkwglo`h mg}gye`lhl}g gl sw jgaeg}yåh+ p hså + gk ~hyèeg}ya )·) yg~ygsgl}h gk gdg mg s`eg}yåh a vhkay ogl}yhk mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl+ e`gl}yhs e`gl}yhs xwg gk ~hyèeg}ya ~hyèeg}ya ) ) + ~ay sgy wlh egm`mh egm`mh mg kh vhy`hi`k`mhm vhy`hi`k`mhm oal ygs~go}a ygs~go}a h kh egm`h egm`h )·) + `lo`mg `lo`mg gl sw hloca hloca 2 mg ehlgyh ehlgyh xwg h wl eglay eglay vhkay mg ) ) +kh owyvh sg chog eès gs}ygoch hk gs}hy kas vhkaygs mg kh vhy`hikg ehs ehs oalogl}yhmas hkygmgmay hkygmgmay mgk vhkay vhkay mg )·) + p h wl ehpay ehpay vhkay mg ) ) ai}glmygea ai}glmygeas s wlh owyvh ehs ehs hloch+ oal wlh ehpay m`s~gys`ÿl mg kas vhkaygs mg kh vhy`hikg oal ygkho`ÿl h kh egm`h, ^YA^@GMHMG_ MG KH M@_]Y@IWO@AL LAYEHK 8 8´ Kh owyvh layehk }`glg wlh fayeh hohe~hlhmh p gs s`eà}y`oh ygs~go}a mg sw egm`h, ^hyh vgy`f`ohy kh fayeh hohe~hlhmh mg kas mh}as ihs}h oal oals}yw`y gk c`s}ajyheh mg fygowglo`hs+ p oae~yaihy xwg kh okhsg eamhk sg wi`oh gl kh talh ogl}yhk mg kh jyèf`oh p xwg h egm`mh xwg las hkgdheas mg gkkh+ gl owhkxw`gyh mg khs mas m`ygoo`algs kh fygowglo`h m`se`lwpg, Oaea oalsgowglo`h mg kh s`eg}yåh ygs~go}a mg kh egm`h+ khs m`fgygl}gs egm`mhs mg mgfayeho`ÿl khs owhkgs mgigl mhy ogya, 9´ Gl kh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk+ Layehk+ kh egm`h+ kh egm`hlh p kh eamh oa`lo`mgl, oa`lo`mgl ,
8
a
Kh mgeas}yho`ÿl mg gs}hs ~ya~`gmhmgs ~ya~`gmhmgs h~hygog gl gk gk Hlga L 8
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
3
?´ Gl gk `l}gyvhka # · ¸ mgigl ohgy gk 63+9:' mg kas mh}as ewgs}yhkgs + gl gk `l}gyvhka # · ¸ 9 mgigl ohgy gk 07+=7' mg kas mh}as ewgs}yhkgs + p gl gk gk `l}gyvhka # · ¸ ? mgigl ohgy gk 00+:?' mg kas mh}as ewgs}yhkgs ewgs}yhkgs ,
=´ Kh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk gs wlh owyvh egsaoôy}`oh+ ~hyh kh owhk gk oagf`o`gl}g eaegl}a mg owy}as`s vhkg ? + p gk oagf`o`gl}g ~gyogl}åk`oa mg owy}as`s vhkg >+96?, 7¾ Kas ~wl}as · ¸ sal ‛~wl}as mg `lfkg`ÿl―+ gs mgo`y + ~wl}as malmg ohei`h kh oalohv`mhm mg kh owyvh ,
Gs}h gs kh g~k`oho`ÿl g~k`oho`ÿl jgaeà}y`oh jgaeà}y`oh mgk ~ayxwg+ owhlma gk vhkay vhkay mgk mgk ~hyèeg ~hyèeg}ya }ya ‛ ― hwegl}h+ kh owyvh sg glshloch+ oaea sg `kws}yh gl kh f`jwyh4
Hk glshlochysg kh owyvh+ ~`gymg èygh h ka hk}a+ hk}a+ p jhlh èygh h ka hloca+ ~wgs ~hyh heihs owyvhs gk èygh ~ay mgihda gs `jwhk h 8,
? Wsa mg kh }hikh Layehk 4 Owhlma gl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk `l}gygsh ohkowkhy kh ~yaihi`k`mhm a fygowglo`h ygkh}`vh }gÿy`oh xwg mgigyåh }glgy wl mg}gye`lhma `l}gyvhka+ gs lgogshy`a+ hk `jwhk xwg gl owhkxw`gy a}yh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl oal}`lwh+ gloal}yhy gk èygh ihda kh owyvh+ gl gsg `l}gyvhka, Kh mg}gye`lho`ÿl mgk èygh ihda kh owyvh ~wgmg chogysg gl jglgyhk+ ~ay wl
~yaogm`e`gl}a eh}geè}`oa oalao`ma oaea ‛`l}gjyho`ÿl―,
_`l geihyja+ gl gk ohsa gs~goåf`oa mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk gs}g ~yaogm`e`gl}a fyhohsh+ ~wgs sw fwlo`ÿl mg mgls`mhm la sg ~wgmg `l}gjyhy, ^hyh ygsakvgy gs}g ~yaikgeh+ sg w}`k`tÿ a}ya ~yaogm`e`gl}a oalao`ma oaea
‛`l}gjyho`ÿl lweày`oh―+ ~hyh gkhiayhy kh kkhehmh ‛]hikh Layehk ‛,
Kh }hikh layehk ~gye`}g ohkowkhy kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg xwg wlh aisgyvho`ÿl sgh `jwhk a eglay xwg wlh mg}gye`lhmh hiso`sh ) s) # Fwlo`ÿl mg m`s}y`iwo`ÿl, M`och
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
0
~yaihi`k`mhm v`glg mhmh ~ay gk èygh ihda kh owyvh+ h kh `txw`gymh mg kh hiso`sh ) s) + }hk oaea sg ewgs}yh gl kh f`jwyh4
_`l geihyja+ oaea g`s}gl `lf`l`}hs owyvhs layehkgs+ p la gs ~as`ikg gkhiayhy wlh }hikh ~hyh ohmh wlh mg gkkhs+ gkkhs+ p }amhs gs}hs `lf`l`}hs }hikhs }hikhs chl s`ma ygmwo`mhs h wlh sakh+ xwg sg ygf`gyg h kas vhkaygs }`~`f`ohmas,
Hk }`~`f`ohy kas vhkaygs mg wlh layehk owhkxw`gyh ‛S―+ egm`hl}g kh }yhlsfayeho`ÿl4 T 5
S %
+ kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl ygswk}hl}g gs a}yh layehk oal egm`h > p vhy`hlth 8+ xwg
sg oalaog oaea ‛Layehk ]`~`f`ohmh a Gs}èlmhy―, Gl gk Hlga+ sg glowgl}yhl glowgl}yhl khs s`jw`gl}gs }hikhs ~hyh kh layehk }`~`f`ohmh }`~`f`ohmh a gs}èlmhy4 ]hikh 9,84 ^ya~ayo`alh gk èygh gl}yg > p t + ~hyh m`vgysas vhkaygs mg ‛t― oal ma s o`fyhs mgo`ehkgs,
Gk gl}gya p kh ~y`egyh o`fyh mgo`ehk mg ‛t― sg kggl gl kh f`kh+ e`gl}yhs xwg kh sgjwlmh o`fyh mgo`ehk mg ‛t― + sg kgg gl kh oakwelh, Gl gk oywog mg kh f`kh oal kh oak welh+ sg kgg gk èygh oayygs~alm`gl}g, Hså ~ay gdge~ka+ s` xwgygeas xwgygeas chkkhy gk èygh gl}yg > p 8+:3 + sg kgg gl gk oywog mg kh f`kh 8+: oal kh oakwelh >+>3+ p sg glowgl}yh >+=697+ xwg yg~ygsgl}h gk èygh iwsohmh, Gl ohsa mg xwg ‛t― sgh lgjh}`va+ sg gl}yh oal sw vhkay hisakw}a+ ~wgs ~ay s`eg}yåh gk èygh gl}yg > p t+ gk `jwhk hk èygh gl}yg > p ‟t , ]hikh 9,94 ^ya~ayo`alh m`vgyshs èyghs+ ~hyh m`fgygl}gs vhkaygs mg ‛t― oal mas o`fyhs mgo`ehkgs, Kh laeglokh}wyh xwg w}`k`th gs4 #t 5 Hygh xwg gl kh Layehk Layehk }`~`f`ohmh chp mgsmg )"t) h kh `txw`gymh , #%t 5 Hygh xwg gl kh Layehk Layehk }`~`f`ohmh chp mgsmg )%t) h kh `txw`gymh , M#t 5 Hygh xwg gl kh Layehk }`~`f`ohmh chp gl}yg )%t) p )"t) ,
8>
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
_` ~ay gdge~ka+ sg gl}yh gl kh ]hikh 9,9 oal gk vhkay 8+:3+ sg kgg4 #8+:3 5 >+0697 5 Hygh ihda kh owyvh mg 8+:3 cho`h h kh `txw`gymh , #%8+:3 5 >+>?:7 >+>?:7 5 Hygh ihda kh owyvh mg %8+:3 cho`h h kh `txw`gymh, M#8+:3 5 >+09=0 5 Hygh ihda kh owyvh gl}yg )%8+:3) p )"8+:3) Ygswk}h aiv`a xwg #t gs s`ge~yg ehpay xwg >+7 p #%t s`ge~yg eglay xwg >+7, Gl}yg gs}as }ygs vhkaygs g`s}g ygkho`ÿl+ p h ~hy}`y mg wla mg gkkas+ ~wgmgl sgy mgmwo`mas kas a}ya mas+ ~wgs ~ay s`eg}yåh sg }`glg4 #%t 5 8% #t M#t 5 #t % #% t 5 #t ‟ #8% #t 5 9 #t %8 ^hyh oaeam`mhm mgk wswhy`a+ kh }hikh mh kas }ygs vhkaygs, Hxwgkkas kgo}aygs xwg }gljhl wlh ohkowkhmayh mg iaks`kka ~yajyhehikg+ p mgsggl `loay~ayhy kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk gs}èlmhy + ~wgmgl `l}yamwo`y gl gkkh kh s`jw`gl}g fÿyewkh lweày`oh+ xwg ~ya~ayo`alh wlh h~ya`eho`ÿl ewp ewp sh}`sfho}ay`h ~hyh #t4 #t
8%
8 g 9
# 3? t ?78) t 769 :>? 867 t
2
> ; t ; 7,7
Gl}yg kas vhkaygs mg kh }hikh 9,8 p kh 9,9+ }hei`àl g`s}g ygkho`ÿl+ p wlh mg khs }hikhs ~wgmg sgy mgmwo`mh mg kh a}yh +~wgs4 #t 5 >+7>>> " Hygh xwg gl}yg > p t , #%t 5 >+7>>> % Hygh xwg gl}yg gl}yg > p t , M#t 5 Maikg mgk Hygh xwg gl}yg > p t , Gs `e~ay}hl}g `e~ay}hl}g mgs}hohy xwg gk gk mae`l`a }gÿy`oa mg kh owyvh layehk gs}èlmhy gs #% + " + ~gya mhma gl}yg ‟? p "? sg glowgl}yh gk 00+:?' mg sw èygh+ ~wgmgl chogysg khs s`jw`gl}gs h~ya`eho`algs4 #t 8 ~hyh t < ? #t > ~hyh t ; % ? M#t 8 ~hyh t < ? ]hikh 9,?4 ^ya~ayo`alh gk vhkay mg ‛t― ‛t― + mhmh gk èygh h kh `txw`gymh+ a gk èygh ogl}yhk ogl}yhk gl}yg ‟t p "t , Hså ~ay gdge~ka + s` sg xw`gyg mg}gye`lhy owhk gs gk vhkay mg ―t― xwg mgdh h kh `txw`gymh wl èygh mgk =>' ÿ >+=>+ hkkå hkkå sg kgg xwg gs}h hiso`sh gs t 5 %>+97? ,
Gv`mgl}gegl}g+ owhlma gs}h èygh h kh `txw`gymh gs eglas mgk 7>' + gk vhkay mg ‛t― gs lgjh}`va+ p owhlma gs eès m gk 7>'+ gk vhkay mg ‛t― gs ~as`}`va+ ~wgs kh egm`h xwg gs >+ mgdh h kh `txw`gymh gk 7>',
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
88
Gl ohsa mg xwg gk èygh xwg sg }gljh sgh h kh mgygoch+ chp xwg ygs}hykh mg 8 ~hyh ai}glgy gk èygh h kh `txw`gymh+ p ~amgy gl}yhy h kh }hikh, ^ay gdge~ka+ ~hyh gloal}yhy gk vhkay mg ‛t― xwg mgdh h kh mgygoch wl èygh mg >+97+ sg ygs}h 8% >+97 5 >+:7+ sg gl}yh gl kh }hikh oal wl èygh mg >+:7 h kh `txw`gymh+ p sg kgg t5 >+6:= , _` gk èygh xwg sg }`glg gs ogl}yhk+ gs mgo`y gl}yg ‟t p " t+ gk vhkay mg ‛t― ‛ t― sg kgg gl kh a}yh oakwelh,
Hså ~ay gdge~ka+ s` sg xw`gyg mg}gye`lhy gk vhkay mg ‛t― xwg mgdh wl èygh ogl}yhk mgk 6>' ÿ >+6>+ sg glowgl}yh t5 >+3=9, Gl kh }hikh sÿka sg kgg gk vhkay ~as`}`va+ ~gya kh kgo}wyh mgig `l}gy~yg}hysg oaea + p hså ~ay gdge~ka+ kh kgo}wyh hl}gy`ay s`jl`f`oh xwg gl}yg ‟>+3=9 p ">+3=9+ sg glowgl}yh wl èygh mg >+6> , Lÿ}gsg xwg gs}g e`sea ygswk}hma mg >+3=9 ~wgmg sgy ai}gl`ma+ gl}yhlma gl kh e`seh ]hikh 9,? oal wl èygh mg >+9> p mg >+3> cho`h kh `txw`gymh+ p kgpglma gk
vhkay mg ‛t―+ ~wgs aiv`hegl}g gk vhkay mg ‛t― xwg oal}gljh wl èygh ogl}yhk mg >+6>+ mgdhyh >+9> h kh `txw`gymh mgsmg gk lgjh}`va+ p >+3> h kh `txw`gymh mgsmg gk ~as`}`va, Gdge~ka 64 Gk oal}gl`ma mg wlas wlas glvhsgs s`jwg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk layehk oal egm`h 3>> jyheas p mgsv`ho`ÿl gs}èlmhy => jyheas, Glowgl}yg gk ~ayogl}hdg mg glvhsgs owpa oal}gl`ma gs}è4 h ^ay mgihda mg 0>> jyheas, jyheas, i ^ay mgihda mg :7> jyheas, jyheas, o ^ay glo`eh mg 39> jyheas m ^ay glo`eh mg :?> jyheas g Gl}yg 39> p 37> jyheas, jyheas, f Gl}yg :>> p :7> jyheas, j Gl}yg :=> p 30> jyheas, jyheas, c Gl gk `l}gyvhka #3>> 7> jyheas _akwo`ÿl 4 Gk såeiaka såeiaka ‛ ― sg kgg ‛sg m`s}y`iw m`s}y`iwpg― pg― + mg ehlgyh ehlgyh xwg s` s` sg yg~ygsgl}h yg~ygsgl}h 9 ~ay ‛S― hk oal}gl`ma mg wl glvhsg owhkxw`gyh+ }glgeas4 S L#3>>2 => ,
Kh ‛L― hiygv`h ‛M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk―+ p khs mas o`fyhs mgl}ya mgk ~hyàl}gs`s yg~ygsgl}hl kh egm`h p kh vhy`hlth ygs~go}`vhegl}g,
Kh ‛^― hiygv`h ‛^yaihi`k`mhm― a ‛Fygowglo`h Ygkh}`vh ]gÿy`oh― , 0>> 3>> 5 ^#T;9+7>5 #9+7> 5 >+00?35 00+?3' => :7> 3>> 3>> ^#S;:7> 5 ^#T; 5 ^#T; %8+975 #%8+97 5 >+8>765 8>+76' => 39> 3>> ^#S<39> 5 ^#T< 5 ^#T<>+7>5 8% #>+7> 5 8% >+60875 >+?>37 => :?> 3>> 3>> ^#S<:?> 5 ^#T< 5 ^#T<%8+:75 8% #%8+:7 5 8% >+>=>85 >+0700 => 39> 3>> 37> 3>> ^#39>;S;37> 5 ^# ;T; 5 ^#>+7>;T;8+97 5 => =>
h ^#S;0>> 5 ^#T; i o m g
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
89
#8+97 % #>+7> 5 >+30== ‟ >+6087 5 >+9>90 5 9>+90' Hokhyh}ay`hs4 Gl m`s}y`iwo`algs oal}`lwhs mg ~yaihi`k`mhm+ àk èygh ihda kh owyvh gs kh e`seh ~hyh gk `l}gyvhka hi`gy}a xwg ~hyh gk ogyyhma, ^ay gs}g ea}`va+ kh ygs~wgs}h sgyåh kh e`seh+ s` sg `l}gy~yg}hyh ^#39> S 37> , _` gs}g e`sea ~yaikgeh sg ygsakv`gyh oal kh ]hikh 9,8+ chiyåh xwg ygs}hy khs mas èyghs+ ~ay gs}hy mgk e`sea khma mg kh egm`h+ p sg }glmyåh4 ^#39>;S;37> 5 ^#>+7>; T; 8+97 5 >+?0== ‟ >+8087 5 >+9>90 5 9>+90 ' , :>> 3>> :7> 3>> 3>> f ^#:>>;S;:7> 5 ^# ;T; 5 ^#%9+7> ;T; %8+97 5 => => #%8+97 % #%9+7> 5 >+8>76 ‟ >+>>69 5 >+>00= 5 0+0= ' :=> 3>> 30> 3>> j ^#:=>;S;30> 5 ^# ;T; 5 ^#%8+7> ;T; 9+97 5 => => #9+97 % #%8+7> 5 >+03:3 ‟ >+>663 5 >+098> 5 09+8> ' Hokhyh}ay`h4 Oal kh }hikh 9,8+ sgyåh ~ygo`sa swehy khs èyghs+ ~wgs kas g}ygeas mgk `l}gyvhka sg glowgl}yhl gl ~as`o`algs a~wgs}hs mg kh egm`h, ^#:=>;S;30> 5 ^#%8+7> ;T; 9+97 5 >+=3:3 " >+=??9 5 >+098> 5 09+8>' :7> 3>> 37> 3>> ;T; 5 ^#%8+97 ; T; 8+97 5 => => M#8+97 5 >+::3: 5 ::+3: '
c ^#:7>;S;37> 5 ^#
Gdge~ka,:4 Wsg khs }hikhs mg kh Layehk Gs}èlmhy + ~hyh gloal}yhy gk a kas vhkaygs mg ‛t― xwg owe~kgl kh s`jw`gl}g oalm`o`ÿl4 h Gk èygh gl}yg % >, 77 p ‛t― gs 4 >,693> i Gk Gk èygh gl}yg % >,:> p ‛t― gs 4 >,>0:= _akwo`ÿl 4 h Gl gs}g ohsa g`s}g wlh sakh sakwo`ÿl+ p gs}è h kh mgygoch mg ‟>+77+ ~wgs h kh `txw`gymh gs `e~as`ikg xwg g`s}h ~ay mgihda mg ‟>+77 xwg hihyxwg wl èygh mg >+693>
^hyh gloal}yhy ‛t― + sg }`glg4 #t % #%>+77 5 >+693>
#t 5 #%>+77 " >+693> #t 5>+9089 " >+693> 5 >+0809 _gjôl ]hikh 89,9 t 5 8+=> _gjôl }hikh 9,8 4 Hygh mg > h t 5 >+0809%>+7 5>+=809 t 5 8+=>
Oal kh ]hikh 9,?+ la sgyåh ~as`ikg mg}gye`lhy gho}hegl}g gk vhkay mg ‛t―+ ~wgs la h~hygog gho}hegl}g gk vhkay mg ‛t― xwg mgdh wl èygh h kh `txw`gymh mg >+0809, _`
sg h~ya`eh gs}h èygh h >+09+ sg }glmyåh4 t 8+=>7 i Gl gs}g ohsa g`s}gl mas sakwo`algs+ wlh h kh `txw`gymh p a}yh h kh mgygoch, ^hyh gloal}yhy kh sakwo`ÿl h kh mgygoch mg ‟>+:> + sg }`glg4
8?
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
#t % #%>+:> 5 >+>0:= #t 5 #%>+:> " >+>0:=5 >+9=9> " >+>0:= 5 >+??0= _gjôl }hikh 9,9 ‛t ‛ gs wl vhkay oae~yglm`ma gl}yg %>+=8 p %>+=9 + t %>+=87 _gjôl }hikh 9,? 9,? p h~ya`ehlma gk èygh èygh h >+?= 4 t %>+=89 _` sg xw`s`gyh mg}gye`lhy gs}g vhkay mg wlh ehlgyh eès ~ygo`sh+ sgyåh lgogshy`a h~k`ohy khs }àol`ohs mg `l}gy~akho`ÿl k`lghk g~k`ohmhs gl gk Oh~å}wka @@+ ka xwg sg mgdh oaea }geh mg `lvgs}`jho`ÿl ~hyh gk kgo}ay, ^hyh gloal}yhy kh a}yh sakwo`ÿl h kh `txw`gymh mg ‟>+:> + sg }`glg4 #%>+:> % #t 5 >+>0:= #t 5 #%>+:> % >+>0:=5 >+9=9> % >+>0:= 5 >+8==6 _gjôl ]hikh 9,9 t 5 %8+>6 _gjôl ]hikh 9,? p h~ya`ehlma gk èygh h >+8= 4 t % 8+>3 _gjôl ]hikh 9, 84 Hygh mg > h t 5 >+7 ‟ >+8==6 5 >+?77= t 5 %8+>6 Gdge~ka 3 4 _w~aljheas xwg wl ~yaogsa fhiy`oh ~`gths owph kalj`}wm s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk oal egm`h :9,7> ee p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >,9> ee, Ohkowkhy khs s`jw`gl}gs ~yaihi`k`mhmgs4 h Xwg wlh ~`gth e`mh eglas mg :9,3> ee , i Xwg wlh ~`gth e`mh eglas mg :9,8> ee , o Xwg wlh ~`gth e`mh eès mg :9,6> ee m Xwg wlh ~`gth oh`jh gl gk `l}gyvhka `l}gyvhka #:9,87 2 :9,:7 ee , g Xwg wlh ~`gth oh`jh gl gk `l}gyvhka #:9,7> ¸ >,?7 ee , _akwo`ÿl 4 ‛S―5 Kalj`}wm mg wlh ~`gth
L # :9,7> 2 >,9> 9
:9,3> :9,7> 5 ^ # T ; 8,7> 5 #8,7> 5 >,0?99 >,9> :98> 98 , > :9,7> i ^ # S :9,8> 5 ^ # T ; 5 ^ # T ; %9 5 #%9 5 >,>993 >,9> :9,6> :9,7> o ^ # S < :9,6> 5 ^ # T < 5 ^ # T < >,7> 58% #>,7> 5 >,9> 8 % >,6087 5 >,?>37 :987 , :9,7> :9:7 , :9,7> m ^# :9,87 ; S ; :9,:7 5 ^# ;T; 5 >,9> >,9> ^ # %8,:7 %8,:7 ; T ; 8,97 5 # 8,97 % #%8,:7 5 >,30== % >,>=>8 5 >,37=? :987 98 , 7 :9,7> :9,37 :9,7> g ^ # :9,87 ; S ; :9,37 5 ^ # ;T; 5 >,9> >,9> ^ # %8,:7 ; T ; 8,:7 5 M # 8,:7 5 >,0800 # ^ay sgy wl `l}gyvhka s`eà}y`oa
h ^ # S
:9,3> 5 ^ # T ;
Gdge~ka 0 Gk oal}gl`ma mg ygfygsoa gl wlhs ia}gkkhs + s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk oal egm`h 97> oo, h Glowgl}yg kh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl + s` sg shig xwg gk :7' mg khs ia}gkkhs }`glg wl oal}gl`ma gl gk `l}gyvhka # 9?7 2 967 oo , i Gl wl ka}g mg 7>> ia}gkkhs+ ±owèl}hs mgigyåhl }glgy wl oal}gl`ma `lfgy`ay h 99> oo1 , _akwo`ÿl4 h S 5 Oal}gl`ma mg wlh ia}gkkh L#97>2 9,
8=
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
^#9?7 ; S ; 967 5 >+:7 ^#
87
;T;
87
^#
9?7 9?7 97>
;T;
967 97>
5 >+:7
5 >+:7
Chp xwg iwsohy gk vhkay mg ‛t― xwg hihyoh wl èygh ogl}yhk mg >+:7, _gjôl }hikh 9,? + gs}g vhkay gs t 5 8+87
87
5 8+87
5
87 5 8?+>= 887 +
99> 97> 5 ^ #T ; %9+?> 5 #%9+?> 5 >+>8>: 5 8,>:' 8?+>= ]gÿy`ohegl}g gk 8+>: ' mg kh ia}gkkhs mgigyåhl }glgy wl oal}gl`ma `lfgy`ay h 99> oo,+ p ~ay ka }hl}a+ gl wl ka}g mg 7>> ia}gkkhs+ mgigyåhl gloal}yhysg h~ya`ehmhegl}g 7 ~ay mgihda mg 99> oo,
i ^ # S ; 99> 5 ^#T ;
Gdge~ka 0,8> 4 _w~al`glma xwg kh mwyho`ÿl mg wlhs ih}gyåhs s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk oal egm`h 8>> cayhs + p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg 89 cayhs , h Mhy wl ~khta mg jhyhl}åh saiyg kh mwyho`ÿl eål`eh mg wlh ih}gyåh+ mg fayeh xwg m`och jhyhl}åh sg owe~kh oal ~yaihi`k`mhm ~yaih i`k`mhm >,00 , i Mhy wl `l}gyvhka s`eà}y`oa malmg oh`jh kh oh`jh kh mwyho`ÿl mg wlh ih}gyåh + oal ~yaihi`k`mhm >,0> , _akwo`ÿl 4 S 5 Mwyho`ÿl mg wlh wlh ih}gyåh L#8>> 2 899 , Kh jhyhl}åh sg owe~kg owhlma kh mwyho`ÿl mg kh ih}gyåh gs `jwhk a ehpay xwg gk ~khta mg jhyhl}åh+ mg fayeh xwg s` mgs`jlheas ~ay )}) hk ~khta mg jhyhl}åh+ ka xwg sg xw`gyg gs 4 ^ # S } 5 >,00 >,00 + a jyèf`ohegl}g jyèf`ohegl}g 4 ^ # S } 5 >,00 ^#T
} 8>> 5 >,00 89
Gl kh }hikh 9,? + sg glowgl}yh xwg ~hyh 00' mg èygh h kh mgygoch + gs mgo`y >+>8 mg èygh h kh `txw`gymh + kh hiso`sh }`~`f`ohmh oayygs~alm`gl}g gs %9,?96 } 8>> 5 % 9,?96 } 5 8>> % 9,?96 # 89 5 :9,>0 89 p ~ay oals`jw`gl}g+ gk ~khta mg jhyhl}åh ~hyh 00' mg ~yaihi`k`mhm mg owe~k`e`gl}a+ mgig sgy mg :9,>0 cayhs , i Gloal}yhy wl `l}gyvhka s`eà}y`oa malmg oh`jh kh mwyho`ÿl mg wlh ih}gyåh oal ~yaihi`k`mhm >,0> + s`jl`f`oh mg}gye`lhy wl `l}gyvhka malmg s` gk`jg wlh ih}gyåh hk hthy + kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg xwg sw mwyho`ÿl oh`jh gl m`oca `l}gyvhka mgig sgy mg >,0> + p kh ~yaihi`k`mhm oae~kgegl}hy`h mg la ohgy >,8> + mgig yg~hy}`ysg ~ay `jwhk ~hyh ohmh oakh + gs mgo`y >,>7 ~ay kh `txw`gymh p >,>7 ~ay kh mgygoch, ^ay s`eg}yåh+ }glgeas gl}alogs xwg m`oca `l}gyvhka mgig gs}hy ogl}yhma gl kh egm`h 8>> + p kh `loÿjl`}h `loÿjl`}h gs sw he~k`}wm he~k`}wm ) ) + }hk oaea oaea sg ewgs}yh gl kh f`jwyh4 f`jwyh4
87
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
^hyh mg}gye`lhy ) )+ sg ~yaogmg oaea s`jwg4 ^# 8>> % ^# %
89
S T
8>> " 89
5 >,0>
5 >,0>
Gl kh }hikh 9,? + sg glowgl}yh xwg ~hyh 0>' mg èygh ogl}yhk + kh hiso`sh oayygs~alm`gl}g gs 8,6=7 + p ~ay oals`jw`gl}g4
86=7 , 89 p mg hkkå sg mgmwog xwg 4 5 8,6=7 89 5 80,:= Gk `l}gyvhka ogl}yhk s`eà}y`oa mgk 0>' mg ~yaihi`k`mhm ~hyh kh mwyho`ÿl mg wlh ih}gyåh+ gs gl}alogs4 8>>,>> ¸ 80,:= 5 R 3>,96 2 8>>,:= U cayhs ,
Gdge~ka 0,88 4 Khs hk}wyhs mg ?>> gs}wm`hl}gs gs}èl layehkegl}g m`s}y`iw`mhs oal egm`h 63 p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh ? ~wkjhmhs+ ±owèl}as gs}wm`hl}gs }`glgl hk}wyh4 hehpay xwg :9 ~wkjhmhs+ i eglay a `jwhk xwg 6= ~wkjhmhs+ o gl}yg 67 p :8 `lokws`vg+ p m 63 ~wkjhmhs, _g sw~alg xwg khs hk}wyhs chl s`ma egm`mhs oal ~ygo`s`ÿl mg 8 ~wkjhmh, _akwo`ÿl4 Owhlma sg sgøhkh kh ~ygo`s`ÿl mg kh egm`o`ÿl+ egm`o`ÿl+ sg saiyggl}`glmg xwg às}hs chl s`ma ygmalmghmhs hk gl}gya eès ogyohla+ sgjôl ka g~k`ohma gl gk oh~å}wka @V+ mg ehlgyh xwg gk vhkay yghk gs gk ygj`s}yhma >+7> , h Kas xwg e`mgl eès mg :9 ~wkjhmhs+ sal hxwgkkas owph gs}h}wyh yghk gs :9+7> ÿ eès+ mg hkkå xwg4 :9+7 > 63 ^# S :9+7> 5 ^#T 5 ^ #T 8+7> 5 8% #8,7> 5 8 ‟ >+0??9 ? 5 >+>663 5 6+63' , Oaea gk jyw~a gs mg ?>> gs}wm`hl}gs+ gl}alogs h~ya`ehmhegl}g 9> mg gkkas mgigyåhl }`glgl wlh gs}h}wyh ehpay xwg :9 ~wkjhmhs, 6=+7> 63 i ^# S 6=+7> 5 ^#T 5 ^ #T % 8+8: 8+8: 5 #%8,8: #%8,8:5>+ 5>+898 898> > 5 89+8>' 89+8>' ? H~ya`ehmhegl}g ?6 mgigyåhl egm`y 6= ~wkjhmhs a eglas, 6=+7> 63 :87> 87 + > 63 T; 5 ^ #%8+8: T ; 8+8: ? ? 5 M #8,8: 5 >,:73> 5 :7+3> ' , H~ya`ehmhegl}g 99: gs}wm`hl}gs mgigyåhl ohgy gl gsg `l}gyvhka, 6:+7> 63 63+7> 63 m ^# 6:+7> S ; 63+7> 5 ^# T; 5 ^ #%>+8: T ; >+8: ? ? 5 M #>,8: 5 >+8?7> 5 8?+7> ' ,
o ^# 6=+7>
S ; :8+7> 5 ^#
H~ya`ehmhegl}g => gs}wm`hl}gs mgigyåhl }glgy wlh gs}h}wyh mg 63 ~wkjhmhs,
86
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
Gdge~ka 0,89 4 _gh )S) wlh vhy`hikg layehk oal egm`h 8> p vhy`hlth 9 mgsoalao`mh h) Mg}gye`lg ‛ ‛+s` ^#S : 5 >+0>, i Mg}gye`lg wl vhkay )b) }hk xwg 4 ^#S b 5 = ^#S _akw _akwo` o`ÿl ÿl 4 h ^#S ^#S : 5 >+0>, +0>, ^# T 5 >+0>, ^# T ; 5 >+8> ? 8939 + b 5 = ^#S
_gjôl }hikh 9,? i ^#S ^#S ^# T
5 %8,939
b 8> 5 >+3> 9+?=
5
_gjôl }hikh 9,?4
5 9+?= bU ^#S b 5 = % =^#S ^#S b 5 = 5 >+3>
bU
7
b 8> 5 >+3=9 9+?=
b 5 88+0:
Gdge~ka 0,8? 4 Gk oal}gl`ma mg wlhs ohdhs mg ogyghk s`jwg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk, _g shig xwg gk 9>' mg khs ohdhs oal}`glgl eès mg 89> jyheas+ p xwg gk 8>' mg khs ohdhs oal}`glgl eglas mg :7 jyheas, h Glowgl}yg kh egm`h p kh vhy`hlth mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl, i Ohkowkg kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg xwg wlh ohdh oal}gljh gl}yg :> p 8>> jyheas , _akwo`ÿl 4 h S 5 Oal}gl`ma mg wlh ohdh L# 2 9 89> 89> ^ # S < 89> 5 >+9> ^#T< 5 >+9> ^#T 5 >+3> _gjôl }hikh 9,? 4
89>
^ # S ; :7 5 >+8> _gjôl }hikh 9,? 4
5 >+3=9 ^#T;
:7
:7
5 % 8+939
^hyh ^hyh mg}gye mg}gye`lh `lhyy ‛ ―p ‛
89> %
5 >+3=9
5 >+8> :7 %
5 %8+939
‛ + chp xwg ygsakvgy gk s`s}geh mg gowho`algs4
>+3=9 Y89> Ygs}hlma wlh mg kh a}yh4 =7 5 9+89= 5 98+80 , _ 8+939 ]:7 Ygge~khthlma 5 98+80 gl owhkxw`gyh mg khs gowho`algs+ sg ai}`glg4 5 8>9+86 Kas ~hyèeg}yas mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl sal4 5 8>9+86 jyheas+ 5 98+80 jyheas, i ^# :> 5
S
#%>,8> %
8>> 5 ^#
:> 8>986 >98 + 6 9880 +
T
8>> 8>> 8>986 8>986 + 5 ^ #%8+79 9880 +
T
% >+8>
#%8+795 >+=6>9 ‟ >+>6=? 5 >+?070 5 ?0+70 ' ,
Gdge~ka 0,8=4 Wlh eèxw`lh m`s~glshmayh mg ygfygsoas+ ~wgmg sgy ohk`iyhmh ~hyh xwg kkglg kas vhsas oal wlh egm`h mg )·) alths, Hswe`glma xwg gk oal}gl`ma mg ygfygsoa gl kas vhsas s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk+ oal mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >+? alths, h Mg}gye`lg )·)+ mg fayeh xwg sakhegl}g gk 8' mg kas vhsas oal}gljhl ehs mg 3 alths mg ygfygsoa,
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
8:
i Gs}hikgtoh wl `l}gyvhka s`eà}y`oa+ xwg }gljh wl 0>' mg ~yaihi`k`mhm ~hyh gk oal}gl`ma mg ygfygsoa ygfygsoa gl wl vhsa, _akwo`ÿl 4 h S 5 Oal}gl`ma mg wl vhsa L# 2 >+?9, 3 ^ # S < 3 5 >+>8 ^ # S 3 5 >+00 ^ #T 5 >+00 >+?> 3 _gjôl }hikh 9,? 4 5 9+?96 5 3 ‟ 9+?96 #>+?> 5 :+?> >+?> Kh eèxw`lh mgig sgy ohk`iyhmh ~hyh kkglhy oal wlh egm`h mg :+?> alths, h :+? > i :+? > i ^ # h S i 5 >+0> ^# T 5 >+0> >+?> >+?> _gjôl kh }hikh 9,?+ kh hiso`sh xwg owiyg wl èygh ogl}yhk mg >+0> gs 8+6=72 ~ay }hl}a i :+? > 5 8+6=7 i 5 :+?> " 8+6=7 #>+?> 5 :+:0 >+?> ?> h :+?> 5 %8+6=7 h 5 :+?> % 8+6=7 #>+?> 5 6+38 >+?> Gk `l}gyvhka xwg owiyg hk 0>' ogl}yhk mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl gs R 6+38 2 :+:0U alths + xwg }hei`àl ~wgmg sgy g~ygshma oaea :+?> >+=0 , Gdge~ka 0,87 4 Wl fhiy`ohl}g mg ~`gths egoèl`ohs mgig ~yamwo`ykhs mgl}ya mg kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl4 # :,>> ¸ >,7> oes, Gk ~yaogsa mg ~yamwoo`ÿl mg gs}hs ~`gths+ khs fhiy`oh sgjôl wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk oal egm`h egm`h 6,0> oes,+ oes,+ p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >+?> oes, Gk oas}a mg ~yamwo`y wlh ~`gth gs mg - 87+ p sg vglmg gl - 97 + s`ge~yg xwg owe~kh oal kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl, _` kh ~`gth e`mg ehs mg :+7> oes,+ gk fhiy`ohl}g ~wgmg oayygj`ykh+ p kkgvhykh mgl}ya mg kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl , Gk Gk oas}a mg m`och oayygoo`ÿl oayygoo`ÿl gs mg -?, _` kh ~`gth e`mg eglas mg 6+7> oes+ kh ~`gth la ~wgmg sgy oayygj`mh+ p gk fhiy`ohl}g ~`gymg ka xwg kg oas}ÿ ~yamwo`ykh, Ohkowkg kh jhlhlo`h ~yaegm`a ~yaegm`a xwg gk fhiy`ohl}g ai}`glg ~ay ohmh ~`gth ~yamwo`mh, _akwo`ÿl 4 Chp xwg ohkowkhy gk ~ayogl}hdg mg ~`gths xwg ohg mgl}ya mg ohmh wlh mg khs }ygs oh}gjayåhs4 iwglhs+ oayygj`mhs p mgfgo}washs, 6+7> 6+0> :+7> 6+0> ' mg Iwglhs 5 ^# 6+7> S :+7> 5 ^# T 5 >+?> >+?> ^ #%8+?? T 9+>> 5 #9+>> % #%8+?? 5 >+0::9 ‟ >+>083 5 >+337= 5 33+7= ' , :+7> 6+0> ' mg Oayygj`mhs 5 ^#S < :+7> 5 ^#T < 5 ^ # T < 9+>> 5 8% #9+>> >+?> 8% >+0::9 5 >+>993 5 9+93 ' 6+7> 6+0> ' mg Mgfgo}washs 5 ^#S ; 6+7> 5 ^# T ; 5 ^ #T % 8+?? 5 #%8+?? >+?> 5 >+>083 5 0+83 ' ^ay ohmh ~`gth iwglh+ gk fhiy`ohl}g jhlh -97 % - 87 5 - 8>+ ~ay ohmh ~`gth oayygj`mh jhlh -97 % - 87 % - ? 5 - : + e`gl}yhs e`gl}yhs xwg ~ay ohmh ~`gth mgfgo}wash+ mgfgo}wash+ ~`gymg - 87,
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
83
Kh jhlhlo`h ~yaegm`a ~ay ohmh ~`gth+ gs gk ~yaegm`a ~almgyhma mg khs jhlhlo`hs4 8> #>+337= " : #>+>993 ‟ 87 #>+>083 5 - :+6= ~ay ~`gth,
^ygjwl}hs mg Ygv`s`ÿl 8¾ Gk vhkay }`~`f`ohma }`~`f`ohma mg wl mh}a gs %>+=>+ p gk mg a}ya mh}a gs "8+=>, ±Owèk mg kas mas gs}è eès ogyoh mg kh egm`h1 , 9¾ _` wl oaldwl}a mg mh}as gs saeg}`ma h wlh }yhlsfayeho`ÿl k`lghk+ ±sg hk}gyh gk vhkay }`~`f`ohma mg ohmh mh}a1,
?¾) Oals`mgyg mas m`s}y`iwo`algs layehkgs oal kh e`seh egm`h ‛ ―+ ~gya wlh oal ehpay vhy`hlth xwg kh a}yh, ±Owèk mg khs mas }`glg wlh ehpay ~ya~ayo`ÿl mg vhkaygs mgl}ya mgk `l}gyvhka ‛ ― # <> 1, =¾ ±^wgmg kh egm`h mg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk sgy sg y lgjh}`vh1+ ±p ± p kh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh1,
7¾) Wlh hiso`sh ‛― mg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk + mgdh h kh mgygoch wl èygh ehpay xwg >+7 , ± Xwà ~as`o`ÿl }`glg ‛― oal ygkho`ÿl h kh egm`h mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl1, 6¾ Gl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk+ gk èygh mg wlh hiso`sh hiso` sh h kh `txw`gymh gs `jwhk hk èygh mg a}yh hiso`sh h kh mgygoch, ±Xwà ygkho`ÿl chp gl}yg gs}hs mas hiso`shs1,
:¾) Gl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk+ gk èygh mg wlh hiso`sh ‛ " ― # <> h kh mgygoch gs ‛ ―,±Owèk ―,±Owèk gs gs gk èygh gl gk gk `l}gyvh `l}gyvhka ka ‛ 1, 3¾ Gl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk+ layehk+ gk èygh gl gk `l}gyvhka ‛ gk èygh mgsmg ‛ % ― h kh mgygoch 1,
― # <>) gs ‛ ―,±O ―,±Ow wèk gs
0¾ _gjôl kh mgs`jwhkmhm mg ]ocgipocgv ]ocgip ocgv ~hyh wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl owhkxw`gyh+ ±xwà ~ya~ayo`ÿl eål`eh mg vhkaygs+ mgig }glgy wl vhkay }`~`f`ohma gl}yg ‟ = p "=1, ±Owèk gs gsh ~ya~ayo`ÿl ~hyh kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk1, 8>¾ Mgl}ya mg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk+ mas `l}gyvhkas }`glgl kh e`seh he~k`}wm+ h e~k`}wm+ ~gya wla oal}`glg h kh egm`h + p gk a}ya la, ±Owèk mg kas mas `l}gyvhkas }`glg ehpay ~yaihi`k`mhm1, 88¾ ±Xwà s`jl`f`oh gk vhkay }`~`f`ohma1,
89¾) Gl wlh m`s}y`iwo m`s}y`iwo`ÿl `ÿl layehk+ layehk+ ±owèl}as ±owèl}as `l}gyvhkas `l}gyvhkas glo`gyyhl glo`gyyhl wl èygh èygh mhmh ‛ ―1, 8?¾) Gl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk+ wlh hiso`sh ‛t 8― mgdh h sw mgygoch wl èygh ‛ 8―+ e`gl}yhs xwg a}yh hiso`sh ‛t9― mgdh h sw `txw`gymh wl èygh ‛ 9―, _` > ; 8 ; 9 ; >+7 , ±Owèk mg khs mas hiso`shs gs}è eès ogyoh mg kh egm`h1, ±Xwà s`jla }`glgl gs}hs hiso`shs1 , ±Owèk mg khs mas hiso`shs gs ehpay gl vhkay hisakw}a1,
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
80
8=¾ _` mas m as m`s}y`iwo`algs layehkgs }`glgl }` glgl `jwhk vhy`hlth+ ~gya wlh }`glg ehpay egm`h xwg kh a}yh+ ±owèk mg khs mas }`glg wlh ehpay ~ya~ayo`ÿl mg vhkaygs mgl}ya mgk `l}gyvhka #egm`h ygs~go}`vh 2 <>1
]gehs oae~kgegl}hy`as ~hyh `lvgs}`jhy 8¾ @lvgs}`jwg hogyoh mg kh fayeh mg `l}gy~akhy mgl}ya mg wlh }hikh layehk, lay ehk, 9¾ @lvgs}`jwg hogyoh mgk aidg}`va p fwlmhegl}a mgk ~h~gk ~yaihi`k`s}`oa,
?¾) @lvgs}`jwg hogyoh mg khs h~k`oho`algs mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk+ gl kh ‛]gayåh mg Gyyaygs―, =¾ @lvgs}`jwg saiyg khs h~k`oho`algs mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl kaj%layehk, ka j%layehk, ^yaikgehs ^ya~wgs}as @, L`vgk Gkgegl}hk
0,86 _w~aljh xwg sg xw`gyg oae~hyhy kas swgkmas gl mas ayjhl`tho`algs ihlohy`hs )H) p )I) + p xwg hk hlhk`thy kas swgkmas mg ohmh wla mg sws ge~kghmas sg glowgl}yh4 ^hyh gk Ihloa )H) 4 _wgkma egm`a egm`a 5 Is, =9>,>>> 2 Mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh 5 Is, 3>,>>> ^hyh gk Ihloa )I) 4 _wgkma egm`a egm`a 5 Is, 7=>,>>> 2 Mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh 5 Is, 89>,>>> h ± Owhk mg khs mas ayjhl`tho`algs ~hjh egdaygs swgkmas 1 , i ± Owhk mg khs mas ayjhl`tho`algs ~ygsgl}h ehpay vhy`hi`k`mhm gl kas swgkmas 1 , o _` gl gk Ihloa )I) wl jgygl}g jhlh Is, 3>>,>>> + p wl ohdgya Is, ?>>,>>> , ±Owhk mgigyåh sgy gk swgkma mg sws caeÿkajas gl gk Ihloa )H) + ~hyh xwg aow~gl kh e`seh ~as`o`ÿl ygkh}`vh mgl}ya mg kh ayjhl`tho`ÿl 1 _akwo`ÿl4 h I+ i I + ~wgs OV H 5 80,>7' p OVI 5 99,99' o 70>,???+?? p 96>,>>> 0,8: Wshlma khs }hikhs mg kh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk }`~`f`ohmh+ mg}gye`lg gk a kas vhkaygs mg kh hiso`sh )t)+ gl ohmh wla mg kas s`jw`gl}gs ohsas4 h Gk èygh gl}yg > p t+ gs >+?::>, i Gk èygh h kh `txw`gymh mg t+ gs >+36?8 , o Gk èygh gl}yg %8+7 p t+ gs >+>98: m Gk èygh h kh mgygoch mg t+ gs >+9966 g Gk èygh h kh `txw`gymh mg t+ gs >+>?8= f Gk èygh gl}yg %>+9? p t + gs >+7:99 j Gk èygh gl}yg 8+87 p t + gs >+>:?> c Gk èygh gl}yg %t p t+ gs mg >+0>>> _akwo`ÿl4 h t5¸ 8+86 + i t5 8+>0 + o t5 %8+?7 %8+?7 ÿ t5 %8+60= , m t5 >+:7 g t5 %8+36 f t5 9+>3 j t5 8+697 ÿ t5 >+3=0 c t5 8+6=7 0,83 Gk }`ge~a xwg }hymh wl l`øa gl h~yglmgy wlh o`gy}h }àol`oh gs wlh vhy`hikg layehk+ oal egm`h :,6 sgehlhs + p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg 8 sgehlh ,
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
9>
h ± Owhk gs kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg xwg wl l`øa }hymg eglas mg 3 sgehlhs gl h~yglmgykh1 i Gl wl jyw~a mg 8>>> l`øas+ ± owhl}as mgigyåhl }hymhy eès mg 8> sgehlhs gl h~yglmgy gsh }àol`oh1 , _akwo`ÿl4 h >,677= i 3,9 0,80 Kh gs}h}wyh mg wlhs ~gysalhs s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk+ oal egm`h 8+6> eg}yas p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >+8> eg}yas , h ±Owhk gs kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg xwg wlh ~gysalh }gljh wlh gs}h}wyh sw~gy`ay h 8+7= eg}yas 1 , i ± Owhk gs kh gs}h}wyh xwg sw~gyhl gk 3>' mg khs ~gysalhs 1 , o Gl wl jyw~a mg 7>> ~gysalhs+ ± owhl}hs mgigyåhl }glgy wlh gs}h}wyh sw~gy`ay h 8+39 eg}yas 1 , _akwo`ÿl 4 h >+:973 , i 8,786 e , o 6,07 0,9> Gk ~yaogsa mg kkglhma mg wlhs ia}gkkhs mg ygfygsoa +s`jwg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk oal egm`h 99> oo , h Mg}gye`lg kh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mgk ~yaogsa+ s` gk 3' mg kh ia}gkkhs ygswk}hl oal wl oal}gl`ma `lfgy`ay h 9>> oo, i ±Owhk gs kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg xwg wlh ia}gkkh ygswk}g oal wl oal}gl`ma oal}gl`ma sw~gy`ay h 97> oo, 1 , _akwo`ÿl4 h 8=+9? oo i >+>8:= 0,98 Chp xwg ~yamwo`y wlhs ~`gths owpa m`èeg}ya mgig ohgy mgl}ya mg kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl #80> ¸ 87 ees ees , Kh eèxw`lh xwg sg m`s~alg ~hyh fhiy`ohykhs+ khs shoh sgjôl wl m`èeg}ya xwg s`jwg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk oal egm`h 9>> ee+ p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg 8> ees , Gl wlh ~yamwoo`ÿl mg 9>,>>> ~`gths+ ±owèl}hs mgfgo}washs mgigyåhl gloal}yhysg1, _akwo`ÿl 4 690= 0,99 _g ch oae~yaihma xwg gk ~gsa mg kas gs}wm`hl}gs wl`vgys`}hy`as+ s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk oal egm`h 63+7 Bjs,+ p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg 8> Bjs , ±Owhk gs kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg gloal}yhy wl gs}wm`hl}g+ owpa ~gsa gs}à4 h gl}yg =3 p :8 Bjs1 , i ~ay glo`eh mg 08 Bjs1 , _akwo`ÿl 4 h >,7:37 i >,>899 0,9? Wl gs}wm`a mgeas}yÿ xwg gk }`ge~a mg v`mh ~hyh o`gy}h ehyoh mg ih}gyåhs ~hyh hw}aeÿv`kgs+ sg m`s}y`iwpg layehkegl}g oal egm`h 7=3 måhs + p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg 837 måhs , _` gk fhiy`ohl}g mgig jhyhl}`thy sws ih}gyåhs ~ay 83> måhs + ± xwà ~ayogl}hdg mg khs ih}gyåhs mgigyè sgy ohei`hma 1 , _akwo`ÿl4 9,?? ' 0,9= Gk gs~gsay mg khs kèe`lhs eg}èk`ohs ~yamwo`mhs ~ay wlh o`gy}h eèxw`lh s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk+ oal egm`h 8> ee,+ p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >+>9ee , Gs}hikgtoh wlh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl ~hyh gk gs~gsay mg gs}hs kèe`lhs+ mg fayeh xwg4 h Gk 07 ' mg khs kèe`lhs owe~khl oal kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl, i Gk 00' mg khs kèe`lhs owe~khl oal kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl, _akwo`ÿl4 h #8>,>>>> ¸ >,>?09 ee i #8>,>>>>> ¸ >,>7879 ee ee 0,97 Khs gs~go`f`oho`algs ~hyh wlh o`gy}h ~`gth egoèl`oh sal #9>,>> ¸ >,7> oes,
98
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
Kh eèxw`lh xwg sg m`s~alg ~hyh ~yamwo`ykhs+ khs shoh sgjôl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk oal mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >,?> oes+ p wlh egm`h xwg mg~glmg mg o`gy}hs ohk`iyho`algs xwg sg kg chjhl h kh eèxw`lh, Khs ~`gths xwg ygswk}gl ~ay glo`eh mgk kåe`}g sw~gy`ay ~wgmgl sgy yg~yaogshmhs p oayygj`mhs+ ~gya khs xwg ygswk}gl ~ay mgihda mgk kåe`}g `lfgy`ay sal oals`mgyhmhs oaea mgs~gym`o`a, h ±Gl xwg vhkay mgig ohk`iyhysg ohk`iyhysg kh egm`h mg kh eèxw`lh+ s` sg xw`gyg xw`gyg h ka eès eès wl 8' mg mgs~gym`o`as1 , i ^hyh gsh egm`h+ ±owhk sgyè gk ~ayogl}hdg mg ~`gths yg~yaogshmhs1 , _akwo`ÿl4 h · 5 9>,80:3 i 87,69', 0,96 Gk eal}a mg khs oae~yhs xwg yghk`thl kas ok`gl}gs gl wl sw~gyegyohma+ s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk oal egm`h -3> + p sg shig xwg gk :9' mg kas ok`gl}gs+ yghk`thl wlhs oae~yhs oae~yglm`mhs gl gk `l}gyvhka - #3> ¸ 8> , ±Xwà ~ayogl}hdg mg kas ok`gl}gs yghk`th oae~yhs sw~gy`ay h kas - 8>> 1 , _akwo`ÿl 4 8+7=' 0,9: _gh S | L# 9> 2 86 , Mg}gye`lg )h) p )i)+ )i)+ gl ohmh ohmh wla wla mg mg kas s`jw`gl}gs s`jw`gl}gs ohsas4 h ^ # h S 99 5 >+=> i ^ # i S 99 5 >+3>
_akwo`ÿl4 h 5 8:+3> , La g`s}g ‛i―,
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0,93 Gk oal}gl`ma mg dhiÿl mg}gyjgl}g gl wlhs ohdhs+ s`jwg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk, _` gk 3>' mg khs ohdhs oal}`glgl eglas mg =90+9> jyheas mg dhiÿl + p gk 0>' mg khs ohdhs oal}`glgl ehs mg =83+6> jyheas4 h Mg}gye`lg kh egm`h p kh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg kh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl, i ±Owhk gs gk ~ayogl}hdg mg ohdhs owpa oal}gl`ma o al}gl`ma sg glowgl}yh gl gk `l}gyvhka #=9> ¸ 7 jyheas 1 _akwo`ÿl4 h ·5=97 jyes + F 57 jyes i =:+:9 ' , 0,90 Kh mwyho`ÿl mg wlhs ih}gyåhs s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk oal egm`h 9:> måhs+ p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg 7> måhs, Wl oaegyo`hl}g oae~yh ohmh ih}gyåh gl - 98 p kh vglmg gl - 9:+ ~gya jhyhl}`thlma xwg s` sg mhøh hl}gs mg kas 83> måhs+ mgvakvgyè gk m`lgya hk ok`gl}g+ p gl oalsgowglo`h gk oaegyo`hl}g ~`gymg gk oas}a mg hmxw`s`o`ÿl mg kh ih}gyåh, Ohkowkg kh jhlhlo`h ~yaegm`a ~ay ohmh ih}gyåh vglm`mh , _akwo`ÿl4 - 7+>? 0,?> Wlh eèxw`lh oay}hmayh ~wgmg sgy ohk`iyhmh ~hyh oay}hy hkheiygs xwg }gljhl wlh egm`h mg}gye`lhmh, _w~al`glma xwg kh kalj`}wm mg kas hkheiygs ai}gl`mas s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk oal egm`h gk vhkay ohk`iyhma+ p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg >+9 oes, 2 mg}gye`lg gk vhkay gl xwg mgig ohk`iyhysg kh egm`h + s` sg xw`gyg xwg sakhegl}g gk 7' mg kas hkheiygs+ }gljhl wlh kalj`}wm ehpay mg 8>+=> oes , _akwo`ÿl 4 · 5 8>,>:8 oes , 0,?8 _gh )S) wlh vhy`hikg layehk oal egm`h 8> p vhy`hlth h) Mg}g Mg}gye ye`lg `lg ‛ ― s` 4 ^#S :,7 5 >+6>96 i Mg}gye`lg Mg}gye`lg wl vhkay )b) }hk xwg4 ^#S b 5 ? ^#S
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M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
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0,?9 Gk ~gsa mg wl jyw~a mg 89> ~gysalhs s`jwg wlh M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk, _` 9= mg gkkhs ~gshl eglas mg 77 Bjs,+ p 89 ~gshl eès mg 3> Bjs+ ±owèl}hs ~gshl eès mg 6> Bjs1, _akwo`ÿl4 H~ya`ehmhegl}g 3> 0,?? Wl oaegyo`hl}g ch oae~yaihma xwg owhlma `lv`gy}g gl ~ya~hjhlmh wlh ohl}`mhm )) + khs vgl}hs mwyhl}g gk ~gyåama s`jwgl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk oal egm`h )7>) + p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg -8>>,>>> , h _` gk oaegyo`hl}g `lv`y}`ÿ - ?>,>>> gl ~ya~hjhlmh2 ohkowkg kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg xwg khs vgl}hs mwyhl}g gk ~gyåama+ sghl sw~gy`aygs h -8,?7>,>>>, i Mg}gye`lg kh ohl}`mhm xwg mgig `lvgy}`y gl ~ya~hjhlmh+ s` sg xw`gyg xwg khs vgl}hs sghl sw~gy`aygs h - 9,>>>,>>>+ oal wlh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg >+0> ~ay ka eglas , _akwo`ÿl 4 - =9,76> 0,?= _gh S | L#82 =,
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0,?7 _g mgsgh ~yamwo`y ~yamwo`y o`gy}hs ~`gths mgl}ya mg kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl #9>+>> ¸ 8+>> oes, Chp xwg mgo`m`y gl}yg mas eèxw`lhs ~hyh ~yamwo`y gs}hs ~`gths+ s`glma kas oas}as p khs ohyho}gyås}`ohs mg ~yamwoo`ÿl+ m`fgygl}gs ~hyh ohmh wlh, Egm`h #oes Mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh #oes, Oas}a #- ! ~`gth Eèxw`lh H 80+07 >+37 8+>> Eèxw`lh I 9>+>9 >+7> 8+9> _` kh ~`gth ohg mgl}ya mg kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl gs~go`f`oho`ÿl ~wgmg sgy vglm`mh gl - 8+3> ~ay wl`mhm+ ~gya s` gs mgfgo}wash+ gk fhiy`ohl}g ~`gymg gk oas}a mg ~yamwo`y kh ~`gth, _w~al`glma xwg kh ~yamwoo`ÿl mg ohmh eèxw`lh s`jwg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk+ ±owhk mg khs mas ygoaeglmhyåh ygoaeglmhyåh Wm,+ ~hyh ~yamwo`y kh ~`gth1 ~`gth1 , _akwo`ÿl 4 I 0,?6 Gk }`ge~a xwg }hymh wlh ~gysalh gl kkgjhy mg sw ohsh hk }yhihda+ s`jwg wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk oal egm`h ?> e`lw}as+ p mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg 7 e`lw}as, Kh cayh mg gl}yhmh hk }yhihda gs h khs 34>> h,e h ±H xwà cayh mgig shk`y mg sw ohsh + s` mgsgh kkgjhy }ge~yhla hk }yhihda oal wlh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg >+001, i _` shkg mg sw ohsh h khs :4=> h,e+ ±owèk gs kh ~yaihi`k`mhm mg xwg kkgjwg }ge~yhla hk }yhihda1, _akwo`ÿl 4 h :483 h,e i >+>993 0,?: _gh S L# 2 9, Mg}gye`lg kas ~hyèeg}yas+ s` ^ # S 6> 5 >+8> + p ^ # S 0> 5 >+07 , _akwo`ÿl 4 5 :?+8 2 58>+9, 0,?3 Khs ohk`f`oho`algs gl wl ghegl mg hme`s`ÿl+ s`jwgl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk oal wlh egm`h mg 7:+=> ~wl}as p wl oagf`o`gl}g mg vhy`ho`ÿl mgk ?>',
Kas hs~`yhl}gs mgigl sgy okhs`f`ohmas gl owh}ya oh}gjayåhs4 ‛H― #Gogkgl}gs) malmg sg wi`oh gk 8>' sw~gy`ay+ ‛I― #Iwglas) malmg ohgl gk ?>' s`jw`gl}g+ ‛O― #Ygjwkhygs) oal gk ?7' s`jw`gl}g+ p ‛M― #Ygochthmas) oal gk 97' `lfgy`ay,
9?
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
Mg}gye`lg gk `l}gyvhka mg ohk`f`oho`algs ~hyh ohmh wlh mg gs}hs oh}gjayåhs, _akwo`ÿl4 ‛H ‛ mg 3> ~wl}as ~wl}as gl hmgkhl}g+ ‛I― gl}yg 69 p :0+ ‛O― gl}yg =6 p 68+ p ‛M― ~ay mgihda mg =7 , @@@, L`vgk Hvhlthma
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, Gl}yg kas `lf`l`}as `l}gyvhkas xwg }`glgl wlh he~k`}wm oals}hl}g ‛o―+ ±owèk }`glg eè`eh ~yaihi`k`mhm1, _akwo`ÿl 4 >+7 o
0,=> Wlh ~`gth mgig owe~k`y oal kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl 9>> ?, _` kh ~`gth owe~kg oal kh gs~go`f`oho`ÿl ~wgmg sgy vglm`mh gl - 8>> + s` e`mg eès mg 9>?+ ~wgmg sgy oayygj`mh h wl oas}a mg - 9> p kwgja vglm`mh gl -8>>+ p s` e`mg eglas mg 80: gs mgfgo}wash+ p sÿka ~wgmg sgy vglm`mh oaea mgs~gym`o`a gl - 9>, ^hyh ~yamwo`y gs}h ~`gth+ sg m`s~alg mg wlh eèxw`lh xwg khs fhiy`oh sgjôl wlh m`s}y`iwo`ÿl layehk+ layehk+ oal wlh wlh egm`h egm`h ‛ ― xwg mg~glmg mg~glmg mg o`gy}as o`gy}as hdws}gs hdws}gs p ohk`iyho`algs xwg sg kg chjhl h kh eèxw`lh+ p oal wlh mgsv`ho`ÿl }å~`oh mg 9, ^yamwo`y wlh ~`gth oal gs}h eèxw`lh owgs}h - 7>, xwg mgig mgig sgy ohk`iyh ohk`iyhmh+ mh+ ~hyh ~hyh eh`e`t eh`e`thy hy kh jhlhlo`h Mg}gye`lg kh egm`h ‛ ― gl xwg ~yaegm`a ~ay ~`gth ~yamwo`mh, _akwo`ÿl 4 5 9>>+09
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90
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#t) >+3=?3 >+3=68 >+3=37 >+37>3 >+37?8 >+377= >+37:: >+3700 >+3698 >+36=? >+3667 >+3636 >+3:>3 >+3:90 >+3:=0 >+3::> >+3:0> >+338> >+33?> >+33=0 >+3360 >+3333 >+30>: >+3097 >+30== >+3069 >+303> >+300: >+0>87 >+0>?9 >+0>=0 >+0>66 >+0>39 >+0>00 >+0887 >+08?8 >+08=: >+0869 >+08:: >+0809 >+09>: >+0999 >+09?6 >+0978 >+0967 >+09:0 >+0909 >+0?>6 >+0?80 >+0??9
#%t) >+8769 >+87?0 >+8787 >+8=09 >+8=60 >+8==6 >+8=9? >+8=>8 >+8?:0 >+8?7: >+8??7 >+8?8= >+8909 >+89:8 >+8978 >+89?> >+898> >+880> >+88:> >+8878 >+88?8 >+8889 >+8>0? >+8>:7 >+8>76 >+8>?3 >+8>9> >+8>>? >+>037 >+>063 >+>078 >+>0?= >+>083 >+>0>8 >+>337 >+>360 >+>37? >+>3?3 >+>39? >+>3>3 >+>:0? >+>::3 >+>:6= >+>:=0 >+>:?7 >+>:98 >+>:>3 >+>60= >+>638 >+>663
M#t) >+63:7 >+609? >+60:> >+:>8: >+:>6? >+:8>0 >+:87= >+:800 >+:9=? >+:93: >+:??> >+:?:? >+:=87 >+:=7: >+:=00 >+:7=> >+:73> >+:69> >+:66> >+:600 >+::?: >+:::7 >+:38? >+:37> >+:33: >+:09? >+:070 >+:007 >+3>90 >+3>6= >+3>03 >+38?9 >+3867 >+3803 >+39?> >+3969 >+390? >+3?9= >+3?77 >+3?37 >+3=87 >+3=== >+3=:? >+37>8 >+3790 >+377: >+373= >+3688 >+36?3 >+366=
t 8+78 8+79 8+7? 8+7= 8+77 8+76 8+7: 8+73 8+70 8+6> 8+68 8+69 8+6? 8+6= 8+67 8+66 8+6: 8+63 8+60 8+:> 8+:8 8+:9 8+:? 8+:= 8+:7 8+:6 8+:: 8+:3 8+:0 8+3> 8+38 8+39 8+3? 8+3= 8+37 8+36 8+3: 8+33 8+30 8+0> 8+08 8+09 8+0? 8+0= 8+07 8+06 8+0: 8+03 8+00 9+>>
#t) >+0?=7 >+0?7: >+0?:> >+0?39 >+0?0= >+0=>6 >+0=83 >+0=90 >+0==8 >+0=79 >+0=6? >+0=:= >+0=3= >+0=07 >+07>7 >+0787 >+0797 >+07?7 >+07=7 >+077= >+076= >+07:? >+0739 >+0708 >+0700 >+06>3 >+0686 >+0697 >+06?? >+06=8 >+06=0 >+0676 >+066= >+06:8 >+06:3 >+0636 >+060? >+0600 >+0:>6 >+0:8? >+0:80 >+0:96 >+0:?9 >+0:?3 >+0:== >+0:7> >+0:76 >+0:68 >+0:6: >+0::9
#%t) >+>677 >+>6=? >+>6?> >+>683 >+>6>6 >+>70= >+>739 >+>7:8 >+>770 >+>7=3 >+>7?: >+>796 >+>786 >+>7>7 >+>=07 >+>=37 >+>=:7 >+>=67 >+>=77 >+>==6 >+>=?6 >+>=9: >+>=83 >+>=>0 >+>=>8 >+>?09 >+>?3= >+>?:7 >+>?6: >+>?70 >+>?78 >+>?== >+>??6 >+>?90 >+>?99 >+>?8= >+>?>: >+>?>8 >+>90= >+>93: >+>938 >+>9:= >+>963 >+>969 >+>976 >+>97> >+>9== >+>9?0 >+>9?? >+>993
M#t) >+360> >+3:87 >+3:=> >+3:6= >+3:30 >+3389 >+33?6 >+3370 >+3339 >+30>= >+3096 >+30=3 >+3060 >+300> >+0>88 >+0>?8 >+0>78 >+0>:> >+0>0> >+08>0 >+089: >+08=6 >+086= >+0838 >+0800 >+0986 >+09?? >+09=0 >+0967 >+0938 >+090: >+0?89 >+0?93 >+0?=9 >+0?7: >+0?:8 >+0?37 >+0?00 >+0=89 >+0=96 >+0=?0 >+0=78 >+0=6= >+0=:6 >+0=33 >+07>> >+0789 >+079? >+07?= >+07=7
?>
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
t 9+>8 9+>9 9+>? 9+>= 9+>7 9+>6 9+>: 9+>3 9+>0 9+8> 9+88 9+89 9+8? 9+8= 9+87 9+86 9+8: 9+83 9+80 9+9> 9+98 9+99 9+9? 9+9= 9+97 9+96 9+9: 9+93 9+90 9+?> 9+?8 9+?9 9+?? 9+?= 9+?7 9+?6 9+?: 9+?3 9+?0 9+=> 9+=8 9+=9 9+=? 9+== 9+=7 9+=6 9+=: 9+=3 9+=0 9+7>
#t) >+0::3 >+0:3? >+0:33 >+0:0? >+0:03 >+03>? >+03>3 >+0389 >+038: >+0398 >+0396 >+03?> >+03?= >+03?3 >+03=9 >+03=6 >+037> >+037= >+037: >+0368 >+036= >+0363 >+03:8 >+03:7 >+03:3 >+0338 >+033= >+033: >+030> >+030? >+0306 >+0303 >+00>8 >+00>= >+00>6 >+00>0 >+0088 >+008? >+0086 >+0083 >+009> >+0099 >+0097 >+009: >+0090 >+00?8 >+00?9 >+00?= >+00?6 >+00?3
#%t) >+>999 >+>98: >+>989 >+>9>: >+>9>9 >+>80: >+>809 >+>833 >+>83? >+>8:0 >+>8:= >+>8:> >+>866 >+>869 >+>873 >+>87= >+>87> >+>8=6 >+>8=? >+>8?0 >+>8?6 >+>8?9 >+>890 >+>897 >+>899 >+>880 >+>886 >+>88? >+>88> >+>8>: >+>8>= >+>8>9 >+>>00 >+>>06 >+>>0= >+>>08 >+>>30 >+>>3: >+>>3= >+>>39 >+>>3> >+>>:3 >+>>:7 >+>>:? >+>>:8 >+>>60 >+>>63 >+>>66 >+>>6= >+>>69
M#t) >+0776 >+0766 >+07:6 >+0736 >+0706 >+06>6 >+0687 >+0697 >+06?= >+06=? >+0678 >+066> >+0663 >+06:6 >+063= >+0609 >+0:>> >+0:>: >+0:87 >+0:99 >+0:90 >+0:?6 >+0:=? >+0:=0 >+0:76 >+0:69 >+0:63 >+0::= >+0:3> >+0:36 >+0:08 >+0:0: >+03>9 >+03>: >+0389 >+038: >+0399 >+039: >+03?9 >+03?6 >+03=> >+03=7 >+03=0 >+037? >+037: >+0368 >+0367 >+0360 >+03:9 >+03:6
t 9+78 9+79 9+7? 9+7= 9+77 9+76 9+7: 9+73 9+70 9+6> 9+68 9+69 9+6? 9+6= 9+67 9+66 9+6: 9+63 9+60 9+:> 9+:8 9+:9 9+:? 9+:= 9+:7 9+:6 9+:: 9+:3 9+:0 9+3> 9+38 9+39 9+3? 9+3= 9+37 9+36 9+3: 9+33 9+30 9+0> 9+08 9+09 9+0? 9+0= 9+07 9+06 9+0: 9+03 9+00 ?+>>
#t) >+00=> >+00=8 >+00=? >+00=7 >+00=6 >+00=3 >+00=0 >+0078 >+0079 >+007? >+0077 >+0076 >+007: >+0070 >+006> >+0068 >+0069 >+006? >+006= >+0067 >+0066 >+006: >+0063 >+0060 >+00:> >+00:8 >+00:9 >+00:? >+00:= >+00:= >+00:7 >+00:6 >+00:: >+00:: >+00:3 >+00:0 >+00:0 >+003> >+0038 >+0038 >+0039 >+0039 >+003? >+003= >+003= >+0037 >+0037 >+0036 >+0036 >+003:
#%t) >+>>6> >+>>70 >+>>7: >+>>77 >+>>7= >+>>79 >+>>78 >+>>=0 >+>>=3 >+>>=: >+>>=7 >+>>== >+>>=? >+>>=8 >+>>=> >+>>?0 >+>>?3 >+>>?: >+>>?6 >+>>?7 >+>>?= >+>>?? >+>>?9 >+>>?8 >+>>?> >+>>90 >+>>93 >+>>9: >+>>96 >+>>96 >+>>97 >+>>9= >+>>9? >+>>9? >+>>99 >+>>98 >+>>98 >+>>9> >+>>80 >+>>80 >+>>83 >+>>83 >+>>8: >+>>86 >+>>86 >+>>87 >+>>87 >+>>8= >+>>8= >+>>8?
M#t) >+03:0 >+033? >+0336 >+0330 >+0309 >+0307 >+0303 >+00>8 >+00>= >+00>: >+00>0 >+0089 >+0087 >+008: >+009> >+0099 >+009= >+0096 >+0090 >+00?8 >+00?? >+00?7 >+00?: >+00?0 >+00=> >+00=9 >+00== >+00=6 >+00=: >+00=0 >+007> >+0079 >+007? >+0077 >+0076 >+0073 >+0070 >+006> >+0068 >+006? >+006= >+0067 >+0066 >+006: >+0063 >+0060 >+00:> >+00:8 >+00:9 >+00:?
?8
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
t ?+>8 ?+>9 ?+>? ?+>= ?+>7 ?+>6 ?+>: ?+>3 ?+>0 ?+8> ?+88 ?+89 ?+8? ?+8= ?+87 ?+86 ?+8: ?+83 ?+80 ?+9> ?+98 ?+99 ?+9? ?+9= ?+97 ?+96 ?+9: ?+93 ?+90 ?+?> ?+?8 ?+?9 ?+?? ?+?= ?+?7 ?+?6 ?+?: ?+?3 ?+?0 ?+=> ?+=8 ?+=9 ?+=? ?+== ?+=7 ?+=6 ?+=: ?+=3 ?+=0 ?+7>
#t) >+003: >+003: >+0033 >+0033 >+0030 >+0030 >+0030 >+000> >+000> >+000> >+0008 >+0008 >+0008 >+0009 >+0009 >+0009 >+0009 >+000? >+000? >+000? >+000? >+000= >+000= >+000= >+000= >+000= >+0007 >+0007 >+0007 >+0007 >+0007 >+0007 >+0006 >+0006 >+0006 >+0006 >+0006 >+0006 >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+0003 >+0003
#%t) >+>>8? >+>>8? >+>>89 >+>>89 >+>>88 >+>>88 >+>>88 >+>>8> >+>>8> >+>>8> >+>>>0 >+>>>0 >+>>>0 >+>>>3 >+>>>3 >+>>>3 >+>>>3 >+>>>: >+>>>: >+>>>: >+>>>: >+>>>6 >+>>>6 >+>>>6 >+>>>6 >+>>>6 >+>>>7 >+>>>7 >+>>>7 >+>>>7 >+>>>7 >+>>>7 >+>>>= >+>>>= >+>>>= >+>>>= >+>>>= >+>>>= >+>>>? >+>>>? >+>>>? >+>>>? >+>>>? >+>>>? >+>>>? >+>>>? >+>>>? >+>>>? >+>>>9 >+>>>9
M#t) >+00:= >+00:7 >+00:6 >+00:6 >+00:: >+00:3 >+00:0 >+00:0 >+003> >+0038 >+0038 >+0039 >+003? >+003? >+003= >+003= >+0037 >+0037 >+0036 >+0036 >+003: >+003: >+0033 >+0033 >+0033 >+0030 >+0030 >+000> >+000> >+000> >+0008 >+0008 >+0008 >+0009 >+0009 >+0009 >+0009 >+000? >+000? >+000? >+000= >+000= >+000= >+000= >+000= >+0007 >+0007 >+0007 >+0007 >+0007
t ?+78 ?+79 ?+7? ?+7= ?+77 ?+76 ?+7: ?+73 ?+70 ?+6> ?+68 ?+69 ?+6? ?+6= ?+67 ?+66 ?+6: ?+63 ?+60 ?+:> ?+:8 ?+:9 ?+:? ?+:= ?+:7 ?+:6 ?+:: ?+:3 ?+:0 ?+3> ?+38 ?+39 ?+3? ?+3= ?+37 ?+36 ?+3: ?+33 ?+30 ?+0> ?+08 ?+09 ?+0? ?+0= ?+07 ?+06 ?+0: ?+03 ?+00 =+>>
#t) >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 8+>>>> 8+>>>> 8+>>>> 8+>>>> 8+>>>> 8+>>>> 8+>>>> 8+>>>> 8+>>>> 8+>>>> 8+>>>>
#%t) >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>9 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>8 >+>>>> >+>>>> >+>>>> >+>>>> >+>>>> >+>>>> >+>>>> >+>>>> >+>>>> >+>>>> >+>>>>
M#t) >+0006 >+0006 >+0006 >+0006 >+0006 >+0006 >+0006 >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+000: >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0003 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000 >+0000
?9
M`s}y`iwo`ÿl Layehk Hljgk Fyhlo`soa Hyvgka K,
]hikh 9,?4 Vhkaygs mg ‛t― gl fwlo`ÿl mgk èygh Hygh >+>>8 >+>>7 >+>8> >+>9> >+>97 >+>?> >+>=> >+>7> >+>6> >+>:> >+>3> >+>0> >+8>> >+88> >+89> >+8?> >+8=> >+87> >+86> >+8:> >+83> >+80> >+9>> >+98> >+99> >+9?> >+9=> >+97> >+96> >+9:> >+93> >+90> >+?>> >+?8> >+?9> >+??> >+?=> >+?7> >+?6> >+?:> >+?3> >+?0> >+=>> >+=8> >+=9> >+=?> >+==> >+=7> >+=6> >+=:> >+=3> >+=0> >+7>>
H kh `txw`gymh %?+>0> %9+7:6 %9+?96 %9+>7= %8+06> %8+338 %8+:78 %8+6=7 %8+777 %8+=:6 %8+=>7 %8+?=8 %8+939 %8+99: %8+8:7 %8+896 %8+>3> %8+>?6 %>+00= %>+07= %>+087 %>+3:3 %>+3=9 %>+3>6 %>+::9 %>+:?0 %>+:>6 %>+6:= %>+6=? %>+68? %>+73? %>+77? %>+79= %>+=06 %>+=63 %>+==> %>+=89 %>+?37 %>+?73 %>+??9 %>+?>7 %>+9:0 %>+97? %>+993 %>+9>9 %>+8:6 %>+878 %>+896 %>+8>> %>+>:7 %>+>7> %>+>97 >+>>>
Ogl}yhk >+>>8 >+>>6 >+>8? >+>97 >+>?8 >+>?3 >+>7> >+>6? >+>:7 >+>33 >+8>> >+88? >+896 >+8?3 >+878 >+86= >+8:6 >+830 >+9>9 >+987 >+993 >+9=> >+97? >+966 >+9:0 >+909 >+?>7 >+?80 >+??9 >+?=7 >+?73 >+?:9 >+?37 >+?00 >+=89 >+=96 >+==> >+=7= >+=63 >+=39 >+=06 >+78> >+79= >+7?0 >+77? >+763 >+73? >+703 >+68? >+693 >+6=? >+670 >+6:=
Hygh >+78> >+79> >+7?> >+7=> >+77> >+76> >+7:> >+73> >+70> >+6>> >+68> >+69> >+6?> >+6=> >+67> >+66> >+6:> >+63> >+60> >+:>> >+:8> >+:9> >+:?> >+:=> >+:7> >+:6> >+::> >+:3> >+:0> >+3>> >+38> >+39> >+3?> >+3=> >+37> >+36> >+3:> >+33> >+30> >+0>> >+08> >+09> >+0?> >+0=> >+07> >+06> >+0:> >+0:7 >+03> >+00> >+007 >+000 8+>>>
H kh `txw`gymh >+>97 >+>7> >+>:7 >+8>> >+896 >+878 >+8:6 >+9>9 >+993 >+97? >+9:0 >+?>7 >+??9 >+?73 >+?37 >+=89 >+==> >+=63 >+=06 >+79= >+77? >+73? >+68? >+6=? >+6:= >+:>6 >+:?0 >+::9 >+3>6 >+3=9 >+3:3 >+087 >+07= >+00= 8+>?6 8+>3> 8+896 8+8:7 8+99: 8+939 8+?=8 8+=>7 8+=:6 8+777 8+6=7 8+:78 8+338 8+06> 9+>7= 9+?96 9+7:6 ?+>0>
Ogl}yhk >+60> >+:>6 >+:99 >+:?0 >+:77 >+::9 >+:30 >+3>6 >+39= >+3=9 >+36> >+3:3 >+306 >+087 >+0?7 >+07= >+0:= >+00= 8+>87 8+>?6 8+>73 8+>3> 8+8>? 8+896 8+87> 8+8:7 8+9>> 8+99: 8+97= 8+939 8+?88 8+?=8 8+?:9 8+=>7 8+==> 8+=:6 8+78= 8+777 8+703 8+6=7 8+607 8+:78 8+389 8+338 8+06> 9+>7= 9+8:> 9+9=8 9+?96 9+7:6 9+3>: ?+90>