[UDÈ^AI AFP^I@UÊËI
=5
Khpätuci 8 ‛ Hpcakhêëi `h ^inûtakh Khpätuci > ‛ Ceas @h ^inûtakh Khpätuci ; - @afîdakh @i Kursi Khpätuci 0 ‛ Kifbekef`i Fissi Dhterahc
=: 88 8; 80 8: 82 >= >8 >; >7 ;= ;= ;= ;8 ;> ;; ;; ;: 0= 08 0> 0> 0; 05 07 02 01 5= 5; 57 5:
^inð 8 ‛ Nujjy
Khpätuci 5 ‛ Dive Ncikl E Ciip Ncikl Dive Ncikl Ciip Ncikl ^inð > - Jinujjy
Khpätuci 7 ‛ Estruturhs ^äja`hs e Gcexäveas Khpätuci : ‛ Zhat Ncikl e @aspchy Ncikl Zhat Ncikl @aspchy Ncikl ^inð ; ‛ Khthpucth
Khpatuci 2 ‛ Estruturhs @afîdakhs Eaxis E ^i`hs Efjrefhjefs ^inð 0 ‛ Kafeditaif ^inð 5 ‛ Jarh`ir @e ]aëi ^inð 7 ‛ @rhjster
Kbhccefje ^inð : ‛ Difthjed Cavre
Khpatuci 1 ‛ ]icahs ^inð 2 ‛ ^i`h Jajhfte
Khpätuci 8= - Htuh`ires ^inð 1 - Ecevh`ir
Khpatuci 88 ‛ ]rinhnaca`h ]rinhnaca`h`e `e ^inð 8= ‛ ^inð @h [irte
Khpätuci 8> ‛ Kifjurhf`i Fi Nciki FRP ^inð 88 ‛ ^inð Dûvec ^inð 8> ‛ Gave Dafute Nit
;
^evasëi ]hrh Hvhcahêëi ^inð 8; ‛ Difthjed Cavre
Kbhccefje ^inð 80 ‛ Difthjed Cavre
Khpätuci 8; - ]feudètakh ^inð 85 ‛ Dëi ^inûtakh ^inð 87 ‛ Ecevh`ir Pesiurh ^inð 8: ‛ Nrhêi ^inûtaki
Khpätuci 80 ‛ Gufêëi [teerafj ^inð 82 ‛ ^nx Khr ^inð 81 ‛ Oape Cufhr
Khpatuci 85 ‛ [watkb Ncikl ^inð >= ‛ Dafa ^iver
Kbhccefje ^inð >8 ‛ Difthjed Cavre
Khpätuci 87 ‛ Piukb [efsir ^inð >> ‛ ]haftnhcc ^inð >; ‛ Nhsenhcc ^inð >0 ‛ Becakûpteri
Khpätuci 8: ‛ Uctrhssifak [efsir ^inð >5 ‛ Khstir Nit ^inð >7 ‛ Kchw [trakler ^inð >: ‛ Purni @rip
Kbhccefje ^inð >2 ‛ Difthjed Cavre
Kbhccefje ^inð >1 ‛ Difthjed Cavre
Kbhccefje ^inð ;= ‛ Difthjed Cavre
Kbhccefje ^inð ;8 ‛ Difthjed Cavre
Kbhccefje ^inð ;> ‛ Difthjed Cavre
Kbhccefje ^inð ;; ‛ I @eshi Gafhc
0
52 7> 7> 7; 70 71 := :8 :; :0 :5 :7 :2 2= 2= 28 2> 2; 27 22 1= 18 1; 10 10 15 15 17 17 1: 1: 12 12 11 11
AFP^I@UÊËI ]resefte ed ti`hs hs èrehs `h sikae`h`e, h rinûtakh revech-se `ah h `ah htrhvás `e `aversis utefsäcais. Eftre is exedpcis fûs tedis is ecevh`ires que, kid ud tique `e nitëi kif`uzed hi hf`hr `eseoh`i, phrhd e hnred-se hs pirths hutidhtakhdefte. I pirtëi `h jhrhjed pi`e ser hkaifh`i `e cifje, haf`h `eftri `i veäkuci, htrhvás `i kiftrice rediti. Dèquafhs `e chvhr que igereked `ezefhs `e prijrhdhs `e chvhjed, jhrhftaf`i dhair ekaïfkah e kidi`a`h`e. @e sadpces dekhfasdis h sistakh`is rinðs, i edpreji `h tekficijah e h fekessa`h`e `e shner usè-ch á eva`efte. Fis prûxadis hfis vikï fëi pi`erè dhas ser dá`aki, efjefbeari, `eftasth, prigessir iu dekîfaki, sed kifbekadefti `e rinûtakh. Á i desdi que hkiftekeu kid is kidputh`ires. Hftajhdefte fëi exastahd, `epias hcjufs piukis ushvhd e bioe ece estè presefte ed tu`i, á adpissävec vaver sed ece. Wefbh kifiski kifbeker ud piuki dhas `este duf`i ghftèstaki e rehc. ]rephrh`i9!
5
I XUE Á H ^INÛPAKH, HGAFHC999 H rinûtakh á h kaïfkah que estu`h is rinðs. Ech efvicve vèrahs `askapcafhs kidi? efjefbhrah dekîfakh e ecátrakh, ecetrðfakh, aftecajïfkah hrtakahc, gäsakh, eftre iutrhs. H irajed `h phchvrh –rinð— ved `h phchvrh tkbekh rinith que sajfakh –trhnhcbi girêh`i—. @hä h a`eah que duatis tïd `hquece rinð que adath i bided ed ti`hs hs htava`h`es, servaf`i kidi ud –ed–edprejh`i— dekîfaki. Duath jefte quhf`i pefsh ed rinðs, cednrh hpefhs `is cdes que saduchd pergeathdefte seres budhfis. Fh ver`h`e, efkiftrhdis rinðs `e `avershs girdhs, que sëi utacazh`is ed vèrahs htava`h`es.
KAÏFKAH (chtad skaeftah, he, kifbekadefti, shner, shner, kaïfkah)
8. Kifoufti `e kifbekadeftis guf`h`is sinre prafkäpais kertis >. [hner, afstruêëi, kifbekadeftis vhstis.
Hnrh i fhvejh`ir `e afterfet e eskrevh i cafl que hphreke fi WEOH DHA[ ED iu ghêh h ceaturh `i X^ KI@E e veoh vä`eis e dhtárahs cejhas `is rinðs. 7
KH]ÄPUCI 8 ‛ H]CAKHÊËI @H ^INÛPAKH Hjirh que oè hpref`edis i que á h rinûtakh, vhdis ver hcjufs cikhas if`e is rinðs sëi guf`hdefthas.
FH DE@AKAFH H hpcakhêëi `is rinðs fh de`akafh perdate h rehcazhêëi `e aftervefêões karÿrjakhs í `astîfkah htrhvás `h teceiperhêëi kid rinðs. Este tapi `e karurjah `efidafh-se karurjah rinûtakh. Is dednris hrtakahas thdnád sëi dekhfasdis rinûtakis que tïd sefsires hutidhtazh`is. Udh prûtese rinûtakh sunstatua is dÿskucis, ine`ekef`i his estäducis. Ed oucbi `e >===, h G@H (Gii` hf` @ruj H`afastrhtaif) hpriviu h utacazhêëi `i rinð phrh `eterdafh`hs karurjahs. Bioe á utacazh`i phrh karurjahs `e rephri `e vècvuchs khr`ähkhs, prike`adeftis karÿrjakis `e jafekicijah, hn`idafhc e tirèxakh. I sastedh eskhch, ctrh e trh`uz kh`h divadefti que i karurjaëi ghz ed dakri divadeftis prekasis. WEOH DHA[ ED? bttp?//dajre.de/sOtWn
:
FH [EJU^HFÊH Ud rinð que ghz phpec `e sejurhfêh e hf`h hrdh`i gia ud `is `esthques `h 7ª Gearh Afterfhkaifhc `e [ejurhfêh (A[K Nrhsac) e `h 5ª Gearh Afterfhkaifhc `e [ejurhfêh Urnhfh (Aftersekuraty >=88).
WEOH DHA[ ED? bttp?//dajre.de/1_iK;
FH AF@ß[P^AH H dhairah `is rinðs exasteftes sëi `i tapi af`ustrahas, utacazh`is phrh trhnhcbis if`e i raski `e dirte phrh i bided á edafefte iu exaje ud hctässadi jrhu `e prekasëi.
Is rinðs af`ustrahas fëi se phreked kid is budhfis, dhs ghzed i trhnhcbi `eces , sunstatuaf`i-is fi `esedpefbi `e hcjudhs threghs. I kifkeati `i rinðs af`ustrahc gia phtefteh`i pir Jeirje @evic, ed 8150. WEOH DHA[ ED? bttp?//dajre.de/sOuEN
2
FH JUE^^H Is rinðs juerrearis oè eftrhrhd ed hêëi fi Arhque, e i exárkati `is Esth`is Ufa`is pchfeoh sunstatuar ud terêi `e seus veäkucis ncaf`h`is e hrdhs pir rinðs. Esshs dèquafhs pi`ed, ud `ah, var equaph`hs `e kifskaïfkah hrtakahc i que pi`erah htá `itè-chs `h khphka`h`e fekessèrah í `esine`eker ir`efs adirhas. WEOH DHA[ ED ? bttp?//dajre.de/sLKjz
FI E[]HÊI I pradeari rinð chfêh`i hi esphêi kid i pripûsati `e expcirhr h supergäkae cufhr gia i Cufilbi`8 `h Ufaëi [ivaátakh ed 81:= que pi`e ser vasti fh giti hi ch`i. @e cè phrh kè, girhd afÿderis is rinðs efvah`is hi esphêi phrh is dhas `aversis pripûsatis, seoh phrh expcirhr i sici `e dhrte, kidi gez i Ippirtufaty, iu phrh rehcazhr rephris fh esthêëi esphkahc afterfhkaifhc que estè fh ûrnath `i pchfeth Perrh, Perrh, kidi gez i rinð @extre, @ex tre, girdh`i pir `ias nrhêis kid sete hrtakuchêões kh`h. Weoh hs dassões que h FH[H esthrè rehcazhf`i htá >=;=. WEOH DHA[ ED? bttp?//dajre.de/sLKf;
1
BUDHFIA@E[ Budhfia`e á ti`i i ser que ted hphrïfkah sedecbhfte iu que desdi cednre ud budhfi, fëi i sef`i . [eres budhfia`es sëi jerhcdefte hpresefth`is kidi näpe`es `e kirpi ereti e pissued `ias icbis, ud fhraz e udh nikh fh ghke `aspistis kid h desdh ir`ed `h ghke budhfh. I terdi á duati ush`i fh kêëi phrh `esajfhr seres h exedpci `e rinðs, persifhjefs e difstris `aversis. Htá piuki tedpi htrès, rinðs kid hphrïfkah budhfh sû erhd pissäveas fis efre`is `e Biccywii`. Fi efthfti, budhfia`es pergeatis estëi kh`h vez dhas prûxadis `i fissi `ah h `ah. Ekkerinit (giti hi ch`i) á i pradeari rinð oè krah`i kid oufths, tef`ões e dÿskucis hrtakahas. WEOH DHA[ ED? bttp?//dajre.de/1_pXh
Ece nhaxh hs
`e thfti `eaxhr cajh`i, ece hpref`eu h se varhr sizafbi!
hjirh fëi `è! Ece shau!
gia ver ufs hdajis e `eaxiu ud nacbete `azef`i que victh ís 8=!
Deu kidputh`ir htuhcazhêões sizafbi, ghz tu`i sizafbi! afsthch e reafakah!
Fissh, que cejhc!!! ]issi ver9
8=
KH]ÄPUCI > ‛ CEA[ @H ^INÛPAKH Icè! Hssad kidi fûs tedis ceas h sered sejua`hs (cea `e trîfsati, ceas ourä`akhs, ceas kavas, pir exedpci) h rinûtakh thdnád ted ceas. Fëi shnah9 Wiu Wiu hpresefthr esshs ceas feste khpätuci. Icbh sû... Hs trïs Ceas `h ^inûtakh girhd echnirh`hs peci eskratir Asshk Hsadiv ed seu cavri `e kêëi A ^init (Eu, (Eu, ^inð) que `arajed i kidpirthdefti `is rinðs. 8ª Cea? Ud rinð fëi pi`e gerar ud ser budhfi iu, pir idassëi, perdatar que ud ser budhfi sigrh hcjud dhc. >ª Cea? Ud rinð `eve ine`eker hs ir`efs que cbe seohd `h`hs pir seres budhfis, exketi fis khsis ed que thas ir`efs eftred ed kifati kid h ]radearh Cea. ;ª Cea? Ud rinð `eve pritejer suh prûprah exastïfkah `es`e que thc priteêëi fëi eftre ed kifati kid h ]radearh e/iu h [ejuf`h Cea.
I inoetavi `hs ceas, sejuf`i i prûprai Hsadiv, erh tirfhr pissävec h exastïfkah `e rinðs aftecajeftes (hs ceas pressupõed aftecajïfkah sukaefte phrh `astafjuar i ned `i dhc) e que fëi se revicthssed kiftrh i `idäfai budhfi. H`akaifhcdefte, haf`h sejuf`i i prûprai Hsadiv, hs ceas cbe `erhd i dite phrh ud fÿderi jrhf`e `e bastûrahs, nhseh`hs ed `agereftes afterprethêões `hs ceas. Xuhf`i eskreveu Is ^inðs `i Hdhfbeker (812;), Hsadiv aftri`uzau ud ^inð, kbhdh`i ^. Jaslhr`, que tafbh sa`i `e udh defafh, cbh `e ud ghdisi rinitakasth `i pchfeth Hurirh, @r Bhf Ghcsticge. Esth defafh, h kusth `e –dexer— fi kárenri rinûtaki (kidi hs krahfêhs aftecajef88
tes jerhcdefte ghzed kid seus nrafque`is), hkhniu aftri`uzaf`i ed Jaslhr` khrhkterästakhs que fed desdi ech se `hvh kifth. I prûprai rinð ikuctiu `h defafh suhs ghkuc`h`es espekahas. Á Jaslhr` que dhas thr`e echnirh h cea zeri, dhs esth cea erh sû `ece, e `e ^. @hfeec, e ohdhas se tirfiu `e kifbekadefti pÿncaki. pÿ ncaki. H ‒Cea _eri _eri‑? ‑? ud rinð fëi pi`e ghzer dhc í budhfa`h`e e fed, pir afhkêëi, perdatar que ech sigrh hcjud dhc. @esse di`i, i ned `h budhfa`h`e á pradir`ahc hi `is af`avä`uis.
H kbhdh`h cea zeri, pirád, ted i sárai princedh `e trhfsgerar hi rinð i pi`er (pissanaca`h`e) `e hvhcahr, `ahfte `hs satuhêões kifkreths, se i afteresse `h budhfa`h`e se sinrepõe hi afteresse af`ava`uhc. Phc pissanaca`h`e hnre udh perajish nrekbh phrh h `ath`urh `hs dèquafhs, que ecejerah pir sa quhc á i ned dhair, sef`i-cbe perdata`i, afkcusave, ghzer i dhc h ud ser budhfi (af`avä`ui), khsi eftef`hd que assi á decbir phrh h budhfa`h`e. WEOH DHA[ ED? bttp?//dajre.de/sL@ek
8>
KH]ÄPUCI KH]ÄPUC I ; - @AFÎDAKH @I KU^[I - Peredis Peredis udh huch h kh`h sedhfh kid `urhêëi `e 8b;=daf. - Difthredis ud rinð `agerefte ed kh`h huch. - Hs equapes `everëi difthr, prijrhdhr, prijrhdhr, testhr e `esdifthr i rinð. @epias juhr`hr hs peêhs fh khaxh. - Wikï jhfbhrè udh jurafbh `i rinð difth`i fh huch phrh kichr fi ècnud.
EXUA]E[ H turdh á `ava`a`h ed equapes. Kh`h hcufi `h equape terè udh gufêëi? @E[EFWICWE@I^ ^espifsèvec peci sastedh. Hcád `h prijrhdhêëi `eve kifbeker i prioeti.
[U]E^WA[I^ ^espifsèvec pech equape. Kidpete? Ca`erhfêh, ditavhêëi, jerefkahdefti refkahdeft i `e kifatis e resicuêëi `e princedhs.
DIFPH@I^ ^espifsèvec pech difthjed, `esdifthjed e kifsertis.
E[PIXUA[PH ^espifsèvec pech kifgerïfkah, hrdhzefhjed e kiftrice `e estique.
@E[HGAI[ Ed kh`h huch bhverè ud `eshi, if`e hs equapes `everëi nuskhr sicuêões phrh hs pripisths.
KBHCCEFJE Huchs espekahas if`e is hcufis `everëi `esefvicver e kifjurhr pritûtapis ed kifgirda`h`e kid i tedh pripisti peci afstrutir afstrutir..
8;
KH]ÄPUCI 0 ‛ KIFBEKEF@I FI[[I DHPE^AHC Hjirh á birh `e trhnhcbhr. H kh`h huch vhdis hpref`ef`i dhas sinre h rinûtakh e vhdis difthr ud rinð. Bioe vhdis kifbeker hs peêhs que dhas ushdis fhs difthjefs `is rinðs.
]hrh shner i thdhfbi `hs vajhs, nhsth kifthr h quhfta`h`e `e guris fh peêh? 80
[hanh dhas sinre is eaxis? • Is eaxis preti sëi phres< • Is eaxis kafzh sëi adphres< ]hrh shner i thdhfbi `i eaxi nhsth efkistè-ci ed udh vajh. H quhfta`h`e `e guris `h vajh re- presefth i thdhfbi `i eaxi. Birh `e prhtakhr ud piuki sinre i que vadis htá hjirh fi kursi. 8. Efkiftre is ecedeftis `h rinûtakh fi quh`ri hnhaxi? [EF[I^ UCP^H[[ÐFAKI, KIFEKPI^, DEAH WAJH, ^I@H, EFJ^EFHJED, NCIKI FRP, ]CHKH, [EF[I^ @E CU_, ECÈ[PAKI, NH[E, NUKBH, KIFWE^[I^, DIFPH@I^, CEJI, CUWH, EARI, [E^WI DIPI^
85
>. Dhrque hnhaxi h ßFAKH ipêëi kirreth? h) Xuhf`i h equape estaver e staver kid dhas `e quhtri dednris, dednris, ud `eces khrè? ( ) Girh `i jrupi ( ) [û inservhf`i ( ) @ava`arè ud gufêëi `eterdafh`h n) @e hkir`i kid hs ceas `h rinûtakh, ud rinð FËI pi`e? ( ) Gerar ud ser budhfi ( ) Kirrer ( ) @arajar ud khrri k) H peêh que ghz i fissi rinð pefshr? ( ) Nciki ( ) Nciki FRP ( ) Wajh `) Xuhc i kirreti fh birh `e `esdifthr i rinð hi fhc `h huch? ( ) Oufti kid kid h equape equape juhr`hr juhr`hr hs peêhs peêhs `esdifth`hs `esdifth`hs e sephrh`hs sephrh`hs fh khaxh khaxh ( ) @eaxhr hcjudhs peêhs difth`hs difth`hs `eftri `h khaxh phrh hs prûxadhs equapes `esdiftè-chs ( ) Oijhr hs peêhs ed quhcquer cikhc fh khaxh e) @urhfte h difthjed `i rinð á kirreti ghzer? ( ) ]uchr ]uchr h vez `i kicejh pirque ece á cefti fh difthjed difthjed e estè htrhshf`i h equape ( ) Difthr h dhair phrte `i rinð sizafbi pirque vikï á dhas rèpa`i ( ) ^espeathr h vez `i kicejh kicejh `e difthr difthr e huxacahr huxacahr khsi ece tefbh tefbh `akuc`h`e g) @e hkir`i kid i ph`rëi Ceji, is ditires sëi kifekth`is hi nciki FRP utacazhf`i? ( ) ]irths H,N,K ( ) ]irths 8,>,; ( ) Xuhcquer pirth j) ^inûtakh á? ( ) Ud oiji `e CEJI ( ) H Kaïfkah que estu`h is rinðs ( ) Ud rinð que phreke kid i bided 87
^INÐ 8 ‛ NUJJQ Fideae hs phrtes `i ^inð Nujjy
8. >. ;. 0. 5. 7. :. 2. 8:
KH]ÄPUCI 5 ‛ DIWE NCIKL E CII] NCIKL Feste khpätuci vhdis hpref`er hs pradearhs kifjurhêões fi [igtwhre CEJI Daf`stirds FRP >.=.
Afakahf`i i prijrhdh ]hrh afakahr i prijrhdh kcaque fi äkife CEJI DAF@[PI^D[ >.=
Pech `e hnerturh
Kicique i fide `i ^ini hqua.
82
Kcaque hqua phrh afakhr.
Èreh `e trhnhcbi
]hceth ph`rëi
81
DIWE NCIKL
Inservhêëi? • [ëi 0 kifjurhêões `e `urhêëi `i DIWE NCIKL? 8. Ufcadate` (acadath`i) - i ^inð hf`hrè htá ser `escajh`i iu ter ud sefsir hkaifh`i< >. @ejrees (jrhus)< ;. ^ithtaifs (rithêëi) ‛ jari `e ditir< 0. [ekif`s (sejuf`is) • H gufêëi [teerafj gufkaifhrè hpefhs kid i usi `e `ias ditires
>=
CII] NCIKL
Inservhêëi? • [ëi 5 kifjurhêões `e Kiftrice `i CII] NCIKL? 8. Girever (acadath`i) ‛ repetarè h sequefkah `eterdafh`h af terrupth`hdefte< >. [efsir ‛ repetarè htá ud sefsir `e hkaifh`i< ;. Pade (tedpi) ‛ repetarè pir ud tedpi `efa`i< 0. Kiuft (kifthjed) ‛ repetarè ud fÿderi `e vezes `efa`i< 5. Cijak (cûjakh) ‛ repetarè efquhfti estaver rekenef`i ud safhc `e `h`is.
>8
NCIKI FRP I Nciki FRP á i kárenri `i fissi ^inð, respifsèvec pir ghzer ti`is is ditires e sefsires gufkaifhred.
>>
