PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGGUNA JASA PADA PT. PELABUHAN INDONESIA IV (PERSERO) CABANG TERMINAL PETIKEMAS DI MAKASSAR

TJEMI_Z@ HZILGRIQ TJLIWIEIE RJ_@IBIT HJTZIQIE TJEMMZEI FIQI TIBI TR% TJLIOZ@IE GEBKEJQGI GS (TJ_QJ_K' AIOIEM RJ_NGEIL TJRGHJNIQ BG NIHIQQI_

QH_GTQG Bgifzhie Zezh Njnjez`g Tjrqwiriie Qirfiei Tibi Fzrzqie Nieifjnje Cihzliq Jhkekng Zegsjrqgiq @iqiezbbge Nihiqqir

Bgqzqze Klj` 6 RINI_I IZLGI I?99 4= 374 NIEIFJNJE

FZ_ZQIE NIEIFJNJE CIHZLRIQ JHKEKNG ZEGSJ_QGRIQ @IQIEZBBGE NIHIQQI_ ?499

TJEMI_Z@ HZILGRIQ TJLIWIEIE RJ_@IBIT HJTZIQIE TJEMMZEI FIQI TIBI TR% TJLIOZ@IE GEBKEJQGI GS (TJ_QJ_K' AIOIEM RJ_NGEIL TJRGHJNIQ BG NIHIQQI_

Bgifzhie Klj`6

RINI_I IZLGI I?99 4= 374

Rjli` Bgqjzfzg Klj`6

Bkqje Tjnognogem

Tjnognogem G

Tjnognogem GG

Br% Nz`% Gqnigl, QJ%, N%Qg

_kng Qjgi}ie, QJ%, NQN

EGT%973799?94 EGT% 973799?94 970099 9 449

EGT%97=:949? ?44049 9 44=

TJEMI_Z@ HZILGRI HZILGRIQ Q TJLIWIEI IEIE E RJ RJ_@IB _@IBIT IT HJTZIQIE TJEMMZE TJEMMZEI I FIQI TIB IBI I TR% TJLIOZ@ IOZ@IE IE GEB EBKEJQ KEJQGGI (TJ (TJ_QJ_K' AIOIEM RJ_N _NGGEIL TJRGHJ RGHJN IQ BG NIHIQQI_

Bgtjrqgithie bie Bgqzqze Klj` RINI_I IZLGI I ?99 4 = 3 74

Rjli` bgtjri`iehie bg bjtie Bj}ie Tjemzfg Tibi Riemmil, ?1 Eksjnojr ?499 Bie bgewiihie LZLZQ Bj}ie Tjemzfg

Ek

Eini Tjemzfg

Fioiie

Riebi Riemie

9%

Br% Nz`% Gqnigl, QJ%, N%Qg

Hjzi

‣‣‣‣‣‣%%

?%

_kng Qjgi}ie, QJ%, NQN

Qjhrjirgq

‣‣‣‣‣‣%%

1%

Trkc% Br% @% Qwinqz Ilin, QJ%, N%Qg

Iemmki

‣‣‣‣‣‣%%

2%

Br% @f% Ezrfieei` @ingb, N%Imr

Iemmki

‣‣‣‣‣‣%%

:%

Brq% Irniwi, N%Qg

Iemmki

‣‣‣‣‣‣%%

Bgqjrzfzg gqjrzf zg Klj`6 Fzrzqie Nieifjnje

Rgn Tjemzfg

Cihzliq Jhkekng

Fzrzqie Nieifjnje

Zegsjrqgiq @iqiezbbge

Cihzliq Jhkekng

Hjzi,

Zegsjrqgiq @iqiezbbge Hjzi,

Br% Nz`% Wzezq Inir, QJ%, NR

Br% Nz`% Gqnigl, QJ%, N%Qg

EGT% 973?4214 970094 9 449

EGT% 973799?94 973799?94 970099 9 449

IOQR_IH Riniri Izlgi % ?499% “Tjemirz` Hzilgiq Tjliwieie Rjr`ibit Hjtziqie Tjemmzei Fiqi Tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' (Tjrqjrk' Aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Bg Nihiqqir„%(bgognogem klj` Br% Nz`% Gqnigl, QJ%, N%Qg bie _kng Qjgi}ie, QJ %, NQN'% Tjejlggie geg ojrzfzie zezh njemji`zg bie njemilgqi qjojriti ojqir tjemirz` hzilgiq liwieie jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie wiem bgriqihie klj` tjemmzei fiqi wiem njemmzeihie fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Tjlioz `ie Gebkejqgi Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' ( Tjrqjrk' Aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq% Nkbjl wiem bgmzeihie bilin tjejlggie geg ibili` njkbj koqjrsiqg, }i}ieairi, hzjqgkejr, bie qzbg hjtzqihiie bjemie njemmzeihie qhili lghjr bie njkbj tjejezie qintjl wigz 71 qintjl% Njkbj ieilgqgq wiem bgmzeihie ibili` njkbj rjmrjqg lgejir rjmrjqqgke'% ojrmiebi (nzlg lgejir rjmrjqqgke @iqgl tjejlggie njezefzhhie oi`}i hzilgiq tjliwieie wiem jrbgrg iiq  _jilgoglgw (P9', Iqqzrieaj (P?', Jnti`w (P1', Riemgolj (P2', bie _jqtkeqgsjejqq (P:' qjairi ojrqini. qini njnglghg tjemirz` wiem tkqggc% Bg niei tjrqiniie rjmrjqg W > ?,3?9  4,94: P 9  4,90? P?  4,92: P1 4,994 P2  4,1=1 P :% Qjlige gz, bjemie zfg C bglg`i oi`}i hzilgiq tjliwieie njnglghg tjemirz` wiem qgmegcghie jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie bjemie gemhi qgmegcghieqg qjojqir 4,444 iiz 4*% Einze ojrbiqirhie zfg tirqgil (', qjnzi sirgiojl njnglghg tjemirz` wiem qgmegcghie jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie bjemie gemhi qgmegcghie zezh  _jilgoglgw  _jilgoglgw qjojqir 4,42? iiz 4,2?*8  Iqqzrieaj qjojqir 4,441 iiz 4,1*8 Riemgolj qjojqir 4,444 iiz 4*8  Jnt`iw 4,424 iiz 4*,24 bie  _jqtkeqgsjejqq qjojqir 4,49= iiz 4,9=*%

IOQR_IAR Riniri Izlgi% ?499% /Geclzjeaj Kc Yzilgw kc Qjrsgajq Imigeq Azqknjr Qigqciagke I TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' Oriea`jq Oriea`jq Kc Nihiqqir Akeigejr /% (mzgbjb (mzgbjb ow Br% Nz`%Gqnigl,QJ%,N%Qg ieb _kngQjgi}ie,QJ%,NQN'% R`gq rjqjira` ignq k bjjrngej ieb ieilwvj `k} nza` geclzjeaj `j yzilgw kc qjrsgaj k `j ljsjl kc qigqciagke cjl ow azqknjrq }`k zqj `j qjrsgajq kc TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' Oriea`jq Kc Nihiqqir Akeigejr% R`j nkbjl zqjb ge `gq rjqjira` irj `j nj`kb kc koqjrsigke, gejrsgj}q, yzjqgkeeigrjq, ieb lgjrizrj qzbw zqgem i Lgehjr qailj ieb nj`kb kc bjjrngeigke kc `j qintlj zqjb }iq 71 qintljq% R`j nj`kb kc ieilwqgq }jrj zqjb nzlgtlj lgejir rjmrjqqgke nj`kbq% R`j rjqzlq q`k}jb `i `j yzilgw kc qjrsgaj }`ga` akeqgqq kc   _jilgoglgw (P9', _jqtkeqgsjejqq (P?', Iqqzrieaj (P1', Jnt`iw (P2', ieb Riemgolj (P:' kmj`jr `isj i tkqggsj geclzjeaj% ]`jrj `j rjmrjqqgke jyzigke W > ?,3?9  4,94: P 9  4,90? P ?  4,92: P1 4,994 P2  4,1=1 P : % Ge ibbggke, `j C jq ckzeb `i qjrsgaj yzilgw `iq i qgmegcgaie jccja ke azqknjr qigqciagke }g` i qgmegcgaieaj ljsjl kc 4%444 kr 4*% @k}jsjr, oiqjb ke tirgil jq (', ill sirgioljq `isj i qgmegcgaie jccja ke azqknjr qigqciagke }g` i qgmegcgaie ljsjl ckr  _jilgoglgw kc 4,42? kr 2%?*8  Iqqzrieaj kc 4,441 kr 4,1*8 Riemgolj kc  4,444 kr 4*8  Jnt`iw 4,424 kr 2%4* ieb _jqtkeqgsjejqq  _jqtkeqgsjejqq kc 4,49= kr 9%=*%

HIRI TJEMIERI_  Ogqqngllii`g ri`nieg ri`nieg ri`ggn

Tzfg bie qwzhzr tjezlgq tiefihie hj`ibgri Illi` Q]R iiq ojrhi` bie iezmri`ewi qjri hiqg` qiwiem.Ewi qj`gemmi tjezlgq biti njewzqze qhrgtqg geg }iliztze bilin ojezh  wiem niqg` qiemi qjbjr`iei bjemie fzbzl 6 “Tjemirz` Hzilgiq Tjliwieie Rjr`ibit Hjtziqie Tjemmzei Fiqi Tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' Aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Bg N ihiqqir„% ihiqqir„% Bjemie rintzemewi qhrgtqg geg, tjezlgq njemzaithie jrgni hiqg` hjtibi qjnzi tg`ih wiem jli` njnoiez jrqjljqighieew  jrqjljqighieewi i qhrgtqg geg% Zaitie  jrgni hiqg` tjezlgq ojrghie hjtibi hjbzi Kriem Rzi Rjragei , qizbiri.qizbiri tjezlgq qjri jnie.jniehz iiq oiezie, eiqj`i, bie nkgsiqg wiem bgojrghie qjlini tjezlgqie qhrgtqg geg% Qjnkmi oiezie wiem bgojrghie klj` qjnzi tg`ih njebiti oiliqie klj` Illi` Q]R% Bjemie riqi jrgni hiqg` bie rjebi` `ig tjezlgq njemzaithie jrgni hiqg` wiem qjojqir.qjojqirewi qjojqir.qjojqirewi hjtibi wiem jr`krni 6 9% Oitih B_% Nz`% Gqnigl, QJ%, N%Qg qjoimig tjnognogem G bie Oitih _kng Qjgi}ie, QJ%, NQN qjoimig tjnognogem GG wiem bjemie qjeiem `ig njlziemhie }ihzewi njnoiez tjezlgq bilin tjnjrghqiie qhrgtqg geg% ?% Oitih + Goz bkqje wiem jli` ojmgz zlzq njnojhilg tjezlgq bjemie glnz bie tjlifirie wiem qiemi ojr`irmi% 1% Mjejril Nieimjr TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq bg Nihiqqir qjri hirwi}ie wiem jli` njejrgni tjezlgq bjemie qjeiem `ig zezh  njemibihie tjejlggie tibi tjrzqi`iie jrqjoz%

@iritie tjezlgq wiem tilgem bilin bjemie jrogewi qhrgtqg geg, qjnkmi njeinoi` tjni`inie jeiem nieifjnje tjniqirie oigh hkeqjt jkrg bie itlghiqgewi% Ih`grewi hjtibi Illir Q]R fzmili` tjezlgq hjnoilghie qjnzi inil oigh wiem bgjrgni tjezlgq qjlini geg, qjnkmi njebiti ti`ili wiem ojrlgti miebi birg Illi` Q]R% Inge Wii _iooil Ilingee‣% Ilingee‣%

Nihiqqir, Eksjnojr ?499

Tjezlgq

@ILINIE FZBZL %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% g @ILINIE TJEMJQI@IE TJNOGNOGEM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gg @ILINIE TJEMJQI@IE TJEMZFG ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% ggg HIRI TJEMIERI_ ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣ gs BICRI_ GQG %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% s BICRI_ RIOJL %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% OIO G

OIO GG

sg

TJEBI@ZLZIE

9%9

Liir Ojlihiem %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%% 9

9%?

Tjrznzqie Niqili` %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% 2

9%1

Rzfzie Tjejlggie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :

9%2

Niecii Tjejlggie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%% :

9%:

Qgqjnighi Tjezlgqie T jezlgqie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%% 3

LIEBIQIE RJK_G

?%9

Tjemjrgie Tjniqirie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%% =

?%?

Hirihjrgqgh Fiqi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 0

?%1

?%2

?%?%9

Tjemjrgie Fiqi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%% 0

?%?%?

Agrg.agrg Fiqi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%% 7

Hzilgiq Fiqi iiz Liwieie Liwieie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 94 ?%1%9

Tjemjrgie Hzilgiq %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 94

?%1%?

Tjemjrgie Hzilgiq Fiqi+Liwieie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 99

?%1%1

Bgnjeqg Hzilgiq Fiqi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9?

Hkeqjt Hjtziqie Tjliemmie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9:

?%2%9 ?%:

OIO GGG

Njemzhzr Hjtziqie Tjliemmie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 93 93

Tjemjrgie Tjghjniq %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%% 9= ?%:%9

Rzfzie Tjemmzeiie Tjghjniq %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 90

?%:%?

Hjzezemie bie Hjrzmgie Tjghjniq %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 90

?%:%1

Rjrngeil Tjghjniq %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 97

?%3

Hjriemhi Tghgr %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ??

?%=

@gtkjqgq %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%% ?2

NJRKBJ TJEJLGRGIE

1%9

Lkhiqg Tjejlggie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%% ?:

1%?

Njkbj Tjemzntzlie Bii %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?:

1%1

1%2

1%:

1%?%9

Tjejlggie Litiemie (Cgjlb _jqjira`' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?:

1%?%?

 Lgorirw _jqjira` _jqjira`' %%%%%%%%%%% ?3 Tjejlggie Hjtzqihiie ( Lgorirw

Fjegq bie Qznojr Bii %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?3 1%1%9

Fjegq Bii %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?3

1%1%?

Qznojr Bii %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% ?=

Tktzliqg bie Qintjl%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Qintjl%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?= 1%2%9

Tktzliqg‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣ ?=

1%2%?

Qintjl Qintj l ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣ ?0 ?0

Njkbj Ieilgqgq %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?0 1%:%9

Ieilgqgq Hzilgigc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?0

1%:%?

Ieilgqgq Hziegigc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?7

1%3

Tjemzhzrie Geqrznje Tjejlggie %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

?7

1%=

Njkbj Ieilgqgq Bii %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%% ?7 1%=%9

Ieilgqgq _jmrjqg Lgejir Ojrmiebi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?7

1%=%?

Zfg c (Zfg Qjrjntih' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 14

1%=%1 1%0 OIO GS

OIO S

Zfg  (Zfg Tirqgil' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 19

Bjcgegqg Ktjriqgkeil Sirgiojl %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1?

QJFI_I@ QGEMHIR TJ_ZQI@IIE

2%9

Qjfiri` Qgemhi Tjrzqi`iie ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% 12

2%?

Trkbzh bie Liwieie Bgsgqg Tjghjniq ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣ 10

2%1

Qrzhzr Krmiegqiqg Tjrzqi`iie ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%% ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%% 29

@IQGL TJEJLGRGIE BIE TJNOI@IQIE

:%9

:%?

Trkcgl _jqtkebje ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣ ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% ‣‣‣‣% 2= :%9%9

_jqtkebje Njezrz Znzr ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%% ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%% 2=

:%9%?

_jqtkebje Njezrz Fjegq Hjlinge ‣‣‣‣‣‣% ‣‣‣‣‣‣% 27 27

:%9%1

_jqtkebje Njezrz Tjebgbghie ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% 27

:%9%2

_jqtkebje Njezrz Tjebitiie ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%% ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%% :4

Bjqhrgtqg Sirgiojl Hzilgiq Tjliwieie bie Tjr`gzemie Qhkr Sirgiojl (P' ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% :9 :%?%9

Tjriewiie Njemjeig Sirgiojl P9 ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%%:?

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Tjriewiie Njemjeig Sirgiojl P? ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%%:1

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Tjriewiie Njemjeig Sirgiojl P1 ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%%::

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Tjriewiie Njemjeig Sirgiojl P2 ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%%:3

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Tjriewiie Njemjeig Sirgiojl P: ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%%:0

:%?%3

Tjriewiie Njemjeig Sirgiojl Hjtziqie Tjliemmie%%:7

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@iqgl Ieilgqgq _jmrjqg Lgejir Ojrmiebi ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% 39

:%2

Zfg c (Qjrjntih' (Qjrjn tih' ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%%31

:%:

Zfg  (Tirqgil' ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣ ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣% ‣‣‣‣‣%%%3:

OIO SG HJQGNTZLIE BIE QI_IE

3%9

Hjqgntzlie Hjqgnt zlie ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%%=9

3%?

Qirie.qirie Qirie.qir ie ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣%%%=?

OIO G TJEBI@ZLZIE 9%9

Liir Ojlihiem

Oibie Zqi`i Nglgh Ejmiri (OZNE' wiem ibi bg Gebkejqgi qiemi ojrtjemirz` bilin tjrhjnoiemie bzegi zqi`i bie niqwirihi bilin njefiliehie zqi`iewi, hirjei hjoiewihie birg tjrzqi`iie nglgh tjnjrgei` jrqjoz jli` njnkektklg ojojriti ogbiem zqi`i wiem njemizr hj`gbztie bie hjozz`ie `gbzt niqwirihi oiewih% Klj` hirjei gz, bilin njemizr bie njefiliehie zqi`iewi, OZNE bgizr bie bghjlkli klj` tjnjrgei` hirjei qiemi ojr`zozemie bjemie eiqgo niqwirihi Gebkejqgi% Oibie.Oibie Zqi`i Nglgh Ejmiri jrqjoz, bg`irithie biti njnjez`g hjozz`ie bie hjgemgeie birg bzegi zqi`i tibi znznewi bie niqwirihi tibi h`zqzqewi bie `irzq biti njntjri`iehie agri wiem oigh  bg nii niqwirihi% OZNE `irzq biti njnojrghie hjtziqie hjtibi niqwirihi qjlihz hkeqznje bie njnojrghie agri wiem oigh bg nii niqwirihi bjemie airi njnojrghie tjliwieie wiem ojrhzilgiq% Njlg`i hjibiie jrqjoz, tjnjrgei` ojrztiwi imir OZNE ojrzqi`i biti njntjroighg hjibiie bjemie njnojrghie tjliwieie wiem jroigh hjtibi niqwirihi% Bjemie tjliwieie wiem oigh, bg`irithie niqwirihi ihie njriqi bg`irmig bie gbih njriqi bgioighie `ihewi bie ih`grewi niqwirihi qjoimig tjemmzei iiz tjliemmie birg fiqi wiem bgi}irhie klj` tjrzqi`iie nglgh tjnjrgei` jrqjoz ihie njriqi tziq% Qjoimig qili` qiz tzqi hjtjlioz`ie bg Hi}iqie Rgnzr Gebkejqgi (HRG' wiem njnoi}i`g ojojriti aioiem tjlioz`ie bjemie hiekr tzqiewi wiem ojribi bg Nihiqqir, TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' njrztihie Oibie Zqi`i Nglgh Ejmiri (OZNE' wiem ojrmjrih bg ogbiem fiqi hjtjlioz`ie wiem njewjbgihie qiriei bie triqiriei hjtjlioz`ie bilin riemhi njezefiem hjlieairie irzq hitil liz, iemhzie tjezntiem, bie tjemgrgnie oiriem%

Ibitze zfzie zini birg TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS(Tjrqjrk' geg ibili` zezh  njlihqieihie bie njezefiem hjogfihqieiie trkmrin tjnjrgei` bg ogbiem jhkekng bie tjnoiemzeie njlilzg tjliwieie fiqi hjtjlioz`ie, qjri zezh njntjrklj` hjzezemie oimg tjrzqi`iie bjemie airi njewjljemmirihie zqi`i fiqi hjtjlioz`ie bie zqi`i.zqi`i ligeewi wiem njebzhzem nzz tjliwieie fiqi hjtjlioz`ie, ngqilewi bjrnimi bie ciqglgiq lige zezh ojrinoi okemhir nzi oiriem, iemhzie tjezntiem, ili okemhir nzi, qjri fiqi.  fiqi lige wiem ojr`zozemie ojr`zozemie bjemie tjniebzie tjniebzie hitil bie tjezebiie tjezebiie hitil% Qili` qiz tjliwieie fiqi bg ogbiem hjtjlioz`ie wiem bglihqieihie klj` TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' ibili` jrngeil tjghjniq wiem bgqgithie h`zqzq zezh  njliwieg tjeiemieie tjghjniq, wiem ojrczemqg zezh njliwieg hjmgiie okemhir nzi tjghjniq, tjezntzhie tjghjniq,  _jajgsgem iiz Bjlgsjrw (Tjejrgniie iiz Tjemgrgnie' tjghjniq bie hjmgiie tjezefiem ligeewi% Qjoimig geckrniqg inoi`ie, qii geg qjoimgie ojqir oiriem wiem bgiemhz njlilzg hitil liz bglihzhie bjemie njemmzeihie tjghjniq, oigh gz hjmgiie tjghjniq jhqtkr gntkr niztze zezh hjmgiie tjghjniq ieir tzliz% Tjliwieie njrztihie zeqzr wiem qiemi tjegem bg bilin zqi`i njegemhihie hjtziqie hkeqznje% Tibi biqirewi tkqgqg tjliwieie geg njrztihie cihkr tjebzhzem jr`ibit ihgsgiq tjniqirie fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq% Fghi tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie njnjez`g tjrngeiie tjliemmie, nihi tjliemmie ihie njriqi tziq bie ogli fiqi tjliwieie ojribi bg oi}i` gemhi wiem bg`irithie, tjliemmie ihie njriqi hzriem iiz gbih tziq% Tjliemmie wiem njriqi gbih tziq jr`ibit hzilgiq iiz tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie, bjemie qjebgrgewi ihie njeajrgihie hjtibi kriem lige qjoimig hkntlige iiq hjgbihtziqieewi% Klj` hirjei gz tjemzhzrie hjtziqie ihie tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie klj` TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq tibi niqwirihi `irzq qjlilz bglihzhie zezh njemji`zg bie njrjeaieihie qrijmg wiem ljog` oigh bg niqi njebiiem bie ljog` njegemhihie hzilgiq tjliwieieewi

imir biti njnjez`g hjgemgeie bie hjozz`ie hkeqznje qjri zezh njngegnilgqiqghie niqili`% Hjmgiie tjliwieie tjghjniq tibi Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir jrzq njemiling tjegemhiie wiem azhzt qgmegcghie, qj`gemmi zezh njeinoi` hitiqgiq bie njegemhihie hzilgiq tjliwieie, nihi tibi i`ze ?441 bglihzhie limg tjeinoi`ie tjriliie okemhir Akeigejr  Ariej, 1 (gmi' zeg Rrieqigejr  bie : (lgni' nzi tjghjniq ojrzti ? (bzi' zeg Akeigejr Ariej

zeg  @jib Rrzah ojqjri A`iqqgq% Bie tibi i`ze ?440 nieifjnje TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' njlihzhie tjeinoi`ie tjriliie okemhir nzi tjghjniq hjnoilg, wigz 9 (qiz' zeg Akeigejr Ariej bie ? (bzi' zeg Rrieqigejr % Bjemie njlg`i tkjeqg tjemiemhzie oiriem njlilzg tjghjniq wiem njemiling tjegemhiie tjqi qjgit i`zeewi, nihi tjezlgq jrirgh zezh njeglgg ljog` fiz` bg ogbiem hzilgiq tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie hjtibi tjemmzei fiqi% @il geg bglihzhie zezh njlg`i qjfiz` niei tjegligie niqgem.niqgem tjemmzei fiqi jr`ibit hzilgiq tjliwieie tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq% Ojrbiqirhie liir ojlihiem wiem jli` bghjnzhihie, nihi tjezlgq jrirgh zezh  njlihzhie tjejlggie bjemie fzbzl 6 “Tjemirz` Hzilgiq Tjliwieie Rjr`ibit Hjtziqie Tjemmzei Fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq„ 9%?

Tjrznzqie Niqili`

Ojrbiqirhie zrigie qjri tjefjliqie wiem jli` bghjnzhihie tibi liir ojlihiem nihi rznzqie niqili` bilin tjejlggie geg ibili` qjoimig ojrghz 6 i% Itihi` hzilgiq tjliwieie fiqi wiem njlgtzg Riemgolj, _jilgoglgw, _jqtkegsjejqq,  Iqqzrieaj, bie Jnti`w ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi tibi TR%

Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq;

o% Sirgiojl iti wiem bkngeie ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq; 9%1

Rzfzie Tjejlggie

Ibitze zfzie birg tjejlggie geg ibili` 6 i' Njni`ing ljog` fiz` qjojriti ojqir tjemirz` hzilgiq tjliwieie fiqi jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq% o' Njni`ing sirgiojl iti wiem tilgem ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq% 9%2

Niecii Tjejlggie

Tjejlggie geg bg`irithie biti ojrniecii 6 9%

Qjoimig oi`ie rjcjrjeqg oimg wiem ojrngei zezh njntjrbilin niqili` hjtziqie tjliemmie%

?%

Oimg tjezlgq, qjlige qjoimig qwiri njewjljqighie tjebgbghie, fzmi biti njeinoi` glnz tjemji`zie ogbiem glnz nieifjnje tjniqirie, bie njlig` tjezlgq zezh biti njejrithie jkrg.jkrg wiem bgtjrklj` birg tjrhzlgi`ie%

1%

Bjemie njlihzhie tjejlggie, bg`irithie biti njnojrghie tjemilinie wiem ojrmzei oimg tjejlgg zezh biti ojrcghgr qjairi ieilgqgq bie b geingq bg niqi wiem ihie biiem%

9%:

Qgqjnighi Tjezlgqie

Ibitze qgqjnighi tjewzqzeie trktkqil qhrgtqg geg ibili` qjoimig oj rghz6 9% Oio G njrztihie oio wiem ojrgqghie jeiem tjebi`zlzie wiem njnitirhie qjairi qgemhi jeiem liir ojlihiem, tjrznzqie niqili`, zfzie bie niecii tjejlggie qjri qgqjnighi tjezlgqie% ?% Oio GG njrztihie oio wiem ojrgqghie jeiem gefizie tzqihi wiem njnitirhie qjairi qgemhi jeiem liebiqie jkrg, hjriemhi cghgr, bie `gtkjqgq% 1% Oio GGG njrztihie oio wiem ojrgqghie jeiem njkbj tjejlggie wiem jrbgrg iiq lkhiqg tjejlggie, njkbj tjemzntzlie bii, fjegq bie qznojr bii, njkbj ieilgqgq bie bjcgegqg ktjriqgkeil% 2% Oio GS njrztihie oio wiem njefjliqhie jeiem qjfiri` qgemhi tjrzqi`iie bie qrzhzr krmiegqiqg% :% Oio S njrztihie oio wiem ojrgqghie jeiem tjnoi`iqie njemjeig ieilgqgq qjgit sirgiojl bie zfg `gtkjqgq% 3% Oio SG njrztihie oio wiem ojrgqghie jeiem hjqgntzlie bie qirie.qirie oimg tjrzqi`iie%

OIO GG LIEBIQIE RJK_G

?%9

Tjemjrgie Tjniqirie

Tjniqirie njrztihie qili` qiz czemqg birg tjrzqi`iiie bg qintgem czemqg ligeewi qjtjrg hjziemie, trkbzhqg bie tjrqkeilgi% Zezh njemji`zg ljog` fjliq jeiem tjemjrgie tjniqirie, nihi tjezlgq njeakoi njlihzhie tjebjhiie jr`ibit ojroimig rznzqie tjniqirie wiem bghjnzhihie klj` i`lg tjniqirie qjtjrg wiem bghzgt bg oi}i` geg% Tjemjrgie tjniqirie njezrz Hkljr bie Irnqrkem (977=63' wigz qjoimig ojrghz6 “Tjniqirie ibili` qziz trkqjq qkqgil bie nieifjrgil wiem bgbilinewi gebgsgbz bie hjlkntkh njebitihie iti wiem njrjhi ozz`hie bie gemgehie bjemie njeagtihie, njei}irhie bie njezhirhie trkbzh wiem ojreglig b jemie tg`ih lige%„ Nirgkg (?44160', njnojrghie tjemjrgie oi`}i wiem bgnihqzb bjemie tjniqirie ibili`6 “Trihjh njni`ing hjozz`ie bie hjgemgeie hkeqznje, njejnzhie iiz njeagtihie trkbzh bie liwieie wiem biti njnjez`g hjozz`ie bie hjgemgeie hkeqznje bie njemhknzeghiqghieewi qjairi gejreil hjtibi tjrzqi`iie wiem hjnzbgie `irzq njeagtihie bie njemgrgnhie trkbzh bie liwieie bie qjairi jhqjreil njemhknzeghiqghieewi hjnoilg hjtibi hkeqznje wiem njrztihie qiqirie trkbzh iiz liwieie qj`gemmi njrjhi njewjeiemg trkbzh bie liwieie bie hjnzbgie njnojlgewi%„

Qjliefzewi bjcgegqg tjniqirie wiem bghjnzhihie klj` N ibzri (?449601' wigz6 “Tjniqirie biti bgbjcgegqghie qjairi lziq qjoimig gebihie ojroimig tjrzqi`iie zezh  njrjeaieihie bie njlihqieihie rieaiemie trkbzh, tjejezie `irmi, bgqrgozqg bie trknkqg%„

Birg bjcgegqg bgiiq biti bgjriemhie oi`}i irg tjniqirie ibili` fiz` ljog` lziq birgtibi irg tjefzilie% Tjniqirie njeaihzt zqi`i tjrzqi`iie wiem bgnzlig bjemie njemgbjegcghiqg hjozz`ie hkeqznje wiem tjrlz bgtziqhie, njejezhie trkbzh wiem `jebih bgtrkbzhqg, njejezhie `irmi trkbzh wiem qjqzig, njejezhie airi.airi trknkqg bie tjewilzrie iiz t jefzilie jefzilie trkbzh jrqjoz%  jrqjoz% ?%?

Hirihjrgqgh Fiqi ?%?%9 Tjemjrgie Fiqi

Fiqi qjrgem bgtiebiem qjoimig qziz cjeknjei wiem rzng% Hii fiqi gz qjebgrg njntzewig oiewih irg birg nzlig tjliwieie tjrqkeil ( Tjrqkeil Qjrsgaj' qintig fiqi qjoimig qziz trkbzh% Qjfiz` geg qzbi` oiewih tihir tjniqirie fiqi wiem jli` ojrzqi`i njebjcgegqghie tjemjrgie fiqi% Ojrghz geg ibili` ojojriti bg ieiriewi6 Hkljr (?44= 6 2?' njemiihie oi`}i fiqi ibili`6 Qjgit gebihie iiz hgejrfi wiem biti bgi}irhie qiz tg`ih hjtibi tg`ih lige, wiem tibi biqirewi gbih ojr}zfzb bie gbih njemihgoihie hjtjnglghie qjqziz% Trkbzhqgewi nzemhge qifi jrhig iiz nzemhge fzmi gbih jrhig bjemie trkbzh cgqgh%

Njezrz _iemhzg (?442 6 74'6 Fiqi njrztihie tjnojrgie qziz hgejrfi iiz gebihie ih hiqi nii birg qiz tg`ih hjtibi tg`ih lige% Tibi znznewi fiqi bgtrkbzhqg bie bghkeqznqg qjairi ojrqiniie, bg niei gejrihqg ieiri tjnojrg fiqi bie tjejrgni fiqi njntjemirz`g `iqgl fiqi jrqjoz%

Birg ojroimig bjcgegqg bg iiq, intih oi`}i bg bilin fiqi qjlilz ibi iqtjh gejrihqg ieiri tg`ih hkeqznje bie tjnojrg fiqi, njqhgtze tg`ih.tg`ih wiem jrlgoi gbih qjlilz njewibirg% Fiqi fzmi ozhie njrztihie oiriem, fiqi ibili` qziz trkqjq iiz ihgsgiq, bie ihgsgiq.ihgsgiq jrqjoz gbih ojr}zfzb%

Fibg tibi biqirewi fiqi njrztihie qjnzi ihgsgiq jhkekng wiem `iqglewi gbih  njrztihie trkbzh bilin ojezh cgqgh iiz hkerzhqg, wiem ogiqiewi bghkeqznqg tibi qii wiem qini bjemie }ihz wiem bg`iqglhie bie njnojrghie eglig inoi` (qjtjrg ngqilewi hjewinieie, `gozrie, hjqjeiemie iiz hjqj`iie' iiz tjnjai`ie iiq niqili` wiem bg`ibitg hkeqznje% hkeqznje% ?%?%?

Agrg.agrg fiqi

Trkbzh fiqi njnglghg agrg.agrg wiem ojrojbi bjemie oiriem (Trkbzh cgqgh'% Hkljr (?44= 6 27' njewjozhie agrg.agrg jrqjoz qjoimig ojrghz6 9%  Geiemgoglgw (gbih ojr}zfzb'% Irgewi fiqi gbih biti bglg`i, bgajait, bgriqihie, bgbjemir, iiz bgagzn qjojlzn bgojlg klj` k lj` hkeqznje% ?%  Geqjtirioglgw (gbih biti bgtgqi`hie'% Irgewi oi`}i fiqi gbih biti bgtgqi`hie birg tjewjbgiewi, jei` tjewjbgiewi gz niezqgi iiz njqge% 1% Sirgioglgw (ojrsirgiqg'% Irgewi oi`}i nzz fiqi jrmiezem tibi qgiti wiem njewjbgihie fiqi bg qintgem }ihz, jnti, bie oimigniei bgqjbgihie% 2% Tjrgq`ioglgw (gbih i`ie lini'% Irgewi fiqi gbih biti bgqgntie zezh bgfzil iiz bgtihig hjnzbgie% ?%1

Hzilgiq Fiqi iiz Tjliwieie ?%1%9 Tjemjrgie Hzilgiq

Bilin qgziqg tjrqigemie mlkoil wiem qjnihge hkntjggc, tjrqkilie hzilgiq trkbzh  njefibg gqz qjeril oimg qjgit tjrzqi`iie% Hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie zezh njewjbgihie trkbzh ojrhzilgiq ihie njefibg qjefii zezh njnjeiemhie tjrqigemie, hirjei bjemie njnojrghie trkbzh ojrhzilgiq, hjtziqie hkeqznje ihie jraitig% Klj` hirjei gz

tjrzqi`iie `irzq njejezhie bjcgegqg wiem jti bie tjni`inie wiem ihzri jeiem hzilgiq wiem jti% ckr Yzilgw Akerkl (Hkljr, ?44= 6 :4'6 Njezrz Injrgaie Qkagjw ckr

“Hzilgiq ibili` hjqjlzrz`ie agrg.agrg bie hirihjrgqgh.hirihjrgqgh birg qziz trkbzh iiz  fiqi bilin `il hjnintzieewi zezh njnjez`g hjozz`ie.hjozz`ie wiem j li` bgjezhie iiz ojrqgci lije„% Qjliefzewi njezrz Bzrie bilin Lztgwkibg (?449', hzilgiq biti bgirghie qjoimig ogiwi wiem biti bg`gebirg ( iskgbiolj' bie wiem gbih biti bg`gebirg ( zeiskgbiolj'% Wiem jrniqzh bilin ogiwi wiem biti bg`gebirg ngqilewi ogiwi ihgoi hjmimilie trkbzh, qjnjeiri wiem jrniqzh ogiwi wiem gbih biti bg`gebirg ngqilewi ogiwi hjmgiie tjemi}iqie hzilgiq% Ojrbiqirhie ojojriti bjcgegqg jrqjoz, biti bgqgntzlhie oi`}i bjcgegqg hzilgiq ojrqznojr birg bzi qgqg, trkbzqje bie hkeqznje% Trkbzqje njejezhie tjrqwiriie iiz qtjqgcghiqg

hzilgiq,

qjbiemhie

hkeqznje

njejezhie

hjozz`ie

bie

hjgemgeie%

Tjebjcgegqgie ihie ihzri fghi trkbzqje nintz njejrfjni`hie hjozz`ie bie hjgemgeie iiq trkbzh hj bilin qtjqgcghiqg trkbzh wiem bg`iqglhie% ?%1%? Tjemjrgie Hzilgiq Fiqi iiz Tjliwieie

Hzilgiq tjliwieie (Qjrsgaj Yzilgw' qjtjrg wiem bghiihie klj` Tiriqzrinie Tir iqzrinie bghzgt klj` Lztgwkibg (?449' biti bgbjcgegqghie wigz6 “Qjojriti fiz` tjrojbiie ieiri hjewiiie bie `iritie hkeqznje iiq tjliwieie wiem njrjhi jrgni iiz tjrklj`„% Qjnjeiri njezrz _iemhzg (?4426?0' oi`}i6 “Hzilgiq fiqi bgbjcgegqghie qjoimig tjewintigie fiqi wiem ihie njljog`g gemhi hjtjegemie hkeqznje„% Bjcgegqg jrqjoz

njejhiehie tibi hjljog`ie birg gemhi hjtjegemie hkeqznje qjoimig geg birg hzilgiq  fiqi% Qili` qiz nkbjl hzilgiq tjliwieie wiem oiewih bgfibghie iazie bilin rgqj tjniqirie ibili` nkbjl QjrsYzil ( Qjrsgaj Yzilgw' qjtjrg wiem bghjnoiemhie klj` Tiriqzrinie, Vjg`nil, bie Ojrrw qjtjrg wiem bghzgt klj` Lktgwkibg (?449' bilin qjriemhigie tjejlggie njrjhi jr`ibit jein qjhkr fiqi, rjtiriqg, tjriliie rzni` iemmi, hirz hrjbg, iqzrieqg, iqzrieqg, qinozemie jljtke firih fiz`, tjroiehie rgjl, bie tgiliem t giliem qjhzrgiq% qjhzrgiq% QjrsYzil (Qjrsgaj Yzilgw' bgoiemze iiq ibiewi tjroiebgemie bzi cihkr zini wigz tjrqjtqg tjliemmie iiq liwieie wiem ewii njrjhi jrgni ( tjrajgsjb qjrsgaj' bjemie liwieie wiem qjqzemmz`ewi bg`irithie iiz bggemgehie ( jptjajb qjrsgaj'% ?%1%1 Bgnjeqg Hzilgiq Fiqi

Hkeqjt hzilgiq tjliwieie njrztihie cihkr tjegligie wiem njrjcljhqghie tjrqjtqg hkeqznje jr`ibit lgni bgnjeqg qtjqgcgh birg hgejrfi liwieie% Tiriqzrinie j il, 9774 (bilin Hkljr, ?44=6:3' njewgntzlhie oi`}i ibi lgni bgnjeqg QjrsYzil ( Qjrsgaj Yzilgw' wiem bgtihig zezh njemzhzr hzilgiq tjliwieie, wigz6 9% Riemgojlq, iiz ozhg cgqgh wigz hjnintzie qziz tjrzqi`iie bilin njezefzhhie jhqgqjeqgewi hjtibi tg`ih jhqjreil% Tjeintglie bie hjnintzie qiriei bie triqiriei cgqgh tjrzqi`iie bie hjibiie lgemhzemie qjhgirewi ibili` ozhg ewii birg tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie klj` tjnojrg fiqi% ?%  _jlgioglgw, iiz hj`iebilie wigz hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie zezh njnojrghie tjliwieie qjqzig wiem bgfiefghie qjairi ihzri bie jrtjraiwi%

1%  _jqtkeqgsjejqq, iiz hjiemmitie wigz hjnizie zezh njnoiez bie njnojrghie tjliwieie wiem ajti bie jti hjtibi tjliemmie, bjemie tjewintigie geckrniqg wiem fjliq% 2%  Iqqzrieaj, iiz fingeie bie hjtiqgie wigz tjemji`zie, hjqktieqiezeie, bie hjnintzie tiri tjmi}ig tjrzqi`iie zezh njeznoz`hie riqi tjraiwi tiri tjliemmie hjtibi tjrzqi`iiie% tjrzqi`iiie% :%  Jnt`iw, wigz njnojrghie tjr`igie wiem zlzq bie ojrqgci gebgsgbzil iiz trgoibg wiem bgojrghie hjtibi tiri tjliemmie bjemie ojrztiwi njni`ing hjgemgeie hkeqznje% Njezrz Vjg`nil bie Ogejr (?444', ibi bzi `il hzilgiq liwieie wiem bgjezhie klj` tjrqjtqg hkeqznje wiheg qjoimig ojrghz6 9% Tjrqjtqg hzilgiq tjliwieie bilin irg jhegq ( ja`egail kzaknj' wiem bgojrghie klj` tjewjbgi fiqi% ?% Hzilgiq bilin irg `iqgl qziz trkqjq fiqi ( kzaknj trkajqq' wiem bg}zfzbhie bilin ojezh oimigniei fiqi jrqjoz jr qjoz bgojrghie% Njezrz Hkljr (?44= 6 :1', tjniqirie trkbzh iiz fiqi wiem bg`iqglhie gbih `iewi njnozz`hie tjniqirie jhqjreil jitg fzmi tjniqirie gejreil bie gejrihgc% (Minoir ?%9'% Tjniqirie jhqjreil njemminoirhie njemminoirhie tjhjrfiie ekrnil wiem bglihzhie klj` tjrzqi`iie,

njewgithie tjliwieie trgni, njnojrg `irmi, nj ebgqrgozqghie bie njntrknkqghie fiqi gz hjtibi hkeqznje% Tjniqirie gejreil njefjliqhie tjhjrfiie wiem bglihzhie klj` tjrzqi`iie zezh njlig` bie njnkgsiqg tjmi}igewi zezh njliwieg tjliemmie bjemie oigh% Tjniqirie gejrihgc njemminoirhie njemminoirhie hji`lgie tjmi}ig bilin njliwieg tjliemmie%

Minoir ?%9 Rgmi Fjegq Tjniqirie bilin Gebzqrg Fiqi

Tjrzqi`iie

Tjniqirie Gejreil

Trkbzh bie Fiqi

Tjniqirie Hirwi}ie Qznojr 6 Tibi Hkljr (?44=6:2'

Tjniqirie Jhqjreil

Tjliemmie

Zezh njnojrghie hzilgiq tjliwieie wiem oigh, qiemi tjegem zezh t iri hirwi}ie njnjr`ighie tjliemmieewi% Zezh njem`iqghie krgjeiqg hzilgiq tjliwieie, hkeqznje `irzq njriqi qjtjrg `il.`il ojrghz geg6 9% Qjgit hkeqznje ibili` ibili` kriem wiem tilgem tilgem tjegem bg qjgit ogqegq% ?% Hkeqznje gbih ojrmiezem hjtibi trkbzqje, jitg trkbzqje wiem ojrmiezem hjtibi hkeqznje% hkeqznje% 1% Hkeqznje gbih njemiemmz hjrfi trkbzqje% Hkeqznje ojrzfzie zezh njnojrg trkbzqje tjhjrfiie% 2% Hkeqznje ibili` niezqgi, njntzewig tjriqiie bie jnk qg% :% Hkeqznje ibili` oimgie birg ogqegq trkbzqje, ozhieli` tg`ih lzir% 3% Hkeqznje njnoi}i trkbzqje tibi hjgemgeie hkeqznje, bie njefibg zmiq trkbzqje zezh njliwieg hkeqznje

?%2

Hkeqjt Hjtziqie Tjliemmie

Hjtziqie tjliemmie jli` njefibg hkeqjt qjeril bilin }iaiei ogqegq bie nieifjnje% Tjliemmie njrztihie ckhzq zini bilin tjnoi`iqie njemjeig hjtziqie bie hzilgiq fiqi% Klj` hirjei gz, tjliemmie njnjmiem tjrieie azhzt tjegem bilin njemzhzr hjtziqie jr`ibit trkbzh niztze tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie tjrzqi`iie% Hkljr (?44= 6 9==' njebjcgegqghie hjtziqie tjliemmie 6 Tjriqiie qjeiem iiz hjaj}i qjqjkriem wiem nzeazl qjjli` njnoiebgemhie hgejrfi (`iqgl' trkbzh wiem bgtghgrhie jr`ibit hgejrfi (iiz `iqgl' wiem bg`irithie% Fghi hgejrfi ojribi bg oi}i` `iritie, tjliemmie gbih tziq% Fghi hgejrfi njnjez`g `iritie tjliemmie tziq% Fghi hgejrfi njljog`g `iritie, tjliemmie ini tziq iiz qjeiem% Birg bjcgegqg bg iiq biti bgirgh hjqgntzlie oi`}i hjtziqie tjliemmie wiem bggefiz bie qgqg tjliemmie wigz njemjeig iti wiem jli` bgriqihie tjliemmie iiq tjliwieie wiem jli` bgojrghie bgoiebgemhie bjemie it i wiem njrjhi gemgehie% Qjbiemhie bjcgegqg hjtziqie tjliemmie tjliemmie njezrz _iemhzg _iemhzg (?442 6 :3' 6 “Oi`}i wiem bgnihqzb bjemie hjtziqie hkeqznje ibili` tjrojbiie ieiri gemhi hjtjegemie bie hgejrfi iiz `iqgl wiem bgriqihie„% Birg bjcgegqg bg iiq, tjezlgq biti njeirgh hjqgntzlie oi`}i hjtziqie tjliemmie ibili` gemhi tjriqiie hkeqznje qjjli` njnoiebgemhie ieiri `iritie qjojlzn njnihig trkbzh bjemie `iqgl qjjli` hkeqznje hkeqznje iiz tjliemmie t jliemmie jrqjoz njemmzeihie iiz njriqihie hgejrfi iiz niecii birg trkbzh jrqjoz% ?%2%9 Njemzhzr Hjtziqie Tjliemmie

Njezrz Rfgtk bie Mrjmkrgzq A`iebri (?44: 6 914' ibi jnti njkbj zezh njemzhzr hjtziqie tjliemmie, wigz 6

9% Qgqjn Hjlz`ie bie Qirie Gebzqrg wiem ojr}i}iqie tjliemmie ihie njewjbgihie ckrnzlgr oimg tjliemmie zezh njlitkrhie hjqzhiie bie hjlz`ieewi% Qjlige gz biti ojrzti hkih qirie bie jljtke tjemibzie oimg tjliemmie% Ilzr geckrniqg geg njn ojrghie oiewih mimiqie oigh bie gebzqrg biti ojrmjrih ljog` ajti zezh njewjljqighie niqili`% ?% Qzrsjg Hjtziqie Tjliemmie Gebzqrg gbih biti njemmzeihie gemhi hjlz`ie qjoimig zhzrie hjtziqie tjliemmie% Gebzqrg wiem rjqtkeqgc njemzhzr hjtziqie tjliemmie bjemie njemibihie qzrsjw ojrhili, wigz bjemie njemgrgnhie bicir tjriewiie iiz njejltke qjairi iaih birg tjliemmie zezh njemji`zg tjriqiie njrjhi jr`ibit ojroimig hgejrfi gebzqrg% Qjlige gz bgiewihie hgejrfi gebzqrg qigemieewi% qigemieewi% 1% M`kq Q`kttgem (Tjliemmie Oiwiemie' Tjliemmie oiwiemie ibili` njewzrz` kriem ojrtzri.tzri njefibg tjliemmie bie njlitkrhie ggh.ggh hzi niztze ggh.ggh ljni` wiem bgiling }ihz njnojlg trkbzh  birg gebzqrg qjebgrg niztze gebzqrg qigemieewi% Qjlige gz tjliemmie oiwiemie njlitkrhie itihi` }griegimi jrqjoz njeiemiegewi bjemie oigh iiz gbih% 2%  Ieilgqi Tjliemmie wiem wiem Ojrilg` Gebzqrg biti njem`zozemg tjliemmie wiem gbih njnojlg limg iiz ojrmieg tjniqkh zezh njemji`zg tjewjoioewi (itihi` `irmiewi gemmg, tjliwieie hzriem oigh, trkbzhewi hzriem biti bgiebilhie bie qjjrzqewi, qj`gemmi biti bghji`zg gemhi hj`gliemie tjliemmie'%

?%:

Tjemjrgie Tjghjniq

9% Qjairi znzn Tjghjniq biti bgbjcgegqghie qjoimig qziz ojezh (hkih, tjrqjmg, ozli' wiem jrozi birg lkmin wiem njntzewig tgez iiz lzoiem zezh  njniqzhhie qjqziz nziie iiz oiriem imir inie bie jr`gebir birg tjemirz` aziai wiem bgljemhitg bjemie ili zezh njnozhi iiz njemzeag, hjnzbgie tibi hjjnti qzbzewi jr`ibit lzoiem zezh njemzeag qjri biti bgmzeihie Rjrngeil,?49460' ojrzliem hilg% ( Nihiqqir Akeigejr Rjrngeil  Nihiqqir  ?% Ojrbiqirhie Hjjezie Nzezrz G%Q%K (_ja% ek% 042' bilin ozhz  Nihiqqir  Akeigejr Rjrngeil (?494694' Tjghjniq wiheg6

i% Njntzewig qgci jit, azhzt az hzt hzi zezh bgmzeihie ojrzliem hilg% o% Bgrieaiem qjairi h`zqzq qjoimig ciqglgiq zezh njnoi}i oiriem bjemie njemmzeihie qiz iiz ljog`% Nkbi rieqtkr ieti njemjlzirhie iiz njniqzhhie hjnoilg gqgewi% gqge wi% a% Bgtiqiem tjrljemhitie wiem njnzemhgehie qj}ihz.}ihz b gmzeihie zezh  njeiemieg tjrtgebi`ie birg qziz nkbi rieqtkr hj nkbi rieqtkr ligeewi% 1

b% Njntzewig gqg rziemie bilin qjhzriem.hzriemewi 9 N (1:%: Hihg1'%

?%:%9

Rzfzie Tjemmzeiie Tjghjniq

Bilin ozhz  Nihiqqir Akeigejr Rjrngeil (?49469?' tjemmzeiie tjghjniq ojrzfzie zezh }ibi` tjewgntieie oiriem wiem biti njeintzem iiz njewgntie oiriem bg bilinewi wiem bggemgehie zezh biti bghgrgnhie bilin firih fiz` (bjemie njemmzeihie ili rieqtkr' bjemie nihqzb imir oiriem wiem ibi bg bilinewi inie bilin tjrfilieewi nzlig birg qg tjemgrgn qintig hjtibi qg tjejrgni%

?%:%9

Hjljog`ie bie hjhzriemie Tjghjniq

]iliztze

qgqjn

Tjghjniq

jli`

njnojrghie

hjtziqie

hjtibi

wiem

njemmzeihieewi, einze tibi qgqg lige niqg` jrbiti bintih wiem njrzmghie qjairi Akeigejr Rjrngeil, ?494692' znzn% ( Nihiqqir Akeigejr

9%

Hjzezemie.hjzezemie Hjzezemie.hjzezemie tibi qgqjn Tjghjniq 6 i% Ajti bie jhkekngq bilin njeiemieg tjghjniq jrzini bilin okemhir nzi tjghjniq% o% Hjinieie jr`ibit hjrzqihie bie tjeazrgie ljog` jr fimi a% Jcgqgje b% Biti bgmzeihie zezh iemhzie bkkr k bkkr  j% Azhzt hzi zezh bgtihig ojrhilg.hilg c% Njemzriemg }ihz inoi hitil bg tjlioz`ie m% Bgozi h`zqzq zezh njemiemhz oiriem birg qiz nkbi rieqtkriqg hj nkbi rieqtkriqg wiem lige% `% Biti njem`jni jeimi hjrfi ojrirg tzli njem`jni ogiwi%

?%

Hjrzmgie.hjrzmgie tibi qgqjn Tjghjniq 6 i%

Hitil tjghjniq ni`il

o% @irzq bgozi jrngeil h`zqzq zezh okemhir nzi tjghjniq wiem njnozz`hie gesjqiqg ojqir a% @irzq njemmzeihie tjriliie h`zqzq zezh njemiemhz bie njezntzhewi% b% Gecri qrzhzr wiem ibi bgqjhgirewi `irzq bgojei`g, ngqilewi filie.filie wiem ibi `irzq bgqjqzighie zezh tjemiemhzie tjghjniq% j% Hzriem njemmzeihie jeimi hjrfi (gbih tibi hirwi'%

?%:%1

Rjrngeil Tjghjniq

 Nihiqqir Akeigejr Rjrngeil (?494690' njemiihie oi`}i jrngeil tjghjniq

ibili` qziz jrngeil bg tjlioz`ie wiem h`zqzq njliwieg hjmgiie okemhir nzi tjghjniq, bjemie bjnghgie jrngeil tjghjniq bgljemhitg bjemie ciqglgiq.ciqglgiq zezh njezefiem hjlieairie ihgsgiq hjmgiie ktjriqgkeil okemhir nzi t jghjniq% jghjniq% Bilin ozhz  Nihiqqir Akeigejr Rjrngeil (?4946?3' ibitze gecriqrzhzr bie qztriqrzhzr tibi qjozi` jrngeil tjghjniq ibili` qjoimig o jrghz6 9% Bjrnimi Tjghjniq6 Zezh njliwieg hitil.hitil wiem niqzh, tjlioz`ie njewjbgihie bjrnimi, wigz jnti bgniei hitil biti ojrlioz` iiz qiebir mzei njlihzhie hjmgiieewi, oigh  okemhir iiz nzi iiz hjmgiie ligeewi% Zezh hjmgiie okemhir iiz nzi hitil. hitil tjghjniq njewjbgihie bjrnimi h`zqzq tjghjniq% ?% Tjriliie Okemhir Nzi Tjghjniq Bilin riemhi tjliwieie hjmgiie okemhir nzi tjghjniq birg bie hj hitil nihi bgozz`hie tjriliie.tjriliie okemhir nzi wiem nintz njeiemieg hjmgiie jrqjoz, wigz Akeigejr Ariej, Rrieqigejr ,  _jia` Qiahjr , Ckrhlgc ,  @jib Rrzah , bie Qgbj iiz Rkt Lkibjr % 1% Litiemie Tjezntzhie Tjghjniq Litiemie tjezntzhie tjghjniq iiz Akeigejr Wirb  (AW' njrztihie jnti “Hkeqklgbiqg„ “Hkeqklgbiqg„ tjghjniq wiem ihi e bgokemhir iiz bgnzi hj hitil, bgniei akeigejr wirb gz bgrieaiem h`zqzq bjemie qgqjn tjezntzhie wiem bgizr ojrbiqirhie  Olkh ,  _k}, Qlk , Rgjr %

Czemqg Akeigejr Wirb (AW' iiz Litiemie Tjezntzhie ibili`6 .

Qjoimig rieqcjr tkge 

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Qjoimig rjajgsgem (tjejrgni'

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Qjoimig qiahgem (tjezntzhie'

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Qjoimig `ieblgem akeigejr (tjeiemieie tjghjniq bg AW'

2% Mzbiem Tjezntzhie Mzbiem Tjezntzhie iiz Akeigejr Crigm` Qigke (ACQ' ibili` jnti zezh  njewgntie bie njegnoze oiriem oigh gntkr niztze jhqtkr wiem ojriqil birg `iqgl tjghjniq LAL ( Ljqq `je akeigejr lkib ' wiem jli` bgokemhir bie oiriem jhqtkr wiem bgrjeaieihie ihie bgniqzhhie ( Qzccgem' hj tjghjniq LAL, zezh bgqjri`hie hjtibi tjejrgni+tjnglgh oiriem% Qjliefzewi zezh tjghjniq hkqkem qjjli` oiriem bg bilin tjghjniq bgokemhir bie bgzntzh bilin mzbiem ACQ, tjghjniq hkqkem jrqjoz bgirgh hj lkhiqg Bjtk Akeigejr % Czemqg Akeigejr Crigm`  Qigke (ACQ' iiz Mzbiem Tjezntzhie6 .

Qjoimig Akeqklgbigke Airmk (Hkeqklgbiqg Nziie'

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Qjoimig Bgqrgozgke Airmk (Tjewjri`ie Oiriem'‗

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Qjoimig Qkrj Airmk (Tjegnozeie Oiriem'

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Qjoimig Rrieqcjrrgem Airmk (Tjngebi`ie'

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Hjriemhi Tghgr

Zezh njemzhzr gemhi hjtziqie hkeqznje, ojlzn ibi qiebir ozhz wiem biti bgfibghie tjbknie, qjlige gz hirjei hjtziqie gz qgciewi rjligc fzmi, `iritie bie gejrtrjiqg tjliemmie ojrojbi.ojbi tzli% Rjitg qjairi jntgrgh hjtziqie hkeqznje biti bgti`ing klj` tjrzqi`iie bjemie njejlgg : (Lgni' bgnjeqg hzilgiq tjliwieie wigz 6 rjlgioglgw (hj`iebilie', iqqzrieaj (fingeie', rjqtkeqgsjejqq (biwi iemmit', iemgoglgw

(ozhg cgqgh', bie jnt`iw (jntig'% Fghi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq nintz njefioirhie hjlgni bgnjeqg jrqjoz bilin qziz njhiegqnj tjliwieie, nihi hjtziqie hkeqznje ljog` nzbi` bg}zfzbhie iiz b jemie hii lige `iritie hkeqznje zezh njriqi tziq bjemie tjliwieie TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq ihie ljog` njebjhig hjewiiie% Tjliwieie bghiihie ojrhzilgiq itiogli hkeqznje njriqi tziq, oigh tibi qii jrfibgewi hkeih tjliwieie tibi qgziqg jrjez niztze bg qii tiqai tjnojlgie% Tjemmzei fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq bghiihie tziq itiogli jrbiti hjqjqzigie ieiri `iritie hkeqznje qjjli` njemjsilziqg qziz trkbzh bjemie tjliwieie wiem bgjrgniewi% Hjgbihtziqie ihie gnozl fghi `iritie bie hjgemgeie hkeqznje gbih qjqzig bjemie hzilgcghiqg tjli wieie wiem bgjrgniewi% Qjairi qgqjnigh, hjriemhi ojrtghgr bilin tjezlgq t jezlgqie ie geg biti bgminoirhie qjoimig ojrghz 6

Minoir ?%? Oimie Hjriemhi Tghgr

TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk'

Hzilgiq Tjliwieie (P'

_jlgioglgw (Hj`iebilie'

_jqtkeqgsjejqq (Riemmitie'

Iqqzrieaj (Fingeie'

Jnt`iw (Jntig'

Riemgolj (Ozhg cgqgh'

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Hjtziqie Tjliemmie jr`ibit Tjliwieie TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS ( W '

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Ojrbiqirhie niqili` tkhkh tjejlggie bie zfzie wiem gemge bgaitig, nihi qjoimig `gtkjqgq ibili` 6

9% Bgbzmi oi`}i hzilgiq tjliwieie fiqi njntjemirz`g hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' (T jrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq% ?% Bgbzmi oi`}i  Iqqzrieaj ibili` sirgiojl wiem bkngeie ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq

OIO GGG NJRKBJ TJEJLGRGIE

1%9 Lkhiqg Tjejlggie

Bilin tjewzqzeie tjejlggie geg, nihi tjezlgq njlihzhie tjejlggie tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq wiem ojrilini bg filie Qkjhirek Ek%9 Nihiqqir% Iliqie tjezlgq njnglg` kowjh jrqjoz ibili` bjemie tjrgnoiemie oi`}i tjezlgq ojrbkngqglg bg hki wiem qini wigz bg Nihiqqir, qj`gemmi njntjrnzbi` bilin tjrklj`ie bii qjri }ihz, jeimi bie ogiwi b iti bgmzeihie qjjcgqgje nzemhge%

1%?

Njkbj Tjemzntzlie Bii

Qjoimig tjljemhit bilin tjnoi`iqie geg nihi bgtjrlzhie ibiewi bii iiz geckrniqg oigh birg bilin tjrzqi`iie niztze birg lzir tjrzqi`iie% Tjezlgq njntjrklj` bii wiem ojr`zozemie bjemie njemmzeihie njkbj qjoimig ojrghz 6 1%?%9

Tjejlggie Litiemie ( Cgjlb _jqjira`'

Wigz tjejlggie wiem bglihzhie tibi tjrzqi`iie ojrqiemhzie zezh njntjrklj` bii wiem ojr`zozemie bjemie tjezlgqie bjemie airi6 9%

Koqjrsiqg Wigz qziz ojezh t jejlggie wiem bglihzhie tjezlgq bjemie njlihzhie tjeminiie,

oigh qjairi ojr`ibitie liemqzem niztze qjairi gbih liemqzem qjtjrg njnojrghie bicir tjriewiie zezh bgfi}io%

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]i}ieairi Wigz qziz ojezh tjejlggie wiem bglihzhie bjemie nj}i}ieairig tg`ih.tg`ih wiem

ojrqiemhzie bilin krmiegqiqg zezh njntjrklj` bii wiem ojr`zozemie bjemie nijrg tjnoi`iqie% 1%

Hzjqgkejr Wigz qziz airi tjemzntzlie bii bjemie njnojrghie bii iiz njewjoirhie bicir

hjtibi rjqtkebje, bjemie `iritie njrjhi ihie njnojrghie rjqtke iiq bicir tjriewiie jrqjoz% 1%?%?

Tjejlggie Hjtzqihiie ( Lgorirw _jqjira` _jqjira`'

Wigz tjejlggie wiem bglihzhie bjemie njnoiai ojojriti ozhz lgjrizr.lgjrizr, njemzntzlhie bkhznje, irqgt, niztze aiiie tjegem krmiegqiqg wiem ibi `zozemieewi bjemie tjrniqili`ie tjezlgqie trktkqil geg bie qjliefzewi bgkli` hjnoilg% 1%1%

Fjegq bie Qznojr Bii 1%1%9

Fjegq Bii

Ibitze fjegq bii wiem bgmzeihie bilin zrigie geg ibili` qjoimig ojrghz6 9% Bii Hziegigc  Ibili` bii wiem bgtjrklj` birg tjrzqi`iie wiem biti bgozhghie bjemie iemhi.iemhi wiem ihie bgkli` bie bgieilgqi qjqzig bjemie njkbj ieilgqgq qj`gemmi biti jrlg`i `iqglewi% ?% Bii Hzilgigc  Ibili` bii wiem bgtjrklj` birg `iqgl }i}ieairi bjemie tg`ih.tg`ih wiem ojrhjtjegemie ojrhjtjegemie ojrzti bii lgqie bjemie tjefjliqie njemjeig t jnoi`iqie% jnoi`iqie%

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Qznojr Bii

Zezh njezefiem hjljemhitie tjnoi`iqie bilin tjezlgqie trktkqil geg% Tjezlgq njntjrklj` bii wiem ojrqznojr birg 6 9% Bii Trgnjr Bii trgnjr bgtjrklj` njlilzg }i}ieairi bjemie tiebzie hzjqgkejr hjtibi rjqtkebje% Fjegq tjriewiie wiem bgmzeihie bilin hzjqgkejr ibili` alkqjb jebjb  yzjqgkeq, wigz ojezh tjriewiie bjemie ojojriti iljreigc fi}ioie oimg

rjqtkebje% ?% Bii Qjhzebjr Bii qjhzebjr ibili` bii wiem bgtjrklj` njlilzg tjeaiiie bkhznje. bkhznje tjrzqi`iie bie birg gebzqrg jrhig wiem ibi `zozemieewi bjemie tjnoi`iqie tjezlgqie%

1%2

Tktzliqg bie Qintjl 1%2%9 Tktzliqg

Tktzliqg ozhieli` `iewi kriem jitg fzmi kowjh bie ojebi.ojebi ilin wiem lige% Tktzliqg fzmi ozhie qjhjbir fznli` wiem ibi tibi kowjh wiem bgtjlifirg, jitg njlgtzg qjlzrz` hirihjrgqgh iiz qgci wiem bgnglghg klj` qzowjh iiz kowjh gz bie qintjl njrztihie oimgie birg tktzliqg jrqjoz% Tktzliqg njezrz Qzmgkek (?44?6=1' ibili` 6 “]gliwi` mjejrilgqiqg wiem jrbgrg iiq kowjh iiz qzowjh wiem njntzewig hzilgiq bie hirihjrgqgh jrjez wiem bgjithie klj` tjejlgg zezh bgtjlifirg bie hjnzbgie bgirgh  hjqgntzlieewi„% Tktzliqg bilin tjejlggie geg ibili` tiri tjemmzei fiqi tjghjniq% Wiem niei rjqtkebjeewi ojrfznli` 71 tjemmzei fiqi%

1%2%? Qintjl

Qjbiemhie qintjl njezrz Qzmgkek (?443673' ibili` 6 “Oimgie birg tktzliqg wiem bgtjrmzeihie qjoimig qznojr b ii wiem qjojeirewi% Tjezlgq njeminogl qintjl tjemmzei fiqi tjghjniq wiem tjewjoirieewi bgoiez klj` hirwi}ie Rjrngeil Tjghjniq bie bgojrghie hjtibi tiri tjemmzei fiqi% Qintjl geg ojrfznli` 71 t jemmzei jemmzei fiqi% 1%:

Njkbj Ieilgqgq

Zezh njnozhghie `gtkjqgq wiem jli` bghjnzhihie, nihi bilin tjejlggie geg bgmzeihie bzi niain njkbj ieilgqgq, wigz 6 1%:%9 Ieilgqgq Hzilgigc 

Wigz njkbj ieilgqgq wiem bgmzeihie bjemie airi njefjliqhie ojojriti irmznjeiqg wiem ojrhigie liemqzem bjemie tjrniqili`ie% Bilin `il geg, tjezlgq njemmzeihie ojojriti jkrg iiz hkeqjt jeiem tjrglihz hkeqznje% 1%:%? Ieilgqgq Hziegigc 

Ieilgqgq wiem njemmzeihie bii.bii wiem bgewiihie bilin ojezh iemhi bg niei bii jrqjoz njrztihie sirgiojl.sirgiojl wiem bgiemmit ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit tjrglihz hkeqznje bie tjemirz`ewi jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem jrngeil tjghjniq bilin hijmkrg.hijmkrg wiem tibi ih`grewi ihie njefibg kil qhkr birg tjemgqgie hzjqgkejr klj` rjqtkebje%

1%3

Tjemzhzrie Geqrznje Tjejlggie

Tjemgqgie hzjqgkejr bgzhzr bjemie njemmzeihie qhili lghjr  wiem jrbgrg iiq6 qiemi qjzfz, qjzfz, azhzt qjzfz, gbih qjzfz, qiemi gbih qjzfz% Hjlgni tjegligie jrqjoz bgojrg okok qjoimig ojrghz 6 9% Fi}ioie qiemi qjzfz bgojrg okok :% ?% Fi}ioie qjzfz bgojrg okok 2% 1% Fi}ioie ejril bgojrg okok 1% 2% Fi}ioie gbih qjzfz bgojrg okok ? :% Fi}ioie qiemi gbih qjzfz bgojrg okok 9% 1%=

Njkbj Ieilgqgq Bii 1%=%9

Ieilgqgq _jmrjqg Lgejir Ojrmiebi

Ieilgqgq geg bgnihqzbhie zezh njemji`zg ojqirewi tjemirz` hjtziqie tjliemmie jr`ibit tjliwieie fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' bjemie njemmzeihie rznzq rjmrjqg lgejir ojrmiebi qjtjrg wiem bghzgt klj` Crjbbw _iemhzg (?44969:0' 6 W > i  o 9P9  o?P?  o1P1  o2P2  o:P: Bgniei 6 W

6 Hjtziqie Tjemmzei fiqi jr`ibit tjliwieie fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk'

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6 Hzilgiq Tjliwieie Fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk'

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6 Hkjcgqgje rjmrjqg

Zfg C (Zfg Qjrjntih'

Zfg C bgmzeihie zezh njemji`zg tjemirz` qjairi ojrqini.qini sirgiojl ojoiq qjairi qgmegcghie jr`ibit sirgiojl jrghi% Itiogli zfg qgmegcghieqg bgiiq 4,4:, nihi sirgiojl ojoiq (Sirgiojl P' gbih ojrtjemirz` qgmegcghie jr`ibit sirgiojl jrghi (Sirgiojl W'% qjbiemhie fghi bgoi}i` 4,4:, nihi sirgiojl ojoiq (sirgiojl P' ojrtjemirz` qgmegcghie jr`ibit sirgiojl jrghi (Sirgiojl W'% 1%=%1% Zfg  (Zfg Tirqgil'

Zfg  bgmzeihie zezh njemji`zg itihi` niqgem.niqgem sirgiojl ojoiqewi qjairi qjebgrg.qjebgrg ojrtjemirz` qjairi qgmegcghie jr`ibit sirgiojl jrghiewi% Itiogli zfg qgmegcghie bgoi}i` 4,4:, nihi biti bghiihie qgmegcghie, wigz jrbiti tjemirz` ieiri sirgiojl ojoiq wiem bgjlgg bjemie sirgiojl jrghiewi% Qjoilghewi fghi bgiiq 4,4:, nihi biti bghiihie gbih qgmegcghie%

1%0

Bjcgegqg Ktjriqgkeil Sirgiojl

Ojrghz geg ihie bgfjliqhie njemjeig sirgiojl.sirgiojl sirgiojl.sirgiojl wiem bgmzeihie tjezlgq 6 Riojl Ktjriqgkeil Sirgiojl Sirgiojl Tjejlggie Hzilgiq Fiqi (Sirgiojl P'

Bjcgegqg Sirgiojl

Hzilgiq Fiqi ibili` gemhi hjzemmzlie wiem bg`irithie bie tjemjebilgie iiq gemhi hjzemmzlie jrqjoz zezh  njnjez`g hjgemmgeie tjliemmie% Rfgtkek (?4436:7'

Qzo Sirgiojl

Gebghikr

9% Hjjtiie bie hjajtiie _jilgoglgw (Hjiebilie' wigz tjliwieie hjnintzie ?% Tjliwieie wiem rini` qjri tjrzqi`iie zezh  qjlilz qgit njeklkem njnojrghie tjliwieie qjqzig wiem bgfiefghie qjairi ihzri bie jrtjraiwi% i% Hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie _jqtkeqgsjejqq (Hjiemmitie' wigz zezh qjlilz iemmit jr`ibit qziz hjnizie zezh  niqili` wiem gnozl njnoiez bie o% Hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie njnojrghie tjliwieie zezh qjlilz iemmit jr`ibit wiem ajti ( rjqtkeqgc ' hjlz`ie birg tjemmzei fiqi bie jti hjtibi tjliemmie, bjemie tjewintigie geckrniqg wiem fjliq% Iqqzrieaj (Fingeie' i% Tjemji`zie bie hjaihitie wigz tjemji`zie, hirwi}ie hjqktieqiezeie, bie o% Njlihzhie hknzeghiqg wiem hjnintzie tiri jcjhgc bjemie tjemmzei fiqi tjmi}ig tjrzqi`iie zezh njeznoz`hie riqi tjraiwi tiri tjliemmie hjtibi tjrzqi`iie%

Jnti`w (Jntig' i% Njnojrghie tjr`igie qjairi wigz njnojrghie gebgsgbz hjtibi tjemmzei tjr`igie wiem zlzq  fiqi bie ojrqgci gebgsgbzil o% Ojriemmzem fi}io jr`ibit iiz trgoibg wiem hjinieie bie hjewinieie bgojrghie hjtibi tiri tjemmzei fiqi tjliemmie bjemie ojrztiwi njni`ing hjgemgeie hkeqznje%

Riemgolj (Ozhg Cgqgh' 9% Hjojrqg`ie bie hjritgie wigz hjnintzie qziz lgemhzemie tjlioz`ie tjrzqi`iie bilin ?% Tjeiiie siqglgiq bie njezefzhhie tjriliie tjlioz`ie% jhqgqjeqgewi hjtibi tg`ih jhqjreil% Tjeintglie bie hjnintzie qiriei bie triqiriei cgqgh  tjrzqi`iie bie hjibiie lgemhzemie qjhgirewi ibili` ozhg ewii birg tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie klj` tjnojrg fiqi%

Hjtziqie Tjliemmie (Sirgiojl W'

Hjtziqie Tjliemmie ibili` tjrojbiie ieiri gemhi hjtjegemie bie hgejrfi iiz `iqgl wiem bgriqihie% _iemhzg (?442 6 :3'

9% Trkbzh oirz wiem bgi}irhie biti njnjez`g hjozz`ie ?% Hzilgiq tjliwieie wiem bglihzhie jli` njnojrghie hjtziqie

OIO GS LIRI_ OJLIHIEM TJ_ZQI@IIE

2%9

Qjfiri` Qgemhi Tjrzqi`iie

Nieifjnje TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' njewibirg qjtjez`ewi oi`}i tjliwieie fiqi tjghjniq njrztihie qili` qiz qjmnje zqi`i iebilie wiem `irzq jrzq bghjnoiemhie, bghjnoiemhie, `il geg qjqzig bjemie zezie birg b irg tjrhjnoiemie bzegi nirggnj mlkoil wiem ojrmjqjr birg ojezh tjliwieie qjairi mjejril njefibg tjliwieie bjemie tjemmzeiie tillj iiz tjghjni t jghjniq% q% Ojrbiqirhie hkebgqg jrqjoz tibi i`ze i}il 9774 bjemie bgoiez klj` FGAI, nieifjnje TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' nzlig njewzqze qzbg rjsgilgqiqg Tjlioz`ie Nihiqqir, qili` qizewi ibili` njejithie Tiemhilie @ii wiem qjlini geg bgmzeihie zezh hjmgiie nzlgtzrtkqj bgrzoi` njefibg qziz jrngeil wiem bgljemhitg bjemie ciqglgiq bie tjriliie wiem njnibig zezh njnojrghie tjliwieie tjghjniq qjairi nkbjre% Trkqjq tjemjnoiemie+rjsgilgqiqg tibi Tjlioz`ie Nihiqqir nzlig birg i}il `gemmi njefibg Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir qjtjrg qjhiriem geg bgqintighie qjoimig ojrghz6 

Tjewgitie qzbw tjemjnoiemie Tjlioz`ie Nihiqqir, jli` bgnzlig tibi jri hjtjngntgeie Oth% Gr% Qznirbg wiem bgliegh njefibg Bgrjhzr Zini Tjrzn Tjlioz`ie GS tibi i`ze 9700% Tibi niqi gz tjewzqzeie rjeaiei tjemjnoiemie Tjlioz`ie Nihiqqir bgtgntge klj` Oth% Gr% Bfir}k Qzrfiek bjemie bgoiez klj` FGAI zezh njewzqze qzbgewi%

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Tibi i`ze 9772 nzligli` bglihzhie rjsgilgqiqg Tjlioz`ie Nihiqqir, bgniei qiqirie ziniewi ibili` njefibghie Tiemhilie @ii+ Bjrnimi @ii wiem qjojlznewi bgmzeihie zezh tjliwieie nzlgtzrtkqj njefibg qziz bjrnimi tjghjniq wiem

bgljemhitg bjemie ciqglgiq bie tjriliie nkbjre% Tjnoiemzeie bjrnimi bie ciqglgiq gecriqrzhzr tibi Tiemhilie @ii jrqjoz njemmzeihie njemmzeihie qznojr tjebieiie t jebieiie oiezie birg Tjnjrgei` Fjtiem njlilzg KJAC (Ksjrqjiq Jakeknga Akktjrigke Czeb' iiz qjhiriem jli` njefibg FOGA (Fitie Oieh ckr Gejreigkeil Akktjrigke'% Tibi i`ze 9770 tjnoiemzeie gecriqrzhzr zezh Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir wiem njlgtzg bjrnimi, litiemie tjezntzhie (akeigejr wirb', }krhq`ktq, akeigejr crjgm` qigke, bie ciqglgiq tjezefiem ligeewi jl i` qjljqig% 

Tibi i`ze 9777 jrfibg qzhqjqg hjtjngntgeie tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk', bgniei Oth% Gr% Triwgek niqzh njemmieghie Oth% Gr% Qznirbg qjoimig bgrjhzr zini% Hkngnje fifirie nieifjnje oirz jrqjoz jit qini wigz zezh  njefibghie Tiemhilie @ii njefibg qziz jrngeil tjghjniq nkbjre%

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Tibi i`ze ?444 ojrqznojr birg tjebieiie tgefinie IBO (Iqgi Bjsjlktnje Oieh', nieifjnje TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' njlihzhie tjemibiie tjriliie okemhir nzi tjghjniq nkbjre wiem jrbgrg birg ? (bzi' zeg Akeigejr Ariej, : (lgni' zeg Rrieqigejr bie 0 (bjlitie' zeg @jib Rrzah ojqjri A`iqqgqewi% A`iqqgqewi%

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Tibi

iemmil

?0

Fzlg

?449,

Rjrngeil

Tjghjniq

Nihiqqir

bgrjqnghie

tjemktjriqgieewi klj` Trjqgbje _jtzolgh Gebkejqgi tibi }ihz gz wigz Goz Njmi}ig Qkjhirektzrg% 

Hjmgiie tjliwieie tjghjniq tibi Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir jrzq njemiling tjegemhiie wiem azhzt qgmegcghie, qj`gemmi zezh njeinoi` hitiqgiq bie njegemhihie hzilgiq tjliwieie, nihi tibi i`ze ?441 bglihzhie limg tjeinoi`ie tjriliie okemhir nzi tjghjniq ojrzti ? (bzi' zeg Akeigejr Ariej, 1 (gmi' zeg Rrieqigejrbie : (lgni' zeg @jib Rrzah ojqjri A`iqqgq% Bie tibi i`ze ?440 nieifjnje TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' njlihzhie tjeinoi`ie tjriliie

okemhir nzi tjghjniq hjnoilg, wigz 9 (qiz' zeg Akeigejr Ariej bie ? (bzi' zeg Rrieqigejr% Qjoimig iazie zezh njemiri`hie ogqegq hjtjlioz`ie bg }gliwi` gnzr, nieifjnje TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir njrjcljhqghie iqtgriqg bilin SGQG bie NGQG qjoimig ojrghz 6 i% Sgqg TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Njefibg tjrzqi`iie fiqi hjtjlioz`ie ojrqiebir gejreiqgkeil wiem niebgrg, qj`i, bie njefinge hjqgeinozemie qwqjn rieqtkriqg eiqgkeil% o% Ngqg TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjgh jniq 9% Njemjnoiemhie zqi`i wiem biti njnojrghie hjzezemie ktgnil oimg tjnjmiem qi`in% ?% Njebkrkem

tjrajtiie

tjemjnoiemie

}gliwi`

TR%

Tjlioz`ie

Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir% Nihiqqir% 1% Tjnojrgie tjliwieie fiqi wiem ojrhzilgiq, jti }ihz bjemie irgc  wiem liwih% 2% Njemjnoiemhie

hkntjjeqg,

hkngnje

bie

njegemhihie

hjqjfi`jriie Qznojr Biwi Niezqgi% Zezh njeaitig zfzie jrqjoz bg iiq, tjrzqi`iie njewjljemmirihie zqi`i bgogbiem 6 9% Hklin.hklin tjlioz`ie bie tjrigrie zezh lilz lgeiq bie jnti ojrlioz`ewi hitil% ?% Fiqi.fiqi wiem ojr`zozemie bjemie tjniebzie hitil (Tglkimj' bie tjezebiie hitil% 1% Bjrnimi bie ciqglgiq lige zezh ojrinoi, okemhi nzi oiriem jrniqzh `j}ie bie ciqglgiq eigh zrzeewi tjezntiem%

2% Mzbiem.mzbiem bie jnti.jnti tjegnozeie oiriem.oiriem, iemhzie, ili okemhir nzi, qjri tjriliie tjlioz`ie% :% Riei` zezh ojroimig oiemzeie bie litiemie mzbiem.mzbiem+oiemzeie wiem ojr`zozemie bjemie hjtjegemie bie hjlieairie ie mhzie% 3% Tjewjbgiie lgqrgh, igr ngezn, ng ezn, bie geqiliqg lgnoi` tjnoziemie% =% Fiqi jrngeil, hjmgiie hkeqklgbiqg bie b gqrgozqg oiriem jrniqzh `j}ie% 0% Fiqi hkeqzliqg, tjebgbghie, bie tjlig`ie wiem ojrhigie bjemie hjtjlioz`ie% 7% Zqi`i.zqi`i ligeewi wiem biti njezefiem jraitigewi zfzie t jrqjrkie% Bjnghgie minoirie qgemhi njemjeig qjfiri` ojrbgrgewi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir bgniei qintig qjhiriem niqg` njefibg qili` qiz tgez mjroiem tjr`zozemie liz h`zqzqewi bg Gebkejqgi oimgie gnzr%

2%?

Trkbzh Liwieie Bgsgqg Tjghjniq TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem

Rjrngeil Tjghjniq

Ibi ojojriti trkbzh liwieie tibi bgsgqg geg ieiri lige 6 9% Ktjriqgkeil Hitil njlgtzg 6 i' Qjsjbkrgem ibili` hjmgiie njnokemhir tjghjniq birg bjh+tilhi hitil hj bjrnimi+kemhiem iiz hjiiq A`iqqgq, iiz qjoilghewi njnzi tjghjniq birg bjrnimi +kemhiem+iiz a`iqqgq zezh bgtgebi`hie hj iiq bjh iiz hj bilin tilhi hitil% o' Q`gcgem Rieti  Liebjb  (Q`gcgem Oiw k Oiw' ibili` hjmgiie njngebi`hie tjghjniq birg qiz jnti hj jnti lige bilin tjih hitil wiem qini iiz hj tjih wiem lige bilin hitil wiem qini (ieti liebgem bie rjq`gttgem ktjrigke'%

a' Q`gcgem Bjemie Liebjb  ibili` hjmgiie tjghjniq birg tjih hitil zezh  bgtgebi`hie hj bjrnimi bie hjnzbgie bgnzi+ njejntihie hjnoilg hj hitil wiem qini% b' Rrieq`gtnje  ibili` hjmgiie njnokemhir tjghjniq ilg` hitil birg hitil tjemiemhz tjrini, njewzqze bie bgzntzh bg litiemie tjezntzhie qjri njnzi tjghjniq ilg` hitil ( rieq`gtnje ' hj hitil tjemiemhz ojrghzewi bjemie hjjezie tjhjrfi njnokemhir bie njnzi tjghjniq ilg` hitil bglihqieihie bg bjrnimi wiem qini% j' Ozhi iiz Rzzt Tilhi ibili` hjmgiie njnozhi tilhi hitil hjghi tjghjniq bg bilin tilhi ihie bgokemhir, qjri njezzt hjnoilg tibi qii tjnziie tjghjniq% ?% Ktjriqgkeil Litiemie njlgtzg 6 i'  @izlimj iiz

Rrzahgem

ibili` hjmgiie njemiemhz tjghjniq bjemie

njemmzeihie rigljr  +  a`iqqgq birg linozem hitil hj litiemie tjezntzhie tjghjniq% o'  Lgc Ke iiz  Lgc Kcc  ibili` hjmgiie njemiemhi+njezrzehie tjghjniq birg a`iqqgq hj a`iqqgq lige iiz njezrzehie birg a`iqqgq hj jnti tjezntzhie iiz

qjoilghewi% a'  Bjlgsjrw ibili` hjmgiie njemjlzirhie tjghjniq birg litiemie tjezntzhie tjghjniq zezh bgjntihie bgiiq hjebiriie iiz rzh tjemmzei fiqi% b'  _jajgsgem ibili` hjmgiie njniqzhhie tjghjniq hj bilin irji tjlioz`ie litiemie tjezntzhie% j' Tjliwieie  _jjcjr  ibili` hjmgiie qzttlw ilgrie lgqrgh birg tiejl  tlzmmgem hj tjghjniq ojrtjebgemge bie hjmgiie nkegkr qz`z tjghjniq ojrtjebgemge jrqjoz%

c' Tjezntzhie tjghjniq ibili` litiemie tjezntzhie tjghjniq njrztihie jnti “hkeqklgbiqg„ tjghjniq wiem ihie bgokemhir iiz bgnzi hj hitil, bgniei akeigejr wirb  gz bgrieaiem h`zqzq bjemie qwqjn tjezntzhie wiem bgizr ojrbiqirhie olkh, rk}, qlk, bie gjr % 1%

Ktjriqg Akeigejr Crjgm` Qigke (ACQ' njlgtzg 6

i' Qzccgem ibili` hjmgiie njnzi oiriem birg bilin mzbiem (ACQ' litiemie tjezntzhie qintig bgqzqze bgqzqz e hj bilin tjghjniq% o' Qrgttgem ibili` hjmgiie njnokemhir oiriem birg bilin tjghjniq qintig bgqzqze hjnoilg hj bilin mzbiem tjezntzhie (ACQ'% a' Tjewj}iie mzbiem ACQ%

Bg lige qgqg, qjqzig bjemie hjozz`ie ktjriqgkeil ktjriqgkeil jr`ibit tjliwieie tjghjniq wiem wiem jrzq njegemhi nihi krmiegqiqg wiem njnojrghie tjliwieie jr`ibit tjghjniq fzmi njemiling rieqckrniqg% Nzlig birg ojrojezh Bgeiq Okemhir Nzi Tjghjniq wiem ojribi bg oi}i` hjebilg birg Bgsgqg Zqi`i Rjrngeil tibi qii i}il tjliwieie tjghjniq, ojrzoi` njefibg Bgsgqg Tjliwieie Tjghjniq tibi i`ze 9777 tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' Aioiem Nihiqqir, bie tibi 9 Imzqzq ?44= Bgsgqg Tjliwieie Tjghjniq ojrrieqckrniqg njefibg Aioiem jrqjebgrg wiem niebgrg bie jrtgqi` birg TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' Aioiem Nihiqqir% 2%1

Qrzhzr Krmiegqiqg Tjrzqi`iie i' Zrigie zmiq Bgsgqg

9% Mjejril Nieimjr  Ojrhjbzbzhie bg oi}i` bie ojriemmzem fi}io liemqzem hjtibi Bgrjhqg% Mjejril  Nieimjr  njntzewig zmiq njngntge Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir bilin `il

njewzqze rjeaiei tjemjlkliie, njemjebilghie hjmgiie ibngegqriqg bie ktjriqgkeil

qjqzig iri`, hjogfihqieiie bie qiqirie Tjrqjrkie imir jraitig trkbzhgsgiq, tjliwieie, tjebitiie lioi Tjrqjrkie% Bilin `il geg czemqg Mjejril Nieimjr ibili` 6 

Tjemjlkliie Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir qjqzig bjemie sgqg, ngqg bie zfzie Tjrqjrkie8

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Tjemjlkliie bie tjnjlg`iriie hjhiwiie Tjrqjrkie8

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]ihgl Tjrqjrkie bg bilin bie bg lzir tjemibglie, oigh wiem ojr`zozemie bjemie tjlihqieiie zmiq, niztze wiem gnozl qjoimig ihgoi birg tjlihqieiie zmiq, qjjli` njebitihie Qzri Hziqi h`zqzq birg Bgrjhqg8



Tjemjlkliie bie tjemjnoiemie QBN8



Tjlihqieiie czemqg qgqjn geckrniqg8



Tjlihqieiie hjogfihqieiie znzn Tjrqjrkie wiem jli` bgjithie klj` Bgrjhqg qjqzig hjjezie bie tjrzebiem.zebiemie wiem ojrlihz8

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Tjnogeiie nieifjnje nzz bie ogei l gemhzemie8

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Tjewgitie rjeaiei hjrfi bie iemmirie i`zeie qjri tjemjlkliie bie tjlitkrie hjziemie tjrzqi`iie% tjrzqi`iie%



?%

Tjewgitie litkrie tjriemmzem fi}ioie hjmgiie bie tjr`gzemie `iqgl zqi`i%

Nieimjr Tjrjeaieiie Tjrjeaieiie bie Ktjriqg

Ojribi bg oi}i` bie ojriemmzem fi}io liemqzem hjtibi Mjejril Nieimjr% Nieimjr  Tjrjeaieiie

bie

Ktjriqg

njntzewig

zmiq

njewjljemmirihie

tjrjeaieiie,

tjlihqieiie, tjemjebilgie, tjemi}iqie bie tjemjnoiemie zqi`i tjliwieie tjghjniq njlgtzg 6 fiqi hjmgiie qjsjbkrgem, `izlimj iiz rzahgem, lgc ke, lgc kcc , iemqzr, rgttgem iiz qzccgem, fiqi bjrnimi tjezntzhie tjghjniq, fiqi tjliwieie tjghjniq ligeewi qjri tjnjlg`iriie bie tjemjlkliie ili okemhir nzi tjghjniq bilin riemhi tjeaitigie irmj hjlieairie nzz bie trkbzhqg tjliwieie okemhir nzi tjghjniq% Bilin `il geg czemqg Nieimjr Tjrjeaieiie bie Ktjriqg ibili` 6



Tjrjeaieiie, tjlihqieiie, tjemjebilgie bie tjemi}iqie hjmgiie tjli wieie okemhir nzi tjghjniq tj ghjniq88



Tjeaitigie tjebitiie tjliwieie tjghjniq qjqzig rjeaiei hjrfi iemmirie8



Tjemi}iqie hjmgiie okemhir nzi nz i tjghjniq8



Tjewzqzeie litkrie hjmgiie ktjriqgkeil t jliwieie tjghjniq8



Tjewzqzeie trkmrin tjniqirie bie tjlihqieiie tjniqirie zqi`i fiqi tjliwieie tjghjniq8



Njemjnoiemhie zqi`i njlilzg hjrfi qini zqi`i wiem ojrhigie bjemie fiqi tjliwieie tjghjniq8



Tjlihqieiie bie tjemjebilgie tjemgqgie b ie tjemkqkemie tjghjniq8



Tjewzqzeie tjrjeaieiie, tjlihqieiie qjri tjemi}iqie tjlihqieiie zmiq ktjrikr okemhir nzi bie iemhzie tjghjniq8



Tjewzqzeie litkrie ozlieie, rg}zlie, qjnjqjr bie i`zeie wiem ojrhigie bjemie hjmgiie ktjriqgkeil tjliwieie tjghjniq8



Tjewzqzeie tjrjeaieiie, tjlihqieiie, tjemjebilgie trkmrin hjmgiie, iemmirie tjebitiie bie ogiwi wiem ojrhigie bjemie ogbiem tjliwieie tjghjniq8

Nieimjr Tjrjeaieiie bie Ktjriqg bgoiez klj` 6 i%  Iqgqje Nieimjr Ktjriqg 8 o%  Iqgqje Nieimjr Tjrjeaieiie bie Ibngegqriqg Ktjriqg 1%  Nieimjr Rjhegh  Ojribi bg oi}i` bie ojriemmzem fi}io liemqzem hjtibi Mjejril Nieimjr %  Nieimjr  Rjhegh njntzewig zmiq njrjeaieihie, njlihqieihie, njemjebilghie bie njemi}iqg hjmgiie tjnoiemzeie, tjnjlg`iriie, tjrojemhjlie, ieilgqi bintih lgemhzemie `gbzt bie tjeajnirie lgnoi` tjlioz`ie% Bilin `il geg czemqg  Nieimjr Rjhegh ibili` 6



Tjrjeaieiie, tjlihqieiie, tjemjebilgie bie tjemi}iqie trkmrin tjnoiemzeie ciqglgiq bie tjemibiie tjriliie8



Tjnojrgie tjrgnoiemie hliqgcghiqg tjemmzeiie iei` bie tjrigrie bg bilin bijri` hjrfi tjlioz`ie8



Tjlihqieiie hjojrqg`ie ciqglgiq, tjriliie bie oiemzeie tjlioz`ie qjri tjemjlkliie lgemhzemie `gbzt bie ieilgqi njemjeig bintih l gemhzemie8 gemhzemie8



Tjrjeaieiie, tjlihqieiie bie tjemi}iqie trkmrin tjnjlg`iriie, tjroighie, ciqglgiq tjriliie bie oiemze o iemzeie ie tjlioz`ie8 t jlioz`ie8



Tjrjeaieiie, tjlihqieiie bie tjemjebilgie trkmrin tjemibiie oi`ie ktjriqgkeil, qzhz aibiem qjri hjmgiie tjrojemhjlie tjro jemhjlie jhegh8



Tjlihqieiie jsilziqg bie tjemhifgie zliem qjairi tjrgkbgh jr`ibit niqjr tlie tjlioz`ie8



Tjrjeaieiie, tjlihqieiie bie tjemjebilgie trkmrin hjmgiie, iemmirie tjebitiie bie ogiwi wiem ojrhigie bjemie b jemie ogbiem jhegh8

 Nieimjr Rjhegh bgoiez klj` 6

i%  Iqgqje Nieimjr Tjriliie bie Geqiliqg o%  Iqgqje Nieimjr Oiemzeie bie Ibngegqriqg Rjhegh% 2%  Nieimjr Hjziemie Ojribi bg oi}i` bie ojriemmzem fi}io liemqzem hjtibi Mjejril Nieimjr %  Nieimjr  Hjziemie njntzewig zmiq njrjeaieihie, njlihqieihie, njemjebilghie bie njemi}iqg hjmgiie ibngegqriqg hjziemie, ihzeieqg, tjrojebi`iriie, tjrtifihie, bgqrgozqg oiriem, sjrgcghiqg bie tjeminieie bkhznje% Bilin `il geg czemqg  Nieimjr  Hjziemie ibili` 6 

Tjrjeaiiie bie tjewgitie oi`ie bilin riemhi tjewzqzeie rjeaiei hjrfi iemmirie aioiem qjri tjemjebilgieewi% tjemjebilgieewi%



Tjrjeaieiie ibngegqriqg hjziemie, tjrojebi`iriie, tjrtifihie, ihzeieqg znzn bie ihzeieqg ogiwi, tjemjlkliie oi`ie tjrqjbgiie, qjri njlihqieihie sjrgcghiqg tjejrgniie bie tjemjlzirie8



Tjewgntieie bie tjeminieie bkhznje8



Tjrjeaieiie bie tjemjebilgie trkmrin hjmgiie, iemmirie bie ogiwi wiem ojrhigie bjemie ogbiem ibngegqriqg hjziemie b ie ihzeieqg%

 Nieimjr Hjziemie bgoiez klj` 6

i%  Iqgqje Nieimjr Ihzeieqg o%  Iqgqje Nieimjr Tjrojebi`iriie% :%  Nieimjr QBN bie Znzn Ojribi bg oi}i` bie ojriemmzem fi}io liemqzem hjtibi Mjejril Nieimjr% Nieimjr  QBN bie Znzn njntzewig zmiq njrjeaieihie, njlihqieihie, njemjebilghie bie njemi}iqg hjmgiie ibngegqriqg qznojr biwi niezqgi, ibngegqriqg tjrhiekrie, hjrzni`iemmiie,

`zhzn,

`zozemie

niqwirihi,

bkhznjeiqg

nieifjnje nzz, tjnjlg`iriie hjqj`iie, hjqjliniie

bie

hjirqgtie,

hjrfi, hjojrqg`ie bie

tjeminieie hiekr bie bijri` hjrfi tjlioz`ie% Bilin `il geg czemqg Nieimjr QBN bie Znzn ibili` 6 

Tjewzqzeie tjrjeaieiie ibngegqriqg qznojr biwi niezqgi, hjqjfi`jriie bie hjqjliniie hjrfi qjri tjnjlg`iriie hjqj`iie tjmi}ig, t jeqgzeie bie hjlzirmiewi8



Tjeiemieie tjrniqili`ie ogbiem `zhzn, tjewjljemmiriie `zozemie niqwirihi bie bkhznjeiqg8



Tjlihqieiie

zrzqie

ibngegqriqg

tjrhiekrie,

hjrzni`iemmiie,

trkkhkljr,

tjewzqzeie hjozz`ie bie tjrljemhitie hiekr, tjlihqieiie tjnjlg`iriie tjriliie hiekr, hjojrqg`ie hiekr bie njemkrmiegqgr njemkrmiegqgr litkrie aioiem8



Tjeiemieie H1 bie Qizie Tjeminieie (Qitin' bg bilin bijri` lgemhzemie hjrfi tjlioz`ie bie iqqj Aioiem bg lzir lz ir bijri` hjrfi tjlioz`ie8



Tjlihqieiie nieifjnje nzz8



Tjemjebilgie trkmrin hjmgiie, iemmirie ogiwi wiem ojrhigie bjemie ogbiem QBN bie Znzn8

 Nieimjr QBN bie Znzn bgoiez b goiez klj`6

i%  Iqgqje Nieimjr Qznojr Biwi niezqgi o%  Iqgqje Nieimjr @zhzn, @zniq bie Znzn 3%  Nieimjr Qgqjn Geckrniqg Ojribi bg oi}i` bie ojriemmzem fi}io liemqzem hjtibi Mjejril Nieimjr %  Nieimjr  Qgqjn Geckrniqg njntzewig zmiq njrjeaieihie, njlihqieihie, njemjebilghie bie njemi}iqg hjmgiie ibngegqriqg, tjemzntzlie bie tjemkli`ie ieilgqi bi jsilziqg bii, geckrniqg, qigqgh, litkrie ktjriqgkeil bie litkrie ligeewi, tjeiemmieie qgqjn hkntzjrgqiqg imir jraitig tjewifgie bii wiem ihzri bie jti }ihz qjri tjriliie akntzjr bilin hjibiie qgit ktjriqg% Bilin `il geg czemqg  Nieimjr Geckrniqg ibili` 6 

Tjewzqzeie tjrjeaieiie ibngegqriqg Qgqjn Geckrniqg bie tjemjebilgie trkmrin hjmgiie nieifjnje wiem ojrhigie bjemie ogbiem q gqjn geckrniqg8



Tjewzqzeie, tjemkli`ie qgqjn geckrniqg, ieilgqi bie jsilziqg, tjewifgie bii qjairi qgqjnigq, ajti bie ihzri, oigh bjemie njbgi hkntzjr bie iiz njbgi ligeewi8



Tjewzqzeie litkrie ktjriqgkeil aioiem bie tjemjebilgi qgqjn geckrniqg ogbiem zqi`i, jhegh, hjziemie, tjrqkeilgi bie ibngegqriqg znzn, oigh wiem bglihqieihie bjemie njemmzeihie hkntzjr niztze qjairi niezil8



Tjewjljemmiriie tjnjlg`iriie tjriliie tjemkli`ie bii wiem njlgtzg tjriemhi lzeih bie tjriemhi hjriq qjri ojriemmzem fi}io iiq hjlieairie tjlihqieiie qgqjn hkntzjrgqiqg, oigh birg qjmg tjriemhi t jriemhi hjriq niztze tjriemhi lzeih%

OIO S @IQGL TJEJLGRGIE BIE TJNOI@IQIE :%9

Trkcgl _jqtkebje

Zezh njnzbi`hie bilin tjejlggie geg, nihi tjezlgq njewjoirhie hzjqgkejr hjtibi qjfznli` rjqtkebje, bgniei bilin bjqhrgtqg rjqtkebje nihi zfzie tjejlggie geg ibili` zezh njemji`zg hzilgiq tjliwieie jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq% _jqtkebje bilin tjejlggie geg ibili` 71 tjemmzei fiqi% Hzjqgkejr jli` bggqg klj` 71 tjemmzei fiqi, hjnzbgie bghkntgliqg bie bgkli` njefibg bii tjejlggie, ojrbiqirhie bii wiem bgtjrklj` nihi bghji`zg oi`}i fznli` tibi qjnzi gebghikr ljemhit bie qjqzig bjemie fznli` rjqtkebje% :%9%9

_jqtkebje Njezrz Znzr

_jqtkebje njezrz znzr biti bghjlkntkhhie njefibg : hjlkntkh wigz6 9:.?4 i`ze, ?9.?: i`ze, ?3.14 i`ze, 19.1: i`ze, bg iiq 1: i`ze% RIOJL 9 Ek%

Hjlkntkh Znzr

Crjhzjeqg

Tjrqjeiqj (*'

9%

9:.?4 i`ze

:

:

?%

?9.?: i`ze

?1

?1

1%

?3.14 i`ze

?9

?9

2%

19.1: i`ze

97

97

:%

Bg iiq 1: i`ze

Rkil rjqtkebje

?2

?2

71

71

Qznojr 6 Bii trgnjr kli` Ojrbiqirhie iojl 9 jrlg`i oi`}i birg 71 rjqtkebje, : rjqtkebje (:*' ibili` rjqtkebje wiem ojrznzr ieiri 9:.?4 i`ze, ?1 rjqtkebje (?1*' wiem njnglghg znzr ieiri ?9.?: i`ze, ?3.14 i`ze njntzewig rjqtkebje qjojqir ?9 rjqtkebje (?9*', 19.1: i`ze njntzewig rjqtkebje qjojqir 97 rjqtkebje (97*', bie bg iiq 19.1: i`ze qjojqir ?1 rjqtkebje (?1*'% Niwkrgiq jrojqir bilin tjejlggie geg ibili` rjqtkebje wiem ojrznzr ?3.14 i`ze bie rjqtkebje wiem ojrznzr bg iiq 1: i`ze% :%9%?

_jqtkebje Njezrz Fjegq Hjlinge

_jqtkebje njezrz fjegq hjlinge biti bghjlkntkhhie wigz lihg.lihg bie tjrjntzie% Klj` hirjei gz bilin rjqtkebje njezrz fjegq hjlinge biti bgqifghie tibi iojl GG ojrghz geg 6 RIOJL ? Ek

Fjegq Hjlinge

Crjhzjeqg

Trjqjeiqj

9%

Lihg.lihg

=2

=2

?%

Tjrjntzie

97

97

71

71

Rkil rjqtkebje Qznojr 6 Bii trgnjr bgkli`

Riojl GG wigz trjqjeiqj crjhzjeqg rjqtkebje njezrz fjegq hjlinge, itiogli bglg`i birg gemhi zqgi rjqtkebje jrlg`i oi`}i birg 71 rjqtkebje qjoimgie ojqir =2 rjqtkebje

njrztihie rjqtkebje wiem njnglghg fjegq hjlinge lihg.lihg, qjbiemhie rjqtkebje wiem njnglghg fjegq hjlinge tjrjntzie wigz qjojqir 97 rjqtkebje% Ojrirg niwkrgiq tjemmzei  fiqi tjghjniq ibili` lihg.lihg% lihg.lihg% :%9%1

_jqtkebje Njezrz Tjebgbghie

_jqtkebje njezrz tjebgbghie bilin tjejlggie geg biti bghliqgcghiqghie iiq 1  fjefiem tjebgbghie wigz QNI, Bgtlkni, Qirfiei% Klj` hirjei gz ihie bgqifghie `iqgl kli`ie bii crjhzjeqg rjqtkebje njezrz tjebgbghie wiem biti bgqifghie tibi iojl GGG wigz qjoimig ojrghz 6 RIOJL 1 Ek%

Fjegq Tjebgbghie Rjrih`gr

Crjhzjeqg

Tjrqjeiqj

9%

QNI

21

21

?%

Bgtlkni

?9

?9

1%

Qirfiei

97

97

2

Tiqaiqirfiei

4

4

%:%

Bie lige.ligeewi

0

0

71

71

Rkil rjqtkebje Qznojr 6 Bii trgnjr bgkli` b gkli`

Riojl GGG wiheg tjrqjeiqj crjhzjeqg njezrz tjebgbghie jrhi`gr, fghi bglg`i birg  fjefiem tjebgbghie rjqtkebje jrlg`i oi`}i birg 71 rjqtkebje rjqtkebje bgqgntzlhie oi`}i oi`}i tjemmzei  fiqi wiem njnglghg tjebgbghie QNI qjojqir 21 rjqtkebje, tjemmzei fiqi wiem njnglghg tjebgbghie bgtlkni qjoiewih ?9 rjqtkebje bie qirfiei qjojqir 91 rjqtkebje, bie wiem gbih 

njewjozhie tjebgbghieewi qjojqir 0 rjqtkebje% Fibg niwkrgiq tjemmzei fiqi wigz wiem njnglghg tjebgbghie QNI% :%9%2

_jqtkebje Njezrz Tjebitiie

_jqtkebje njezrz tjebitiie biti bgoimg njefibg 2 tjebitiie wiem ojrojbi. ojbi wigz <9%444%444, 9%444%444.1%444%444, 1%444%444.:%444%444, 5:%444%444% Klj` hirjei gz ihie bgqifghie `iqgl kli`ie bii crjhzjeqg rjqtkebje njezrz tjebitiie wiem biti bgqifghie tibi iojl GS wigz qjoimig ojrghz 6 RIOJL 2 Ek%

Rgemhi Tjebitiie

Crjhzjeqg

Tjrqjeiqj

9%

Hzriem birg 9%444%444

97

97

?%

9%444%444.1%444%444 9%444%444.1%444%444

21

21

1%

1%444%444.:%444%444 1%444%444.:%444%444

??

??

2%

Ljog` birg :%444%444

7

7

71

71

Rkil rjqtkebje Qznojr 6 Bii trgnjr bgkli` b gkli`

Riojl GS wiheg tjrqjeiqj crjhzjeqg rjqtkebje njezrz tjebitiie, bglg`i birg gemhi tjebitiie rjqtkebje nihi niwkrgiq rjqtkebje wiem jrojqir bilin tjejlggie geg wigz rjqtkebje wiem njnglghg tjebitiie ieiri 9%444%444.1%444%444% 9%444%444.1%444%444%

:%?

Bjqhrgtqg Sirgiojl Hzilgiq Tjliwieie bie Tjr`gzemie Qhkr Sirgiojl (P'

Minoirie jeiem sirgiojl ojoiq (gebjtjebje' wigz hzilgiq tjliwieie wiem bgzhzr klj` : sirgiojl wigz  _jlgioglgw (P9',  _jqtkeqgsjejqq (P?',  Iqqzrieaj (P1',  Jnt`iw (P2', Riemgolj (P:'%

Qjojlzn bgqifghie tjnoi`iqie njemjeig crjhzjeqg bie bjqhrgtqg sirgiojl hzilgiq tjliwieie, nihi jrljog` bi`zlz ihie bgqifghie iojl iemmitie rjqtkebje iiq qjgit tjriewiie bilin hzjqgkejr wiem biti bglg`i tibi iojl ojrghz geg% :%?%9

Tjriewiie njemjeig sirgiojl  _jlgioglgw (P9'

RIOJL :

QRQ Qhkr

EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

9%

Tjliwieie wiem rini` qjri qjlilz qgit njeklkem Fin hjrfi wiem jti }ihz

?

19

27

99

.

141 141

1

?0

:1 :1

99

.

140 140

Tjrlihzie jr`ibit tjemmzei fiqi gbih bgqhrgngeigc iiz bgojbi. ojbihie Tjliwieie wiem ajti bie jti

9

1?

20

9?

.

149 149

9

12

:9

=

.

140 140

?% 1%

2%

Rkil hjqjlzrz`ie qhkr

9??4

Qznojr6 bii bgkli`, ?499 Tjnoi`iqie iojl : njemjeig sirgiojl  _jlgioglgw bgfioirhie qjoimig ojrghz6 i%

Tibi tjriewiie tjrini wigz tjliwieie wiem rini` qjri qjlilz qgit njeklkem, qjoiewih ? rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, qjoiewih 19 njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih 27 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 99 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

o%

Qjliefzewi tibi tjriewiie hjbzi wigz fin hjrfi wiem jti }ihz qjoiewih 1 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, ?0 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih :1 rjqtkebje njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie wiem njefi}io gbih qjzfz qjoiewih 99 rjqtkebje%

a%

Tibi tjriewiie hjgmi wigz tjrlihzie jr`ibit tjemmzei fiqi gbih bgqhrgngeigc  iiz bgojbi.ojbihie qjoiewih 9 kriem njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 1? kriem njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih 20 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 99 kriem njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

b%

Tibi tjriewiie hjjnti wigz tjliwieie wiem ajti bie jti qjoiewih 9 kriem njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 12 kriem njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih :9 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie qjoiewih = kriem njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

:%?%?

Tjriewiie Njemjeig Sirgiojl  _jqtkeqgsjejqq  _jqtkeqgsjejqq (P?'

RIOJL 3

QRQ Qhkr

EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

9%

Hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie zezh  qjlilz iemmit jr`ibit niqili` wiem gnozl Hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie zezh  qjlilz iemmit jr`ibit hjlz`ie birg tjemmzei fiqi Ajti njrjqtke tjemmzei fiqi wiem bigem Hirwi}ie njnojrg geckrniqg wiem  fjliq bie nzbi` bgnjemjrg klj` tjemmzei fiqi

.

?7

:2

94

.

?70 ?70

?

14

:4

99

.

14? 14?

?

19

:9

7

.

14: 14:

2

?:

:7

:

.

14= 14=

?% 1% 2%

Rkil hjqjlzrz`ie qhkr

9?9?

Ojrbiqirhie iojl 3 njemjeig sirgiojl  _jqtkeqgsjejqq, njemjeig tjriewiie wiem bgojrghie ihie bgfjliqhie qjoimig ojrghz6

i%

Tibi tjriewiie tjrini njemjeig hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie zezh qjlilz iemmit jr`ibit niqili` wiem gnozl qjoiewih ?7 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, :2 rjqtkebje njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie qjoiewih 94 rjqtkebje njefi}ie gbih qjzfz%

o%

Tibi tjriewiie hjbzi wigz hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie zezh qjlilz iemmit jr`ibit hjlz`ie tjemmzei fiqi qjoiewih ? rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 14 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih :4 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 99 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

a%

Tibi tjriewiie hjgmi wigz ajti njrjqtke tjemmzei fiqi wiem biiem qjoiewih ? rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 19 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih :9 rjqtkebje njefi}io njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 7 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

b%

Tibi tjriewiie hjjnti njemjeig hirwi}ie njnojrg geckrniqg wiem fjliq bie nzbi` bgnjemjrg klj` tjemmzei fiqi qjoie wih 2 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, ?: rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih :7 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie qjoiewih : rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

:%?%1

Tjriewiie Njemjeig Sirgiojl  Iqqzrieaj  Iqqzrieaj (P1'

RIOJL =

QRQ Qhkr

EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

9%

Hirwi}ie nintz njeieinhie hjtjraiwiie hjtibi tjemmzei fiqi

9

?0

24

9:

.

?3= ?3=

?%

Hirwi}ie nintz njefi}io qjgit tjriewiie tjemmzei fiqi Tjemji`zie bie hjaihitie hirwi}ie Njlihzhie hknzeghiqg wiem jcjhgc  bjemie tjemmzei fiqi

?

19

24

99

.

?=3 ?=3

.

?0

:=

0

.

?77 ?77

9

?:

34

3

.

?7= ?7=

1% 2%

9917

Qznojr6 bii bgkli`, ?499 Ojrbiqirhie iojl = njemjeig sirgiojl  Iqqzrieaj, tjriewiie wiem bgojrghie ihie bgfjliqhie qjoimig ojrghz6 i%

Tibi tjriewiie tjrini wigz hirwi}ie nintz njeieinhie hjtjraiwiie hjtibi tjemmzei fiqi qjoiewih 9 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, ?0 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih 24 rjqtkebje njefi}ie azhzt qjzfz%, bie qjoiewih 9: rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

o%

Tibi tjriewiie hjbzi wigz hirwi}ie nintz njeieinhie hjtjraiwiie hjtibi tjemmzei fiqi qjoiewih ? rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 19 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih 24 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 99 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

a%

Tibi tjriewiie hjgmi wigz tjemji`zie bie hjaihitie hirwi}ie qjoiewih ?0 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, := rjqtkebje njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 0 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

b%

Tibi tjriewiie hjjnti njemjeig njlihzhie hknzeghiqg wiem jcjhgc tjemmzei  fiqi qjoiewih 9 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, ?: rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih 34 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie qjoiewih 3 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih  qjzfz%

:%?%2

Tjriewiie Njemjeig Sirgiojl  Jnt`iw (P2'

RIOJL 0

EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

9%

Hirwi}ie biti njni`ing hjozz`ie qtjqgcgh tjemmzei fiqi

:

24

2?

3

QRQ Qhkr .

191 191

?%

1%

2%

Hirwi}ie njnojrghie tjr`igie 2 qjairi gebgsgbz hjtibi tjemmzei  fiqi Hirwi}ie nzbi` bg`zozemg . tjemmzei fiqi bie njemzinihie hjtjegemie tjemmzei fiqi Ojriemmzem fi}io iiq hjinieie 1 bie hjewinieie tjemmzei fiqi Rkil hjqjlzrz`ie qhkr

14

24

7

.

?=0 ?=0

14

:?

99

.

?70 ?70

?1

34

=

.

149 149 9974

Qznojr6 bii bgkli`, ?499 Ojrbiqirhie iojl 0 njemjeig sirgiojl  Jnt`iw, tjriewiie wiem bgojrghie ihie bgfjliqhie qjoimig ojrghz6 i%

Tibi tjriewiie tjrini wigz hirwi}ie biti nini`ing nini`ing hjozz`ie tjemmzei fiqi qjoiewih : rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 24 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih 2? rjqtkebje njefi}ie azhzt qjzfz%, bie qjoiewih 3 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

o%

Tibi tjriewiie hjbzi wigz hirwi}ie njnojrghie tjr`igie qjairi gebgsgbz hjtibi tjemmzei fiqi qjoiewih 2 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 14 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih 24 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 7 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

a%

Tibi tjriewiie hjgmi wigz hirwi}ie nzbi` bg`zozemg tjemmzei fiqi bie njemzinihie hjtjegemie tjemmzei fiqi qjoiewih 14 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, :? rjqtkebje njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 99 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

b%

Tibi tjriewiie hjjnti wigz ojriemmzem fi}io iiq hjinieie bie hjewinieie tjemmzei fiqi qjoiewih 1 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, ?1 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih 34 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie qjoiewih = rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

:%?%:

Tjriewiie njemjeig sirgiojl Riemgolj (P:'

RIOJL 7

QRQ Qhkr

EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

9%

Tjeintglie hirwi}ie wiem ritg bie trkcjqqgkeil Tjriliie, tjrljemhitie, bie qiriei wiem nkbjre Hjojrqg`ie bie hjritg`ie lgemhzemie tjlioz`ie Tjeiiie ciqglgiq bie tjriliie tjlioz`ie wiem oigh 

2

?:

:9

9?

.

?7= ?7=

9

?0

:4

92

.

?7: ?7:

1

?=

:9

9?

.

144 144

1

?2

:7

=

.

14? 14?

?% 1% 2%

Rkil hjqjlzrz`ie qhkr

9972

Qznojr6 bii bgkli`, ?499 Ojrbiqirhie iojl 7 njemje nj emjeig ig sirgiojl Riemgolj, njemjeig tjriewiie wiem bgojrghie ihie bgfjliqhie qjoimig ojrghz6 i%

Tibi tjriewiie tjrini wigz tjeintglie hirwi}ie hirwi}ie wiem ritg bie trkcjqqgkeil trkcjqqgkeil qjoiewih 2 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, ?: rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih :9 rjqtkebje njefi}ie azhzt qjzfz%, bie qjoiewih 9? rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

o%

Tibi tjriewiie hjbzi wigz tjriliie, tjrljemhitie, tjrljemhitie, bie qiriei wiem nkbjre qjoiewih 9 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, ?0 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, :4 rjqtkebje njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 92 rjqtkebje njefi}io njefi}io gbih g bih qjzfz%

a%

Tibi tjriewiie hjgmi wigz hirwi}ie nzbi` bg`zozemg tjemmzei fiqi bie njemzinihie hjtjegemie tjemmzei fiqi qjoiewih 1 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, ?= rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, :9 rjqtkebje njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 9? rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

b%

Tibi tjriewiie hjjnti wigz tjeiiie ciqglgiq bie tjriliie tjlioz`ie wiem` oigh  qjoiewih 1 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, ?2 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih :7 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie qjoiewih = rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih  qjzfz%

:%?%3

Tjriewiie Njemjeig Hjtziqie Tjliemm ie (W'

RIOJL 94

QRQ Qhkr

EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

9%

Njezrz hing qjlini geg TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aio% Rjrngeil Tjghjniq njnojrghie tjliwieie fiqi wiem njnziqhie qjqzig bjemie wiem bg`irithie

7

31

97

?

.

1:0 1:0

?%

Njezrz hing hjrini`ie hirwi}ie TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aio% Rjrngeil Tjghjniq biti njnojrghie hjtziqie oimg tjemmzei fiqi

:

23

14

9?

.

1?1 1?1

1%

Hjajtiie bie hjajhiie hirwi}ie bilin njliwieg tjemmzei fiqi njnojrghie hjtziqie oimg tjemmzei fiqi

2

?3

17

?1

2%

Qjairi hjqjlzrz`ie hing njeglig oi`}i TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aio% Rjrngeil Tjghjniq njnglghg agri wiem tkqggc bie oigh%

=

3:

?9

.

Rkil hjqjlzrz`ie qhkr

9

?00 ?00

.

1:0 1:0

91?=

Qznojr6 bii bgkli`, ?499 Ojrbiqirhie iojl 94 njemjeig hjtziqie tjliemmie, tjriewiie wiem bgojrghie ihie bgfjliqhie qjoimig ojrghz6

i%

Tibi tjriewiie tjrini wigz njezrz hing qjlini geg TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aio% Rjrngeil Tjghjniq njnojrghie tjliwieie fiqi wiem njnziqhie qjqzig qjqzig bjemie wiem bg`irithie, bjemie gz qjoiewih 7 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 31 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, qjoiewih 97 rjqtkebje njefi}ie azhzt qjzfz%, bie qjoiewih 9? rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

o%

Tibi tjriewiie hjbzi wigz njezrz hing hjrini`ie hirwi}ie TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aio% Rjrngeil Tjghjniq biti njnojrghie hjtziqie oimg tjemmzei  fiqi, bjemie gz qjoiewih : rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 23 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, 14 rjqtkebje njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, bie 9? rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz%

a%

Tibi tjriewiie hjgmi wigz hjajtiie bie hjajhiie hirwi}ie bilin njliwieg tjemmzei fiqi njnojrghie njnojrghie hjtziqie oimg oimg tjemmzei fiqi, nihi nihi birg gz qjoiewih 2 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, qjoiewih ?3 rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, 17 rjqtkebje njefi}io azhzt qjzfz, ?1 rjqtkebje njefi}io gbih qjzfz, bie 9 rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi gbih qjzfz%

b%

Tibi tjriewiie hjjnti wigz qjairi hjqjlzrz`ie hing njeglig oi`}i TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aio% Rjrngeil Tjghjniq njnglghg agri wiem tkqggc bie oigh%, bjemie gz qjoiewih = rjqtkebje njefi}io qiemi qjzfz, 3: rjqtkebje njefi}io qjzfz, bie qjoiewih ?9 njefi}io azhzt qjzfz%

:%1

@iqgl Ieilgqgq _jmrjqg Lgejir Ojrmiebi

Ieilgqgq rjmrjqg lgejir ojrmiebi ojrzfzie zezh njemzfg tjemirz` ieiri hzilgiq tjliwieie (rjlgioglgw, rjqtkeqgsjejqq, iqqzrieaj, jnt`iw, bie iemgolj' jr`ibit hjtziqie

tjliemmie% Nihi ihie bglihzhie zfg `gtkjqgq `gt kjqgq bjemie njemmzeihie njkbj rjmrjqg ojrmiebi bie bg`gzem bjemie njemmzeihie QTQQ Sjr 91%4% Akjccgagjeq

Zeqiebirbgvjb Akjccgagjeq Nkbjl 9

(Akeqie' _jlgioglgw

_jqtkeqgsjejqq Iqqzrieaj Jnt`iw Riemgolj

O

Qiebirbgvjb Akjccgagjeq

Qb% Jrrkr

?,3?9 ,94:

,1:9 ,4:9

,90? ,92: ,994 ,1=1

,4=2 ,42= ,4:1 ,430

i

R

Oji

Qgm%

,940

=,2=2 ?,43?

,444 ,42?

,?44 ,932 ,9 32 ,9?2 ,214

?,22? 1,40? ?,40? :,2:0

,49= ,441 ,424 ,444

i% Bjtjebje Sirgiolj6 Hjtziqie[Tjl Hjtzi qie[Tjliemmie iemmie Qznojr6 Bii bgkli` bjemie trkmrin QTQQ

Birg `iqgl kli`ie bii rjmrjqg njlilzg t rkmrin hkntzjrgqiqg hkntzjrgqiqg (QTQQ sjrqg 91' eintih  oi`}i ieiri hzilgiq tjliwieie bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie, nihi bgtjrklj` tjrqiniie rjmrjqg wigz qjoimig ojrghz6 W > ?,3?9  4,94: P 9  4,90? P?  4,92: P1 4,994 P2  4,1=1 P : Ibitze `iqgl gejrtrjiqg iiq tjrqiniie rjmrjqg lgejir ojrmiebi biti bgzrighie qjoimig ojrghz6



ι (Hkeqie' > ?,3?9 njrztihie eglig hkeqie%



Hkjcgqgje rjmrjqg  _jlgioglgw > 4,94: P 9, itiogli eglig P9 bgeighhie qjojqir 9*, nihi gemhi hjtziqie tjliemmie (W' ihie njeg emhi qjojqir 4,94:%



Hkjcgqgqje rjmrjqg  _jqtkeqgsjejqq > 4,90? P?, itiogli eglig P ? bgeighhie qjojqir 9*, nihi gemhi hjtziqie (W' ihie njegemhi qjojqir 4,90?%



Hkjcgqgje rjmrjqg  Iqqzrieaj > 4,92: P 1, itiogli eglig P1 bgeighhie qjojqir 9*, nihi gemhi hjtziqie (W' ihie njegemhi qjojqir 4,92:%



Hkjcgqgje rjmrjqg  Jnt`iw > 4,994 P 2, itiogli eglig P2 bgeighhie qjojqir 9*, nihi gemhi hjtziqie (W' ihie njegemhi qjojqir 4,994%



Hkjcgqgje rjmrjqg Riemgolj > 4,1=1 P:, itiogli eglig P: bgeighhie qjojqir 9*, nihi gemhi hjtziqie (W' ihie njegemhi qjojqir 4,1=1% Ojrbiqirhie `iqgl hkjcgqgje rjmrjqg jr`ibit qjnzi sirgiojl hzilgiq tjliwieie

jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq bg Nihiqqir njezefzhhie eglig tkqggc% @il geg ojrirg oi`}i qjnihge oigh hzilgiq tjliwieie, nihi ihie qjnihge gemmg hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq bg Nihiqqir% :%2

Zfg C (Qjrjntih'

Zfg C bgmzeihie zezh njemji`zg tjemirz` qjairi ojrqini.qini sirgiojl ojoiq qjairi qgmegcghie jr`ibit sirgiojl jrghi% Ibi ? airi zezh njemji`zg tjemirz` hjqjlzrz`ie sirgiojl gebjtjebje bjemie sigiojl bjtjebje wigz qjoimig ojrghz6 i% Zfg ojrbiqirhie o jrbiqirhie gemhi qgmegcghieqg o% Tjroiebgemie C `gzem bie Ciojl, bjemie trkoioglgi qjojqir :* (4,4:'% Hiliz gemhi qgmegcghie < :* (4,4:' njntzewig tjemirz` qgmegcghie%

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Bilin zfg ojrbiqirhie gemhi qgmegcghieqg bgtjrklj` C `gzem wigz qjojqir ?3:,019 bjemie eglig qgm > 4,444% Hirjei eglig qgm > 4,444 < 4,4: njezefzhhie oi`}i hzilgiq tjliwieie qjairi ojrqini.ojrqini iiz qjairi qgnzlie njntzewig tjemirz` wiem hzi (qgmegcghie' jr`ibit tjegemhiie hjtziqie tjliemmie% Bilin tjroiebgemie C `gzem bie Ciojl, itiogli C`gzem 5 Ciojl biti bghiihie ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit sirgiojl bjtjebje% Bg oi}i` geg ihie bgfjliqhie zezh njebitihie bc9 bie bc? qjoimig ojrghz6 i% bc 9 > kil sirgiojl tjejlggie ‑ 9 > 3.9 > : o% bc ? > kil qintjl . kil sirgiojl . 9 > 71 ‑ 3 ‑ 9 > 0= Fibg, Ciojl > ?,1? @gtkjqgq @k 6 Qjairi qgnzlie sirgiojl gebjtjebje gbih ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit sirgiojl bjtjebje% @9 6 Qjairi qgnzlie sirgiojl gebjtjebje ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit sirgiojl bjtjebje%

@k bgjrgni fghi C`gzem < Ciojl @9 bgjrgni fghi C`gzem 5 Ciojl Fibg `iqgl birg zfg C`gzem bie Ciojl wigz ?3:,019 5 ?,1? ojrirg @ 9 bgjrgni hirjei C`grzem ljog` ojqir bgoiebgemhie C iojl, fibg biti bghiihie qjairi qgnzlie sirgiojl gebjtjebje njntzewig tjemirz` jr`ibit sirgiojl bjtjebje% :%:

Zfg  (Tirqgil'

Zfg  njntzewig zfzie zezh njemzfg tjemirz` birg git.git sirgiojl hzilgiq tjliwieie jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi, bjemie njemmzeihie ? airi zezh njemji`zg qgmegcghieqgewi qgmegcghieqgewi wiheg qjoimig ojrghz6 i% Ojrbiqirhie gemhi qgmegcghieqgewi wiem biti bglg`i bg iojl QTQQ sjrqg 91%4, bjemie

njemmzeihie eglig qgmegcghie ι > 4,4:% Fibg biti bghiihie qgmegcghie fghi eglig qgmegcghie sirgiojl < 4,4:% o% Njemzfg tjroiebgemie  `gzem bie  iojl%

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6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl gebjtjebje gbih ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie%

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i% Bjtjebje Sirgiolj6 Hjtziqie[Tjl Hjtzi qie[Tjliemmie iemmie Qznojr6 Bii bgkli` bjemie trkmrin QTQQ

@il geg biti bglihzhie b glihzhie tjemzfgie tjemzfgie tirqgil wigz6 i% Tjemirz` rjlgioglgw jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemziqie tjliemmie6



Ojrbiqirhie gemhi qgmegcghieqgewi wigz tjemirz` rjlgioglgw bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie bgtjrklj` eglig qgm > 4,42?% Hirjei eglig qgm > 4,42? < 4,4: ojrirg ibi tjemirz` wiem qgmegcghie ieiri rjlgioglgw bjemie hjtiziqie tjliemmie% Bjemie hii lige sirgiojl rjlgioglgw njnglghg tjemirz` wiem hzi jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie%



Njemzfg tjemirz` qgmegcghie ieiri  `gzem bie iojl wigz @k9 6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl rjlgioglgw gbih ojrtjemirz` jr`bit gemhi hjtziqie% @i9 6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl rjlgioglgw ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie%

Bghji`zg  `gzem bgtjrklj` eglig ?,43? bgtjrklj` birg `iqgl QTQQ b ie iojl bgtjrklj` eglig 9,700% Biti bgqgntzlhie oi`}i  `gzem 5 iojl hirjei ?,43? 5 9,700, njezefzhhie oi`}i qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl rjlgioglgw ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie tjliemmie% Nihi qjairi tirqgil @i9 bgjrgni% o% Tjemirz` rjqtkeqgsjejqq jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie6



Ojrbiqirhie gemhi qgmegcghieqgewi wigz tjemirz` rjqtkeqgsjejqq bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie bgtjrklj` eglig qgm > 4,49=% Hirjei eglig qgm > 4,49= < 4,4: ojrirg ibi tjemirz` wiem qgmegcghie ieiri rjqtkeqgsjejqq bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie% tjliemmie% Bjemie hii lige sirgiojl rjqtkeqgsjejqq njnglghg tjemirz` wiem hzi jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie%



Njemzfg tjemirz` qgmegcghie ieiri  `gzem bie iojl wigz @k? 6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl rjqtkeqgsjejqq gbih ojrtjemirz` jr`bit gemhi hjtziqie% @i?

6

Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl rjqtkeqgsjejqq ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie%

Bghji`zg `gzem bgtjrklj` eglig ?,22? bgtjrklj` birg `iqgl QTQQ bie  iojl 9,33? bgtjrklj` eglig 9,33?% Biti bgqgntzlhie oi`}i  `gzem 5 iojl hirjei ?,700 5 9,700, njezefzhhie oi`}i qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl rjqtkeqgsjejqq ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie tjliemmie% Nihi qjairi tirqgil @i? bgjrgni% a% Tjemirz` sirgiojl iqqzrieaj jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie6



Ojrbiqirhie gemhi qgmegcghieqgewi wigz tjemirz` iqqzrieaj bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie bgtjrklj` eglig qgm > 4,441% Hirjei eglig qgm > 4,441 < 4,4: ojrirg ibi

tjemirz` wiem qgmegcghie ieiri iqqzrieaj bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie% Bjemie hii lige sirgiojl iqqzrieaj njnglghg tjemirz` wiem hzi jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie%



Njemzfg tjemirz` qgmegcghie ieiri  `gzem bie iojl wigz @k1 6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl iqqzrieaj gbih ojrtjemirz` jr`bit gemhi hjtziqie% @i1 6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl iqqzrieaj ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie%

Bghji`zg `gzem bgtjrklj` eglig 1,40? birg `iqgl QTQQ bie  iojl bgtjrklj` eglig 9,700% Biti bgqgntzlhie oi`}i  `gzem 5 iojl hirjei 1%40? 5 9,700, njezefzhhie oi`}i qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl iqqzrieaj ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie tjliemmie% Nihi qjairi tirqgil @i1 bgjrgni% b% Tjemirz` sirgiojl  Jnt`iw jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie6



Ojrbiqirhie gemhi qgmegcghieqgewi wigz tjemirz` jnt`iw bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie bgtjrklj` eglig qgm > 4,424% Hirjei eglig qgm > 4,424 < 4,4: ojrirg ibi tjemirz` wiem qgmegcghie ieiri jnt`iw bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie% Bjemie hii lige sirgiojl jnt`iw njnglghg tjemirz` wiem hzi jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie%



Njemzfg tjemirz` qgmegcghie ieiri  `gzem bie iojl wigz @k2 6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl jnt`iw gbih ojrtjemirz` jr`bit gemhi hjtziqie% @i2 6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl jnt`iw ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie%

Bghji`zg `gzem bgtjrklj` eglig ?,40? birg `iqgl QTQQ bie  iojl bgtjrklj` eglig 9,700% Biti bgqgntzlhie oi`}i  `gzem 5 iojl hirjei ?,40? 5 9,700, njezefzhhie oi`}i qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl jnt`iw ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie tjliemmie% Nihi qjairi tirqgil @i2 bgjrgni% j% Tjemirz` sirgiojl Riemgolj jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie6



Ojrbiqirhie gemhi qgmegcghieqgewi wigz tjemirz` iemgolj bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie bgtjrklj` eglig qgm > 4,444% Hirjei eglig qgm > 4,444 < 4,4: ojrirg ibi tjemirz` wiem qgmegcghie ieiri iemgolj bjemie hjtziqie tjliemmie% Bjemie hii lige sirgiojl iemgolj njnglghg tjemirz` wiem hzi jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie%



Njemzfg tjemirz` qgmegcghie ieiri  `gzem bie iojl wigz @k: 6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl iemgolj gbih ojrtjemirz` jr`bit gemhi hjtziqie% @i: 6 Qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl iemgolj ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie%

Bghji`zg `gzem bgtjrklj` eglig :,2:0 birg `iqgl QTQQ bie  iojl bgtjrklj` eglig 9,700% Biti bgqgntzlhie oi`}i  `gzem 5 iojl hirjei :,2:0 5 9,700, njezefzhhie oi`}i qjairi tirqgil sirgiojl iemgolj ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit gemhi hjtziqie tjliemmie% Nihi qjairi tirqgil @i : bgjrgni%

OIO SG HJQGNTZLIE BIE QI_IE.QI_IE 3%9

Hjqgntzlie

Ibitze hjqgntzlie birg `iqgl ieilgqgq bie tjnoi`iqie njemjeig tjemirz` bgnjeqg hzilgiq tjliwieie jr`ibit hjtziqie tjliemmie, nihi biti bgirgh ojojriti hjqgntzlie wigz qjoimig ojrghz6 9% Tjemirz` ieiri hjlgni bgnjeqg tjliwieie ( rjlgioglgw, rjqtkeqgsjejqq, iqqzrieaj, jnt`iw, iemgolj' ojrtjemirz` qgmegcghie jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi% Bgniei

qjnihge oigh tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie klj` tjrzqi`iie nihi ihie qjairi liemqzem biti njegemhihie hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi% @il geg biti bglg`i birg eglig qgm < 4%4:% ?% Qj`zozemie bjemie `gtkjqgq wiem jli` bghjnzhihie oi`}i hzilgiq tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie klj` TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq ojrtjemirz` jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi% Bilin higieewi bjemie `iqgl zfg tirqgil nihi bgtjrklj` `iqgl qgm birg qjgit bgnjeqg niqgem.niqgem bgoi}i` birg 4,4:, ojrirg ibi tjemirz` wiem qgmegcghie ieiri bgnjeqg tjliwieie bjemie hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi, qj`gemmi `gtk jqgq jrozhg% 1% Qj`zozemie bjemie `gtkjqgq wiem jli` bghjnzhihie oi`}i hzilgiq tjliwieie wiem tilgem bkngeie tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq bg Nihiqqir Nihiqqir ibili` fingeie (iqqzrieaj'% Bilin higieewi bjemie `iqgl zfg tirqgil, iqqzrieaj ojribi bg zrzie hjbzi bg gemhi qgmegcghieqgewi, wiem tilgem ojrtjemirz` wigz sirgiojl ozhg cgqgh ( iemgolj' wiem njntjrklj` eglig qgm 4,444

ljog` rjebi` birg hzilgiq tjliwieie wiem ligeewi% Ihie jitg, tibi biqirewi hjlgni sirgiojl jrqjoz njntzewig tjemirz` wiem hzi jr`ibit hjtziqie tjemmzei fiqi% 2% Qii geg qjairi znzn, tjemmzei fiqi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq azhzt tziq bjemie tjliwieie wiem bgojrghie klj` hirwi}ie TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq% 3%?

Qirie.qirie

Ojrghz geg ihie bghjnzhihie ojojriti qirie wiem hgriewi biti ojrniecii oimg tjrzqi`iie bilin njnojrghie tjliwieie wiem jroigh oimg tiri tjemmzei fiqi bie bjng njeaitig zfzie tjrzqi`iie% Ibitze qirie.qirieewi qjoimig ojrghz6 9% @jebihewi tjrzqi`iie imir biti njegemhihie tjliwieie wiem ljog` oigh limg, `il geg bgnihqzbhie mzei biti njezefiem hjtziqie tjemmzei% ?% Tg`ih TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq bg`irithie biti njegemhihie hzilgiq tjliwieie fiqi bie QBN tjrzqi`iieewi qjgrgem ojrhjnoiemewi vinie bjemie airi njnojrghie tjlig`ie.tjlig`ie tjegemhiie hjnintzie gebgsgbz qjairi ojrhili hjtibi tiri hirwi}ie, qj`gemmi tjliwieie fiqi ihie jrfilge ljog` nihqgnil wiem ojrbintih tibi hjzezemie tjrzqi`iie% 1% Qjoimig qiz.qizewi tjewjbgi fiqi hjtjlioz`ie, nihi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq bg`irzqhie zezh njemjnoiemhie qgqjn, ciqglgiq, bie tjriliie tjlioz`ie bjemie njemghzg jheklkmg wiem jrhgeg, imir njefibg tjrzqi`iie hjtjlioz`ie wiem ojqir bie hzi% 2% Ojrgebih ajti bilin njeiemieg qjgit niqili` wiem jrfibg bg bilin tjrzqi`iie%

BICRI_ TZQIHI

_iemhzg, Crjbw, ?442,  _gqj Tjniqirie Tjniqirie% Ajihie Hjlgni, TR% Mrinjbgi Tzqihi Zini, Fihiri% Hkljr, T`glgt ?44=, Ilg` Oi`iqi6 Ojewinge Nklie8 Tjewzegem6 Oinoiem Qir}gfg, QJ8  Nieifjnje Tjniqirie Tjniqirie, jbgqg 9? Fglgb 98 TR% GEBJHQ, Fihiri%

Hkljr, T`glgt ?440, Ilg` Oi`iqi6 Ojewinge Nklie8 Tjewzegem6 Oinoiem Qir}gfg, QJ8  Nieifjnje Tjniqirie, jbgqg 9? Fglgb ?8 TR% GEBJHQ, Fihiri%

Lktgwkibg, ?449, Qjrsgaj Yzilgw bilin Tjniqirie, Jbgqg hjbzi fglgb Jnti, TR% Mrinjbgi Tzqihi Zini, Fihiri% Rfgtkek, Ciebw bie A`iebri, Mrjmkrgzq, ?44:, Qjrsgaj, Yzilgw ieb Qigqciagke, Tjejrog Iebg% Wkmwihiri% Qzmgkek, ?443, Qigqghi Zezh Tjejlggie% Ajihie Hjqjnoglie% Ilcioji, Oiebzem% Oiebzem% Tjniqirie, Fihiri6 TR% Mrinjbgi Tzqihi Zini% _iemhzg, Crjbw, ?449%  _gqj Tjniqirie,

Znir, @zqjge, ?44:,  Njkbj Tjejlggie Zezh Qhrgtqg bie Rjqgq Ogqegq, TR% _ifi Mricgebk Tjrqibi, Fihiri% Tjliwieie Fiqi, Tjejrog Iebg, Wkmwihiri% Rfgtkek, Ciebw, ?443, Nieifjnje Tjliwieie  Biqir.Biqir Tjniqirie6 Trgeagtljq kc Nirhjgem =j Fglgb 9% Hkljr bie Irnqrkem, 977=,  Biqir.Biqir

Ilg` oi`iqi klj` Ilj piebjr Qgebkrk, Trje`ilgebk% Fihiri% Nirgkg, Fk`e, ?441,  Nirhjgem% Trjqiqg Tzqihi Tzolgq`jr% Fihiri% Nibzri, Fjcc, ?449, Tjemieir Ogqegq% Ozhz 9% Qiljnoi Jnti% Fihiri%

Gez`ie, Wzezq, ?494,  Nihiqqir Akeigejr Rjrngeil, TR% Tjlgebk GS (Tjrqjrk' Rjrngeil Tjghjniq Nihiqqir% Trk Cifir.Fihiri%

BICRI_ _JCJ_JEQG KELGEJ Qzmgwkek, ?44? (}}}%lgorirw%ztesf%ia%gb ( }}}%lgorirw%ztesf%ia%gb'' bg ihqjq iemmil 2 Khkojr ?499 tibi tzhzl 93%10 ]GRI Qzmgwkek, ?443 (}}}%rjtkqgkrw%zqz%ia%gb ( }}}%rjtkqgkrw%zqz%ia%gb'' bg ihqjq iemmil 2 K hkojr ?499 tibi tzhzl 93%17

Hjtibi W`% Oitih+Goz _jqtkebje bg Rjnti

Bjemie `krni, Tjrjbirie hzjqgkejr ggeg bgnihqzbhie zezh njntjrklj` bii mzei tjewzqzeie qhrgtqg bilin riemhi tjewjljqigie qzbg tibi fzrzqie Nieifjnje Cihzliq Jhkekng Zegsjrqgiq @iqiezbbge% Oitih+Goz ihie bgifih zezh zrz ojrtirgqgtiqg bilin tjejlggie njemjeig “Tjemirz` Hzilgiq Tjliwieie Rjr`ibit Hjtziqie Tjemmzei Fiqi tibi TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS (Tjrqjrk' aioiem Rjrngeil Tjghjniq bg Nihiqqir% Klj` hirjei gz qiwi qiemi njem`irithie hjqjbgiie oitih+goz njemgqg hzjqgkejr jrqjoz% Geckrniqg wiem qiwi tjrklj` birg rjqtkebje Oitih+Goz ojrghie, ihie qiemi njnoiez qiwi bilin tjewzqzeie qhrgtqg Bjemie bjnghgie tjrnk`keie qiwi, iiq hjqjbgiie bie tirgqgtiqg Oitih+Goz zezh  njlziemhie }ihz njemgqg hzjqgkejr geg, qi wi zaithie jrgni hiqg`%

Tjejlgg

Riniri Izlgi

Bii _jqtkebje

Ojrgli` iebi (P' tibi fi}ioie wiem iebi iemmit t ilgem ojeir 9% Fjegq Hjlinge i' Lihg.Lihg o' Tjrjntzie ?% Zqgi i' 9: 9: ‑ ?4 i`ze o' ?9 . ?: i`ze a' ?3 ‑ 14 i`ze b' 19 ‑ 1: i`ze j' Bg iiq 1: i`ze 1% Tjebgbghie i' QNI+Qjbjrifi o' Bgtlkni a' Qirfiei b' Q? (Tiqai ( Tiqai Qirfiei' j' Ligeewi, Qjozhie‣%% Qjoz hie‣%% 2% Tjebitiie iebi tjrozlie i' < 9%444%444 9 %444%444 o' 9%444%444 ‑ 1%444%444 a' 1%444%444 ‑ :%444%444 b' 5 :%444%444

Tjzefzh Tjemgqgie Hzjqgkejr

Ojrgli` iebi ( ∖ ' tibi qili` qiz hklkn wiem jrqjbgi qjqzig bjemie tjebiti iebi%

Hjjriemie6 QQ > Qiemi Qjzfz Q > Qjzfz AQ > Azhzt Qjzfz RQ > Rgbih Qjzfz QRQ > Qiemi Rgbih Qjzfz

BICRI_ TJ_RIEWIIE I% _JILGOGLGRW EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

9%

Tjliwieie Tjli wieie wiem rini` qjri qjlilz qgit njeklkem

?% 1%

Fin hjrfi wiem jti }ihz Tjrlihzie jr`ibit tjemmzei fiqi gbih  bgqhrgngeigc iiz bgojbi.ojbihie Tjliwieie wiem ajti bie jti

2%

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

QRQ

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

QRQ

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

QRQ

O% _JQTKEQGSJEJQQ EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

9%

Hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie zezh qjlilz qjlilz iemmit jr`ibit niqili` wiem gnozl Hjnintzie tjrzqi`iie zezh qjlilz qjlilz

?%

iemmit jr`ibit hjlz`ie birg tjemmzei  fiqi 1%

Ajti njrjqtke tjemmzei fiqi wiem bigem

2%

Hirwi}ie njnojrg njno jrg geckrniqg wiem fjliq bie nzbi` bgnjemjrg klj` tjemmzei fiqi

A% IQQZ_IEAJ EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

9% ?% 1% 2%

Hirwi}ie nintz njeieinhie njeieinhie hjtjraiwiie hjtibi tjliemmie Hirwi}ie nintz njefi}io qjgit qjgit tjriewiie tjliemmie Tjemji`zie Tjemji `zie bie hjaihitie hjaihiti e hirwi}ie Njlihzhie hknzeghiqg wiem wiem jcjhgc  jcjhgc  bjemie tjemmzei fiqi

B% JNT@IRW EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

9%

Hirwi}ie biti njni`ing hjozz`ie qtjqgcgh tjemmzei fiqi Hirwi}ie njnojrghie tjr`igie qjairi gebgsgbz hjtibi tjemmzei fiqi Hirwi}ie nzbi` bg`zozemg tjemmzei  fiqi bie njemzinihie hjtjegemie tjemmzei fiqi Ojriemmzem fi}io jr`ibit hjinieie bie hjewinieie tjemmzei fiqi

?% 1%

2%

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

QRQ

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

QRQ

QQ

Q

AQ

RQ

QRQ

J% RIEMGOLJ EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

9%

Tjeintglie hirwi}ie wiem ritg bie trkcjqqgkeil

?%

Tjriliie, tjrljemhitie bie qiriei wiem nkbjre

1%

Hjojrqg`ie Hjojr qg`ie bie tjlioz`ie

hjritg`ie

lgemhzemie lgemhze mie

2%

Tjeiiie ciqglgiq bie tjriliie tjlioz`ie wiem oigh 

C% HJTZIQIE TJLIEMMIE EK%

TJ_RIEWIIE

9%

Njezrz hing qjlini geg TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aio% Rjrngeil Tjghjniq njnojrghie

tjliwieie

njnziqhie

qjqzig

bg`irithie

fiqi

wiem

bjemie

wiem

?%

Njezrz hing hjrini`ie hirwi}ie TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aio% Rjrngeil Tjghjniq biti njnojrghie hjtziqie oimg tjemmzei fiqi

1%

Hjajtiie bie hjajhiie hirwi}ie hirwi}ie bilin njliwieg

tjemmzei

fiqi

njnojrghie

hjtziqie oimg tjemmzei fiqi 2%

Qjairi hjqjlzrz`ie hjqjlzrz`ie hing njeglig oi`}i TR% Tjlioz`ie Gebkejqgi GS aio% Rjrngeil Tjghjniq njnglghg agri wiem tkqggc bie oigh%