MIKROBIOLOGI INDUSTRI
PROSES FERMENTASI NATA DE COCO MENGGUNAKAN BAKTERI ACETOBACTER XYLINUM
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Re$en Re$en R%hm%& R%hm%&h%n h%nii Dhim%s Dhim%s A$*%ni $*%ni R Ik% M +um,%n +um,%n$%$%-%% S%$% S%$%h h Ch%i Ch%i$u $unn nnis is%% E/i0% 1u**in% 1u**in% A2i%n0i A2i%n0i
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TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA 2016 PROSES FERMENTASI NATA DE COCO
N%0% De Co3o me$up%k%n -ell* *%n4 &ih%silk%n &%$i s%$i kel%p% *%n4 0el%h m%0%n4# N%0% &e 3o3o meli,%0k%n p$oses 2e$men0%si &en4%n men44un%k%n ,%k0e$i Acetobacter Xylinum *%n4 pe$0%m% k%li &i,u%0 &i Filipin%# N%0% De Co3o ,e$,en0uk -ell* ,enin4 *%n4 k%*% %k%n se$%05 ,%k0e$i Acetobacter Xylinumini men4h%sik%n en6im *%n4 &%p%0 men4u,%h 4ul% men-%&i lem,%$%n se$%0 selulos%# B%k0e$i Acetobacter Xylinum ini &%p%0 ,e$0%h%n hi&up &%n ,e$kem,%n4 ,i%k p%&% 0in4k%0 ke%%s%m%n m%upun 0in4k%0 ke,%s%%n (p7 )5895!5 0e0%pi p%&% p7 i&e%l pe$0um,uh%nn*% %&%l%h p%&%0in4k%0 ke%s%m%n .5) p7 &%n &%p%0 hi&up p%&% suhu ';< )" ;C# B%k0e$i Acetobacter Xylinum ini me$up%k%n ,%k0$i %n%e$o, *%i0u ,%k0e$i *%n4 mem,u0uhk%n oksi4en un0uk pe$0um,uh%n me&i%n*%#Un0uk mem,u%0 n%0% *%n4 &iin4ink%n5 m%k% &ipe$luk%n s%$i kel%p% &en4%n ku%li0%s *%n4 ,%ik sehin44% p$oses 2e$men0%si n%n0in*% -u4% ,e$h%sil &%n men4h%silk%n n%0% &e 3o3o &en4%n ku%li0%s *%n4 ,e$mu0u 0in44i#Fe$men0%si &il%kuk%n sel%m% ' s%mp%i . min44u un0uk men&%p%0k%n h%sil 2e$men0%si n%0% &e 3o3o *%n4 sempu$n%#P$oses 2e$men0%si mem,u0uhk%n ,e,e$%p% nu0$isi &%n ,e,e$%p% sen*%=% un0uk pe$0um,uh%n mik$o,% Acetobacter Xylinummis%ln*% pen%m,%h%n se-uml%h k%$,ohi&$%05 ni0$o4en (N'! &%n %s%m 3uk% un0uk men&ukun4 ,e,e$%p% pe$0um,uh%n ,%k0e$i *%n4 men&ukun4 p$oses 2e$men0%si# A&% ,e,e$%p% sen*%=% se&e$h%n% *%n4 ,i%s% &i4un%k%n p%&% p$oses 2e$men0%si sepe$0i 2$uk0os%5 m%l0os%5 suk$os% &%n m%nos% *%n4 me$up%k%n sen*%=% hi&$%0 %$%n4# Sen*%=% hi&$%0 %$%n4 *%n4 men&ukun4 ,%4i pe$0um,uh%n &%n pe$kem,%n4%n ,%k0e$i Acetobacter Xylinum i%l%h suk$os%5 &im%n% &en4%n %&%n*% suk$os% mem,u%0 ,%k0e$i Acetobacter Xylinum m%mpu ,e$0%h%n hi&up &%n ,e$kem,%n4 ,i%k &en4%n ,%ik 0e$h%&%p lin4kun4%n &%n ,e,e$%p% 2%30o$ *%n4 0e$li,%0 &%l%m p$oses 2e$men0%si# Sel%in i0u5 suk$os% -u4% me$up%k%n sen*%=% *%n4 p%lin4 mu$%h5 suk$os% *%n4 ,%ik &i4un%k%n i%l%h suk$os% *%n4 ,e$=%$n%h pu0ih k%$en% =%$n% pu0ih &%p%0 mempen4%$uhi pen%mpil%n n%0% &e 3o3o# D%l%m pem,u%0%n n%0% &e 3o3o -u4% mem,u0uhk%n %s%m 3uk% &%n %s%m %se0%0 *%n4 &i0%m,%hk%n p%&% %i$ kel%p%5 h%l ini ,e$2un4si un0uk menin4k%0k%n &e$%-%0 ke%s%m%%n %0%u men4u$%n4i &e$%-%0 ke%s%m%n# As%m %se0%0 *%n4 &%p%0 men4h%silk%n n%0% *%n4 ,e$ku%li0%s %&%l%h %s%m %se0%0 4l%3i%l# >enis %s%m ini memiliki 0in4k%0 ke%s%m%n ??59@ sehin44% s%n4%0 &i,u0uhk%n un0uk men4h%sik%n n%0% &e 3o3o *%n4 sempu$n% &en4%n 0in4k%0 ke%s%m%n *%n4 &ih%$%pk%n#Un0uk sen*%=% *%n4 s%n4%0 selek0i2 0e$h%&%p pe$kem,%n4%n &%n pe$0um,uh%n
mik$o,% &i,u0uhk%n sen*%=% %monium sul2%05 sen*%=% ini s%n4%0 mu&%h l%$u0 p%&% konsen0$%si 0e$0en0u# P$oses 2e$men0%si n%0% &e 3o3o meme$luk%n ,e,e$%p% 0%h%p5 *%kni pen4%m,il%n s%$i kel%p% *%n4 &ih%$%pk%n5 pen%m,%h%n ,e$,%4%i sen*%=% se,%4%i me&i% pe$0um,uh%n mik$o,%# Se0i%p sen*%=% *%n4 &i,u0uhk%n h%$us &isesu%ik%n &en4%n ke%&%%n pe$0um,uh%n ,%k0e$i Acetobacter Xylinum5 k%$en% -ik% 0i&%k sesu%i m%k% p$oses 2e$men0%si 0i&%k %k%n mem,u%hk%n h%sil sesu%i &en4%n *%n4 &ih%$%pk%n# Al%0 *%n4 &i4un%k%n h%$us &%l%m ke%&%%n s0e$il sup%*% 0i&%k menim,ulk%n pe$0um,uh%n mik$o,% *%n4 l%in5 k%$en% ,is% s%-% mik$o,% 0e$se,u0 men4h%l%n4i p$oses 2e$men0%si# P%&% %khi$ 2e$men0%si5 pem,u%0%n n%0% %k%n men4h%silk%n lim,%h o$4%nik m%upun %no$4%nik# +im,%h 0e$se,u0 &%p%0 ,e$&%mp%k p%&% lin4kun4%n %p%,il% 0i&%k &i%0%si &en4%n ,%ik# Un0uk pen%n4%n%n lim,%h p%&% p$oses 2e$men0%si n%0% &e 3o3o ,%ik lim,%h o$4%nik m%upun %no$4%nik &%p%0 &il%kuk%n &en4%n 3%$%: •
Un0uk lim,%h %no$4%nik sepe$0i se$%,u0 &%n ,%0ok kel%p% *%n4 &%p%0 &i4un%k%n se,%4%i me&i% pe$0um,uh%n 0%n%m%n %n44$ek %0%u ,is% -u4% &i,%k%$5 h%sil pem,%k%$%n 0e$se,u0
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&%p%0 &i4un%k%n se,%4%i kompos *%i0u se,%4%i me&i% pen*u,u$ 0%n%m%n# Un0uk lim,%h o$4%nik *%n4 ,e$up% 3%i$%n (sis% &%$i p$oses 2e$men0%si pem,u%0%n n%0%! &%p%0 &im%n2%%0k%n l%4i &en4%n 3%$% &i2il0$%si sehin44% mem,u0uhk%n 0%m,%k un0uk men%mpun4 lim,%h 0e$se,u0# 7%sil 2il0$%si &%p%0 &i-%&ik%n se,%4%i sum,e$ %i$ ,e$sih5 h%l ini &%p%0 men3e4%h pen3em%$%n lin4kun4%n#
Be,e$%p% 2%k0o$ *%n4 mempen4%$uhi p$oses 2e$men0%si p%&% pem,u%0%n n%0% &e 3o3o : Un0uk men&%p%0k%n h%sil n%0% &e 3o3o &en4%n h%sil *%n4 m%ksim%l5 ,e,e$%p% 2%k0o$ *%n4 h%$us &ipe$h%0ik%n *%i0u : •
Suhu p%&% $u%n4 inku,%si Suhu p%&% $u%n4%n in3u,%0o$ pe$lu &ipe$h%0ik%n k%$en% &%p%0 mempen4%$uhi pe$kem,%n4%n ,ek0e$i n%0% &e 3o3o *%i0u Acetobacter Xylinum#Suhu *%n4 sesu%i *%i0u p%&% suhu k%m%$ (' &e$%-%0! &%p%0 men4h%silk%n n%0% &e 3o3o *%n4 op0im%l#Ap%,il% suhun*% 0e$l%lu $en&%h m%upun 0e$l%lu 0in44i &%p%0 men4%ki,%0k%n 0e$4%n44un*% p$o&uksi n%0% &e 3o3o *%n4 &%p%0 men4h%m,%0 pe$0um,uh%n ,%k0e$i Actobacter Xylinum.
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>enis8-enis &%n konsen0$%si p%&% me&ium Me&ium *%n4 &i p%k%i p%&% p$oses 2e$men0%si %k%n le,ih ,%ik -ik% 0e$&%p%0 k%n&un4%n k%$,ohi&$%0 *%n4 ,%n*%k5 k%$en% ,%k0e$i %k%n le,ih ,%4us &%l%m men4h%silk%n len&i$ (n%0% &e 3o3o!# Pem,en0uk%n len&i$ (n%0% &e 3o3o! ini &ih%silk%n &%$i pen4%m,il%n 4lukos% p%&% 4ul% oleh ,%k0e$i *%n4 ,e$3%mpu$ &en4%n %s%m lem%k *%n4 &i eksk$esik%n &en4%n en6im *%n4 %k%n men4h%silk%n selulos%5 pem,en0uk%n n%0%
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&ipe$luk%n k%$,ohi&$%0 &en4%n k%&%$ op0imum "@# Konsen0$%si &%n -enis s0%0e$ S0%$0e$ i0u sen&i$i %&%l%h mik$o,% &%l%m -uml%h ,%n*%k *%n4 memiliki kon&isi 2isiolo4is 0e$0en0u *%n4 &%p%0 &i-%&ik%n se,%4%i me&i% un0uk p$oses 2e$men0%si# Ap%,il% me&i% *%n4 &i4un%k%n ,e$0um,uh &en4%n 3ep%0 m%k% p$oses 2e$men0%si &%p% -u4% &il%kuk%n &en4%n se4e$%# P%&% pem,u%0%n s0%$0e$ %k%n 0um,uh se-uml%h mik$o,% *%n4 mem,en0uk l%pis%n 0ipis ,e$=%$n% pu0ih *%n4 &ise,u0 n%0%# >enis s0%$0e$ Acetobacter Xylinum ini %&%l%h s0%$0e$ *%n4 p%lin4 p$o&uk0i2 &i,%n&in4k%n -enis8-enis s0%$0e$ l%in#
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Konsen0$%si *%n4 p%lin4 i&e%l pen44un%%nn*% %&%l%h seki0%$%n 8"@# Al%0 *%n4 hi4enis Ke,e$sih%n p%&% %l%0 -u4% s%l%h s%0u 2%k0o$ *%n4 s%n4%0 mempen4%$uhi pe$0um,uh%n &%$i ,%k0e$i# Ap%,il% ke,e$sih%n p%&% %l%0 0i&%k &i-%4%5 %k%n mempe$l%m,%0
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p$oses 2e$men0%si &%n ,%hk%n m%mpu me$us%k pe$0um,uh%n ,%k0e$i# %k0u p%&% p$oses 2e$men0%si Un0uk p$oses pem,u%0%n n%0% &e 3o3o meme$luk%n =%k0u ' 8 . min44u5 &%n p%&% min44u keemp%0 %&%l%h =%k0u p%lin4 m%ksim%l un0uk p$oses pem,u%0%n n%0% &e 3o3o k%$en% -ik% le,ih &%$i emp%0 min44u %k%n menu$unk%n ku%li0%s n%0% &e 3o3o *%n4 &i
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,u%0# Ph p%&% p$oses 2e$men0%si Un0uk p7 p%&% p$oses pem,u%0%n n%0% &e 3o3o ini sen&i$i meme$luk%n &e$%-%0 %s%m %n0%$% )8 &e$%-%0 ke%s%m%n# Penek%n%n p7 p%&% p$oses ini h%$us ,en%$8,en%$ &ipe$h%0ik%n k%$en% -ik% 0e$&%p%0 se&iki0 s%-% pe$u,%h%n p%&% p7%k%n men*e,%,k%n pe$,e&%%n $e%ksi en6im%0is p%&% o$4%nisme#
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Temp%0 p%&% p$oses 2e$men0%si P%&% p$oses pem,u%0%n n%0% &e 3o3o se,%ikn*% 0emp%0 *%n4 &i4un%k%n &%l%m p$oses 2e$men0%si 0i&%k men44un%k%n ,%h%n lo4%m k%$en% si2%0n*% *%n4 mu&%h ,e$k%$%0 sehin44% %k%n men3em%$i p$oses 2e$men0%si n%0% &e 3o3o# Temp%0 *%n4 &ip%k%i -u4% 0i&%k
,oleh 0e$ken% m%0%h%$i l%n4sun4 &%n h%$us &%l%m ke%&%%n *%n4 s0e$il se$0% 0e$hin&%$ &%$i 4on3%n4%n k%$en% %k%n men44%4%lk%n p$oses 2e$men0%si *%n4 0en4%h ,e$l%n4sun4 &%n %k%n mem,u%0 h%sil n%0% &e 3o3o memiliki ke0e,%l%n *%n4 ,e$,e&% sehin44% me$us%k ku%li0%s n%0% &e 3o3o *%n4 &ih%silk%n# M%n2%%0 pem,u%0%n N%0% &e Co3o N%0% &e 3o3o %&%l%h s%l%h s%0u p$o&uk *%n4 me$up%k%n h%sil &%$i p$oses 2e$men0%si &en4%n ,%n0u%n ,%k0e$i Acetobacter Xylinum# N%0% &e 3o3o &i 2e$men0%si &%$i %i$ kel%p% *%n4 su&%h m%0%n45 h%sil &%$i 2e$men0%si n%0% &e 3o3o %k%n ,e$,en0uk se,u%h -ell* *%n4 ken*%l &%n ,e$=%$n% pu0ih# 7%l ini &%p%0 menin4k%0k%n &%*% -u%l &%$i kel%p% &%n men%$ik pe$h%0i%n p%$% konsumen# Den4%n mun3uln*% i&e pem,u%0%n n%0% &e 3o3o %=%ln*% h%n*% mem,uk% in&us0$* $um%h 0%n44%5 n%mun kemu&i%n ,e$u,%h men-%&i se,u%h in&us0$i,es%$
*%n4 mem,u0uhk%n
0en%4% ke$-%# Sek%$%n4 ini pem,u%0%n n%0% &e 3o3o 0i&%k h%n*% men44un%k%n %i$ kel%p% s%-%5 0e0%pi su&%h ,%n*%k ino/%si ,%$u *%n4 men44un%k%n ,%h%n ,%$u un0uk mem,u%0 n%0% sepe$0i &%$i pis%n45 n%n%s5 4en-e$5 &s,# Be,e$%p% keun0un4%n &%$i n%0% &e 3o3o se,%4%i p$o&uk &%$i h%sil 2e$men0%si i%l%h : "# N%0% &e 3o3o i%l%h p$o&uk *%n4 ,%n*%k men4%n&un4 se$%05 se$%0 s%n4%0 &i,u0uhk%n un0uk mel%n3%$k%n pen3e$n%%n# Sel%in i0u5 n%0% &e 3o3o mu&%h &i0emuk%n &i 0emp%0 pe$,el%n-%%n sepe$0i supe$m%$ke05 p%s%$5 &s,5 h%$4%n*% -u4% $el%0i/e 0e$-%n4k%u oleh m%s*%$%k%0# '# N%0% &e 3o3o me$up%k%n p$o&uk %l%mi &%$i h%sil 2e$men0%si *%n4 ,e$%$0i 0i&%k men4%n&un4 6%0 kimi% &%n %m%n &i konsumsi un0uk selu$uh k%l%n4%n k%$en% k%n&un4%n *%n4 0e$&%p%0 &i &%l%mn*% sel%in k%*% %k%n se$%0 -u4% s%n4%0 ,%n*%k men4%n&un4 sepe$0i /i0%min5 p$o0ein5 4ul%5 lem%k n%,%0i5 &%n ho$mon un0uk pe$0um,uh%n # )# N%0% &e 3o3o %&%l%h p$o&uk *%n4 memiliki $%s% *%n4 umumn*% &isuk%i ,%n*%k k%l%n4%n k%$en% en%k se$0% 4%mp%n4 &iol%h &%n &i-%&ik%n ,%h%n 0%m,%h%n ,e$,%4%i -enis minum%n &%n m%k%n%n sepe$0i isi%n es 3%mpu$ se$0% pu&&in4 *%n4 le6%0# .# Un0uk ,%h%n pem,u%0%n n%0% &e 3o3o -u4% 0i&%k 0e$l%lu suli0 &i&%p%0k%n &%n ,%hk%n h%mpi$ ,is% &i0emuk%n &i selu$uh =il%*%h# # P$oses p$o&uksi un0uk mem,u%0 n%0% &e 3o3o 0i&%k meme$luk%n =%k0u *%n4 l%m% &%n 0i&%k 0e$l%lu suli0 un0uk mem,u%0n*%# Al%0 *%n4 &i4un%k%n un0uk mem,u%0 n%0% &e 3o3o -u4% simpel &%n se&e$h%n%#
# N%0% &e 3o3o me$up%k%n p$o&uk *%n4 &%l%m p$oses pem,u%0%nn*% 0i&%k men3em%$i lin4kun4%n k%$en% men44un%k%n ,%h%n %l%mi &%n 0i&%k mem,u%n4 lim,%h &%l%m pem,u%0%nn*%# 9# N%0% &e 3o3o ,%n*%k &imin%0i o$%n4 &%n p$oses p$o&uksi *%n4 0i&%k mem%k%n ,i%*% *%n4 m%h%l se$0% &%p%0 &ip$o&uksi p%&% in&us0$i $um%h%n k%$en% pem,u%0%nn*% *%n4 3ukup simpel sehin44% &%p%0 men-%&ik%n pelu%n4 us%h% *%n4 s%n4%0 ,%4us# In&onesi% se,%4%i ne4%$% *%n4 %4$%$is 0en0un*% s%n4%0 k%*% %k%n po0ensi%l %l%m *%n4 men&ukun4 ,e$kem,%n4n*% in&us0$i &i In&onesi%# Den4%n men44un%k%n kek%*%%n %l%m *%n4 men&ukun4 0en0u %k%n mem,e$ik%n pelu%n4 ,es%$ ,%4i m%s*%$%k%0 In&onesi% un0uk ,e$kip$%h &i ,i&%n4 in&us0$i# 7%l ini 0en0u %k%n sem%kin ,%n*%k men*e$%p %0%u mem,u0uhk%n 0en%4% ke$-% *%n4 %k%n men4u$%n4i -um%h pen4%n44u$%n &i In&onesi%# Pem%n2%%0%n &%n pen4em,%n4,i%k%n ,e$,%4%i mik$oo$4%nisme %&%l%h *%n4 p%lin4 &i,u0uhk%n s%%0 ini# Den4%n %&%n*% se-uml%h peneli0i%n *%n4 mem,uk0ik%n ,%h=% meli,%0k%n se-um%h mik$oo$4%nisme &%l%m ,i&%n4 in&us0$i %k%n mem,e$ik%n se-uml%h &%mp%k posi0i25 n%mun %&% -u4% ,e,e$%p% *%n4 mem,e$ik%n &%mp%k ne4%0i2# S%l%h s%0u 3on0oh &%$i mik$oo$4%nisme *%n4 men4un0un4k%n i%l%h ,%k0e$i Acetobacter Xylinum *%n4 ,e$pe$%n &%l%m pem,u%0%n p$o&uk n%0% &e 3o3o#N%0% *%n4 &im%n2%%0k%n %0%u &i%m,il &%$i s%$i ,u%h kel%p% *%n4 memilki 0in4k%0 kem%0%n4%n *%n4 sempu$n%#Pen4un%%n ,%k0e$i ini s%n4%0 mem,e$ik%n keun0un4%n *%n4 ,es%$ &i ,i&%n4 in&us0$i#Te$le,ih in&us0$i m%k%n%n5 *%i0u &%p%0 men3ip0%k%n p$o&uk ino/%si ,%$u *%n4 0en0un*% &%p%0 men%$ik pe$h%0i%n m%s*%$%k%0 &%n men%m,%h nil%i -u%l p$o&uk 0e$se,u0#
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ism%il5 Mi20%hul >%nn%h# '"# Mik$oo$4%nisme %n4 Be$pe$%n D%l%m P$oses Pem,u%0%n N%0% De Co3o#h00p:mi20%hul-%nn%hism%il#,lo4spo0#3o#i&'""mik$oo$4%nisme8*%n48 ,e$pe$%n8&%l%m)#h0ml# Di%kses p%&% 0%n44%l ' Ok0o,e$ '"# Kusum%=%$&h%ni5 A*u# '"'# A3e0o,%30e$ *linum8B%k0e$i Pem,u%0 N%0% &e Co3o# h00p:%i$kel%p%hi-%u#,lo4spo0#3o#i&'"',%k0e$i8n%0%8&e83o3o8%3e0o,%30e$8*linum#h0ml# Di%kses p%&% 0%n44%l ' Ok0o,e$ '"#
Bu&im%n5 D%&&*# '""# AP+IKASI PRODUKSI BERSI7 (C+EANER PRODUCTION! PADA INDUSTRI NATA DE COCO#h00ps:===#s3$i,om&o3''"9.>u$n%l8N%0%8&e8 Co3o8B%$u#h0ml#Di%kses p%&% 0%n44%l ' Ok0o,e$ '"# Fu%&%h5 S%$%h Ts%m$o0ul# '"# Fe$men0%si Ai$ Kel%p% men-%&i N%0% &e Co3o# h00p:s%$%h0s%2u%&%h#,lo4#upi#e&u'"""2e$men0%si8%i$8kel%p%8men-%&i8n%0%8&e83o3o#h0ml# Di%kses p%&% 0%n44%l ' Ok0o,e$ '"#
