UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA LOS ANGELES CHIMBOTE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD ESCUELA DE PSICOLOGÌA
TRASTORNO DEL APRENDIZAJE DISCALCULIA
LEARNING DISORDERS DYSCALCULIA
AUTOR. RAUL DURAND ARTEAGA ARTEAGA
ALUMNO DE LA ESCUELA DE PSICOLOGIA DE ULADECH
CORREO ELECTRONICO:
[email protected]
1
CHIMBOTE - 2016
RESUMEN Las dii!"#$ad%s d%# a&'%(di)a*%+ s% ,a( !(%'$id %( "( $%/a '%#%a($% d%($' d%# '%a &si!&%dai!a+ ,a!i%(d '%%'%(!ia a &'3#%/as %( #a ad4"isi!i( d%# #%("a*%+ #%!$"'a+ %s!'i$"'a %( %# '%a ("/5'i!a. Ls %d"!a(ds 4"% &'%s%($a( dii!"#$ad%s d% a&'%(di)a*% &s%%( !i%'$as !a'a!$%'s$i!as !/: i($%#i%(!ia ('/a# s"&%'i' 7 ( &'%s%($a( (i(( d5i!i$ s%(s'ia#. Es$a i(%s$ia!i( s% !%($'a %s&%!ia#/%($% %( #a dii!"#$ad d% dis!a#!"#ia.
E# &'%s%($% $'a3a* $i%(% !/ 3*%$i &'i(!i&a# %9&#i!a' %( 4"5 !(sis$% #a dis!a#!"#ia &a'a a&'$a' !( %# dia(s$i! d% dis!a#!"#ia %( %s$"dia($%s d% %d"!a!i( 3si!a+ $d %## a $'a5s d%# a(#isis d% i('/a!i( 3i3#i'i!a.
S% ,a!% "(a d%s!'i&!i( s3'% #as !'i$%'is 4"% d%3% $%(%' %( !"%($a &a'a s" dia(s$i!+ as !/ #as !a'a!$%'s$i!as d% %s$% $'as$'(+ 7 "( 3'%% '%s"/%( s3'% #s $i&s d% dis!a#!"#ia.
Palabras clavs : Dii!"#$ad%s d% a&'%(di)a*%+ dis!a#!"#ia+ a&'%(di)a*%.
SUMMAR L%a'(i( dii!"#$i%s + $,%7 ,a% 3%!/% a( i/&'$a($ iss"% i( $,% &s7!,#7 a'%a+ '%%''i( $ &'3#%/s i( #a("a% a!4"isi$i( + '%adi(+ ;'i$i( ' ("/%'i! a'%a . L%a'(%'s ;, ,a% #%a'(i( dii!"#$i%s ,a% !%'$ai(
2
!,a'a!$%'is$i!s as ('/a# ' s"&%'i' i($%##i%(!% a(d s,; ( s%(s'7 d%i!i$. T,is '%s%a'!, !"s%s %s&%!ia##7 ( $,% dii!"#$7 d7s!a#!"#ia.
T,is &a&%'
>%7;'ds : L%a'(i( dii!"#$i%s + d7s!a#!"#ia + #%a'(i(.
I! INTRODUCCION La !a&a!idad /a$%/$i!a '%4"i%'% d% "(a s%'i% d% d%s$'%)as ("/5'i!as 4"% %s$( &'%s%($%s %( #s (i?s i(!#"s a($%s d% i(i!ia' s" %($'%(a/i%($ %s!#a'. C($'a'i a # 4"% s% &%(s %( "( !/i%()+ #s (i?s+ /"!, a($%s d% i(i!ia' s" %s!#a'i)a!i(+ !(!%( %# !(!%&$ d% ("/%'sidad 7 &s%%( #s sis$%/as 3si!s d% si/3#i)a!i( d% #s /is/s $a#%s !/ %# &'i(!i&i d% !a'di(a#idad #a !a($idad 4"% !ada (/%' '%&'%s%($a 7 %# d% 'di(a#idad #a '%#a!i( d% 'd%( d% "( (/%' !( $'s (/%'s. La !/&%$%(!ia /a$%/$i!a+ si( %/3a'+ s% a ,a!i%(d /a7' 7 /s sis$i!ada a /%dida 4"% %# (i? s% d%s%("%#% %( %# !"''!"# %s!#a'. Si 3i%(+ #a /a7'a d% #s (i?s %( %dad %s!#a' #'a( "( a&'%(di)a*% ad%!"ad d% %s$as !/&%$%(!ias /a$%/$i!as+ "( &%4"%? '"& d% %##s &'%s%($a "( $'as$'( d% a&'%(di)a*% d% #as /a$%/$i!as 4"%+ !"a(d %s s%%'+ s% d%(/i(a dis!a#!"#ia d%# d%sa''## Badia(+ 18 B"$,%';'$,+ 200 S% $'a$a d% "( $'as$'( !a'a!$%'i)ad &' "(a a#$%'a!i( %s&%!i!a d% #a !a&a!idad d% a&'%(di)a*% d% #a a'i$/5$i!a+ ( %9&#i!a3#% &' "( '%$'as /%($a# "(a %s!#a'idad !#a'a/%($% i(ad%!"ada 4"% s% 3s%'a %($'% #s %s$"dia($%s !"7as ,a3i#idad%s /a$%/$i!as %s$( /"7 &' d%3a* d% # 4"% s%'a ('/a# &a'a s" %dad+ &%' 4"% &s%%( i($%#i%(!ia ('/a# 7 4"% !(!"''%( ('/a#/%($% a #a %s!"%#a+ &%' 4"% '%a#i)a( d%i!i%($%/%($% "(a /s &%'a!i(%s /a$%/$i!as. E# 3*%$i %(%'a# d% %s$% $'a3a* %s: D%$%'/i(a' 7 %9&#i!a' %( 4"5 !(sis$% #a dis!a#!"#ia+ /%dia($% %# a(#isis d% "%($%s 3i3#i'i!as+ &a'a !(!%'# 7 d%$%!$a'# ad%!"ada/%($% %( "( !as %s&%!i!. Pa'a #'a' %s$ d%3%/s d%:
C(!%' a $'a5s d% di%'ss a"$'%s #a d%i(i!i( d% dis!a#!"#ia.
3
D%s!'i3i' #a si($/a$#a d% #a dis!a#!"#ia.
Id%($ii!a' #as !a'a!$%'s$i!as 7 #s $i&s d% dis!a#!"#ia. Si %( #a %s!"%#a %( #a !asa+ s% da( !"%($a a $i%/& d% 4"% %# (i? $i%(% dii!"#$ad%s+ &d'( %s$"dia' %sas dii!"#$ad%s 7 &(%' %( /a'!,a #as a!!i(%s (%!%sa'ias &a'a s"&%'a'#as: "(a /a7' a$%(!i( s3'% %# (i?+ "(as !#as%s %s&%!ia#%s "(a ada&$a!i( d% #s 3*%$is %d"!a$is. Pa'a !(!%' #a (a$"'a#%)a d% #a dis!a#!"#ia ,a7 4"% sa3%' !"#%s s( #s !(!%&$s+ s" %$i#a+ si($/a$#a 7 #s di%'%($%s $i&s d% dis!a#!"#ia 4"% s% &"%d%( &'%s%($a' E( %# &'%s%($% $'a3a* d% i(%s$ia!i( (s &#a($%a/s %# si"i%($% &'3#%/a F"5 dii!"#$ad d% a&'%(di)a*% s% &'%s%($a %( %# '%a d% /a$%/$i!a E# &'%s%($% $'a3a* d% i(%s$ia!i( $i%(% '%#%a(!ia s!ia# &'4"% %( /"!,as !asi(%s+ #as dii!"#$ad%s %( %# '%a d% #as /a$%/$i!as s( i($%'&'%$adas !/ %# &'d"!$ d% "( %s"%') i(s"i!i%($%+ si/&#%/%($% !/ %# '%s"#$ad d% %('%($a's% a "(s !($%(ids di!i#%s. Ta($ #s d!%($%s !/ #s &ad'%s d%3%( $/a' %( !"%($a 4"% %s$s (i?s (%!%si$a( /s $i%/& d% a$%(!i( 7 "( 'i$/ di%'%($% %( %# a&'%(di)a*% &a'a sa#i' ad%#a($%+ %s$ %s "(da/%($a#.
II! LA DISCALCULIA La dis!a#!"#ia %s "( $'as$'( d% a&'%(di)a*% 3s%'ad !( #a /is/a '%!"%(!ia %( (i?s 4"% %( (i?as G'ss-Ts"'+ Ma('+ 7 S,a#%+ 16+ 7 s% !a'a!$%'i)a &' "(a dii!"#$ad &a'a asi/i#a' 7 '%!'da' da$s ("/5'i!s 7 a'i$/5$i!s G%a'7 7 Ha'd+ 2001+ &a'a '%a#i)a' &'!%di/i%($s d% !#!"# 7 !'%a' %s$'a$%ias &a'a #a s#"!i( d% &'3#%/as La(d%'#+ 200. Ls (i?s !( %s$% $'as$'( &"%d%( &'%s%($a' dii!"#$ad%s %( %# %($%(di/i%($ d% !(!%&$s ("/5'i!s si/&#%s+ a#$a d% "(a !/&'%(si( i($"i$ia d% #s (/%'s+ 7 $i%(%( &'3#%/as %( %# a&'%(di)a*% d% (/%'s 7 &'!%di/i%($s ("/5'i!s U(i$%d >i(d/ D%&a'$/%($ ' Ed"!a$i( a(d S=i##s+ 2001.
Or"#$ % la %"scalc&l"a S% ,a( &'&"%s$ ds %9&#i!a!i(%s (%"'&si!#i!as &a'a #a dis!a#!"#ia. La &'i/%'a+ #a /s a($i"a+ &'&(% 4"% %s$% $'as$'( %s s%!"(da'i a $'s d%%!$s !(i$is /s a/&#is. Es d%!i' 4"% #s &'3#%/as /a$%/$i!s 3s%'ads %( %s$% $'as$'( d% a&'%(di)a*% s( '%s"#$ad d% d%%!$s %( #a /%/'ia+ %( %# /a(%* %s&a!ia# 7 %( #as ,a3i#idad%s #i(Js$i!as. La s%"(da &si!i( a'"7% 4"% #a dis!a#!"#ia d%# d%sa''## s% 'ii(a &' #a !a'%(!ia %( %# !(!%&$ 3si! d% /a(i$"d 4"% i/&id% #a ad4"isi!i( d% #as ,a3i#idad%s /a$%/$i!as B"$$%';'$,+ 200.
4
E9is$%( &' # /%(s ds s"3$i&s d% (i?s !( dii!"#$ad%s %( #as /a$%/$i!as. E# /s '%!"%($% d% %s$s s"3$i&s !''%s&(d%'a a #a d%i!i%(!ia %( /a$%/$i!as !/3i(ada !( &'3#%/as %( %# a&'%(di)a*% d% #a #%!$"'a 7 %( !asi(%s !( dii!"#$ad%s d% '$'aa. Ls (i?s i(!#"ids %( %s$% s"3$i& d%/"%s$'a( !( '%!"%(!ia "( d%%!$ &'i/a'i %( &'!%ss (#i!s 7 &'%d/i(a'a( #as dii!"#$ad%s %'3a#%s s3'% #as ( %'3a#%s. E# s%"(d s"3$i& # i($%'a'a( (i?s !( dii!"#$ad%s /a$%/$i!as si( &'3#%/as %( $'as '%as d% a&'%(di)a*% 7 !"7 &%'i# (%"'&si!#i! &'$$i& i(!#"i'a dii!"#$ad%s ( %'3a#%s C##i(s 7 R"'=%+ 200 %( %s$% s%"(d '"& !($'as$a "( '%(di/i%($ ('/a# % i(!#"s s"&%'i' %( #%!$"'a 7 '$'aa !( "( d%s%/&%? d%i!i%($% %( a'i$/5$i!a. S% ,a %(!($'ad 4"% %s$s ds s"3$i&s dii%'%( %( $5'/i(s d% d%s%/&%? /a$%/$i! 7 %( #as %s$'a$%ias 4"% "$i#i)a( &a'a %(!($'a' s#"!i(%s Ha(i!,+ 2001.
D'"c"$c"as (a)(*)"cas $ la %"scalc&l"a La dis!a#!"#ia ( %s "( $'as$'( "(i'/% %# $i& d% &'3#%/a ("/5'i! 7 s" 'a%dad &'%s%($a( a'ia!i(%s. S% ,a d%s!'i$+ &' %*%/&#+ 4"% a a#"(s (i?s #%s a 3i%( %( $a'%as si/&#%s d% s"/a adi!i( &%' s% d%s%/&%?a( si(ii!a$ia/%($% /s 3a* 4"% (i?s si( dis!a#!"#ia d% s" /is/a %dad %( &'3#%/as a'i$/5$i!s /s !/&#%*s. O$'s ( &"%d%( d/i(a' !(!%&$s 3si!s a'i$/5$i!s a &%sa' d% &s%%' #as d%s$'%)as &a'a %(!($'a' s#"!i(%s a &'3#%/as ("/5'i!s Ha(i!, %$ a#.+ 2001 /i%($'as 4"% $'s &'%s%($a( &'3#%/as $a($ &a'a s#"!i(a' &'3#%/as a'i$/5$i!s 3si!s !/ &a'a %($%(d%' &'3#%/as /s !/&#%*s. S% ,a( 3s%'ad $a/3i5( di%'%(!ias %( #a %#!idad d% &'!%sa/i%($ 7 d% !($% %( a'is d% %s$s (i?s+ !/&a'ads !( s"s !($'#%s ('/a#%s La(d%'# %$ a#.+ 200. S$'a( 7 R"'=% 18 d%s!'i3%( #s %'''%s 4"% s% 3s%'a( !( /s '%!"%(!ia %( (i?s !( dis!a#!"#ia a# s#"!i(a' &%'a!i(%s a'i$/5$i!as 7 &'3#%/as ("/5'i!s 5s$s i(!#"7%( #a 'a(i)a!i( %s&a!ia# d% !a($idad%s 7 %'''%s &a'a s%"i' ad%!"ada/%($% #s &'!%di/i%($s a'i$/5$i!s. E9is$%( ad%/s %'''%s d% $i& a$%(!i(a# 'i!-/$'%s 7 d% /%/'i)a!i( d% !a($idad%s A'di#a+ 7 Ma$"$%+ 2010. Ls %'''%s d% /%/'ia %( #a %!a!i( d% ,%!,s a'i$/5$i!s !(s$i$"7%( a#$as '%!"%($%s. Es "s"a# 4"% %# i(diid" !( dis!a#!"#ia a# s"/a' /"#$i&#i!a'+ &'d")!a "(a '%s&"%s$a a&'9i/ada a #a '%s&"%s$a !''%!$a. C"a(d %s$s (i?s 3"s!a( #a '%s&"%s$a a &%'a!i(%s a'i$/5$i!as 3si!as $i%(%( dii!"#$ad%s %( %# '%!3' d% #a i('/a!i( G%a'7 7 Ha'd+ 200 7 &a'a #'a' a&'%(di)a*%s a"$/a$i)ads a( d% s"/as 7 /"#$i&#i!a!i(%s s%(!i##as. A di%'%(!ia d% #s (i?s si( %s$% $i& d% &'3#%/as+ %s$s (i?s ( &asa( d%# "s d% #s &'i(!i&is d% !($% a #s d% /%/'ia 7 si"%(+ !/ #s (i?s /s &%4"%?s+ "$i#i)a(d %s$'a$%ias i(a($i#%s $a#%s !/ &' %*%/&# !($a' !( #s d%ds. Es$"dis &'%is ,a( %(!($'ad 4"% (i?s !( i(!a&a!idad /a$%/$i!a "sa( %# /is/ $i& d% %s$'a$%ias 4"% "sa( #s (i?s !( d%sa''## $&i!+ &%' "$i#i)a( !( /a7' '%!"%(!ia %s$'a$%ias i(/ad"'as !/ !($a' !( #s d%ds 7 &'%s%($a( /s %'''%s %( %# !($% 7 %( %# '%!3' d% ,%!,s a'i$/5$i!s K'da(+ Ha(i!,+ 7 >a&#a(+ 200a+ K'da( %$ a#.+ 2003.
5
La /a7' &a'$% d% #s (i?s 4"% %( %dad %s!#a' &'%s%($a( &'3#%/as %( %# a&'%(di)a*% d% #as /a$%/$i!as &%' id%($ii!a( 7 %(%'a( ad%!"ada/%($% #s (/%'s &"%d%(+ si( %/3a'+ %( %dad &'%-%s!#a' %s$s (i?s &'%s%($a' &'3#%/as &a'a id%($ii!a' 7 &'d"!i' (/%'s+ %s&%!ia#/%($% a4"%##s /a7'%s a# (/%' 10 G%a'7+ Ha'd+ %$ a#.+ 2000.
La "$)rv$c"+$ ,s"c-,%a#+#"ca D%3% %%!$"a's% '%s&%$a(d #as !a'a!$%'s$i!as &'&ias d% !ada !as 7 &(i%(d /s 5(asis %( a4"%##as dii!"#$ad%s 4"% s% /a(ii%s$a( d% '/a /s s%%'a. E# $'a$a/i%($ d%3% %%!$"a's% %( #as si"i%($%s '%as: a. Psi!/$'i): Ha7 4"% "$i#i)a' %*%'!i!is &%'!%&$i-/$'%s 4"% !/&'%(da(: -A!$iidad%s &a'a %# !(!i/i%($ d%# %s4"%/a !'&'a#+ &'%s%($a(d %s&%!ia# a$%(!i( a #a si/%$'a+ #as !'d%(adas %s&a!ia#%s a''i3a-a3a*+ d%#a($%-d%$'s+ %$!.. -E*%'!i!is d% 'i%($a!i( %s&a!ia#. 3. C(i$ia: E*%'!i!is d% si/3#i)a!i(+ 4"% s"&(%( i' $'as#ada(d #s a&'%(di)a*%s d%sd% "( &#a( !(!'%$ ,as$a "( a3s$'a!$+ d(d% s% /"%% %# !#!"#: -S"s$i$"!i( &a"#a$i(a d% #a /a(i&"#a!i( di'%!$a &' '%&'%s%($a!i(%s 'i!as+ 7 5s$as &' s/3#s d%$%'/i(ads (/%'s+ si(s+ %$!.. -A"/%($ d%# !a3"#a'i+ s3'%$d d%# '%#a!i(ad !( #a /a$%/$i!a ,a7 4"% ,a!%' ,i(!a&i5 %( #as /a(i%s$a!i(%s %s!'i$as+ %( %# a&'%(di)a*% 7 "$i#i)a!i( d% si(s /a$%/$i!s+ %( #a dis&si!i( %s!'i$a d% #as &%'a!i(%s+ %$!. !. P%dai!a: S% %%!$"a'( %*%'!i!is %s&%!i!s d% !#!"#+ !%($'(d(s %( #as si"i%($%s ad4"isi!i(%s: N!i( d% Ca($idad+ !#!"# !(!'%$+ %s!'i$+ /%($a#.
CONCLUSIONES E# $'as$'( d%# !#!"#+ !/(/%($% ##a/ad dis!a#!"#ia %s "( &'3#%/a 4"% #i/i$a %# $'(si$ %s!#a' d% #s (i?s 4"% # &'%s%($a(. S% $'a$a d% "( &'3#%/a !/&#%* 4"% i(!#"7% "( (/%' !(sid%'a3#% d% %#%/%($s a a$%(d%'. S"s !a'a!$%'s$i!as %(#3a( "( !(*"($ d% 'ass %( %# d%s%/&%? %( #as $a'%as /a$%/$i!as 4"% i(!#"7%( dii!"#$ad%s %( $a'%as 3si!as !/ %s %# !($% d% %#%/%($s d%($' d% "( !(*"($ 3i%( %s$a3#%!%' %# &'i(!i&i d% !a'di(a#idad 7 %# d% 'di(a#idad. E# /a(%* d% (/%'s+ &' %*%/&#+ #%%'#s+ %s!'i3i'#s 3i%( !/&a'a'#s $a/3i5( s% % a%!$ad. Pa'a ai#i)a' %# !#!"# /%($a# %s!'i$ %s$s (i?s '%!"''%( a %s$'a$%ias i(/ad"'as !/ %s %# "s d% #s d%ds. i(a#/%($% %# 'a)(a/i%($ #i! /a$%/$i! $a/3i5( #%s '%s"#$a &'3#%/$i!. Ad%/s+ %9is$% "( 3"%( (/%' d% i(%s$ia!i(%s 4"% %(!"%($'a( 4"% %s$s (i?s &'%s%($a( "( d5i!i$ %( di%'ss d/i(is !(i$s. D% ,%!, s% &s$"#a 4"% %9is$% ds s"3$i&s "( d% %##s &'%s%($a ad%/s d%# &'3#%/a /a$%/$i! &'%s%($a &'3#%/as d% #%!$"'a 7 dii!"#$ad%s %( #a '$'aa /i%($'as 4"% %( %# $' %# $'as$'( /a$%/$i! s% &'%s%($a ais#ad E# &'i/%' s"3$i& &'%s%($a as!iadas dii!"#$ad%s d% $i& %'3a# a #a %) 4"% %# s%"(d s"s dii!"#$ad%s /a7'%s 6
s( d% $i& ( %'3a#. U( 3"%( (/%' d% %s$s !,i!s &'%s%($a( dii!"#$ad%s %( #as "(!i(%s %*%!"$ias d(d% %# d5i!i$ %( #a /%/'ia &%'a$ia ,a sid %# /s i(daad. Es i/&'$a($% d%s$a!a' 4"% #a dis!a#!"#ia d%# d%sa''## !"'sa !( "(a !/'3i#idad !( $'s $'as$'(s %s d%!i' 4"% !( '%!"%(!ia s% 3s%'a %( !/3i(a!i( !( $'s $'as$'(s #iads a# (%"'d%sa''## !/ #a dis#%9ia. S% !(sid%'a 4"% #a dis!a#!"#ia $i%(% "( 'i%( (%"'3i#i! si( %/3a' $daa %s$ %( d%3a$% si %# 'i%( d% %s$% $'as$'( s% "3i!a %( "(a !a'%(!ia %( %# !(!%&$ 3si! d% /a(i$"d 3i%( %s %# '%s"#$ad d% "( &'3#%/a 4"% a%!$a di%'ss d/i(is !(i$is %($'% #s 4"% s% i(!#"7% #a /%/'ia+ %# #%("a*% 7 #as ,a3i#idad%s %s&a!ia#%s. E( #a a!$"a#idad+ 'a!ias a %s$"dis d% (%"'i/%( $a($ /'/5$'i!s !/ "(!i(a#%s s% ,a &did i(daa' #as '%as !%'%3'a#%s 4"% &a'$i!i&a( %( #s &'!%ss /a$%/$i!s 7 4"% s% %( a%!$adas %( #a dis!a#!"#ia. Ls %s$"dis d%# d%sa''## d% #as ,a3i#idad%s d% !#!"# ,a a!i#i$ad #a !/&'%(si( d% %s$% $'as$'(. U( /a7' !(!i/i%($ d%# &%'i# !(i$i d% #s (i?s 4"% &'%s%($a( dis!a#!"#ia a!i#i$a' %# dis%? d% %s$'a$%ias d% i($%'%(!i(.
BIBLIOGRAF.A A'di#a+ A.+ 7 Rss%##i+ M. 200. N%"'&si!#a C#(i!a. M59i! : Ma("a# Md%'( Ba'*a+ . 2012. DISCALCULIA. Mad'id: Cas. K'da(+ C. N.+ Ha(i!, B.+ >a&#a(+ D. 200a. A'i$,/%$i!a# a!$ /as$%'7 i( 7"( !,i#d'%(: A #(i$"di(a# i(%s$ia$i(. E9&%'i/%($a# C,i#d Ps7!,#7+ 8+ 10- 11 Rss%##i+ M.+ A'di#a+ A.+ Ma$"$%+ E. 2010. T'as$'(s d%# !#!"# 7 $'s a&'%(di)a*%s. E( M. Rss%##i+ E. Ma$"$%+ A. A'di#a (Eds.), N%"'&si!#a d%# d%sa''## i(a($i#. M59i!: Ma("a# Md%'(.
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