makalah fenol fitokimia

FITOKIMIA 2

UNIVERSITAS 17  AGUSTUS 1945 1945 FAKULTAS FARMASI

FEN DAMERIA SIAHAAN 1343050006 ASTI EKA SAFITRI 1443050050 ACHMAD RIDHO 1443050054 1443050054 SHINTA SHINTA FEBRIY FE BRIYANTI ANTI 1443057055 TRI MULYANINGSIH 1443057056 SENDY PERMANA 1443057052 FEBRY DIAN DIAN LESTARY LESTARYANA 1443057060

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

JUDUL ......... .............. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......

i

DAFTAR DAFTAR PUSTAK PUSTAKA A .......... ............... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... ....... ..

1

BAB I 1.1 DEFINI DEFINISI SI DAN DAN STRU STRUKTU KTUR R FENOL FENOL ...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... 1.2 TATA NAMA NAMA FENOL FENOL ........ ........... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... .. 1.3 KARAKT KARAKTERI ERISTI STIK K FENOL FENOL ...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... .. 1.4 1.4 KLAS KLASIF IFIK IKAS ASII FENOL FENOLIK IK DAN TUR TURUN UNAN AN SENY SENYAWA .... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 1.5 DETEKS DETEKSII REAK REAKSI SI WARNA SENY SENYAWA FENOL FENOL ...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

2 3 4 5 10

1.5.1 1.5.1 CONTO CONTOH H SENYA SENYAWA FENOL FENOL ..... ........ ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

15

1.6 BIOSIN BIOSINTES TESIS IS SENYA SENYAWA FENOL FENOL ....... .......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... 1. DAFTAR DAFTAR PUSTAK PUSTAKA A ......... .............. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ....... ..

24 34

BAB I

I.

DEFINISI DAN STRUKTUR FENOL FENOL 2016

1

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

JUDUL ......... .............. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......

i

DAFTAR DAFTAR PUSTAK PUSTAKA A .......... ............... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... ....... ..

1

BAB I 1.1 DEFINI DEFINISI SI DAN DAN STRU STRUKTU KTUR R FENOL FENOL ...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... 1.2 TATA NAMA NAMA FENOL FENOL ........ ........... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... .. 1.3 KARAKT KARAKTERI ERISTI STIK K FENOL FENOL ...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... .. 1.4 1.4 KLAS KLASIF IFIK IKAS ASII FENOL FENOLIK IK DAN TUR TURUN UNAN AN SENY SENYAWA .... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 1.5 DETEKS DETEKSII REAK REAKSI SI WARNA SENY SENYAWA FENOL FENOL ...... ......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

2 3 4 5 10

1.5.1 1.5.1 CONTO CONTOH H SENYA SENYAWA FENOL FENOL ..... ........ ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....

15

1.6 BIOSIN BIOSINTES TESIS IS SENYA SENYAWA FENOL FENOL ....... .......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... 1. DAFTAR DAFTAR PUSTAK PUSTAKA A ......... .............. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ....... ..

24 34

BAB I

I.

DEFINISI DAN STRUKTUR FENOL FENOL 2016

1

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TATA NA!A FENOL M!",+, !&i"ii8 &!"'( $$($ i+')i!";!"$. F!"'( $$($ "$*$ ,*,* ,",) !"#$%$. N$*$ IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied  Chemistry) $$($ !";!"'(8 i,+,")$" $($* $+$ #$"/ $*$ !-!+i "$*$9"$*$ IUPAC ,",) $(''( $(i&$i). K!i)$ *'(!),( &!"'( i/$"i)$" !"/$" )!('*-')9 )!('*-') $*$$"8 $i) orto, meta, para #!* $$, i!* -!"'*'+$" $-$ i/,"$)$".

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KARAKTERISTIK SEN"A#A FENOL Si&$ 9i&$ $+i &!"'(8 $$($ > $. M!*-,"#$i /,/, i+')i !$-i ,)$" !+*$,) /'('"/$" $()''( $"  ,)$" -,($ !+*$,) $$ .  . T!+*$,) $$* )$+'($ #$"/ !+i&$ $$* (!*$. . Ti$) !+%$+"$ !"/$" %,<, -$$ !$-i *,$ *!"$i+ !"/$" ii) (!,+  42 O C!(i,. . Ji)$ !+)!"$ &!"'(8 ),(i $)$" *!(!-, $" +,$). !. D$($* )!i,-$" !$+i9$+i &!"'( i)!"$( !"/$" )$+'( (i'( #$"/ i/,"$)$" !$/$i ii"&!)$" !"/$" -!"/$%! )$#, )$+!"$ $)!+i $)$" *$i i!$)$" *!"/$($*i )!+,$)$" -$$ -+'!i". &. F!"'( i/,"$)$" !$/$i $$" $), $($* i"!i ;$ %$+"$8 '$9'$$"8  -!*,$$" -($i).

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KLASIFIKASI FENOLIK DAN TURUNAN SEN"A#A K($i&i)$i F!"'(i) !+$/i $$ 4 *$$*8 #$i,> %.  Fenol &e'er(n S!$+$ ,*,* !"#$%$ &!"'(i) !!+$"$ *!*i(i)i i&$ $)!+ii$(8 $"i!-i) $" $"i!(*i"i). S!"#$%$ $+i )!('*-') i"i $i( ,i,i /,/, &!"'( $($* -'ii orto, meta dan  -$+$. C'"' !"#$%$ &!"'(i) !!+$"$ #$"/ !+,i,i '(! ,$ $" $, /,/, 7OH !+,+, 7 ,+, $$($  floroglukinol

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 -$#,$+$ $" )$")!+ $i. A$* &!+,($ *!*i(i)i )!*,"/)i"$" !$/$i  -!"!/$ )$")!+ #$"/ !&!)i&8 #$"/ i!$)$" '(! -$-$+$" !"#$%$ )$+i"'/!"i)8 !-!+i !";'-i+!"! $" 49"i+'G,i"'(i"! 19')i$. N$*," -!+(, *!"<$i $$$"8 $%$ $( i, i$) i,

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$$+ )$+'" #$"/ !+i+i $+i i"i" !";!"$ C6 #$"/ !+i)$ -$$ ,<,"/ +$"$i )$+'" -+'-$"$ C3.

C'"' -!"$*$$" -$$ !"#$%$ &!"i( -+'-$"'i8 #$i,

F!"i( -+'-$"'i *!%$)i(i )!('*-') !$+ -+',) $($*i$ #$"/ i,+,")$" $+i $$* $*i"' &!"i($($"i" $" i+'i" $$, $($* !!+$-$ )$,8 i !"/$ <$(,+   i'i"!i"#$ *!($(,i i'i"!i $$* i)i*$. S!-!+i #$"/ !+(i$ $+i "$*$"#$8 3 )!$"#$)$" !"#$%$ #$"/ !+)$","/ $($* +,),+"#$ $$($ i"i" &!"i( #$"/ !+(!$) $($* i/$ ii +$"$i )$+'" -+'-$"$. K$+!"$ )!$"#$)$" &!"(i -+'-$"'i i$($* *!+,-$)$" &!"'(i) !"/$" $, $$, (!i )!('*-') i+')i( $($* i"i" $+'*$i8 *$)$ !+i"/ i!, !$/$i ,*,$" &!"'(i). K!('*-') !"#$%$ &!"'( #$i, &!"i( -+'-$"'i *!*-,"#$i ,+,"$" !"#$%$8 #$i, > $$* i"$*$8 $"'i$"i"8 $"'"i"8 ),*$+i"8 (i/$".

a. Sinamat 

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FENOL 2016

7

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$" +!$)i !+i),"#$.

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 !!+$-$ ,+,"$" i $*-i"/ -+'!i". T,+,"$""#$ !+*$,) &i'$(!)i"8 ),*$+i"8 (i/"i"8 $" !+$/$i

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)$+')i($ $)
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i'*!+ i *$,-," +$"8 *!)i-," )!*,i$" (!i ,*,*. A$* i"$*$ <,/$ *!+,-$)$" !
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18245 /+*3. A$* i"$*$ *!"ii -$$ ,, 300 C8 52 F8 !"/$" ii)  (!(! 133 C8 21 F. D$-$ ($+, $($* $*-$i 500 */(i!+8 !"/$" )!$$*$" -K$ 4844. A$* i"$*$ *!*-,"#$i ii) "#$($ -$$ ,,  100 C 212 F. A$* i"$*$ i/,"$)$" !$/$i -!"#!$-8 i"i/' i"!i)8 $" -+',) &$+*$i !+!",. K!/,"$$" ,$*$ i$($ $($* -!*,$$"*!i(8 !i( $" !";i( !!+ ,",)i i",+#

FENOL 2016

8

*i"#$) %$"/i. A$* i"$*$ *!+,-$)$" -+!),+'+8

;$ -!"$,(, ,",) -!*$"i

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b. Kumarin

 N$*$ ),*$+i" !+$$( $+i $$$ K$+ii$ C',*$+', #$"/ !+$+i -''" '")$ C',*$+',"$ $'+$$ A(8 #$i, ,*,$" -!+$*$ #$"/ i)!$,i *!"/$","/ ),*$+i". B$+,($ -$$ $," 168 ),*$+i" i)!"$( !"/$" +,*, C@H6O2. S!"#$%$ #$"/ *!"/$","/ ),*$+i" 2H919!";'-#+$"929'"! *!+,-$)$" !,$ )!('*-') #$"/ -!"i"/ $+i !!+'i)(i $" $"#$) '"' #$"/ i!*,)$" i

$($*. K,*$+i"

!"i+i

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'")$. K,*$+i" $" ,+,"$""#$ <,/$ !($ ii'($i $+i !*$"//i8 +,*-, $"!"/ $" %''+,&&. K,*$+i" #$"/ !+)$","/ $($* ,$, ,*,$" $-$ i)!"$( $+i  $,"#$. Bi($ ,*,$" !+!, i)!+i"/)$"8 *$)$ $)$" *!*!+i)$" $, #$"/ )$. U",) -!*,)i$" !$+$ ),$(i$i& i($),)$" ,
$$

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!+,$*$

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),*$+i" !+$," #$"/ !+!$+ (,$ -$$ ,*,$" $" !+i"/ i<,*-$i $($* ),(i  i
'+*$"i

$*-$i !"#$%$ !+!,

!+,i *i$("#$8 '(! ,<$" #$"/ ,),- (!$ !i"//$ )!(!*$-$""#$ ,),- $/i  -!+,*,$" )!$*$. J$i -!+$"$""#$ $$($ !$/$i -!"/$*$ $($*i  -!+)!$*$$" i
FENOL 2016

9

K,*$+i" $$($ ($)'" $$* '9i+')ii"$*$.

K,*$+i" i$) !+%$+"$8

)+i$( -+i*$i)8 $" *!*-,"#$i )$+$)!+ii) $, #$"/ %$"/i $" +$$  -$i8 $+'*$i8 +$$ #$"/ -$"$8 ($+, $($* $()''(. K,*$+i" <,/$ $-$ ii"!i !"/$" !-$.

B!!+$-$

,+,"$"

),*$+i"

*!*i(i)i

i&$

$"i)'$/,($".

K,*$+i" <,/$ *!*-,"#$i $)i:i$ !$/$i $"i-$*'i). B!+i), $$($ !!+$-$ +,),+ !"#$%$ ,+,"$" ),*$+i".

K,*$+i" $" ,+,"$""#$ $$($ !"#$%$ #$"/ $"/$ +!$)i&. K!!+$$$" /,/, *!i( i -'ii C4 $$, C6 *!*,$ i"i ),*$+i" (!i +!$)i&8 $" $-$ *!"/$)i$)$" i"i ),*$+$ *!"<$($"i +!$)i $('/!"$i !+$ )'"!"$i !"/$" $(!i$. C6 -$$ i"i" $+'*$i) $-$ *!"/$($*i !+$"/$" !(!)+'&i(i)8 *i$("#$ ,(&'"$i $$, +!$)i $i($i F+i!!(9C+$&. S!,$ ,i,!" *!i( -$$ i"i ),*$+i"  !+!$)i !$+$ !+!$8 !+/$","/ -$$ -'ii !+$"/$". S!$/$i '"'8 !,$ /,/, *!i( #$"/ !+i)$ -$$ C6 $$, C4 (!i +!$)i& $+i /,/, *!i( i -'ii C3$$, C5.

c.

Lignan S!"#$%$ (i/"$" *!*i(i)i $"#$) *'i&i)$i -$$ +,),+ i",)"#$8 #$"/

$"$+$ ($i" $-$ *!"/$i()$" -!"$*$$" i"i"8 -!"$*$$" $$, -!"/i($"/$" $'* C8 $" !$/$i"#$. S!"#$%$$" i"i !+!$+ (,$ i ,"i$ ,*,$"8 $" $"#$)  i/,"$)$" !$+$ "i$/$ !$/$i $"i')i$" $" !$/$i )'*-'"!" i"!+/ii) $($*

FENOL 2016

10

i"!)ii$. S!($i" i,8 (i/"$" *!+,-$)$" )'*-'"!" )i*i$ #$"/ $)i& $($* ,*,$" '$ !+!",. S$($ $, !"#$%$ /'('"/$" (i/"$"8 #$i, -''-#((''i"8 i)!$,i $-$ *!"/$*$ ,*'+. D$($* -!"/'$$" Ci"$8 (i/"$" $"#$) i-$)$i ,",) *!"/'$i -!"#$)i !-$ii $" *!(i","/i '+/$" $i. d. Antosianin A"'i$"i" *!+,-$)$" !"#$%$ !+%$+"$ )!$"#$)$" *!+$8 i+, $" ,"/, -$$

 ,$8 $#,+ $" $"$*$" i$. S+,),+ ,$*$"#$ i$"$i !"/$" $$"#$ 2 i"i"  !";!"$ C6H6 #$"/ i,,"/)$" !"/$" 3 $'* )$+'" #$"/ *!*!",) i"i".

S,i,i !+$-$ /,/, )i*i$ -$$ +$"/)$ $"'i$"i" $-$ *!*-!"/$+,i %$+"$ $" )!$i($" $"'i"i". P!"$*$$" /,/, /(i)'i$ $$, /,/, i+')i !$ -$$ i"i" A *!"#!$)$" %$+"$ !"!+,"/ i+, $" +!($i& i$) $i(. S!$(i)"#$8 -!"$*$$"  <,*($ /,/, *!')i $$, *!i($i $)$" *!"#!$)$" %$+"$ !"!+,"/ *!+$ $" $i(.

$.

DETEKSI REAKSI #ARNA SEN"A#A FENOL S!"#$%$ F!"'( *!+,-$)$" !"#$%$ i"i" )$+'$+'*$i) #$"/ !+,i,i !"/$"

$, /,/, i+')i( $$, (!i. S!$+$ K,$(i$i& !"#$%$ i"i $-$ i(i$ !"/$" U  1. U/i Fe0l+

FENOL 2016

11

U
Folin-0io1lte2 Re3ent (FCR)

F'(i"9Ci'$(!, R!$/!" FCR *!+,-$)$" +!$/!" #$"/ i/,"$)$" ,",) *!"!!)i &!"'(8 !$-i i $($* FCR i$) !+ii)$" &!"'(. R!$/!" i"i !+!$)i !"/$" &!"'( *!*!",) )+'*'/!" #$"/ $-$ i !!)i !$+$ -!)+'&''*!+i. FCR <,/$ $-$ i/,"$)$" !$/$i -!"$*-$) "'$ $($* *!'! )+'*$'/+$&i ($-i i-i

!eto'e F0R ,' &i,li&i &rn3 &e2t

FENOL 2016

12

+. Rek&i 'i4o D!"/$" +!$)i Di$;'8 F!"'( <,/$ $-$ *!*!+i)$" %$+"$ *!+$8 !$-i !!($ i!+i

A*i( A()''( *$)$ $)$" *!"<$i
.

Rek&i r52i&

D!"/$" +!$)i M$+G,i #$"/ i($),)$" $($* -($ !! *$)$ $)$" !+!",) i"i" !"/$" %$+"$ !+!",8

FENOL 2016

13

 i$ %$+"$ *!+$8 ')($8
Rek&i Lo1o illon P!+!$)i *i((i'" $$($ ($+,$" *!+),+' $" *!+),+i "i+$ $($* $$* "i+$.

A-$i($ -!+!$)i i"i i$*$)$" -$$ ($+,$" -+'!i" $)$" *!"/$i()$" !"$-$"  -,i #$"/ $-$ !+,$ *!"<$i %$+"$ *!+$ '(! -!*$"$$". P!+!$)i #$"/ i/,"$)$" $"$+$ ($i" HNO 3  $" H/NO 3. P$$ $$+"#$ +!$)i i"i -'ii& ,",)  &!"'( 7 &!"'( )$+!"$ !+!",)"#$ !"#$%$ *!+),+i !"/$"  gugus hidroksifenil  #$"/  !+%$+"$. M!)$"i*! +!$)i #$"/ !+<$i $$($ !$/$i !+i),>

6. REAKSI KOREK API B$$"/ )'+!) $-i !!($ i!(,-)$" $($* HC( -!)$8 ii$+)$" )!+i"/. C$+$> $$"/ )'+!) $-i i, i!(,-)$" -$$ ($+. $ $($* HC( !"!+. PAS9N$ > ),"i"/ *!+$ -!i&i)  O+'&'+* "!,>  *!+$ $+$

0ONTO7 8OLON8AN FENOL

1. ALFA NA!"#L

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

 F!C(3 > i<$,8 ($(, !"$-$" :i'(! . F(,'+!!"i > i+, *,$8 $($* N$OH 9 M$+G,i > ')!($ L'' Mi(('" > *!+$ !+$"/ D$($* N$OH $G. I' > K!+, i'(! L$+,$" ;$  N$HCO3 i'(! FENOL 2016

14

. AG. B+'* !+(!i > E"$-$" -,i . R!$)i M'(i > $  !i)i $(''(  1  ($+,$" !"!+ /,($ !,8 ($(,  H2SO4 - 8 Di(i$ ($-i$" $%$"#$ > i"i" ,"/, . @.  KOH 50  !+(!i8 ($(,  )('+'&'+* !+(!i > i+, .

$. %&!A NA!"#L 1.

1.  F!C(3 >

($+,$"

-$"$8

i<$,

/,*-$($" -,i . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

F(,'+!!"i > ,"/,8 $($* N$OH ,"/, ),$ M$+G,i > i<$, L'' Mi(('" > ),"i"/ $) !+%$+"$ L$+,$" ;$  N$HCO3

),"i"/

(!*$ . AG. B+'* !+(!i > E"$-$" -,i ($+,$" ii<$, ),"i"/ . R!$)i M'(i > $  !i)i $(''(  1  ($+,$" !"!+ /,($ !,8 ($(,  H2SO4 - 8 Di(i$ ($-i$" $%$"#$ > N!/$i&  @.  KOH 50  !+(!i8 ($(,  )('+'&'+* !+(!i > i+, .

'. R&S#RCN 

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. .

K+i$( -,i $) !+%$+"$8 !",) <$+,*8 +$$ *$"i Di ,$+$ )!"$ i"$+ *$$$+i *!"<$i $/$) +'!. T.L  110 !+$<$ !(i, 7 113 !+$<$ !(i, L$+, $($* -i+i,8 $i+8 !!+8 $" /(i!+i". $  F!C(3 9999 ,"/,  A/ A*'"i$)$( > i<$, ),"i"/8 ')!($ $ H2SO4 -)  ($+ $. T$++$ 8i-$"$)$"9999 *!+$ ,$ .

. R&AKS CARL&!! FENOL 2016

15

$ R!'+i"  =(#!+i"  $$* ')$($  H2SO4 - 9999 :i'(! F(,+'!"i > i<$, ),$

*. R&AKS +AR,-S 

$ R!'+i"  &'+*$(i" 082   H 2SO4 - *!($(,i i"i"/ $,"/ 9999*!+$ :i'(!8$$ !-!+i ,, .

.  R/AN#L

   

       

K+i$( ),"i"/ !-!+i <$+,* L$+,$" $($* $i+ > ),"i"/8 -!"/!"!+$" ),$> &(. i<$, T.L  220Q C 7 240 Q C L$+,$" ;$ $($* $i+  H2SO4 !"!+ 9999 K+i$( ),"i"/ <$+,* !-!+i  i"$"/. $  N$OH 9999 *!+$ $  DAB 7 HC( 9999 *!+$ Ji"//$ *!+$ MARUIS  MAYER  BOUCHARDAD  L$+,$" $($* $i+ /$+$* H( "#$ !+!$)i $$* ),$  i)+'*$ )!(,$+  /$ CO2 .

0.  R#2ALL#L

FENOL 2016

16

OH HO

HO

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. . .

K+i$(8 $) !+%$+"$8 *!"/)i($- -($ $$, <$+,*9<$+,* F!C(3 > M!+$ ')!($8  BiN$ > i+, . N$OH > *!+$ ')!($ AG,$ C$(i > ,"/, 99999 ')!($ F!(i"/ > +!,)i -$$ ,, )$*$+  M$+G,i > M!+$8 -$"$)$" $" ii$*)$" > *!+$ ,$ P9A!$ > +'$ *,$  $i  S-' ! > ($+,$" ;$ $($* $i+  25  $i+ +.-  !,$ 30 *!"i >  -i")9 :i'(! .

3.  NA2N 

$. R$$ *,($9 *,($ !+$)$+8 ($(, $"$!!i  . T.L  124 Q C 7 125 Q C$ . L$+, $($* $(''(8 !!+ . ! > !!9!! *i"#$)  !. HNO3 H2SO4 ! > ),"i"/ ($*$ &. F!C(3 > ,"/, ')!($ /. Di$*,"/)$" !"/$" N$OH ($(, i$$*)$" 8($(, > AG. B+'* > !"$-$" -,i  NH4OH ,$-)$"8 i$ $($* $i+  C,SO 4 > !"$-$" <$+,*9<$+,* i+, . . L$),)$" S,(i*$i i. R!)+i$(i$i !"/$" ACETO IR .  

4.  F&N#L

 

K+i$( $) !+%$+"$8 i/+')'-i8 $$, !+%$+"$ )!*!+$$" B$, -!i&i)8 !+$,"8 $,i FENOL 2016

17





T.L  41 Q C  T.D  12 Q C K!($+,$" $($* $i+ > 1>12 L$+, $i) $($* !!+8 -i+i, 8 )('+'&'+* $" /(#!+i" 8 $($* -$+$&&i"



1>100  D$($* *i"#$) 1>2 $  F!C(3 9999 ,"/, i+,  -i+. !+(!i 9999 i($"/ $  MILLON 9999 *!+$ ,"/, $  AG. B+'* !+(!i > !"$-$" -,i $  R!$)i I"!&!"'( 9999 i<$, i+, $i(8 P$$ -!*$"$$" <$i



*!+$ $  ($+,$"
   

15. !"+#L K+i$(

$)

!+%$+"$  K"-S-S !"+#L

1. L$+,$" $($* $i+  $"i((i" 7H( i"/i" > M!+$ R'$ 2. P$"$ > (!i ,$8 ii$*)$" !"$-$" *!+$ ,"/, . 3. 9T#*'(  H2SO4 -$"$)$"8 !"!+)$" !"/$" $i+ $+i"/ !!($ i"!+$()$"

4. 5. 6. .

!"/$" C$CO3 . Fi(+$ > F!C(3 > i+,. T!+!",) C$9T#*'( ,(&$ #$"/ "!+$( 9T#*'(  F'+*$(i"  H2SO4 99999 M!+$ 9DIAO > *!+$
11.  &-2&N#L

FENOL 2016

18

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

C$i+$"8 $, *i"#$) !"/)! Ti$) ($+, $($* $i+8 ($+, $($* !$"'(8 /(i!+i"8 *i"#$) (!*$). $  H2SO4 !"!+ 9999 *!+$ 8i($ i!"!+)$" 9999 ,"/, )!+, $  F!C(3 9999 i<$, *,$8 )!+, !-!+i ,, 9999 ')($ *,$. $  MILLON 9999 !"$-$" ')($ ,"/,.

1$. 2-AAC#L

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. . . @.

B$, -!i&i)  S!)$(i $i+8 !$- $i+$" T.L  280 Q C S,)$+ ($+, $($* $i+8 ($+, $($* -i+i,8 /(i!+i" $" *i"#$) (!*$) . $  *$+G,i 9999 *!+$ :i'(! $  F!C(3 9999 i+, 9999 *!+$ ')($. $  H2SO4  &'+*$(!i$ 9999 :i'(! $  $G.+'* 9999 *!+$ ')($ $  HNO3 9999 *!+$ 9999
1'. KR&S#L

$.  . . 9 9 9 .

L$+,$" i+, :i'(! $*-,+$" O+' 9999 > ,"/,8 i+, )!+, M!$ 9999 > ,"/, )!+, P$+$ 9999 > i+, )!+,8 -,i $  $G.+'*> FENOL 2016

19

9 9 9 !. &.

O+' 9999 > -,i M!$ 9999 > -,i P$+$ 9999 > $) $$ 8 ),"i"/ $  *$+G,i 9999 *!+$ $  $ -i)+$ 9999 09)!+'( 9999 K+i$( <$+,*
1. "6R#C"N#N 

$.  . . . !. &.

T.L  12 Q C ($+, $($* $i+  F!(i"/ > *!+!,)i8 !"$-$" ')!($ M!+!,)i ($+,$" A/9$**'"i$)$( >  <$* i<$,8 ($*$9($*$ i$* AG,$ C$(i> 1 *$($* ),"i"/ ')!($ Di*$$) !"/$" F!C(3 > $, *!+$"/$"/ $+i i"#+'" $i( ')i$i

!$/i$" '(! F!++i  . /. F!C(3 !+(!i > <$+,*9<$+,* *!$( /($"8 #$i, Ci"'"  . S-' !! !"/$" F!C(3 > i<$, !-$ !+($(, $" *!"<$i ),"i"/ ')!($ i. AG.+'* 9999 ),"i"/ ')($  <. NH4OH 9999 9999 *!+$ ')($. ). S,(i*$i > $"/$ $i).

1*.CA!&C"N 

FENOL 2016

20

$.  . . . !. &. /. . i.  <. ).

B!+%$+"$C')!($ *,$ +'$ R$$ !i)i -$i L$+,$" $($* $i+ !+!$)i $$* (!*$ F!C(3 -i+ >i<$, ')($ NESSLER >+'$ H2SO4 - >),"i"/ ')($ HNO3 >*!+$ $+$ F+'! >*!+$ ,"/, M$+G,i >*!+$ ')!($  N$OH >),"i"/ ')!($ P$"$)$" ROU?

$I.

>),"i"/ >
BIOSINTESIS SEN"A#A FENOL A$ i/$ <$(,+ i'i"!i &!"'( !"/$" +,! #$"/ !+!$ $($* ,, $"$*$" i"/)$ i"//i8 #$i, > 1. J$(,+ $$* i)i*$8 -'($ i"i *!+,-$)$" -'($ #$"/ !+-!"i"/ $+i -$$  i'i"!i &!"'( <$(,+ #$"/ -$(i"/ $"#$) i/,"$)$". 2. J$(,+ $$* $!$9*$('"$8 -'($ i"i i-!+/,"$)$" ,",) i"!i i"i" A $+'*$i) $+i ,+,"$" &($:'"'i. P'($ i"i -!"i"/ $/i *i)+' '+/$"i*!. 3. J$(,+ $$* $!$9*!:$('"$8 -'($ i"i +!($i& ),+$"/ -!"i"/ $($* ,, $"$*$" i"/)$ i"//i. B!+$/$i !";i* !+-!+$" $($* i'i"!i &!"'( -$$ <$(,+ $$* i)i*$. K!!+$$$" <$(,+ $$* i)i*$ i"i i$$) $"#$ -!"i"/ ,",) *!"/$i()$" &!"'(8 !$-i !+,$*$ $$($ *!"/$i()$" $$*9$$* $*i"' $+'*$i)8 &!"i($($"i"8 i+'i" *$,-," +i-'&$". FENOL 2016

21

 Biosintesis senyawa fenolik seagian esar ter!adi di sitoplasma $" i$%$(i *!($(,i <$(,+ i)i*$!. A$* 39!i+')i)i*$ *!+,-$)$" -+',) $"$+$ <$(,+  i)i*$! $+i ,+$ )$+'i+$ #$"/ -!"i"/ $($* i'i"!i !"#$%$ &!"'(i). A$* /$($ !$/$i '"'8 ii"!i $+i $$* 39!i+'i)i*$. A$* /$($ )!*,i$" $-$ i,$ *!"<$i 9/(,)'/$(i". S!"#$%$ $"$+$ i"i )!*,i$" *!"/$($*i /$(('i($i !i"//$ !+!",) -!"$9O9/$(('i(9/(,)'$. =$(('i($i (!i ($"<, !+$$- -!"$9O9/$(('i(9/(,)'$ $)$" *!"/$i()$" !"#$%$9!"#$%$ $+i /'('"/$" $"i" #$"/ $-$ !+i+'(ii8 #$i, )!('*-') /$(('$"i" $" !(($/i$"i".

BIOSINTESIS FENOL

FENOL 2016

22

FENOL 2016

23

FENOL 2016

24

M!'! #$"/ i-$)$i ,",) *!"i"!i &!"'( !$+$ )'*!+i$(8 $$($ 1. Hi+'(ii K('+'!";!"$ P+'! D'% P+'! i"i )('+'!";!"$ i-$"$)$" $*-$i 350'C !)$"$" i"//i !"/$" ($+,$" "$+i,* i+')i$. R!$)i i"i $)$" *!"/$i()$" i'" &!"')i$ $" !!($ i$$*)$" $)$" *!"<$i &!"'(.

ON)

Cl

 2N$OH

O

 N$C(  H2O

,HC

350!

+

2. P!(!,+$" N$+i,* !";!",(&'"$( T#*)$)$ P+'! i"i ,$ i)!"$( !<$) $," 1@0 i J!+*$". N$+i,* !";!"! ,(&'"$ i(!,+ !"/$" N$OH -$$ 350'C8 *!"/$i()$" "$+i,*&!"')i$. S!($"<,"#$ "$+i,*&!"')i$ i$$*)$" ,",) *!"/$i()$" &!"'(. 3. M!'! Hi+'-!+')i$ K,*!" H$*-i+ !"#$%$ &!"'( i,$ !"/$" -+'! !+$+,8 #$i, *!*$)$i $$"  $), ),*!" i'-+'-i(!";!"$. K,*!" i')i$ *!"<$i ),*!" i+')i-!+')i$ )!*,i$" !"/$" $$"#$ $$* $)$" i$i()$" &!"'( $" $!'". A.

Bio&inte&i& fenil,ro,noi' P!+i"i !"#$%$ &!"i(-+'-$"'i $%$( $$($ $$* i"$*$ $" $$*

 -9 i+')i"$*$8 #$"/ <,/$ i)!"$( !"/$" "$*$ $$* -9),*$+$. D$($* ,*,$"8 !"#$%$

i"i

i,$

$+i

$$*

$+'*$i

$*i"'

&!"i($($"i"

$"

i+'i"8

!$+$ !+/$"i$"8 $" !+i"!i *!($(,i <$(,+ $$* i)i*$. Bi'i"!$ !"#$%$ &!"i(-+'-$"'i$

#$"/

$$+i<$(,+

i)i*$

-!+$*$

)$(i

i!*,)$"

$($*

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25

$"$('/ i"+$*'(!),(!+ *!"/$i()$" $$* 59!i+'),i"$ #$"/ *!*-,"#$i (i"/)$+  i)('!)$"$8 #$"/ )!*,i$" i,$ *!"<$i $$* i)i*$. A$* i)i*$ *!($(,i !+$"/)$i$" +!$)i !+&'&'+i($i8 *!"/$i()$" $$* )'+i*$ #$"/ *!+,-$)$" ii)   -!+$$"/$" #$"/ -!"i"/ $($* i'i"!i.

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$"

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FENOL 2016

26

A$* i"$*$8 $$( *,($ &!"i(-+'-$"'i8 i!",) !"/$" !$*i"$i !";i*$i ($"/,"/ &!"i($($"i"8 $" $$* -9),*$+$ $-$ ii'i"!i $($* $+$ #$"/ !+,-$ $+i i+'i" $$, i+')i($i $$* i"$*$ -$$ -'ii -$+$. A$* -9 ),*$+$ <,/$ i)!"$( !$/$i $$* -9i+')ii"$*$"8 $$($ -,$ -!+$"$+$ $($*  i'i"!i !!+$-$ &!"i(-+'-$"'i.

B. Bio&inte&i& k2rin

FENOL 2016

27

$II. PEN8U9IAN DEN8AN KLT 1. M!'! A"$(ii F!"'( !"/$" KLT M!'! !+$i) ,",) -!*i$$" $" i!"i&i)$i !"#$%$ &!"'( !!+$"$ !"/$" KLT. S!"#$%$ !+!, ,*,*"#$ i!!)i !!($ i+'(ii $$* $$,  $$ $+i <$+i"/$" ,*,$" $+i !)+$) $(''(. Hi+'(ii $$* i($),)$" !"/$" HC( 2M !($*$ 30*!"i $$, i+'(ii $$ !"/$" N$OH 2M !($*$ 4<$*8 $$, !)+$)i !"/$" $(''(. F!"'( #$"/ !+!",) i!)+$)i !"/$" !!+8 !)+$) #$"/ i$-$ i,$-)$" i"//$ )!+i"/. R!i, i($+,)$" $($* !!+ $" ($),)$" )+'*$'/+$&i 2$+$.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

FENOL 2016

28

A$8 R. 1@0. A"$(ii Ki*i$ F$+*$i. L!*$/$ P!"!+i$" U"i:!+i$ H$$",i" > M$)$$+. Di+ J$)$+$. =$"<$+8 =. I.8R'*$"8 A. 200. Ki*i$ F$+*$i A"$(ii. P,$)$ P!($<$+ > Y'/#$)$+$. H!+*$"8 J. R. 1@. A"$(ii F$+*$i. =$<$ M$$ U"i:!+i# P+! > Y'/#$)$+$. Ti* D'!". 200@. P!","," P+$)i),* Ki*i$ A"$(ii. U"i:!+i$ I"'"!i$ Ti*,+ > M$)$$+. Ti* D'!". 2010. P!","," P+$)i),* Ki*i$ F$+*$i A"$(ii. U"i:!+i$ I"'"!i$ Ti*,+ > M$)$$+. A+$*8 )). 2015. M$)$($ Ki*i$ O+/$"i) B$$" A($*. U"i:!+i$ N!/!+i M$ )$$+ F$),($ M$!*$i)$ $" I(*, P!"/!$,$" A($*. ->',*!".i-',*!"&!"i(9-+'-$"'i'.*(. Di$)! $"//$( 11 A-+i( 2016. E+"i%$i. 2005. I'($i K,*$+i" D$+i D$," K$#, R$," Ri"$$", "$,,. T!i. P+'i Ki*i$ P+'/+$* P$$$+<$"$ U"i:!+i$ A"$($. P$$"/ L!""#8 S':i$. 2006. S!"#$%$ F($:'"'i$8 F!"i(-+'-$"'i$8 $" A()$('i$. M!$"> USU R$$*,!8 T. J. 200. S,i! T'%$+ T! S#"!i '& N':!(8 C',*$+i"9$! HI91 P+'!$! I"ii'+. T!i. D!-$+*!" '& !*i+# R'! U"i:!+i#. =+$$*'%". R'#. 2011. M$)$($ F!"'(i). ->+'#-,+$)$-,$('//*$'#.('/-'.'*. Di$)!  -$$ $"//$( 12 M$+! 2015 Wi)i-!i$ $$* i"$*$ A"$+i)i*i$.2013 ASAM SINAMAT BAHAN UNTUK PARFUM. ->%$%$$"i(*,)i*i$.%'+-+!.'*.

FENOL 2016

29