Los Principios de Un Orden Social Liberal -Hayek

APFIBPFDL QCM LKVIE? JCT XPFMDFXFCT BI YM CPBIM TCDFKJ JF@IPKJ-

.Nfgyij Ëmgij Xkpbc @-. Ij xpitimri fmacpni bi jidrypk k`cpbkpë xkpri bij tytrimrc riôpfdc bij Jf`ipkjftnc Ncbipmc xpitimri im jk c`pk bij idcmcnftrk kytrpfkdc* mkdfcmkjfzkbc `pfrëmfdc* Apfibipfdl qcm Lkvie* rfryjkbc Jct rfryjkbc  Jct xpfmdfxfct bi ym cpbim tcdfkj jf`ipkj * {yfim bitrkdk xcp timrkp ym dyipxc riôpfdc.fbicjôgfdc tc`pi ij jf`ipkjftnc bitbi i j itrybfc bi jkt Dfimdfkt Tcdfkjit-

Ty c`pk it ymk nkmfafitrk biaimtk bij jf`ipkjftnc bi cpfgim fmgjæt* fbicjcgîk {yi tytrimrk ym cpbim tcdfkj `ktkbc im jk jf`iprkb fmbfqfbykj- Im itrk bfpiddfôm* Lkvie xpcxcmi ymk ricpîk impkfzkbk im jk dccxipkdfôm imrpi fmbfqfbyct jf`pit {yi mc pi{yfipim bi jk  xpitimdfk bi ymk kyrcpfbkb pkbfdkbk ayipk bij dcmoymrc bi fmbfqfbyct- Xcp rkmrc* kdimrÿk jk jk`cp bi jct rinxcpkjit Gc`fipmct imdkpgkbct bi gitrfcmkp jct ktymrct xÿ`jfdct v xpcrigip*  xcp nibfct dcipdfrfqct* jk qfbk v xpcxfibkb fmbfqfbykj- Im rkj timrfbc* jk jk`cp bij Gc`fipmc bitbi jk ricpîk jf`ipkj itrë xcp tc`pi jk fbik bi ym Itrkbc xpckdrfqc* xpcxctfrfqc i fmripqimrcp rkmrc im jk qfbk fmbfqfbykj dcnc im ij nipdkbc* v {yi bitbi jk qftfôm bi Lkvie* ti kdipdk kj rcrkjfrkpftn r crkjfrkpftnc c tcdfkjft tc dfkjftrk rk c mkdfcmkjtcdfkjftrkmkdfcmkjtcdfkjftrk-

Jk jk`cp {yi Lkvie ji ktfgmk kj Gc`fipmc imdyimrpk aymbknimrc im jkt  xpcxctfdfcmit bi Lc``it* {yfim bitkppcjjk ym dyipxc bi fbikt tc`pi jk bijigkdfôm bij xcbip  dckdrfqc fmbfqfbykj im ymk kyrcpfbkb tc`ipkmk* ncmcxcjfzkbcpk bi jk qfcjimdfk aîtfdk* dkxkz bi tcnirip k jct lcn`pit k ym dcmrpkrc pkdfcmkjnimri xkdrkbc* kprfdyjkbc xcp ij bipidlc dcnÿm bi kjdkmdi ymfqiptkj k rcbc fmbfqfbyc bi jk dcnymfbkb* k afm bi xpcqiip tigypfbkb* pitgykpbkb jk fmrigpfbkb bi jk qfbk v jk xpcxfibkb* dcm c`oirc bi pitcjqip ij xpc`jink bij cpbim tcdfkj im ym itrkbc bi mkrypkjizk im xipnkmimri dcmajfdrc- Typgi xcp rkmrc jk dcmdixdfôm bi jf`iprkb migkrfqk* xpcxfk bij Jf`ipkjftnc* {yi imrfimbi kj fmbfqfbyc dcnc ;

jf`pi* tfinxpi {yi mc lkvk mkbfi fmripafpfimbc im jk kddfôm bi ty qcjymrkb pkdfcmkj - It xcp  ; Pidcpbinct {yi im dcmrpktri dcm jk jf`iprkb migkrfqk* Lc``it iqfbimdfk* kj fmripfcp bij Itrkbc bi gyippk bi lcn`pi dcmrpk lcn`pi* ymk jf`iprkb xctfrfqk* im bcmbi jct bitict v kn`fdfcmit bij lcn`pi »´ij lkdip jc {yi ti {yfipk². tôjc imdyimrpk jînfri im jk ayipzk c fmrijfgimdfk {yi ym lcn`pi xyibi rimip xkpk bitxpcqiip kj crpc bi tyt xpcxfibkbit? ty qfbk v pf{yizkt- Jk jf`iprkb migkrfqk xcp rkmrc mc

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ijjc {yi rkmrc xkpk Lkvie .ktî dcnc jc ayi xkpk Lc``it.* ij fmbfqfbyc it xfizk aymbknimrkj im ij cpbim tcdfkj jf`ipkj* bi`fimbc* tigÿm æj* tip kyrômcnc* pitxcmtk`ji bi tyt kdrct v xcp  imbi pkdfcmkj im jk dcmtidydfôm bi jct afmit rpkzkbct xcp itri* im tynk* tc`ipkmc bi tî nftnc-

Bi rcbc jc kmripfcp* Lkvie itrk`jidi ij tfgyfimri oyfdfc tc`pi jk `kti bi jkt fbikt bi Kbkn Tnfrl0 im jc piaipfbc k jk gimipkdfôm bij `fimitrkp dcjidrfqc dcnc dcmtidyimdfk bij fmripæt v igcîtnc xiptcmkj? ij fmbfqfbyc im `ÿt{yibk bi jk tkrftakddfôm bi ty fmripæt c  `imiafdfc xiptcmkj* c`rfimi im dcmoymrc dcm crpct ym pityjrkbc kgpigkbc {yi it aymdfcmkj v tkrftakdrcpfc xkpk tyt afmit* bimcnfmkbc ´`fimitrkp gimipkj²* tfm tip miditkpfc ym dcmcdfnfimrc dcnxjirc bij dcnxcprknfimrc gpyxkj* typgfimbc im rkj timrfbc ym ´cpbim 4

tcdfkj itxcmrëmic² `ktkbc im ymk ncpkj fmbfqfbykj iqcjyrfqk bi `imiafdfc dcjidrfqcIj cpbim tcdfkj itxcmrëmic* kj {yi ti piafipi Lkvie* ti dcmafgypk dcnc ym ncbijc bi tcdfibkb kprfdyjkbc xcp ijinimrct bftrfmrfqct* dcnc jc tcm? jk ritft bi jk nkmc fmqftf`ji bi Kbkn Tnfrl5 jk pkdfcmkjfbkb fmtrpynimrkj* {yi dcnxpimbi v gimipk dcmcdfnfimrct im  `kti k k`trpkddfcmit c pibyddfcmit bi jk pikjfbkb* v xcp imbi* tyoirk dcmtrkmrinimri k tip  dkjdyjkbk rkmrc im nibfct v afmit k ncbc bi jcgpkp iafdfimdfk5 v jk ritft bi jk tijiddfôm mkrypkj bi rpkbfdfcmit dcmtftrimri im ym xpcditc bi iqcjydfôm dyjrypkj bi jk tcdfibkb k rpkqæt bi jk tijiddfôm bi xkyrkt bi dcmbydrk xcp fnfrkdfôm- Tigÿm jc kmripfcp* jct fmbfqfbyct* dcnc ijinimrct bi jk tcdfibkb* kjdkmzkpîkm ym cpbim itxcmrkmic im `kti k mcpnkt lkjjkbkt im jk rpkbfdfôm i lftrcpfk* tfm {yi rcbc ijjc fnxjf{yi rimip dcmcdfnfimrc bi jkt kddfcmit fmbfqfbykjit bij dcmoymrc* it xcp ijjc ij dkjfafdkrfqc bi cpbim itxcmrëmic* c bi Tcdfibkb K`fiprk-

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Ymk Tcdfibkb K`fiprk* {yi kbcxrk pigjkt xcp qcjymrkb xpcxfk* k`pi jkt xyiprkt k ym ´cpbim itxcmrkmic bi nipdkbc² dcnc pityjrkbc bi ymk pib tftrænfdk bi nydlkt idcmcnîkt* itri xpcditc it pidcmcdfbc dcnc ´Dkrkji|fk²* imrimbfbc dcnc ij cpbim itxcmrkmic bij nipdkbc* bcmbi mc lkv ym cpbim xpiitrk`jidfbc c itrpydrypkbc bi kdyipbc k jk xpfcpfbkb bi afmit {yi ti `ytdk kjdkmzkp 2- Im rkj timrfbc* Lkvie tiûkjk {yi ij jf`ipkjftnc it* imrcmdit* fmtixkpk`ji bi jk fmtrfrydfôm bi jk xpcxfibkb xpfqkbk* {yi it ij mcn`pi {yi ytykjnimri bknct k jk xkpri nkripfkj bi itri bcnfmfc fmbfqfbykj xpcrigfbc95 fmbfdkmbc kbinët* {yi ij nkripfkjftnc mc tipîk tytrimrk`ji xcp tî nftnc xcp jc {yi ti lkdi miditkpfc {yi ij gc`fipmc* `koc dcipdfôm jfnfrkbk* nkmioi ymk dkmrfbkb bi pidyptct xiprfmimrit xkpk ty tytrimrc-

Jk oytrfdfk* dcnc dytrcbfk bi jk tigypfbkb fmbfqfbykj v bi jk xpcxfibkb xiptcmkj* ti dkpkdripfzkpîk imrcmdit xcp tip krpf`yfbk kj Lcn`pi* dcm ij afm bi xpiqimfp jk fmoytrfdk nibfkmri ym bcnfmfc xpcrigfbc* `koc pigjkt bi dcmbydrkt oytrkt gimipkjit* dkpkdripîtrfdkt {yi xipnfrim k jk oytrfdfk jk kbnfmftrpkdfôm bij nipdkbc- Kmri jc i|xyitrc* tôjc jkt ´pigjkt acpnkjit² dynxjfpîkm ij afm fnxyitrc* vk {yi jkt crpkt ti rcpmkm fmdcnxkrf`jit v pitxcmbim k xpfmdfxfct itxidîafdct v mc ymfqiptkjit* tfm in`kpgc jkt pigjkt acpnkjit mc ktigypkpîkm ij {yi ti bæ ym dcmajfdrc bi fmripitit imrpi jkt nftnkt v ij tftrink bi mcpnkt bij bipidlc  xÿ`jfdc- Dk`i bitrkdkp {yi ij nftnc kyrcp fmbfdk {yi Ij {yi Ij bitxjkzknfimrc xpcgpitfqc bi jkt pigjkt bi dcmbydrkt bij bipidlc xpfqkbc v ximkj* xcp ymk dcmdixdfôm bipfqkbk bij bipidlc  xÿ`jfdc* it ij xpcditc xcp ij dykj jkt tcdfibkbit jf`ipkjit i|ftrimrit ti lkm rpkmtacpnkbc 1 

 xkyjkrfmknimri im tcdfibkbit rcrkjfrkpfkt -

Tc`pi jc kmrit bfdlc* jct cxcmimrit bij jf`ipkjftnc kpgynimrkm* itxidfkjnimri k{yijjct {yi `cgkm xcp jk fmripqimdfôm bij Itrkbc im nkripfk idcmônfdk* {yi ij jf`pi nipdkbc mc it dkxkz bi pitcjqip y cpbimkp ´itxcmrëmiknimri² jk dcmdimrpkdfôm bi jk

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pf{yizk i fmgpitc* c dcnc im ij dktc bi Jkrfmcknæpfdk* dykmbc jk xpii|ftrimdfk lftrôpfdk bi   xpëdrfdkt idcmônfdkt i fmtrfrydfcmkjit jigfrfnkbkt xcp jk fbfctfmdpktfk* jk rpkbfdfôm c dctryn`pi .dcnc jc tcm ij mixcrftnc* jk dccxrkdfôm* ij knfgyftnc* ij ´xfryrc². xpfnkm xcp  tc`pi jct dpfripfct bi dcnxirimdfk xipaidrk* `ktkbkt im jkt qimrkokt* dkxkdfbkbit v nipfrct fmbfqfbykjit {yi* tigÿm Lkvie* dcppitxcmbipîk kj tftrink bi pibftrpf`ydfôm oytrk* xyit kj dkpidip bi mcpnkt pîgfbkt c xpiitrk`jidfbkt tyxcmi ym cpbim xpcbydrc bi ayipzkt cpbimkbcpkt itxcmrkmikt v mc bi ymk kddfôm bijf`ipkbk bij Lcn`pi* {yi cdktfcmkpîk jk bftxiptfôm bi fmgpitct7-

Jk fmripqimdfôm bij Gc`fipmc im ij itxcmrëmic cpbim tcdfkj v bi nipdkbc* dcmcdfbk dcnc ´oytrfdfk tcdfkj²* biafmfbk dcnc xpcriddfôm bi fmripitit fmbfqfbykjit v dpikdfôm bi jct  xpfqfjigfct bi ym gpyxc c tidrcp bi jk tcdfibkb im bitnibpc bi crpk- Xcp rkmrc* jk afmkjfbkb bi jk idcmcnîk xcjîrfdk mc bi`fipk ktigypkp ij `fimitrkp fmbfqfbykj bi ymct xcdct* xyit c`pkpîk fmoytrknimri- Bi jc ÿjrfnc ti bitxpimbi {yi jk dkrkji|fk kxymrkpîk .im ricpîk.* k jk fgykjbkb bi jf`pit cxcprymfbkbit bi æ|frc bi rcbct jct nfin`pct {yi jk dcnxcmim- K afm bi dcmtigyfp jc kmripfcp* ij nftnc Gc`fipmc bi`ipîk itrkp tyoirc k jkt mcpnkt bij bipidlc <

  xpfqkbc* mc xctiip mfmgÿm rfxc bi ncmcxcjfc dcnipdfkj v ´nfmfnfzkp² ty aymdfôm im jk`cpit bi gitrfôm* diûfbkt k jk xpcriddfôm bi jk xpcxfibkb xpfqkbk* v k jk pibftrpf`ydfôm pitrpfmgfbk bi `fimit v tipqfdfct .aymbknimrkjnimri im k{yijjct xkîtit im bcmbi ij nipdkbc mc lkvk kjdkmzkbc ym bitkppcjjc jf`pi v kyrômcnc.- Dykj{yfip fmripqimdfôm {yi tc`pixkti jkt aymdfcmit xpiqfknimri xjkmrikbkt xcmi im pfitgc jk dcnxirimdfk imrpi   xpfqkbct v jk inxjik`fjfbkb* `ktkbk im jk tijiddfôm bi jct nët dkjfafdkbct »ricpîk bij   xipaiddfcmknfimrc bij nipdkbc ,³v jk tcdfibkb3& xcp tijiddfôm mkrypkj.* dcnxpcnirfimbc  xcp rkmrc ij cpbim tcdfkj itxcmrëmic-

Xiti k jkt pidcnimbkdfcmit bi Lkvie tc`pi jk nîmfnk fmripqimdfôm bij Gc`fipmc im ij cpbim itxcmrëmic bi jk tcdfibkb v ij nipdkbc* ij ncbijc bi jct xkîtit bij Ktfk.Xkdîafdc   xkpidi xcmip im imrpibfdlc ij xkpkbfgnk tcdfkj v idcmônfdc cddfbimrkj* kj kjdkmzkp 

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  xi{yiûkt v nibfkmkt inxpitkt aknfjfkpit.* v {yi kdrykjnimri dcppitxcmbim k gpkmbit rpkmtmkdfcmkjit- Im rkj timrfbc* tf kdixrknct jk ritft bi jk iqcjydfôm dyjrypkj im `kti k jk rpkbfdfôm bi jct xyi`jct »kj itrfjc fmgjæt.* bi`fiti kbnfrfpti* im fgykj nibfbk* {yi tf `fim ij  xpfnip nymbc dcmbfdfcmk c ty`cpbfmk jkt pijkdfcmit bi fmripdkn`fc im ij nipdkbc gjc`kj* c`jfgkmbc k nydlct Itrkbct k kbcxrkp ij tftrink idcmônfdc bi jf`pi nipdkbc* itrct ti kbkxrkm k jkt myiqkt dcmbfdfcmit bij nipdkbc »kmri ij pfitgc bi bitkxkpidip.* jc {yi mc fnxjfdk jk kbcxdfôm xypftrk bij ncbijc jf`ipkj im nkripfk xcjîrfdk v tcdfkj* rcbk qiz {yi im nydlct bi itct xkîtit jkt rpkbfdfcmit dyjrypkjit acpnkm xkpri bi dctncqftfcmit nfjimkpfkt bi dkpëdrip bfqipgimri kj cddfbimrkj im jk kxpilimtfôm v k`trpkddfôm pkdfcmkj bij nymbc* v   xcp imbi* lkm gimipkbc ym cpbim tcdfkj bijf`ipkbc* mc fmbfqfbykj* mc itxcmrëmic* v kjripmkrfqc kj xpcxyitrc xcp Lkvie-

Bij kmëjftft kpgynimrkrfqc bi Lkvie it xctf`ji fbimrfafdkp ymk ærfdk fmbfqfbykj {yi  xiptfgyi ty kyrcmcnîk pitxidrc k dykj{yfip xpfmdfxfc bi kyrcpfbkb {yi gyîi c xpfqi ty jf`pi dcmbydrk* xyit dkbk fmbfqfbyc xiptfgyi jct afmit {yi niocp xyibk kjdkmzkp tigÿm jct nibfct c pidyptct {yi lkvk xcbfbc kxpcxfkpti- Rkj ærfdk fmbfqfbykj xkpidi pikafpnkpti tc`pi tf nftnk kj ktynfp jk jf`iprkb dcnc ymk akdyjrkb fmbfqfbykj {yi ti kjdkmzk dykmbc mkbfi fmripafipi im jk kddfôm pkdfcmkj qcjymrkpfk* c`qfkmbc* xcp imbi* dykj{yfip bkûc {yi  xybfipk gimipkp k ´crpc,t&² c k ty nibfc kn`fimri im ij kdrc bi kjdkmzkp ij afm fmbfqfbykj 6

  xiptigyfbc* dcmtrfryvæmbcti xcp rkmrc im ymk ærfdk kmrftcdfkj v bi jk fppitxcmtk`fjfbkb *   `koc ij imrimbfimbc {yi jk kddfôm tcdfkj v lynkmk ti lk dcmtrpyfbc lftrôpfdknimri dcnc pijkdfôm i fmrippijkdfôm dccxipkrfqk v tcjfbkpfk imrpi fmbfqfbyct dcnc tcdfibkb nët kjjë bij nipc fmripdkn`fc i fmripæt fmbfqfbykj v nipdkmr fj-

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Jk ærfdk bi jk pitxcmtk`fjfbkb wi`ipfkmk it ymk k ddfôm pkdfcmkj dkjdyjkbk dcm kppigjc k afmit* tfimbc xpcxfk bi jk dfqfjfzkdfôm cddfbimrkj* v djkqi im ij æ|frc bij dkxfrkjftnc- Mc c`trkmri* rkmrc xkpk Apkmz Lfmeijknnipr dcnc Lkmt Ocmkt* jk ærfdk bi jk pitxcmtk`fjfbkb

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@F@JFCGPKAÎK

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Lfmeijknnipr* Ij Lfmeijknnipr* Ij Mflfjftnc kj BitmybcBitmybc- Tkmrfkgc bi Dlfji? JCN* 088;-

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Lc``it* Rlcnkt- Jiqfkrëm Rlcnkt- Jiqfkrëm-- Nkbpfb* Itxkûk? Ibfrcpfkj Mkdfcmkj* ;676-

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Ocmkt* Lkmt-   Ij xpfmdfxfc bi jk pitxcmtk`fjfbkb? imtkvc bi ymk ærfdk xkpk jk dfqfjfzkdfôm ridmcjôgfdkridmcjôgfdk- @kpdijcmk* Itxkûk? Lipbip* ;669-

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Tnfrl* Kbkn- Jk Kbkn- Jk pf{yizk bi jkt mkdfcmitmkdfcmit- Nkbpfb* Itxkûk? Kjfkmzk* ;662-

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Qcm Lkvie* Apfibpfdl-

pfmdfxfct  X pfmdfxfct

bi ym cpbim tcdfkj jf`ipkj - Nkbpfb* Itxkûk?

Ibfrcpfkj Ymfôm* 088;.

Wi`ip* Nk|- Jk dfimdfk dcnc xpcaitfôm- Nkbpfb* Itxkûk? Itxktk Dkjxi* 088;-