HISTÓRI A DA CERVEJA - BRASIL - 1ª PARTE
A cerveja é um produto com longa tradição no Brasil Brasil,, surgindo já referências a esta bebida em documentos que datam do sécu século lo XVII. No entan entanto, to, a sua ascensão ascensão foi demorada e tortuosa, sendo que, no início do século XIX, a cachaça e o vinho eram as bebidas alcoólicas preferidas pelo povo. Nessa época, a cerveja já era produzida, mas o seu consumo não se encontrava generalizado, antes permanecendo como uma produção caseira e típica de populações imigrantes. Por outro lado, devido à pressão e influência portuguesas, o vinho era a bebida mais comercializada. Tal situação só seria modificada com a abertura dos portos brasileiros a artigos de outr ou tras as ori orige gens ns qu quee nã não o po port rtug ugue uesa sa,, se send ndo o a ce cerv rvej ejaa um des desse sess pr prod odut utos os.. O consumo foi crescendo gradualmente e, em 1836 1836,, surgiu a primeira notícia sobre a fabricação de cerveja no Brasil. Esse anúncio, publicado no Jornal do Commercio do Rio de Janeiro, dizia o seguinte: "Na Rua Matacavalos, número 90, e Rua Direita núme nú mero ro 86 86,, da Ce Cerv rvej ejar aria ia Br Braz azililei eira ra,, ven ende de-s -see ce cerv rvej eja, a, be bebi bida da ac acol olhi hida da favoravelmente e muito procurada. Essa saudável bebida reúne a barateza a um sabor agradável e à propriedade de conservar-se por muito tempo". Tal seria o ponto de arran arranque que para o desenvolvimento desenvolvimento da cerve cerveja ja a um nível mais comerc comercial. ial. Em 1846, Georg Heinrich Ritter instala uma pequena linha de produção de cerveja na reg regiã ião o de Nova Petró Petrópolis polis - RS RS,, cr cria iand ndo o en entã tão o a ma marc rcaa Ri Ritt tter er,, um umaa da dass precursoras do ramo cervejeiro. A década de 40 do século XIX foi um período de grande desenvolvimento no fabrico e consumo de cerveja. Para além da já mencionada cerveja Ritter, muitas outras aproveitaram o caminho anteriormente desbravado, como sejam os casos da firma Vogelin Vogeli n & Bager, que abriu uma cervejaria cervejaria no bairro do Jardim Botânico Botânico no Rio de Janeiro, ou a Henrique Leiden e Cia, que deu origem à Imperial Fábrica de Cerveja Nacional, também no Rio de Janeiro. Janeiro. O Almanak Laemmert dá-nos a conhecer muit mu itas as ou outr tras as cer erve veja jari rias as qu quee foram abrindo um pouco por todo o Brasil, desde Joinville - SC a São Paulo
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negócio florescente. Para dar apenas alguns exemplos, recordamos a Fábrica de Cerveja Nacional de Alexandre Maria VillasBoas & Cia, no Rio de Janeiro - RJ, a Fábrica de Cerveja de Thimóteo Durier, em Petrópolis - RJ, a Fábrica de Jacob Nauerth no Rio de Janeiro - RJ, a Fábrica de Cerveja Guarda Velha de Bartholomeu Correa da Silva, também no Rio de Janeiro e a Fábrica de Cerveja de Friederich Christoffel, em Porto Alegre - RS. Poderíamos aqui incluir muitas outras, mas o nosso objectivo não passa por enumerá-las todas. Queremos apenas demonstrar a grande quantidade de fábricas e cervejarias que foram surgindo entre os anos 40 e 80 do século XIX, XIX, algo que permitiu uma grande expansão no consumo de cerveja, facto esse que levou a que esta bebida se tornasse a mais popular do Brasil. Curiosamente, até ao estabelecimento da cerveja como bebida rainha, o produto mais procurado e consumido pela população era a "Gengibirra", feita de farinha de milho, gengibre gengibre,, casca de limão e água. Após a mistura dos ingredientes, deixavase a infusão a descansar alguns dias, sendo posteriormente vendida em garrafas ou canecas. Também popular era a "Caramuru", feita de milho, gengibre, açúcar mascavado e água, sendo que esta mistura costumava fermentar por uma semana antes de
ser
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referimos, referi mos, estes produt produtos os passa passaram ram a sofre sofrerr uma forte concorrência por parte da cerveja, send se ndo o ex exem empl plo o di diss sso o o pe pequ quen eno o ba barr "À Cidade de Berna", local de grande sucesso onde era servida a Cerveja Bávara, então produzida pela Stupakoff & Cia. Por essa altura, o Rio de Janeiro já era uma cida ci dade de co comp mpar aráv ável el a ou outr tras as da Eu Europ ropa, a, po poss ssui uind ndo o um me merc rcad ado o co cons nsum umid idor or relevante. A venda de cerveja era feita ao balcão da própria cervejaria, que atendia a particulares. As entregas eram feitas por carroças carroças,, que se deslocavam às zonas comerciais dos bairros adjacentes. Em 1882 formou-se uma sociedade que iria dar origem a uma marca que, ainda hoje, desempenha um papel de grande relevo na indústria cervejeira brasileira. Assim, surge a expressão "Antarctica " Antarctica", ", fruto da associação entre Louis Bucher e Joaquim Salles, este último proprietário de um matadouro de suínos com aquele
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engarrafada, não possuía um rótulo próprio. O passo seguinte para esta sociedade foi a criação da "Antarctica Paulista - Fábrica de Gelo e Cervejaria", firma que, como o nome indicava, se dedicava à produção de gelo e produtos alimentícios. No entanto, esta marca não ficaria por muito tempo sozinha no mercado. Em 1888, um imig im igra rant ntee su suiç iço o de no nome me Jo Jose seph ph Vi Villllig iger, er, ac acos ostu tuma mado do ao sa sabor bor da dass ce cerv rveja ejass europeias e inconformado com a má qualidade das cervejas fabricadas no Brasil, resolveu abrir o seu próprio negócio, começando a fazer cerveja em casa. Deste modo, a 6 de Setembro desse ano, é registada a "Manufactura de Cerveja Brahma Villig Vil liger er & Com Compan panhia hia", ", fun fundad dadaa pelo pel o pró própri prio o Vi Villllig iger, er, po porr Pa Paul ul Fritz e por Ludwig Mack, sendo então comercialmente lançada a Cerveja Brahma Brahma.. A manufactura foi
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sobreviveu até aos nossos dias! O crescimento de ambas as empresas é grande e quase imediato. Em 1889 é publ pu blic icado ado o pri prime meiro iro an anún únci cio o de um umaa ma marc rcaa de ce cerv rveja eja bra brasi sile leir ira: a: "C "Cer erve veja ja Antarctica encontra-se à venda na Rua Boa Vista, 50 A", podia ler-se no jornal "A Provincia de São Paulo" (actualmente o "Estado " Estado de São Paulo"). Paulo "). No ano seguinte, a Antarctica aumenta o seu quadro de funcionários para 200 e a sua capacidade de produção passa a ser de 40 mil hectolitros/ano. Este desenvolvimento leva a que a empresa se transforme numa sociedade anónima, com 61 accionistas, passando então a chamar-se de "Companhia Antarctica Paulista SA". Dois desses accionistas, João Carlos António Zerrener e Adam Ditrik von Bullow, eram sócios numa empresa de importação, em Santos Santos,, algo que facilitou a compra de máquinas e de matériaprima para a cervejaria. Contudo, este grande crescimento não foi sustentado, pelo que ainda em 1893 a Antarctica se encontra à beira da falência, sendo então comprada pela sua principal credora, a empresa Zerrener, Bullow & Cia. De facto,
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exemplos, temos as cervejas Bock e Victória da Cervejaria Feldmann de Blumenau - SC, que já não existem, a cerveja Caracu Caracu,, inicialmente pertença da Cervejaria Rio Claro, em Rio Claro - SP e que hoje faz parte do portefólio da AmBev ou a Cervejaria Bavária, localizada na Moóca, que foi adquirida em 1904 pela Antarctica, que aí instalou a sede do seu grupo. Quem não parava era a Brahma. Em pouco mais de uma década esta empresa viria a registar quase uma dúzia de marcas, como são exemplos a cerveja Bier, a Crystal, a Pilsener, a Franziskaner-Brau Franziskaner-Brau,, a Munchen, a Guarany, a Ypiranga, a Bock-Ale ou a Brahma Porter, para apenas nomear algumas. A expansão da firma fazi fa ziaa-se se ta tamb mbém ém à cu cust staa da aq aqui uisi siçã ção o e fu fusã são o co com m ou outr tras as em empr pres esas as,, co como mo acon ac onte tece ceu u em 19 1904, 04, an ano o em qu quee su surg rgiu iu a Co Comp mpan anhi hiaa Ce Cerv rvej ejar aria ia Br Brah ahma ma,, resultante da união entre a Georg Maschkle & Cia. – Cervejaria Brahma e a Preiss Haussl Hau ssler er & Cia Cia.. – Cer Cervej vejari ariaa Teu Teutôn tônia ia (pr (produ odutor tora, a, ent entre re out outras ras,, das cer cervej vejas as Excelsior, Teutonia e Munchen-Bock). A notoriedade da Brahma era também obtida atravé atr avéss de for fortes tes cam campan panhas has pub public licitá itária riass e do pat patrocí rocínio nio que dav davaa a bar bares, es, restaurantes e artistas. Para além do mais, a importação de novos equipamentos e a melhoria geral da qualidade da sua maquinaria proporcionou-lhe a obtenção de uma boa imagem junto dos consumidores. Nesta altura, a produção de chope em tonéis chega já aos 6 milhões de litros e a distribuição conta com 9 depósitos situados no centro do Rio de Janeiro. Este crescimento contínuo foi acompanhado, durante os primeiros anos do século XX, do lançamento de novas marcas, casos da ABC, da Bock-Crystal, da Bramina, da Bull Bock, da Rainha ou da Colombo.
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Pode parecer surpreendente o grande número de marcas lançadas por uma única empresa, neste caso a Brahma, mas o mercado cervejeiro do início do século passado encontrava-se em grande ebulição, com a fundação de inúmeras indústrias um pouco por todo o Brasil, sendo que cada empresa tratava logo de registar um elevado número de marcas diferentes, por forma a assegurar uma determinada fatia do mercado. Não querendo fazer um rol muito extenso de todas as marcas que foram sendo criadas, convém enumerar algumas, por forma a ficar-se com uma ideia da pujan pujança ça da indús indústria tria cervejeira cervejeira da época. Comecemos Comecemos em 1903, ano em que a Cervejaria Mora de Petrópolis – RJ, se tornou na Fábrica de Bebidas Cascata, produtora das cervejas Cascata Preta e Cascata Branca. Em 1906, a Cervejaria Kuhene lançou a “Progres “ Progresso so 1906 1906”, ”, cerveja criada com o objectivo de comemorar a inauguração da estação ferroviária de Joinville. Um ano depois, a fábrica de cerveja Caetano Carmignani, em Pirassununga, começa a elaborar a cerveja preta Cavalinho, isto após adquirir novas máquinas e equipamentos. Já em 1912 é inaugurada a Cervejaria Tripolitana, fabricante da Tripolitana e com sede em Cachoeiro do Itapemirim – ES. Resumindo e só para se ficar com uma ideia geral, basta dizer que um ano antes do início da Grande Guerra, isto é, em 1913, existiam 134 cervejarias só no estado do Rio Grande do Sul!
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A 1ª Guerra Mundial não trouxe grandes alterações ao panorama cervejeiro do Brasil. O facto da guerra se desenrolar principalmente na Europa e de a importação de cerveja estrangeira ser diminuta ou o u mesmo nula, fez com que não só o consumo como também a produção se mantivessem a níveis bastante elevados e em franco crescimento. Das poucas notícias que nos chegaram relativamente à influência que esta guerra teve na indústria cervejeira brasileira, há que destacar o facto da viúva Kremer, proprietária da Cervejaria Germânia, ter sentido a necessidade de alterar o nome da sua empresa para Cervejaria Americana. Para além disso, notou-se um ligeiríssimo abrandamento no lançamento de novas marcas no mercado: a Brahma surgiu com a Carioca, a Fidalga, a Suprema e a Malzbier e a Companhia Cervejaria Paulista passou a distribuir a Níger, Poker e Trust. E pouco mais há a realçar! O fim da déc décad adaa de 19 1910 10 é at atin ingi gido do ra rapi pida dame ment nte, e, se sem m qu quee ac acon onte teça çam m al alte tera raçõ ções es substanciais no tecido empresarial e no mercado cervejeiro brasileiro. Durante este período, assistiu-se à consolidação da cervejaria Brahma como a mais influente e
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fábricas e marcas, quer isso se fizesse através do lançamento de novos produtos, quer através da utilização de meios publicitários. Uma das firmas que se entregou a essa "luta" foi a Companhia Cervejaria Adriática, que anunciava nos jornais com relativa frequência. Num desses anúncios, a Adriática mencionava a entrada no mercado de 15 mil dúzias de Adriática Pilsen, Adriática Poschorr, Operária e Primor, assim como "da muito afamada Cachorrinha", todas "leves e límpidas no seu amarello-topázio". amarello-topázio ".
2ª Parte → HISTÓRI A DA CERVEJA - BRASIL - 2ª PARTE
Após uma breve resenha histórica aos primórdios da fabricação e consumo de cerveja no Brasil, importa agora debruçarmo-nos sobre as marcas que assumiram, não só, a liderança do mercado, mas também a vanguarda tecnológica. E nestas áreas há que destacar duas empresas: a Brahma e a Antarctica. Considerando que só a partir dos anos 30 do século XX se começou começou a definir com alguma alguma precisão o conceito de marca, já que, como referimos anteriormente, muitas cervejas eram lançadas para o mercado sem nome próprio, iremos fazer uma análise à história de cada uma individualmente. Deste modo e sem ter em conta nenhuma ordem em especial, começaremos pela Brahma. Como já mencionámos na primeira parte deste artigo, a Brahma foi fundada em 1888 188 8 pel pelo o imi imigra grante nte sui suiço ço Jos Joseph eph Vil Villig liger. er. A emp empres resa, a, ent então ão ins instal talada ada na Rua Visconde de Sapucaí 128, Sapucaí 128, adoptou o mesmo nom omee que um deus da Índia,, mu Índia muit ito o ve vene nera rado do ju junt nto o da dass
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marca. Após algumas fusões e aquisições já aqui enumeradas, a Brahma era, no início da década de 30, uma empresa bem estruturada e virada para o futuro. A aposta em novas tecnologias e publicidade criou uma grande afinidade entre a empresa e os consumidores, não sendo por isso de estranhar que, em 1934, fosse a Br Brah ahma ma Ch Chop opp p a ce cerv rveja eja ma mais is co cons nsum umid idaa no pa país ís.. Ne Ness ssee an ano, o, a pro produ duçã ção o alca al canç nçou ou os 30 mi milh lhõe õess de lilitr tros os de ce cerv rvej eja. a. Ary Bar Barros roso o e Bas Bastos tos Tig Tigre re compuseram a marchinha " Chopp em Garrafa" que, cantada por Orlando Silva, publicitou fortemente este produto. De facto, a Brahma Chopp era a principal marca da firma, em 1937 , ao lado de 29 tipos de cerveja e 16 tipos de refrigerante. Em 1943 é introduzida a Brahma Extra, cerveja com extrato forte e encorpado e que tinha o slogan "Extra no Sabor, Extra na Qualidade, Extra nos Ingredientes Cerveja Brahma Extra, em garrafas ou 1/2 garrafas". Para além do lançamento de novos produtos, a polít política ica de aquis aquisições ições mantinha-se mantinha-se bast bastante ante acti activa. va. Exemp Exemplo lo disso foi a compra do maior grupo cervejeiro do Rio Grande do Sul, Sul , a Bopp, Sassen, Ritter e Cia. Ltda, também conhecida por Cervejaria Continental, em 1946, que mais tarde se viria a tornar na filial Rio Grande do Sul. Esta fábrica foi, entretanto, descontinuada (1998).
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Em 1954, a empresa celebrou o seu quinquagésimo aniversário, tomando como
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do Nordeste, na cidade do Cabo - Pernambuco, que foi inaugurada em 1962. Sendo a Brahma uma empresa de capital 100% nacional e sempre preocupada em manter o padrão de qualidade dos seus produtos e a participação no desenvolvimento do país, tornava-se óbvio que a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento tecnológico não podiam ficar de fora dos seus planos. Assim, em 1968, 19 68, é inaugurada, no Rio Grande do Sul, a Estação Experimental de Cevada para testes de novas variedades de cevada cervejeira, adaptadas ao clima e solo da região. Em 1971, através da Cervejaria Astr As traa S. S.A. A.,, a co comp mpan anhi hiaa co conc ncret retiz izaa um umaa fo fort rtee al alia ianç nçaa pa para ra a fa fabri brica caçã ção o e distribuição dos seus produtos no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Brasil. A Astra tinha sido criada um ano antes pela firma J. Macêdo & Cia, em Fortaleza - CE, produzindo então uma cerveja de marca própria. Ainda nesse ano, a J. Macêdo adquire o contro con trolo lo acc accion ionári ário o da Cer Cervej vejari ariaa Mir Mirand andaa Cor Corrêa rêa,, de Man Manaus aus - AM, par para, a, de seguida, se associar à Brahma, como já atrás foi referido. Os anos 70 são marcados pela contínua
expansão
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apre ap rese sent ntar ar os pr prod odut utos os.. Lo Logo go em 72, a filial de Agudos lança a Brah Br ahma ma Ch Chop opp p e a Brahma Extra em lata de folha de flandres. É também nesse ano que chega ao mercado a garrafa "personali "perso nalizada" zada",, de vidro incolor e com o nome do produto gravado no vidro. Esta evolução iria dar origem, alguns anos mais tarde, ao lançamento da Brahma Chopp
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tenha eleito como a melhor cerveja importada dos EUA. Para aumentar a sua participação no mercado cervejeiro, a empresa adquire o controlo accionário das Cervejarias Reunidas Skol Caracu, S.A. Além da cerveja Skol, Chopp Claro Skol, da cerveja em lata Ouro Fino (destinada à exportação) e da histórica cerveja Caracu, a companhia deu continuidade à sua linha de produtos, elaborados em 7 fábricas espalhadas um pouco por todo o Brasil. Tecnologicamente avançada e com espírito empreendedor, a empresa lançou, em 1982, a Brahma Light, a primeira cerveja de baixa fermentação e baixo teor alcoólico produzida no Brasil. Em 1983, na cidade de Nova Iorque, Iorque, a Brahm Brahmaa Light concorreu com mais de 972 trabalhos internacionais e 14 brasileiros ao prémio " Clio Awards", Awards ", um dos mais prestigiados do mundo publicitário, tendo arrebatado o primeiro lugar. Mas como nem só de publicidade vive uma empresa, importando igualmente a qualidade dos seus produtos e a atenção que dá à satisfação das necessida neces sidades des dos seus consu consumidores midores,, foii in fo intr trodu oduzi zida da,, em 19 1984, 84, a Ma Malt lt 90 90,, apresentada
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Jacareí , São Paulo. Acompanhando a evolução do mercado e preocupada com o meio ambiente, a Brahma lançou igualmente o "Projecto Brahma para Reciclagem", introduzindo então a embalagem em lata de alumínio para a Brahma Chopp e também a embalagem descartável de 300ml para a Malt 90. O final da década fica fortemente marcado pela aquisição da Companhia Cervejaria Brahma pelo Grupo Garantia, iniciando-se então um período de reestruturação e construção de novas fábricas, como por exemplo a da Cervejaria Equatorial, em São Luis, Luis, Maranhão. A ent entra rada da na úl últi tima ma dé déca cada da do sé sécu culo lo pa pass ssad ado o fe fezz-se se,, po pois is,, co com m ex exce cele lent ntes es perspectivas no futuro e com um espírito cada vez mais empreendedor. Deste modo, institui-se em 1991 o Serviço ao Consumidor Brahma, Brahma , junto com o Código de Defesa do Consumidor, ambos visando garant gar antir ir apo apoio io e sat satisf isfaçã ação o aos cli client entes. es. Dur Durant antee o ano de 1992 inicia-se o esforço de exportação da Brahma Chopp para a Argentina onde, ao final do primeiro ano, se torna a cerveja nº 1 en entr tree as im impor porta tada das. s. Co Como mo co cons nseq equên uênci cia, a, to torn rnaa-se se necessário ampliar algumas fábricas, o que acontece com a Cebrasp. 1994 é um ano de mudanças e conquistas. A Administração Central da companhia sai do Rio de Ja Jane neir iro o e in inst stal alaa-se se em Sã São o Pa Paul ulo, o, ci cida dade de on onde de ai aind ndaa ho hoje je se en enco cont ntra ra.. Relati Rel ativam vament entee às con conqui quista stas, s, tem temos os a inc incorpo orporaç ração ão da Com Compan panhia hia Ano Anonim nimaa
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Draft passa a ser fabricada pela Cebrasp e distribuída pela rede Exclusivas Brahma. A partir desse ano, o 0800 foi divulgado em todas as embalagens dos produtos e o consumidor também pôde optar pelo atendimento via carta e, desde Junho, via Internet. A companhia foi a primeira empresa de bebidas a oferecer esse serviço via Internet ao consumidor mantendo, inclusive, contacto com consumidores de outros out ros paí países ses.. As perg pergunt untas as e sug sugest estões ões dos con consum sumido idores res gera geraram ram alg alguma umass muda mu danç nças as de pr proc oces esso soss e co cont ntri ribu buír íram am pa para ra o de dese senv nvol olvi vime ment nto o de no nova vass embalagens como a Malzbier long neck. Reforçando o seu carácter moderno, a empresa lança no mercado as novas embalagens long neck e lata com 355ml, já quee es qu esse se é o pa padr drão ão in inte tern rnac acio iona nall de em emba bala lage gens ns de desc scar artá táve veis is.. Pa Para ra da darr continuidade a essa modernidade e atender às necessidades do consumidor, a Malzbier Brahma, lançada em 1945, sofre uma modificação visual no seu rótulo e também entra no mercado com a embalagem long neck na versão 355ml. Os úl últi timo moss de dezz an anos os co cont ntin inua uara ram m a se serr de cr cres esci cime ment nto, o, pe pelo lo qu que, e, mu muit ito o naturalmente, se tomou a decisão de expandir o parque fabril. No início de 1996 é inaugurada a Filial Rio de Janeiro, no bairro de Campo Grande - RJ. Trata-se da maior fábrica de cerveja da América Latina, com capacidade de produção de 12 milhões de hectolitros por ano. É igualmente iniciada a construção de mais 2 unidades fabris: uma em Viamão - Rio Grande do Sul e outra correspondente à
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Já em 2006, surge o Chopp Brahma Black. Trata-se de um chopp estilo Lager, escuro, com adicção de nitrogénio, o que torna a bebida mais leve e com uma espuma muito mais estável e cremosa. Nota: alguma alguma da informação informação aqui contida foi desen desenvolvi volvida da com base no excelente site Cervisiafilia Cervisiafilia,, local que desde já o convidamos a visitar.
3ª Parte → HISTÓRI A DA CERVEJA - BRASIL - 3ª PARTE
A história da Antarctica desenvolveu-se a par da da Brahma. Após os primeiros anos an os de al algu guma ma in indef defin iniç ição ão e de co cont ntín ínua uass mu muda danç nças as,, a fi firm rmaa es esta tabi bililizo zou, u, tornand torn ando-s o-see num numaa das mai maiores ores emp empres resas as bra brasil sileira eirass do sec sector tor das beb bebida idas. s. A última grande convulsão terá acontecido em 1940, ano em que os proprietários da Companhia Antárctica Paulista, Antonio e Helena Zerrener, alemães de nascença, faleceram
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fábrica adjacente. Infelizmente, esse prédio encontra-se vazio e abandonado desde 1989. Em 1960, a Antarctica celebrou 75 anos de história possuindo, por essa altura, uma capacidad adee
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Cerveja Cerv ejaria ria Boh Bohemi emiaa, pro rod dutora da exce ex cele lent ntee e mu muit ito o an anti tiga ga cer erve veja ja Bohe Bo hemi miaa e ta tamb mbém ém do Gu Guar aran anáá Pe Petr tróp ópol olis is,, gr gran ande de co conc ncor orren rente te do Gu Guar aran anáá Antarctica. Para eliminar esse foco de competição, a Antarctica adquiriu o controlo accionário da cervejaria Bohemia, marca essa que ainda hoje faz parte do portefolio da AmB AmBev. ev. Com as con consta stante ntess aqu aquis isiçõ ições, es, a Ant Antarc arctic ticaa tin tinhaha-se se tor tornad nado o num gigante industrial, sempre atento a novas oportunidades de mercado e a tendências de consumo. Pelo caminho, outras empresas iam ficando sob a sua alçada, casos da Polar, próspera empresa do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, ou da Cerman, da
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Antarctica, com sede em Joinville, Estado Estado de Santa Catarina, Catarina, que passou a operar a partir de Abril de 1973, com a incorporação das unidades de Ponta Grossa e Curitiba; b) Cervejaria Antarctica Niger S/A, de Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo, resultante da fusão, no mesmo ano, da Cervejaria Antarctica de Ribeirão Preto S/A, com a Cervejaria Níger S/A; c) Indústria de Bebidas Antarctica do Rio de Janeiro S/A, resultante da Fusão da Cervejaria Antarctica da Guanabara Ltda, com a Companhia Cervejaria Bohemia, de Petrópolis. A entrada na década de 70 é, pois, feita em grande, com mais uma mão cheia de aquisições e inaugurações. Assim, a Antarctica adquire ainda a Cervejaria Pérola de Caxias do Sul - RS e a Companhia Itacolomy de Pirapora - MG. Por curiosidade, refira-se que a produção da cervejaria em Pirapora foi estrategicamente transferida e centralizada, em 1998/99, na cidade de Jacarepaguá - RJ. No ano de 73 são também constituídas novas filiais em Goiânia - GO, Montenegro - RS, Rio de Janeiro - RJ e Viana - ES e nos anos segu se guin inte tess sã são o in inau augu gura rada dass as fi fililiai aiss no Ri Rio o Gr Gran ande de do Su Sull e Teresina Teresina.. O desenvolvimento exponencial da firma foi também acompanhado por um crescente interesse no campo científico e tecnológico. Para isso, a Antarctica decidiu ampliar a sua maltaria, situada em São Paulo, adquirindo, ao mesmo tempo, uma área de 14,32 hectares em Paulo de Frontin - PR, destinada à pesquisa e experimentação agrícolas com a cevada cervejeira.
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na produção de bebidas, não sendo de estranhar o valor de 16,4 milhões de hectolitros/ano atingido em 1980. Para conseguir igualar a procura, foi necesssário a compra de mais fábricas e a abertura de novas filiais. É assim adquirida, ainda em 1980, a Cervejaria Serramalte, com as suas fábricas de Getúlio Vargas e Feliz RS. Esta companhia, fundada em 1953, tinha como origem a Cervejaria Ruschel, fundad fun dadaa por Vic Victor tor Rus Rusche chell ten tendo, do, pos poster terior iormen mente, te, pas passad sado o a des design ignar-s ar-see por Cervejaria Polka, até chegar ao nome de Cervejaria e Maltaria da Serra, Ltda. (Ser (S erra rama malt lte). e). Ao lo long ngo o dos an anos os,, ap apres resen ento tou u um umaa ev evol oluç ução ão ex extr trao aord rdin inár ária ia,, cotando-se mesmo como uma das maiores da região e do estado e uma das principais do ramo no país. Do início das suas actividades até 1957, a indústria funcionou apenas com o sector da maltaria, sendo que a venda da sua produção se limitava às regiões Central e Norte do país, enquanto era construída e montada a cervejaria. A 24 de Junho de 1957, foi lançada a primeira cervej cervejaa Serram Serramalte alte
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Companhia Cervejaria Brahma, daí resultando a colossal AmBev, à qual voltaremos mais tarde. Entretanto, a Antarctica comemorou já o seu centésimo aniversário, tendo lançado para o efeito uma garrafa comemorativa. comemorativa. Tendo feito uma breve resenha do historial das duas mais importantes companhias cerv ce rvej ejei eira rass do Br Bras asilil,, a Br Brah ahma ma e a An Anta tarc rcti tica ca,, nã não o é me meno noss im impo port rtan ante te debruçarmo-nos um pouco sobre as restantes empresas que, quer hoje quer no passado, ajudaram a moldar o mercado de cervejas deste país. Deste modo temos: Belco - A Cervejaria Belco foi fundada em 1983 em Botucatu - SP. A empresa foi instalada onde antes funcionava a Belgium Co., uma cooperativa de produção que reun re unia ia os re rema mane nesc scen ente tess da co colo loni niza zaçã ção o be belg lgaa na re regi gião ão.. A formulação do nome veio naturalmente, com a junção das sílabas inic in icia iais is da co coop opera erati tiva va.. A pr prim imei eira ra un unid idad adee de pro produ duçã ção o ti tinh nhaa capacidade para produzir 3600 hectolitros/ano, comercializados em
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inicial de Indústria e Comércio de Bebidas Cristalina Ltda, a empresa foi ganhando a preferência dos consumidores. Em 1960, ainda fabricando somente refrigerantes, a distr distribuiç ibuição ão já atin atingia gia as cida cidades des mais próxi próximas. mas. Procurando Procurando sempre expandir expandir a área ár ea de ve vend ndaa do doss se seus us pr prod odut utos os,, a co comp mpan anhi hiaa or orga gani nizo zou u um qu quad adro ro de distribuidores nas cidades da região, como Presidente Prudente, Marília, Bauru, Tupã e Londri Londrina, na, a fim de ampl ampliar iar a comer comercial cializaçã ização o dos produtos Cristalina. Cristalina. Essa medida triplicou as vendas da empresa no período de um ano. Mantendo o crescimento constante com acções de merchandising e prom pr omoç oçõe ões, s, ra rapi pida dame ment ntee se ch chego egou u à ma marc rcaa de 30. 30.00 000 0 lilitr tros os produzidos por dia em 1980. Em 1984, com o lançamento comercial do Cho Chopp pp Mal Malta ta (36 (3600 00 lit litros/ ros/mês mês), ), ini inicia ciavava-se se uma nova fas fasee da emp empres resa. a. O começo da década de 90 é marcado pela estreia da nova Malta. No período seguinte, deve-se destacar o constante avanço tecnológico da firma, acompanhado
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Pils Pi lsen en,, Pr Prem emiu ium m e Ma Malz lzbi bier er e ta tamb mbém ém ve vers rsõe õess em ch chope ope cl clar aro o e es escu curo. ro. A Petrópolis também inovou ao adoptar o selo higiénico, que é uma folha fina de alumínio que cobre a parte superior da lata e que tem de ser retirada para permitir a abertura da mesma. Cintra - Em 1997, o grupo empresarial de origem portuguesa Cintra Cintra,, lança-se no mercado de cervejas brasileiro. Com actuação em áreas tão diferentes como o petróleo, petról eo, imobiliária, imobiliária, energias energias renováveis ou águas minerais, minerais, a companhia viu uma hipótese de negócio a partir da aquisição de uma fábrica de cerveja situada em Mogi-Mirim - SP, antes pertença da Ka Kais iser. er. Com uma ca capa paci cida dade de de pro produ duçã ção o de pe perto rto de 15 150 0 milhões de litros de cerveja por ano só na unidade de Mogi-Mirim, o grupo Cintra prevê continuar a crescer no Brasil, não só através do lançamento de novos produtos mas também apostando no aumento da capacidade de produção
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surgimento surgim ento da Cervej Cervejaria aria Conti Conti,, qu quee ai aind ndaa du dura rant ntee o pr prim imei eiro ro an ano o in inic icio iou u a produção da cerveja Conti. A fábrica, com uma capacidade de produção de 300 mil hectolitros/ano, produz actualmente a Conti Bier, a Conti Malzbier e o Chopp Conti. Eisenbahn/ Eisen bahn/Cerveja Cervejaria ria Sudbrack - A Sudbr Sudbrack, ack, de Blumen Blumenau au - SC, é uma empresa bastante recente no mercado de cervejas brasileiro. Criada em 2002, surgiu devido ao descontentamento de alguns empresários do sector pela forma como estava a evoluir o mercado de cervejas do país. De facto, cada vez mais se faz chopp e cervej cer vejas as do tip tipo o pil pilsen sen,, esq esquec uecend endo-s o-see os out outros ros tip tipos os tra tradic dicion ionais ais de cer cervej vejaa originários da Europa. Apostando num experiente mestre cervejeiro e seguindo a Reinheitsgebot, a Lei Alemã da Pureza, criaram a Eisenbahn qu quee po pode, de, ho hoje je em di dia, a, se serr de degu gust stad adaa so sob b mu muit itas as form fo rmas as:: Du Dunk nkel el,, Ko Kols lsch ch,, Pa Pale le Al Ale, e, Pi Pils lsen en,, Pi Pils lsen en Or Orgâ gâni nica ca,, Weihna Wei hnacht chtss Ale Wei Weizen zenbie bier, r, Wei Weizenb zenbock ock Rau Rauchb chbier, ier, Bie Bierli rlikor kor e, cla claro, ro, Cho Chopp. pp.
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Guitt' Gui tt's/R s/Refr efrige igeran rantes tes Con Conven venção ção - A Gui Guitt' tt's, s, cri criada ada em 2001 pel pelos os Refrigerantes Convenção, é uma nova aposta desta empresa e resulta num investimento que permitiu criar na cervejaria uma capacidade instalada suficiente para produzir 300 mil hectolitros anuais. Localizada em Caieiras - SP, a firma produz a Guitt's Pilsen e a Guitt's Malzbier. E porquê Convenção? Em 18 de abril de 1873, um encontro denominado “Convenção de Itu”, reuniu um grupo de paulistas partidários do derrube do regime monárquico. Eram, na sua
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Em 1986, a marca Kaiser já estava em Goiás, na região de Brasília e Mato Grosso. Depois, em Setembro de 87, foi criada uma nova unidade em São Paulo, na cidade de Jacareí, o que reforçou o abastecimento na região. O crescimento da companhia fez-s fez -see tam também bém atr atravé avéss de aqu aquisi isiçõe çõess e lan lançam çament ento o de nov novos os pro produt dutos, os, com como o aconteceu com a compra da marca Xingú, da Cervejaria Independente Lda., de Toledo – PR e o aparecimento de uma nova marca de cerveja pilsen
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absoluto entre os habitantes locais e os turistas e visitantes do "circuito das águas". No início dos anos 80, ainda sob o comando dos Mantovani, a empresa foi vendida a um grupo de empresários paulistas. O início da produção de cerveja resultou do facto desses empresários terem sentido a necessidade de lançar um novo produto no mercado. A Krill teve então algum sucesso e, com ele, tornou-se evidente a necessidade de se efectuarem mais investimentos. No início de 1996, a empresa ão
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produzir mais de 10,8 milhões de garrafas de 600ml por mês, com perspectiva de ampliar para mais de 24 milhões/mês na 2ª fase (já em andamento). Actualmente, a empresa possui uma rede de 60 distribuidores, estando presente em mais de 250 mil postos de venda e em cinco estados diferentes: Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Espírito Santo e São Paulo. Do seu portefolio fazem parte a Ale, a Bock, a Dortmunder, a Ice, a Malzbier, a Munchen, a Weissbier, a Porter, a Stout e a Pilsen Schincariol - A história da
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Nobel. Foi assim que a marca se expandiu para outras praças no Nordeste, como Mace Ma ceió ió e Sa Salv lvad ador or.. Es Este te pr proc oces esso so de ex expa pans nsão ão ga ganh nhou ou ma mais is fo forç rçaa co com m a comercialização de Nobel no interior do Estado da Bahia, em Aracaju (SE), Natal (RN) e João Pessoa (PB). Em Abril e Maio do mesmo ano, a Nobel também começou a ser comercializada em Fortaleza (CE), Teresina (PI) e em São Luís (MA), onde a cerveja só foi vendida em supermercados e hipermercados. Em São Paulo, na capital e em algumas cidades do interior, a Nobel pode ser encontrada na rede Pão
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