TUGAS FARMASI INDUSTRI TABLET SALUT GULA
KELAS: C KELOMPOK: 5 ANGGOTA: Sulistyo Raharjo (20100012!" Ta#itha Ta#itha Nurlita Nurlit a (20100012$" Ta%i Ta%i &i'a Pratii (20100012)" Tjo*+, La-y (2010001.0" /i-ya &ha%%a Putri (2010001.1" /iliya Costia+*+,sih (2010001.2" /illy A+-ria-y (2010001.."
PROGRAM STUDI PROFESI APOTEKER FAKULTAS FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS PANCASILA JAKARTA 2016
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Pyrath Pyrathiai iai+* +* th*ol th*olat* at* #*'*rja #*'*rja s*ara s*ara s*+tra s*+trall %*+,ha %*+,ha%#a %#att i%uls i%uls r*3l*4 r*3l*4 %u+tah -iusat a-a Ch*%or**tor tri,,*r o+* PiriPiri-o' o'si+ si+ ya+, ya+, ol*h ol*h 6irh 6irh -a+ -a+ 'aa 'aa+7 +7'a 'aa a+ + -i+a -i+a%a %a'a+ 'a+ 8ita% 8ita%i+ i+ 6 -it*%u'a+ 'ira7'ira 90 tahu+ ya+, lalu K*'ura+,a+ 8ita%i+ i+i -aat %*+y*#a#'a+ ti%#ul ti%#ul+ya +ya -*r%at -*r%atitis itis a-a a-a h*a+ h*a+ *ro# *ro#aa+ aa+ Su%#*r Su%#*r+ya +ya a-alah a-alah ra,i ra,i #iji7# #iji7#ijia ijia+ + (,a+-u% ja,u+, -a+ lai+7lai+" -a+ hati &ala% ala% 8ita%i+ i+i t*r-aat -ala% ti,a #*+tu'yaitu iri-o'si+ ya+, #*rasal -ari tu%#uh7tu%#uha+ s*rta iri-o'sal -a+ iri-o'sa%i+ ya+, t*ruta%a #*rasal -ari h*a+ K*ti,a #*+tu' iri-o'si+ t*rs*#ut -ala% tu#uh -aat -iu#ah %*+ja-i iri-o'sal 3os3at Pyrathiai+* th*olat* -a+ iri-o'si+ ;Cl %*rua'a+ o#at ya+, %*%ili'i rasa sa+,at ahit ol*h 'ar*+a itu -i*rlu'a+ #*+tu' s*-iaa+ ya+, -aat %*+utui rasa ahit t*rs*#ut Ta#l*t salut ,ula %*rua'a+ salah satu #*+tu' s*-iaa+ ya+, -aat %*+utui rasa ahit s*lai+ itu ta#l*t salut ,ula ju,a -aat -aat %*li+-u+,i at a'ti3 -ari -ari r*a'si r*a'si ya+, ya+, ti-a' ti-a' -ii+,i -ii+,i+'a +'a+ + Ta#l*t a#l*t salut salut ,ula ,ula ju,a ju,a %*%ili' %*%ili'ii '*u+,, '*u+,,ula ula+ + -i#a+-i+,'a+ -*+,a+ #*+tu' s*-iaa+ lai+ yaitu ra'tis -ala% *+,,u+aa+ %u-ah -i#aa %u-ah -isi%a+ -a+ l*#ih sta#il s*ara 3isi' s*rta %*li+-u+,i -ari *+,aruh li+,'u+,a+ s**rti u-ara ahaya -a+ '*l*%#a#a+
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A TA6LET SAL
,ula? %*rua'a+ istilah ,*+*ri' ya+, -aat %*%#*ri '*%u+,'i+a+ %*%*ri'a+ #*r#a,ai #aha+ %*+tah A'a+ t*tai salut ,ula t*ruta%a %*+,,u+a'a+ su'rosa 'ar*+a su'rosa %*rua'a+ satu -ari s*-i'it #aha+ ya+, -aat %*+,hasil'a+ *+yalut ya+, lii+ #*r%utu ti+,,i a-a -asar+ya '*ri+, -a+ #*#as l*'at a-a a'hir ros*s Ta#l*t %*+,ala%i *+yaluta+ u+tu' #*r#a,ai alasa+ a+tara lai+ %*li+-u+,i at a'ti3 -ari u-ara l*%#a atau ahaya %*+utui rasa -a+ #au ya+, ti-a' *+a' s*rta %*%#uat *+a%ila+ ta#l*t ya+, l*#ih #ai' -a+ %*+ari' P*%#uata+ ta#l*t salut %*%#utuh'a+ a'tu ya+, a+ja+, -a+ *+*r,i l*#ih #*sar s*rta #iaya ya+, l*#ih %ahal #a+ya' alasa+ ya+, %*+y*#a#'a+ *+yaluta+ %*+ja-i sa+,at *+ti+, -a+ ti-a' -aat -ihi+-ari 2 K*u+tu+,a+ a 6aha+ %*+tah ti-a' %ahal -a+ %u-ah t*rs*-ia # 6aha+ %*+tah %u-ah -it*ri%a s*ara la+,su+, -*+,a+ s*-i'it %asalah *ratura+ (%u+,'i+ -*+,a+ *+,*ualia+ at *ar+a" Pros*s ti-a' %ahal alat s*-*rha+a -aat -i,u+a'a+ - Pro-u' salut ,ula %*+y*+a+,'a+ s*ara *st*ti' -a+ -aat -it*ri%a ol*h 'o+su%*+ ya+, luas A'a+ t*tai ros*s salut ,ula ju,a %*%ili'i '*'ura+,a+ yaitu: . K*ru,ia+ a <'ura+ -a+ #o#ot ro-u' ja-i %*+,a'i#at'a+ *+i+,'ata+ #iaya *+,*%asa+ -a+ *+,iri%a+
# K*rauha+ *+yalut ya+, %*%#uat ta#l*t ya+, -isalut r*+ta+ t*rha-a '*rusa'a+ ya+, %u+,'i+ t*rja-i ji'a salah -ita+,a+i P*+aaia+ %utu *st*ti' ya+, ti+,,i s*ri+, %*%*rlu'a+ jasa o*rator *+yalut -*+,a+ '*t*ra%ila+ %*+yalut ya+, ti+,,i - P*+,'ilaa+ a'hir ya+, -iaai -*+,a+ suatu taha *%ol*sa+ -aat %*%#uat *+*ta'a+ %*+ja-i sulit * K*ru%ita+ ros*-ur 3or%ulasi -a+ ros*s %*%#uat oto%atisasi l*#ih sulit 9 @or%ulasi s*-iaa+ ta#l*t salut ,ula Pros*s salut ,ula t*r-iri atas #*r#a,ai taha -a+ tia taha -ira+a+, u+tu' %*+aai 3u+,si t*rt*+tu A'i#at+ya #*r%aa%7 %aa% #aha+ ta%#aha+ -aat -i%asu''a+ '* -ala% tia ti* 3or%ulasi Co+toh #aha+ ta%#aha+ ya+, -i,u+a'a+ a-alah: a P*+,isi: 'alsiu% 'ar#o+at tal' tita+iu% -io'si-a # P*ar+a: *ar+a larut air la' alu%i+iu% #*si o'si-a tita+iu% o'si-a P*%#*+tu' salut s*laut: ,o% ara# ,*lati+ s*+yaa s*lulosa - A+tia-h*si: tal' * P*+a%#ah rasa 3 Sur3a'ta+ (s*#a,ai at *%#asah -a+ *%#a+tu -is*rsi" 5 Pros*s *+yaluta+ ,ula Pros*s *+yaluta+ ,ula ya+, 'has %*liuti tujuh taha uta%a yaitu: a P*+y*,*la+ ( sealing " Salut s*,*l -it*ra'a+ la+,su+, a-a i+ti ta#l*t u+tu' %a'su%*%isah'a+ i+,r*-i*+t ta#l*t (t*ruta%a at a'ti3" -ari air (ya+, %*rua'a+ 'o+stitu*+ uta%a -ari 3or%ulasi *+yalut" u+tu' %*%asti'a+ sta#ilitas ro-u' ya+, #ai' i'a *r%u'aa+ i+ti ti-a' -ili+-u+,i -*+,a+ #ai' sta#ilitas ro-u' ja-i (3isi'a -a+ 'i%ia" -aat rusa' Ma'su- *+y*,*la+ a-alah %*%#*ri'a+ *rli+-u+,a+ aal -a+ %*+*,ah i+,r*-i*+t ta#l*t i+ti #*r%i,rasi '* -ala% *+yalut -a+ a'hir+ya %*rusa' *+a%ila+ ro-u' ja-i P*+y*,*la+ -ila'u'a+ -*+,a+ %*+*ra'a+ salut #*r#asis oli%*r -*+,a+ %*+,,u+a'a+ s*+-o' tua+, #*sar (ladle" -ala% a+i atau t*'+i' s*%rot a-a *r%u'aa+ ta#l*t A-a #*#*raa oli%*r ya+, -aat
-i,u+a'a+
s*#a,ai
*+yalut
s*,*l
%isal+ya:
hi-ro'siroil%*til s*lulosa oli8i+il as*tat 3talat s*lulosa 3talat as*tat # P*+yaluta+ -asar ( subcoating " P*+yaluta+ -asar a-alah taha i+ti *rta%a -ari ros*s salut ,ula ya+, %*%#ulat'a+ i+,,ira+ ta#l*t -a+ %*+a%#ah #o#ot i+ti Salut -asar ju,a %*%#uat o+-asi u+tu' ros*s salut ,ula ya+, %asih a'a+ -ila'u'a+ @or%ulasi salut -asar ha%*r s*lalu %*+,a+-u+, *+,isi -ala% 'o+s*+trasi ti+,,i S*lai+ itu *%#*+tu' 3il% ju,a -aat -i%asu''a+ ,u+a %*+y*%ur+a'a+ '*utuha+ stru'tur salut A-a -ua *+-*'ata+ uta%a a-a ros*s *+yaluta+ -asar ya'+i ros*s la%i+asi -a+ 3or%ulasi sus*+si salut -asar P*%#*sara+ ( grossing " P*rsyarata+ '*lii+a+ -aat -iaai s*la%a *+*raa+ salut -asar ros*s *lii+a+ la+jut #iasa+ya ti-a' -ila'u'a+ la,i Salut *lia+ s*-*rha+a t*r-iri atas siro su'rosa !0B -a+ s*ri+, %*+,a+-u+, tita+iu% -io'si-a (175B" s*#a,ai opacifier -a+ %u+,'i+ -i#*ri'a+ *ar+a lai+ ,u+a %*%#*ri'a+ suatu -asar ya+, #ai' u+tu' *+*raa+ salut ar+a #*ri'ut+ya i'a -i*rlu'a+ *lii+a+ -ala% ju%lah #*sar at ta%#aha+ lai+ (s**rti: tal' 'alsiu% 'ar#o+at -a+ ati ja,u+," -aat -i,u+a'a+ -ala% 'o+s*+trasi r*+-ah u+tu' %*%*r*at ros*s *lii+a+ - P*lii+a+ *r%u'aa+ ( smoothing " * P*+yaluta+ ar+a (color coating " P*ar+a ya+, s*suai -ilarut'a+ atau -i-is*rsi'a+ -ala% siro *+yalut u+tu' %*+-aat'a+ ar+a ya+, -ii+,i+'a+ A-a -ua *+-*'ata+ -asar u+tu' %*ar+ai siro salut ,ula %asi+,7%asi+, -*+,a+ t*'+i' *+yaluta+ ya+, #*r#*-a K*-ua *+-*'ata+ i+i %*liuti *+,,u+aa+ at *at+a larut air atau i,%*+ ti-a' larut air 3 P*%ol*sa+ ( polishing " P*+,ilaa+ atau *%ol*sa+ -aat -ila'u'a+ %*+,,u+a'a+ #*r#a,ai ti* *rlata+ t*r%asu' *ralata+ ya+, -i,u+a'a+ u+tu'
*+*raa+ salut ,ula itu s*+-iri (ya+, l*#ih 'has -ala% ros*s ya+, -ioto%atis'a+ Syst*% *%ol*sa+ ya+, -aat -i,u+a'a+ %*liuti: 1" Laruta+ %ala% #*r#asis *larut or,a+i 2" 6u#ur %ala% -ala% alohol ." Ca%ura+ #*r#a,ai %ala% '*ri+, ya+, -is*r#u' halus 9" P*r+is 3ar%as*ti' (s*ara 'has %*rua'a+ laruta+ alohol -ari #*r#a,ai #*+tu' s*la' s*ri+, %*+,a+-u+, %ala% ta%#aha+" , P*+*ta'a+ a ( printing " P*+*ta'a+ a (*+st*%*la+" %*liuti *+*raa+ ti+ta #*ra 3ar%as*ti' a-a *r%u'aa+ ta#l*t ya+, -isalut -*+,a+ suatu ros*s *+st*%*la+ ya+, -i'*+al s*#a,ai offset rotogravure Ta#l*t salut
,ula
-aat -ist*%*l s*#*lu% atau s*su-ah
*%ol*sa+ P*+st*%*la+ s*#*lu% *%ol*sa+ %*%u+,'i+'a+ ti+ta %*l*'at l*#ih 'uat a-a *r%u'aa+ ta#l*t t*tai tulisa+ -aat hila+, 'ar*+a,*s*'a+ atau s*+tuha+ *larut or,a+i's*la%a ros*s
*%ol*sa+
P*+st*%*la+
s*t*lah
*%ol*sa+
-aat
%*+,hi+-ari %asalah *+,,oso'a+ a s*la%a *%ol*sa+ t*tai ti+ta ti-a' s*lalu %*l*'at -*+,a+ #ai' a-a *r%u'aa+ta#l*t ya+, -ilaisi %ala% 6 &ATA PRE@ORM
#a,ia+ al'ohol 1:5 as*to+ -a+ 1:20 'loro3or% K*,u+aa+ : s*#a,ai at a'ti3 Sta#ilitas : Ti-a' sta#il t*rha-a u-ara -a+ ahaya =+'o%ati#ilitas : P*+,o'si-asi 'uat #asa 'uat Khasiat : A+ti*%*ti &osis : 257100 %, *rhari /a-ah : &ala% a-ah t*rtutu raat -a+ ti-a' t*%#us
2 Piri-o'si+ ;Cl a P*%*ria+
: ;a#lur atau s*r#u' ha#lur utih atau ha%ir
utih atau Kristal utih -*+,a+ s*-i'it rasa ahit
# K*laruta+
: Mu-ah larut -ala% air su'ar larut -ala%
*ta+ol ti-a' larut -ala% *t*r Laruta+ %*%u+yai ; 'ura+, -ari - * 3 ,
. K*,u+aa+ Sta#ilitas =+'o%ati#ilitas Khasiat &osis
: s*#a,ai at a'ti3 : Ti-a' sta#il t*rha-a ahaya : 6asa al'ali ,ara% #*si -a+ at *+,o'si-asi : A+*%ia -a+ -i3*si*+si Pyri-o4i+* : 507150 %, *rhari u+tu' a+*%ia atau 1007200
%, u+tu' -i3*si*+si Pyri-o4i+i* h /a-ah : &ala% a-ah t*rtutu raat -a+ ti-a' t*%#us ahaya .
Avicel PH 102
a Si+o+i%
: A8i*l P; *llulos* ,*l rystalli+* *llulos*
Phar%a*ll Ta#ulos* @i#ro*l # Ru%us %ol*'ul
: DC ;10O5+ -i%a+a +F220
6o#ot %ol*'ul
: .000
- P*%*ria+
: Putih ti-a' #*r#au ti-a' #*rasa s*r#u'
'ristali+ ya+, %*+,a+-u+, arti'*l #*rori * K*laruta+
: S*-i'it larut -ala% 5B #H8 laruta+ NaO;
ra'tis ti-a' larut -ala% air -a+ '*#a+ya'a+ *larut or,a+i 3
K*,u+aa+
: P*+,isi
, =+'o%ati#ilitas
: =+'o%ati#*l -*+,a+ o'si-ator 'uat
h Sta#ilitas
: Sta#il
i
: &ala% a-ah t*rtutu raat -it*%at ya+,
/a-ah s*ju' -a+ '*ri+,
9 A%ilu% a P*%*ria+
: Ti-a' #*r#au -a+ ti-a' #*rasa s*r#u' halus
-a+ utih # K*laruta+
: Pra'tis ti-a' larut -ala% *ta+ol )5B -i+,i+
-a+ air -i+,i+ Larut -ala% air a+as Sta#ilitas : A%ilu% -ala% '*a-aa+ '*ri+, -a+ ti-a' -ia+as'a+ sta#il ji'a t*rli+-u+, -ari '*l*%#a#a+ ti+,,i - =+'o%ati#ilitas : =+'o%ati#*l -*+,a+ *+,o'si-asi 'uat -a+ lu#ri'a+ st*arat #asa * K*,u+aa+ : P*+,ha+ur
3
/a-ah
: ;arus -isi%a+ -ala% a-ah '*-a u-ara
a-a t*%at '*ri+, -a+ s*ju' 5 Asa% St*arat a P*%*ria+
: K*ras #*rar+a utih atau a,a' 'u+i+,
a,a' %*+,'ila 'ristal a-at atau #u#u' utih atau '*'u+i+,a+ %*%ili'i ar+a s*-i'it # K*laruta+
: Pra'tis ti-a' larut -ala% air %u-ah larut
-ala% #*+*+* 'ar#o+ t*tra'lori-a 'loro3or% -a+ -ala% *t*r Larut -ala% *ta+ol )5B Sta#ilitas : M*rua'a+ #aha+ ya+, sta#il - =+'o%ati#ilitas : =+'o%ati#*l -*+,a+ lo,a% hi-ro'si-a #asa -a+ o'si-ator * K*,u+aa+ 3 Ko+s*+trasi , /a-ah
: P*li+irHLu#ri'a+ : 17.B : &ala% a-ah t*rtutu raat -a+ t*%at s*ju'
Koloi-al Sili'o+ &io'sia Si+o+i%
: A*rosil olloi-al silia 3u%*- silio+ -io4i-*
silii a+hy-ri-* # 6o#ot %ol*'ul
: 00$
P*%*ria+
: S*r#u' 'ristali+ ya+, %*+,a+-u+, arti'*l
#*rori ti-a' #*r#au ti-a' #*rasa - K*laruta+
: Pra'tis ti-a' larut -ala% *larut or,a+i' air
larut -ala% laruta+ a+as al'ali hi-ro'si-a * K*,u+aa+
: Gli-a+
3
: 5720B
Ko+s*+trasi
, =+'o%ati#ilitas
: =+'o%ati#*l -*+,a+ a,*+ *+,o'si-asi 'uat
h Sta#ilitas
: ;i,ros'ois
i
: &ala% a-ah t*rtutu raat -i t*%at s*ju'
/a-ah -a+ '*ri+,
! S
: ;a#lur utih atau ti-a' #*rar+a %assa
ha#lur atau #*r#*+tu' 'u#us atau s*r#u' ha#lur utih ti-a' #*r#au rasa %a+is sta#il -i u-ara
# K*laruta+
: Sa+,at %u-ah larut -ala% air l*#ih %u-ah
larut -ala% air %*+-i-ih su'ar larut -ala% *ta+ol ti-a' larut -ala% 'loro3or% -a+ -ala% *t*r Sta#ilitas : Sta#il a-a
t*%*ratur
rua+,a+
-a+
'*l*%#a#a+ s*-a+, M*%#*+tu' ara%*l '*ti'a -ia+as'a+ -iatas 10 OC Pa-a suhu 110 OC 7 195 OC %*+,ala%i i+8*rsi %*+ja-i -*'strosa -a+ 3ru'tosa - =+'o%ati#ilitas : S*r#u' su'rosa %u+,'i+ saja t*r'o+ta%i+asi -*+,a+ lo,a% #*rat ya+, -aat %*+ja-i i+'o%ati#*l -*+,a+ #aha+ *+olo+, s**rti asa% as'or#at Su'rosa ju,a %u+,'i+ saja t*r'o+ta%i+asi sul3it
a-a 'o+s*+trasi ti+,,i %*+*y*#a#'a+
*ru#aha+ ar+a saat *+yaluta+ ta#l*t * K*,u+aa+ : P*+yalut 3 /a-ah : /a-ah t*rtutu #ai' $ Phar%aoat )09 (;PMC" a P*%*ria+ : S*r#u' utih ti-a' #*r#au -a+ ti-a' %*%ili'i rasa larut -ala% air # K*laruta+ : Larut -ala% air -i+,i+ ra'tis ti-a' larut -ala 'loro3or% *ta+ol -a+ *t*r t*tai ti-a' larut -ala% a%ura+ *ta+ol -a+ -i'loro%*ta+ -ala% a%ura+ %*ta+ol -a+ -i'loro%*ta+ -a+ a%ura+ air -a+ alohol Sta#ilitas : Sta#il -a+ harus -isi%a+ -ala% a-ah t*rtutu #ai' -it*%at s*ju' -a+ '*ri+, - =+'o%ati#ilitas : =+'o%ati#*l -*+,a+ a,*+ *+,o'si-asi ji'a +o+ io+i %a'a ti-a' a'a+ %*%#*+tu' 'o%l*'s -*+,a+ ,ara% %*tali' atau io+ or,a+i' %*+ja-i *+-aa+ ya+, ti-a' larut Ti-a' #ol*h -ia%ur -*+,a+ #aha+ ya+, %*+,a+-u+, asiri+ #*#*raa 8ita%i+ ,ara%7,ara% al'aloi- * K*,u+aa+ : *+yalut ta#l*t *+,i'at ta#l*t sta#ilii+, ta#l*t a,*+ *+i+,'at 8is'ositas 3 Ko+s*+trasi : 275B ) Malto-*'stri+ &E 10715 a K*laruta+ : Larut -ala% air s*-i'it larut -ala% *ta+ol ()5B" # Sta#ilitas : Sta#il s*la%a 1 tahu+ '*ti'a -isi%a+ a-a suhu r*+-ah (I.0JC" -a+ '*l*%#a#a+ 'ura+, -ari 50B =+'o%ati#ilitas : =+'o%ati#*l -*+,a+ a,*+ *+,o'si-asi 'uat - K*,u+aa+ : Coati+, a,*+t
* Ko+s*+trasi 3 /a-ah
: 2710 B H : S*#ai'+ya -isi%a+ -ala% a-ah t*rtutu
s*ju' -a+ '*ri+, 10 PEG 000 a P*%*ria+
: S*r#u' ya+, %u-ah %*+,alir utih #au
%a+is ya+, sa%ara Hs*-i'it # @u+,si : P*+,i'at ta#l*t lu#ri'a+ K*laruta+ : Larut -ala% air -a+ -aat #*ra%ur -ala% s*%ua roorsi -*+,a+ oli*til*+ ,li'ol lai++ya larut -ala% as*to+ -i'loro%*ta+a *ta+ol -a+ %*ta+ol a,a' su'ar larut -ala% hi-ro'ar#o+ ali3ati' -a+ *t*r ti-a' larut -ala% l*%a' 3i4*- oil -a+ %i+ya' %i+*ral - Sta#ilitas : PEG s*ara 'i%ia sta#il -i u-ara -a+ -ala% laruta+ alauu+ PEG2000 hi,ros'ois PEG ti-a' r*+ta+ t*rha-a *rtu%#uha+ %i'ro#a -a+ ti-a' %u-ah %*+ja-i t*+,i' PEG (a-at atau air" -aat -ist*rilisasi -*+,a+ auto'la3 3iltrasi atau ,a%a irasiasi St*rilisasi PEG ya+, a-at -*+,a+ *%a+asa+ a-a suhu 150JC s*la%a 1 ja% -aat %*+y*#a#'a+ o'si-asi *+,,*laa+ ar+a -a+ *%#*+tu'a+ -*,ra-asi asa% =-*al+ya st*rilisasi -ila'u'a+ a-a li+,'u+,a+ ya+, i+*rt O'si-asi PEG -aat ju,a -iha%#at -*+,a+ *+a%#aha+ a+tio'si-a+ ya+, t*at P*+yi%a+a+ -ala% #+itro,*+ -aat %*+,ura+,i '*%u+,'i+a+ t*rja-i+ya o'si-asi ;arus -isi%a+ -ala% a-ah ya+, t*rtutu #ai' a-a t*%at ya+, s*ju' -a+ '*ri+, /a-ah ya+, t*r#uat -ari stai+l*ss st**l alu%i+iu% 'aa atau li+*- st**l -iuta%'a+ u+tu' *+yi%a+a+ PEG air * =+'o%a#ilitas : PEG -ala% uju- a-at -a+ air i+'o%ati#*l -*+,a+ #*#*raa at *ar+a A'ti8itas a+ti#a't*ri -ari #*#*raa a+ti#ioti' s**rti *+isili+ -a+ #asitrasi+ #*r'ura+, -ala% #asis PEG E3*'ti8itas *+,a*t s**rti ara#*+ ju,a -aat #*r'ura+, 'ar*+a %*%#*+tu' i'ata+ -*+,a+ PEG P*ru#aha+ 3isi' ya+, t*rja-i a-a #asis PEG a-alah %*+ja-i l*#ih lu+a' atau l*#ih air -*+,a+ a-a+ya a%ura+ 3*+ol asa% ta++at -a+ asa% salisilat &aat %*+y*#a#'a+ *ru#aha+ ar+a sul3o+a%i- -a+ -itra+ol
ju,a
*+,*+-aa+
sor#itol
Plasti'
s**rti
oli*til*+
3*+ol3or%al-*hi- oli8i+il'lori-a -a+ %*%#ra+ s*lulosa -aat %+*ja-i l*#ih lu+a' atau larut -*+,a+ PEG P*ri+-aha+ PEG -aat t*rja-i -ari salut 3il% ta#l*t %*+y*#a#'a+ i+t*ra'si -*+,a+ 'o%o+*+ a-a i+ti ta#l*t 11 CaCO. a Si+o+i% : Calii Car#o+as Kaur Sto%a,*l # 6*rat Mol*'ul : 1000) Ru%us E%iris : CaCO. - P*%*ria+ : S*r#u' ha#lur utih ti-a' #*r#au ti-a' #*rasa * K*laruta+
: Pra'tis ti-a' larut -ala% air sa+,at su'ar larut
-ala% air ya+, %*+,a+-u+, 'ar#o+-io'si-a 3 K*,u+aa+ : 6aha+ *+yalut ta#l*t 12 TiO2 a P*%*ria+ : Putih a%or3 ti-a' #*r#au -a+ ti-a' #*rasa #u#u' +o+ hi,ros'ois # Titi' l*#ur : 1$9. C Titi' -i-ih : 2)!2 C - K*laruta+ : Ti-a' larut -ala% air * Titi' +yala : Ti-a' %*+yala 1. Air suli+, (aua-*st" a 6M : 1$02 # Ru%us %ol*'ul : ;2O P*%*ria+ : Caira+ j*r+ih ti-a' #*rar+a ti-a' #*r#au ti-a' #*rasa - P*+yi%a+a+ * Sta#ilitas
: &ala% a-ah t*rtutu #ai' : Air a-alah salah satu #aha+ 'i%ia ya+, sta#il
-ala% #*+tu' @isi' (*s air -a+ ua" Air harus -isi%a+ -ala% a-ah ya+, s*suai Pa-a saat *+yi%a+a+ -a+ *+,,u+aa++ya harus t*rli+-u+,i -ari 'o+ta%i+asi arti'*l 7 *rti'*l io+ -a+ #aha+ or,a+i' ya+, -aat %*+ai'a+ 'o+-u'ti8itas -a+ ju%lah 'ar#o+ or,a+i' S*rta harus t*rli+-u+,i -ari arti'*l 7 arti'*l lai+ -a+ %i'roor,a+is%* ya+, -aat tu%#uh -a+ %*rusa' 3u+,si ai r 3 =+'o%ati#ilitas : &ala% 3or%ula air -aat #*r*a'si -*+,a+ #aha+ *'sii*+t lai+ya ya+, %u-ah t*rhi-rolisis C LAN&ASAN TEOR=
Pyrathiai+* th*olat* -a+ iri-o'si+ ;Cl %*rua'a+ o#at ya+, %*%ili'i rasa sa+,at ahit ol*h 'ar*+a itu -i*rlu'a+ #*+tu' s*-iaa+ ya+, -aat %*+utui rasa ahit t*rs*#ut Ta#l*t salut ,ula %*rua'a+ salah satu #*+tu' s*-iaa+ ya+, -aat %*+utui rasa ahit s*lai+ itu ta#l*t salut ,ula ju,a -aat -aat %*li+-u+,i at a'ti3 -ari r*a'si ya+, ti-a' -ii+,i+'a+ Ta#l*t salut ,ula ju,a %*%ili'i '*u+,,ula+ -i#a+-i+,'a+ -*+,a+ #*+tu' s*-iaa+ lai+ yaitu ra'tis -ala% *+,,u+aa+ %u-ah -i#aa %u-ah -isi%a+ -a+ l*#ih sta#il s*ara 3isi' s*rta %*li+-u+,i -ari *+,aruh li+,'u+,a+ s**rti u-ara ahaya -a+ '*l*%#a#a+ 6aha+ ta%#aha+ *rlu -ita%#ah'a+ '*-ala% 3or%ulasi ta#l*t 6aha+ ta%#aha+ ya+, -ita%#ah'a+ '*-ala% 3or%ulasi ta#l*t a+tara lai+ *+,isi *+,ha+ur *li+ir ,li-a+ *ar+a *+yalut at *+,isi ya+, -ita%#ah'a+ '*-ala% suatu 3or%ulasi ta#l*t #*rtujua+ u+tu' *+*y*suaia+ #o#ot u'ura+ ta#l*t s*suai -*+,a+ ya+, -i*rsyarat'a+ u+tu' %*%#a+tu '*%u-aha+ -ala% *%#uata+ ta#l*t -a+ %*+i+,'at'a+ %utu s*-iaa+ ta#l*t at *+,ha+urH-isi+t*,ra+ #*rtujua+
u+tu'
%*+y*#a#'a+
ta#l*t
ya+,
-i'*%a
*ah
(t*r-isi+t*,rasi" ji'a -it*%at'a+ -ala% li+,'u+,a+ #*rair Lu#ri'a+ a-alah suatu *'sii*+ ta#l*t ya+, -i,u+a'a+ -ala% 3or%ulasi s*-iaa+ ta#l*t u+tu' %*%*r%u-ah *+,*luara+ s*-iaa+ ta#l*t -ari -ala% lu#a+, '*%a -a+ u+tu' %*+*,ah *l*'ata+ ta#l*t a-a o+s Gli-a+ a-alah at ya+, %*%*r#ai'i 'ara't*risti' alira+ ,ra+ulasi -*+,a+ %*+,ura+,i ,*s*'a+ a+tararti'ulat 6aha+ *+,isi ya+, -i,u+a'a+ a-a 3or%ulasi i+i a-alah a8i*l P; 102 A8i*l -i,u+a'a+ s*#a,ai *+,isi 'ar*+a at i+i %*+u+ju''a+ '*'*rasa+ -a+ 3ria#ilitas ya+, #ai' 6aha+ *+,ha+ur ya+, -i,u+a'a+ a-a 3or%ulasi i+i a-alah a%ilu% 'ar*+a a%ilu% %*+u+ju''a+ suatu -aya tari' #*sar t*rha-a air
%*lalui
'*rja
'ail*r ya+,
%*+y*#a#'a+
*%uaia+
-a+
-isi+t*,rasi ta#l*t A%ilu% -aat -ija-i'a+ s*#a,ai -isi+t*,ra+ i+t*r+al atauu+ *'st*r+al -ala% ,ra+ulasi ta#l*t Lu#ri'a+H*li+ir ya+, -i,u+a'a+ a-a %*to-* i+i a-alah asa% st*arat 'ar*+a asa% st*arat %*+air a-a suhu )7!0C s*hi+,,a at i+i ti-a' %*+air -i#aah 'o+-isi *+yi%a+a+ #iasa Gli-a+ ya+, -i,u+a'a+ a-a 3or%ula 1 a-alah a*rosil 'ar*+a a*rosil #*rsi3at %a%u %*+ari l*%#a# ji'a ti-a' -aat %*+y*#a#'a+ *%#atasa+ 'ara't*risti' alira+ Gli-a+ a-a 3or%ula 2 a-alah tal' 'ar*+a tal' -aat %*%i+i%al'a+ '**+-*ru+,a+ at ya+, %*l*'at a-a *r%u'aa+ o+s 'ar*+a #aha+ i+i ra'tis ti-a' larut -a+ '*%u+,'i+a+ #*r*+,aruh *rla%#ata+ a-a laju -isolusi 'o+s*+trasi tal' harus -i#atasi s*ara '*tat -a+ ti-a' %*l*ati 5B
BAB III PROSEDUR KERJA
A @ORM
at a'ti3
@or%ula 1 Pyrathiai+*
@or%ula 2 Pyrathiai+*
at a'ti3 P*+,isi P*+,ha+ur P*li+ir Gli-a+ 2 @or%ula salut ,ula a S*ali+, Phar%aoat 0 Eta+ol )5B # Su# Coati+,
th*olat* Piri-o'si+ ;Cl A8i*l P; 102 A%ilu% Asa% st*arat A*rosil
th*olat* Piri-o'si+ ;Cl A8i*l P; 102 A%ilu% Asa% st*arat Tal'u%
6aha+ Su'rosa Malto-*'stri+ &E 10715 PEG 000 CaCO. TiO2 Air suli+, Polishi+, Ca+u#a /a4 Tri*ta+ola%i+ Asa% Ol*at Air 6 PROSE&
Tujua+ *+utua+ atau S*ali+, a-alah u+tu' %*%*r'uat i+ti ta#l*t -a+ %*+*,ah %asu'+ya air '*-ala% i+ti Phar%aoat 0 -ilarut'a+ -ala% *larut *ta+ol -a+ air '*%u-ia+ -it*+tu'a+ 8is'ositas+ya Cara *+yaluta++ya yaitu : 1" Ta#l*t ya+, t*lah #*rsih -ari -*#u -i%asu''a+ '*-ala% a+i *+yalut '*%u-ia+ a+i -ia+as'a+ hi+,,a suhu 90C a+i -i,*ra''a+ -*+,a+ '**ata+ 25 r% t*%*ratur u-ara ya+, -i,u+a'a+ -iatur t*ta 90C 2" S*,*ra s*t*lah a+i -i,*ra''a+ *r%u'aa+ ta#l*t -is*%rot'a+
s*-i'it
-*%i
s*-i'it
a,ar
hasil
*+y*%rota++ya %*rata -*+,a+ #ai' Laruta+ s*alli+, -is*%rot'a+ s*-*%i'ia+ rua s*hi+,,a s*luruh ta#l*t #asah ." &ala% a'tu 27. %*+it ji'a laruta+ su-ah %ulai %*+,ua -a+ %assa ta#l*t %*l*+,'*t #u#u' ta#ur -ita%#ah'a+ s**rlu+ya Ta#l*t -i-ia%'a+ sa%ai '*ri+, 9" P*%a'aia+ laisa+ s*alli+, s*la+jut+ya -ila'u'a+ 157 20 %*+it s*su-ah *%a'aia+ s*#*lu%+ya a,ar ta#l*t #*+ar7#*+ar '*ri+, 5" S*t*lah s*l*sai -ila'u'a+ *+yaluta+ s*alli+, ya+, %*+utui s*luruh ori7ori ta#l*t ta#l*t -i'*luar'a+ -ari a+i -a+ -i'*ri+,'a+ -il*%ari *+,*ri+, a-a suhu .07900C s*la%a 29 ja% a,ar *larut ya+, t*rti+,,al -aat %*+,ua # P*+yaluta+ &asar atau Su#oati+, P*+yaluta+ -asar %*rua'a+ taha i+ti *rta%a -ari ros*s salut ,ula ya+, %*%#ulat'a+ i+,,ira+ ta#l*t -a+ %*+a%#ah #o#ot i+ti Taha i+i -i'*rja'a+ -*+,a+ ara sus*+si Su'rosa -ilarut'a+ -ala% s*#aha,ia+ air -*+,a+ *%a+asa+ s*la+jut+ya %asi+,7%asi+, har%aoat )09
%alto-*'stri+ &E 10715-a+ PEG 000 -ilarut'a+ s*ara t*risah -*+,a+ sisa air Ca%ur'a+ '*ti,a+ya sa%ai ho%o,*+ K*%u-ia+ CaCO . TiO2 %asu''a+ '*-ala% a%ura+ t*rs*#ut a-u' sa%ai ho%o,*+ -a+ ta%#ah'a+ air
suli+,
ya+,
t*rsisa
S*la+jut+ya
-it*+tu'a+
8is'ositas+ya S*ara u%u% ros*s *+yaluta+ su# oati+, a-alah s*#a,ai #*ri'ut : 1" Ta#l*t hasil *+yaluta+ s*alli+, ya+, t*lah '*ri+, -a+ #*rsih -ari -*#u '* -i%asu''a+ '*-ala% a+i *+yalut 2" Pa+i *+yalut -iutar -*+,a+ '**ata+ 10720 r% *%a+as -i+yala'a+ ." Laruta+ su# oati+,
-ita%#ah'a+
a-a
ta#l*t
'*%u-ia+ ta#l*t -i#iar'a+ %*%utar s*la%a 15720 %*+it s*la+jut+ya ta#l*t -i#iar'a+ %*+,*ri+, 9" Laisa+ s*la+jut+ya -ita%#ah'a+ s*t*lah -iasti'a+ ta#l*t t*lah '*ri+, #ila ta#l*t %*l*'at #u#u' *+a#ur -ita%#ah'a+ s*u'u+ya 5" S*t*lah *laisa+ t*ra'hir ta#l*t -i#iar'a+ -ala% a+i s*la%a 29 ja% a,ar ta#l*t #*+ar7#*+ar '*ri+, a+i -iutar s*ara *rio-i' #ila -i*rlu'a+ P*+,halusa+ (s%oothi+," -a+ P*ar+aa+ (olouri+," Ta#l*t
hasil
*+yaluta+
-asar
#iasa+ya
*+-*ru+,
%*%u+yai *r%u'aa+ ya+, 'asar Taha i+i #*rtujua+ u+tu' %*%*rhalus *r%u'aa+ ta#l*t s*'ali,us ros*s *ar+aa+ &i,u+a'a+ siru su'rosa -a+ TiO 2 s*#a,ai at *%utih
P*+yaluta+
-ila'u'a+
-*+,a+
ara
%*+y*%rot'a+ ta#l*t -*+,a+ laruta+ s%oothi+, s*-i'it -*%i s*-i'it sa%ai -iaai '*halusa+ ta#l*t ya+, 'ita i+,i+'a+ S*la+jut+ya *ar+aa+ atau olouri+, -ila'u'a+ s*'ali,us a-a taha i+i ji'a *r%u'aa+ ta#l*t+ya t*lah u'u halus S*#a,ai *ar+a -i,u+a'a+ laruta+ @& C #lu* Q1 S*t*lah s*l*sai ta#l*t -i'*luar'a+ a+i -a+ sray
,u+ -i#*rsih'a+ lalu ta#l*t -i%asu'a+ '*-ala% o8*+ *+,*ri+, - P*+,'ilaa+ atau Polishi+, P*+,'ilaa+ -ila'u'a+ -*+,a+ %*%asu''a+ ta#l*t ya+, t*lah -isalut '* -ala% a+i #*rlais 'ai+ 'a+8as Laruta+ *+,'ila -is*%rot'a+ ya+, t*r-iri -ari laruta+ lili+ -ala% *larut or,a+i' s*-i'it -*%i s*-i'it sa%ai -ihasil'a+ 'ilaa+ ya+, -ii+,i+'a+ Ta#l*t -il*ta''a+ -ala% a+i *+yalut utar a+i ja+,a+ +yala'a+ *%a+as Kar*+a ros*s *+yaluta+ ta#l*t salut ,ula %*%*rlu'a+ tahaa+ ya+, a+ja+, Ol*h 'ar*+a itu *rlu '*t*ra%ila+ o*rator s*hi+,,a -aat -ihasil'a+ ta#l*t salut -*+,a+ *+a%ila+ ya+, #ai' C EAL
&ihitu+, #*rat ara3i+ ya+, t*r,a+ti'a+ ol*h ,ra+ul ($" %*+,,u+a'a+ ru%us: 6*rat ara3i+ ya+, t*r,a+ti'a+ ol*h ,ra+ul F (!" (5" (" &ihitu+, 8olu%* ,ra+ul ()" %*+,,u+a'a+ ru%us:
(8 ) olu%* ,ra+ul F
BJ parafin
&ihitu+, '*raata+ s*jati %*+,,u+a'a+ ru%us:
(6 ) K*raata+ s*jati F ( 9 ) .
bobot granul volumemampat
P*+,ujia+ orositas -ila'u'a+ -*+,a+ %*%asu''a+ -ata '*raata+ %a%at -a+ '*raata+ s*jati ya+, -i*rol*h '*-ala% *rsa%aa+ #*ri'ut: Kerapatan Mampat ¿ Porositas (U" F ( 1V 4 100B Kerapatan sejati 9
'*%#ali
8olu%*
%a%at
'o%r*si#ilitas s*#a,ai #*ri'ut: Vo −V =F 4 100 Vo & EAL
("
;itu+,
i+-*'s
Ta#l*t -ilihat #*+tu'+ya s*ara 8isual %*liuti u'ura+ ta#l*t #*+tu' ar+a a-a ti-a'+ya #au -a+ #*+tu' *r%u'aa+ 2
-it*ta'a+ a-a 'olo% >A? -a+ ti-a'
#ol*h a-a satu ta#l*tu+ ya+, #o#ot+ya %*+yi%a+, -ari #o#ot rata 7 rata l*#ih -ari har,a -ala% 'olo% >6? ." i'a *rlu -aat -iula+, -*+,a+ 10 ta#l*t -a+ ti-a' #ol*h a-a satu ta#l*t u+ ya+, #o#ot+ya %*+yi%a+, l*#ih #*sar -ari #o#ot rata 7 rata ya+, -it*ta'a+ -ala% 'olo% >A? %auu+ 'olo% >6? 6o#ot Rata7Rata
P*+yi%a+,a+ 6o#ot Rata7Rata -ala% B
Ta#l*t (%,"
I 25 27150 1517.00 .00
A 15 10 !5 5
6 .0 20 15 10
# K*s*ra,a%a+ <'ura+ S*uluh ta#l*t -iu'ur t*#al -a+ -ia%*t*r+ya %*+,,u+a'a+ alat ja+,'a soro+, M*+urut @= *-isi === '*uali -i+yata'a+ lai+ -ia%*t*r ta#l*t ti-a' l*#ih -ari ti,a 'ali atau ti-a' 'ura+, -ari 11H. 'ali t*#al ta#l*t .
Pa-a u%u%+ya ta#l*t harus u'u '*ras -a+ taha+ *ah a'tu -i'*%as -i'iri% -a+ a'tu *+yi%a+a+ t*tai ta#l*t ju,a harus u'u lu+a' u+tu' ha+ur -a+ %*larut -*+,a+ s*%ur+a #*,itu -i,u+a'a+ atau -aat -iatah'a+ -*+,a+ jari #ila ta#l*t *rlu -i#a,i -ala% *%a'aia++ya Ta#l*t -iu'ur '*'uata++ya -ala% ', ou+- atau -ala% satua+ lai++ya Alat ya+, -i,u+a'a+ s*#a,ai *+,u'ur '*'*rasa+ ta#l*t #iasa+ya a-alah har-+*ss t*st*r 9
W 1 −W 2 4100B W 1
5
ta#l*t harus -ia+tau a-a s*tia ta#l*t atau
#ath
(Lah%a+ -'' 1))9" &ala% *+*taa+ 'a-ar at #*r'hasiat a-a s*-iaa+ ta#l*t #iasa+ya
%*+,,u+a'a+ 20 ta#l*t ya+,
'*%u-ia+ -ihitu+, -iti%#a+, -a+ '*%u-ia+ -is*r#u''a+ S*ju%lah s*r#u' ta#l*t ya+, -i,u+a'a+ -ala% *+*taa+ %*a'ili s*luruh ta#l*t %a'a harus -iti%#a+, s*'sa%a Ka-ar at #*r'hasiat t*rt*ra a-a %asi+, 7 %asi+, %o+o,ra3i #ai' *rsyarata+ %auu+ ara *+*taa++ya
