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D* [BO ACTOBONF= [bo Actobonf c{ sob cg|tc{b |ctsbob ncnjkbnb b ib |tfnskkjûo z kfgctkjbij}bkjûo nc bijgco~f{ nc kfo{sgf gb{jqf nc ib{ içocb{ |fiif) |bqf) kctnf) hscqf z |tfnsk~f{ |tfkc{bnf{5 kszf{ |tjokj|bic{ fdmc~jqf{ {fo {fo fatc atckct kct |tf |tfnsk~f sk~f{{ nc ib gâ{ bi~ bi~b kbijn bijnbn bn z so {ctq {ctqjk jkjf jf nc cxkcicokjb/ B{jgj{gf) kfo ci fdmc~jqf nc `btbo~j}bt ib kbijnbn nc |tfnsk~f{ z kfo~tfibt ci |tfkc{f |tfnsk~jqf co {s ~f~b ~f~bij ijnb nbn) n) [bo [bo Ac Acto tobo bonf nf nckj nckjn njû jo~c`t jo~c`tbt bt qct~jk qct~jkbig bigco~ co~c c {s oc`fk oc`fkjf) jf) jojkjbonf ib ktjbo}b nc bqc{ tc|tfnsk~ftb{ rsc |ctgj~jû bs~fbdb{~ckc nc |fiij~f{ dcdê/ \btb 2:00) jojkjbtfo f|ctbkjfoc{ co {s |tjgctb |ibo~b nc bijgco~f dbib dbibok okc cbnf bnf) z `tbk `tbkjb jb{{ b ib cx|c cx|ctj tjco cokj kjb b z if{ if{ dsco dscof f{ tc{s tc{si~ i~bn bnf f{ 2>

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coks oksc{~ c{~b tcbi tcbij} j}bn bnb b co if{ if{ nj{~ nj{~tj tj~f ~f{{ bo~c bo~c{{ gcokj cokjf fobnf bnf{) fd{ctqbgf{ rsc ~fnf{ nc{cbo kfo{sgjt c{~c |tfnsk~f zb rsc |btb gskhf skhf{{ nc osc{ osc{~t ~tf{ f{ coks coksc c{~bn {~bnf{ f{ ci |tfn |tfnsk sk~f ~f ~jco ~jcoc c qco~ qco~bm bmb{ b{ os~tjkjfobic{ {fdtc if{ kfoqcokjfobic{/

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3/ BOÂ BOÂIJ IJ[J [J[ [ NC IB JON JONS[ S[^TJ ^TJB B Ib |tfnskkjûo b`tf|cksbtjb tc`j{~tû so joktcgco~f nc >/0# co coctf nc c{~c c{~c bòf bòf tc{| tc{|ck ck~f ~f bi gj{g gj{gf f gc{ nci nci bòf bòf bo~c bo~ctjf tjft) t) tc|f tc|ft~ t~û û ci Gjoj{~ctjf nc B`tjksi~stb (GJOB@*/ Njkhf bsgco~f asc cx|ijkbnf asonbgco~bigco~c b ib |tfnskkjûo nci {sd{ck~ft |cksbtjf) rsc ktckjû 8/2# |ft sob gbzft {bkb co ib ktjbo}b nc bqc{) |ftkjof{) `bobnf qbksof) fqjof{ z |ft ib gbzft |tfnskkjûo nc hscqf/ Bi tc{|ck~f) ib fajkjob nc c{~snjf{ ckfoûgjkf{ z c{~bnç{~jkf{ (FCCC* nci GJOB@ |tckj{û rsc ib |tfnskkjûo nc |fiif z hscqf{ c{ if rsc gâ{ tc{bi~b co c{~c {sd{ck~ft nstbo~c ci |tjgct gc{ nc 4<22/  ^bgdjêo  ^bgdjêo {c tc`j{~tû so ktckjgjco~f ktckjgjco~f co ib |tfnskkjûo |tfnskkjûo nc hscqf |btb ci kfo{sgf gb{jqf z ib ~f~bijnbn nc if{ hscqf{ |tfqjof nc sob |fdibkjûo nc 2: gjiifoc{ nc `biijob{ co |tfnskkjûo) ib{ gj{gb{ rsc |tfnsmctfo 43/2<< ~focibnb{) tc{si~bnf {s|ctjft co :);# b if fd~cojnf co coctf nc 4<20# tc{|ck~jqbgco~c/ Ci tc{~f nci gctkbnf c{~â b~fgj}bnf co |crscòf{ |tfnsk~ftc{/

42

@tâajkf o¼4= {c`ýo c{~c `tbajkf ci kfo{sgf |ct kâ|j~b obkjfobi) if{ |ctsbof{ kfo{sgco co ib bk~sbijnbn 23< hscqf{ |ft bòf/ (Sojnbnc{&hbd/* Asco~c= KCO^TF NC JOAFTGBKJFO NC B[FKJBKJFO \CTSBOB NC BQJKSI^STB/

@tâajkf o¼ ;/ 44

Asco~c= c{~bnç{~jkb{ b`tbtjb{ gco{sbic{) GJOB@

\TFNSKKJFO NC HSCQF[ B OJQCI OBKJFOBI OBKJFOB I CO ^FOCIBNB[

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1/ \IBO C[^TB^Ê@JKF NC IB CG\TC[B 1/2 QJ[JFO= [ct |btb ci bòf 4<21) içnct co ib kfgctkjbij}bkjûo nc |tfnsk~f{ ft`âojkf{ (hscqf{*) {b~j{abkjconf ib{ ockc{jnbnc{ nc osc{~tf{ kijco~c{) bkkjfoj{~b{) kb|j~bi hsgbof z {fkjcnbn/ 

Atco~c bi kfo{sgjnft=

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Atco~c b if{ ~tbdbmbnftc{= 4;

[ct [ct sob sob cg|tc cg|tc{b {b rsc rsc |tfg |tfgsc scqc qc ci nc{bt nc{bttf tfiif iif |tfac |tfac{jf {jfob obii z |ct{fobi nc rsjcoc{ |bt~jkj|co co ciib/

1/4 GJ[JFO= 

Atco~c b kfo{sgjnft/

@btbo~j}bt b if{ kfo{sgjnftc{ rsc if{ hscqf{ ft`âojkf{ hbo {jnf cack~j cack~jqbg qbgco~ co~c c fd~cojn fd~cojnf{ f{ tc{|c~ tc{|c~bon bonf f ~fnb{ ~fnb{ ib{ kfonjkj kfonjkjfo foc{ c{ nc |tfnskkjûo ckfiû`jkb/ If{ tc`j{~tf{ z kfo~tfic{ {fo cxhbs{~jqf{ |btb njactcokjbt osc{~tf |tfnsk~f nc brsciif{ kfoqcokjfobic{/ 

Atco~c b if{ ~tbdbmbnftc{/

[ct so c{|bkjf nc ktcb~jqjnbn z kfgfnjnbn |btb ci nc{bttfiif nc bk~jqjnbnc{/

1/; AJIF[FAJB CG\TC[BTJBI '

Kbijnbn

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Cg|b~çb

[ctqjt b osc{~tf{ kijco~c{ nc ib gj{gb gboctb co rsc of{ `s{~btçb rsc of{ {jtqbo/  ^tbdbmf f co Crsj| Crsj|f f '  ^tbdbm If`tbt sob gbzft jo~c`tbkjûo co~tc if{ kfibdftbnftc{ |btb ktcbt so dsco kijgb ibdftbi/

1/> AFNB

B* F\FT^SOJNBNC[ Kfg|c~cokjb= 2/ Cg|tc{b{ Cg|tc{b{ rsc rsc gbi~tb~b gbi~tb~bo o b ib{ ib{ |focnftb{/ |focnftb{/ 4/ Cg|tc{b{ Cg|tc{b{ rsc {fif {fif |tfnskco |tfnskco hscqf{ hscqf{ kfoqcok kfoqcokjfobic jfobic{{ Gctkbnf z kijco~c{ 4>

2/ Kfo{sgjnf Kfo{sgjnftc{ tc{ kfo |fnct |fnct bnrsj{j~ bnrsj{j~jqf jqf nc kfg|tb kfg|tb// 4/ Ktckjgjco~f Ktckjgjco~f nc ib ncgbonb ncgbonb co co |tfnsk~f{ |tfnsk~f{ ft`âojkf{/ ft`âojkf{/ Co~ftof [fkjbi z Gbktf= 2/ Bijbo}b{ Bijbo}b{ kfo cg|tc{b{ cg|tc{b{ nci nci tsdtf nc bijgco~f bijgco~f{{ ft`âojkf{/ ft`âojkf{/ 4/ \tcfks|bk \tcfks|bkjûo jûo |ft |ft ci Gcnjf Bgdjco~c/ Bgdjco~c/

D* BGCOB]B[ Kfg|c~cokjb= 2/ Bi~f ojqci nc |tfgfkjûo z njas{jûo nc {s |tfnsk~f (jonjtck~b*/ 4/ Kfg|c~cokjb jonjtck~b kfo kb{j ci 8<# nc |bt~jkj|bkjûo co ci

gctkbnf/ ;/ Kbt~ctb Kbt~ctb nc kijco~c{ kijco~c{ ajncij}bnf ajncij}bnf{{ b ib kfg|c~cok kfg|c~cokjb/ jb/ Gctkbnf z kijco~c{= 2/ Nc{kfofkjg Nc{kfofkjgjco~f jco~f nci nci |tfnsk~f |tfnsk~f co ci ci gctkbnf/ gctkbnf/ 4/ \tfnsk~f \tfnsk~f{{ {s{~j~s~f{ {s{~j~s~f{ kfgf ci |fiif) |fiif) cgds~jnf cgds~jnf{) {) tc{) c~k/ c~k/ Co~ftof [fkjbi z Gbktf= 2/ Nc{b{~tc{ Nc{b{~tc{ ob~stbic{ ob~stbic{ rsc jo~ctqco jo~ctqco`bo `bo co ib co~tc`b co~tc`b nci nci |tfnsk~f |tfnsk~f b osc{~tb cg|tc{b/ 4/ Bi~f{ Bi~f{ kf{~f kf{~f{{ nc ~tbo{ ~tbo{|f |ft~c/ t~c/

K* AFT^BIC]B[ \f~cokjbi hsgbof= 2/ \ct{ \ct{fo fobi bi kb|bk b|bkj~ j~bn bnf f |btb |btb ibdf ibdftc tc{{ nc gbocm bocmf f nc |tfn |tfnsk sk~f ~f{{ atâ`jic{ z bigbkcobgjco~f/ 4/ \ct{fobi \ct{fobi kfo kfo kfg| kfg|tfgj{f tfgj{f cg|tc{btjbi/ cg|tc{btjbi/ Tckst{f{ Ajobokjctf{= 2/ Kb|j~bi Kb|j~bi |tf|jf |tf|jf |btb |btb ci jojkjf jojkjf nc bk~jqjnbnc{/ bk~jqjnbnc{/ Tckst{f{ Gb~ctjbic{= 43

2/ B|ft~c{ B|ft~c{ nc djcoc{ djcoc{ |btb |btb ci jojkjf nc f|ctbkjfo f|ctbkjfoc{/ c{/ 4/ Ýojkb cg|tc{b rsc kfgctkjbij}b hscqf{ ft`âojkf{ kfo kb{kbtb

qctnc/ ;/ \tfnsk~f \tfnsk~f njactcokjbn njactcokjbnf f nc ib kfg|c~cok kfg|c~cokjb jb (njtck~b c jonjtck~b* jonjtck~b*// >/ \tfnsk~f \tfnsk~f 2<<# 2<<# nc kbijnbn kbijnbn |btb |btb kfo{sgf kfo{sgf//

N* NCDJIJNBNC NCDJIJNBNC[ [ Atco~c bi Gctkbnf= 2/ Cg|tc{ Cg|tc{b b oscqb oscqb co ci ci gctkbn gctkbnf/ f/ 4/ \tfgfkjûo \tfgfkjûo z njas{jûo njas{jûo jocxj{~co~c/ jocxj{~co~c/ ;/ C{kb{c} nc |tfqccnftc{/

Tckst{f{ ajobokjctf{= 2/ \tck tckjf |ft cokjgb jgb nc ib kfg|c~cokjb jon jonjtck tck~b (hscqf{ kfoqcokjfobic{*/ ^cocgf{ f|ft~s t~sojnb jnbnc{ rsc |c{bo gb{ rsc osc{~tb ~tb{ bgcob}b{) |ftrsc cxj{~c so joktcgco~f nc kfo{sgf co if rsc {c tcajctc bijgco~f{ ft`bojkf{) zb rsc ib{ gj{gb{ |ct{fob{ c{~âo ds{kbonf oscqb{ f|ft~sojnbnc{ nc gcmftbt {s {bisn z if hbkco b ~tbqê{ nc ib kfkjob ft`bojkb (`b{~tfofgçb*) {c ~jcoc bgcob}b{ bgcob}b{ rsc {jconf tcbij{~b{ bhftb of |fncgf{ |fncgf{ kfg|c~jt kfo ciif ciif{ { ~bo ~bo ij`ctb ij`ctbgc gco~ o~c c |ft |ft ciif ciif{ { c{ rs rsc c kfo~ kfo~bt btcg cgf{ f{ kfo kfo ib{ ib{ gcmftc{ gcmftc{ c{~tb~c` c{~tb~c`jb{ jb{ ncgbtec~ ncgbtec~jo` jo` |btb rsc osc{~tf osc{~tf |tfnsk~ |tfnsk~f f {cb kfofkjnf |ft if{ kijco~c{/

1/3 FDMC^JQF FDMC^JQF[ [ C[^TB^C C[^TB^C@JKF[= @JKF[= 

\tjgct Fdmc~jqf

Fd~coct if{ |ctgj{f{ z oc`fkjbkjfoc{ rsc tc{|binco ib kbijnbn nci |tfnsk~f/

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[c`sonf Fdmc~jqf 41

Kfgctkjbij}bt osc{~tf |tfnsk~f (hscqf ft`âojkf* co db{c b so |ibo nc qco~b{/



^ctkct Fdmc~jqf

Jokco~jqbt ci kfofkjgjco~f nc if{ bijgco~f{ ft`âojkf{ z afgco~bt {s kfo{sgf) rsc kfokco~tb c{|ckjbigco~c {s{ bk~sbkjfoc{ co ci âgdj~f nc kfo{sgf nc |tfnsk~f{ ft`âojkf{) bi rsjo~f bòf/



Ksbt~f Fdmc~jqf

Bikbo}bt ojqcic{ nc cxkcicokjb co ib kbijnbn z |tfo~j~sn kfo rsc {c b~jconc bi s{sbtjf kfo{sgjnft bi rsjo~f bòf/



Rsjo~f Fdmc~jqf=

If`t If`tbt bt sob sob |bt~ |bt~jk jkj| j|bk bkjû jûo o nci nci 8/>2 8/>2# # co ib qco~ qco~b b nc hsc hscqf{ qf{ ft`âojkf{ nstbo~c ci |tjgct |tjgct bòf nc jo`tc{f jo`tc{f co ci gctkbnf/ gctkbnf/



[cx~f Fdmc~jqf

Jokt Joktcg cgco co~b ~btt ci nc{bt nc{bttf tfiif iif nc kfgc kfgctkj tkjbij bij}bk }bkjû jûo o nc if{ if{ hscq hscqf{ f{ ft`âojkf{ co ib kb|j~bi co 4<# |btb ci 4<21/

1/1 C[^TB^C@JB NCI OC@FKJF= CEFQF[ [/B/K) ~tbdbmbtâ ib c{~tb~c`jb nc NJACTCOKJBKJFO) |btb c{~f {c nc{bttfiibt=

 B* Aft~bic}b{ ‛ f|ft~sojnbnc{=

Ktcbt {co{bkjûo nc kbijnbn) {~b~s{ f |tc{~j`jf co osc{~tf osc{~tf |tfnsk~f/ Ktcbt z nj{còbt so if`f~j|f z cg|brsc cg|brsc co ib ksbi {c |scnb qct b ib {jg|ic qj{~b ib{ kbtbk~ctç{~jkb{ nc osc{~tf |tfnsk~f/ Aft~ Aft~bi bic ckct kct ib kb|bk b|bkjn jnbn bn |tfac tfac{j {jf fobi obi z hsgbo sgbof f nc osc{~ sc{~tf tf{{ kfibdftbnftc{/ 40

\f{jkjfobtof{ co osc{~tf{ |so~f{ nc qco~b/

D*

Ncdjijnbnc{ ‛ f| f|ft~sojnbnc{

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K*Aft~bic}b{ ‛ Bgcob}b{

C{~b C{~bdic dickc kctt sob sob c{~tc c{~tckh khb b bijbo bijbo}b }b kfo kfo osc{ osc{~tf ~tf{{ |tfqc |tfqccn cnft ftc{ c{ nc ~tb{|ft~c/ Tcbij}bt |sdijkjnbn ncmbonf co kibtf ib{ njactcokjb{ rsc cxj{~c co~tc osc{~tf |tfnsk~f (hscqf ft`âojkf* kfo ci nc ib kfg|c~cokjb (hscqf kfoqcokjfobi*/

N*

Ncdjijnbnc{ ‛ Bgcob}b{

\bt~jkj|bt co actjb ckfif`çb{/ \bt~jkj|bt co actjb{ `b{~tfoûgjkb{/ Nc{bttfiibt bijbo}b c{~tb~ê`jkb kfo osc{~tf |tfqccnft/

1/0/ QCO^BMB[ KFG\C^J^JQ KFG\C^J^JQB[/ B[/ Sob nc ib{ qco~bmb{ nc c{~c |tfnsk~f c{ rsc ~jcoc dscob tf~bkjûo zb rsc {c |scnc s{bt ~bo~f |btb nc{bzsof kfgf |btb if{ njactco~c{ |ib~f{ nc kfgjnb bi nçb/ Bi nc~ctgjobt ib cnbn nci kfo{sgjnft rsc {c coksco~tb co~tc <3 z 32 bòf{ {c bdtc so kbg|f nc kfg|tb gsz `tbonc) zb rsc ib gbzft |bt~c nc |fdibkjûo nc c{~c |bç{ {c coksco~tb coksco~tb co c{~c tbo`f nc cnbn/ 48

4:

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Ib{ `biijob{ {fo ktjbnb{ co so bgdjco~c jokfgfnf) c{~b{ |focnftb{ |foco if{ hscqf{ gjco~tb{ rsc {fo |j{f~cbnb{ co~tc ciib{) |b{bo |ft so tckft~c nc |jkf nfonc gskhb{ qckc{ gsctco zb rsc kfo ci nfift of |scnco kfgct f {satco ksbntf{ nc c{~tê{/

kfic{~ctfi |tfgcnjf nc 3>8 g` ) ;/; `g{ nc `tb{b {b~stbnb) 24# nc |tf~cçob{ Kfo~jcoc sob |tf|ftkjûo kfo{jnctbdic nc cxkcico~c |tf~cçob) z dscob{ kbo~jnbnc{ nc kbikjf) hjcttf) qj~bgjob{ B z N) bncgâ{ nc ~jbgjob z tjdfaibqjob/ Bòbnco bi b`sb {siafobgjnb{) bo~jdjû~jkf{ z ~tborsjij}bo~c{/

BIJGCO^BKJFO

Ib{ `biijob{ {fo bijgco~bnb{ kfo gbç} ft`âojkf |tfnskjnb{ |ft ib gj{gb |tfnsk~ftb nc hscqf{ ft`âojkf{) ~bgdjêo kfo |b{~f qctnc z |ft ifgdtjkc{/

 ^jcoco jisgjobkjûo jisgjobkjûo kfo{~bo kfo{~bo~c ~c |btb |btb b{ç |foct gbzft kbo~jnbn nc hscqf{) kfo |tfnsk~f{ bi~ctobnf{ rsçgjkbgco~c z ~tb~bnb{ kfo {siafobgjnb{) bo~jdjû~jkf{ z ~tborsjij}bo~c{) {c ic b`tc`b kfiftbo~c b ib kfgjnb |btb nbt kfift jo~co{f b ib zcgb) bijgco~bnb kfo ktckjgjco~f z co`ftnc

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[c`ýo ib{ coksc{~b{ tcbij}bnb{ |ft B\CJG kfomso~bgco~c kfo ib COBHF (4<2< ‛ 4<22* kfg|tfdbgf{ rsc if{ gctkbnf{ bk~sbic{ b if{ rsc of{ qbgf{ b njtj`jt {fo if{ bncksbnf{/

@tâajkf o¼ 3/ Asco~c= B\CJG D*

KIJCO^C['KFO[SGJNFTC[= [fo ib tb}ûo nc {ct nc ib cg|tc{b/

Nc bksctnf b ib cg|tc{b Kfo{si~ftb Btciibof co {s c{~snjf {fdtc ib{ ~j|fif`çb{ nc ib{ bgb{ nc kb{b |ctsbob{ b |bt~jt nc c{~b joaftgbkjûo {c nc{bttfiiû sob oscqb aftgb nc {c`gco~bkjûo nc ib{ bgb{ nc kb{b rsc) bncgâ{ nc if{ b{|ck~f{ {fkjf ckfoûgjkf ;4

~tbnjkjfobi) kfo{jnctc qbtjbdic{ |{jkf`tâajkb{) rsc nco ksco~b nc {s aftgb hbdj~sbi nc {co~jt) |co{bt z bk~sbt) ib{ kib{jajkb co=

Asco~c= KFO[SI^FTB BTCIIBOF/

D/2* TCBIJ]BNB[= ' '

\btb \btb ciib ciib{{ ib abg abgjijb jijb c{ ~bo ~bo jg|f jg|ft~ t~bo bo~c ~c kfgf kfgf {s |tf| |tf|jb jb tcbij}bkjûo |ct{fobi (|ct{|ck~jqb abgjijbt'jonjqjnsbi*/  ^jcoco  ^jcoco gcoft gcoft `s{~f `s{~f |ft |ft ib{ ibdftc{ ibdftc{ nci hf`bt/ hf`bt/

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Kfo{jnctbo rsc ci |tf`tc{f {c if`tb qçb ib cnskbkjûo/ Ktcco co ci nc{bttfiif |tfac{jfobi nc ib gsmct/

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Ksco~bo kfo gbzft jonc|concokjb z bs~fofgçb/ Ib gbzftçb ~tbdbmb b ~jcg|f kfg|ic~f/ Ci ~tbdbmf {b~j{abkc ockc{jnbnc{ nc bs~fttcbij}bkjûo |ct{fobi/

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B{|jtbo b ~coct sob qjnb kûgfnb z c{~bdic/ Nc{cbo bnrsjtjt djcoc{ gb~ctjbic{/

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Ic{ Ic{ `s{~ `s{~b b |b{bt |b{bt ~jcg| ~jcg|f f ~bo~ ~bo~f f co ci hf`b hf`btt (kfo (kfo {s abgj abgjijb ijb** kfgf ~bgdjêo asctb nc êi/

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Ci mcac nc abgjijb) {j djco c{ jg|ft~bo~c) of c{ qj{~f kfgf ’ib bs~ftjnbn‗ nci hf`bt/ ;;

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[c nbo gâ{ ~jcg|f |btb ciib{ gj{gb{/ Ksi~jqbo tcibkjfoc{ {fkjbic{/

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Tcbi Tcbij} j}bo bo gâ{ `b{~ `b{~f{ f{ co njqc njqct{ t{jû jûo/ o/ [fo [fo bgbo bgbo~c ~c{{ nc ib{ ib{ kfg|tb{/

D/4* B[\JTBKJF B[\JTBKJFOBIC[= OBIC[= '

[fo tcib~jqbgco~c gâ{ mûqcoc{ rsc ci tc{~f/

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B |c{bt rsc of ~tbdbmbo asctb nc kb{b) |jco{bo rsc ci |b|ci nc ib gsmct of c{ {fif {ct bgb nc kb{b {jof rsc ncdc {ct gâ{ ftjco~bnf hbkjb ci nc{bttfiif |ct{fobi/

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Kfo{jnctbo rsc ci |tf`tc{f {c kfo{j`sc |ft ib qçb ci oc`fkjf |tf|jf gâ{ rsc |ft ib qçb nc ib cnskbkjûo/

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Ksi~jqbo {s{ tcibkjfoc{ {fkjbic{) {fo bk~jqb{ z njoâgjkb{/

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Kfo{jnctbo jg|ft~bo~c ci bttc`if |ct{fobi/ [c gbrsjiibo z ksjnbo gâ{/

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[fo gcof{ kfo{ctqbnftb{ co gb~ctjb nc {cxsbijnbn f kfo tcibkjûo b tfic{ ~tbnjkjfobic{ nc ib gsmct/

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Qbo bi {s|c {s|ctg tgct ctkkbnf bnf z gctkb ctkbnf nf// Kfg|tbo |tbo |tf |tfnsk~f sk~f{{ coqb{bnf{ z ds{kbo cx|ctjgco~bt kfo ib{ gbtkb{/

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@b{~bo of {fif co ib abgjijb {jof ~bgdjêo co ciib{/

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@tâajkf o¼ 0= [c`ýo c{~c `tâajkf) fd{ctqbgf{ rsc ib{ gsmctc{ baft~sobnb{ bdbtkbo co if{ ojqcic{ {fkjfckfoûgjkf{ B z D) ib{ gsmct smctc{ c{ gfnc gfncto tob{ b{ B) D) K z N5 nfon nfonc c of{ of{ coaf coafkb kbtc tcg gf{ bi {c`gco~f B z D njtj`jnf b gsmctc{ co~tc 28 bòf{ ‛ 32 bòf{ nc cnbn/ Asco~c= KFO[SI^STB BTCIIBOF/

;3

@tba @tbajk jkf f o¼ 8= [c`ý [c`ýo o ci `tâa `tâajk jkf) f) ib }fob }fob 1 kfo kfo if{ if{ nj{~ nj{~tj tj~f ~f{{ Gjtbaiftc{) [bo J{jntf) [bo Dftmb) [stkf z Ib Gfijob ~jcoco gbzft kfokco~tbkjûo nc |ct{fob{ kfo O[C B z D/ Asco~c= B\CJG

0/2/4 FDMC^JQF FDMC^JQF[ [ NC GBTEC^JO@ GJX ' If`tbt sob û|~jgb nj{~tjdskjûo nc osc{~tf |tfnsk~f/ ' If`tbt rsc ib{ bk~jqjnbnc{ nc |tfgfkjûo ksg|ibo kfo {s fdmc~jqf nc joaftgbt) |ct{sbnjt b osc{~tf{ kijco~c{'kfo{sgjnftc{/ ' If`tbt {b~j{abkct ib{ ockc{jnbnc{ nc osc{~tf{ kijco~c{ 'kfo{sgjnftc{/ ;1

' If`tbt rsc ci {ctqjkjf b if{ kijco~c{ {cb cxkcico~c/

0/4 IB GC]KIB NC GBTEC^JO@ GBTEC^JO@// [c`ý [c`ýo o Mctf Mctfgc gc GkKb GkKbt~h t~hz) z) ib gc}k gc}kib ib nc gbtec gbtec~j ~jo` o` {c njqj njqjnc nc co if{ if{ cicg cicgco co~f ~f{{ > \‚{= \‚{= \tfn \tfnsk sk~f ~f)) \tck \tckjf jf)) \ib} \ib}b b (nj{ (nj{~t ~tjd jdsk skjû jûo) o) is`b is`bt* t* z \tfgfkjûo/ Ib kfgdjobkjûo bncksbnb nc ib{ ksb~tf \‚{ {c |scnco cokfo~tbt ib{ f|kj f|kjfo foc{ c{ nc gcmf gcmftbt tbt ib cajkb cajkbkj kjb b z tc{si~ tc{si~bn bnf{ f{ nc cx|if cx|if~b ~bkj kjûo ûo// If{ If{ |tjokj|bic{ kbgdjf{ co sof f qbtjf{ nc if{ \‚{ b gcosnf |scnco {ct kfo{jnctbnf kfgf sob bk~jqjnbn c{~tb~ê`jkb5 b{jgj{gf c{ jg|ft~bo~c nc{~bkbt rsc {c b|ijkbtâ sob oscqb C{~tb~c`jb Ftjco~bnb ci Kijco~c (\f{~qco~b* z ib nc \f{jkjfobgjco~f/

0/; C[^TB^C@JB (NC[KTJ\KJFO* NCI \TFNSK^F= Co ib Nc Nc{k {ktj| tj|kjû kjûo o nc \tfns \tfnsk~ k~f{ f{ {c ncdc ncdc kfo~ kfo~co coct ct sob sob cx|i cx|ijk jkbk bkjû jûo o nc~biib nc~biibnb nb nci kfokc kfokc|~f |~f dâ{jkf dâ{jkf z nc ib{ kbtbk~ kbtbk~ctç{ ctç{~jkb ~jkb{{ ~êkojk ~êkojkb{ b{ nci |tfnsk~f/ Ncdc kfo~coct sob jonjkbkjûo cx|tc{b nc ib{ ksbijnbnc{ gâ{ {j`ojajkb~jqb{) nc ib{ qco~bmb{ rsc b|ft~bo/ CEFQF[ CEFQF[ [/B/K) [/B/K) fatckct fatckctâ â hscqf hscqf{{ ft`âoj ft`âojkf{ kf{ nc bi~b bi~b kbijnb kbijnbn) n) dbmf dbmf co kfic{~ctfi) cotjrsckjnf kfo Fgc`b ; z ijdtc nc {s{~bokjb{ ofkjqb{ |btb ib {bisn5 kfoqjt~jêonf{c co bijgco~f {bof rsc bzsnb b gcmftbt ib{ kfonjkjfoc{ nc osc{~tf ft`boj{gf) ci c{~skhc nci hscqf c{ nc kfift qctnc zb rsc {jgdfij}b bi ckf bgdjco~c z {ctâo nc abdtjkbkjûo kcisif{b rsc rsc bzsn bzsnbt btb b b |tc{ |tc{ct ctqb qbtt ib ~cg| ~cg|ct ctb~ b~st stb b nc osc{ osc{~t ~tf f |tfn |tfnsk sk~f ~f z bd{ftdco ci cxkc{f nc ib hsgcnbn z {s nj{còf kfo octqjf{ kco~tbic{ f~ft`b gbzft tj`jnc}) gjojgj}b |tfdicgb{ nc tf~stb nc hscqf{/ Ci kfift nc osc{~tf |tfnsk~f c{ nc so kfift |cksijbt) ci kb{kbtfo c{ kfift qctnc z ~jcoc ib zcgb nc kfift bobtbombnf jo~co{f) c{ ofqcnf{f |ftrsc oftgbigco~c if{ hscqf{ rsc {c kfgctkjbij}bo {fo nc kb{kbtfo tf{bnf) |btnf z dibokf{/

;0

0/> C[^TB^C C[^TB^C@JB @JB NC \TCKJF[ [c`ýo Ibgd) Hbjt z GkNbojci) ib c{~tb~c`jb nc |tckjf{ c{ so kfomso~f nc |tjokj|jf{) ts~b{) njtck~tjkc{ z içgj~c{ asonbgco~bic{ |btb ib ajmbkjûo nc |tckjf{ jojkjbi z b if ibt`f nci kjkif nc qjnb nci |tfnsk~f) kfo if ksbi) {c |tc~conc if`tbt if{ fdmc~jqf{ rsc {c |ct{j`sco kfo ci |tckjf) bi gj{g gj{gf f ~jcg ~jcg|f |f rsc rsc {c gbo~j bo~jco coc c kfgf kfgf |bt~ |bt~c c nc ib c{~t c{~tb~ b~c` c`jb jb nc |f{jkjfobgjco~f `coctbi/ Ci |tckjf nc jo~tfnskkjûo nc CEFQF[ [BK) bi gctkbnf {ctâ nc [& 2
@tâajkf o¼ :

0/3 C[^TB^C@JB NC NJ[^TJDS NJ[^TJDSKJÛO KJÛO F \IB]B/ Ib cg|tc{b ~jcoc rsc ~fgbt sob {ctjc nc nckj{jfoc{ c{~tb~ê`jkb{ co tcibk tcibkjû jûo o b if{ if{ kbob kbobic ic{{ nc nj{~ nj{~tjd tjdsk skjû jûo/ o/ Ib cg|tc cg|tc{b {b |scn |scnc c qcon qconct ct cg|icbonf cg|icbonf qbtjf{ kbobic{ nc nj{~tjdskjûo nj{~tjdskjûo// Bi kfomso~f nc kbobic{ kbobic{ nc nj{~tjdskjûo nc ib cg|tc{b {c ncofgjob Tcn nc nj{~tjdskjûo/ \btb ciif= [c nj{c nj{còb òbtb tb sob sob c{~t c{~tb~ b~c` c`jb jb nc bksc bksctnf tnf kfgc kfgctk tkjbi jbi kfo kfo ib cg|t cg|tc{b c{b KCOK KCOKF[ F[S SN \CTS \CTS (nsc (nscòf òf{{ nc if{ if{ [s|c [s|ctg tgct ctkb kbnf nf{{ Pfo` Pfo`*) *) kfo kfo ib ajobijnbn nc if`tbt sob gbzft kfdct~stb nc osc{~tf |tfnsk~f) zb rsc ;8

nc bksctnf b osc{~tb{ coksc{~b{ co njkhb kbncob nc {s|ctgctkbnf{ c{ atcksco~bnf |ft kfo{sgjnftc{ nc gbzft |fnct bnrsj{j~jqf/ B{jgj{gf ~cocgf{ nj{còbnb sob c{~tb~c`jb njtj`jb b ib nj{~tjdskjûo nc osc{~tf |tfnsk~f b DJFACTJB[/

0/3/2 [S\CT GCTKBNF[ PFO@/ Ci @ts|f nc [s|ctgctkbnf{ Pfo` c{ ib cg|tc{b içnct co ib jons{~tjb nc qco~b bi nc~biic co ci \ctý) z ksco~b kfo sob cx|ctjcokjb nc 40 bòf{ nc{nc ib b|ct~stb nc {s |tjgct {s|ctgctkbnf/ Bk~sbigco~c ksco~b kfo so ~f~bi nc 30 ~jconb{ ‛co~tc {s{ gbtkb{ Pfo` z Gc~tf' kfo |tc{cokjb co Ijgb) ^tsmjiif) Khjkibzf) Ibgdbzcrsc z Kbmbgbtkb5 z so crsj|f nc gâ{ nc 22)<<< kfibdftbnftc{/

0/3/2/2 QJ[JFO [ct sob ft`boj}bkjûo içnct) kfo ojqci nc kfg|c~cokjb gsonjbi/

0/3/2/4 GJ[JFO [ct içn [ct içnct ct co ib kf kfgc gctkj tkjbij bij}b }bkjû kjûo o nc |tf |tfns nsk~ k~f{ f{ nc kfo{sgf) {b~j{abkjconf ib{ ockc{jnbnc{ nc {s{ kijco~c{ |ft cokjgb nc {s{ cx|ck~b~jqb{) dtjonâonfic{ |tfnsk~f{ nc kbijnbn z kfo cxkcicokjb co ci {ctqjkjf/ B{jgj{gf) ci @ts|f nc [s|ctgctkbnf{ Pfo` ~jcoc kfgf fdmc fd mc~j ~jqf qf ci kt ktck ckjg jgjc jco~ o~f f {f {f{~ {~co cojn jnf f nc ib cg cg|t |tc{ c{b b z ci nc nc{b {btt ttfi fiif if |tfac{jfobi nc {s{ kfibdftbnftc{/ Co cack~f) {fgf{ sob `tbo cg|tc{b rsc rsjctc iicqbt b gâ{ abgjijb{ |ctsbo |ct sbob{ b{ if{ `tbo `tbonc{ nc{ b~t b~tjds jds~f ~f{{ z dco dcocaj cajkjf kjf{{ nci {s| {s|ctg ctgctkb ctkbnj{g nj{gf f gfnctof) kfo bi~f{ ojqcic{ nc {ctqjkjf z kbijnbn/ Co \ctý {fif ci 4<# nc |c |ct{f t{fob ob{{ kf kfg| g|tb tb co {s {s|c |ctg tgctk ctkbn bnf{ f{)) c{ nc nckj kjt) t) cx cxj{~ j{~c c so sob b `t `tbo bo f|ft~sojnbn |btb ktckct z nc{bttfiibt c{~c gctkbnf

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@tâajkf o¼ 2
\so~f{ nc qco~b{ zb c{~bdickjnf{/ B*[stkf= Djf]conb) Bq/ \cntf Qco~stf 428 ~jconb K'2<2 D*

Ib Gfijob'Kjcoc`sjiib=

Djf^jconb) Ib Hsct~b) G}/] I~/> ;tb c~b|b/ Djfactjb) Bq/ \tjokj|bi nc Kjcoc`sjiib ><

NJB@TBGB NC AISMF NC NJ[^TJDSKJF NJ[^TJDSKJFO O \TFQCCNFT NC HSCQF FT@BOJKF CEFQF[ [/B/K (KFGCTKJBIJ]BNFTB* (KFGCTKJBIJ]BNFTB*

[S\CTGCTKBNF[ PFO@

DJFACTJB[

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GJTBAIFTTC[&[STKF&IB GFIJOB

IB GFIJOB

[/ J[JNTF&[/DFTMB&[/ GJ@SCI

KIJCO^C[

0/4/> C[^TB^C@JB C[^TB^C@JB NC NC \TFGFK \TFGFKJÛO JÛO Z \SDIJKJNBN \SDIJKJNBN// Ci cg|icf nc |tfgfkjfoc{ bzsnb b bk~jqbt ib{ qco~b{ ksbonf c{~b{ {c coksco~tbo dbmb{ f ci kijco~c ockc{j~b so c{~çgsif bnjkjfobi |btb |fnct bnrsjtjt so djco/ ․

Ktcbt oscqb{ fact~b{ ~bic{ kfgf bnrsjtjt 2 ejif z nc tc`bif > hscqf{/

․

Ktcbt {ft~cf{ f kfokst{f{ co~tc osc{~tf{ kijco~c{/

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․

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\bt~jkj|bt co Djfactjb{/ Kfgf ib rsc {c tcbij}b co ci Nj{~tj~f nc [stkf z Ib Gfijob/ B{fkjbt{c B{fkjbt{c kfo co~jnbnc{ rsc |tfgfkjfo |tfgfkjfobo bo if{ |tfnsk~f{ |tfnsk~f{ ft`âojkf{ rsc bzsnco b ib{ |ct{fob{ b qbiftbt if ft`âojkf) os~tj~jqf) ob~stbi/ Kfifkbt bosokjf{ |sdijkj~btjf{ co if{ |so~f{ nc qco~b kfo ci if`f~j|f z if{ dcocajkjf{ nci |tfnsk~f/ \bt~jkj|bt co Gj{~stb/ >2

OSC[^TF IF@F

0 /3 C[^TB^C@JB (\F[^QCO^B*

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CI

KIJCO^C

Sob c{~tb~c`jb cajkb} nc kb|~bkjûo nc kijco~c{ kfo~cg|ib kûgf if{ njactco~c{ kbobic{ nc qco~b{ nc sob cg|tc{b) b~tbco z kfo{ctqbo) nc aftgb cajkjco~c z kfo êxj~f) b osc{~tf{ kijco~c{/ Ib C{~tb~c`jb nci Kijco~c {c tcbij}btâ b ~tbqê{ nc ib ktcbkjûo nc so dif` jojkjbigco~c z |f{~ctjftgco~c sob |â`job Pcd5 |btb kfo~c{~bt ib{ {s`ctcokjb{) rscmb{) tckibgf{ c jo`tc{f nc |cnjnf{ cxkis{jqbgco~c nc if{ kijco~c{/ Kfo c{~f{ |tfkcnjgjco~f{ {c rsjctc gbo~coct sob dscob tcibkjûo co~tc cg|tc{b z kijco~c) `coctâonf{c b{ç sob tc~tfbijgco~bkjûo b dcocajkjf{ nc bgdf{/ ^bgdjêo s{btcgf{ ib{ tcnc{ {fkjbic{ kfgf ABKCDFFE z  ^PJ^^CT  ^PJ^^CT co if{ rsc |fnbgf{ |fnbgf{ kfg|bt~jt kfg|bt~jt osc{~tb osc{~tb jgb`co jgb`co kfo if{ gjiifoc{ nc s{sbtjf{ rsc ~jcoco c{~b{ tcnc{ {fkjbic{/ Sdjkbt |tfgf~ftb{ (jg|si{bnftb{* co if{ {ý|ct gctkbnf{ Pfo` |btb rsc ~co`b kfo~bk~f njtck~f kfo ci kijco~c |btb tc{|fonct ib{ nsnb{ nci kijco~c z gf~jqbt bkctkb nc if gskhf rsc c{ ci |tfnsk~f os~tj~jqf/ >4

DIF@ CEFQF[ [/B/K/

0/1 C[^TB^C@JB NC \F[JKJF \F[JKJFOBGJCO^F OBGJCO^F \f{jkjf \f{jkjfobg obgjco~ jco~f f c{ ci is`bt is`bt rsc fks|b fks|b so |tfnsk |tfnsk~f ~f f {ctqjkj {ctqjkjf f co ib gco~c nci kfo{sgjnft/ Ib c{~tb~c`jb nc |f{jkjfobgjco~f kfo{j{~c co ncajojt ib jgb`co rsc {c rsjctc kfoactjt b osc{~tb cg|tc{b) nc gboctb rsc ci |ýdijkf fdmc~jqf >;

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D* \TFKC[F NC KFO^TFI NC KBIJNBN NCI \TFNSK^F= \btb ciif tcbij}btcgf{ if{ {j`sjco~c{ co{bzf{= ' Co{bzf nci fift= {c tcbij}b bo~c{ nc {s s~jij}bkjûo) {j ~jcoco so fift nc{b`tbnbdic hbz rsc ~jtbtif{/ ' Co{bzf nc ib jisgjobkjûo= kfo{j{~c co gjtbtif{ bi ~tb{is} nc sob dfgdjiib |f~co~c) ncdc qct{c kfg|ic~bgco~c njâabof) {jo ojo`ýo ~j|f nc gbokhb{/ Gbokhb{ tfmb{ f oc`tb{ jonjkbo nc{kfg|f{jkjûo/ Kfg|ic~bgco~c f{kstf{ {fo hscqf{ |fntjnf{/ ' Co{b Co{bzf zf nc ib {bks {bksnj njnb nb== {c kf`c kf`c co~t co~tc c if{ if{ ncnf ncnf{{ z {c b`j~ b`j~b b {sbqcgco~c/ Ksbo~f gâ{ bi~f {cb ci tsjnf) {j`ojajkb rsc c{ gâ{ qjcmf |ft ci bsgco~f nc ib kâgbtb nc bjtc) rsc ic hbkc $dbjibt$ nco~tf nc {s kâ{kbtb/

32

' So ýi~jgf co{bzf {c tcbij}b {sgct`jconf if{ hscqf{ co sob {fiskjûo nc b`sb z {bi kfgýo bi 2<#5 if{ hscqf{ atc{kf{ {c qbo bi afonf gjco~tb{ rsc if{ qjcmf{ aif~bo/ C{~f {c ncdc b rsc bi jt coqcmckjconf) |jctn jctnco co b`sb b`sb b ~tbq ~tbqê ê{ nc ib kâ{k â{kbtb) btb) bsgco~bonf {s kâgbtb nc bjtc z |c{bo gcof{/

K* \TFKC[F NC [CIIBNF NCI \TFNSK^F=

 ^fnf{  ^fnf{ if{ bijgco~f{ ~jcoco rsc c{|ckjajkbt co ci cg|brsc ib ackhb nc kbns kbnskj kjnb nbn) n) nc if kfo~ kfo~tb tbtj tjf f {ctç {ctçb b so ncij ncij~f ~f// ^bgd ^bgdjê jêo o {c b`tc`btâ co ci |tfnsk~f ci if`f nc ib cg|tc{b/

K* \TFKC[F NC CG\BRSC NCI \TFNSK^F= Ci coqb{bnf nc hscqf{ z ci crsj|f nc coqb{bnf c{~btâo nj{còbnf{) kfo{~tsjnf{) gbo~cojnf{ z s~jij}bnf{ nc gboctb rsc {c tcns}kb bi gçojgf ci nbòf b ib kâ{kbtb nci hscqf z {c cqj~c ib jo~ jo~tfns tfnskk kkjû jûo o nc kfo~bg o~bgjo job bo~c o~c{ nco~tf f co ib {s|ctajkjc nc if{ hscqf{/

C* \TFKC[F NC C^JRSC^BNF NCI \TFNSK^F= B ~tbqê{ nci nci c~jr c~jrsc sc~b ~bnf nf {c `btb `btbo~ o~j}b j}btb tb bi kfo{s kfo{sgj gjnf nftt sob sob joaft joaftgb gbkjû kjûo o kfg|ic~ kfg|ic~b b {fdtc {fdtc osc{~tf osc{~tf |tfnsk~f |tfnsk~f z ib kfg|f{jkjûo nci gj{gf/ Kfo ci ajo nc |tf~c`ct ci jo~ctê{ nc osc{~tf{ kfo{sgjnftc{/

34

A* KF KFNJ NJ@F @F NC DB DBTT TTB[ B[== Kbnb Kbnb ~tbdbmf ~tbdbmf tcbij}b tcbij}bnf nf co osc{~tb osc{~tb cg|tc{b rscnb tc`j{~tbnf kfgf so gbtkbmc co ib b|ijkbkjûo nc `c{~jûo nci kfo~tfi nc |tfnskkjûo nc aftgb foijoc) b{ç nc c{~b gboctb {c ~tbdbmbtb cajkjco~cgco~c/

8/>/ CEFQF[ [/B/K/ NC[KTJ\KJÛO NC[KTJ\KJÛ O NC IF[ \TFKC[F[ IF@Ç[^JKF[= CG\BRSC^BNF

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BIGBKCO C JOQCO^BTJF

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B* KFG\TB[ / Ci âtcb nc kfg|tb{ ~jcoc ci ncdct nc {b~j{abkct ib{ ockc{jnbnc{ nc kbnb âtcb nc CEFQF[ [/B/K) {fdtc ~fnf co ci âtcb tcb nc cg|brsc~bnf) |ft if ksbi ê{~c {~c b~jc b~jco onc njkh jkhb{ ockc ockc{j {jnb nbnc nc{{ b ~tbq ~tbqê{ ê{ nc tcrs tcrsct ctjg jgjc jco~ o~f{ f{ |btb |btb bdb{ bdb{~c ~ckc kctt z {sgjoj{~tbt b njkhb âtcb (cg|brsc~bnf*/

\btb b~conct sob ncgbonb nc nf{ gji ejif`tbgf{ nc hscqf{ ft`âo t`âojk jkf f{) ~coc ~cocgf gf{{ rsc rsc tcbi tcbij} j}bt bt ci |cnj |cnjnf nf co ci gfgc gfgco~ o~f f kfttck~f z {ctâ b ~tbqê{ nc sob ftnco nc kfg|tb if{ |cnjnf{ {ctâo kbnb rsjokc nçb{ nc 2<<< ejif`tbgf{ nc hscqf{ ft`âojkf{ b osc{~tf ýojkf |tfqccnft rsc c{ ib Sojqct{jnbn B`tbtjb nc ib [ciqb [ciqb ifkb ifkbij} ij}bn bnb b co ci nc|b nc|bt~ t~bg bgco co~f ~f nc Hsâo Hsâosk skf) f) |tfq |tfqjok jokjb jb Icfokjf \tbnf) Nj{~tj~f nc Ts|b Ts|b/ Ci |cnjnf nci cg|brsc {c tcbij}btb b ib cg|tc{b \BIGF[B) rsjco cxj`c njc} nçb{ |btb tc{|fonct osc{~tf |cnjnf z ib kbo~jnbn nc kfg|tb nc ib c~jrsc~b {ctâ nc 43< |ibokhb{ nc hfmb B; co ci ksbi {c jg|tjgco fkhf c~jrsc~b{/ \btb if`tbt sob kfg|tb cajkjco~c {c ~tbdbmbtb kfo ci {j{~cgb [J[^FKE ‛ [RI) rsc tc`j{~tb z kfo~tfib ûtncoc{ nc kfg|tb z coib}b kfo ib{ `sçb{ nc jo`tc{f nc ~fnf{ if{ nfksgco~f{ nc kfg|tb) if{ rsc s~jij}bo ci Ebtncx/

GFNCIF NC FTNCO NC KFG\TB ’CEFQF[ [/B/K‗

3>

D* TCKC\KJÛO/ Co c{~b c~b|b {c gbo~jcoc kfo~bk~f njtck~f kfo if{ |tfqccnftc{ (c~jrsc~b) hscqf ft`âojkf z cg|brsc*/ [c nc{~ nc{~jo jobt btâ â so âtcb âtcb c{|c c{|ckç kçaj ajkb kb |btb |btb ib{ ib{ ~btc ~btcb{ b{ nc tckc tckc|k |kjû jûo o z qctja qctjajkb jkbkjû kjûo o nc ib{ ib{ gctkb gctkbok okçb{ çb{ co~t co~tbo bo~c ~c{) {) c{~b c{~b {ctâ {ctâ cokb cokbt` t`bn bnb b b osc{~tf |ct{fobi kfg|c~co~c z {c cg|icbtâ {jcg|tc ib nfksgco~bkjûo kfgf {fo= `sçb nc tcgj{jûo) ftnco nc kfg|tb |btb qctjajkbt if rsc {c hb |cnjnf kfo if rsc {c hb co~tc`bnf |ft |bt~c nci |tfqccnft/

GFNCIF NC @SJB NC TCGJ[JFO

33

âtcb nci nci big bigbkêo bkêo ~con ~contâ tâ ib{ ib{ njgco jgco{j {jf foc{ K* BIGBKCO/ Ci âtc b|tf b|tf|jb |jbnb nb{{ rsc rsc |ctg |ctgj~j j~jtâ tâ b osc{ osc{~t ~tb b cg|tc cg|tc{b {b ~coc ~coctt sob sob kfttc kfttck~ k~b b tf~bkjûo nc if{ jo{sgf{ z if{ |tfnsk~f{) z b{ç cqj~bt ib{ kfoas{jfoc{ z tjc{`f{ nc kfo~bgjobkjûo z sob jokfttck~b gboj|sibkjûo/ \btb c{~f s~jij}btcgf{ ib ~êkojkb kfofkjnb kfgf= ~êkojkb ktfgâ~jkb) rsc qjcoc b {ct ci ico`sbmc nc kfiftc{ nc s{f jo~ctof/ Co c{~b c~b|b nci |tfkc{f if`ç{~jkf {c bigbkcobtâ if{ gb~ctjbic{ co bncksbnb{ |f{jkjfoc{ ncdjnbgco~c jnco~jajkbnb{ kfgf= If{ |b{jiif{ nc nj{~tjdskjûo nci |tfnsk~f b if{ kfo~cocnftc{ nc tc|bt~f/ If rsc {c ~contâ co ksco~b {fo/ 31

  

Ib sdjkbkjûo nc if{ |tfnsk~f{ co ib{ }fob{ nc cg|brsc{ nc tc|bt~f/ Kfo~tfibt ib{ {bijnb{ nc if{ |tfnsk~f{ Ib nj{|f{jkjûo nc if{ |tfnsk~f{ bi ~tbo{|ft~c/

K* CG\BRSC^BNF/ C{ ib cokbt`bnb nc cgj~jt tcrsctjgjco~f{ bi âtcb nc kfg|tb{/ Co osc{ osc{~t ~tb b |ibo |ibo~b ~b of {c |tfn |tfnsk skjt jtâ â ojo` ojo`ýo ýo djco djco |ftr |ftrsc sc {fif {fif if kfgctkjbij}btcgf{ b{ç rsc {fif {c iicqbtb ci |tfkc{f nc {ciibnf nc gbtkb) {ciibnf nc ackhb) c~jrsc~bnf z ci cg|brsc~bnf iicqbonf b kbdf so c{~tjk~f kfo~tfi nc kbijnbn/ If{ |cnjnf{ {c tcbij}btâo kfo bo~jkj|bkjûo |btb sob û|~jgb `c{~jûo/ [c ~tbd ~tbdbm bmbt btâ â kfo kfo sob sob |tf` tf`tbg tbgbkjû bkjûo o nc ackh ackhb b{ nc |tfns tfnskk kkjû jûo o (cg|brsc~bnf nc hscqf{ ft`âojkf{* nc bksctnf b ib{ ockc{jnbnc{ nc if{ kijco~c{/ Bnrs Bnrsjtj jtjtt if{ if{ hscq hscqf{ f{ ft`â ft`âoj ojkf kf{) {) cg|b cg|brs rsc c z c~jr c~jrsc sc~b ~b nc bksc bksctnf tnf bi kâiksif nc kb|bkjnbn z qfisgco nc |tfnskkjûo (kfgctkjbij}bkjûo*/

Of{ bzsn bzsnbt btâ â bi kfo~ kfo~cf cf)) qctj qctjaj ajkb kbkj kjûo ûo z&f z&f C* JO JOQC QCO^ O^BT BTJF JF// Of{ kfoajtgbkjûo nc ib cxj{~cokjb nc if{ |tfnsk~f{ rsc {c tcrsjctco |btb ib kfgctkjbij}bkjûo nc hscqf{ ft`âojkf{ z crsj|f{ rsc {fo djcoc{ nc ib cg|tc{b) cg|tc{b) |btb kfoatfo~btib kfo ib cxj{~cokjb bof~bnb co ib{ hfmb{ nc cxj{~cokjb{/ Kfo ci {j{~cgb [J[^FKE ‛ [RI) {c |fntâ Cibdftb Ebtncx aç{jkf (djokbtn* z qbiftbnf) {binf nc {~fke (sojnbnc{*) {binf{ qbiftj}bnf{) tc|ft~c nc gfqjgjco~f{ nc jo`tc{f z {bijnb |ft }fob) kijco~c) qconcnft/ Cgj~c tc|ft~c nc if{ {~fke{ rsc c{~âo dbmf gçojgf/ Tc|ft~c nc {~fke |ft kbnb bigbkêo) ij{~bnf nc if{ |tfnsk~f{ |btb ib ~fgb nc joqco~btjf) bncgâ{ nc~ctgjob ci abi~bo~c z {fdtbo~c nc joqco~btjf{/

Osc{~tb cg|tc cg|tc{b {b ~ctkcbtj ~ctkcbtj}btâ }btâ ci |tfkc{ |tfkc{f f nc A* ^TBO[\FT^C/ Osc{~tb nj{~ nj{~tj tjds dskj kjûo ûo co ci |tfk |tfkc{ c{f f if`ç if`ç{~ {~jk jkf f zb rsc rsc cxj{ cxj{~c ~co o cg|t cg|tc{ c{b{ b{ nc 30

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Kb|bkj~bkjûo== Ib kb|bkj~bkjûo rsc ci |ct{fobi tckjdjtâ {ctâ :/4/4 Kb|bkj~bkjûo gco{sbi z njtj`jnf |ft ci @ctco~c @coctbi zb rsc {fgf{ sob |crscòb cg|tc{b z of {c ksco~b kfo ci kb|j~bi |btb kfo~tb~bt c{|ckjbij{~b{/ Ib kb|bkj~bkjûo kfo{j{~jtâ {fdtc ~cgb{ nc nc{bttfiif ibdftbi z |ct{fobi/ iicqbtâ tâ sob sob cqbi cqbisb sbkj kjûo ûo Cqbis bisbkj bkjûo ûo Nci \ct \ct{f {fobi obi= {c iicqb :/4/; Cq gco{sbi |btb jnco~jajkbt) gcnjt) cqbisbt z `c{~jfobt ci tconjgjco~f nc osc{~ osc{~tf tf{{ kfibd kfibdft ftbn bnft ftc{ c{ {fo {fo ib ajobi ajobijn jnbn bn nc qct qct {j ci ~tbd ~tbdbmb bmbnf nftt c{ |tfnsk~jqf z {j |fntâ gcmftbt {s tconjgjco~f co ci as~stf/ Qco~bmb{ nc ib Cqbisbkjûo nci Nc{cg|còf ․

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Gcmftb ci Nc{cg|còf= gcnjbo~c ib tc~tfbijgco~bkjûo {fdtc ci nc{cg|còf) ci `ctco~c iicqbtâ b kbdf bkkjfoc{ bncksbnb{ |btb gcmftbt ci nc{cg|còf/

Cqbisb sbkj kjûo ûo nci nci Nc Nc{c {cg| g|cò còf f \fiç~jkb{ \fiç~jkb{ nc Kfg|co{ Kfg|co{bkjû bkjûo= o= ib Cqbi bzsnb b ib{ |ct{fob{ rsc ~fgbo nckj{jfoc{ b nc~ctgjobt rsjêoc{ ncdco tckjdjt ~b{b{ nc bsgco~f/ Ci joktcgco~f {c db{btâ co ci 1;

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