LAUGVAM UVADPID KANAMN PIDMHD UIKILHBAVAAM LAV_A @AM UIM@I@IVAM HDAM MHLA CHJA (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) @H FALAH UIVHDAMAM FY@H@AXA AHV PA^AV (FUFAP) ZYMNAH NILAK, UVG_HMZH CAKFH
GLIB VAMH @^H AZPYPH
OADYLPAZ UIVHDAMAM @AM DILAYPAM YMH_IVZHPAZ VHAY UIDAMFAVY 651>
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LAUGVAM UVADPID KANAMN PIDMHD UIKILHBAVAAM LAV_A @AM UIM@I@IVAM HDAM MHLA CHJA (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) @H FALAH UIVHDAMAM FY@H@AXA AHV PA^AV (FUFAP) ZYMNAH NILAK, UVG_HMZH CAKFH
@ h ac uda ud am Zi Z ifanah Z alab Zatu Zatu Zyar Zyar at Ymtud Ki K imik mikpub Ych Yc h am Ur U r adtid dtid K anamn U a`a O adultas ultas Ui U ir h d amam mam `am `am D ilauta lautam Ymh Y mhvi virr shta sh tass Vh V h au
GLIB VAMH @^H AZPYPH
OADYLPAZ UIVHDAMAM @AM DILAYPAM YMH_IVZHPAZ VHAY UIDAMFAVY 651>
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DIKIMPIVHAM VHZIP, PIDMGLGNH @AM UIM@H@HDAM PHMNNH YMH_IVZHPAZ VHAY OADYLPAZ UIVHDAMAM @AM DILAYPAM
Cu`ul Uradtid
LIKFAVAM UIMNIZABAM 3 Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva @am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) @h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar (FUFAP) Zumnah Nilak, Urgvhmsh Cakfh
Maka Kabashswa
3 Vamh @wh Astuth
Mgkgr Kabashswa
3 105011:?56
Curusam
3 Fu`h`aya Uirahram
Urgnrak Ztu`h
3 Fu`h`aya Uirahram
@hsitucuh Glib
Ditua Curusam Fu`h`aya Uirahram
Uikfhkfhmn
Hr. Mhdim Ayu Uakudas, K.Zh MHU. 18?916591889166551 18?9165918891 66551
Bak`am Alawh, K.Zj. MHU. 189915651826111551 189915651826 111551
Pamnnal Ycham 3 68 Kih 651>
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VHMNDAZAM
VAMH @^H AZPYPH (105011:?56). Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja ( Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) @h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Zumnah Nilak, Dafupatim Kuarg Cakfh, Urgvhmsh Cakfh. @h fawab Fhkfhmnam Bak`am Alawh, K.Zj.
Hdam mhla chja (Grigjbrgkhs (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) kirupadam dgkg`htas ahr tawar umnnulam. Uimhmndatam prg`udsh fimhb `apat `hpirglib `arh prg`udsh larva yamn `hbashldam. Larva yamn firdualhtas fahd adam kim nbashldam fimhb yamn firdualhtas fahd pula. Uradtid kanamn hmh `hladsamadam pa`a 6: Camuarh sakpah 6: Oifruarh 651> `h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh yamn tirlitad `h @isa Zumnah Nilak, Dafupatim Kuarg Cakfh, Urgvhmsh Cakfh. Pucuam `arh pradtid kanamn hmh yahtu umtud kimnitabuh `am kikabakh lifhb kim`alak timtamn Uikilhbaram Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs ( Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) `h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh `am cuna umtud kimnitabuh pirkasalabam yamn `hba`aph sirta kimjarh altirmatho umtud kikijabdam pirkasalabam tirsifut. @alak dinhatam pradtid hmh, kitg`i yamn `hnumadam a`alab kiladudam pimnakatam sijara lamnsumn, `am kiladudam wawamjara dipa`a pinawah `h FUFAP Cakfh, sirta kimnnumadam stu`h lhtiratur. Dinhatam kanamn hmh kilhputh3 pikasamnam bapa, pikilhbaraam larva, pirshapam dglak pim`i`iram H, pimifaram larva di dglak pim`i`iram pim`i`iram H, pimnuduram dualhtas ahr, pikamimam fimhb. Uikhcabam hdam mhla chja `hladudam sijara alakh `alak dglak. Zitilab 15 barh hdam `htifar `alak dglak pikhcabam, `hladudam pamim larva pa`a barh di 11, 16, `am 1:. Uamim larva `hladudam pa`a panh `am sgri barh `imnam kimnnumadam sirgd balus. Larva yamn `hpamim `arh dglak pikhcabam `hpilhbara pa`a bapa silaka sikhmnnu, sitilab htu faru `hladudam pimifaram di dglak pim`i`iram.
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Pidmhd pim`i`iram larva hdam mhla chja yamn pirtaka `hladudam pirshapam dglak sipirth pimnirhmnam dglak, pikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak, pimnapuram, pikupudam `am pimnhsham ahr. Zukfir ahr `h`apat `arh ahr wa`ud. Zitilab Ziti lab prgsis pirshapam wa`ab silisah, silamcutmya `hladudam pimifaram. Cuklab larva yamn `htifar 19.555 idgr `imnam pa`at tifar ?5 idgr/k 6, pimifaram `hladudam panh barh jara pimifaram sijara lamnsumn, darima carad tikpub yamn `hfutubdam th`ad caub. Zibhmnna larva `apat `htifar sijara lamnsumn tampa pirlu `hladudammya adlhkathsash. Zukfir padam umtud larva kaupum fimhb kirupadam padam dgkirshl. Uilit umtud larva ukur 15 barh firupa pilit tipumn yamn `htifar sidilhlhmn bapa sijara kirata anar th`ad tirca`h pirifutam kadamam. Zitilab `ua khmnnu kasa pikilhbaraam adam `hfirh padam jrukfli. Bashl pamim `h`apat : uduram yahtu3 1-: jk :5%4 :-9 jk ?5%4 9-2 jk 15% `imnam ZV >5% yahtu 15.955 idgr larva yamn `hpamim.
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DAPA UIMNAMPAV
Uuch `am syudur `hujapdam diba`hrat Allab Z^P. darima atas firdat rabkat `am darumha-Mya pimulhs `apat kimyilisahdam Ysulam Uradtid Kanamn `imnam cu`ul “Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) `h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh Urgvhmsh Cakfh‛ sisuah `imnam rimjama yamn tilab `htimtudam. Uimulhs
kimnujapdam tirhka dashb yamn sifisar-fisarmya dipa`a Fapad Bak`am Alawh, K.Zj. sifanah @gsim Uikfhkfhmn, Fapad Fimmy Biltgmhda, Z.Uh. K.Zh siladu @gsim Uimnuch, Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh siladu pikfhkfhmn lapamnam, di`ua gramntua yamn silalu kikfirhdam `udumnammya `am ridam-ridam yamn tilab kikfamtu `alak kimyilisahdam Lapgram Uradtid Kanamn hmh. @alak pimyusum Lapgram Uradtid Kanamn hmh `hsa`arh kashb famyad diduramnam `am disalabam. Ymtud disikpurmaam usulam hmh `hbarapdam drhthd `am saram `arh sikua phbad yamn firshoat kikfamnum. Zikgna Lapgram Uradtid Kanamn hmh `apat kimca`h pam`uam fanh pimulhs `alak kiladsamadammya `am cuna `apat firnuma umtud ridam-ridam `h kasa yamn adam `atamn.
Uidamfaru,
Kih 651>
Vamh @wh Astuth
hv
@AOPAV HZH
HZH
Balakam
.................................................................... ............................................. ................................... ............. hh h VHMNDAZAM ............................................. .................................................................. ............................................. ...................... hhhv DAPA UIMNAMPAV ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................ ...................................... ................ hvh @AOPAV HZH @AOPAV HZH ............................................ ................................................................ ............................................ ................................ .......... vh @AOPAV PAFIL @AOPAV PAFIL .......................................... @AOPAV NAKFAV @AOPAV NAKFAV .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ......................... ... vhhx @AOPAV LAKUHVAM @AOPAV LAKUHVAM ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................. .......................... ... x H. UIM@AYLYAM
1.1. Latar Filadamn ............................................ ................................................................... ............................................. ......................... ... 1 1.6. Pucuam `am Kamoaat ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................ ...................... 6 HH. PHMCAYAM UYZPADA
6.1 Dlashohdash `am Kgroglgnh Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs ( Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus).............. : 6.6. Kadam `am Difhasaam Difhasa am Kadam Hdam Mhla Chja ....................................... .............................................. ....... 0 6.:. Bafhtat `am Uimyifaram ........................................... ................................................................. .................................... .............. 0 6.0. Uikhcabam Zijara Alakh Hdam Mhla Chja ........................................ ...................................................... .............. 9 6.9. Uikikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja C hja ........................................... ......................................................... .............. 9 6.?. Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja ....................................... ............................................................. .................................... .............. ? 6.>. Uirshapam Dglak.......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ......................... ... ? 6.2. Uimamnnulamnam Baka `am Uimyadht Hdam Mhla Chja ........................ ................................... ........... 2 HHH. KIPG@I UVADPID
:.1. ^adtu `am Pikpat ..................................................... ........................................................................... ............................... ......... 15 :.6. Fabam `am Alat ............................................ ................................................................... ............................................. ........................ 15 :.:. Kitg`i Uradtid Kanamn Ka namn ....................................................... ........................................................................... .................... 11 :.0. Urgsi`ur Uradtid Kanamn Ka namn ..................................................... ......................................................................... .................... 11 :.0.1. Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Uikil hbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja ........................................ ........................................ 11 :.0.6. Pidmhd Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja .............................. .................................................... ........................ 16 :.0.:. Uimamnnulamnam Baka `am Uimyadht................................................. Uimyadht................................................. 10 :.9. Amalhshs @ata .............................................................. .................................................................................... ............................... ......... 10 H_. @IDZHUZH LGDAZH KANAMN
0.1. Litad Nignraohs `am A`khmhstratho FUFAP Cakfh ................................... ................................... 1> 0.6. Zicarab Fir`hrhmya FUFAP Cakfh ........................................................... ............................................................. 1> 0.:. Oumnsh `am Punas FUFAP Cakfh .............................................. .............................................................. ................ 12 0.0. _hsh `am Khsh Khs h FUFAP Cakfh C akfh .......................................... ................................................................. ........................... .... 65
v
0.9. Ztrudtur Grnamhsash FUFAP Cakfh ...................................................... ........................................................... ..... 61 0.?. Zukfir @aya Kamusha FUFAP Cakfh ............................... ..................................................... ........................ 6: 0.>. Zarama @am Urasarama FUFAP Cakfh ....................................................... ....................................................... 69 0.2. Urgnrak Dirca FUFAP Cakfh C akfh ............................................ ................................................................... ....................... 62 _. BAZHL KANAMN
9.1. Ca`wal Dinhatam Kanamn FUFAP Cakfh ......................................... .................................................. ......... 68 9.6. Dinhatam Xamn Xam n @hladudam Zilaka Kanamn ......................................... .............................................. ..... :5 9.:. Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja ............................................... ............................................... :6 9.6.1. Zukfir Larva........................................ Larva.............................................................. ............................................ ........................ :6 9.6.6. Uamim Larva Mhla Chja .................................. ........................................................ ...................................... ................ :0 9.6.:. Uikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja C hja ........................................... .................................................... ......... :9 9.0. Pidmhd Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Mhla Chja C hja .................................................. .................................................. :9 9.0.1. Uirshapam ^a`ab Dglak Uim`i`iram H............................................. H............................................... :9 9.0.6. Ua`at Pifar `am Pidmhd Uimifaram Fimhb Hdam Mhla Chja.................. Chja .................. :8 9.0.:. Uadam `am Uikfirham Uadam .......................................... .............................................................. .................... 05 9.0.0. Kamacikim Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja C hja ...... 01 9.0.9. Uikamimam Fimhb Hdam Mhla Chja C hja ............................ .................................................. ........................... ..... 09 9.?. Kamacikim Uimyadht Hdam Mhla Chja C hja .......................................... .......................................................... ................ 0? _H. UIKFABAZAM
?.1. Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja ............................................... ............................................... 0> ?.1.1. Zukfir Larva........................................ Larva.............................................................. ............................................ ........................ 0> ?.1.6. Uamim Larva Mhla Chja .................................. ........................................................ ...................................... ................ 0> ?.1.:. Uikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja C hja ........................................... .................................................... ......... 02 ?.:. Pidmhd Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Mhla Chja C hja .................................................. .................................................. 02 ?.:.1. Uirshapam ^a`ab Dglak Uim`i`iram H............................................. H............................................... 02 ?.:.6. Ua`at Pifar `am Pidmhd Uimifaram ....................................... ................................................... ............ 02 ?.:.:. Uadam `am Uikfirham Uadam .......................................... .............................................................. .................... 08 ?.:.0. Kamacikim Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja C hja ...... 08 ?.:.9 Uikamimam Fimhb Hdam Mhla Chja ............................. ................................................... ........................... ..... 08 ?.0. Kamacikim Uimyadht Hdam Mhla Chja C hja .......................................... .......................................................... ................ 95 _HH. DIZHKUYLAM @AM ZAVAM
>.1. Dishkpulam ................................ ...................................................... ............................................ .......................................... .................... 91 >.6. Zaram .......................... ................................................. .............................................. ............................................. .................................. ............ 91 @AOPAV UYZPADA @AOPAV UYZPADA LAKUHVAM
vh
@AOPAV PAFIL
Pafil
Balakam
1. Fabam Ymtud Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) ........ 15 6. Alat Ymtud Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) ........... 15 :. Phmndat Uim`h`hdam Pimana Dirca @h FUFAP Cakfh ...................................... ...................................... 60 0. Cuklab Uinawah FUFAP Cakfh Fir`asardam Ztatus Dipinawahammya ........... 69 9 Dglak Xamn Pir`apat Ua`a FUFAP Cakfh............................................ ..................................................... ......... 69 ? Batjbiry Xamn @hkhlhdh Glib FUFAP Cakfh......................................... .................................................. ......... 6? >. Zarama Pramspgrtash Xamn @hkhldh Glib FUFAP Cakfh............................. Cakfh.................................. ..... 6> 2. Famnumam Xamn @hkhlhdh Glib FUFAP Cakfh ......................... ............................................... ........................ 6> 8. Ca`wal Dinhatam Kanamn @h FUFAP Cakfh C akfh........................................... .................................................... ......... 68 15. Dinhatam Xamn Xam n @hladudam Zilaka Kanamn @h FUFAP Cakfh ....................... ....................... :5 11 Dam`umnam Mutrhsh Uadam Larva `am Fimhb. ........................................... .................................................... ......... 05 16 Uirdikfamnam `am Uirtukfubam Ui rtukfubam Larva.......................................................... Larva............................................................ 06 1:. Bashl Uimnuduram L,^k, `am ZNV ................................................ ................................................................ ................ 0: 10. Dulhatas Ahr Zilaka Uikilhbaraam Larva `h Bapa .......................................... .......................................... 00 19. Dulhatas Ahr Zilaka Uim`i`iram Larva @h Dglak Uim`i`iram F9 ................ 00 1?. Bashl Uamim Uim`i`iram H.............................................. H.................................................................... .................................. ............ 09
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@AOPAV NAKFAV
Nakfar
Balakam
1. Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs Mhlgthjus) Mhlgthjus) .......................................... ............................................................ .................. : 6. Ztrudtur Grnamhsash FUFAP Cakfh .......................................... ................................................................. ....................... 6: 0
Uimyirgdam Larva Ua`a Dglak Uikhcabam ............................................ ..................................................... ......... :9
9
Urgsis Uimnirhmnam Dglak ........................................... ................................................................. .................................. ............ :?
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Uikfalhdam Pamab @asar Dglak.......................................... ................................................................. ........................... .... :>
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Uimnapuram Pamab @asar Dglak .......................................... ................................................................. ........................... .... :>
2
Uikupudam Pamab @asar Dglak .......................................... ................................................................. ........................... .... :2
8
Uimnhsham Ahr Dglak Dglak ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................. ......................... :8
15 (A) pirbhtumnam larva idgr/sim`gd (F) pirbhtumam larva sim`gd/damtgmn ...... 05 11 Uikfirham Uadam Larva Ua`a Bapa ................................. ....................................................... ............................... ......... 01 16 Uikfirham Uadam Zidilhlhmn Zid ilhlhmn Dglak ............................................ ................................................................ .................... 01 1: Naohd Uirtakfabam Fgfgt larva Uirkhmnnu ................................... ................................................... ................ 06 10 Nraohd Uirdikfamnam Uamcamn Larva Uirkhmnnu .......................................... ............................................ 0: 19. Uikamimam Fimhb ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ........................... ..... 09
vhhh
@AOPAV LAKUHVAM
Lakphram
Balakam
1. Uita Lgdash Kanamn @isa Zumnah Nilak ......................................... ......................................................... ................ 99 6. Lay Gut FUFAP Cakfh C akfh ............................ ................................................... ............................................. .................................. ............ 9? : Pafil Uimnuduram Fgfgt @am Uamcamn Larva .......................................... ................................................... ......... 9> 0. Amalhshs @ata Urhkir ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................. ........................ 92 9. Pafil Dinhatam Zilaka Kanamn ........................................ .............................................................. ............................... ......... 92 ?. Alat `am Fabam yamn @hnumadam Zilaka Uradtid Uradt id Kanamn .............................. ?> >. Dinhatam yamn @hladudam Zilaka Kanamn ........................................... ....................................................... ............ ?8
1
H. UIM@AYLYAM
1.1. Latar Filadamn
Hdam mhla bh`up `hpirahram ahr tawar bakphr `h silurub hm`gmisha. Cimhs hdam hmh sifimarmya fudam aslh Hm`gmisha. Bafhtat aslh hdam mhla a`alab sumnah Mhl `am `airab pirahram sidhtarmya. Kimurut sicarabmya, hdam mhla kasud di Hm`gmisha pa`a tabum 18?8. Hdam mhla `h`atamndam glib glib Falah Uimilhtham Uirhdamam Ahr Pawar (FUAP) Fgngr `arh Pahwam. Zitilab `htilhth `am `hladudam a`aptash, hdam hmh kulah `hsifardam di fifirapa `airab `h Hm`gmisha. Mhla a`alab maka dbas Hm`gmisha yamn `hfirhdam pikirhmtab kilaluh @hridtur Cim`iral Uirhdamam. Maka tirsifut `hakfhl `arh maka spishis hdam hmh, yadmh mhlgthja yamn diku`ham `ha`aptash kimca`h mhla (Zutamtg, 6519). Hdam mhla kirupadam hdam ahr tawar yamn judup pgpulir `hdimal luas glib kasyaradat Hm`gmisha. Glib darima htu, hdam mhla tirkasud dgkg`htas umnnulam `alak fhsmhs pirhdamam ahr tawar. Uirkhmtaam yamn fisar tirba`ap hdam mhla kimnadhfatdam fu`h`aya hdam mhla sikadhm firdikfamn `am kimca`h la`amn fhsmhs yamn kimcamchdam. Uirdikfamnam hdam mhla cuna `h`udumn famyadmya pimilhtham timtamn hdam mhla sibhmnna sidaramn famyad `hbashldam cimhs hdam mhla umnnulam (Uraygna, 6511). Chja a`alab sifuab likfana `gmgr `arh Cipamn. Pabum 6556, Chja fidirca saka `imnam FFAP Cakfh kiladudam ridayasa nimiths strahm hdam mhla bashl pimilhtham Dangsbhka Ohsbirhis Visiarjb Ztathgm , Cipamn `h Cakfh. Pabum 6550 `hbashldam hdam mhla umnnul yamn `hmakadam strahm Chja. Zifanham kasyaradat Cakfh kimyifut mhla strahm Chja `imnam maka mhla dangsbhka. Diumnnulam hdam
6
mhla chja `h fam`hmndam `imnam hdam mhla cimhs lahmmya yahtu hdam mhla chja lifhb jipat pirtukfubammya (65%), hdam mhla chja lifhb hrht padam 69 % `am tabam tirba`ap pimyadht (Nbuoram, 6515). Ditirsi`haam fimhb yamn tirfatas kirupadam dim`ala `alak kimhmndatdam prg`udsh pirhdamam, sibhmnna usaba pikfimhbam kirupadam usaba yamn samnat pimthmn pa`a sidtgr fu`h`aya pirhdamam. Dinhatam pikfimhbam adam firbashl chda kimnuasah fanham pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram. Uikilhbaram larva `am pim`i`iram
kirupadam
oadtgr
pimthmn
`alak
kimimtudam
difirbashlam
pimyi`haam fimhb yamn firdualhtas `am firduamthtas fahd sijara tirus-kimirus `alak usaba fu`h`aya pirhdamam. Fir`asardam latar filadamn `hatas, kada pimulhs tirtarhd umtud kiladudam pradtid kanamn `imnam cu`ul Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs ( Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) `h FUFAP Cakfh. 1.6. Pucuam `am Kamoaat
Uradtid kanamn hmh firtucuam umtud kimnitabuh sirta kiladudam pradtid Pidmhd Uikilhbaram Larva `am Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs ( Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) `h FUFAP Cakfh `am cuna umtud kimnitabuh pirkasalabam yamn `hba`aph sirta kimjarh altirmatho umtud kikijabdam pirkasalabam tirsifut. Kamoaat yamn `hbarapdam `alak pradtid kanamn hmh a`alab `apat kiladudam pradtid tidmhd Pidmhd Uikilhbaram Larva `am Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) sijara lamnsumn, kimakfab wawasam, pimnalakam `am ditirakphlam kabashswa `alak kimirapdam hlku yamn `htidumh umtud `hca`hdam fidal `h kasa yamn adam `atamn `alak kimygmnsgmn `umha dirca.
:
HH. PHMCAYAM UYZPADA
Gr igjbrg jbr gkh s mhlgt mh lgthh jus) 6.1 Dlashohdash `am Kgroglgnh Hdam Mhla Chja (Gri Dlashohdash hdam mhla yahtu yahtu Ohluk3 Jbgr`ata, Jbgr`ata, Zuf-ohluk3 _irtifrata, _irtifrata, Dilas3 Gstihjbtbyis, Zuf-dilas3 Ajamtbgptbirhnhh, Gr`g3 Uirjgkgrpbh, Zuf-gr`g3 Uirjgh`ia,
Oakhly3
Jhjblh`ai,
Nimus3 Grigjbrgkhs,
Zpishis3 Grigjbrgkhs
mhlgthjus (Milsgm, 1820).
Gr igjbrg jbr gkh s mhlgt mh lgthh jus) Nakfar 1. Hdam Mhla Chja (Gri (Zukfir3 Milsgm, 1820) 1820 ) Pufub hdam mhla chja firwarma puthb dibhtakam, kadhm di pirut kadhm tiramn. Kikpumyah narhs virthdal 8-11 fuab firwarma bhcau difhruam. Ua`a shrhp idgr tir`apat ?-16 narhs kilhmtamn yamn ucumnmya firwarma dikirab-kirabam, si`amndam pumnnumnmya pumnnumnmya tir`apat narhs-narhs khrhmn (Dgr`h, ( Dgr`h, 6555). Hdam mhla chja kirupadam cimhs hdam dgmsuksh ahr tawar `imnam fimtud tufub kikamcamn `am rakphmn, `imnam shshd firuduram fisar. Katamya fisar, kimgmcgl, `am fanham tiphmya firwarma puthb. Nurat shsh ( lhmia latiralhs) latiralhs) tirputus `hfanham timnab fa`am diku`ham firlamcut, titaph litadmya lifhb difawab `arh pa`a litad narhs yamn kikamcamn `hatas shrhp `a`a (Zaamhm, 182?). 182?).
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Zijara alakh, Hdam Mhla chja fhsa kikhcab sipamcamn tabum `h `airab trgphs. Oriduimsh pikhcabam yamn tirfamyad tirca`h pa`a kushk bucam. @h alakmya, hdam mhla chja fhsa kikhcab ?-> dalh `alak sitabum. Firarth rata-rata sithap `ua fulam sidalh hdam mhla chja adam firdikfamn fhad. Hdam hmh kimjapah sta`huk `iwasa pa`a ukur 0-9 fulam `imnam fgfgt sidhtar 695 nrak (Arhi, 6551). 6.6. Kadam `am Difhasaam Kadam Hdam Mhla Chja
Mhla chja tirnglgmn hdam pikadam sinala atau gkmhvgra sibhmnna fhsa kimngksuksh kadamam firupa biwam kaupum tukfubam. Darima htulab, hdam hmh samnat
ku`ab
`hfu`h`ayadam. Dithda
kashb
fimhb,
kadamam
yamn
`hsudah hdam mhla chja a`alab zggplamdtgm (plamdtgm biwamh), sipirth Vgthoira sipirth Vgthoira sp., sp., Kghma sp., Kghma sp., @apbmha @apbmha sp. Zilahm htu cuna kikamnsa alna atau lukut yamn kimikpil pa`a fim`a-fim`a `hbafhtat bh`upmya. Hdam mhla cuna kikadam tamakam ahr yamn tukfub `h dglak fu`h`aya. Chda tilab kimjapah uduram `iwasa, hdam mhla chja fhsa `hfirh firfanah kadamam takfabam, khsalmya Uillit (Dbahrukam, 6552). 6.:. Bafhtat `am Uimyifaram
Hdam mhla chja kikhlhdh tgliramsh yamn thmnnh tirba`ap lhmndumnam bh`upmya sibhmnna fhsa `hpilhbara `h `ataram rim`ab yamn firahr payau bhmnna `h `ataram thmnnh yamn firahr tawar. Bafhtat bh`up hdam mhla chja judup firanak, `arh sumnah, `amau, rawa, wa`ud, sawab, dglak bhmnna takfad. Hdam mhla chja `apat tukfub sijara mgrkal pa`a dhsaram subu 10-:2³J `am `apat kikhcab sijara alakh pa`a subu 66-:>³J. Ymtud pirtukfubam `am pirdikfamnfhadam, subu gpthkal fanh hdam mhla chja a`alab 69-:5³J. Uirtukfubam hdam mhla chja fhasamya adam tirnamnnu chda subu bafhtatmya lifhb rim`ab `arh 10³J atau pa`a subu thmnnh :2³J. Hdam mhla chja adam kimnalakh dikatham pa`a subu ?³J atau 06³J (Zujhptg, 6559).
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6.0. Uikhcabam Zijara Alakh Hdam Mhla Chja
Urgsis pirdawhmam hm`ud camtam `am hm`ud fithma sakpah kimnbashldam larva `hsifut pikhcabam. Mhla chja camtam adam kikfuat saramn pa`a `asar dglak diku`ham kimnum`amn fithma umtud firtilur pa`a saramn htu, dithda tilur-tilur mhla chja fithma diluar, mhla chja camtam adam kikfuabh `imnam jara kimyikprgtdam jahram spirkaya dirilur-tilur tirsifut. Zitilab tilu-tilur htu `hfuabh glib hm`ud camtam, kada hm`ud fithma dikfalh kimyhkpam tilur -tilur htu di`alak kulutmya. @alak fifirapa barh saca tilur-tilur htu adam kimitas. Dithda tilur kimitas hmh `hsifut `imnam larva. Larva a`alab amad hdam yamn firukur 1-9 barh. Ua`a usha hmh, hm`ud fithma adam kimcana amad-amad hdam hmh `imnam kimyhkpam `am kimnakamdam `alak kulutmya (Urathwh, 6519). Ua`a kasa kikhcab hdam mhla chja kikfutubdam subu amtara 66-6>µJ. Dia`aam pB ahr amtara 9-1 `apat `htgliramsh glib hdam mhla, pB gpthkal umtud pirdikfamnfhadam `am pirtukfubam hdam hmh a`alab >-2. Hm`ud yamn `hpilhbara `alak dgmsimtrash gdshnim 9 kn/l kimnbashldam cuklab tilur `am oridwimsh pikhcabam yamn thmnnh (Zuthsma, 1888). 1888). 6.9. Uikikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja
Ykukmya hm`ud mhla chja adam kikhcab sijara firtabap sitilab `h pasamndam silaka sikhmnnu. Zitilab larva mhla chja kimitas `am `hfhardam glib hm`udya, larva hdam hmh adam kimjarh kadam `am firnirgkfgl dikamapum kirida pirnh. Larva adam takpad firnirgkfgl `h tiph dglak. Larva kulah `h pamim `imnam jara `hsirgd sithap panh `am sgri barh. Larva tirsifut `hdukpuldam fir`asardam uduram. Ykukmya, larva yamn tirdukpul `alak khmnnu yamn saka
?
`hamnnap satu diturumam. Larva adam `h takpumn pa`a bapa `am `h pilhbar a silaka satu khmnnu diku`ham `htifar pa`a dglak pim`i`iram (Munrgbg, 6552). 6.?. Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja
Uim`i`iram
a`alab
dinhatam
pikilhbaraam
sifiluk
pikfisaram.
Uim`i`iram `apat `hladudam `h dglak dbusus umtud pim`i`iram atau `alak bapa/warhmn. Uim`i`iram `hladudam `alak `ua tabap 3 pim`i`iram pirtaka (pim`i`iram H) `am pim`i`iram di`ua (pim`i`iram HH). Uim`i`iram H a`alab pikilhbaraam fimhb yamn firasal `arh bashl dinhatam pikfimhbam firuduram 1-: jk `am `hpilhbara silaka 6 ‚ : khmnnu sibhmnna kimjapah uduram :-9 jk pir idgr (Cu`amtrh, 6552). Uim`i`iram HH a`alab pikilhbaraam fimhb bashl pim`i`iram H (uduram :-9 jk) kimca`h uduram 9 ‚ 2 jk `imnam laka pikilhbaraam duramn lifhb : khmnnu. Pucuam pim`i`iram sijara firtabap amtara lahm umtud kikpirglib hdam firuduram siranak, fahd pamcamn kaupum firat, sirta umtud kikfirh fimhb disikpatam kim`apatdam kadamam sibhmnna pirtukfubammya adam saka pula. Apafhla fimhb hdam mhla chja `h`i`irdam satu tabap saca, `hdbawathrdam udurammya th`ad siranak darima pimifaram tirlalu pa`at. Ua`at pimifaram yamn `hamcurdam `ha mcurdam umtud pim`i`iram H sifamyad >9 ‚ 155 155 idgr/k 6, pim`i`iram HH 95 idgr/ k 6, `am pim`i`iriam HHH 69 idgr/ k6. Uim`i`iram HHH caramn `hladudam (Cu`amtrh, ( Cu`amtrh, 6552). 6.>. Uirshapam Dglak
Dglak yamn `hnumadam umtud pim`i`iram fhsa firupa dglak tamab `imnam pikatamn `arh sikim. Dglak tirsifut barus `apat kimakpumn ahr `imnam fahd `am th`ad fgjgr sirta ku`ab `hdirhmndam. Dgmstrudsh `asar dglak `husabadam khrhmn diarab pimniluaram ahr anar pa`a saat pamim dglak `apat `hdirhmndam tgtal.
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Zifiluk `hnumadam, dglak `hdirhmndam lifhb `ulu silaka :-0 barh sakpah tamab `asar dglak ritad-ritad. Pucuammya umtud kikfumub baka `am fhfht pimyadht (Fajbthar, 6515). a)
Uikupudam
Ymtud kimukfubdam padam alakh, dglak pim`i`iram `hpupud `imnam pupud grnamhd `am amgrnamhd. Uupud grnamhd yamn `hnumadam firupa pupud dam`amn sipirth dgtgram ayak yamn su`ab dirhmn sifamyad 055-955 nrak/k 6. Uupud amgrnamhd firupa pupud fuatam, yahtu pupud PZU `am uria kashmn-kashmn `imnam `gshs 19 nrak/k 6. Zitilab silisah pikupudam, sinira lamcutdam `imnam pikfirham dapur pirtamham sifamyad 69 nrak/k 6. Dapur firoumnsh umtud kikfumub fhfht-fhfht pimyadht sirta umtud kimahddam pB (Dbahrukam, 651:). f)
Uimnhsham ahr
Zitilab dglak silisah `hpupud, lamndab silamcutmya a`alab pikasamnam sarhmnam phmtu ahr kasud umtud kimjinab anar hdam-hdam yamn `hpilhbara th`ad diluar `am kimutup phmtu ahr diluar. Dglak `hhsh ahr sijara firtabap umtud kikfirhdam disikpatam pupud firiadsh `am kimyufurdam ahr dglak umtud pimukfubam padam alakh. Kula-kula dglak `hhsh sakpah dithmnnham 95 jk, barh silamcutmya `htakfab sakpah >9-155 jk. dglak yamn su`ab tirhsh ahr `hfhardam silaka 0-9 barh. Zilamcutmya fimhb `apat `hlipas sisuah `imnam pa`at pimifaram yamn `hamcurdam (Nbuoram, 651:). 6.0.6. Uimifaram Fimhb
Fimhb yamn `htifar ukukmya firuduram 1-: jk atau :-9 jk. pimifaram fimhb `hladudam pa`a panh atau sgri barh pa`a saat subu kashb rim`ab. Fhla fimhb mhla chja firasal `arh tikpat lahm yamn lgdashmya caub `arh pim`i`iram, pirlu
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`hladudam adlhkathsash atau pimyisuaham anar fimhb th`ad sitris. Jaramya, fhardam wa`ab atau damtgmn plasthd firhsh fimhb kimnapumn fifirapa kimht `h atas pirkudaam ahr dglak. Diku`ham plasthd `hfuda `am kasuddam si`hdht `ikh si`hdht ahr dglak di`alak plasthd, sakpah dgm`hsh ahr `h`alak plasthd kim`itidsh ahr dglak. Fhardam fimhb mhla chja `hdamtgmn plasthd diluar `imnam sim`hrhmya di dglak pim`i`iram (Dbahrukam, 6511). 6.0.:. Uikfirham Uadam
Anar tukfub `imnam fahd, silahm kikadam kadamam alakh yamn a`a `h dglak, fimhb pirlu `hfirh kadamam takfabam firupa tipumn pillit balus (udurammya lifhb fisar `arhpa`a tipumn). Uikfirham kadamam takfabam hmh sifamyad :-9% `arh firat tgtal fimhb yamn `hpilhbara `am `hladudam 6-: dalh sibarh pa`a panh, shamn `am sgri barh (Munrgbg, (Munrgbg, 6511). 6.0.0. Kamacikim Kamacikim Dualhtas Ahr Hdam Hdam Mhla Mhla Chja
Dualhtas ahr samnat pimthmn `hpirbathdam `alak dinhatam pim`i`iram. Zubu yamn fahd umtud pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja a`alab 62-:5 5J. Zi`amndam gdshnim tirlarut sifisar ?-2 ppk. Uirtukfubam hdam kulah tirnamnnu pa`a subu
≠ 125J `am ≩ :55J. Ua`a subu gpthkuk, pirtukfubam hdam mgrkal. Zubu ahr samnat firpimnarub pa`a pa`a lacu kitafglhski hdam. Uirufabam tikpiratur yamn tirlalu `rasths `apat kimhkfuldam namnnuam ohshglgnhs hdam yamn `apat kimyifafdam hdam striss (Zuyamtg, 6515). 6.2. Uimamnnulamnam Baka Baka `am Uimyadht Hdam Mhla Chja
Baka `am pimyadht `apat kimyifafdam nanalmya usaba pim`i`iram. Glib sifaf htu, lamndab yamn palhmn tipat a`alab pimjinabam. Baka yamn ukuk kimyiramn fimhb hdam a`alab sirg, ular atau filut. Ysaba pimjinabam yamn `apat
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`hladudam a`alab `imnam kikfirshbdam lhmndumnam dglak anar baka-baka tirsifut th`ad firsaramn. fir saramn. Ymtud pimjinabam pimyadht, dualhtas ahr dglak barus `hcana `am pikfirham padam barus sisuah difutubam hdam (Arhi, 6556).
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HHH. KIPG@I UVADPID
:.1. ^adtu `am Pikpat
Uradtid kanamn hmh `hladsamadam pa`a 6: Camuarh sakpah 6: Oifruarh 651> `h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh yamn tirlitad `h @isa Zumnah Nilak, Dafupatim Kuarg Cakfh, Urgvhmsh Cakfh. :.6. Fabam `am Alat
Fabam-fabam yamn `hnumadam pa`a Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) `h FUFAP Cakfh `apat `hlhbat pa`a tafil 1. Pafil 1. Fabam Ymtud Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Mhla Chja ( Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) Fabam Oumnsh Larva hdam mhla chja Zifanah larva yamn adam `htifardam Ahr tawar Ki`ha bh`up Uilit Uadam Hdam Dapur tgbgr Kikfumub baka `am pimyadht sirta kimahddam pB Uupud dam`amn Ymtud kimukfubdam padam alakh
Zi`amndam alat-alat yamn `hnumadam pa`a Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) `h FUFAP Cakfh `apat `hlhbat pa`a tafil 6. Pafil 6. Alat Ymtud Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Mhla Chja ( Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) Alat Oumnsh Bapa ^a`ab `alak prgsis pikilhbaraam larva Zirgd Ymtud kimnakfhl sakplhmn larva sirta umtud pikamima larva Zim`gd tadar Zakplhmn larva Hmstalash airash Zukfir gdshnim lirlarut Nayumn Uikfirham padam Urgohli prgcijtgr Kimnakath pirtakfabam pamcamn larva Phkfamnam amalhthd Kimnakath pirtakfabam firat larva Naru dayu Ymtud pikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak
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Pirkgkitir Ikfir Zijbh `hsd Fgtgl sakpil Damtgmn plasthd Zpidtgogtgkitir Kitiram Carhmn Ikfir nra`hmn Dakira @hnhtal Alat Pulhs `am duhshgmir Uimnarhs
Ymtud kimnudur subu pirahram dglak Ymtud tikpat sakpil hdam `am umtud tikpat pirbhtumnam larva. Ymtud kimnudur dijirabam pirahram dglak Ymtud tikpat sakpil ahr dglak Ymtud tikpat pimnamndutam larva di dglak pim`i`iram Ymtud kimnudur @G, pB `am akgmhad ahr dglak Ymtud kimnudur luas `am thmnnh dglak Ymtud alat pamim fimhb hdam mhla chja Ymtud nra`hmn fimhb yamn su`ab `hpamim @gdukimtash @gdukimtash `am kim`apatdam hmogrkash Kimnudur pirtakfabam pamcamn fimhb
:.:. Kitg`i Uradtid Kanamn
Kitg`i yamn `hnumadam `alak pradtid kanamn hmh a`alab pradtid lamnsumn. @ata yamn `hdukpuldam kilhputh `ata prhkir `am `ata sidum`ir. @ata prhkir `hpirglib lamnsumn `arh wawamjara `imnam pinawah FUFAP Cakfh. @ata sidum`ir `hpirglib `arh @hmas Uirhdamam, Dipala @isa sitikpat `am hmstamsh tirdaht yamn firbufumnam `imnam `ata yamn `hpirludam sirta `htakfab `imnam lhtiratur yamn kim`udumn dilimndapam `am dicilasam kimnimah `ata yamn `h`apatdam tirsifut. :.0. Urgsi`ur Uradtid Kanamn
Zijara narhs fisar prgsi`ur `alak piladsaam pradtid kanamn Pimhd Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) `h FUFAP Cakfh a`alab sifanah firhdut3 :.0.1. Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja
1. Zukfir larva Zukfir larva `h`apat `arh prg`udsh sim`hrh glib FUFAP cakfh. Zukfir larva `h `apat `arh dinhatam pikhcabam hdam mhla chja sijara alakh. Hm`ud mhla chja
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yamn tilab `hsilidsh, `h tifar pa`a dglak pikhcabam. Zitilab sikhmnnu `h tifar, larva hdam mhla chja adam takpad pa`a phmnnhr-phmnnhr dglak. 6. Uikamimam Larva Uamim larva `hladudam pa`a barh di 11, 16, `am 1: sitilab hm`ud `hkasuddam di dglak pikhcabam. Uamim larva `hladudam pa`a panh `am sgri barh `imnam kimnnumadam sirgd balus. Larva mhla `h takpumn tirlifhb `abulu `h bapa `am sitilab larva tirdukpul faru `hladudam pimifaram di dglak pim`i`iram. :. Uikilhbaraam larva Uikilhbaraam larva `h ladudam `h bapa. Larva adam `h pilhbara `h bapa silaka sikhmnnu, sirta prgsis pimnukpulam larva `arh dglak pikhcabam titap `hladudam. Bapa `h pasamn pa`a phmtu pikasudam ahr `h dglak pikhcabam. Bal hmh firtucuam anar gdshnim umtud larva titap tirpimubh. :.0.6. Pidmhd Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja 1. Uirshapam Dglak Uim`i`iram Uim`i`iram a. Uimnirhmnam dglak
Uimnirhmnam `hladudam `imnam jara kimutup phmtu kasud ahr `am `a m kikfuda phmtu pimniluaram ahr. Zilahm htu `hfamtu `imnam kishm pgkpa umtud kikpirjipat prgsis pimnirhmnam ahr. f. Uikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak
Uikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak `hladudam `imnam kimnnumadam naru dayu. Uikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak pirtaka `hladudam pa`a phmnnhr dglak umtud kimnalhrdam shsa ahr di phmtu pimniluaram ahr. Zilamcutmya `h ladudam pikfalhdam pa`a silurub pirkudaam tamab `asar dglak j. Uimnapuram
1:
Uimnapuram `h ladudam sitilab prgsis pimnirhmnam dglak `am pikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak. Uimnapuram `hladudam `imnam jara kimifar dapur `hsilurub pirkudaam tamab `asar dglak. `. Uikupudam
Uikupudam `hladudam `imnam jara kimifar pupud disilurub tamab `asar dglak, `imnam jara sipirth htu pupud `apat tirsifar kirata. Uupud yamn `hnumadam a`alab pupud grnamhd atau pupud dam`amn. i. Uimnhsham ahr
Uimnhsham ahr `hladudam `imnam jara kikfuda phmtu pikasudam ahr sirta kimutup phmtu pimniluaram ahr. Uimnhsham ahr `hfamtu `imnam kishm pgkpa ahr umtud kikfamtu prgsis pimnhsham ahr. 6. Uimifaram Fimhb
Zifiluk kiladudam pimifaram fimhb, bal pirtaka yamn `hladudam yahtu kimnbhtumn cuklab larva yamn tilab `h takpumn `alak bapa. Zilamcutmya `hladudam pimifaram fimhb. Uimifaram fimhb `hladudam sijara lamnsumn tampa kiladudam adlhkathsash, bal hmh `h darimadam carad tikpub umtud pikhm`abam larva di dglak pim`i`iram th`adlab caub. :. Uikfirham Uadam
Uikfirham padam `hladudam sijara tiratur yadmh panh, shamn, `am sgri barh. Uadam yamn `hfirhdam dipa`a fimhb hdam mhla chja sisuah `imnam `gshs, sirta dam`umnam mutrhsh yamn `hpirludam umtud pirtukfubam `am disibatam fimhb hdam mhla chja. Uadam yamn `hfirhdam pa`a fimhb hdam mhla chja `hsisuahdam `imnam dikakpuam fimhb hdam mhla chja `alak kimndgksuksh kadamam. 0. Uikamimam fimhb
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Uikamimam fimhb `hladudam sitilab : khmnnu kasa pim`i`iram H. Uamim fimhb `hladudam `imnam jara pimnuramnam sifanham sifa nham ahr ah r `alak dglak, silamcutmya s ilamcutmya kimnnumadam carhmn umtud kimcarhmn fimhb `arh su`ut dglak satu di su`ut dglak silamcutmya. Uamim dglak `hladudam pa`a panh barh. Bal hmh `hdarimadam subu pa`a ahr dglak kashb rim`ab, `am hdam th`ad ku`ab stris. 9. Kamacikim Kamacikim Uikilhbaraam
Zijara narhs fisar bal yamn `hladudam `alak kamacikim pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja kilhputh yahtu sifanah firhdut3 a. Uirdikfamnam `am pirtukfubam larva Uarakitir yamn `hudur yahtu pirtakfabam fgfgt `am pamcamn larva. Uimnakfhlam sakpil `hladudam sidalh sikhmnnu silaka kasa pikilhbaraam. f. Kgmhtgrhmn dualhtas ahr Uarakitir yamn `hudur kilhputh yahtu subu, pB, @G, akgmhad, dijirabam, `am dithmnnham ahr. Zakpil ahr `h akfhl pa`a panh `am shamn barh silaka fifirapa barh, diku`ham `h jarh dhsaram yamn `h`apat silaka kiladudam pimnakatam. :.0.:. Uimamnnulamnam Baka `am Uimyadht
Uimngmtrglam `hladudam sithap barh umtud kilhbat dia`aam dglak. ^adtumya fhsa firsakaam `imnam pikfirham padam takfabam. Zaat pimngmtrglam dia`aammya barus `hakath `imnam jirkat, anar sithap dica`ham `apat sinira `htamnamh. Diku`ham fhla a`a tam`a-tam`a fimhb tirsiramn pimyadht barus sinira `hakfhl thm`adam. :.9. Amalhshs @ata
@ata yamn `hpirglib `arh FUFAP Cakfh `h dukpuldam `am `htafulashdam `alak fimtud tafil silamcutmya `hamalhshs sijara `isdrhptho yahtu kikfam`hmndam
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bashl surviy `imnam lhtiratur yamn firbufumnam `imnam pradtid, diku`ham `hfabas sisuah `imnam lhtiratur yamn a`a. A`apum parakitir yamn `hakath `alak dinhatam tidmhd pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja (Grigjbgrkhs (Grigjbgrkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) `h FUFAP Cakfh sifanah firhdut3 1. Uirtukfubam pamcamn kutlad Kimurut Iooim`hi (188>), rukus yamn `hnumadam a`alab sifa nah firhdut3 L ; Lt ‚ Lg Lg Ditiramnam3 L
3 Uirtukfubam pamcamn kutlad
Lt
3 Vata-rata pamcamn tgtal hdam `h adbhr pikilhbaraam
Lg
3 Vata-rata pamcamn tgtal hdam `h adbhr pikilhbaraam
6. Uirtukfubam fgfgt kutlad Kimurut Iooim`hi (188>), rukus yamn `hnumadam a`alab sifa nah firhdut3 ^k ; ^t - ^g ^k
3 Uirtukfubam fgfgt kutlad
^t
3 Vata-rata fgfgt tgtal hdam `h adbhr pikilhbaraam
^g
3 Vata-rata fgfgt tgtal hdam `h adbhr pikilhbaraam
:. Lacu pirtukfubam spishohd Kimurut Iooim`hi (188>), rukus yamn `hnumadam a`alab sifa nah firhdut3
LUZ
LUZ ; lm ^t ‚ lm lm ^g x 155% 155% t 3 Lacu pirtukfubam spishohd
^t
3 Vata-rata fgfgt tgtal hdam `h adbhr pikilhbaraam
^g
3 Vata-rata fgfgt tgtal hdam `h adbhr pikilhbaraam
t
3 ^adtu pikilhbaraam
1?
0. Phmndat dilulubh`upam larva (ZV) Phmndat dilulusbh`upam (survhval rati) `hladudam pa`a adbhr pimnakatam. Phmndat dilulusbh`upam larva `apat `h pirglib `imnam rukus
sifanah firhdut
(Iooim`hi, 188>). ZV ; Mt x 155% Mg Ditiramnam3 ZV
3 Phmndat dilamnsumnam bh`up (%)
Mt
3 Cuklab larva yamn bh`up `h adbhr pikilhbaraam pikilhbaraam (idgr)
MG
3 Cuklab larva yamn bh`up `hawal pikilhbaraam (idgr)
1>
H_. @IDZHUZH LGDAZH KANAMN
0.1. Litad Nignraohs `am A`khmhstratho FUFAP Cakfh
Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh (FUFAP) Cakfh firlgdash `h @isa Zumnah Nilak Dijakatam Zumnah Nilak Dafupatim Kuarg Cakfh, sidhtar ‘
:5 dk `h sifilab Phkur `arh dgta Cakfh `imnam dggr`hmat 51 5 00 :0,0‛ LZ, 15: 5
09‘ 55,8‛ FP `am :9 k @UL. Luas arial 65 ba tir`hrh `arh 0,2 ba arial pirdglakam, :,:9 ba wa`ud/risirvghr, `am 11,29 ba `aratam yamn `hpirnumadam umtud pirdamtgram, asraka, kiss gpiratgr sirta sarama pimumcamn lahmmya. Zifanah Ymht Uiladsama Pidmhs @hridtgrat Cim`iral Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya, FUFAP Cakfh kikpumyah piramam kikfirhdam pilayamam tidmhs dipa`a kasyaradat `alak kikfamnum `am kimnikfamndam pirhdamam ahr tawar `h `airab, dbususmya pulau sukatira. 0.6. Zicarab Fir`hrhmya FUFAP Cakfh
Ua`a awalmya sicarab FUFAP Cakfh a`alab bamya sifatas tikpat dinhatam usaba dijhl fu`h`aya hdam ahr tawar makum `arh pradtid piladsamaam prgnrak pikfamnumam `am pimhmndatam prg`udshmya sikadhm fahd `am layad `h dikfamndam lifhb fisar lanh, kada `hdiluardamlab surat diputusam Kimtirh Uirtamham Mgkgr 3 :0?/dpst/GP.615/9/80 Pamnnal ? Kih 1880, kada `hfimtudlab Lgdash Fu`h`aya Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Pawar Cakfh yamn firstatus Isilgm H_, `imnam whlayab dirca kilhputh Hm`gmisha Farat, hmh fir`asardam surat diputusam Kimtirh Idsplghtash Laut `am Uirhdamam Mgkgr 3 ?? tabum 6555 tamnnal :1 Culh 6555 tirca`h pirufabam strudtur grnamhsash Lgdash Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh. Zisuah pirdikfamnammya, pa`a tamnnal 1 Kih 6555 Lgdash Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh
12
firufab kimca`h Falah Fu`h`aya ahr Pawar Cakfh yamn firstatus isilgm HHH, fir`asardam Zurat Diputusam Kimtirh Dilautam `am Uirhdamam Mgkgr 3 DIU.6?I/KIM/6551. Fir`asardam Uiraturam Kimtirh Dilautam `am Uirhdamam Mg. ? UIVKIM-DU/6510 maka falah firufab kimca`h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh (FUFAP Cakfh). @hsakphmn kilamcutdam dinhatam pikfamnumam ohshd umtud pikimubam difutubam sarama `am prasarma, `alak tabum amnnaram 6510 FUFAP Cakfh cuna kiladudam dinhatam prg`udsh hm`ud `am fimhb umnnul, pimirapam tidmglgnh fu`h`aya ahr tawar cakfh, fhkfhmnam tidmhs `am pim`akphmnam tidmglgnh sirta kgmhtgrhmn disibatam hdam `am lhmndumnam, pimnawasam dawasam khmapglhtam, pikfhmaam JUHF `am JFHF, JFHF, pilayamam tidmhd `am puflhdash. 0.:. Oumnsh `am Punas FUFAP Cakfh
Zisuah `imnam Uiraturam Kimtirh Dilautam `am Uirhdamam Mgkgr3 ?/UIVKIM-DU/6510 tamnnal : Oifruarh timtamn grnamhsash `am tata dirca Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar kimyilimnaradam oumnsh sifanah firhdut. 0.:.1. Oumnsh FUFAP Cakfh
1. Uimyusumam rimjama dinhatam tidmhs `am amnnaram, pikamtauam `am ivaluash sirta lapgram. 6. Kiladsamaam uch tirap tidmhd pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. :. Kiladsamaam pimyhapam fabam stam`arhsash pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. 0. Kiladsamaam sirthohdash shstik pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. 9. Kiladsamaam dirca saka tidmhs pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. ?. Kiladsamadam pimnilglaam `am pilayamam shstik hmogrkash `am puflhdash pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar.
18
>. Kiladsamaam layamam pimnucham lafgratgrhuk pirsyaratam dilayadam tidmhs pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. 2. Kiladsamaam pimnucham disibatam hdam `am lhmndumnam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. 8. Uiladsamaam prg`udsh hm`ud umnnul, fimhb firkutu `am sarama prg`udsh pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. 15. Kiladsamaam fhkfhmnam tidmhs pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. 11. Kiladsamadam urusam tata usaba `am rukab tamnna. 0.:.6. Punas FUFAP Cakfh
Punas yamn `hikfam a`alab kiladsamadam uch tirap tidmhd `am dircasaka, pimnilglaam prg`udsh, pimnucham lafgratgrhuk, kutu padar, rish`u disibatam hdam `am lhmndumnam sirta fhkfhmnam tidmhs pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. 0.:.:. Zasaram FUFAP Cakfh
A`apum Zasaram Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh, a`alab 3 1. Pirsi`hamya hmogrkash tidmglgnh pikfimhbam `am pikfu`h`ayaam hdamhdam pirahram ahr tawar. 6. Pirsi`hamya daryawam `am picafat oumnshgmal yamn ablh `am tirakphl :. Pirsi`hamya tidmglgnh tirapam timtamn pikfimhbam `am pikfu`h`ayaam hdam-hdam dultur. 0. Pirladsama dinhatam ditataladsamaam Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh. 9. Pirsi`hamya jalgm hm`ud `am fimhb hdam fu`h`aya sirta hdam pirahram ukuk yamn firdualhtas. ?. Pirladsamamya dinhatam pikfhmaam `am pimirapam JUHF `am JFHF fanh umht pikfimhbam `am pikfu`h`ayaam `h Zukatira.
65
>. Pirladsamamya dinhatam pilistarham plaska mutoab `am pikamoaatam pirahram ukuk. 2. Kimhmndatdam dikakpuam `am ditirakphlam pikfu`h`aya kilaluh `hsikhmash `am pilayamam tidmhd. 8. Pirsi`hamya saram `am oashlhtas Falah Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh yamn kika`ah. 15. Pirladsamamya
kgmhtgrhmn
disibatam
hdam
`am
lhmndumnam
`am
pimnawalam tidmglgnh fu`h`aya hdam ahr tawar `h dawasam khmapglhtam `am hm`ustrhalhsash pirhdamam fu`h`aya. 0.0. _hsh `am Khsh FUFAP Cakfh 0.0.1. _hsh
Zifanah pimnbashl hm`ud umnnul `am tidmglgnh tirapam fu`h`aya ahr tawar tirfisar `h Zukatira `am firdilamcutam. 0.0.6. Khsh Ymtud kim`udumn _hsh yamn tilab `htitapdam, kada Khsh yamn `hikfam
glib Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh yahtu 3 1. Kimnikfamndam ridayasa tidmglgnh fu`h`aya hdam ahr tawar 6. Kimhmndatdam prg`udsh hm`ud `am fimhb umnnul :. Kimhmndatdam shstik hmogrkash HUPID `am stam`arhsash pirhdamam ahr tawar 0. Kimhmndatdam casa pilayamam tidmglgnh `am prg`udsh 9. Kiladsamadam upaya pilistarham sukfir`aya hdam (plaska mutoab) `am lhmndumnam.
61
0.9. Ztrudtur Grnamhsash FUFAP Cakfh
Fir`asardam UIVKIM Dilautam `am pirhdamam Mgkgr 3 ?/UIVKIMDU/6510 tamnnal 16 Camuarh 655? timtamn Grnamhsash `am Pata Dirca Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar, strudtur grnamhsash FUFAP Cakfh tir`hrh atas 3 a. Dipala Falah f. Zidsh Ych Pirap Pidmhd `am Dircasaka j. Zidsh Uimnucham `am @udumnam Pidmhs `. Zuf Fanham Pata Ysaba i. Dilgkpgd Cafatam Oumnshgmal Zuatu usaba pikfimhbam atau falah fimhb hdam fahd firsdala dijhl kaupum kimimnab yamn kikfutubdam timana `am stao yamn tir`hrh `arh dipala, timana a`khmhstrash `am timana lapamnam (Alawh, 1880). @alak kimcalamdam tunas `am oumnshmya Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh yamn `hphkphm glib sigramn Dipala Falah Fanam Ztrudtur Grnamhsash Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh `hsachdam pa`a Lakphram :. Dipala Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh `alak kimcalamdam tunasmya `am `hfamtu glib Dasufan, Dashr `am Dilgkpgd Cafatam Oumnshgmal. Firhdut a`alab uraham tunas `arh kashmn ‚ kashmn kashmn sidsh `alak strudtur grnamhsash kimnaju pa`a UIVKIM Dilautam `am Uirhdamam Mgkgr 3 ?/UIVKIM-DU/6510 3 1. Zidsh Ych Pirap Pidmhd `am Dircasaka
Kikpumyah tunas pimyhapam fabam piladsamaam uch tirap tidmhd, stam`arhsash, sirthohdash, dircasaka tidmhd, pimnilglaam `am pilayamam shstik hmogrkash sirta puflhdash pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar.
66
6. Zidsh Uimnucham `am @udumnam Pidmhs
Kikpumyah tunas pimyhapam fabam piladsamaam layamam pimnucham lafgratgrhuk pirsyaratam dilayadam tidmhs, disibatam hdam `am lhmndumnam, prg`udsh hm`ud umnnul, umnnul, fimhb firkutu `am sarama prg`udsh pr g`udsh sirta fhkfhmnam tidmhs pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar. :. Zuf Fanham Pata Ysaba
Kikpumyah
tunas
pimyhapam
fabam
pirimjamaam,
piladsamaam,
pikamtauam `am ivaluash pilapgram diuamnam, dinhatam tidmhd, amnnaram, pimnglabam dipinawaham, tata ladsama, faramn khlhd minara, rukab tamnna `am ditatausabaam. 0. Dilgkpgd Cafatam Oumnshgmal 3
Kikpumyah tunas kiladsamadam dinhatam piridayasaam, pimnucham, pimirapam
fhkfhmnam,
pimirapam
stam`ar/sirthohdash,
pirfimhbam
`am
pikfu`h`ayaam hdam ahr tawar, pimnim`alham pimnim`alham baka `am pimyadht hdam, pimnawasam fimhb/fu`h`aya `am pimyulubam sirta dinhatam lahm yamn sisuah `imnam tunas kashmn-kashmn cafatam oumnshgmal fir`asardam pirum`amn-um`amnam yamn firladu. Ua`a dilgkpgd cafatam oumnshgmal hmh `hfanh `alak ikpat dilgkpgd fisar yahtu 3 1. Dilgkpgd dirca Jatohsb yahtu Jatohsb yahtu dilgkpgd dirca yamn kimnircadam dgkg`htas hdam pathm, faumn `am lili. 6. Dilgkpgd dirca Jyjlh` yahtu yahtu dilgkpgd dirca yamn kimnircadam dgkg`htas Hdam mhla `am kas. :. Dilgkpgd dirca Zpishohd lgdal yahtu dilgkpgd dirca yamn kimnircadam dgkg`htas Hdam nurakh, arwama, fgtha `am cilawat.
6:
0. Dilgkpgd dirca mutrhsh hdam, disibatam hdam `am `am lhmndumnam (MDL) yahtu dilgkpgd dirca yamn kimnircadam ogrkulash `am pikfuatam padam alakh sipirth Kghma sipirth Kghma sp `am sp `am @apbmha @apbmha sp, Vgthoira sp `am padam ham firfabam fadu lgdal sirta pimnilglaam lafgratgrhuk uch `am disibatam hdam `am lhmndumnam. Fanam strudtur grnamhsash Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh pa`a Nakfar 6.
DIUALA FALAH Dipala Zuf. Fanham Pata Ysaba Dipala Zidsh Ztam`arhsash `am
Dipala Zidsh Uilayamam Pidmhs Dggr`hamtgr Dilgkpgd Oumnshgmal
Dilgkpgd Hdam Zpishohd Lgdal `am Hdam Bhas
Dilgkpgd Hdam Zhdlh`
Dilgkpg d Hdam Jatohsb
Dilgkpgd Mutrhsh, Disibatam
Nakfar 6. Ztrudtur Grnamhsash FUFAP Cakfh Zukfir3 @ata Zidum`ir 0.?. Zukfir @aya Kamusha FUFAP Cakfh 1) Z@K Fir`asardam Uim`h`hdam
@alak kiladsamadam tunas `am oumnsh tidmhd kaupum a`khmhstrash pa`a FUFAP Cakfh kimnnumadam shstik pikhlhbam sisuah `imnam diablham `am ditirakphlam kashmn-kashmn daryawam. Phmndat pim`h`hdam kirupadam salab satu oadtgr yamn samnat pimthmn umtud kimimtudam dikakpuam sigramn timana dirca
60
`alak kimyirap pirdikfamnam hlku pimnitabuam `am tidmglgnh fahd sijara ukuk `am dbusus `alak usaba pikfimhbam `am fu`h`aya hdam. @alak ramnda pimhmndatam sukfir`aya kamusha sijara tirus kimirus Falah kimnhrhkdam pinawah umtud kimnhduth `hdlat atau dursus yamn `ha`adam glib hmstamsh tirdaht. Uinawah yamn kimnhduth `hdlat atau dursus tirsifut `hdhrhk di `airab-`airab. Zijara ukuk thmndat pim`h`hdam timana dirca yamn a`a `h FUFAP Cakfh `apat `hlhbat pa`a tafil :. Pafil :. Phmndat Uim`h`hdam Pimana Dirca @h FUFAP Cakfh Uirsimtasi Mg Phmndat Uim`h`hdam Cuklab
1 6 : 0 9 ?
Kanhstir Zarcama @: ZLPA ZLPU Z@ Pgtal Zukfir3 @ata Zidum`ir
> :1 15 1> 1 6 ?2
15,68% 09,98% 10,>1% 69,55% 1,0>% 6,80% 155%
Fir`asardam Pafil 0, cimcamn pim`h`hdam tirthmnnh `arh pinawah a`alab Uasja Zarcama (Z6) `am yamn tirim`ab a`alab Zidglab @asar (Z@) `imnam tgtal cuklab pinawah UMZ FUFAP Cakfh a`alab ?2 gramn. Uirsimtasi thmndat pim`h`hdam `h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh yamn tirthmnnh a`alab cimcamn pim`h`hdam sarcama yahtu 09,98% `am yamn tirim`ab pa`a cimcamn pim`h`hdam ZLPU `imnam pirsimtasi 1,0> %. 6) Z@K Fir`asardam Ztatus
Ymtud kim`udumn tunas `am oumnshmya, Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh sakpah `imnam Prhwulam H_ tabum 6519 FUFAP Zumnah Nilak `h`udumn glib sukfir`aya kamusha sifamyad 158 gramn yamn tir`hrh `arh ?2
69
gramn Uinawah Minirh Zhphl (UMZ), 1 gramn JUMZ `am 05 gramn timana bgmgrir/dgmtrad. Fir`asardam Ztatus dipinawahammya `apat `hlhbat pa`a Pafil 0, Pafil 0. Cuklab Uinawah Dipinawahammya Mg Ztatus 1 UMZ 6 JUMZ : Dgmtrad Pgtal Zukfir3 @ata Zidum`ir
FUFAP
Cakfh
Fir`asardam
Ztatus
Cuklab ?2 1 05 158
@arh Pafil 9 `apat `hditabuh fabwa cuklab pinawah FUFAP Cakfh `h`gkhmash glib Uinawah Minirh Zhphl (UMZ) `imnam cuklab ?8 gramn `am `hsusul `imnam timana dgmtrad fircuklab 05 gramn. 0.>. Zarama @am Urasarama FUFAP Cakfh
@alak kim`udumn sikua dinhatam `h FUFAP Cakfh, kada Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh `hlimndaph `imnam sarama `am prasarama `hamtaramya 3 1) Zarama Urg`udsh a. Uirdglakam
Uirdglakam hmh `hnumadam umtud dinhatam pim`i`iram, pikfisaram, pikilhbaraam hm`ud sirta umtud dinhatam piridayasaam. Dglak yamn a`a `h FUFAP Cakfh `apat `hlhbat pa`a Pafil ?. Pafil 9 Dglak Xamn Pir`apat Ua`a FUFAP Cakfh 6 Mg Cimhs dglak Yduram (k ) 1 Dglak hm`ud ?55 6 Dglak pim`i`iram 955 695 : Dglak pikfisaram 1955 955 0 Dglak hm`ud hdam bhas 95 9 Fad mhla 95 > DCA 10 Zukfir3 @ata Zidum`ir
Cuklab (Ymht) 15 19 62 11 12 0 9? ?5
6?
Fir`asardam Pafil 9, `apat `hditabuh cuklab, fimtud, `am uduram dglak/dirakfa yamn a`a fisirta pirdikfamnammya, bal hmh irat dahtammya `imnam dinhatam fu`h`aya ahr tawar yamn `hladudam `h FUFAP Cakfh. Oashlhtas yamn kim`udumn fu`h`aya pirhdamam `h Falah Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh su`ab judup kika`ah. @hamtaramya dglak hm`ud sifamyad 15 umht `imnam luas kashmn-kashmn ?55 k 6, dglak dglak pim`i`iram sifamyad 19 umht umht `imnam luas kashmn-kashmn 955 k 6, dglak pikfisaram sifamyad 11 umht `imnam luas kashmnkashmn 955 k 6 `am 62 umht `imnam luas kashmn-kashmn 695 k 6, dglak pikfisaram sifamyad 11 umht `imnam luas kashmn-kashmn 1955 k 6 `am 12 umht `imnam luas kashmn-kashmn 955 k 6, dglak hm`ud hdam bhas sifamyad 0 umht `imnam luas kashmn-kashmn 95 k 6, `am dirakfa sifamyad ?5 umht `imnam luas kashmn-kashmn 10 k 6. Dglak-dglak tirsifut su`ab samnat kika`ah umtud dinhatam fu`h`aya pirhdamam, `am `htakfab lanh `imnam
firfanah sarama `am
prasaram lahmmya. f. Batjbiry
Cuklab Batjbiry yamn `hkhlhdh glib Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh `apat `hlhbat pa`a Pafil >. Pafil ? Batjbiry Xamn @hkhlhdh Glib FUFAP Cakfh Mg Batjbiry Dgkg`htas 1 Batjbiry 1 Uathm Zhak, Lili, Faumn
6
Batjbiry 6
Mhla, Kas
:
Batjbiry :
Cilawat, Arwama, Fgtha, Nuraki `am Pakfadam.
Zukfir3 @ata Zidum`ir j. Carhmnam Lhstrhd
Dapashtas tirpasamn carhmnam lhstrhd yamn a`a `h FUFAP Cakfh sifisar ?5 D_A firasal `arh ULM Vaygm Dgta Faru Cakfh. Ymtud kimamnnulamnh tirca`hmya
6>
namnuam pika`akam lhstrhd `arh ULM kada `hshapdam cuna Nimiratgr Zit (Nimsit) sifamyad : umht `imnam dapashtas kashmn-kashmn ?5 D_A (1 umht), 195 D_A (1 umht), 65 D_A (1 umht) `am 05 D_A (1 umht). 6) Zarama Pramspgrtash Pramspgrtash
Zarama tramspgrtash firoumnsh umtud kimumcamn dilamjaram dinhatam, FUFAP Cakfh `htumcamn glib fifirapa dim`araam gpirashgmal amtara lahm `apat `hlhbat pa`a Pafil >. Pafil >. Zarama Pramspgrtash Xamn @hkhldh Glib FUFAP Cakfh Mg Phpi dim`araam Cuklab Dia`aam
1
Prud
6
Layad Uadah
6
Dhcamn Khmhfus
?
Layad Uadah
:
Dhcamn Uhjd Yp
1
Layad Uadah
0
Khtsufhsbh L:55
1
Layad Uadah
9
Hsuzu ILO Khmhfus
1
Layad Uadah
?
DHA Pravillg
1
Layad Uadah
>
Dim`araam Vg`a :
1
Layad Uadah
2
Dim`araam Vg`a 6
8
Layad Uadah
Zukfir3 @ata Zidum`ir :) Zarama Uimumcamn
Famnumam/ni`umn kikhlhdh oumnsh umtud kimumcamn dilamjaram adthohtas `h FUFAP Cakfh kada piramam ni`umn atau famnumam kimca`h samnat pimthmn darima su`ab kimca`h dibarusam Falah Uirhdamam kikhlhdh oashlhtas ni`umn yamn kika`ah umtud difirlamnsumnam prgsis a`khmhstrash, prg`udsh, pilathbam, `am tikpat thmnnal. Firhdut hmh a`alab Pafil 9 kimnimah ni`umn yamn `hkhlhdh glib FUFAP Cakfh. Pafil 2 Famnumam Xamn @hkhlhdh Glib FUFAP Cakfh 6 Mg Phpi Famnumam Luas (k ) Ni`umn Uirdamtgram 605 1 Aula 1>5 6 Ni`umn Uicafat Oumnshgmal 165 :
Cuklab (umht) 1 1 1
62
0 9
Uirpustadaam Asraka
?
Kis Gpiratgr - Phpi 61 - Phpi :? - Phpi 09 - Phpi >5 Nu`amn Fimndil/ ^grdsbgp
> 2 Zukfir3 @ata Zidum`ir
155 85 155
1 : 1
10> :?5 265 :95 -
> 15 12 9 9 1
0.2. Urgnrak Dirca FUFAP Cakfh
1. Kiladsamadam uch tirap tidmhd `am dirca saka, prg`udsh, pimnucham lafgratgrhuk, sirta fhkfhmnam tidmhs pirhdamam fu`h`aya ahr tawar 6. Uilayamam tidmhd3 amalhsa uch lafgratgrhk (pimyadht hdam, dualhtas ahr, mutrhsh `am rish`u.) :. @hstrh fimhb `am hm`ud 0. Pidmglgnh fu`h`aya. @hsikhmash, pim`akphmnam tidmglgnh, pilathbam `am kikoashlhtash kasyaradat, pilacar kaupum pimilhth umtud `apat filacar `am kimnimal sijara lamnsumn dinhatam fu`h`aya hdam yamn `htirapdam `h FUFAP Cakfh. 9. Kim`akphmnh
dawasam
khmapglhtam/hm`ustrhalhsash
`h
kim`akphmnh tidmglgnh umtud `ioark PU `h dafupatim/ dgta.
sukatra
`am
68
_. BAZHL KANAMN
9.1. Ca`wal Dinhatam Kanamn FUFAP Cakfh
Ca`wal dinhatam kanamn yamn `hladudam pa`a Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja (Grigjbrgkhs (Grigjbrgkhs mhlgthjus) mhlgthjus) `h FUFAP Cakfh `apat `hlhbat pa`a tafil 8. Pafil 8. Ca`wal Dinhatam Kanamn @h FUFAP Cakfh Mg. Dinhatam ^adtu (Fulam @am Khmnnu) Khmnnu)
Camuarh Oifruarh Karit Aprhl 1 6 : 0 1 6 : 0 1 6 : 0 1 6 : 0 1
6
:
Uirshapam pradtid kanamn Uiladsamaam pradtid kanamn Uimyusumam lapgram
Kih
∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓
Uradtid kanamn hmh `hladsamadam pa`a 6: Camuarh sakpah 6: Oifruarh 651> `h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar Cakfh yamn tirlitad `h @isa Zumnah Nilak, Dafupatim Kuarg Cakfh, Urgvhmsh Cakfh. Ca`wal dinhatam kanamn sijara narhs fisar a`alab3 1. Pabap pirtaka kiladudam pirshapam pradtid kanamn. Kilhputh pikhlhbam lgdash kanamn `am pikfuatam prgpgsal usulam pradtid kanamn. 6. Pabap di`ua piladsamaam pradtid kanamn, dinhatam hmh `hladudam silaka satu fulam. :. Pabap adbhr pimyusumam lapgram. @hladudam sitilab kimyilisahdam dinhatam pradtid kanamn `h FUFAP Cakfh.
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Zilaka pradtid kanamn `hladudam `imnam pikfhkfhmn lapamnam Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh `h FUFAP Cakfh `imnam diablham `h fh`amn pikfimhbam hdam mhla `am `h famtu glib Fapad Abka`. 9.6. Dinhatam Xamn @hladudam Zilaka Kanamn
Dinhatam Uradtid kanamn yamn `hladudam pa`a 6: Camuarh sakpah 6: Oifruarh 651> `h Falah Uirhdamam Fu`h`aya Ahr Pawar (FUFAP) Zumnah Nilak, Urgvhmsh Cakfh `apat `hlhbat pa`a Pafil 15. Pafil 15. Dinhatam Xamn @hladudam Zilaka Kanamn @h FUFAP Cakfh Mg Dinhatam Khmnnu Uikfhkfhmn Di1 6 : 0 1. Uikasamnam bapa `h su`ut dglak ∓ Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh pikhcabam Abka` 6. Uamim larva ∓ Abka` :. Uikilhbaraam larva Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh ∓ 0. Uirshapam dglak pim`i`iram H ∓ Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh Uimnirhmnam dglak ∓ Xu`h yu`hsthra, Z.Uh Uikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak ∓ Va`im Uimnapuram ∓ Uahmg Uukupudam ∓ Abka` Uimnhsham ahr ∓ Abka` 9. Uimifaram larva Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh ∓ Abka` ?. Uim`i`iram H ∓ ∓ ∓ Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh >. Uimnuduram dualhtas ahr ∓ ∓ Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh Zubu ∓ ∓ pB ∓ ∓ @G ∓ ∓ Akgmhad ∓ ∓ Dijirabam ∓ Dithmnnham ahr ∓ 2. Uikfirham padam ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ Abka` 8. Zakplhmn larva ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh Uamcamn ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ Fgfgt ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ 15. Uamim fimhb pim`i`iram H ∓ Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh Uikamimam ∓ Va`im Nra`hmn fimhb ∓ Uahmg Uirbhtumnam ZV ∓ Abka` Uimnuduram pamcamn fimhb ∓ Uimnuduram fgfgt fimhb ∓
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11.
Uimnim`alhaam baka `am pimyadht
∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh
Zijara narhs fisar dinhatam yamn `hladudam silaka pradtid kanamn a`alab sifanah firhdut3 1. Zaat kulah kiladudam dinhatam pradtid kanamn tidmhd pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja, hm`ud hdam mhla chja tilab `h tifar pa`a dglak pikhcabam sikhmnnu sifiluk thfa `h lgdash pradtid kanamn. Zibhmnna dinhatam yamn `hladudam yahtu pikasamnam bapa `h su`ut dglak pikhcabam atau lifhb tipatmya `h `idat phmtu pikasudam ahr pa`a dglak. Bal hmh firtucuam anar gdshnim umtud larva titap stafhl. Bapa `h numadam umtud dinhatam pikilhbaraam larva sikimtara, bhmnna larva yamn fira`a `h dglak pikhcabam tirdukpul sikua `alak bapa. Dinhatam hmh `hfhkfhmn glib Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh `am Fapad Abka` 6. Uamim larva `hladudam pa`a panh `am sgri barh, darima pa`a saat htu larva sirhmn firnirgkfgl `h phmnnhr-phmnnhr dglak. Dinhatam hmh `hfhkfhmn glib Fapad Abka` :. Uikilhbaram larva `hladudam silaka sikhmnnu `h `alak bapa. Zilahm htu dinhatam pimnukpulam larva `arh dglak pikhcabam di `alak bapa titap `hladudam. Dinhatam hmh `hfhkfhmn glib Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh 0. Uirshapam dglak pim`i`iram H yahtu kilhputh pimnirhmnam dglak, pikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak, pimnapuram, pikupudam, `am pimnhsham ahr. Dinhatam hmh `hfhkfhmn glib Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh, Fapad Xu`h yu`hsthra, Z.Uh, Fapad Va`im, Fapad Uahmg `am Fapad Abka` 9. Uimifaram larva pa`a dglak pim`i`iram `hladudam pa`a khmnnu di`ua, Dinhatam hmh `hfhkfhmn glib Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh `am Fapad Abka`
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?. Dinhatam pim`i`iram H `h ladudam pa`a khmnnu di`ua `am `hpilhbara silaka : khmnnu. Dinhatam hmh `h fhkfhmn glib Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh `am Fapad Abka` >. Uimnuduram dualhtas ahr `hladudam pa`a khmnnu pirtaka `am di`ua. Khmnnu pirtaka pimnuduram dualhtas ahr pa`a pikilhbaraam larva `h bapa `am khmnnu di`ua pa`a dinhatam pim`i`iram. Dinhatam hmh `hfhkfhmn glib Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh 2. Uikfirham padam `hladudam silaka kiladudam dinhatam pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja, yahtu kasa pikilhbaraam silaka ikpat khmnnu. Dinhatam hmh `h fhkfhmn glib Fapad Abka`. 8. Zakplhmn larva umtud pimnuduram pamcamn `am firat larva `hladudam silaka kasa pikilhbaraam yahtu ikpat khmnnu. Uimnakfhlam sakpil `h ladudam sikhmnnu sidalh. Dinhatam hmh `h fhkfhmn glib Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh 15. Uamim fimhb pa`a pim`i`iram H `hladudam pa`a khmnnu diikpat `imnam fifirapa dinhatam yamn `hladudam kilhputh pikamimam, nra`hmn fimhb, pirbhtumnam ZV, pimnuduram pamcamn fimhb `am pimnuduram fgfgt fimhb. Dinhatam hmh `h fhkfhmn glib Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh, Fapad Va`im, Fapad Uahmg `am Fapad Abka`. 11. Uimnim`alham baka `am pimyadht hdam mhla chja `hladudam silaka kasa pikilhbaraam. Dinhatam hmh `h fhkfhmn glib Fapad Fapad Kufhmum, Z.Uh, K.Zh 9.:. Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja 9.:.1. Zukfir Larva
Zukfir larva yamn `hpilhbara `h FUFAP Cakfh hmh yahtu prg`udsh sim`hrh. Pabapam umtud kim`apatdam sukfir larva prg`udsh sim`hrh yahtu3
::
A. Kamacikim Kamacikim Uikilhbaraam Hm`ud Hdam Mhla Chja
1. Asal hm`ud `am wa`ab pikilhbaraam Hm`ud mhla chja firasal `arh prg`udsh sim`hrh, hm`ud `hpilhbara `hdirakfa carhmn apumn uduram 69 k 6, cuklab hm`ud yamn `hpilhbara 055 idgr `alak satu dirakfa carhmn apumn, a`a : fuab dirakfa carhmn apumn dbusus umtud pikilhbaraam hm`ud. Zukfir ahr umtud pikilhbaraam hm`ud yahtu `arh wa`ud fuatam yamn kirupadam wa`ud ta`ab t a`ab bucam, a`a : umht wa`ud `h FUFAP cakfh. ^a`ud cuna `hnumadam umtud trhtkim ahr, yahtu ahr `him`apdam `ulu `h wa`ud faru `halhrdam di kashmn-kashmn dglak `imnam shstik hrhnash. 6. Ua`at tifar Cuklab pa`at tifar 1? idgr/k 6. @imnam uduram hdam 955 jk, firat :55055 dn. ^adtu pimifaram hm`ud yahtu panh barh, `imnam jara pimifaram lamnsumn tampa kimnnumadam adlhkathsash, darima hdam yamn `h phm`abdam atau `h tifar kashb satu `airab `am carad tikpub yamn th`ad caub. Zibhmnna th`ad pirlu `hladudam adlhkathsah. :. Uimnakatam Laka prg`udsh hm`ud 6-: fulam. Jhrh hm`ud mhla chja yamn fanus fahd fithma kaupum camtam yahtu warma tufub jirab bhtak diafu-afuam, fimtud tufub hdam mhla chja phphb `imnam shshd pimub `am tiratur, amnngta atau grnam tufub limndap, tufub th`ad jajat `am th`ad a`a dilahmam fimtud, tufub th`ad `htikpilh glib parasht, th`ad a`a fimcglam, hmsamn firshb, tutup hmsamn mgrkal (th`ad tifal atau thphs), firlim`hr, didimyalam tufub dimyal `am th`ad likfid, ukur umtud mhla camtam kaupum fithma
?-2 fulam, pamcamn tgtal umtud camtam 1?-69 jk umtud
fithma 10-65 jk, fgfgt fgfgt tufub camtam 055-?55 nrak nrak umtud fithma :55-095 nrak. nrak.
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0. Uadam `am pikfirham padam Zukfir padam hm`ud `arh pilit dgkirshl `imnam da`ar prgtihm :6-:0,5 % likad ?,5 % sirat dasar 0,:% da`ar afu 11,5% `am da`ar ahr 16,5%. Uikfirham padam 1-6 % `arh fgfgt fhgkasa `imnam oriduimsh pikfirham padam sifamyad : dalh pir barh. F. Uikhcabam Hdam Mhla Chja
Uikhcabam `h ladudam sijara alakh. Hm`ud camtam `am fithma `h kasudam di `alak dglak uduram 955 k 6 `imnam pa`at tifar 1 idgr/k6. Cuklab hdam yamn `hphcabdam 055 idgr atau satu padit. @alak satu padit tir`apat 155 hm`ud camtam `am :55 hm`ud fithma atau 13:. Hm`ud adam `hfhardam `h dglak pikhcabam silaka satu fulam. Zilaka satu fulam tirca`h `ua dalh tabap pikhcabam `imnam rimtamn wadtu kashmn-kashmn tabap yahtu 19 barh. Zilaka pikhcabam hm`ud bamya `h firhkadam sifamyad 1%. Darima yamn kadam bamya hm`ud camtam, si`amndam hm`ud fithma firtunas kimnirakh tilur. 9.:.6. Uamim Larva Mhla Chja
Darima pikhcabam yamn `hladudam a`alab pikhcabam alakh yahtu sitilab hm`ud camtam `am hm`ud fithma kiladudam pikhcabam atau saat tilur yamn `h diluardam hm`ud fithma su`ab `h fuabh glib hm`ud camtam. Kada tilur tirsifut adam `h si`gt dikfalh di`alak kulut hm`ud fithma sakpah tilur kimitas. Dithda tilur kimitas larva kashb adam titap fira`a `alak kulut hm`ud. Zitilab ukur 0-9 barh larva `h lipas glib hm`ud makum kashb `hfawab pimnawasam hm`udmya. Uikamimam larva `hladudam pa`a barh di 11, 16 `am 1: sitilab hm`ud camtam `am hm`ud fithma `h tifar di `alak dglak pikhcabam. Uikamimam larva `hladudam pa`a panh `am sgri barh, pa`a wadtu hmh larva kumjul
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`h phmnnhram dglak pikhcabam, larva `hsirgd kimnnumadam sirgd balus `am `hdukpuldam `h carhmn bapa yamn sifilukmya su`ab `hpasamn `h phmnnhr dglak. Uimnakfhlam larva `apat `h lhbat pa`a nakfar :.
Nakfar : Uimyirgdam Larva Ua`a Dglak Uikhcabam (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h ) 9.:.:. Uikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja
Larva yamn tilab `h pamim sithap panh `am sgri barh, `hpilhbara `h bapa silaka sikhmnnu. Bapa `hpasamn pa`a salab satu su`ut `h dglak pikhcabam. Xahtu `h `idat phmtu pikasudam ahr. Bal hmh `hdarimadam anar pasgdam gdshnim umtud larva titap stafhl `am tirpimubh. Zilaka kiladudam kasa pikilhbaraam larva, pimnukpulam larva `arh dglak pikhcabam titap `hladudam. `hladudam. 9.0. Pidmhd Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Mhla Chja 9.0.1. Uirshapam ^a`ab Dglak Uim`i`iram H
Cimhs wa`ab yamn `hnumadam `alak pim`i`iram larva mhla chja a`alab dglak sikh pirkamim firfimtud pirsinh, `hkama pikatamn tirfuat `arh fitgm taph `asar dglak titap tamab. Yduram dglak pim`i`iram larva atau dglak F9 yahtu 695 k6 `imnam thmnnh dglak 6 k. Zukfir ahr yamn `hnumadam a`alab `arh wa`ud satu. @him`apdam `alak dglak pimnim`apam `am diku`ham `h alhrdam di kashmnkashmn dglak `imnam shtik hrhnash. Dinhatam pirshapam wa`ab sifanah firh dut3
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a. Uimnirhmnam dglak @alak pirshapam wa`ab, bal pirtaka yamn `hladudam yahtu pimnirhmnam dglak. Pabap pimnirhmnam dglak firtucuam umtud kikpirku`ab pimamndapam shsa-shsa hdam `am anar tamab `asar dglak `apat `hcikur umtud kikfumub baka `am pimyadht. Uimnirhmnam dglak fhasamya `hladudam `imnam kikfuda phmtu pimniluaram ahr `am `hfamtu `imnam kishm pgkpa umtud kikpirjipat prgsis pimnirhmnam. Uimnirhmnam ahr `imnam `imnam pgkpa kishm `apat `hlhbat pa`a nakfar 0.
Nakfar 0 Urgsis Uimnirhmnam Dglak (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h )
f. Uikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak Zitilab dglak `hdirhmndam, `hladudam pikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak. Uikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak fitucuam umtud kikpirjipat prgsis gdsh`ash, `am kikfumub baka `am pimyadht yamn tir`apat pa`a dglak. Uikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak tirlifhb `abulu `h phmnnhr-phmnnh dglak anar shsa-shsa ahr `am shsa-shsa hdam yamn th`ad tircarhmn `apat kimnalhr di saluram pimniluram. Uikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak `apat `hlhbat pa`a nakfar 9.
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Nakfar 9 Uikfalhdam Pamab @asar Dglak (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h )
j. Uimnapuram Zitilab silurub pirkudaam `asar dglak tilab `hfalhd, silamcutmya bal yamn pirlu `hladudam a`alab pimnapuram. Uimnapuram firtucuam umtud kimitraldam kimitral dam pB tamab `am pB ahr dglak. Uimnapuram `hladudam bamya `h phmnnhr dglak, darima pB tamab dglak su`ab mitral. Ca`h oumnsh dapur `hshmh bamya umtud kikfumub baka `am pimyadht hdam yamn tirshsa. Cimhs dapur yamn `hnumadam a`alab dapur tgbgr (JaG) `imnam `gshs 155 n /k 6. Dinhatam pimnapuram dglak `apat `hlhbat pa`a nakfar ?.
Nakfar ? Uimnapuram Pamab @asar Dglak (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h )
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`. Uikupudam Zitilab kiladudam pimnapuram, tabap silamcutmya a`alab pikupudam. Uupud yamn fhasa `hpadah a`alab pupud grnamhd atau dgtgram ayak. Alasam dimapa padah pupud dgtgram ayak a`alab darima padam yamn ayak kadam famyad kimnam`umn mutrhsh sibhmnna `apat `hkamoaatdam umtud pimukfubam padam alakh. Zilahm htu fhla `hnumadam pupud grnamhd sipirth dgtgram saph, `apat kimhkfuldam famyadmya tukfub baka umtud larva yamn firmaka ujrht yahtu larva `arh japumn. Baka hmh suda kimikpil pa`a larva `am kikadam larva. Uikupudam `hladudam `imnam jara `hsifar kirata `h pirkudaam tamab `asar dglak, `imnam `gshs pikupudam 955 n - 1555 n/k 6. Uikupudam tamab `asar dglak `apat `hlhbat pa`a nakfar >.
Nakfar > Uikupudam Pamab @asar Dglak (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h )
i. Uimnhsham ahr Zitilab prgsis `hatas silisah, dglak `hfhardam `h cikur silaka 6-: barh tirnamtumn juaja, lalu sitilab htu `hladudam pimnhsham pimnhsham ahr. Uimnhsham ahr `hladudam sijara firtabap `imnam kimnnumadam alat pgkpa ahr umtud kikpirjipat pimnhsham ahr dglak. Dithmnnham awal ahr 95 jk `am `h`hakdam silaka 1-6 barh
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umtud kukfubdam padam alakh (Uytgplamdtgm `am Sggplamdtgm). Zilamcutmya ladudam pimakfabam dithmnnham ahr bhmnna kimjapah 25 jk. Zitilab htu faru `hladudam pimifaram fimhb hdam mhla chja. Urgsis pimnhsham ahr `apat `hlhbat pa`a nakfar 2.
Nakfar 2 Uimnhsham Ahr Dglak (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h ) 9.0.6. Ua`at Pifar `am Pidmhd Uimifaram Fimhb Hdam Mhla Chja
Uimifaram `hladudam pa`a simhm 5: Oifruarh 651> `imnam cuklab larva yamn `h tifar 19.555 idgr `imnam pa`at tifar ?5 idgr/k 6, wadtu pimifaram panh barh `am `htifar sijara lamnsumn, darima carad tikpub yamn `hfutubdam th`adlab caub. Zibhmnna larva `apat `htifar sijara lamnsumn tampa pirlu `hladudamya adlhkathsash. Zifiluk `hladudam pimifaram, larva yamn a`a `hbapa `hbhtumn tirlifhb `abulu. Jara pirbhtumnam kimnnumadam sim`gd, `h bhtumn firapa cuklab larva pir sim`gd, `hladudam `ua dalh pirbhtumnam faru `hjarh rata-ratamya. Diku`ham `h dalhdam firapa cuklab sim`gd thap satu damtgmn plasthd. ^adtu pimifaram `hladudam pa`a panh barh. Uirbhtumnam larva `imnam kimnnumadam sim`gd `apat `hlhbat pa`a nakfar 8.
05
(a)
(f)
Nakfar 8 (A) pirbhtumnam larva idgr/sim`gd (F) pirbhtumam larva sim`gd/damtgmn sim`gd/damtgmn plasthd (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h ) 9.0.:. Uadam `am Uikfirham Uadam
Zilaka kasa pikilhbaraam duramn lifhb :5 barh, larva `am fimhb hdam mhla chja `hfirh padam yamn fimar sisuah `imnam mutrhsh difutubammya. Bal hmh umtud kim`apatdam fimhb yamn firdualhtas sipirth yamn `h barapdam. Firhdut dam`umnam mutrhsh umtud padam larva `am fimhb hdam mhla chja `apat `hlhbat pa`a tafil 11. Pafil 11. Dam`umnam Mutrhsh Uadam Larva `am Fimhb. Mg Amalhsa Dam`umnam (%) 1 Urgtihm :8-01 6 Likad 9 : Zirat dasar ? 0 Afu 1? 9 Da`ar ahr 15 Zukfir3 @ata prhkir
Zukfir padam fahd umtud larva kaupum fimhb kirupadam padam dgkirshl. Uilit umtud larva ukur 15 barh firupa pilit tipumn yamn `htifar sidilhlhmn bapa sijara kirata anar th`ad tirca`h pirifutam kadamam. Oriduimsh pikfirham padam umtud larva : dalh `alak sibarh, `imnam pikfirham padam sijara a`lhfhtuk, a`lhfhtuk, sakpah hdam fimar-fimar dimyamn `am adam firbimth saat hdam th`ad kau kadam lanh (Nakfar 15).
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Nakfar 15 Uikfirham Uadam Larva Ua`a Bapa (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h )
Zitilab larva `htifar `h dglak pim`i`iram, hdam `hfhasadam `hfirh padam `hpgcgd dglak, `imnam jara kikfuat a`gmam padam `arh pilit tipumn `htakfab ahr si`hdht. A`gmam padam `hlitaddam pa`a phrhmn, si`amndam phrhmnmya `hnamtumn pa`a dayu `am `hlitadam `h pgcgd dglak. Jara hmh kikpirku`ab pimngmtrglam larva. Zitilab `ua khmnnu kasa pikilhbaraam, pikilh baraam, fimhb `hfirh padam jrukfli `imnam `gshs padam 15% `arh fgfgt fhgkasa hdam (Nakfar 11).
Nakfar 11 Uikfirham Uadam Zidilhlhmn Dglak (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h ) 9.0.0. Kamacikim Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja
1. Uirdikfamnam `am pirtukfubam larva @alak kasa pikilhbaraam :5 barh, larva yamn `hpilhbara `hudur pirdikfamnam fgfgt `am pamcamn larva thap khmnnumya. Uimnuduram pamcamn `am
06
fgfgt larva `hakfhl `imnam sakpil :5 idgr larva yamn diku`ham `hjarh rataratamya. Bashl pimnuduram `apat `hlhbat pa`a tafil 16. Pafil 16 Uirdikfamnam `am Uirtukfubam Larva Ykur Uamcamn tgtal rataKhmnnu di(Barh) rata (jk)
1 : 6 15 : 1> 0 60 Zukfir3 @ata prhkir
Fgfgt rata-rata (n)
5,152 5,?2? 6,25> 0,68
5,556 5,61: 5,028 1,:
@arh tafil `h atas `apat `hlhbat fabwa, pamcamn tgtal rata-rata larva thap khmnnumya kimhmndat. Xahtu khmnnu pirtaka 5,152 jk, khmnnu di`ua 5,?2? jk, khmnnu dithna 6,25> jk, `am khmnnnu di ikpat 0,68 jk. Zi`amndam fgfgt ratarata larva cuna kimnalakh pimhmndatam thap khmnnumya, yahtu khmnnu pirtaka 5,556 n, khmnnu di`ua 5,61: n, khmnnu dithna 5,028 n, `am khmnnu di ikpat 1,: n. Ymtud kikpircilas pirufabam pamcamn `am fgfgt larva thap khmnnumya `apat `hlhbat pa`a nraohd nakfar 16 `am nakfar 1:.
Fgfgt (n) Fgfgt (n) 1,:
5,0?8 5,61: 5,556 1
6
:
0
Khmnnu di-
Nakfar 16 Naohd Uirtakfabam Uirtakfabam Fgfgt larva Uirkhmnnu (Zukfir3 @ata Urhkir )
@arh nakfar nraohd `h atas `apat `hlhbat pirufabam narhs nraohd yamn thap khmnnumya sikadhm kimhmndat. Bashl yamn `h pirglib `arh pimnuduram thap
0:
khmnnumya yahtu khmnnu pirtaka 5,556 n, khmnnu di`ua 5,61: n, khmnnu dithna 5,028 n, `am khmnnu di ikpat 1,: n.
Uamcamn (jk) Uamcamn (jk) 0,68 6,25> 5,?2?
5,152 1
6
:
0
Khmnnu di-
Nakfar 1: Nraohd Uirdikfamnam Uirdikfamnam Uamcamn Larva Uirkhmnnu (Zukfir3 @ata Urhkir )
Zaka sipirth bashl pimnuduram fgfgt rata-rata larva, pimnuduram pamcamn rata-rata larva cuna sithap khmnnumya kimnalakh pimhmndatam. Bal hmh `h tam`ah `imnam narhs pa`a nraohd tirus kimhmndat di atas thap khmnnumya `am th`ad kimnalakh pimurumam. Bashl `arh pimnuduram pamcamn rata-rata larva yahtu khmnnu pirtaka 5,152 jk, khmnnu di`ua 5,?2? jk, khmnnu dithna 6,25> jk, `am khmnnnu di ikpat 0,68 jk. Zilahm htu `arh prgsis kamacikim pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja `h`apat fifirapa bashl pimnuduram sipirth pirtukfubam pamcamn kutlad (L), pirtukfubam fgfgt kutlad (^k), `am lacu pirtukfubam spishohd (LUZ) `apat `hlhbat pa`a tifil 1:. Pafil 1:. Bashl Uimnuduram L, _k, `am ZNV L ^k (n) (n) 0,12 1,68 Zukfir3 @ata Urhkir
LUZ (%) :,:
00
6. Kgmhtgrhmn Dualhtas Ahr Zilaka kasa pikilhbaraam :5 barh, pimnuduram dualhtas ahr dglak cuna `hladudam. Uimnuduram dualhtas ahr `hladudam silaka 6 khmnnu, khmnnu pirtaka pimnuduram dualhtas ahr pa`a bapa wa`ab pikilhbaraam larva. @am khmnnu di`ua pa`a dglak pim`i`iram H. Zitilab `hladudam pimnuduram silaka fifirapa barh, bashl `h`apatdam diku`ham `hjarh dhsarammya `am `hfam`hmndam `imnam Ztam`ar Mashgmal Hm`gmisha yamn sisuah `alak pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja. Bashl pimnuduram dualhtas ahr pikilhbaraam larva `h bapa `apat `hlhbat pa`a tafil 10. Pafil 10. Dulhatas Ahr Zilaka Uikilhbaraam Larva `h Bapa Mg Uarakitir Dhsaram ZMH 1 Zubu µJ 6>-62 69-:5µJ 6 pB ?,29->,95 ?,9-2,9 : @G kn/l 9,1->,> Khm 9 kn/l 0 Akgmhad kn/l 5,1>-5,69 < 5,56 kn/l Zukfir3 @ata prhkir
Ua`a tafil `h atas `apat `hlhbat fabwa dhsaram parakitir subu 6>-62 µJ, pB ?,29->,954 @G 9,1->,> kn/l `am akgmhad 5,1>-5,69 kn/l. parakitir akgmhad < 5,56 kn/l firshoat rajum. Phmnnhmya akgmhad `hsifafdam caramnmya `hladudam pirnamtham ahr. Zi`amndam pimnuduram dualhtas ahr pa`a dglak pim`i`iram `apat `hlhbat pa`a tifil 19. Pafil 19. Dulhatas Ahr Zilaka Uim`i`iram Larva @h Dglak Uim`i`iram F9 Mg Uarakitir Dhsaram ZMH 1 Zubu µJ 6>-68 69-:5µJ 6 pB ?,>0->,85 ?,9-2,9 : @G kn/l 9,>-8,> Khm 9 kn/l 0 Akgmhad kn/l 5,69-5,:5 < 5,56 kn/l 9 Dijirabam jk 18-65 = 65 jk ? Dithmnnham ahr jk >5 95->5 jk Zukfir3 @ata prhkir
09
Ua`a tafil `h atas bamya parakitir akgmhad, kilifhbh `arh ZMH. Makum bashl pimnakatam silaka pikilhbaraam, kisdh akgmhad kilifhbh stam`ar fadu ZMH th`ad firpimnarub pa`a dilamnsumnam bh`up hdam. @htam`ah th`ad a`amya hdam kath atau stris. Makum umtud pimjinabam, titap `hladudam pimamnamam `imnam jara `hladudam pirnamtham ahr sifanham. 9.0.9. Uikamimam Fimhb Hdam Mhla Chja
Jara pikamimam fimhb pa`a dglak pim`i`iram yahtu pamim sifanham, sifiluk `hladudam pikamimam `hpasamn tirlifhb `abulu bapa `h phmnnhr dglak sifanah wa`ab pimakpumn fimhb. Zilamcutmya pikamimam `hladudam `imnam kimnnumadam carhmn, `htarhd `arh su`ut dglak satu di su`ut dglak lahm (Nakfar 19).
Nakfar 10. Uikamimam Fimhb (Zukfir3 @gdukimtash Urhfa`h) Urhfa`h )
Ua`a pim`i`iram H `imnam laka pikilhbaraam : khmnnu. @h`apatdam bashl pamim 15.955 idgr idgr fimhb `apat `hlhbat pa`a tafil 1?. Pafil 1?. Bashl Uamim Uim`i`iram H Bashl pamim Yduram (jk) Idgr 1-: :.195 :-9 ?.:55 9-2 1.595 Pgtal 15.955 Zukfir3 @apa Urhkir
ZV (%) % :5 ?5 15 155%
>5
0?
@arh tafil `h atas `apat `hlhbat fabwa bashl pamim a`a : uduram yahtu 1-: jk :5%4 uduram :-9 jk ?5%4 uduram 9-2 jk 15%. @imnam cuklab tgtal fimhb 15.955 idgr `am ZV >5%. Alat yamn `hnumadam `alak pikamimam yahtu carhmn, bapa, damtgmn plasthd, ikfir nra`hmn, `am thkfamnam. Uikamimam `hladudam pikamimam disilurubam. Jhrh-jhrh fimhb yamn fahd a`alab uduram siranak, th`ad a`a jajat, grnam tufub limndap, adtho firimamn, `am th`ad tirsiramn pimyadht. 9.9. Kamacikim Uimyadht Hdam Mhla Chja
Zilaka :5 barh kanamn `h FUFAP Cakfh kimnhduth pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja th`ad a`a pimyadht atau dikatham yamn `htikudam. Bal hmh `hsifafdam darima dulhtas larva `am fimhb yamn `hnumadam tirkasud fahd, a`aptho atau ku`ab kimyisuahdam `hrh (tgliram) `imnam pirufabam dia`aam lhmndumnam sirta tabam (rishstim) tirba`ap namnnuam baka `am pimyadht. Zilahm htu, dam`uamnam mutrhsh `alak padam sirta dualhtas `am duamthtas padam yamn `hfirhdam sisuah sis uah `imnam difutubam hdam sibhmnna `apat `hkamoaatdam glib hdam `imnam fahd umtud pirtukfubammya.
0>
_H. UIKFABAZAM
?.1. Pidmhd Uikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja ?.1.1. Zukfir Larva
Uikhcabam a`alab pirdawham hm`ud camtam `am hm`ud fithma sakpah kimnbashldam larva. Hdam mhla chja `apat kimjapah `iwasa pa`a ukur 0-9 fulam `am ha adam kimjapah pirtukfubam kadshkal umtud kikhcab sakpah firukur 1,9-6 tabum. Ua`a saat kimjapah ukur lifhb `arh satu tabum, dhra-dhra firatmya kimjapah 255 n, fhsa kimnbashldam larva 1655-1955 larva sithap dalh kikhcab. @am `apat kiladudam pikhcabam ?-> dalh `alak sitabum. Uirkasalabam yamn `htikudam `alak sukfir larva a`alab duramnmya katamn ngma` hm`ud yamn `hphcabdam. Hm`ud sitilab kiladudam pikhcabam futub wadtu pikulhbam pikatamnam ngma` 1,9 fulam umtud pikhcabam silamcutmya. Dim`ala yamn tirca`h pa`a pikhcabam saat kiladudam dinhatam kanamn `h FUFAP Cakfh, hm`ud th`ad sakpah pikulhbam PND silaka 1,9 fulam makum su`ab `hphcabdam dikfalh. Zibhmnna larva yamn `hbashldam si`hdht. Zglush yamn barus `hladudam, sifahdmya hm`ud yamn su`ab `hphcabdam sifiluk 1,9 fulam camnam `hphcabdam dikfalh anar fhsa kimnbashldam larva yamn sisuah `imnam dihmnhmam. ?.1.6. Uamim Larva Mhla Chja
Ua`a usha 0-9 barh larva tilab bakphr kimyirupah hm`udmya, `am pa`a saat hmh hm`ud mhla chja kulah kikfhardam larva hdam umtud kimjarh kadam sim`hrh. Bal hmh `h tam`ah a`amya nirgkfglam amad hdam mhla chja `h sidhtar dglak pikhcabam. @hsaat htulab `hladudammya pikamimam larva pa`a panh `am sgri barh.
02
Ua`a prgsis pikamimam larva th`ad `htikuh dim`ala `am pirkasalabam. Bal hmh `hdarimadam cuklab alat yamn kika`ah umtud kiladudam pamim, cuklab timana dirca yamn judup, sirta th`ad a`amya baka yamn kimnnamnu larva. ?.1.:. Uikilhbaraam Larva Hdam Mhla Chja
Uikilhbaram larva `hladudam silaka sikhmnnu, sitilab htu faru `htifar di dglak pim`i`iram. @alak kasa pikilhbaraam larva th`ad `htikuh dim`ala `alak piladsaammya, bal hmh darima silaka pikilhbaraam larva th`ad a`a baka yamn kimnnamnnu dilamnsumnam bh`up larva sirta sarama `am prasarama `alak kiladudam dinhatam hmh judup kika`ah sibhmnna th`ad `htikudammya kasalab. ?.6. Pidmhd Uim`i`iram Larva Hdam Mhla Chja ?.:.1. Uirshapam ^a`ab Dglak Uim`i`iram H
Uirshapam wa`ab pim`i`iram `hladudam `imnam fifirapa tabap yahtu, tabap pirtaka pimnirhmnam dglak, tabap di`ua pimnapuram tamab `arsar dglak, tabap dithna pikupudam tamab `asar dglak, tabap tiradbhr yahtu pimnhsham ahr. @alak piladsaam dinhatam pirshapam wa`ab pim`i`iram H, th`ad a`a `h tikudammya dim`ala darima sarama `am prasarama, alat `am fabam sirta timana dirca umtud kiladudam dinhatam hmh kika`ah. Zibhmnna piladsaam pirshapam wa`ab dglak pim`i`iram `hladsamadam tampa a`amya dim`ala. ?.6.6. Ua`at Pifar `am Pidmhd Uimifaram
@alak tabap hmh th`ad `htikudam pirkasalabam yamn shnmhohdam. Darima pa`at pimifaram sisuah `am th`ad pirlu a`a tidmhd dbusus `alak pimifaram. @alak pirshapam dglak pim`i`iram cuna th`ad `h tikudam pirkasalabam. Zilahm sarama `am prasama umtud dinhtam pirshapam dglak limndap, timana dirca cuna judup `htakfab timana `arh para pisirta kanamn `h FUFAP Cakfh.
08
?.6.:. Uadam `am Uikfirham Uadam
Ymtud padam th`ad `htikudam pirkasalabam. Zilahm stgd padam yamn judup, dam`umnam mutrhsh `alak padam cuna su`ab sisuah `imnam difutubam hdam. Zibhmnna hdam tukfub `am firdikfamn `imnam fahd. Uirkasalabammya `alak tidmhd atau jara pikfirham padam, yahtu pikfirham padam dilhlhmn dglak saat hdam kashb sta`ha larva `am filuk tirfhasa kadam `hsatu su`ut phmnnhr dglak, sibhmnna kimnuras timana `am wadtu. Zglush yamn `apat `hladudam yahtu pikfhasaam hdam umtud firdukpul `hsalab satu su`ut dglak. Jara hmh kikpirku`ab umtud pikfirham padam. ?.6.0. Kamacikim Uikilhbaraam Larva `am Uim`i`iram Hdam Mhla Chja
@alak prgsis kamacikim pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja, bal yamn pirlu `hladudam `am `hpirbathdam yahtu pimnuduram dualhtas ahr yamn firtucuam umtud kimnitabuh apadab dualhtas ahr su`ab sisuah `imnam stam`ar fadu pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja yamn fahd. Uirkasalabam `alak prgsis kamacikim pikilhbaraam yahtu `alak prgsis pimnuduram dualhtas ahr dglak. Famyadmya pisirta kanamn `h FUFAP Cakfh `am si`hdhtmya umht umtud alat pimnuduram dualhtas ahr kimyifafdam tirca`hmya amtrham `alak pikadaham alat fahd `h lapamnam kaupum `alak lafgratgrhuk. Zglush umtud kasalab hmh yahtu barap `arh phbad FUFAP Cakfh anar `apat kimakfab umht alat pimnuduram dualhtas ahr. ?.6.9 Uikamimam Fimhb Hdam Mhla Chja
Uikamimam fimhb `hladudam sitilab kasa pikilhbaraam pim`i`iram H silaka : khmnnu, `hladudam pa`a panh barh. Uamim `hladudam `imnam
95
kimnnumadam carhmn. Zitilab pamim silisah tabap silamcutmya `hladudam nra`hmn umtud kikhsabdam fimhb sisuah `imnam uduram kashmn-kashmn. @alak prgsis pikamimam cuna th`ad `htikudam pikasalabam, bal hmh `hsifafdam judupmya alat `am oashlhtas `alak pikamimam. @am cuna judupmya timana dirca umtud kiladudam prgsis pikamimam `htakfab famtuam timana `arh para pisirta kanamn. ?.:. Kamacikim Uimyadht Hdam Mhla Chja
@alak dinhatam pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram silak :5 barh, kimicikim pimyadht hdam samnat pimthmn. Kimnhmnat umtud difirbashlam silaka pikilhbaraam adam firbashl fhla hdam mhla chja yamn `hpilhbara th`ad tirsiramn pimyadht. Zilaka kanamn :5 barh `h FUFAP Cakfh th`ad `htikudamya pimyadht silaka pikilhbaraam larva kaupum `alak tabap pim`i`iram H.
91
_HH. DIZHKUYLAM @AM ZAVAM
>.1. Dishkpulam
Uikilhbaraam larva `hladudam pa`a wa`ab bapa uduram ? k 6 silaka 1 khmnnu. Uim`iram larva hdam mhla chja `hladudam pa`a dglak fitgm uduram 695 k 6 `imnam pa`at tifar ?5 idgr/k 6 cuklab hdam yamn `h tifar 19.555 idgr. Uadam umtud larva ukur 15 barh `hfirh padam pilit tipumn. @am 6 khmnnu sitilab kasa pikilhbaraam `hfirh padam jrukfli. Bashl pamim `h`apat : uduram yahtu3 1-: jk :5% :-9 jk ?5% 9-2 jk 15% `imnam ZV >5% yahtu 15.955 idgr larva yamn `h pamim. Zilaka pikilhbaraam larva `am pim`i`iram hdam mhla chja th`ad a`a pimyadht atau dikatham yamn `htikudam. Bal hmh `hsifafdam darima dualhtas larva `am fimhb yamn `hnumadam tirkasud fahd, a`aptho atau ku`ab kimyisuahdam `hrh (tgliram) `imnam pirufabam dia`aam lhmndumnam sirta tabam (rishstim) tirba`ap namnnuam baka `am pimyadht. >.6. Zaram
Zifahdmya hm`ud yamn `hnumadam su`ab kiliwath kasa pikilhbaraam umtud pikulhbam thmndat dikatamnam ngma` `imnam wadtu pikulhbam 1,9 fulam. Zibhmnna hm`ud yamn yamn `hphcabdam `apat kimnbashldam larva atau fimhb yamn sisuah `imnam apa yamn `hbarapdam.
96
@AOPAV UYZPADA
Akrh, D. `am Dbahrukam. 6552. Fu`h`aya Hdam Mhla Zijara Hmtimsho . Arng Ki`ha Uustada. Cadarta. 100 bal. Arhi, Y. 6551. Uikfimhbam 6551. Uikfimhbam `am Uikfisaram Mhla Nhot . Uimifar Zwa`aya. Cadarta. 162 bal. Arhi, Y. `am @icii, @. 6556. Uam`uam Limndap Fimhb Hdam Dgmsuksh. Uimifar Zwa`aya. Cadarta. 66? bal. Fajbthar, X.6515. Fudu phmtar Fu`h @aya & Fhsmhs Nurakh. Anrg Ki`ha. Cadarta. 665 bal. Iooim`hi, K. 188>. Fhglgnh Uirhdamam. Xayasam Uustada Musamtar a. Xgnyadarta. Nbuoram, K. `am Dg`rh, D. 6515. Fu`h`aya Hdam Mhla `h Dglak Pirpal. Uimirfht Am`h. Cadarta. 19? bal. Nbuoram, K. `am Dg`rh, D. 651:. Fu`h`aya Mhla Ymnnul. Anrg Ki`ha. Cadarta. 19? bal. Cu`amtarh, Zrh, Akrh, `am Dbahrukam. 6552. Urgspid Fhsmhs `am Pidmhd Fu`h`aya Mhla Ymnnul Mhla Mhrwama. UP Nraki`ha Uustada Uustada Ytaka. Cadarta. 19> bal. Dbahrukam, B `am Akrh, D. 6511. 6,9 Fulam Uamim Hdam Mhla. Anrg Ki`ha. Cadarta. 656 bal. Dbahrukam, B `am Akrh, D. 651:. Fu`h @aya Hdam Mhla. Anrg Ki`ha. C adarta. 166 bal. Dgr`h, `am Nbuorgm. 6555. Fu`h`aya Hdam Mhla. @abara Urhz i. Zikaramn. 659 bal. Milsgm, C.Z.1820. Ohsbis Ohsbis go tbi wgr`. Cbgm ^hliy& Zgms, Miw Xgrd 960 p. Munrgbg, I. `am Drhstamtg, B. A. 6552. Uam`uam Limndap Hdam Dgmsuksh Ahr Pawar Ugpulir. Uimifar Zwa`aya. Cadarta. 1:6 bal. Munrgbg, I. 6511. 6511. Mhla #1 Ymnnul. Ymnnul. Uimifar Zwa`aya Cadarta. 166 bal. Urathwh, H. 6519. Ysaba Uikfhfhtam 8 Cimhs Hdam Ymnnulam. Uustada Faru Uriss. Xgnyadarta. 18: bal. Uraygna, A. 6511. Zudsis Fu`h`aya Mhla Pukpamnsarh Cakur Phrak. Afata Uriss. Xgnyadarta. 165 bal. Zaamhm, B. 182?. Padsgmgkh `am Dumjh H`imthohdash Hdam. Fhma Jpta. Cadarta. 965 bal.
9:
Zujhptg, A. `am Urhbartgmg, I. 6559. Uikfisaram Mhla Kirab Famndgd. Uimifar Zwa`aya, Cadarta. 199 bal. Zutamtg, @. 6519. Fu`h`aya Mhla. Uustada Faru Uriss . Xgnyadarta. 16> bal. Zuthsma, @. B `am V. Zutarkamtg. 1888. Uikfimhbam Hdam Ahr Pawar. Pawar. Damashus. Xgnyadarta. 1:6 bal. Zuyamtg, V. 1880. Mhla. Uimifar Zwa`aya. Cadarta.159 bal.
90
LAKUHVAM
99
Lakphram 1. Uita Lgdash Kanamn @isa Zumnah Nilak
9?
Lakphram 6. Lay Gut FUFAP Cakfh
9>
Lakphram : Pafil Uimnuduram Uimnuduram Fgfgt @am Uamcamn Larva Larva
Mg
1. :. 6. 0. 9. ?. >. 2. 8. 15. 11. 16. 1:. 10. 19. 1?. 1>. 12. 18. 65. 61. 66. 6:. 60. 69. 6?. 6>. 62. 68. :5. Pgtal Vatarata
Khmnnu 1 PL F^ (Jk) (n) 5,52 5,551 5,52 5,551 5,5> 5,551 5,52 5,559 5,10 5,559 5,52 5,559 5,58 5,556 5,16 5,55: 5,19 5,550 5,52 5,551 5,58 5,551 5,1? 5,55: 5,52 5,551 5,5> 5,551 5,5> 5,551 5,52 5,551 5,5> 5,556 5,5> 5,559 5,52 5,556 5,1: 5,55: 5,1: 5,550 5,98 5,556 5,58 5,551 5,52 5,551 5,58 5,551 5,52 5,551 5,1 5,551 5,5> 5,551 5,5> 5,556 5,52 5,556 :,69 5,5?0
Khmnnu 6 PL F^ (Jk) (n) 1,8 5,1 5,8 5,1 1,11 5,6 5,16 5,: 1,11 5,6 5,2 5,6 5,52 5,1 5,8 5,6 5,58 5,1 5,1 5,1 5,58 5,6 5,8 5,6 1,58 5,6 5,16 5,0 1,1 5,6 5,8 5,6 5,1 5,: 5,2 5,1 1,52 5,6 5,1 5,: 5,1 5,: 1,19 5,> 5,1 5,6 5,2 5,1 5,8 5,6 1,5> 5,1 5,> 5,1 1,52 5,: 5,61 5,6 1,58 5,: 65,98 ?,0
Khmnnu : PL F^ (Jk) (n) 6,? 5,99 5,99 6,: 5,:6 5,:6 6,1 5,:2 1,: 5,01 6,: 5,0: 6,9 5,>: 6,> 5,96 :,1 5,:> :,1 5,: 1,2 5,:9 : 5,62 :,2 5,66 6,: 5,66 6,6 5,0 :,9 5,69 :,? 5,19 : 5,6? :,8 5,1> 5,1> :,9 5,:: :,1 5,62 :,2 5,16 6,2 5,:> 5,:> :,: 5,16 6,2 5,61 6,9 5,58 :,9 5,18 6,? 5,18 6,9 5,69 5,69 6,: 5,66 6,0 5,18 5,18 20,6 2,2>
Khmnnu 0 PL F^ (Jk) (n) 0,9 1,91 :,9 5,>6 0,> 1,29 0,9 1,?? 0,9 1,29 0 1,0> 0,9 1,80 0,9 1,8 0,9 6,6> 0,8 1,0: :,2 1,>6 0,9 1,60 0,? 1,>1 0,: 1,58 0 5,>6 :,2 1,6> :,8 1,9? 0,9 1,1 :,9 5,8 0,> 1,12 0,9 1,?: 0 1,69 0,9 1,:6 0,9 5,8: 0,8 1,>: :,2 1,1 0,9 5,>6 0 1,96 0,: 1,:6 0 1,6: 162,> 01,20
5,152
5,?2?
6,25>
0,68
5,556
5,61:
5,68?
1,:80??>
92
Lakphram 0. Amalhshs @ata Urhkir
1. Uirtukfubam Uamcamn kutlad L ; Lt ‚ Lg Lg L ; 0,68 n ‚ 5,5152 5,5152 n L ; 0,12 n 6. Uirtukfubam fgfgt kutlad ^k ; ^t ‚ ^g ^g ^k ; 1,: ‚ 5,556 5,556 ^k ; 1,68 n :. Lacu pirtukfubam spishohd LUZ ; lm ^t ‚ lm lm ^g x 155% 155% t LUZ ; lm 01,20 ‚ lm 5,55?0 x 155% :5 LUZ ; :,: % 0. Phmndat dilulubh`upam larva (ZV) ZV ; Mt x 155% Mg ZV ; 15.955 x 155% 19.555 ZV ; >5 %
98
Lakphram 9.Pafil Dinhatam Zilaka Kanamn
Mg
1
Barh / Pamnnal/Cak
Zimhm, 6:/51/651>/ 11.19 10.55 10.:5
6
:
0
Zilasa, 60/51/651>/ 52319 58315 10.55
Dinhatam
Zakpah dilgdash kanamn FUFAP Cakfh
Ngtgmn rgygmn Lamcut ngtgmn rgygmn
Zikhmar prgpgsal curusam Fu`haya Uirahram YV
105355
Zikhmar lamcutam sakpah silisah
Dakhs, 6?/51/651>/ 52355
Afsim panh
1?.55 1?.15
Uikasamnam bapa umtud pikilhbaraam larva/ pimakpumnam larva sikimtara Uamim larva `h dglak pikhcabam Afsim sgri
Cuk‘at, 6>/51/651>/ 52355
-
A`khmhstrash Kimnhduth sikhmar kanamn @hsdush sikhmar `am arabam `arh curusam kamackim sukfir`aya pikfhkfhmn umtud dilgkpgd pirahram umhvirshtas rhau jyjlh` Uimnarabam `am pikfanham pikfhkfhmn lapamnam
Vafu, 69/51/651>/ 58319
5819.
Bashl
Uisirta sikhmar 69 gramn `arh curusam F@U YV, au`himji amad ZKD `am kabashswa KZU Uikfhkfhmn lapamnam tir`hrh `arh satu gramn `arh kashmnkashmn fh`amn yahtu jyjlh`, `gkisthd, jatohsb Uimakphlam sikhmar `arh jyjlh` `am `gkisthd -
Yduram bapa : x 6 k
Kimnnumadam sirgd balus -
Afsim panh
52319
Uirshapam wa`ab pim`i`iram H
58300
Akfhl sakpil `am pimnuduram pamcamn sirta firat larva
1?.55
Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja
9
Uimnirhmnam dglak, pikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak, pimnapuram, pikupudam. Uamcamn rata-rata larva 5,152 jk Firat rata-rata larva 5,556 n Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud.
Uarao Uikfhkfhmn Lapamnam
?5
?
>
1?315 Zaftu, 62/51/651>/ 5235>
Afsim sgri
58319
Uajdhmn hdam kas
Khmnnu, 68/51/651>/ 52355
Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja
10355
Uikfirham padam larva `h bapa `am padam hm`ud `h dglak pikhcabam
1?355
Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja
Zimhm, :5/51/651>/ 52355 52319 523:5 583:5 2 1:305 10.55 1?355 1?3:5 Zilasa, :1/51/651>/ 52355 52315 8
58355 10355 19.55 1?355
Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja
Afsim panh Apil panh Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja Uikhm`abam hdam mhla jalgm hm`ud `arh dglak di dirakfa Uikfirham padam larva `h bapa `am padam hm`ud `h dglak pikhcabam Uimnhsham ahr `h dglak pim`i`iram. Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja Afsim sgri
Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud Uajdhmn hdam kas uduram dgmsuksh, 09 damtgmn plasthd Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. -
Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Ymtud pikilhbaraam jalgm hm`ud Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Dithmnnham ahr awal 69 jk Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. -
Afsim panh Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja Uikhm`abam hdam mhla arh dglak di dirakfa Uikfirham padam larva `h bapa `am padam hm`ud `h dglak pikhcabam Uimakfabam dithmnnham ahr `h dglak pim`i`iram Uamim larva, pikfirham padam
Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Hdam `h phm`abdam di dirakfa umtud pikilhbaraam hm`ud Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Bhmnna thmnnh ahr kimjapah 25 jk Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud
?1
larva `am hm`ud mhla chja 1?319 Vafu, 51/56/651>/ 593:5
Afsim sgri Akfhl sakpil ahr `h dglak F> `am pimnuduram subu panh ahr dglak
5?355
Ydur @g `am pB `h lafgratgrhuk HH dualhtas ahr
52355
Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja
52365 58355 15 1:3:5
10355 193:5 1?355 1?3:5 Dakhs, 56/56/651>/ 593:5 5?3:5 5>365 52359 11 583:5 1:.00
10355 10399
Afsim panh Uimnuduram dijirabam ahr dglak panh Akfhl sakpil ahr `h dglak F>, pimnuduram subu shamn ahr dglak `am pimnuduram dijirabam ahr dglak Uikfirham padam larva `h bapa `am padam hm`ud `h dglak pikhcabam Ydur @g `am pB `h lafgratgrhuk HH dualhtas ahr Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja Afsim sgri Akfhl sakpil ahr `h dglak F> `am pimnuduram subu panh ahr dglak Ydur @g `am pB `h lafgratgrhuk HH dualhtas ahr Uimnuduram dijirabam ahr dglak F> Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja Afsim panh Akfhl sakpil ahr `h dglak F>, pimnuduram subu shamn ahr Dglak `am pimnuduram dijirabam ahr dglak Uikfirham padam larva `h bapa `am padam hm`ud `h dglak pikhcabam Ydur @g `am pB `h
larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Zubu 68µJ
@G 1,66 Kn/L pB ?,26 Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Dijirabam 18,9 jk Zubu 68µJ dijirabam 65 jk
Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. @G1:,59 Kn/L pB 8,22 Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Zubu 62µJ
@G 9,:5 Kn/L pB ?,>? 18,6 jk Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Zubu 68µJ
Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. @G >,>9 Kn/L
?6
lafgratgrhuk HH dualhtas ahr 1?355 1?3:5
Cuk‘at, 5:/56/651>/ 593:5
16
59399
52355
Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja
52315
Uimnuduram dijirabam ahr dglak F>
52365
Uimifaram larva
103:5 193:5 1?355 1?365 Zaftu, 50/56/651>/ 593:5 5?355 52355 52319 1:3:5 1?355
10
Afsim sgri Akfhl sakpil ahr `h dglak F> `am pimnuduram subu panh ahr dglak Ydur @g, akgmhad `am pB `h lafgratgrhuk HH dualhtas ahr
1:3:5
1:
Uamim larva, pikfirham padam larva `am hm`ud mhla chja
1?365 Khmnnu, 59/56/651>/ 52355 10355
Akfhl sakpil ahr `h dglak F9, pimnuduram subu ahr Dglak `am pimnuduram dijirabam ahr dglak Ydur @g `h lafgratgrhuk HH dualhtas ahr Uimnuduram pirtukfubam larva hdam mhla chja Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Afsim sgri Akfhl sakpil ahr `h dglak F> `am pimnuduram subu panh ahr dglak Ydur @g `h lafgratgrhuk HH dualhtas ahr Afsim panh Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Afsim sgri Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram
pB 8,>0 Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. 62µJ
@G 6,00 Kn/L Akgmha 5,61 Kn/L pB ?,>6 Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud hm`ud. Dijirabam 1> jk Cuklab larva yamn `h tifar 19.555 idgr Zubu :6µJ Dijirabam 65 jk
@G 11,06 Kn/L Uamcamn rata-rata larva 5,?2? jk Firat rata-rata 5,61: n Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Zubu 68µJ
@G 1,?: Kn/L Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva
?:
1?355
Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram
Zimhm, 5?/56/651>/ 52355
Afsim panh
52319
Apil panh
58319
Kimnhduth sikhmar bashl dinhatam 651? `am sikhmar prgpgsal dinhatam 651> FUFAP Cakfh
10355
Kimnhduth sikhmar lamcutam
Zilasa, 5>/56/651>/ 52355
Afsim panh
58319
Kimnhduth sikhmar bashl dinhatam 651? `am sikhmar prgpgsal dinhatam 651> FUFAP Cakfh
10355
Kimnhduth sikhmar lamcutam
Vafu, 52/56/651>/ 52355
Afsim panh
19
1?
1>
58359
Uik`atam katirh
10355
Lamcutam pika`atam katirh
Dakhs, 58/56/651>/ 52355
Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram
15319
Carhmn fimhb hdam kas `h dglak F1
10355
Nra`hmn fimhb hdam kas
12
1?355 1?3:5
Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Afsim sgri
Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva -
Uimnrabam `arh pikfhma apil umtud pisirta kanamn `h FUFAP Cakfh umtud kimnhduth sikhmar @imnam marasukfir `gsim `arh YNK
Zikhmar dinhatam `arh daryawam FUFAP Cakfh sakpah silisah -
@imnam marasukfir `gsim `arh YNK
Zikhmar dinhatam `arh daryawam FUFAP Cakfh sakpah silisah -
Marasukfir `arh pinawah FUFAP Cakfh `arh fh`amn jyjlh` yahtu hdam mhla `am hdam kas Marasukfir `arh pinawah FUFAP Cakfh `arh fh`amn jabtohsb Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Fimhb `h carhmn umtud `h nra`hmn `am dglak adam `h dirhmndam Fimhb `h phsabdam amtara yamn warma bhtak `imnam yamn warma kirab diku`hamn `h nra`hmn atau `h phsabdam fir`asardam uduram Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva -
?0
55355
Uimyumthdam hm`ud hdam faumn umtud pikhcabam
Cuk‘at, 15/56/651>/ 5>3:5 523:5 18
1:309 10355 1?355 1?365 Zaftu, 11/56/651>/ 52355 58319
65 10355 1?355 1?365 Khmnnu, 16/56/651>/ 52355 61
10355 1?355 Zimhm, 1:/56/651>/ 52355 58395 15365
66
1:3:5 103 65 19365 1?355
@imnam `gshs pimyumthdam 5,?/ Dn umtud hm`ud fithma `alak pimyumthdam di`ua -
Afsim panh Uirshapam dglak pim`i`iram `h F1 Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Akfhl sakpil larva `am pimnuduram larva Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Afsim sgri Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Bhtumn larva `am pikhm`abam larva mhla kirab di dglak pim`i`iram F16 Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Afsim sgri Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram Uikfirham padam larva `h dglak pim`i`iram
Uimnirhmnam, pikfalhdam `asar dglak, pimnapuram, pikupudam Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Uamcamn rata-rata larva 6,25>jk Firat rata-rata 5,028 n Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cuklab larva 1>5.555
Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva -
Afsim panh `am apil panh Ycham, ivaluash katirh Zilidsh jalgm hm`ud hdam mhla chja `h dirakfa wa`ud thna Dashb padam shamn Firshbdam fad fitgm umtud dglak pikhcabam hdam kas cayasadth Zilidsh hm`ud hdam kas `h dirakfa wa`ud : Dashb padam sgri
0 fimtud sgal sikuamya isah 6.1?5 idgr jalgm hm`ud fithma Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud larva Uikfirshbam fad, pikasamnam bapa `am pikasamnam dadafam @imnam pirfam`hmnam 13: hm`ud camtam `am hm`ud fithma Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud
?9
1>355 Zilasa,10/56/6 51>/ 52355 52399 15319 6:
10355 19355
1?355
Vafu, 19/56/651>/ 523:5 60
10355 1?355 61355 Dakhs, 1?/56/651>/ 52355 58.55
69 16.55 10.55
1?.55
Cuk‘at , 6?
1>/56/651>/ 52355
larva Kimnnumadam bgrkgm gvavrhk, Uimhkfamnam fgfgt awal hm`ud bamya hm`ud fithma yamn `h sifiluk pikhcabam `am phcabda. Uikhcabam `imnam shtik Uimyumthdam hm`ud hdam kas sikh alakh Cimhs padam pillit jrukfli umtud Uikfirham padam larva `h larva dglak pim`i`iram Uimhkfamnam fgfgt adbhr Vata-rata fgfgt hm`ud fithma hm`ud sitilab kiladudam Vata-rata fgfgt hm`ud camtam pikhcabam Zilidsh jalgm hm`ud hdam chja `h @imnam cuklab hm`ud fithma dirakfa wa`ud : Uikfabasam katirh `am `ata @ata pim`i`iram hdam mhla yamn filuk `h`apat `imnam pikfhkfhmn lapamnam @hdglak `am `ha`ud : Uajdhmn hdam kas `am mhla umtud `h cual di dgmsukim Cimhs padam pillit tipumn umtud larva, padam dgkirshl umtud Uikfirham padam larva `h hm`ud. Zhstik pikfirham padam dglak pim`i`iram yahtu sijara kamual atau kimnnumadam tamnam LHFYV MAZHGMAL, dashb Uilit firfimtud jrukfli dglak padam larva panh, kimnudur F9 dualhtas ahr dglak pim`i`iram larva hdam mhla Dashb padam larva shamn Uilit firfimtud jrukfli dglak `hdglak pim`i`iram F9 Dashb padam larva sgri `h Uilit firfimtud jrukfli dglak dglak pim`i`iram F9 @hladudam `imnam 6 dalh Uimyumthdam hm`ud hdam pathm pimyumthdam `imnam carad wadtu 1 cak Afsim panh Zikhmar prgpgsal kabashswa kamacikim sukfir`aya pirahram HZGKA Lamcut sikhmar prgpgsal kabashswa kamacikim sukfir`aya pirahram Afsim Afsim `am dashb padam panh larva `h dglak pim`i`iram
@h au`htgrhuk FUFAP Cakfh
-
Dglak F9, `imnam pikfirham padam pilit jrukfli
??
58.55
6> 62
68
:5
:1
16.55 10.55 1?355 Zaftu, 12/56/651>/ 52355 Khmnnu, 18/56/651>/ Zimhm, 65/56/651>/ 52355 52355
Zilasa, 61/56/651> 52.55 ^hf 16.55 ^hf 10.55 ^hf
Vafu, 66/56/651> 52.55 ^hf !11.55 ^hf Dakhs 6:/56/651>
Zikhmar prgpgsal Kamacikim sukfir`aya pirahram HZGKA kimnumcumnh Uirpustadaam Afsim sgri Afsim panh
Cuk‘at,
-
LHFYV
-
Afsim panh `am apil panh
-
Lamcutam sikhmar bashl kanamn Fu`h`aya Uirahram Ymhvirshtas Vhau Zikhmar bashl kanamn Fu`h`aya Uirahram Ymhvirshtas Vhau HZGKA Lamcutam sikhmar bashl kanamn Fu`h`aya Uirahram Ymhvirshtas Vhau
Fuat prgpgsal `am pgwir pghmt umtud sikhmar bashl kanamn `h FUFAP Cakfh -
-
Lamcutam sikhmar bashl kanamn Fu`h`aya Uirahram Ymhvirshtas Vhau Uirshapam ajara pirphsabam `arh F@U YV Uamim fimhb
:6
:6
Uhmcak fudu
pulamn di pidamfaru
Bashl pamim `h `apat : uduram yahtu3 1-: jk :5% :-9 jk ?5% 9-2 jk 15% `imnam ZV >5% yahtu 15.955 idgr larva yamn `h pamim -
60/56/651>
Zih Nilak, 6: Oifruarh 651>
Kufhmum Z.Uh, K.Zh
?>
Lakphram ?. Alat `am Fabam yamn @hnumadam Zilaka Uradtid Uradtid Kanamn
Phkfamnam Amalhthd
Urgohl Urgcijtgr
Zpidtgogtgkitir
Naru dayu
Nayumn
Bapa
Ikfir sakplhmn larva
Pirkgkitir
Zijbh `hsd
Fgtgl sakpil
?2
Zirgd balus
Ikfir, Pamnnud `am sim`gd Dijhl
Ulasthd pajdhmn
Dapur tgbgr
Uupud grnamhd
Uilit tipumn
Uilit jrukfli
Uadam Uilit umtud hm`ud
?8
Lakphram > Dinhatam yamn @hladudam @hl adudam Zilaka Kanamn
Zirgd larva `h dglak pikhcabam
Uikfirham padam larva
Uimhkfamnam firat larva
Uimnduram pamcamn larva
Uimnirhmnam dglak
Uikfalhdam tamab `asar dglak
Uimnapuram
Uikupudam
>5
Uimnhsham ahr
Uimnuduram @G `am akgmhad
Uimnuduram pamcamn fimhb bashl pamim
Uimnakfhlam sakpil ahr
Uikamimam fimhb
Nra`hmn fimhb bashl pamim
