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K&H6"L*( CONCEPTO
La expresión del poder electoral que fija la orientación política del Estado, cuya función es la selección y nominación de las personas que han de ejercer el poder del Eº, como asimismo permitir la manifestación de la voluntad ciudadana ante plebiscito y referéndum (Nogueira) D° político en virtud del cual los ciudadanos concurren al gobierno del E°, eligiendo a los titulares o integrantes de órganos unipersonales o colegiados, o pronunciándose directamente sobre materias sometidas a su decisión o consulta. Su ejercicio se realiza individualmente por cada ciudadano, pero simultáneamente con los demás miembros del cuerpo electoral (Molina Guaita) 1. Personal: no puede delegarse , es personalísimo
CARACTERÍST. 15
Dº SUFRAGIO EXTRANJEROS 14
2. Igualitario: 1 ciudadano = 1 voto 3. Secreto: busca la independencia del votante, evitando cohecho e intimidación 4. Voluntario (20337): a los extranjeros con derecho a sufragio no se les impone la obligación de votar (es facultativo para ellos) 5. Universal: se concede a los chilenos que hayan cumplido 18 años de edad y que no tengan indignidad penal, se otorga incluso a analfabetos 6. Directo: el elector vota de un modo inmediato por alguno de los candidatos ocupar el cargo en disputa
Requisitos 1. Que esté avecindado por 5 años en el país: permanencia estable, pero no se exige ininterrumpida; se acredita con certificado otorgado por M del Interior 2. No ser condenado a pena aflictiva 3. Haber cumplido 18 años
SUSPENSIÓN Causales: DEL SUFRAGIO 1. Interdicción por demencia (amplio: enfermedad mental): debe declararla el juez por sentencia
16
2. Estar ACUSADO por delito que merezca pena aflictiva (= o mayor 3/1) o por delito terrorista (acá no se atiende a la pena señalada al delito, se atiende únicamente al tipo de delito) 3. Por haber sido sancionado por TC según art 19 nº 15 inc 7º: personas que hubieren tenido participación en los hechos que motivaron la declaración de inconstitucionalidad de partidos , movimientos u otras formas de asociación, que serán sancionados con las inhabilidades constitucionales señaladas en la misma disposición por el término de 5 a{os desde la resolución del TC, y sin perjuicio de las demás sanciones establecidas en Cp o ley (El dº sólo podrá recuperarse al cabo de 5 años dd la sentencia de TC, salvo caso de reincidencia, donde la sanción de suspensión de sufragio aumenta a 10 años)
SÓLO PODRÁ CONVOCARSE A VOTACIÓN POPULAR PARA LAS ELECCIONES Y PLEBISCITOS
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