XFEC <0
\fifrfm`ncs Gfknsgctnvcs
Gc pratf``nðm hf hctas. hcta s. \fkgcefmta \fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;> hfg Rcrgcefmta Furapfa y hfg @amsfoa hf <; hf clrng hf <239 rfgctnva c gc pratf``nðm hf gcs pfrsamcs iåsn`cs fm ga quf rfspf`tc cg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs y c gc gnlrf `nr`ugc`nðm hf fstas hctas y par fg quf sf hfrakc gc Hnrf`tnvc >6/89/@F (\fkgcefmta kfmfrcg hf pratf``nðm hf hctas)? Alofta, ãelnta tfrrntarncg, hfinmn`namfs. @amhn`namfs pcrc fg `amsfmtnenfmta. Xrctcenfmta Xrctcenfmta hf `ctfkaråcs fspf`ncgfs hf hctas pfrsamcgfs. Xrctcenfmta Xrctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs rfgctnvas c `amhfmcs f nmirc``namfs pfmcgfs. Hfrf`ja hf c``fsa hfg nmtfrfscha \fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;> hfg Rcrgcefmta Furapfa y hfg @amsfoa, hf <; hf clrng hf <239, rfgctnva c gc pratf``nðm hf gcs pfrsamcs iåsn`cs fm ga quf rfspf`tc cg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs y c gc gnlrf `nr`ugc`nðm hf fstas hctas y par fg quf sf hfrakc gc Hnrf`tnvc >6/89/@F (\fkgcefmta kfmfrcg hf pratf``nðm hf hctas) Gfy 0/<223, hf <: hf ecya, rfkugcharc hfg `amsfmtnenfmta nmiarecha y hf gc jnstarnc `gåmn`c hf gas pc`nfmtfs, eahnin`chc par Gfy 0/<226, hf ; hf ecrza
Aloftnvas
Cmcgnzcr fg \fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;> hfg Rcrgcefmta Furapfa y hfg @amsfoa, hf <; hf clrng hf <239 Fxcenmcr fm hftcggf gc Gfy 0/<223, hf <: hf ecya, rfkugcharc hfg `amsfmtnenfmta nmiarecha y hf gc jnstarnc `gåmn`c hf gas pc`nfmtfs hf Kcgn`nc
fhntarncg } `fp
3. G GC C R\A R\AXF@ XF@@NÐM @NÐM HF HCXA HCXAP. P. \FK \FKGCE GCEFMX FMXA A (VF ) <239/9;> HFG RC\GCEFMXA FV\ARFA ^ HFG @AMPFOA HF <; HF CL\NG HF <2 <239 \FGCXNYA \FGCXN YA C GC R\AXF@ R\A XF@@NÐM @NÐM HF GCP RF\PAMCP IÅPN@CP FM GA SVF \FPRF@XC CG X\CXCENFMXA X\CXCENFM XA HF HCXAP RF\PAMCGFP ^ C GC GNL\F @N\@VGC@NÐM @N\@V GC@NÐM HF FPXAP HCXAP ^ RA\ FG SVF PF HF\AKC GC HN\F@XNYC >6/89/@F (\FKGCEFMXA KFMF\CG HF R\AXF@@NÐM HF HCXAP )? ALOFXA, ÃELNXA XF\\NXA\NCG, HFINMN@NAMFP 3.3 Fstru`turc y `amtfmnha Fg \fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;> hfg Rcrgcefmta Furapfa y hfg @amsfoa, hf <; hf clrng hf <239, rfgctnva c gc pratf``nðm hf gcs pfrsamcs iåsn`cs fm ga quf rfspf`tc cg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs y c gc gnlrf `nr`ugc`nðm hf fstas hctas y par fg quf sf hfrakc gc Hnrf`tnvc >6/89/@F (\fkgcefmta kfmfrcg hf pratf``nðm hf hctas) `amtnfmf >> crtå`ugas, hnvnhnhas fm am`f `cpåtugas. Pu fstru`turc fs gc snkunfmtf?
\FKGCEFMXA (VF) <239/9;>, HF <; HF CL\NG
@CRÅXVGA N. Hnspasn`namfs kfmfrcgfs @CRÅXVGA NN. Rrnm`npnas @CRÅXVGA NNN. Hfrf`jas hfg nmtfrfscha @CRÅXVGA NY. \fspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta y fm`crkcha hfg trctcenfmta @CRÅXVGA Y. Xrcmsifrfm`ncs hf hctas pfrsamcgfs c tfr`fras pcåsfs u arkcmnzc`namfs nmtfrmc`namcgfs @CRÅXVGA YN. Cutarnhchfs hf `amtrag nmhfpfmhnfmtfs @CRÅXVGA YNN. @aapfrc`nðm y `ajfrfm`nc @CRÅXVGA YNNN. \f`ursas, rfspamsclngnhch y scm`namfs @CRÅXVGA NZ. Hnspasn`namfs rfgctnvcs c sntuc`namfs fspf`åin`cs hf trctcenfmta @CRÅXVGA Z. C`tas hfgfkchas y c`tas hf fof`u`nðm @CRÅXVGA ZN. Hnspasn`namfs inmcgfs
<2<
Xfec <0
fhntarncg } `fp
3.< Hnspasn`namfs kfmfrcgfs C. Alofta Fg \fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;> hfg Rcrgcefmta Furapfa y hfg @amsfoa, hf <; hf clrng hf <239 fstclgf`f gcs marecs rfgctnvcs c gc pratf``nðm hf gcs pfrsamcs iåsn`cs fm ga quf rfspf`tc cg trctcenfmta hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs y gcs marecs rfgctnvcs c gc gnlrf `nr`ugc`nðm hf tcgfs hctas. Fg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta pratfkf gas hfrf`jas y gnlfrtchfs iumhcefmtcgfs hf gcs pfrsamcs iåsn`cs y, fm pcrtn`ugcr, su hfrf`ja c gc pratf``nðm hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs. Gc gnlrf `nr`ugc`nðm hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs fm gc Vmnðm ma pahrã sfr rfstrnmknhc mn prajnlnhc par eatnvas rfgc`namchas `am gc pratf``nðm hf gcs pfrsamcs iåsn`cs fm ga quf rfspf`tc cg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs.
L. Ãelnta hf cpgn`c`nðm ectfrncg Fg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta sf cpgn`c cg trctcenfmta tatcg a pcr`ncgefmtf cutaectnzcha hf hctas pfrsamcgfs, cså `aea cg trctcenfmta ma cutaectnzcha hf hctas pfrsamcgfs `amtfmnhas a hfstnmchas c sfr nm`gunhas fm um in`jfra. Fg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta ma sf cpgn`c cg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs? c) fm fg fofr`n`na hf umc c`tnvnhch ma `aeprfmhnhc fm fg ãelnta hf cpgn`c`nðm hfg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm4 l) par pcrtf hf gas Fstchas enfelras enfelras `ucmha ggfvfm c `cla c`tnvnhchfs `aeprfmhnhcs fm fg ãelnta hf cpgn`c`nðm hfg `cpåtuga < hfg tåtuga Y hfg XVF4 `) fif`tucha par umc pfrsamc iåsn`c fm fg fofr`n`na hf c`tnvnhchfs fx`gusnvcefmtf pfrsamcgfs pfrsamcgfs a haeîstn`cs4 h) par pcrtf hf gcs cutarnhchfs `aepftfmtfs `aepftfmtfs `am inmfs hf prfvfm`nðm, nmvfstnkc`nðm, hftf``nðm a fmoun`ncenfmta hf nmirc``namfs pfmcgfs, a hf fof`u`nðm hf scm`namfs pfmcgfs, nm`gunhc gc hf pratf``nðm irfmtf c cefmczcs c gc sfkurnhch pÿlgn`c y su prfvfm`nðm. p rfvfm`nðm. Fg \fkgcefmta (@F) m.¿ 86/<223 fs hf cpgn`c`nðm cg trctcenfmta hf hctas hf `crã`tfr pfrsamcg par pcrtf hf gcs nmstntu`namfs, ðrkcmas y arkcmnseas hf gc Vmnðm. Fg \fkgcefmta (@F) m.¿ 86/<223 y atras c`tas ouråhn`as hf gc Vmnðm cpgn`clgfs c hn`ja trctcenfmta hf hctas hf `crã`tfr pfrsamcg sf chcptcrãm c gas prnm`npnas y marecs hfg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta hf `amiarenhch `am su crtå`uga >:. Fg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta sf fmtfmhfrã snm pfroun`na hf gc cpgn`c`nðm hf gc Hnrf`tnvc <222/03/@F, fm pcrtn`ugcr sus marecs rfgctnvcs c gc rfspamsclngnhch hf gas prfstcharfs hf sfrvn`nas nmtfrefhncrnas fstclgf`nhcs fm sus crtå`ugas 3< c 36.
\fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;>, hf <; hf clrng
Fg \fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;> hfg Rcrgcefmta Furapfa y hfg @amsfoa, hf <; hf clrng hf <239 sf cpgn`c cg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs par pcrtf hf um rfspamsclgf quf ma fstî fstclgf`nha fm gc Vmnðm snma fm um gukcr fm quf fg Hfrf`ja hf gas Fstchas enfelras sfc hf cpgn`c`nðm fm vnrtuh hfg Hfrf`ja nmtfrmc`namcg pÿlgn`a.
<20
fhntarncg } `fp
@. Ãelnta tfrrntarncg Fg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta sf cpgn`c cg trctcenfmta hf hctas p frsamcgfs fm fg `amtfxta hf gcs c`tnvnhchfs hf um fstclgf`nenfmta hfg rfspamsclgf a hfg fm`crkcha fm gc Vmnðm, nmhfpfmhnfmtfefmtf hf quf fg trctcenfmta tfmkc gukcr fm gc Vmnðm a ma. Fg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta sf cpgn`c cg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs hf nmtfrfschas quf rfsnhcm fm gc Vmnðm par pcrtf hf um rfspamsclgf a fm`crkcha ma fstclgf`nha fm gc Vmnðm, `ucmha gcs c`tnvnhchfs hf trctcenfmta fstîm rfgc`namchcs `am? c) gc aifrtc hf lnfmfs a sfrvn`nas sfrvn`nas c hn`jas nmtfrfschas nmtfrfschas fm gc Vmnðm, nmhfpfmhnfmtfefmtf hf sn c fstas sf gfs rfqunfrf su pcka, a l) fg `amtrag hf su `aepartcenfmta, `aepartcenfmta, fm gc efhnhc efhnhc fm quf fstf tfmkc gukcr fm gc Vmnðm.
H. Hfinmn` Hfinmn`namfs namfs C fif`tas hfg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta sf fmtfmhfrã par? 3) «hctas pfrsamcgfs´? tahc nmiarec`nðm salrf salrf umc pfrsamc iåsn`c nhfmtnin`chc a nhfmtnin`clgf («fg nmtfrfscha´)4 sf `amsnhfrcrã pfrsamc iåsn`c nhfmtnin`clgf tahc pfrsamc `uyc nhfmtnhch pufhc hftfrenmcrsf, hnrf`tc a nmhnrf`tcefmtf, fm pcrtn`ugcr efhncmtf um nhfmtnin`char, `aea par fofepga um maelrf, um mÿefra hf nhfmtnin`c`nðm, hctas hf ga`cgnzc`nðm, um nhfmtnin`char fm gåmfc a uma a vcrnas fgfefmtas prapnas hf gc nhfmtnhch iåsn`c, insnagðkn`c, kfmîtn`c, psåqun`c, f`amðen`c, `ugturcg a sa`ncg hf hn`jc pfrsamc4 <) «trctcenfmta´? `ucgqunfr apfrc`nðm apfrc`nðm a `amoumta hf apfrc`namfs rfcgnzchcs rfcgnzchcs salrf hctas pfrsamcgfs a `amoumtas hf hctas pfrsamcgfs, yc sfc par pra`fhnenfmtas cutaectnzchas a ma, `aea gc rf`aknhc, rfknstra, arkcmnzc`nðm, fstru`turc`nðm, `amsfrvc`nðm, chcptc`nðm a eahnin`c`nðm, fxtrc``nðm, `amsugtc, utngnzc`nðm, `aeumn`c`nðm par trcmsensnðm, hniusnðm a `ucgqunfr atrc iarec hf jclngntc`nðm hf c``fsa, `atfoa a nmtfr`amfxnðm, gnentc`nðm, suprfsnðm a hfstru``nðm4 0) «gnentc`nðm hfg trctcenfmta´? fg ecr`cha hf gas hctas hf `crã`tfr `crã`tfr pfrsamcg `amsfrvchas `amsfrvchas `am fg inm hf gnentcr su trctcenfmta fm fg iutura4 8) «fgclarc`nðm hf pfringfs´? tahc iarec hf trctcenfmta cutaectnzcha cutaectnzcha hf hctas pfrsamcgfs `amsnstfmtf fm utngnzcr hctas pfrsamcgfs pcrc fvcgucr hftfrenmchas cspf`tas pfrsamcgfs hf umc pfrsamc iåsn`c, fm pcrtn`ugcr pcrc cmcgnzcr a prfhf`nr cspf`tas rfgctnvas cg rfmhnenfmta praifsnamcg, sntuc`nðm f`amðen`c, scguh, prfifrfm`ncs pfrsamcgfs, nmtfrfsfs, inclngnhch, `aepartcenfmta, uln`c`nðm a eavnenfmtas hf hn`jc pfrsamc iåsn`c4 6) «sfuhamnenzc`nðm´? «sfuhamnenzc`nðm´ ? fg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs hf ecmfrc tcg quf yc ma pufhcm ctrnlunrsf c um nmtfrfscha snm utngnzcr nmiarec`nðm chn`namcg, snfeprf quf hn`jc nmiarec`nðm chn`namcg inkurf par sfpcrcha y fstî suoftc c efhnhcs tî`mn`cs y arkcmnzctnvcs hfstnmchcs c kcrcmtnzcr quf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs ma sf ctrnluycm c umc pfrsamc iåsn`c nhfmtnin`chc a nhfmtnin`clgf4 9) «in`jfra´? taha `amoumta fstru`turcha fstru`turcha hf hctas pfrsamcgfs, pfrsamcgfs, c``fsnlgfs `am crrfkga c `rntfrnas `rntfrnas hftfrenmchas, yc sfc `fmtrcgnzcha, hfs`fmtrcgnzcha a rfpcrtnha hf iarec ium`namcg a kfakrãin`c4 ;) «rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta´ trctcenfmta´ a «rfspamsclgf´? gc pfrsamc iåsn`c a ouråhn`c, cutarnhch pÿlgn`c, sfrvn`na u atra arkcmnsea quf, saga a oumta `am atras, hftfrenmf gas inmfs y efhnas hfg trctcenfmta4 sn fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras hftfrenmc gas inmfs y
<28
Xfec <0
fhntarncg } `fp
efhnas hfg trctcenfmta, fg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta a gas `rntfrnas fspf`åin`as fspf`åin`as pcrc su maelrcenfmta pahrã fstclgf`frgas fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras4 :) «fm`crkcha hfg trctcenfmta´ trctcenfmta´ a «fm`crkcha´? «fm`crkcha´? gc pfrsamc iåsn`c a ouråhn`c, ouråhn`c, cutarnhch pÿlgn`c, sfrvn`na u atra arkcmnsea quf trctf hctas pfrsamcgfs par `ufmtc hfg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta4 >) «hfstnmctcrna´? gc pfrsamc iåsn`c a ouråhn`c, cutarnhch pÿlgn`c, sfrvn`na u atra arkcmnsea arkcmnsea cg quf sf `aeumnqufm hctas pfrsamcgfs, sf trctf a ma hf um tfr`fra. Ma alstcmtf, ma sf `amsnhfrcrãm hfstnmctcrnas gcs cutarnhchfs pÿlgn`cs quf pufhcm rf`nlnr hctas pfrsamcgfs fm fg ecr`a hf umc nmvfstnkc`nðm `am`rftc hf `amiarenhch `am fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras4 fg trctcenfmta hf tcgfs hctas par hn`jcs cutarnhchfs pÿlgn`cs sfrã `amiaref `am gcs marecs fm ectfrnc hf pratf``nðm hf hctas cpgn`clgfs c gas inmfs hfg trctcenfmta4 32) «tfr`fra´? pfrsamc iåsn`c a ouråhn`c, cutarnhch pÿlgn`c, sfrvn`na u arkcmnsea hnstnmta hfg nmtfrfscha, n mtfrfscha, hfg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta, hfg fm`crkcha hfg trctcenfmta y hf gcs pfrsamcs cutarnzchcs pcrc trctcr gas hctas pfrsamcgfs lcoa gc cutarnhch hnrf`tc hfg rfspamsclgf a hfg fm`crkcha4 33) «`amsfmtnenfmta hfg nmtfrfscha´? tahc ecmnifstc`nðm ecm nifstc`nðm hf vagumtch vagum tch gnlrf, fspf`åin`c, nmiarechc f nmfquåva`c par gc quf fg nmtfrfscha c`fptc, yc sfc efhncmtf umc hf`gcrc`nðm a umc `gcrc c``nðm cinrectnvc, fg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs quf gf `am`nfrmfm4 3<) «vnagc`nðm hf gc sfkurnhch hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs´? tahc vnagc`nðm hf gc sfkurnhch quf a`csnamf gc hfstru``nðm, pîrhnhc a cgtfrc`nðm c``nhfmtcg a ngå`ntc hf hctas pfrsamcgfs trcmsentnhas, `amsfrvchas a trctchas hf atrc iarec, a gc `aeumn`c`nðm a c``fsa ma cutarnzchas c hn`jas hctas4 30) «hctas kfmîtn`as´? hctas pfrsamcgfs rfgctnvas c gcs `crc`tfråstn`cs kfmîtn`cs jfrfhchcs a chqunrnhcs hf umc pfrsamc iåsn`c quf prapar`namfm umc nmiarec`nðm ÿmn`c salrf gc insnagakåc a gc scguh hf fsc pfrsamc, altfmnhas fm pcrtn`ugcr hfg cmãgnsns hf umc eufstrc lnagðkn`c hf tcg pfrsamc4 38) «hctas lnaeîtrn`as´? hctas hc tas pfrsamcgfs altfmnhas c pcrtnr hf um trctcenfmta tî`mn`a fspf`åin`a, rfgctnvas c gcs `crc`tfråstn`cs iåsn`cs, insnagðkn`cs a `amhu`tucgfs hf umc pfrsamc iåsn`c quf pfrentcm a `aminrefm gc nhfmtnin`c`nðm ÿmn`c hf hn`jc pfrsamc, `aea neãkfmfs ic`ncgfs a hctas hc`tngas`ðpn`as4 36) «hctas rfgctnvas c gc scguh´? hctas pfrsamcgfs rfgctnvas c gc scguh iåsn`c a efmtcg hf umc pfrsamc iåsn`c, nm`gunhc gc prfstc`nðm hf sfrvn`nas hf ctfm`nðm scmntcrnc, quf rfvfgfm nmiarec`nðm salrf su fstcha hf scguh4 39) «fstclgf`nenfmta «fstclgf`nenfmta prnm`npcg´? c) fm ga quf sf rfinfrf c um rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta `am fstclgf`nenfmtas fm eãs hf um Fstcha enfelra, fg gukcr hf su chenmnstrc`nðm `fmtrcg fm gc Vmnðm, scgva quf gcs hf`nsnamfs salrf gas inmfs y gas efhnas hfg trctcenfmta sf taefm fm atra fstclgf`nenfmta hfg rfspamsclgf fm gc Vmnðm y fstf ÿgtnea fstclgf`nenfmta tfmkc fg pahfr hf jc`fr cpgn`cr tcgfs hf`nsnamfs, fm `uya `csa fg fstclgf`nenfmta quf jcyc chaptcha tcgfs hf`nsnamfs sf `amsnhfrcrã fstclgf`nenfmta prnm`npcg4 l) fm ga quf sf rfinfrf c um fm`crkcha hfg trctcenfmta `am `am fstclgf`nenfmtas fm fm eãs hf um Fstcha enfelra, fg gukcr hf su chenmnstrc`nðm `fmtrcg fm gc Vmnðm a, sn `crf`nfrc hf fstc, fg fstclgf`nenfmta hfg fm`crkcha fm gc Vmnðm fm fg quf sf rfcgn`fm gcs prnm`npcgfs c`tnvnhchfs hf trctcenfmta fm fg `amtfxta hf gcs c`tnvnhchfs hf um fstclgf`nenfmta hfg fm`crkcha fm gc efhnhc fm quf fg fm`crkcha fstî suofta c algnkc`namfs fspf`åin`cs `am crrfkga cg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta4 3;) «rfprfsfmtcmtf´? pfrsamc iåsn`c a ou råhn`c fstclgf`nhc fm gc Vmnðm quf, jclnfmha snha hfsnkmchc par fs`rnta par fg rfspamsclgf a fg fm`crkcha hfg trctcenfmta `am crrfkga cg crtå`uga <;, rfprf-
\fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;>, hf <; hf clrng
<26
fhntarncg } `fp
sfmtf cg rfspamsclgf a cg fm`crkcha fm ga quf rfspf`tc c sus rfspf`tnvcs algnkc`namfs fm vnrtuh hfg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta4 3:) «feprfsc´? pfrsamc iåsn`c iåsn `c a ouråhn`c hfhn`chc h fhn`chc c umc um c c`tnvnhch f`amðen`c, f`am ðen`c, nmhfpfmhnfmtfnmhfpfmhn fmtfefmtf hf su iarec ouråhn`c, nm`gunhcs gcs sa`nfhchfs a csa`nc`namfs quf hfsfepfófm rfkugcrefmtf umc c`tnvnhch f`amðen`c4 3>) «krupa feprfscrncg´? krupa `amstntunha par umc feprfsc quf fofr`f fg `amtrag y sus feprfscs `amtragchcs4 <2) «marecs `arparctnvcs vnm`ugcmtfs´? gcs pagåtn`cs hf pratf``nðm hf hctas pfrsamcgfs csuenhcs par um rfspamsclgf a fm`crkcha hfg trctcenfmta fstclgf`nha fm fg tfrrntarna hf um Fstcha enfelra pcrc trcmsifrfm`ncs a um `amoumta hf trcmsifrfm`ncs hf hctas pfrsamcgfs c um rfspamsclgf a fm`crkcha fm uma a eãs pcåsfs tfr`fras, hfmtra hf um krupa feprfscrncg a umc umnðm hf feprfscs hfhn`chcs c umc c`tnvnhch f`amðen`c `amoumtc4 <3) «cutarnhch hf `amtrag´? gc cutarnhch cu tarnhch pÿlgn`c nmhfpfmhnfmtf fstclgf`nhc par u m Fstcha enfelra `am crrfkga c ga hnspufsta fm fg crtå`uga 634 <<) «cutarnhch hf `amtrag nmtfrfschc´? gc cutarnhch hf `amtrag c gc quf cif`tc fg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs hflnha c quf? c) fg rfspamsclgf a fg fm`crkcha hfg hfg trctcenfmta fstã fstclgf`nha fstclgf`nha fm fg tfrrntarna hfg Fstcha Fstcha enfelra hf fsc cutarnhch hf `amtrag4 l) gas nmtfrfschas quf rfsnhfm fm fg Fstcha enfelra hf fsc cutarnhch hf `amtrag sf vfm sustcm`ncgefmtf cif`tchas a fs pralclgf quf sf vfcm sustcm`ncgefmtf cif`tchas par fg trctcenfmta, a `) sf jc prfsfmtcha prfsfmtcha umc rf`gcec`nðm rf`gcec`nðm cmtf fsc cutarnhch hf `amtrag4 `amtrag4 <0) «trctcenfmta trcmsiramtfrnza trcmsiramtfrnza´? ´? c) fg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs rfcgnzcha fm fg `amtfxta `amtfxta hf gcs c`tnvnhchfs hf fstclgf`nenfmtas fm eãs hf um Fstcha enfelra hf um rfspamsclgf a um fm`crkcha hfg trctcenfmta fm gc Vmnðm, sn fg rfspamsclgf a fg fm`crkcha fstã fstclgf`nha fm eãs hf um Fstcha enfelra, a l) fg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs pfrsamcgfs rfcgnzcha fm fg `amtfxta `amtfxta hf gcs c`tnvnhchfs hf um ÿmn`a fstclgf`nenfmta hf um rfspamsclgf a um fm`crkcha hfg trctcenfmta fm gc Vmnðm, pfra quf cif`tc sustcm`ncgefmtf a fs pralclgf quf cif`tf sustcm`ncgefmtf c nmtfrfschas fm eãs hf um Fstcha enfelra4 <8) «alof`nðm pfrtnmfmtf y eatnvchc´? gc alof`nðm c umc prapufstc hf hf`nsnðm salrf gc fxnstfm`nc a ma hf nmirc``nðm hfg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta, a salrf gc `amiarenhch `am fg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta hf c``namfs prfvnstcs fm rfgc`nðm `am fg rfspamsclgf a fg fm`crkcha hfg trctcenfmta, quf hfeufstrf `gcrcefmtf gc nepartcm`nc hf gas rnfskas quf fmtrcóc fg prayf`ta hf hf`nsnðm pcrc gas hfrf`jas y gnlfrtchfs iumhcefmtcgfs hf gas nmtfrfschas y, fm su `csa, pcrc gc gnlrf `nr`ugc`nðm hf hctas pfrsamcgfs hfmtra hf gc Vmnðm4 <6) «sfrvn`na hf gc sa`nfhch hf gc nmiarec`nðm´? taha sfrvn`na `amiaref c gc hfinmn`nðm hfg crtå`uga 3, cpcrtcha 3, gftrc l), hf gc Hnrf`tnvc (VF) <236/3606 hfg Rcrgcefmta Furapfa y hfg @amsfoa4 <9) «arkcmnzc`nðm nmtfrmc`namcg´? umc arkcmnzc`nðm nmtfrmc`namcg y sus fmtfs sularhnmchas hf Hfrf`ja nmtfrmc`namcg pÿlgn`a a `ucgqunfr atra arkcmnsea `rfcha efhncmtf um c`ufrha fmtrf has a eãs pcåsfs a fm vnrtuh hf tcg c`ufrha.
<29
Xfec <0
fhntarncg } `fp
3.0 Rrnm`npnas C. Rrnm`npnas rfgctnvas cg trctcenfmta Gas hctas pfrsamcgfs sfrãm? c) trctchas hf ecmfrc ecmfrc gå`ntc, gfcg y trcmspcrfmtf trcmspcrfmtf fm rfgc`nðm `am fg nmtfrfscha nmtfrfscha («gn`ntuh, gfcgtch y trcmstrcmspcrfm`nc´)4 l) rf`aknhas `am inmfs hftfrenmchas, fxpgå`ntas y gfkåtneas, y ma sfrãm trctchas ugtfrnarefmtf hf ecmfrc nm`aepctnlgf `am hn`jas inmfs4 hf c`ufrha `am fg crtå`uga :>, cpcrtcha 3, fg trctcenfmta ugtfrnar hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs `am inmfs hf cr`jnva fm nmtfrîs pÿlgn`a, inmfs hf nmvfstnkc`nðm `nfmtåin`c f jnstðrn`c a inmfs fstchåstn`as ma sf `amsnhfrcrã nm`aepctnlgf `am gas inmfs nmn`ncgfs («gnentc`nðm hf gc inmcgnhch´)4 `) chf`uchas, pfrtnmfmtfs pfrtnmfmtfs y gnentchas c ga mf`fscrna mf`fscrna fm rfgc`nðm rfgc`nðm `am gas inmfs pcrc gas gas quf sam trctchas («enmnenzc`nðm hf hctas´)4 h) fxc`tas y, sn iufrc mf`fscrna, mf`fscrna, c`tucgnzchas4 sf chaptcrãm tahcs gcs efhnhcs rczamclgfs pcrc quf sf suprnecm a rf`tninqufm snm hngc`nðm gas hctas pfrsamcgfs quf sfcm nmfxc`tas `am rfspf`ta c gas inmfs pcrc gas quf sf trctcm («fxc`tntuh´)4 f) ecmtfmnhas hf iarec quf sf pfrentc pfrentc gc nhfmtnin`c`nðm hf gas nmtfrfschas hurcmtf ma eãs tnfepa hfg mf`fscrna pcrc gas inmfs hfg trctcenfmta hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs4 gas hctas pfrsamcgfs pahrãm `amsfrvcrsf hurcmtf pfråahas eãs gcrkas snfeprf quf sf trctfm fx`gusnvcefmtf `am inmfs hf cr`jnva fm nmtfrîs pÿlgn`a, inmfs hf nmvfstnkc`nðm `nfmtåin`c a jnstðrn`c a inmfs fstchåstn`as, hf `amiarenhch `am fg crtå`uga :>, cpcrtcha 3, snm pfroun`na hf gc cpgn`c`nðm hf gcs efhnhcs tî`mn`cs y arkcmnzctnvcs cprapnchcs quf nepamf fg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta c inm hf pratfkfr gas hfrf`jas y gnlfrtchfs hfg nmtfrfscha («gnentc`nðm hfg pgcza hf `amsfrvc`nðm´)4 i) trctchas hf tcg tcg ecmfrc quf sf kcrcmtn`f kcrcmtn`f umc sfkurnhch chf`uchc chf`uchc hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs, nm`gunhc nm`gunhc gc pratf``nðm `amtrc fg trctcenfmta ma cutarnzcha a ngå`nta y `amtrc su pîrhnhc, hfstru``nðm a hcóa c``nhfmtcg, efhncmtf gc cpgn`c`nðm hf efhnhcs tî`mn`cs u arkcmnzctnvcs cprapnchcs («nmtfkrnhch y `aminhfm`ncgnhch´). Fg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta sfrã rfspamsclgf hfg `uepgnenfmta hf ga hnspufsta cmtfrnarefmtf y `cpcz hf hfeastrcrga («rfspamsclngnhch prac`tnvc´).
L. Gn`ntuh hfg trctcenfmta Fg trctcenfmta saga sfrã gå`nta sn sf `uepgf cg efmas umc hf gcs snkunfmtfs `amhn`namfs? c) fg nmtfrfscha hna su su `amsfmtnenfmta pcrc fg fg trctcenfmta hf sus hctas hctas pfrsamcgfs pcrc uma a vcrnas vcrnas inmfs fspf`åin`as4 l) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna mf`fscrna pcrc gc fof`u`nðm hf um `amtrcta fm fg quf fg nmtfrfscha fs pcrtf a pcrc gc cpgn`c`nðm c pftn`nðm hf fstf hf efhnhcs prf`amtrc`tucgfs4 `) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna pcrc fg `uepgnenfmta hf umc algnkc`nðm gfkcg cpgn`clgf cg rfspamsclgf rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta4 h) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna mf`fscrna pcrc pratfkfr nmtfrfsfs nmtfrfsfs vntcgfs hfg nmtfrfscha a hf atrc pfrsamc pfrsamc iåsn`c4
\fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;>, hf <; hf clrng
<2;
fhntarncg } `fp
f) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna mf`fscrna pcrc fg `uepgnenfmta hf umc ensnðm rfcgnzchc fm fm nmtfrîs pÿlgn`a a fm fg fofr`n`na hf pahfrfs pÿlgn`as `amifrnhas cg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta4 i) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna pcrc gc sctnsic``nðm hf nmtfrfsfs gfkåtneas pfrsfkunhas par fg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta a par um tfr`fra, snfeprf quf salrf hn`jas nmtfrfsfs ma prfvcgfz`cm gas nmtfrfsfs a gas hfrf`jas y gnlfrtchfs iumhcefmtcgfs hfg nmtfrfscha quf rfqunfrcm gc pratf``nðm hf hctas pfrsamcgfs, fm pcrtn`ugcr `ucmha fg nmtfrfscha sfc um mnóa (ga hnspufsta fm gc gftrc i) ma sfrã hf cpgn`c`nðm cg trctcenfmta rfcgnzcha par gcs cutarnhchfs pÿlgn`cs fm fg fofr`n`na hf sus ium`namfs). Gas Fstchas enfelras pahrãm ecmtfmfr a nmtrahu`nr hnspasn`namfs eãs fspf`åin`cs c inm hf chcptcr gc cpgn`c`nðm hf gcs marecs hfg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta `am rfspf`ta cg trctcenfmta fm `uepgnenfmta hf ga hnspufsta fm gcs gftrcs `) y f), inocmha hf ecmfrc eãs prf`nsc rfqunsntas fspf`åin`as hf trctcenfmta y atrcs efhnhcs quf kcrcmtn`fm um trctcenfmta gå`nta y fquntctnva, `am nm`gusnðm hf atrcs sntuc`namfs fspf`åin`cs hf trctcenfmta c tfmar hfg `cpåtuga NZ (Hnspasn`namfs rfgctnvcs c sntuc`namfs fspf`åin`cs hf trctcenfmta). Gc lcsf hfg trctcenfmta nmhn`cha fm gcs gftrcs `) y f) cmtfrnarfs, hflfrã sfr fstclgf`nhc par? c) fg Hfrf`ja Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm, a l) fg Hfrf`ja hf gas Fstchas enfelras quf sf cpgnquf cg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta. Gc inmcgnhch hfg trctcenfmta hflfrã qufhcr hftfrenmchc fm hn`jc lcsf ouråhn`c a, fm ga rfgctnva cg trctcenfmta c quf sf rfinfrf gc gftrc f), sfrã mf`fscrnc pcrc fg `uepgnenfmta hf umc ensnðm rfcgnzchc fm nmtfrîs pÿlgn`a a fm fg fofr`n`na hf pahfrfs pÿlgn`as `amifrnhas cg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta. Hn`jc lcsf ouråhn`c pahrã `amtfmfr hnspasn`namfs fspf`åin`cs pcrc chcptcr gc cpg n`c`nðm hf marecs hfg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta, \fkgcefmta, fmtrf atrcs? gcs `amhn`namfs kfmfrcgfs quf rnkfm gc gn`ntuh hfg trctcenfmta par pcrtf hfg rfspamsclgf4 gas tnpas hf hctas alofta hf trctcenfmta4 gas nmtfrfschas cif`tchas4 gcs fmtnhchfs c gcs quf sf pufhfm `aeumn`cr hctas pfrsamcgfs y gas inmfs hf tcg `aeumn`c`nðm4 gc gnentc`nðm hf gc inmcgnhch4 gas pgczas hf `amsfrvc`nðm hf gas hctas, cså `aea gcs apfrc`namfs y gas pra`fhnenfmtas hfg trctcenfmta, nm`gunhcs gcs efhnhcs pcrc kcrcmtnzcr um trctcenfmta gå`nta y fquntctnva, `aea gcs rfgctnvcs c atrcs sntuc`namfs fspf`åin`cs fspf`åin`cs hf trctcenfmta c tfmar hfg `cpåtuga NZ. Fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras `uepgnrã um aloftnva hf nmtfrîs pÿlgn`a y sfrã prapar`namcg cg inm gfkåtnea pfrsfkunha. @ucmha fg trctcenfmta pcrc atra inm hnstnmta h f cqufg pcrc fg quf sf rf`aknfram gas hctas pfrsamcgfs ma fstî lcscha fm fg `amsfmtnenfmta hfg nmtfrfscha a fm fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras quf `amstntuyc umc efhnhc mf`fscrnc y prapar`namcg fm umc sa`nfhch hfea`rãtn`c pcrc scgvckucrhcr gas aloftnvas nmhn`chas fm fg crtå`uga <0, cpcrtcha 3, fg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta, `am alofta hf hftfrenmcr sn fg trctcenfmta `am atra inm fs `aepctnlgf `am fg inm pcrc fg `ucg sf rf`aknfram nmn`ncgefmtf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs, tfmhrã fm `ufmtc, fmtrf atrcs `ascs? c) `ucgqunfr rfgc`nðm fmtrf gas inmfs pcrc gas `ucgfs `ucgfs sf jcycm rf`aknha gas hctas pfrsamcgfs pfrsamcgfs y gas inmfs hfg trctcenfmta ugtfrnar prfvnsta4 l) fg `amtfxta fm quf sf jcycm rf`aknha gas hctas pfrsamcgfs, pfrsamcgfs, fm pcrtn`ugcr par ga quf rfspf`tc rfspf`tc c gc rfgc`nðm fmtrf gas nmtfrfschas y fg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta4 `) gc mcturcgfzc hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs, pfrsamcgfs, fm `am`rfta `ucmha `ucmha sf trctfm `ctfkaråcs `ctfkaråcs fspf`ncgfs hf hctas pfrsamcgfs, hf `amiarenhch `am fg crtå`uga >, a hctas pfrsamcgfs rfgctnvas c `amhfmcs f nmirc``namfs pfmcgfs, hf `amiarenhch `am fg crtå`uga 324 h) gcs pasnlgfs `amsf`ufm`ncs `amsf`ufm`ncs pcrc gas nmtfrfschas nmtfrfschas hfg trctcenfmta ugtfrnar prfvnsta4 f) gc fxnstfm`nc hf kcrcmtåcs kcrcmtåcs chf`uchcs, quf pahrãm nm`gunr fg fg `nircha a gc sfuhamnenzc`nðm.
<2:
Xfec <0
fhntarncg } `fp
<. @AMHN@NAMFP @AMH N@NAMFP RC\C FG @AMPFMXN @AMPFMXNENFMXA ENFMXA @ucmha fg trctcenfmta sf lcsf fm fg `amsfmtnenfmta hfg nmtfrfscha, fg rfspamsclgf hflfrã sfr `cpcz hf hfeastrcr quf cqufg `amsnmtnð fg trctcenfmta hf sus hctas pfrsamcgfs. Pn fg `amsfmtnenfmta hfg nmtfrfscha sf hc fm fg `amtfxta hf umc hf`gcrc`nðm fs`rntc quf tcelnîm sf rfinfrc c atras csumtas, gc sagn`ntuh hf `amsfmtnenfmta sf prfsfmtcrã hf tcg iarec quf sf hnstnmkc `gcrcefmtf hf gas hfeãs csumtas, hf iarec n mtfgnknlgf y hf iã`ng c``fsa y utngnzcmha um gfmkucof `gcra y sfm`ngga. Ma sfrã vnm`ugcmtf mnmkumc pcrtf hf gc hf`gcrc`nðm quf `amstntuyc nmirc``nðm hfg prfsfmtf \fkgcefmta. Fg nmtfrfscha tfmhrã hfrf`ja c rftnrcr su `amsfmtnenfmta fm `ucgqunfr eaefmta. Gc rftnrchc hfg `amsfmtnenfmta ma cif`tcrã c gc gn`ntuh hfg trctcenfmta lcschc fm fg `amsfmtnenfmta prfvna c su rftnrchc. Cmtfs hf hcr su `amsfmtnenfmta, fg nmtfrfscha sfrã nmiarecha hf fgga. Pfrã tcm iã`ng rftnrcr fg `amsfmtnenfmta `aea hcrga. Cg fvcgucr sn fg `amsfmtnenfmta sf jc hcha gnlrfefmtf, sf tfmhrã fm `ufmtc fm gc ecyar efhnhc pasnlgf fg jf`ja hf sn, fmtrf atrcs `ascs, gc fof`u`nðm hf um `amtrcta, nm`gunhc gc prfstc`nðm hf um sfrvn`na, sf supfhntc cg `amsfmtnenfmta cg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs quf ma sam mf`fscrnas pcrc gc fof`u`nðm hf hn`ja `amtrcta. @ucmha sf cpgnquf fg crtå`uga 9, cpcrtcha 3, gftrc c), fm rfgc`nðm `am gc aifrtc hnrf`tc c mnóas hf sfrvn`nas hf gc sa`nfhch hf gc nmiarec`nðm, fg trctcenfmta hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs hf um mnóa sf `amsnhfrcrã gå`nta `ucmha tfmkc `aea eåmnea 39 cóas. Pn fg mnóa fs efmar hf 39 cóas, tcg trctcenfmta ÿmn`cefmtf sf `amsnhfrcrã gå`nta sn fg `amsfmtnenfmta ga hna a cutarnzð fg tntugcr hf gc pctrnc patfstch a tutfgc salrf fg mnóa, y saga fm gc efhnhc fm quf sf hna a cutarnzð.
\FKGCEFMXA (VF) <239/9;> HFG RC\GCEFMXA FV\ARFA ^ HFG @AMPFOA, HF <; HF CL\NG HF <239 Crtå`uga 9 Gn`ntuh hfg trctcenfmta
3. Fg trctcenfmta saga sfrã gå`nta sn sf `uepgf cg efmas umc hf gcs snkunfmtfs `amhn`namfs? c) fg nmtfrfscha hna su `amsfmtnenfmta pcrc fg trctcenfmta hf sus hctas pfrsamcgfs pcrc uma a vcrnas inmfs fspf`åin`as. T...U Gas Fstchas enfelras pahrãm fstclgf`fr par gfy umc fhch nmifrnar c tcgfs inmfs, snfeprf quf fstc ma sfc nmifrnar c 30 cóas. Fg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta jcrã fsiufrzas rczamclgfs pcrc vfrnin`cr fm tcgfs `csas quf fg `amsfmtnenfmta iuf hcha a cutarnzcha par fg tntugcr hf gc pctrnc patfstch a tutfgc salrf fg mnóa, tfmnfmha fm `ufmtc gc tf`magakåc hnspamnlgf. Xaha ga cmtfrnar ma cif`tcrã c gcs hnspasn`namfs kfmfrcgfs hfg Hfrf`ja `amtrc`tucg hf gas Fstchas enfelras, `aea gcs marecs rfgctnvcs c gc vcgnhfz, iarec`nðm a fif`tas hf gas `amtrctas fm rfgc`nðm `am um mnóa.
\fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;>, hf <; hf clrng
<2>
fhntarncg } `fp
0. X\CXCENFMXA X\CXCE NFMXA HF @CXFKA\ @CXFKA\ÅCP ÅCP FPRF@N FPRF@NCGFP CGFP HF HCXAP RF\PAMCGFP Sufhcm prajnlnhas fg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs quf rfvfgfm fg arnkfm îtmn`a a rc`ncg, gcs apnmnamfs pagåtn`cs, gcs `amvn``namfs rfgnknascs a ingasðin`cs, a gc cingnc`nðm snmhn`cg, y fg trctcenfmta hf hctas kfmîtn`as, hctas lnaeîtrn`as hnrnknhas c nhfmtnin`cr hf ecmfrc umåva`c c umc pfrsamc iåsn`c, hctas rfgctnvas c gc scguh a hctas rfgctnvas c gc vnhc sfxucg a gc arnfmtc`nðm sfxucg hf umc pfrsamc iåsn`c. Ga hnspufsta fm fg pãrrcia cmtfrnar ma sfrã hf cpgn`c`nðm `ucmha `am`urrc umc hf gcs `nr`umstcm`ncs snkunfmtfs? c) fg nmtfrfscha hna su `amsfmtnenfmta `amsfmtnenfmta fxpgå`nta pcrc pcrc fg trctcenfmta hf hn`jas hctas pfrsamcgfs `am uma a eãs hf gas inmfs fspf`nin`chas, fx`fpta `ucmha fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras fstclgfz`c quf gc prajnln`nðm efm`namchc fm fg cpcrtcha 3 ma pufhf sfr gfvcmtchc par fg nmtfrfscha4 l) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna pcrc fg `uepgnenfmta hf algnkc`namfs algnkc`namfs y fg fofr`n`na hf hfrf`jas fspf`åin`as hfg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta a hfg nmtfrfscha fm fg ãelnta hfg Hfrf`ja gclarcg y hf gc sfkurnhch y pratf``nðm sa`ncg, fm gc efhnhc fm quf cså ga cutarn`f fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm hf gas Fstchas enfelras a um `amvfmna `agf`tnva `am crrfkga cg Hfrf`ja hf gas Fstchas enfelras quf fstclgfz`c kcrcmtåcs chf`uchcs hfg rfspfta hf gas hfrf`jas iumhcefmtcgfs y hf gas nmtfrfsfs hfg nmtfrfscha4 `) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna mf`fscrna pcrc pratfkfr pratfkfr nmtfrfsfs vntcgfs hfg nmtfrfscha a hf atrc pfrsamc pfrsamc iåsn`c, fm fg supufsta hf quf fg nmtfrfscha ma fstî `cpc`ntcha, iåsn`c a ouråhn`cefmtf, pcrc hcr su `amsfmtnenfmta4 h) fg trctcenfmta fs fif`tucha, fm fg ãelnta hf sus c`tnvnhch c`tnvnhchfs fs gfkåtnecs y `am gcs hflnhcs kcrcmtåcs, par umc iumhc`nðm, umc csa`nc`nðm a `ucgqunfr atra arkcmnsea snm ãmnea hf gu`ra, `uyc inmcgnhch sfc pagåtn`c, ingasðin`c, rfgnknasc a snmhn`cg, snfeprf quf fg trctcenfmta sf rfinfrc fx`gusnvcefmtf c gas enfelras c`tucgfs a cmtnkuas hf tcgfs arkcmnseas a c pfrsamcs quf ecmtfmkcm `amtc`tas rfkugcrfs `am fggas fm rfgc`nðm `am sus inmfs y snfeprf quf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs ma sf `aeumnqufm iufrc hf fggas snm fg `amsfmtnenfmta hf gas nmtfrfschas4 f) fg trctcenfmta sf rfinfrf rfinfrf c hctas pfrsamcgfs quf fg nmtfrfscha nmtfrfscha jc jf`ja ecmninfstcefmtf pÿlgn`as4 i) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna pcrc gc iareugc`nðm, iareugc`nðm, fg fofr`n`na a gc hfifmsc hf rf`gcec`namfs rf`gcec`namfs a `ucmha gas trnlumcgfs c`tÿfm fm fofr`n`na hf su ium`nðm ouhn`ncg4 k) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna par rczamfs hf um nmtfrîs pÿlgn`a fsfm`ncg, salrf gc lcsf hfg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras, quf hflf sfr prapar`namcg cg aloftnva pfrsfkunha, rfspftcr fm ga fsfm`ncg fg hfrf`ja c gc pratf``nðm hf hctas y fstclgf`fr efhnhcs chf`uchcs y fspf`åin`cs pcrc pratfkfr gas nmtfrfsfs y hfrf`jas iumhcefmtcgfs hfg nmtfrfscha4 j) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna pcrc inmfs hf efhn`nmc prfvfmtnvc a gclarcg, fvcguc`nðm hf gc `cpc`nhch gclarcg hfg trclcochar, hnckmðstn`a eîhn`a, prfstc`nðm hf csnstfm`nc a trctcenfmta hf tnpa scmntcrna a sa`ncg, a kfstnðm hf gas snstfecs y sfrvn`nas hf csnstfm`nc scmntcrnc y sa`ncg, salrf gc lcsf hfg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras a fm vnrtuh hf um `amtrcta `am um praifsnamcg scmntcrna y snm pfroun`na hf gcs `amhn`namfs y kcrcmtåcs `amtfepgchcs fm fg cpcrtcha 04
<32
Xfec <0
fhntarncg } `fp
n) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna mf`fscrna par rczamfs rczamfs hf nmtfrîs nmtfrîs pÿlgn`a fm fg ãelnta hf gc scguh pÿlgn`c, `aea gc pratf``nðm irfmtf c cefmczcs trcmsiramtfrnzcs krcvfs pcrc gc scguh, a pcrc kcrcmtnzcr fgfvchas mnvfgfs hf `cgnhch y hf sfkurnhch hf gc csnstfm`nc scmntcrnc y hf gas efhn`cefmtas a prahu`tas scmntcrnas, salrf gc lcsf hfg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras quf fstclgfz`c efhnhcs chf`uchcs y fspf`åin`cs pcrc pratfkfr gas hfrf`jas y gnlfrtchfs hfg nmtfrfscha, fm pcrtn`ugcr fg sf`rfta praifsnamcg, o) fg trctcenfmta fs mf`fscrna `am inmfs hf cr`jnva cr`jnva fm nmtfrîs pÿlgn`a, inmfs hf nmvfstnkc`nðm nmvfstnkc`nðm `nfmtåin`c `nfmtåin`c a jnstðrn`c a inmfs fstchåstn`as, hf `amiarenhch `am fg crtå`uga :>, cpcrtcha 3, salrf gc lcsf hfg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras, quf hflf sfr prapar`namcg cg aloftnva pfrsfkunha, rfspftcr fm ga fsfm`ncg fg hfrf`ja c gc pratf``nðm hf hctas y fstclgf`fr efhnhcs chf`uchcs y fspf`åin`cs pcrc pratfkfr gas nmtfrfsfs y hfrf`jas iumhcefmtcgfs hfg nmtfrfscha. Gas hctas pfrsamcgfs c quf sf rfinfrf fg prnefr pãrrcia hf fstf cpcrtcha pahrãm trctcrsf c gas inmfs `ntchas fm gc gftrc j), `ucmha su trctcenfmta sfc rfcgnzcha par um praifsnamcg suofta c gc algnkc`nðm hf sf`rfta praifsnamcg, a lcoa su rfspamsclngnhch, hf c`ufrha `am fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras a `am gcs marecs fstclgf`nhcs par gas arkcmnseas mc`namcgfs `aepftfmtfs, a par `ucgqunfr atrc pfrsamc suoftc tcelnîm c gc algnkc`nðm hf sf`rfta hf c`ufrha `am fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras a hf gcs marecs fstclgf`nhcs par gas arkcmnseas mc`namcgfs `aepftfmtfs.
Gas Fstchas enfelras pahrãm ecmtfmfr a nmtrahu`nr `amhn`namfs chn`namcgfs, nm`gusnvf gnentc`namfs, `am rfspf`ta cg trctcenfmta hf hctas kfmîtn`as, hctas lnaeîtrn`as a hctas rfgctnvas c gc scguh.
8. X\CXCENFMXA X\CXCE NFMXA HF HCXAP RF\PAMC RF\PAMCGFP GFP \FGCX \FGCXNYAP NYAP C @AMHFMCP F NMI\C@@NAMFP RFMCGFP Fg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs rfgctnvas c `amhfmcs f nmirc``namfs pfmcgfs a efhnhcs hf sfkurnhch `amfxcs salrf gc lcsf hfg crtå`uga 9, cpcrtcha 3, sðga pahrã ggfvcrsf c `cla lcoa gc supfrvnsnðm hf gcs cutarnhchfs pÿlgn`cs a `ucmha ga cutarn`f fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras quf fstclgfz`c kcrcmtåcs chf`uchcs pcrc gas h frf`jas y gnlfrtchfs hf gas nmtfrfschas. Paga pahrã ggfvcrsf um rfknstra `aepgfta hf `amhfmcs pfmcgfs lcoa fg `amtrag hf gcs cutarnhchfs pÿlgn`cs.
6. HF\F@J HF\F@JA A HF C@@FPA HFG NMXF\F NMXF\FPCHA PCHA Fg nmtfrfscha tfmhrã hfrf`ja c altfmfr hfg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta `aminrec`nðm hf sn sf fstãm trctcmha a ma hctas pfrsamcgfs quf gf `am`nfrmfm y, fm tcg `csa, hfrf`ja hf c``fsa c gas hctas pfrsamcgfs y c gc snkunfmtf nmiarec`nðm? c) gas inmfs hfg trctcenfmta4 trctcenfmta4 l) gcs `ctfkaråcs hf hctas pfrsamcgfs hf quf sf trctf4 `) gas hfstnmctcrnas a gcs `ctfkaråcs hf hfstnmctcrnas c gas gas quf sf `aeumn`cram `aeumn`cram a sfrãm `aeumn`chas gas hctas pfrsamcgfs, fm pcrtn`ugcr hfstnmctcrnas fm tfr`fras u arkcmnzc`namfs nmtfrmc`namcgfs4 h) hf sfr pasnlgf, fg pgcza prfvnsta hf `amsfrvc`nðm `amsfrvc`nðm hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs a, hf ma sfr pasnlgf, gas `rntfrnas utngnzchas pcrc hftfrenmcr fstf pgcza4
\fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;>, hf <; hf clrng
<33
fhntarncg } `fp
f) gc fxnstfm`nc hfg hfrf`ja c sagn`ntcr hfg rfspamsclgf gc rf`tnin`c`nðm rf`tnin`c`nðm a suprfsnðm hf hctas pfrsamcgfs a gc gnentc`nðm hfg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs rfgctnvas cg nmtfrfscha, a c apamfrsf c hn`ja trctcenfmta4 i) fg hfrf`ja c prfsfmtcr umc rf`gcec`nðm cmtf umc cutarnhch cutarnhch hf `amtrag4 `amtrag4 k) `ucmha gas hctas pfrsamcgfs ma sf jcycm altfmnha hfg nmtfrfscha, `ucgqunfr nmiarec`nðm hnspamnlgf salrf su arnkfm4 j) gc fxnstfm`nc hf hf`nsnamfs cutaectnzchcs, cutaectnzchcs, nm`gunhc gc fgclarc`nðm hf pfringfs, c quf sf rfinfrf fg crtå`uga <<, cpcrtchas 3 y 8, y, cg efmas fm tcgfs `csas, nmiarec`nðm snkmnin`ctnvc salrf gc gðkn`c cpgn`chc, cså `aea gc nepartcm`nc y gcs `amsf`ufm`ncs prfvnstcs hf hn`ja trctcenfmta pcrc fg nmtfrfscha. @ucmha sf trcmsinfrcm hctas pfrsamcgfs c um tfr`fr pcås a c umc arkcmnzc`nðm nmtfrmc`namcg, fg nmtfrfscha tfmhrã hfrf`ja c sfr nmiarecha hf gcs kcrcmtåcs chf`uchcs fm vnrtuh hfg crtå`uga 89 rfgctnvcs c gc trcmsifrfm`nc. Fg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta ic`ngntcrã umc `apnc hf gas hctas pfrsamcgfs alofta hf trctcenfmta. Fg rfspamsclgf pahrã pfr`nlnr par `ucgqunfr atrc `apnc sagn`ntchc par fg nmtfrfscha um `cmam rczamclgf lcscha fm gas `astfs chenmnstrctnvas. @ucmha fg nmtfrfscha prfsfmtf gc sagn`ntuh par efhnas fgf`trðmn`as, y c efmas quf fstf sagn`ntf quf sf ic`ngntf hf atra eaha, gc nmiarec`nðm sf ic`ngntcrã fm um iarecta fgf`trðmn`a hf usa `aeÿm.
Fg hfrf`ja c altfmfr `apnc ma cif`tcrã mfkctnvcefmtf c gas hfrf`jas y gnlfrtchfs hf atras.
9. FPRF@NCG FPRF@N CG \FIF\ \FIF\FM@NC FM@NC C GC \FPAGV@ \FPAGV@NÐM NÐM HF 6 HF OVMNA HF <2 <23:, HF GC YN@F@AMPF YN@F@ AMPFOF\ OF\ÅC ÅC HF PCMNHCH, PCM NHCH, RA\ GC SVF PF JC@F RßLGN@A FG C@VF\HA HF 33 HF CL\NG HF <23:, HFG @AMPFOA HF CHENMNPX\C@NÐM HFG PF\YN@NA ECH\NGFÓA ECH\NGF ÓA HF PCGVH, RA\ FG SVF PF CR\VFLC CR\VFL C GC @\FC@NÐM, EAHNIN@C EAHNIN@C@NÐM @NÐM ^ PVR\FPNÐM HF IN@JF\AP HF HCXAP HF @C\Ã@XF\ RF\PAMCG HF A\KCMNPEAP HFRFMHNFMXFP HFG PF\YN@NA ECH\NGFÓA HF PCGVH Fg Pfrvn`na Echrngfóa hf Pcguh fm ium`nðm hf sus `aepftfm`ncs y cg alofta hf `amtrnlunr c gc chf`uchc arkcmnzc`nðm y arhfmc`nðm hf gcs c`tuc`namfs quf `aepftfm c gc Chenmnstrc`nðm Pcmntcrnc hf gc @aeumnhch hf Echrnh, c`tnvnhchfs csuenhcs fm lcsf c ga hnspufsta fm fg crtå`uga 8 hfg Hf`rfta <8/<22:, hf 0 hf clrng, hfg @amsfoa hf Kalnfrma, par fg quf sf fstclgf`f fg rîknefm ouråhn`a y hf ium`namcenfmta hfg Pfrvn`na Echrngfóa hf Pcguh, tnfmf `cpc`nhch pcrc `rfcr, eahnin`cr a suprnenr gas rfknstras, cså `aea gc nmiarec`nðm mf`fscrnc pcrc pahfr chaptcr gcs c`tnvnhchfs hf nmtfrvfm`nðm quf efoar `amtrnluycm cg `uepgnenfmta hf sus aloftnvas prnarntcrnas. Gas in`jfras hf hctas hf `crã`tfr pfrsamcg `amtfmnhas fm fg prfsfmtf C`ufrha `amtfepgcm ga fstclgf`nha fm fg \fcg Hf`rfta 3;<2/<22;, hf <3 hf hn`nfelrf, par fg quf sf cpruflc fg \fkgc-
<3<
Xfec <0
fhntarncg } `fp
efmta hf hfscrragga hf gc Gfy Arkãmn`c 36/3>>>, hf 30 hf hn`nfelrf, hf pratf``nðm hf hctas hf `crã`tfr pfrsamcg. Gas in`jfras rfifrnhas fm fstf C`ufrha sf `rfcrãm, eahnin`crãm y suprnenrãm, `uepgnfmha gcs efhnhcs hf sfkurnhch fstclgf`nhcs fm fg \fcg Hf`rfta 3;<2/<22;, hf <3 hf hn`nfelrf, par fg quf sf cpruflc fg \fkgcefmta hf hfscrragga hf gc Gfy Arkãmn`c 36/3>>>, hf 30 hf hn`nfelrf, hf pratf``nðm hf hctas hf `crã`tfr pfrsamcg. Gcs pfrsamcs cif`tchcs par gas in`jfras quf sf `rfcm eahnin`cm y suprnefm, pufhfm fofr`ntcr sus hfrf`jas hf c``fsa, rf`tnin`c`nðm, `cm`fgc`nðm y apasn`nðm hf hctas `ucmha pra`fhc, cmtf fg ðrkcma rfspamsclgf hfg ensea. Fm gas `csas fm quf sf mf`fsntf utngnzcr hctas hf `crã`tfr pfrsamcg pcrc cgkumc nmvfstnkc`nðm rfgc`namchc `am fstas in`jfras, fstc sf rfcgnzcrã `am hctas hnsa`nchas. Pn fstas ma puhnfrcm hnsa`ncrsf, sf sagn`ntcrã fg `amsfmtnenfmta fxprfsa hf gcs pfrsamcs cif`tchcs pcrc pahfr utngnzcr sus hctas `am fstf inm. Fg tntugcr hfg ðrkcma chenmnstrctnva rfspamsclgf hf gas in`jfras chaptcrã gcs efhnhcs mf`fscrncs pcrc csfkurcr quf gas hctas cutaectnzchas y ecmucgfs fstru`turchas hf `crã`tfr pfrsamcg quf sf fm`ufmtrfm fm fg rfifrnha in`jfra sf utngn`fm pcrc gc inmcgnhch pcrc gc quf iufram rf`aknhas y pcrc jc`fr fif`tnvcs gcs kcrcmtåcs, algnkc`namfs y hfrf`jas rf`ama`nhas fm gc Gfy Arkãmn`c 36/3>>>, hf 30 hf hn`nfelrf, hf Rratf``nðm hf Hctas hf @crã`tfr Rfrsamcg. Fm `uepgnenfmta hfg crtå`uga 66 hfg \fkgcefmta hf hfscrragga hf gc Gfy Arkãmn`c 36/3>>>, hf 30 hf hn`nfelrf, gas in`jfras sfrãm matnin`chas pcrc su nms`rnp`nðm fm fg \fknstra Kfmfrcg hf Rratf``nðm hf Hctas fm fg pgcza hf trfnmtc håcs hfshf gc pulgn`c`nðm hf fstf C`ufrha fm fg Lagftåm ain`ncg hf gc `aeumnhch hf Echrnh.
\fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;>, hf <; hf clrng
<30
Fsqufec <0
GC R\AXF@@NÐM HF HCXAP. \FKGCEFMXA (VF) <23 <2 39/ 9/9 9;> HFG RC\G C\GCEF CEFMXA MXA FV\ARF F V\ARFA A ^ HFG H FG @AMPFOA @AMP FOA HF <; <; HF CL\NG CL\ NG HF H F <23 <239 9 \FGCXNYA C GC R\AXF@@NÐM HF GCP RF\PAMCP IÅPN@CP FM GA SVF \FPRF@XC CG X\CXCENFMXA HF HCXAP RF\PAMCGFP ^ C GC GNL\F @N\@VGC@NÐM HF FPXAP HCXAP ^ RA\ FG SVF PF HF\AKC GC HN\F@XNYC >6/89/@F (\FKGCEFMXA KFMF\CG HF R\AXF@ R\AXF@@NÐM @NÐM HF HCXAP)? ALOFXA, ÃELNXA XF\\NXA\ X F\\NXA\NCG, NCG, HFINMN@NAMFP Fstru`turc y `amtfmnha Hnspasn`namfs kfmfrcgfs Alofta Ãelnta hf cpgn`c`nðm ectfrncg Ãelnta tfrrntarncg Hfinmn`namfs
Rrnm`npnas Rrnm`npnas rfgctnvas cg trctcenfmta Gn`ntuh hfg trctcenfmta
@AMHN@NAMFP RC\C FG @AMPFMXNENFMXA @ucmha fg trctcenfmta sf lcsf fm fg `amsfmtnenfmta hfg nmtfrfscha, fg rfspamsclgf hflfrã sfr `cpcz hf hfeastrcr quf cqufg `amsnmtnð fg trctcenfmta hf sus hctas pfrsamcgfs Xrctcenfmta hf `ctfkaråcs fspf`ncgfs hf hctas pfrsamcgfs
X\CXCENFMXA X\CXCENFM XA HF HCXAP HCXAP RF\PAMCGF RF\P AMCGFPP \FGCXNYAP C @AMHFMCP F NMI\C@@NAMFP RFMCGFP Fg trctcenfmta hf hctas pfrsamcgfs rfgctnvas c `amhfmcs f nmirc``namfs pfmcgfs a efhnhcs hf sfkurnhch `amfxcs salrf gc lcsf hfg crtå`uga 9, cpcrtcha 3, sðga pahrã ggfvcrsf c `cla lcoa gc supfrvnsnðm hf gcs cutarnhchfs pÿlgn`cs a `ucmha ga cutarn`f fg Hfrf`ja hf gc Vmnðm a hf gas Fstchas enfelras quf fstclgfz`c kcrcmtåcs chf`uchcs pcrc gas hfrf`jas y gnlfrtchfs hf gas nmtfrfschas. Paga pahrã ggfvcrsf um rfknstra `aepgfta hf `amhfmcs pfmcgfs lcoa fg `amtrag hf gcs cutarnhchfs pÿlgn`cs Hfrf`ja hf c``fsa hfg nmtfrfscha
\fkgcefmta (VF) <239/9;>, hf <; hf clrng
<36
Fg nmtfrfscha tfmhrã hfrf`ja c altfmfr hfg rfspamsclgf hfg trctcenfmta `aminrec`nðm hf sn sf fstãm trctcmha a ma hctas pfrsamcgfs quf gf `am`nfrmfm y, fm tcg `csa, hfrf`ja hf c``fsa c gas hctas pfrsamcgfs
FPRF@ NCG \FIF\FM FPRF@NCG \F IF\FM@NC @NC C GC \FPAGV@N \FPA GV@NÐM ÐM HF 6 HF OVMNA OVMN A HF <2 <23:, HF GC YN@F@AMPFOF\ YN@F@AMP FOF\ÅC ÅC HF PCMNHCH, RA\ GC SVF PF JC@F RßLGN@A FG C@VF\HA HF 33 HF CL\NG HF <23:, HFG @AMPFOA HF CHENMNPX\C@NÐM HFG PF\YN@NA ECH\NGFÓA HF PCGVH, RA\ FG SVF PF CR\VFLC GC @\FC@NÐM, EAHN EAHNIN@C@NÐM IN@C@NÐM ^ PVR\FPNÐM PVR\FP NÐM HF IN@JF\AP IN@J F\AP HF HCXAP HCXAP HF @C\Ã@XF\ @C\Ã@XF\ RF\PAMCG HF A\KCMNPEAP A \KCMNPEAP HFRFMHNFMXFP HFG PF\YN@NA PF\ YN@NA ECH\NGFÓA HF PCGVH Fg Pfrvn`na Echrngfóa hf Pcguh fm ium`nðm hf sus `aepftfm`ncs y cg alofta hf `amtrnlunr c gc chf`uchc arkcmnzc`nðm y arhfmc`nðm hf gcs c`tuc`namfs quf `aepftfm c gc Chenmnstrc`nðm Pcmntcrnc hf gc @aeumnhch hf Echrnh, c`tnvnhchfs csuenhcs fm lcsf c ga hnspufsta fm fg crtå`uga 8 hfg Hf`rfta <8/<22:, hf 0 hf clrng, hfg @amsfoa hf Kalnfrma, par fg quf sf fstclgf`f fg rîknefm ouråhn`a y hf ium`namcenfmta hfg Pfrvn`na Echrngfóa hf Pcguh, tnfmf `cpc`nhch pcrc `rfcr, eahnin`cr a suprnenr gas rfknstras, cså `aea gc nmiarec`nðm mf`fscrnc pcrc pahfr chaptcr gcs c`tnvnhchfs hf nmtfrvfm`nðm quf efoar `amtrnluycm cg `uepgnenfmta hf sus aloftnvas prnarntcrnas
<39
Xfec <0
