QHOF 6
Df Kblstetukeûl hspföbdf ah 6539> Hstrukturf y kblthleab. Qïtudb prhdeoelfr. Ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs julafohltfdhs ah dbs keuafaflbs. Df prbthkkeûl ah df sfdua hl df Kblstetukeûl
]hjhrhlkefs Dhcesdftevfs
Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf, ah =3 ah aekehomrh ah 6539, kuyf þdteof obaejekfkeûl sh if prbaukeab pbr ]hjbrof ah =3 ah shptehomrh ah =766 Dhy Brcælekf 1/6596, 1/6596, ah 6 ah nuleb, pbr df quh sh rhcudfl dbs Hstfabs ah fdfrof, hxkhpkeûl y seteb Dhy 61/659:, ah =8 ah fmred, Chlhrfd ah [fleafa, kuyf þdteof obaejekfkeûl sh if prbaukeab pbr Dhy Brcælekf :/=768, ah 6= ah nuleb, ah obaejekfkeûl ah df Dhy Brcælekf 9/6597, ah == ah shptehomrh, ah jelflkefkeû jelflkefkeûl l ah dfs Kbouleafa Kbouleafahs hs Futûlbofs y ah df Dhy Brcælekf =/=76=, =/=76=, ah =3 ah fmred, ah Hstfmedeafa Wrhsupuhstfref y [bsthlemedeafa Jelflkehrf
Bmnhtevbs
Hstuaefr dbs fsphktbs mæsekbs ah df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ]hkblbkhr dbs prelkepebs julafohltfdhs ah df Kblstetukeûl Kblbkhr dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs julafohltfdh julafohltfdhss ah dbs hspföbdhs Fmbrafr df prbthkkeûl ah df sfdua f levhd kblstetukeblfd
haetbrefd } khp
6. DF KBL KBL[QEQ [QEQXKEÛ XKEÛL L H[WF H[WFÖBD ÖBDF F AH 653 539 9> H[Q] H[Q]XKQX XKQX]F ]F U KBLQHLEAB Qrfs hd kfomeb ah råceohl pbdïtekb bkurreab hl 6538, sh ifkh lhkhsfref df krhfkeûl ah ulf dhy suprhof y dhcïteof quh hstfmdhzkf dbs prelkepebs y vfdbrhs quh ifl ah shrver ah mfsh fd luhvb hstfab ahobkrætekb. Kbl df fprbmfkeûl ah df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf pbr dfs Kbrths hl 6539, sh kuopdhl dbs bmnhtevbs flthrebrohlth ohlkeblfabs. Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539> - Juh fprbmfaf pbr dbs pdhlbs ahd Kblcrhsb y ahd [hlfab, hl shlafs shseblhs, shseblhs, hd ;6 ah bktumrh bktumrh ah 6539. - Hd : ah aekehomrh ah 6539 juh rftejekfaf ohaeflth rhjhrålauo pbr hd puhmdb hspföbd. - Hd =3 ah aekehomrh ah 6539, hl ulf shseûl kblnultf ah fomfs Kæofrfs, juh sflkeblfaf y prboudcfaf pbr hd ]hy. - Hd =5 ah aekehomrh ah 6539 sh pumdekû hl hd MBH y hltrû hl vecbr. Hd =3 ah fcbstb ah 655=, hd ]hy sflkeblû ulf rhjbrof ah df Kblstetukeûl, aflab ulf luhvf rhafkkeûl fd fpfrtfab = ahd frtïkudb 6;, rhjhrhlth fd ahrhkib ah sujrfceb ah dbs hxtrflnhrbs hl dfs hdhkkeblhs oulekepfdhs quh, f pfrter ah df oesof, if pfsfab f shr fktevb y pfsevb. Hstf rhjbrof juh fprbmfaf pbr dfs Kbrths Chlhrfdhs hl shseblhs pdhlfrefs ahd Kblcrhsb ah dbs Aeputfabs, hd aïf == ah nudeb ah 655=, y ahd [hlfab, hd aïf ;7 ah nudeb ah 655=. Df þdteof obaejekfkeûl if seab trfs df ]hjbrof ahd frtïkudb 6;8 ah df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf, ah =3 ah shptehomrh ah =766, quh juh pumdekfaf hl hd MBH =;;/=766, ah =3 ah shptehomrh ah =766. Elkbrpbrf df fahkufkeûl ah tbafs dfs Faoelestrfkeblhs Wþmdekfs fd prelkepeb ah hstfmedeafa prhsupuhstfref.
Hd frt. 6;8 ah df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf quhaf rhafktfab kbob secuh> 6. Qbafs dfs Faoelestrfkeblhs Wþmdekfs fahkufræl sus fktufkeblhs fd prelkepeb ah hstfmedeafa prhsupuhstfref. =. Hd Hstfab y dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs lb pbaræl elkurrer hl ul aåjeket hstrukturfd quh suphrh dbs oærchlhs hstfmdhkeabs, hl su kfsb, pbr df Xleûl Hurbphf pfrf sus Hstfabs Oehomrbs. Xlf dhy brcælekf jenfræ hd aåjeket hstrukturfd oæxeob phroeteab fd Hstfab y f dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs, hl rhdfkeûl kbl su prbauktb elthrebr mrutb. Dfs Hlteafahs Dbkfdhs ahmhræl prhshltfr hquedemreb prhsupuhstfreb. ;. Hd Hstfab y dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs ifmræl ah hstfr futbrezfabs pbr dhy pfrf hoeter ahuaf pþmdekf b kbltrfhr kråaetb. Dbs kråaetbs pfrf sftesjfkhr dbs elthrhshs y hd kfpetfd ah df ahuaf pþmdekf ah dfs Faoelestrfkeblhs sh hlthlahræl sehoprh elkdueabs hl hd hstfab ah cfstbs ah sus prhsupuhstbs y su pfcb cbzfræ ah prebreafa fmsbdutf. Hstbs kråaetbs lb pbaræl shr bmnhtb ah hloehlaf b obaejekfkeûl, oehltrfs sh fnusthl f dfs kblaekeblhs ah df dhy ah hoeseûl.
67
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
Hd vbduohl ah ahuaf pþmdekf ahd kblnultb ah dfs Faoelestrfkeblhs Wþmdekfs hl rhdfkeûl kbl hd prbauktb elthrebr mrutb ahd Hstfab lb pbaræ suphrfr hd vfdbr ah rhjhrhlkef hstfmdhkeab hl hd Qrftfab ah Julkeblfoehltb ah df Xleûl Hurbphf. 1. Dbs dïoeths ah aåjeket hstrukturfd y ah vbduohl ah ahuaf pþmdekf sûdb pbaræl suphrfrsh hl kfsb ah kftæstrbjhs lfturfdhs, rhkhseûl hkblûoekf b setufkeblhs ah hohrchlkef hxtrfbraelfref quh hskfphl fd kbltrbd ahd Hstfab y phrnuaequhl kblseahrfmdhohlth df setufkeûl jelflkehrf b df sbsthlemedeafa hkblûoekf b sbkefd ahd Hstfab, fprhkefafs pbr df ofybrïf fmsbdutf ah dbs oehomrbs ahd Kblcrhsb ah dbs Aeputfabs. 8. Xlf dhy brcælekf ahsfrrbddfræ dbs prelkepebs f quh sh rhjehrh hsth frtïkudb, fsï kbob df pfrtekepfkeûl, hl dbs prbkhaeoehltbs rhsphktevbs, ah dbs ûrcflbs ah kbbraelfkeûl elstetukeblfd hltrh dfs Faoelestrfkeblhs Wþmdekfs hl ofthref ah pbdïtekf jeskfd y jelflkehrf. Hl tbab kfsb, rhcudfræ> f) Df aestremukeûl ah dbs dïoeths ah aåjeket y ah ahuaf hltrh dfs aesteltfs Faoelestrfkeblhs Wþmdekfs, dbs supuhstbs hxkhpkeblfdhs ah suphrfkeûl ah dbs oesobs y df jbrof y pdfzb ah kbrrhkkeûl ah dfs ahsvefkeblhs quh sbmrh ulb y btrb puaehrfl prbaukersh. m) Df ohtbabdbcïf y hd prbkhaeoehltb pfrf hd kædkudb ahd aåjeket hstrukturfd. k) Df rhspblsfmedeafa ah kfaf Faoelestrfkeûl Wþmdekf hl kfsb ah elkuopdeoehltb ah dbs bmnhtevbs ah hstfmedeafa prhsupuhstfref. :. Dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs, ah fkuhrab kbl sus rhsphktevbs Hstftutbs y ahltrb ah dbs dïoeths f quh sh rhjehrh hsth frtïkudb, fabptfræl dfs aespbsekeblhs quh prbkhafl pfrf df fpdekfkeûl hjhktevf ahd prelkepeb ah hstfmedeafa hl sus lbrofs y ahkeseblhs prhsupuhstfrefs.
6.6 Kfrfkthrïstekfs chlhrfdhs Fthlaehlab tfltb f su brechl kbob f su frtekudfab, sh puhahl shöfdfr dbs secuehlths kfrfkthrhs ah df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf> - [h trftf ah ul thxtb ah rupturf, hl df ohaeaf hl quh supblh hd pfsb ah ul råceohl futbkrætekb (ahd Chlhrfd Jrflkb) f ulf ahobkrfkef. - [h trftf ah ul thxtb kblshlsufab, kblshlsufab, rhfdezfab ohaeflth hd prbkhsb ah lhcbkefkeûl y pfktb ah dfs juhrzfs rhfdhs, fktufdhs y dfthlths hl luhstrb pfïs aurflth hd mehleb kblstetuyhlth. - Kblstetuyh hd hd thxtb oæs hxthlsb ah luhstrf iestbref kblstetukeblfd sfdvb hd ah 696=. - Df Kblstetukeûl Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf Hspföbdf ah 6539 hs pbdevfdhlth pbdevfdhlth y ahdemhrfafohlth fomecuf. Kbob Kbob shöfdf df [hlthlkef 66/6596 ahd Qremulfd Kblstetukeblfd, kblstetuyh hd thxtb kblstetukeblfd ul ofrkb ah kbelkeahlkefs sujekehlthohlth fopdeb kbob pfrf quh ahltrb ah åd quhpfl bpkeblhs pbdïtekfs ah ouy aejhrhlth seclb. - Ahstfkf df abktrelf, quh sh trftf ah ulf Kblstetukeûl elkbopdhtf, pbr sus rhphteafs rhoeseblhs f dhyhs brcælekfs quh rhcudhl ulf ahthroelfaf ofthref, rhprbkiælabsh ul kfrækthr elfkfmfab, f phsfr ah su hxthlseûl. - Hd thxtb kblstetukeblfd rhjdhnf df phrthlhlkef ah Hspföf fd kblthxtb kudturfd bkkeahltfd hurbphb. Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
66
haetbrefd } khp
- [h trftf ah ul thxtb hl ablah sh ifl rhjdhnfab eljduhlkefs ah df Kblstetukeûl fdhoflf y ah df Kblstetukeûl etfdeflf, hsphkefdohlth.
KF]FKQH]Ï[QEKF[ QHYQB AH ]XWQX]F QHYQB KBL[HL[XFAB QHYQB HYQHL[B QHYQB WBDEZFDHLQH U FOMECXB
QHYQB ELKBOWDHQB QHYQB [EQXFAB HL XL KBLQHYQB KXDQX]FD BKKEAHLQFD HX]BWHB
6.= Wrelkepebs elsperfabrhs Hd Qïtudb Wrhdeoelfr ah df Kblstetukeûl, hstfmdhkh quh —Df Lfkeûl hspföbdf, ahshflab hstfmdhkhr df nustekef, df demhrtfa y df shcureafa y prbobvhr hd mehl ah kufltbs df elthcrfl, hl usb ah su sbmhrflïf, prbkdfof su vbdultfa ah> - Cfrfltezfr df kblvevhlkef kblvevhlkef ahobkrætekf ahltrb ah df Kblstetukeûl y ah dfs dhyhs kbljbroh f ul brahl hkblûoekb y sbkefd nustb. - Kblsbdeafr ul Hstfab ah Ahrhkib quh fshcurh hd eophreb ah df dhy kbob hxprhseûl ah df vbdultfa pbpudfr. - Wrbthchr f tbabs dbs hspföbdhs y puhmdbs ah Hspföf hl hd hnhrkekeb ah dbs ahrhkibs iuoflbs, sus kudturfs y trfaekeblhs, dhlcufs h elstetukeblhs. - Wrbobvhr hd prbcrhsb ah df kudturf y ah df hkblboïf pfrf fshcurfr f tbabs ulf aeclf kfdeafa ah veaf. - Hstfmdhkhr ulf sbkehafa ahobkrætekf fvflzfaf. - Kbdfmbrfr hl hd jbrtfdhkeoehltb ah ulfs rhdfkeblhs pfkïjekfs y ah hjekfz kbbphrfkeûl hltrh tbabs dbs puhmdbs ah df Qehrrf‟.
6.; Hstrukturf F. Hstrukturf jbrofd Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539 sh hstrukturf hl> - Xl Wrhæomudb. - 6:5 frtïkudbs, aestremueabs hl ul Qïtudb Wrhdeoelfr y aehz Qïtudbs luohrfabs. - 1 Aespbsekeblhs Faekeblfdhs. - 5 Aespbsekeblhs Qrflsetbrefs. - 6 Aespbsekeûl Ahrbcftbref. - 6 Aespbsekeûl Jelfd.
6=
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
M. Hstrukturf ofthrefd [h aestelcuhl hl luhstrf Kblstetukeûl abs pfrths mehl aejhrhlkefafs.
f. Df pfrth abcoætekf [h khltrf hl hd rhkblbkeoehltb ah dbs prelkepebs prbcrfoætekbs quh vfl f elsperfr hd luhvb brahl pbdïtekb. Hstæ jbrofaf pbr hd Qïtudb Wrhdeoelfr y hd Qïtudb E ah df Kblstetukeûl.
m. Df pfrth brcælekf [h aerech f rhcudfr y hstfmdhkhr ah oflhrf hjhktevf df brcflezfkeûl pbdïtekf y nurïaekf ahd Hstfab hspföbd brcflezflab sus elstetukeblhs y rhpfrtehlab kbophthlkefs. Hstæ jbrofaf pbr dbs Qïtudbs EE f Y ah df Kblstetukeûl.
6.1 Kblthleab Hd kblthleab ah dbs aesteltbs hpïcrfjhs ah df Kblstetukeûl hs hd secuehlth> - Qïtudb Wrhdeoelfr> (frts. 6 f 5). Elkduyh dbs prelkepebs mæsekbs mæsekbs hl dbs quh sh susthltf hd Hstfab Hspföbd. - Qïtudb E> —Ah dbs ahrhkibs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ahmhrhs julafohltfdhs‟ (frts. 67 fd 88). Kbl 1: frtïkudbs, åsth hs hd Qïtudb oæs fopdeb ah luhstrf Kblstetukeûl. F db dfrcb ah su frtekudfab sh rhkblbkhl y cfrfltezfl dbs ahrhkibs, ahmhrhs y demhrtfahs ah dbs keuafaflbs, fsï kbob df pbsemdh susphlseûl ah dbs oesobs. Hstæ aeveaeab hl hl kelkb Kfpïtudbs, servehlab hd frtïkudb 67 ah pûrtekb fd oesob. ³
Kfpïtudb 6¾> —Ah dbs hspföbdhs hspföbdhs y dbs hxtrflnhrbs‟ hxtrflnhrbs‟ (frts. 66 fd 6;).
³
Kfpïtudb =¾> —Ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs‟ (frts. 68 fd ;9)0 hstæ aeveaeab hl abs [hkkeblhs, dfs kufdhs vfl prhkhaeafs ahd frtïkudb 61, rhdftevb fd prelkepeb ah ecufdafa> [hkkeûl 6ª> Ah dbs Ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs y ah dfs demhrtfahs pþmdekfs (frts. 68 fd =5). [hkkeûl =ª> Ah dbs Ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ah dbs keuafaflbs keuafaflbs (frts. ;7 fd ;9).
³
Kfpïtudb ;¾> —Ah dbs prelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf‟ hkblûoekf‟ (frts. ;5 fd 8=).
³
Kfpïtudb 1¾> —Ah dfs cfrfltïfs ah dfs demhrtfahs y ahrhkibs ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs‟ (frts. 8; y 81).
³
Kfpïtudb 8¾> —Ah df susphlseûl ah dbs dbs ahrhkibs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs‟ (frt. 88).
- Qïtudb EE> —Ah df Kbrblf‟ (frts. 8: f :8). ]hcudf df jecurf ahd ]hy, sus julkeblhs, nurfohltb, df sukhseûl ah df Kbrblf, df ]hchlkef, df Quthdf ahd ]hy, hd rhjrhlab f dbs fktbs ahd ]hy y hd Wrhsupuhstb y brcflezfkeûl ah df Kfsf ]hfd. - Qïtudb EEE> —Ah dfs Kbrths Chlhrfdhs‟ (frts. :: f 5:). Hstfmdhkh df kbopbsekeûl, kbopbsekeûl, brcflezfkeûl y ftremukeblhs ah dfs Kbrths Kbrths Chlhrfdhs. ]hcudf hd prbkhaeoehltb ah hdfmbrfkeûl ah dfs dhyhs, hd hstftutb ah dbs pfrdfohltfrebs y hd råceohl ah dbs Qrftfabs Elthrlfkeblfdhs. Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
6;
haetbrefd } khp
Hstæ aeveaeab hl trhs Kfpïtudbs. ³
Kfpïtudb 6¾> —Ah dfs Kæofrfs‟ (frts. :: fd 97).
³
Kfpïtudb =¾> —Ah df hdfmbrfkeûl ah dfs dhyhs‟ (frts. 96 fd 5=).
³
Kfpïtudb ;¾> —Ah dbs Qrftfabs Elthrlfkeblfdhs‟ (frts. 5; fd 5:).
- Qïtudb EZ> —Ahd Cbmehrlb Cbmehrlb y ah df Faoelestrfkeûl‟ (frts. 53 fd 673). ]hcudf df kbopbsekeûl y julkeblhs ahd Cbmehrlb, hd lbomrfoehltb y khsh ahd Wrhseahlth, Zekhprhseahlths y Oelestrbs, fsï kbob su rhspblsfmedeafa kreoelfd. Kbl rhsphktb f df Faoelestrfkeûl, hstfmdhkh sus prelkepebs ah fktufkeûl y brcflezfkeûl, hd kbltrbd nuresaekkeblfd y df rhspblsfmedeafa pftreoblefd ah df oesof. ]hcudf hd Kblshnb ah Hstfab kbob ûrcflb suprhob ah kfrækthr kblsudtevb. - Qïtudb Z> —Ah dfs rhdfkeblhs hltrh hd Cbmehrlb y dfs Kbrths Chlhrfdhs‟ (frts. 679 fd 66:). Hstfmdhkh df rhspblsfmedeafa ahd Cbmehrlb flth hd Kblcrhsb ah dbs Aeputfabs0 rhcudf df kuhsteûl ah kbljeflzf, df obkeûl ah khlsurf, df aeoeseûl ahd Cbmehrlb y df aesbdukeûl ah dfs Kæofrfs0 fseoesob, rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib ah eljbrofkeûl ah dfs Kæofrfs f trfvås ah elthrphdfkeblhs y prhcultfs y rhcudf dbs hstfabs ah fdfrof, hxkhpkeûl y seteb. - Qïtudb ZE> —Ahd Wbahr Nuaekefd‟ (frts. 663 fd 6=3). ]hcudf dbs prelkepebs mæsekbs ahd Wbahr Wbahr Nuaekefd> prelkepeb ah elahphlahlkef nuaekefd, ah elfobvedeafa ah nuhkhs y ofcestrfabs, ah hxkduseveafa nuresaekkeblfd y ah uleafa nuresaekkeblfd0 df kbdfmbrfkeûl kbl df nustekef0 df nustekef crftuetf0 df pumdekeafa y brfdeafa ah dfs fktufkeblhs nuaekefdhs, df elaholezfkeûl ahd Hstfab H stfab pbr hrrbr nuaekefd, nu aekefd, hd Kblshnb Chlhrfd ahd Wbahr Nuaekefd, hd Qremulfd [uprhob, hd Oelesthreb Jeskfd, df fkkeûl pbpudfr, htk. - Qïtudb ZEE> —Hkblboïf y Ifkehlaf‟ (frts. 6=9 fd 6;:). Hsth Qïtudb hstfmdhkh hd hd prelkepeb ah sumbraelfkeûl ah df requhzf fd elthrås chlhrfd, chlhrfd, hd prelkepeb ah dhcfdeafa hl ofthref tremutfref y dbs prelkepebs mæsekbs ahd råceohl nurïaekb ah dbs mehlhs ah aboeleb pþmdekb y ah dbs kboulfdhs. ]hcudf hd Qremulfd ah Kuhltfs y hd råceohl ah hdfmbrfkeûl ah dbs Wrhsupuhstbs ahd Hstfab. ]hkblbkh df elekeftevf pþmdekf hl df fkteveafa hkblûoekf0 df pfrtekepfkeûl ah dbs trfmfnfabrhs hl df [hcureafa [bkefd y df fkteveafa ah dbs brcflesobs pþmdekbs, fsï kbob df pbsemedeafa ah pdflejekfkeûl ah df fkteveafa hkblûoekf. - Qïtudb ZEEE> —Ah df brcflezfkeûl thrretbrefd ahd Hstfab‟ (frts. 6;3 fd 689). ]hcudf dbs prelkepebs ah brcflezfkeûl brcflezfkeûl thrretbrefd thrretbrefd ahd Hstfab, df Faoelestrfkeûl Dbkfd y dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs. Hstæ aeveaeab hl trhs Kfpïtudbs> ³
Kfpïtudb 6¾> —Wrelkepebs Chlhrfdhs‟ (frts. 6;3 fd 6;5).
³
Kfpïtudb =¾> —Ah df Faoelestrfkeûl Dbkfd‟ (frts. 617 fd 61=).
³
Kfpïtudb ;¾> —Ah dfs Kbouleafahs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs‟ (frts. 61; fd 689).
- Qïtudb EY> —Ahd Qremulfd Kblstetukeblfd‟ Kblstetukeblfd‟ (frts. 685 fd 6:8). ]hcudf df kbopbsekeûl, kbopbsekeûl, hstftutb y lbomrfoehltb ah dbs oehomrbs oehomrbs ahd Qremulfd Kblstetukeblfd0 dfs kbophthlkefs y julkeblhs ahd oesob0 df dhceteofkeûl pfrf df elthrpbsekeûl ah rhkursbs ah elkblstetukeblfdeafa y ah fopfrb y df kuhsteûl ah elkblstetukeblfdeafa.
61
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
- Qïtudb Y> Y> —Ah df ]hjbrof Kblstetukeblfd‟ (frts. 6:: fd 6:5). Hstfmdhkh hd hd prbkhaeoehltb ah rhjbrof ah df Kblstetukeûl, fsï kbob dbs dïoeths thopbrfdhs pfrf hjhktufrdf.
KBL[QEQXKEÛL H[WFÖBDF H[Q]XKQX]F
Jbrofd Ofthrefd KBLQHLEAB[
Qïtudb Wrhdeoelfr 67 Qïtudbs luohrfabs
6:5 frtïkudbs
1 Aespbsekeblhs Faekeblfdhs 5 Aespbsekeblhs Qrflsetbrefs 6 Aespbsekeûl Ahrbcftbref 6 Aespbsekeûl Jelfd
6.8 Wrelkepebs quh df eljbrofl Dbs prelkepebs elsperfabrhs rhcudfabs hl hd Qïtudb Wrhdeoelfr ah df Kblstetukeûl sbl>
F. Jbrof ahd Hstfab Hspföbd f. Hstfab [bkefd y Ahobkrætekb ah Ahrhkib Hspföf sh kblstetuyh hl ul Hstfab sbkefd y ahobkrætekb ah ahrhkib quh prbpuclf kbob vfdbrhs suphrebrhs ah su brahlfoehltb nurïaekb df demhrtfa, df nustekef, df ecufdafa y hd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb (frt. 6.6 KH).
• Hstfab [bkefd Hd flthkhahlth ah df hxprhseûl —Hstfab sbkefd‟ db hlkbltrfobs hl df Dhy Julafohltfd ah Mbll, quh ahjelïf df ]hpþmdekf Jhahrfd ah Fdhoflef kbob ul Hstfab sbkefd, ahobkrætekb y jhahrfd. Df abktrelf lb hs ulæleoh f df ibrf ah abtfr ah kblthleab df ketfaf hxprhseûl. Wfrf ulbs, hd hstfab sbkefd eopdekf ul Hstfab ah shrvekebs, ah aestremukeûl b ah mehlhstfr0 pfrf btrbs, shrïf hd Hstfab brehltfab ifkef df kblshkukeûl ah df nustekef sbkefd, f trfvås ah df prbthkkeûl ahd trfmfnb y ah df eopdfltfkeûl ah ul sesthof fahkufab ah shcureafa sbkefd. Xl hstfab sbkefd hs fquåd quh rhkblbkh prhthlseblhs ah dbs elaeveaubs jrhlth f df kbouleafa0 f trfvås ah åd sh kblsecuh df prbthkkeûl sbkefd y hkblûoekf ah tbabs dbs keuafaflbs. Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
68
haetbrefd } khp
Hd ihkib ah quh Hspföf sh kblstetuyf hl ul Hstfab sbkefd seclejekf hd rhkblbkeoehltb lb sûdb ah dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs f levhd elaeveaufd, selb tfomeål f levhd kbdhktevb b ah crupbs ablah ul elaeveaub tehlah f elthcrfrsh. Wbr tfltb, hd Hstfab ahmh fsuoer df bmdecfkeûl ah cfrfltezfr hd mehlhstfr y df sftesjfkkeûl ah dfs lhkhseafahs elaeveaufdhs y kbdhktevfs ah dbs keuafaflbs. Hd hdhohltb sbkefd sh hlkuhltrf rhkbceab hl oukibs ah dbs ahrhkibs rhkblbkeabs hl hd Qïtudb E, Kfpïtudb shculab ah df Kblstetukeûl (kbob hd ahrhkib fd trfmfnb, df demhrtfa ah rhseahlkef, ahrhkib ah fsbkefkeûl y tuthdf nuaekefd) y hl tbabs dbs prelkepebs ahd Kfpïtudb thrkhrb (prbthkkeûl f df sfdua, f df jfoedef, aestremukeûl ah df rhltf, htk.). Hd Hstfab sbkefd hl quh df Lfkeûl Hspföbdf sh kblstetuyh, kblddhvf df bmdecfkeûl ah dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs ah> - Wrbobvhr dfs kblaekeblhs pfrf quh df demhrtfa y df ecufdafa ahd elaeveaub y ah dbs crupbs hl quh sh elthcrf shfl rhfdhs y hjhktevfs. - ]hobvhr dbs bmstækudbs quh eopeafl b aejekudthl su pdhletua. - Jfkedetfr df pfrtekepfkeûl ah tbabs dbs keuafaflbs hl df veaf pbdïtekf, hkblûoekf, kudturfd y sbkefd. Hl luhstrb thxtb kblstetukeblfd hxesthl aevhrsbs prhkhptbs quh bmdecfl f dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs f prbobvhr dfs kblaekeblhs jfvbrfmdhs pfrf ulf aestremukeûl ah df rhltf phrsblfd y rhceblfd oæs hquetftevf. Hd tåroelb sbkefd seclejekf ecufdafa0 hstf ecufdafa kboprhlah hd prelkepeb ah rhaestremukeûl, hlrequhkehlab dbs ahrhkibs ah dbs ohlbs jfvbrhkeabs. Fsï, pbr hnhopdb, lbs hlkbltrfobs kbl df prbthkkeûl ah dbs ienbs kbl elahphlahlkef ah su jedefkeûl, hd fopfrb quh sh ahmh prhstfr f dbs aesoelueabs, df prbthkkeûl f df thrkhrf hafa, htk.
• Hstfab Ahobkrætekb Ahsah hd prbpeb prhæomudb ah df Kblstetukeûl sh prbkdfof df vbdultfa ahd puhmdb hspföbd ah hstfmdhkhr ulf sbkehafa ahobkrætekf fvflzfaf y cfrfltezfr df kblvevhlkef ahobkrætekf ah dbs hspföbdhs. Hd Hstfab hs ahobkrætekb pbr kufltb quh hs hl hd puhmdb hl hd quh rhseah df sbmhrflïf lfkeblfd, ah åd hoflfl dbs pbahrhs ahd Hstfab y pfrtekepf hl dbs fsultbs pþmdekbs. Df eahf ah quh df sbmhrflïf lfkeblfd rhseah hl hd puhmdb sh hlkuhltrf hlkuhltrf kdfrfohlth hxprhsfaf hl hd prhæomudb ah df Kblstetukeûl, hs oæs, df Kblstetukeûl oesof hs ul fktb ah sbmhrflïf, y ulf fjerofkeûl fj erofkeûl ahd kfrækthr ahobkrætekb ahd Hstfab.
Df pfdfmrf ahobkrætekb sh rhpeth f db dfrcb ahd frtekudfab ah df Kblstetukeûl, y fsï> - Fd ifmdfr ah dbs dbs pfrteabs pbdïtekbs, pbdïtekbs, ah dbs dbs selaekftbs ah trfmfnfabrhs, ah ah dfs Fsbkefkeblhs Fsbkefkeblhs Hoprhsfrefdhs, ah dbs Kbdhcebs Wrbjhseblfdhs y ah dfs Brcflezfkeblhs Wrbjhseblfdhs sh sumrfyf quh su hstrukturf elthrlf y julkeblfoehltb ahmhræl shr ahobkrætekbs. - Df haukfkeûl thlaræ pbr bmnhtb hd pdhlb ahsfrrbddb ah df phrsblfdeafa iuoflf hl hd rhsphtb f dbs prelkepebs ahobkrætekbs ah kblvevhlkef y f dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs julafohltfdhs. Hl preohr ducfr, if ah thlhrsh hl kuhltf quh df ahobkrfkef hstæ ouy elthrrhdfkeblfaf kbl df pfrtekepfkeûl, kblshkuhlkef ah quh df sbmhrflïf rhseah hl hd puhmdb hspföbd. Df pfrtekepfkeûl sh
6:
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
rhfdezf f trfvås ahd sujrfceb, ah df pdurfdeafa ah pfrteabs, ah selaekftbs y ah btrbs tepbs ah fsbkefkeblhs, ah dfs Kbrths h elkdusb ahd Cbmehrlb. Xl råceohl ahobkrætekb lb sûdb hs fquåd hl quh hd pbahr prbkhah ahd puhmdb, selb quh tfomeål ahmh shr lbtf kfrfkthrïstekf ahd oesob quh hd puhmdb pfrtekeph hl dfs ahkeseblhs ahd pbahr. Hd hdhohltb ahobkrætekb sh hlkuhltrf hl> - Hd prelkepeb ah sbmhrflïf pbpudfr (frt. 6.=). - Hd ahrhkib ah pfrtekepfkeûl ah dbs keuafaflbs hl dbs fsultbs pþmdekbs (frt. =;). - Df rhprhshltfteveafa ah dfs Kæofrfs0 fsï hd frt. :: hstfmdhkh quh dfs Kbrths Chlhrfdhs Chlhrfdhs rhprhshltfl fd puhmdb hspföbd. - Hd brechl ah df nustekef0 fsï hd frt. 663 hstfmdhkh quh df nustekef hoflf ahd puhmdb.
• Hstfab ah Ahrhkib Lbs hlkbltrfobs flth ul Hstfab ah Ahrhkib kuflab aekib Hstfab sh hlkuhltrf brcflezfab pbr ul pbahr pbdïtekb0 hsth pbahr ahmhræ aektfr dfs lbrofs prhkesfs pfrf cfrfltezfr dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs ah dbs elaeveaubs y ah dbs crupbs hl quh sh elthcrfl, tuthdflab ah hstf oflhrf hd mehlhstfr kboþl. Hd Hstfab ah Ahrhkib hs pbr tfltb ul julafohltb ah luhstrf sbkehafa, yf quh brcflezf df kbouleafa pfrf quh tbabs sh sehltfl prbthceabs. Hl preohr ducfr, ify quh thlhr kdfrb quh df hxprhseûl Hstfab ah Ahrhkib, vehlh f kbljecurfr f fquåd Hstfab hl hd quh prhaboelf hd cbmehrlb ah dfs dhyhs. Xl Hstfab quh lb hstuvehrf sbohteab f ahrhkib, lb shrïf kblseahrfab kbob tfd.
Df eahf ahd Hstfab Hstfab ah Ahrhkib Ahrhkib pfrth ahd prelkepeb ah quh hd pbahr ahmh shr deoetfab0 supblh quh dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs y dbs keuafaflbs hstæl sbohteabs f df Kblstetukeûl y fd rhstb ahd brahlfoehltb nurïaekb, fsï kbob f ulf shreh ah prelkepebs ah fktufkeûl hltrh dbs quh pbahobs ahstfkfr dbs ah dhcfdeafa, errhtrbfkteveafa, nhrfrquïf lbroftevf, shcureafa nurïaekf y pumdekeafa ah dfs lbrofs.
Hd kfrækthr ahd Hstfab ah Ahrhkib eopdekf hd rhkblbkeoehltb y cfrfltïf ah ulf shreh ah ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs, hxprhsfohlth rhkbceabs hl hd Qïtudb E ah df Kblstetukeûl. Hd Hstfab ah Ahrhkib lb sûdb eopdekf quh dbs keuafaflbs y dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs hstæl sunhtbs f df Kblstetukeûl y fd rhstb ahd Brahlfoehltb Nurïaekb, selb tfomeål quh hd Brahlfoehltb ahmh prbkurfr dbs ohaebs pfrf quh df phrsblf fdkflkh su pdhlf aecleafa y puhaf ahsfrrbddfr demrhohlth su phrsblfdeafa. Fseoesob, hs kfrfkthrïstekf julafohltfd ahd Hstfab ah Ahrhkib df shpfrfkeûl ah pbahrhs, ah oflhrf quh kfaf ulb ah hddbs (Hnhkutevb, Dhcesdftevb y Nuaekefd) hs elahphlaehlth ah dbs ahoæs sel phrnuekeb ah df pbsemdh kbdfmbrfkeûl hltrh dbs oesobs.
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
63
haetbrefd } khp
Kbl rhsphktb f hsth thof if ah thlhrsh hl kuhltf hd frt. 5.; ah df Kblstetukeûl quh hlulkef ulf shreh ah prelkepebs ahd brahlfoehltb nurïaekb quh kblstetuyh ulf cfrfltïf sustflkefd ah db quh hd Hstfab a h Ahrhkib seclejekf, kblsfcrflab dbs secuehlths prelkepebs chlhrfdhs> - Wrelkepeb ah dhcfdeafa y nhrfrquïf lbroftevf0 hstbs prelkepebs supblhl quh dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs hstæl sunhtbs fd æometb ah sus kbophthlkefs, y lb puhahl sbmrhpfsfrdbs. - Wrelkepeb ah pumdekeafa ah dfs lbrofs y prelkepeb ah shcureafa shcureafa nurïaekf0 hstbs hstbs prelkepebs fshcurfl quh tbabs dbs keuafaflbs kblbzkfl sus ahrhkibs y bmdecfkeblhs y puhafl prhvhr dfs kblshkuhlkefs ah sus fktbs. - Wrelkepeb ah errhtrbfkteveafa ah dfs lbrofs lb jfvbrfmdhs b rhstrektevfs rhstrektevfs ah ahrhkibs elaeveaufdhs. - Wrelkepeb ah elthraekkeûl ah df frmetrfrehafa y prelkepeb ah rhspblsfmedeafa ah dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs, ah jbrof quh dbs oesobs sunhthl su fkteveafa f dbs pbahrhs ahd Hstfab.
m. Zfdbrhs suphrebr suphrebrhs hs ahd Brahlfoe Brahlfoehltb hltb Nurïaekb [bl dbs bmnhtevbs oæxeobs b dbs eahfdhs quh hd Hstfab prbpuclf pfrf quh puhafl shr rhfdezfabs pbr hd brahlfoehltb nurïaekb, db quh eopdekf, quh tbafs dfs lbrofs ahmhl elsperfrsh hl hddbs. Dbs rhkbch hd frt. 6.6 y sbl> - Df demhrtfa. - Df nustekef. - Df ecufdafa. - Hd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb.
• Df demhrtfa Df demhrtfa sh rhkblbkh hxprhsfohlth kbob ul ahrhkib hl hd frt. 63 ah df Kblstetukeûl quh hstfmdhkh quh> —Qbaf phrsblf tehlh ahrhkib f df demhrtfa y f df shcureafa‟. Ecufdohlth, hd thxtb kblstetukeblfd rhkbch df demhrtfa hl tbafs sus oflejhstfkeblhs0 fsï sh ahsfrrbddf kbob> Demhrtfa jïsekf Dbs frts. 63 y 65 KH rhkbchl hd tehopb oæxeob ah ahthlkeûl prhvhltevf y hd prbkhaeoehltb ah ifmhfs kbrpus pfrf dbs ahthleabs edhcfdohlth, fsï kbob df demhrtfa ah rhseahlkef y kerkudfkeûl. Demhrtfa ah phlsfoehltb Hd frt. 6: rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib f df demhrtfa eahbdûcekf y rhdecebsf. Demhrtfa ah hxprhseûl y ah eljbrofkeûl ]hkbceaf hl frt. =7. Ahrhkib f hnhrkhr df demhrtfa ah jbrof elaeveaufd y kbdhktevf Ah hsth obab hd frt. == rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib ah fsbkefkeûl y hd frt. =6 hd ahrhkib ah rhuleûl.
69
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
Ahrhkib f hnhrkhr df demhrtfa pfrf pfrtekepfr hl fsultbs pþmdekbs Hstf demhrtfa sh puhah hnhrkhr aerhktfohlth b f trfvås ah rhprhshltflths de mrhohlth hdhceabs hl hdhkkeblhs phreûaekfs ohaeflth sujrfceb ulevhrsfd (frt. =; KH). Ohaebs pfrf ahjhlahr df demhrtfa [h kbljecurf kbob hd ahrhkib f bmthlhr df tuthdf hjhktevf ah dbs Nuhkhs y Qremulfdhs sel quh, kbljbroh hstepudf hd prbpeb thxtb kblstetukeblfd, puhaf prbaukersh elahjhlseûl (frt. =1 KH). Df demhrtfa hs ul vfdbr quh fpfrhkh tfomeål eljbroflab hd Qïtudb Wreohrb. Hd frtïkudb 67 aekh hxprhsfohlth> —Df aecleafa ah df phrsblf, dbs ahrhkibs elvebdfmdhs quh dh sbl elihrhlths, hd demrh ahsfrrbddb ah df phrsblfdeafa, hd rhsphtb f df dhy y f dbs ahrhkibs ah dbs ahoæs sbl julafohltbs ahd brahl pbdïtekb y ah df pfz sbkefd‟. Kbrrhspblah f dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs prbobvhr dfs kblaekeblhs pfrf quh df demhrtfa y df ecufdafa ahd elaeveaub y ah dbs crupbs hl quh sh elthcrf shfl rhfdhs y hjhktevfs0 rhobvhr dbs bmstækudbs quh eopeafl b aejekudthl su pdhletua y jfkedetfr df pfrtekepfkeûl ah tbabs dbs keuafaflbs hl df veaf pbdïtekf, hkblûoekf, kudturfd y sbkefd.
• Df nustekef Hd vfdbr suphrebr ah df nustekef sh prbyhktf sbmrh oukibs frtïkudbs ah df Kblstetukeûl0 hsth vfdbr faquehrh hsphkefd rhdhvflkef hl hd Qïtudb ZE quh hstfmdhkh dfs mfshs ah brcflezfkeûl ah df Faoelestrfkeûl ah nustekef. Df nustekef hs hd elstruohltb kbl hd kufd sh kblsecuh quh df demhrtfa y df ecufdafa shfl ah fpdekfkeûl pfrf tbabs dbs keuafaflbs. Hd frt. 663 ah df Kblstetukeûl hstfmdhkh quh df nustekef hoflf ahd puhmdb y sh faoelestrf hl lbomrh ahd ]hy pbr Nuhkhs y Ofcestrfabs elthcrflths ahd Wbahr Nuaekefd, elahphlaehlths, elfobvemdhs, rhspblsfmdhs y sbohteabs þlekfohlth fd eophreb ah df dhy. Df pfdfmrf —nustekef‟ lb sh utedezf hl hd shlteab ah ifkhr nustekef, selb quh sh hopdhf hl kblsblflkef kbl hd frt. 6.= ah df Kblstetukeûl quh hstfmdhkh quh df sbmhrflïf lfkeblfd rhseah hl hd puhmdb ahd quh hoflfl dbs pbahrhs ahd Hstfab0 hl hsth shlteab hd pbahr nuaekefd, kbob hd ah dbs rhstflths pbahrhs ahd Hstfab, hoflf ahd puhmdb. Ecufdohlth, kbob sh ahsprhlah ahd frt. =1 KH, ahmh ahstfkfrsh hd ahrhkib ah tbaf phrsblf f bmthlhr df tuthdf hjhktevf ah dbs nuhkhs y tremulfdhs hl hd hnhrkekeb ah sus ahrhkibs h elthrhshs dhcïteobs. Jelfdohlth, df Kblstetukeûl hl su frt. 665 kblsfcrf hd prelkepeb ah crftueafa ah df nustekef, hl dbs kfsbs hl quh fsï db hstfmdhzkf df dhy, y, hl tbab kfsb, rhsphktb ah quehlhs fkrhaethl elsujekehlkef ah rhkursbs pfrf detecfr.
• Df ecufdafa Wrelkepeb ah ecufdafa flth df dhy Hd frt. 61 KH hstfmdhkh quh dbs hspföbdhs sbl ecufdhs flth df dhy, sel quh puhaf prhvfdhkhr aeskreoelfkeûl fdculf pbr rfzûl ah lfkeoehltb, rfzf, shxb, rhdeceûl, bpeleûl b kufdquehr btrf kblaekeûl b kerkulstflkef phrsblfd b sbkefd. Hstf ecufdafa ahmh hlthlahrsh hl hd shlteab oflejhstfab pbr hd Qremulfd Kblstetukeblfd fd fjerofr quh —df ecufdafa hs hd trftfoehltb ahsecufd ah dfs setufkeblhs ahsecufdhs‟. Hd prelkepeb ah ecufdafa flth df dhy sh hlkuhltrf fseoesob kblsfcrfab f db dfrcb ahd Qïtudb Wreohrb ah df Kblstetukeûl, kuflab sh kbljecurfl dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs julafohltfdhs.
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
65
haetbrefd } khp
Kboprboesb ah dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs Hd frt. 5.= KH hstfmdhkh quh kbrrhspblah f dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs prbobvhr dfs kblaekeblhs pfrf quh df ecufdafa shf rhfd y hjhktevf, rhobvehlab dbs bmstækudbs quh eopeafl b aejekudthl su pdhletua. Hd frt. 17 KH hstfmdhkh quh dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs prbobvhræl dfs kblaekeblhs jfvbrfmdhs pfrf ulf aestremukeûl ah df rhltf rhceblfd y phrsblfd oæs hquetftevf. Hd Kfpïtudb ;¾ ahd Qïtudb E ah df Kblstetukeûl, frts. ;5 f 8=, rhkbch dbs prelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf, hltrh dbs quh sh hstfmdhkhl dbs kboprboesbs ah dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs hl brahl f ifkhr hjhktevb hd prelkepeb ah ecufdafa. Ecufdafa ah dbs hspföbdhs hl tbab hd thrretbreb ahd Hstfab Frt. 6;5.6 KH> —Qbabs dbs hspföbdhs tehlhl dbs oesobs ahrhkibs y bmdecfkeblhs hl kufdquehr pfrth ahd thrretbreb ahd Hstfab‟.
• Hd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb Hd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb kbob vfdbr suphrebr ahd brahlfoehltb nurïaekb tehlh su prelkepfd oflejhstfkeûl hl hd frt. : ah df Kblstetukeûl quh hstfmdhkh> —Dbs pfrteabs pbdïtekbs hxprhsfl hd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb, kblkurrhl f df jbrofkeûl y oflejhstfkeûl ah df vbdultfa pbpudfr y sbl elstruohltb julafohltfd pfrf df pfrtekepfkeûl pbdïtekf‟. Hl hsth oesob shlteab sh hxprhsf hd frt. 3 ah df Kblstetukeûl> —Dbs selaekftbs ah trfmfnfabrhs y dfs fsbkefkeblhs hoprhsfrefdhs kbltremuyhl f df ahjhlsf y prbobkeûl ah dbs elthrhshs sbkefdhs y hkblûoekbs quh dhs sbl prbpebs‟. Lb bmstflth db flthrebr, hd thxtb kblstetukeblfd kbltehlh oþdtepdhs rhjhrhlkefs quh kbljbrofl df mfsh sbmrh df quh sh fsehltf df hxesthlkef ah dbs pfrteabs pbdïtekbs kbob hxprhseûl ahd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb, fsï> - Hd frt. 67 KH rhkblbkh hd demrh ahsfrrbddb ah df phrsblfdeafa. - Hd frt. 61 KH hstfmdhkh df lb aeskreoelfkeûl pbr rfzûl ah bpeleûl. - Hd frt. 6: KH rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib f df demhrtfa eahbdûcekf y rhdecebsf. - Hd frt. =7 KH rhkblbkh rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib f df demhrtfa ah hxprhseûl, ah phlsfoehltb, ah eahfs, htk. - Dbs frts. =6, == y =; KH rhkblbkhl dbs ahrhkibs ah rhuleûl, fsbkefkeûl y pfrtekepfkeûl hl dbs fsultbs pþmdekbs. Zestb hd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb, if ah thlhrsh hl kuhltf quh ify tfomeål btrfs oflejhstfkeblhs ahd pdurfdesob, kbob puhahl shr> - Wdurfdesob delcôïstekb, kbob kblshkuhlkef ah df kbljecurfkeûl ahd ahd Hstfab futblûoekb (frts. =, y ;). - Hd pdurfdesob selaekfd (frt. =9). - Hd pdurfdesob prbjhseblfd, prbjhseblfd, (frts. ;: y 8=), kblstetuyålabsh kblstetuyålabsh kbdhcebs prbjhseblfdhs.
k. [bmhrflïf lfkeblfd Df sbmhrflïf lfkeblfd rhseah hl hd puhmdb hspföbd, ahd quh hoflfl dbs pbahrhs ahd Hstfab (frt. 6.=).
=7
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
a. Jbrof pbdïtekf ahd Hstfab Df jbrof pbdïtekf ahd Hstfab hspföbd hs df Oblfrquïf Wfrdfohltfref (frt. 6.;).
M. Xleafa ah df Lfkeûl hspföbdf y rhkblbkeoehltb ahd ahrhkib f df futblboïf Df Kblstetukeûl sh julafohltf hl df elaesbdumdh uleafa ah df Lfkeûl hspföbdf, pftref kboþl h elaevesemdh ah tbabs dbs hspföbdhs, y rhkblbkh y cfrfltezf hd ahrhkib f df futblboïf ah dfs lfkeblfdeafahs y rhceblhs quh df elthcrfl y df sbdeafreafa hltrh tbafs hddfs (frt. =). Hstfobs jrhlth f db quh sh ahjelh kbob ul hstfab ahskhltrfdezfab. Hsth kfrækthr sh ahsprhlah ahd prbpeb frtïkudb = ahd thxtb kblstetukeblfd, kuflab hxprhsf quh —Df Kblstetukeûl sh julafohltf hl df elaesbdumdh uleafa ah df Lfkeûl hspföbdf...‟ y f df vhz rhkblbkh y cfrfltezf —df futblboïf ah dfs lfkeblfdeafahs y rhceblhs quh df elthcrfl y df sbdeafreafa hltrh tbafs hddfs‟. Wbahobs fjerofr quh uleafa y futblboïf lb sbl kblkhptbs kbltrfpuhstbs, selb kbopdhohltfrebs. Df uleafa eopdekf quh hxesth ulf brcflezfkeûl, quh hs hd Hstfab, pfrf tbab hd thrretbreb lfkeblfd0 phrb dbs ûrcflbs ahd Hstfab lb bsthltfl tbab hd pbahr, hd kufd sh aestremuyh fahoæs hltrh dbs oulekepebs, dfs prbvelkefs y dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs quh sh kblstetuyfl, thlehlab tbabs hddbs futblboïf pfrf df chsteûl ah sus rhsphktevbs elthrhshs.
Nultb f dbs prelkepebs ah uleafa uleafa y futblboïf, ihobs ah ifkhr ifkhr rhjhrhlkef f dbs ah sbdeafreafa h ecufdafa hltrh tbafs dfs zblfs ahd thrretbreb lfkeblfd, db quh eopdekf df bmdecfkeûl ah eophaer prevedhcebs ah ulfs rhsphktb f btrfs.
K. Eaebof bjekefd ahd Hstfab Hd kfsthddflb hs df dhlcuf bjekefd ahd Hstfab. Qbabs dbs hspföbdhs tehlhl hd ahmhr ah kblbkhrdf y hd ahrhkib f usfrdf (frt. ;.6). Dfs ahoæs dhlcufs hspföbdfs shræl tfomeål bjekefdhs hl dfs rhsphktevfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs ah fkuhrab kbl sus Hstftutbs (frt. ;.=). Df requhzf ah dfs aesteltfs obafdeafahs delcôïstekfs ah Hspföf hs ul pftreobleb kudturfd quh shræ bmnhtb ah hsphkefd rhsphtb y prbthkkeûl (frt. ;.;).
A. Df mflahrf ah Hspföf y df ah dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs Df mflahrf ah Hspföf hstæ jbrofaf pbr trhs jrflnfs ibrezbltfdhs, rbnf, fofreddf y rbnf, sehlab df fofreddf ah abmdh flkiurf quh kfaf ulf ah dfs rbnfs (frt. 1.6). Dbs Hstftutbs pbaræl rhkblbkhr mflahrfs y hlshöfs prbpefs ah dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs. Hstfs sh utedezfræl nultb f df mflahrf ah Hspföf hl sus haejekebs pþmdekbs y hl sus fktbs bjekefdhs (frt. 1.=).
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
=6
haetbrefd } khp
H. Df kfpetfd ahd Hstfab Hs df veddf ah Ofarea (frt. 8).
J. Wfrteabs Wfrteabs pbdïtekbs Dbs pfrteabs pbdïtekbs hxprhsfl hd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb, kblkurrhl f df jbrofkeûl y oflejhstfkeûl ah df vbdultfa pbpudfr y sbl elstruohltb julafohltfd pfrf df pfrtekepfkeûl pbdïtekf. [u krhfkeûl y hd hnhrkekeb ah su fkteveafa sbl demrhs ahltrb ahd rhsphtb f df Kblstetukeûl y f df dhy. [u hstrukturf elthrlf y julkeblfoehltb ahmhræl shr ahobkrætekbs (frt. :).
C. [elaekftbs y fsbkefkeblhs hoprhsfrefdhs Dbs selaekftbs ah trfmfnfabrhs y dfs fsbkefkeblhs hoprhsfrefdhs kbltremuyhl f df ahjhlsf ah dbs elthrhshs hkblûoekbs y sbkefdhs quh dhs sbl prbpebs. [u krhfkeûl y hd hnhrkekeb ah su fkteveafa sbl demrhs ahltrb ahd rhsphtb f df Kblstetukeûl y f df dhy. [u hstrukturf elthrlf y julkeblfoehltb ahmhræl shr ahobkrætekbs (frt. 3).
I. Dfs Juhrzfs Frofafs Kblstetueafs pbr hd Hnårketb ah Qehrrf, df Frofaf y hd Hnårketb ahd Ferh, tehlhl kbob oeseûl cfrfltezfr df sbmhrflïf h elahphlahlkef ah Hspföf, ahjhlahr su elthcreafa thrretbrefd y hd brahlfoehltb kblstetukeblfd (frt. 9.6). Xlf dhy brcælekf rhcudfræ dfs mfshs ah df brcflezfkeûl oedetfr kbljbroh f dbs prelkepebs ah df Kblstetukeûl (frt. 9.=).
E. Wrelkepeb ah dhcfdeafa y cfrfltïfs nurïaekfs Dbs keuafaflbs y dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs hstæl sunhtbs f df Kblstetukeûl y fd rhstb ahd brahlfoehltb nurïaekb (frt. 5.6 KH), kbl db quh sh pblh ah oflejehstb quh df Kblstetukeûl Kblstetukeûl,, phrthlhkehlab fd brahlfoehltb nurïae nur ïaekb kb hsp hspföb föbd,d, kbl kblste stetuy tuyhh df df lbro lbroff suph suphreb rebrr y jul julafo afohlt hltfd, fd, kþs kþspea peahh ah df per peræoe æoeah ah lb lbrof roftev tevf. f. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs hstæl bmdecfabs f prbobvhr dfs kblaekeblhs pfrf quh df demhrtfa y df ecufdafa ahd elaeveaub y ah dbs crupbs hl quh sh elthcrf shfl rhfdhs y hjhktevfs, rhobvehlab dbs bmstækudbs quh eopeafl b aejekudthl su pdhletua y jfkedetflab df pfrtekepfkeûl ah tbabs dbs keuafaflbs hl df veaf pbdïtekf, hkblûoekf, kudturfd y sbkefd (frt. 5.= KH), cfrfltezflab fd hjhktb ulbs prelkepebs mæsekbs hl hd frt. 5.; ah df Kblstetukeûl> 6) Wrelkepeb ah dhcfdeafa> tbafs dfs fktufkeblhs sh kblaekeblfl fd eophreb ah df dhy, tfltb dfs ah dbs keuafaflbs kbob dfs ah df Faoelestrfkeûl. =) Wrelkepeb ah pumdekeafa ah dfs lbrofs> Hstf cfrfltïf fpfrhkh kbob kblshkuhlkef elhduktfmdh ah df prbkdfofkeûl ah Hspföf kbob ul Hstfab ah ahrhkib, y sh hlkuhltrf hl ïlteof rhdfkeûl kbl hd prelkepeb ah shcureafa nurïaekf. Hl hsth shlteab hd frtïkudb =.6 ahd Kûaecb Keved hstfmdhkh quh> —Dfs dhyhs hltrfræl hl vecbr f dbs vhelth aïfs ah su kbopdhtf pumdekfkeûl hl hd «Mbdhtïl
Bjekefd ahd Hstfab°, se hl hddfs lb sh aespblh btrf kbsf‟.
;) Wrelkepeb ah nhrfrquïf lbroftevf> hd brahlfoehltb nurïaekb sh hstrukturf ah oflhrf nhrærquekf, ah obab quh ulfs lbrofs pbshhl rflcb suphrebr f btrfs. Df lbrof julafohltfd hs
==
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
df Kblstetukeûl y f hddf sh sumbraelfl dfs ahoæs dhyhs, tfltb hl su kblthleab kbob hl su prbkhaeoehltb. 1) Wrelkepeb ah errhtrbfkteveafa ah dfs aespbsekeblhs sflkeblfabrfs lb jfvbrfmdhs b rhstrektevfs ah ahrhkibs elaeveaufdhs> Df errhtrbfkteveafa seclejekf quh df dhy sh fpdekfræ fd juturb y lb fd pfsfab, prelkepeb rhkbceab pbr hd Kûaecb Keved hl hd frtïkudb quh =.; hstfmdhkh quh —dfs dhyhs lb thlaræl hjhktb rhtrbfktevb, se lb aespusehrhl db kbltrfreb‟ y hl hd Kûaecb Whlfd hl hd frtïkudb = quh aespblh quh> —6. Lb shræ kfstecfab lelcþl ahdetb le jfdtf kbl phlf quh lb sh ifddh prhvestf pbr Dhy flthrebr
f su phrphtrfkeûl. Kfrhkhræl, ecufdohlth, ah hjhktb rhtrbfktevb dfs Dhyhs quh hstfmdhzkfl ohaeafs ah shcureafa. =. Lb bmstflth, thlaræl hjhktb rhtrbfktevb fquhddfs dhyhs phlfdhs quh jfvbrhzkfl fd rhb, fulquh fd hltrfr hl vecbr iumehrf rhkfïab shlthlkef jeroh y hd sunhtb hstuvehsh kuopdehlab kblahlf. Hl kfsb ah auaf sbmrh df ahthroelfkeûl ah df Dhy oæs jfvbrfmdh, shræ bïab hd rhb. Dbs ihkibs kbohteabs mfnb df vechlkef ah ulf Dhy thopbrfd shræl nuzcfabs, sel homfrcb, kbljbroh f hddf, sfdvb quh sh aespblcf hxprhsfohlth db kbltrfreb‟. 8) Wrelkepeb ah shcureafa nurïaekf> df fpdekfkeûl ah dfs lbrofs hxech su pumdekeafa. Ahd oesob obab, sh ahkdfrf df errhtrbfkteveafa ah dfs aespbsekeblhs lb jfvbrfmdhs y dfs quh shfl rhstrektevfs ah ahrhkibs elaeveaufdhs. :) Wrelkepeb ah rhspblsfmedeafa h elthraekkeûl ah df frmetrfrehafa ah dbs pbahrhs pbahrhs pþmdekbs> df Faoelestrfkeûl tfomeål hstæ sbohteaf fd eophreb ah df dhy y, kuflab fktþh hxkhaehlab ah dbs dïoeths dhcfdhs, shræ rhspblsfmdh ah dbs aföbs y phrnuekebs quh kfush pbr hddb.
QÏQXDB W]HDEOELF] JB]OF AHD H[QFAB H[WFÖBD>
Hstfab [bkefd y ahobkrætekb ah ahrhkib ZFDB]H[ [XWH]EB]H[ AHD B]AHLFOEHLQB NX]ÏAEKB - Demhrtfa - Nustekef - Ecufdafa - Wdurfdesob pbdïtekb [BMH]FLÏF LFKEBLFD JB]OF WBDÏQEKF AHD H[QFAB XLEAFA AH DF LFKEÛL H[WFÖBDF U ]HKBLBKEOEHLQB AHD AH]HKIB AH FXQBLBOÏF EAEBOF BJEKEFD> kfsthddflb MFLAH]F BJEKEFD AHD H[QFAB U AH KFAF KKFF K KFF KFWEQFD AHD H[QFAB> Zeddf ah Ofarea WF]QEAB[ WBDÏQEKB[ [ELAEKFQB[ U F[BKEFKEBLH[ HOW]H[F]EFDH[ DF[ JXH]^F[ F]OFAF[ W]ELKEWEB AH DHCFDEAFA U CF]FLQÏF[ NX]ÏAEKF[ Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
=;
haetbrefd } khp
=. QÏQXDB W]HDEO W]HDEOELF]. ELF]. AH]HKI AH]HKIB[ B[ U AHMH]H AHMH]H[[ JXLAFOHLQFDH[ AH DB[ KEXAFAFLB[ =.6 Kdfsejekfkeûl Dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs julafohltfdhs sh rhcudfl hl hd Qït udb E ah df Kblstetukeûl, quh kboehlzf kbl hd frtïkudb 67 y sh hstrukturf hl 8 kfpïtudbs> - Ah dbs hspföbdhs y dbs hxtrflnhrbs. - Ahrhkibs y Demhrtfahs, Demhrtfahs, (åsth f su vhz kbl abs shkkeblhs)> shkkeblhs)> ³
Ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs y demhrtfahs pþmdekfs.
³
Ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ah dbs keuafaflbs.
- Wrelkepebs ]hktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf. - Ah dfs cfrfltïfs cfrfltïfs ah dfs demhrtfahs y ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs. - Ah df susphlseûl ah dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs.
F. Frtïkudb 67 Hstfmdhkh kbob julafohltb ahd brahl pbdïtekb y df pfz sbkefd> - Df aecleafa ah df phrsblf. - Dbs ahrhkibs elvebdfmdhs quh dh sbl elihrhlths. - Hd rhsphtb f df dhy y f dbs ahrhkibs ah dbs ahoæs. - Hd demrh ahsfrrbddb ah df phrsblfdeafa. Ecufdohlth, hstfmdhkh quh dfs lbrofs rhdftevfs f dbs ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs y f dfs demhrtfahs quh df Kblstetukeûl rhkblbkh sh elthrprhtfræl ah kbljbroeafa kbl df Ahkdfrfkeûl Xlevhrsfd ah Ahrhkibs Iuoflbs y dbs Qrftfabs y Fkuhrabs Elthrlfkeblfdhs sbmrh dfs oesofs ofthrefs rftejekfabs pbr Hspföf.
M. Kfpïtudb Wreohrb —Ah dbs hspföbdhs y hxtrflnhrbs‟ - Frtïkudb 66> Lbrofs sbmrh lfkeblfdeafa. - Frtïkudb 6=> Ofybrïf ah hafa. - Frtïkudb 6;> Ahrhkibs ah dbs hxtrflnhrbs hl Hspföf.
K. Kfpïtudb [hculab —Ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs‟ - Frtïkudb 61> Wrelkepeb ah ecufdafa flth df Dhy. - [hkkeûl Wreohrf> Wreohrf> Ah dbs ahrhkibs ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs y ah dfs demhrtfahs pþmdekfs (frts. 68 f =5).
=1
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
- [hkkeûl [hculaf> [hculaf> Ah dbs ahrhkibs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ah dbs keuafaflbs (frts. ;7 f ;9).
A. Kfpïtudb Qhrkhrb —Ah dbs prelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf‟ Kboprhlah ahsah hd frt. ;5 ifstf hd frt. 8=, fombs elkdusevh.
H. Kfpïtudb Kufrtb —Ah dfs cfrfltïfs ah dfs demhrtfahs y ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs‟ ]hkbceafs hl dbs frts. 8; y 81.
J. Kfpïtudb Vueltb —Ah df susphlseûl ah dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs‟ [hcþl sh hstfmdhkh hl hd frt. 88.
H[Q]XKQX]F AHD QÏQXDB E AH DF KBL[QEQXKEÛL —AH DB[ AH]HKIB[ U AHMH]H[ JXLAFOHLQFDH[‟ QÏQXDB E> —AH DB[ AH]HKIB[ U AHMH]H[ JXLAFOHLQFDH[‟
F]QÏKXDB 67> Dbs ahrhkibs ah df phrsblf KFWÏQXDB E. Ah dbs hspföbdhs y dbs hxtrflnhrbs Frtïkudb 66> Lbrofs sbmrh lfkeblfdeafa Frtïkudb 6=> Ofybrïf ah hafa Frtïkudb 6;> Ahrhkibs ah dbs hxtrflnhrbs hl Hspföf KFWÏQXDB EE. Ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs. Frtïkudb 61> Ecufdafa flth df Dhy [hkkeûl E. Ah dbs ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs julafohltfdhs y ah dfs demhrtfahs pþmdekfs
Frts. 68 fd =5
[hkkeûl EE. Ah dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ah dbs keuafaflbs
Frts. ;7 fd ;9
KFWÏQXDB EEE. Ah dbs prelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf Frts. ;5 fd 8= KFWÏQXDB EZ. Ah dfs cfrfltïfs ah dfs demhrtfahs y ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs Frts. 8; y 81 KFWÏQXDB Z. Ah df susphlseûl ah dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs Frt. 88
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
=8
haetbrefd } khp
=.= Nustejekfkeûl y julafohltb Hd demrh hnhrkekeb ah dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs julafohltfdhs hs prhsupuhstb ah df ahobkrfkef y kblaekeûl y jel ah ul råceohl kblstetukeblfd. Df ahjhlsf ah hstbs ahrhkibs if ah shr ulf jelfdeafa hshlkefd ahd sesthof. Wbr hddb, hd Qïtudb E ah df Kblstetukeûl dbs rhkbch fopdefohlth, abtælabdbs fahoæs ah ul kblnultb ah cfrfltïfs y ohaebs ah ahjhlsf hsphkefdhs.
=.; Hluohrfkeûl F. Ah dbs hspföbdhs y hxtrflnhrbs (Kfpïtudb preohrb) f. Lbrofs sbmrh lfkeblfdeafa y ofybrïf ah hafa (frt. 66 y 6=) Df lfkeblfdeafa hspföbdf sh faquehrh, sh kblshrvf y sh pehrah ah fkuhrab kbl db hstfmdhkeab pbr df dhy. Lelcþl hspföbd ah brechl pbaræ shr prevfab ah su lfkeblfdeafa. Hd Hstfab pbaræ kblkhrtfr trftfabs ah abmdh lfkeblfdeafa kbl dbs pfïshs emhrbfohrekflbs b kbl fquhddbs quh ifyfl thleab b thlcfl ulf pfrtekudfr velkudfkeûl kbl Hspföf. Hl hstbs oesobs pfïshs, ful kuflab lb rhkblbzkfl f sus keuafaflbs ul ahrhkib rhkïprbkb, pbaræl lfturfdezfrsh dbs hspföbdhs sel phrahr pbr hddb su lfkeblfdeafa ah brechl. Dbs hspföbdhs sbl ofybrhs ah hafa f dbs 69 föbs.
m. Ah dbs hxtrflnhrbs (frt. 6;)
Vuhafl hxkdueabs ah df hxtrfaekeûl dbs ahdetbs pbdïtekbs, lb kblseahrælabsh kbob tfdhs dbs fktbs ah thrrbresob.
Dbs hxtrflnhrbs cbzfræl hl Hspföf ah dfs demhrtfahs pþmdekfs quh cfrfltezf hd Qïtudb E ah df Kblstetukeûl hl dbs tåroelbs quh hstfmdhzkfl dbs trftfabs y df dhy. [bdfohlth dbs hspföbdhs shræl tetudfrhs ah dbs ahrhkibs rhkblbkeabs hl hd frt. =;, sfdvb db quh, fthlaehlab f krethrebs ah rhkeprbkeafa, puhaf hstfmdhkhrsh pbr trftfab b dhy pfrf hd ahrhkib ah sujrfceb fktevb y pfsevb hl dfs hdhkkeblhs oulekepfdhs. Df hxtrfaekeûl sûdb sh kblkhahræ hl kuopdeoehltb ah ul trftfab b ah df dhy, fthlaehlab fd prelkepeb ah rhkeprbkeafa. Df dhy hstfmdhkhræ dbs tåroelbs hl quh dbs keuafaflbs ah btrbs pfïshs y dbs fpætreafs pbaræl cbzfr ahd ahrhkib ah fsedb hl Hspföf.
=:
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
M. Ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs (Kfpïtudb shculab) f. Ahrhkib f df ecufdafa (frt. 61) Dbs hspföbdhs sbl ecufdhs flth df dhy, sel quh puhaf prhvfdhkhr aeskreoelfkeûl fdculf pbr rfzûl ah lfkeoehltb, rfzf, shxb, rhdeceûl, bpeleûl b kufdquehr btrf kblaekeûl b kerkulstflkef phrsblfd b sbkefd.
m. Ah dbs Ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs y demhrtfahs pþmdekfs ([hkkeûl 6ª) • Ahrhkib f df veaf (frt. 68) - Qbabs tehlhl ahrhkib f df veaf y f df elthcreafa jïsekf y obrfd, sel quh hl lelcþl kfsb puhafl shr sbohteabs f tbrturf le f phlfs b trftbs eliuoflbs b ahcrfaflths. - Vuhaf fmbdeaf df phlf ah ouhrth, sfdvb db quh puhafl aespblhr dfs dhyhs phlfdhs oedetfrhs pfrf tehopbs ah cuhrrf (Wbr df Dhy Brcælekf 66/6558, ah =3 ah lbvehomrh, sh fmbdeû df phlf ah ouhrth hl tehopb ah cuhrrf).
• Demhrtfa eahbdûcekf, rhdecebsf y ah kudtb (frt. 6:) - [h cfrfltezf df demhrtfa eahbdûcekf, rhdecebsf y ah kudtb ah dbs elaeveaubs y dfs kbouleafahs sel oæs deoetfkeûl, hl sus oflejhstfkeblhs, quh df lhkhsfref pfrf hd oflthleoehltb ahd brahl pþmdekb prbthceab pbr df dhy. - Lfaeh pbaræ shr bmdecfab bmdecfab f ahkdfrfr sbmrh su eahbdbcïf, rhdeceûl b krhhlkefs. - Lelculf kbljhseûl thlaræ kfrækthr hstftfd. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs thlaræl hl kuhltf dfs krhhlkefs rhdecebsfs ah df sbkehafa hspföbdf y oflthlaræl dfs kblsecuehlths rhdfkeblhs ah kbbphrfkeûl kbl df Ecdhsef Kftûdekf y dfs ahoæs kbljhseblhs.
• Ahrhkib f df demhrtfa phrsblfd y f df shcureafa (frt. 63) - Qbaf phrsblf tehlh ahrhkib f df demhrtfa y f df shcureafa. Lfaeh puhah shr prevfab ah su demhrtfa, selb kbl df bmshrvflkef ah db hstfmdhkeab hl hsth frtïkudb y hl dbs kfsbs y hl df jbrof prhvestbs hl df dhy. - Df ahthlkeûl prhvhltevf lb pbaræ aurfr oæs ahd tehopb hstrektfohlth lhkhsfreb pfrf df rhfdezfkeûl ah dfs fvhrecufkeblhs thlahlths fd hskdfrhkeoehltb ah dbs ihkibs y, hl tbab kfsb, hl hd pdfzb oæxeob ah shthltf y abs ibrfs, hd ahthleab ahmhræ shr puhstb hl demhrtfa b f aespbsekeûl ah df futbreafa nuaekefd. - Qbaf phrsblf ahthleaf ahmh shr eljbrofaf ah jbrof elohaeftf, y ah obab quh dh shf kboprhlsemdh, ah sus ahrhkibs y ah dfs rfzblhs ah su ahthlkeûl, lb puaehlab shr bmdecfaf f ahkdfrfr. [h cfrfltezf df fsesthlkef ah fmbcfab fd ahthleab hl dfs aedechlkefs pbdekefdhs y nuaekefdhs, hl dbs tåroelbs quh df dhy hstfmdhzkf. - Df dhy rhcudfræ ul prbkhaeoehltb ah —ifmhfs kbrpus‟ pfrf prbauker df elohaeftf puhstf f aespbsekeûl nuaekefd ah tbaf phrsblf ahthleaf edhcfdohlth. Fseoesob, pbr dhy sh ahthroelfræ hd pdfzb oæxeob ah aurfkeûl ah df preseûl prbveseblfd. Hd frt. 63.1 ah df Kblstetukeûl if seab ahsfrrbddfab pbr df D.B. :/6591, ah =1 ah ofyb, ah rhcudfkeûl ahd prbkhaeoehltb ah Ifmhfs Kbrpus.
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
=3
haetbrefd } khp
• Ahrhkib fd iblbr, f df elteoeafa phrsblfd y jfoedefr y f df prbpef eofchl (frt. 69) - [h cfrfltezf hd ahrhkib fd iblbr, f df elteoeafa phrsblfd y jfoedefr y f df prbpef eofchl. - Hd aboekedeb hs elvebdfmdh. Lelculf hltrfaf b rhcestrb pbaræ ifkhrsh hl åd sel kblshlteoehltb ah su tetudfr b rhsbdukeûl nuaekefd, sfdvb hl kfsbs ah jdfcrflth ahdetb. - [h cfrfltezf hd shkrhtb ah dfs kboulekfkeblhs y, hl hsphkefd, ah dfs pbstfdhs, thdhcræjekfs y thdhjûlekfs, sfdvb rhsbdukeûl nuaekefd. - Df dhy deoetfræ hd usb ah df eljbroætekf eljbroætekf pfrf cfrfltezfr hd iblbr y df elteoeafa phrsblfd y jfoedefr ah dbs keuafaflbs y hd pdhlb hnhrkekeb ah sus ahrhkibs.
• Demhrtfa ah rhseahlkef y ah kerkudfkeûl (frt. 65) Dbs hspföbdhs tehlhl ahrhkib f hdhcer demrhohlth su rhseahlkef y f kerkudfr pbr hd thrretbreb lfkeblfd. Fseoesob, tehlhl ahrhkib f hltrfr y sfder demrhohlth ah Hspföf, hl dbs tåroelbs quh df dhy hstfmdhzkf. Hsth ahrhkib lb pbaræ shr deoetfab pbr obtevbs pbdïtekbs b eahbdûcekbs.
• Demhrtfa ah hxprhseûl (frt. =7) [h rhkblbkhl y prbthchl dbs ahrhkibs> f) F hxprhsfr y aejulaer demrhohlth dbs phlsfoehltbs, eahfs y bpeleblhs ohaeflth df pfdfmrf, hd hskretb b kufdquehr btrb ohaeb ah rhprbaukkeûl. m) F df prbaukkeûl y krhfkeûl dethrfref, frtïstekf, kehltïjekf y tåklekf. tåklekf. k) F df demhrtfa ah kætharf. a) F kboulekfr b rhkemer demrhohlth eljbrofkeûl vhrfz pbr kufdquehr ohaeb ah aejuseûl. Df dhy rhcudfræ hd ahrhkib f df kdæusudf ah kblkehlkef y fd shkrhtb prbjhseblfd hl hd hnhrkekeb ah hstfs demhrtfahs. Hd hnhrkekeb ah hstbs ahrhkibs lb puhah rhstrelcersh ohaeflth lelcþl tepb ah khlsurf prhvef. Df dhy rhcudfræ df brcflezfkeûl y hd kbltrbd pfrdfohltfreb ah dbs ohaebs ah kboulekfkeûl sbkefd ahphlaehlths ahd Hstfab b ah kufdquehr hlth pþmdekb y cfrfltezfræ hd fkkhsb f aekibs ohaebs ah dbs crupbs sbkefdhs y pbdïtekbs seclejekftevbs, rhsphtflab hd pdurfdesob ah df sbkehafa y ah dfs aevhrsfs dhlcufs ah Hspföf. Hstfs demhrtfahs tehlhl su dïoeth hl hd rhsphtb f dbs ahrhkibs rhkblbkeabs hl hsth Qïtudb, hl dbs prhkhptbs ah dfs dhyhs quh db ahsfrrbddhl y, hsphkefdohlth, hl hd ahrhkib fd iblbr, f df elteoeafa, f df prbpef eofchl y f df prbthkkeûl ah df nuvhltua y ah df eljflkef. [ûdb pbaræ fkbrafrsh hd shkuhstrb ah pumdekfkeblhs, crfmfkeblhs y btrbs ohaebs ah eljbrofkeûl hl vertua ah rhsbdukeûl nuaekefd.
• Ahrhkib ah rhuleûl (frt. =6) [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib ah rhuleûl pfkïjekf y sel frofs. Hd hnhrkekeb ah hsth ahrhkib lb lhkhsetfræ futbrezfkeûl prhvef. Hl dbs kfsbs ah rhuleblhs hl ducfrhs ah trælsetb pþmdekb y oflejhstfkeblhs sh afræ kboulekfkeûl prhvef f df futbreafa, quh sûdb pbaræ prbiemerdfs kuflab hxestfl rfzblhs julafafs ah fdthrfkeûl ahd brahl pþmdekb, kbl phdecrb pfrf phrsblfs b mehlhs.
=9
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
• Ahrhkib ah fsbkefkeûl (frt. ==) - [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib ah fsbkefkeûl. - Dfs fsbkefkeblhs quh phrsecfl jelhs b utedekhl ohaebs tepejekfabs kbob ahdetb sbl edhcfdhs. - Dfs fsbkefkeblhs kblstetueafs fd fopfrb ah hsth frtïkudb ahmhræl elskremersh hl ul rhcestrb f dbs sbdbs hjhktbs ah pumdekeafa. - Dfs fsbkefkeblhs sûdb pbaræl shr aesuhdtfs b susphlaeafs hl sus fkteveafahs hl vertua ah rhsbdukeûl nuaekefd obtevfaf. - [h prbiïmhl dfs fsbkefkeblhs shkrhtfs y dfs ah kfrækthr pfrfoedetfr.
• Ahrhkib ah pfrtekepfkeûl (frt. =;) Dbs keuafaflbs tehlhl hd ahrhkib f pfrtekepfr hl dbs fsultbs pþmdekbs, aerhktfohlth b pbr ohaeb ah rhprhshltflths, demrhohlth hdhceabs hl hdhkkeblhs phreûaekfs pbr sujrfceb ulevhrsfd. Fseoesob, tehlhl ahrhkib f fkkhahr hl kblaekeblhs ah ecufdafa f dfs julkeblhs y kfrcbs pþmdekbs, kbl dbs rhquesetbs quh shöfdhl dfs dhyhs.
• Ahrhkib f df tuthdf nuaekefd (frt. =1) - Qbafs dfs phrsblfs tehlhl ahrhkib f bmthlhr df tuthdf hjhktevf ah dbs nuhkhs y tremulfdhs hl hd hnhrkekeb ah sus ahrhkibs h elthrhshs dhcïteobs, sel quh, hl lelcþl kfsb, puhaf prbaukersh elahjhlseûl. - Fseoesob, tbabs tehlhl tehlhl ahrhkib fd Nuhz braelfreb braelfreb prhahthroelfab prhahthroelfab pbr df dhy, f df ahjhlsf ahjhlsf y f df fsesthlkef ah dhtrfab, f shr eljbrofabs ah df fkusfkeûl jbroudfaf kbltrf hddbs, f ul prbkhsb pþmdekb sel aedfkeblhs elahmeafs y kbl tbafs dfs cfrfltïfs, f utedezfr dbs ohaebs ah pruhmf phrtelhlths pfrf su ahjhlsf, f lb ahkdfrfr kbltrf sï oesobs, f lb kbljhsfrsh kudpfmdhs y f df prhsulkeûl ah elbkhlkef. - Df dhy rhcudfræ rhcudfræ dbs kfsbs hl quh, pbr rfzûl ah pfrhlthskb pfrhlthskb b ah shkrhtb prbjhseblfd, lb sh hstfræ hstfræ bmdecfab f ahkdfrfr sbmrh ihkibs prhsultfohlth ahdektevbs.
• Wrelkepeb ah dhcfdeafa phlfd (frt. =8) - Lfaeh puhah shr kblahlfab b sflkeblfab pbr fkkeblhs u boeseblhs quh hl hd obohltb obohltb ah prbaukersh lb kblstetuyfl ahdetb, jfdtf b eljrfkkeûl faoelestrftevf, shcþl df dhcesdfkeûl vechlth hl fquhd obohltb. - Dfs phlfs prevftevfs ah demhrtfa y dfs ohaeafs ah shcureafa hstfræl brehltfafs brehltfafs ifkef df rhhaukfkeûl y rhelshrkeûl sbkefd y lb pbaræl kblsester hl trfmfnbs jbrzfabs. Hd kblahlfab f phlf ah preseûl quh hstuvehrh kuopdehlab df oesof cbzfræ ah dbs ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs ah hsth Kfpïtudb, f hxkhpkeûl ah dbs quh sh vhfl hxprhsfohlth deoetfabs pbr hd kblthleab ahd jfddb kblahlftbreb, hd shlteab ah df phlf y df dhy phlethlkefref. Hl tbab kfsb, thlaræ ahrhkib f ul trfmfnb rhoulhrfab y f dbs mhlhjekebs kbrrhspblaehlths ah df [hcureafa [bkefd, fsï kbob fd fkkhsb f df kudturf y fd ahsfrrbddb elthcrfd ah su phrsblfdeafa. - Df Faoelestrfkeûl keved lb pbaræ eopblhr sflkeblhs quh, aerhktf b sumseaefrefohlth, eopdequhl prevfkeûl ah demhrtfa.
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
=5
haetbrefd } khp
• Wrbiemekeûl ah dbs Qremulfdhs ah Iblbr (frt. =:) [h prbiïmhl hl hd æometb ah df Faoelestrfkeûl keved y ah dfs brcflezfkeblhs prbjhseblfdhs.
• Ahrhkib f df haukfkeûl y demhrtfa ah hlshöflzf (frt. =3) - Qbabs tehlhl hd ahrhkib ahrhkib f df haukfkeûl. [h rhkblbkh rhkblbkh df demhrtfa ah hlshöflzf. - Df haukfkeûl thlaræ pbr bmnhtb hd pdhlb ahsfrrbddb ah df phrsblfdeafa iuoflf hl hd rhsphtb f dbs prelkepebs ahobkrætekbs ah kblvevhlkef y f dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs julafohltfdhs. - Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs cfrfltezfl hd ahrhkib quh fsesth f dbs pfarhs pfrf quh sus ienbs rhkerhkemfl df jbrofkeûl rhdecebsf y obrfd quh hstå ah fkuhrab kbl sus prbpefs kblvekkeblhs. - Df hlshöflzf mæsekf hs bmdecftbref y crftuetf. - Dbs pbahrhs pbahrhs pþmdekbs cfrfltezfl hd ahrhkib ahrhkib ah tbabs f df haukfkeûl, ohaeflth ulf prbcrfofkeûl chlhrfd ah df hlshöflzf, kbl pfrtekepfkeûl hjhktevf ah tbabs dbs shktbrhs fjhktfabs y df krhfkeûl ah khltrbs abkhlths. - [h rhkblbkh f dfs phrsblfs jïsekfs y nurïaekfs df demhrtfa ah krhfkeûl ah khltrbs abkhlths, ahltrb ahd rhsphtb f dbs prelkepebs kblstetukeblfdhs. - Dbs prbjhsbrhs, dbs pfarhs y, hl su kfsb, kfsb, dbs fduolbs elthrvhlaræl hl hd kbltrbd y chsteûl chsteûl ah tbabs dbs khltrbs sbsthleabs pbr df Faoelestrfkeûl kbl jblabs pþmdekbs, hl dbs tåroelbs quh df dhy hstfmdhzkf. - Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs elsphkkeblfræl y ibobdbcfræl hd sesthof haukftevb pfrf cfrfltezfr hd kuopdeoehltb ah dfs dhyhs. - Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs fyuafræl f dbs khltrbs abkhlths quh rhþlfl dbs rhquesetbs quh df dhy hstfmdhzkf. - [h rhkblbkh rhkblbkh df futblboïf ah dfs Xlevhrseafahs, hl dbs tåroelbs quh df dhy hstfmdhzkf.
• Ahrhkib ah selaekfkeûl y ah iuhdcf (frt. =9) - Qbabs tehlhl ahrhkib f selaekfrsh demrhohlth. Df dhy pbaræ deoetfr b hxkhptufr hd hnhrkekeb ah hsth ahrhkib f dfs Juhrzfs b Elstetutbs frofabs b f dbs ahoæs Kuhrpbs sbohteabs f aeskepdelf oedetfr y rhcudfræ dfs phkudefreafahs ah su hnhrkekeb pfrf dbs julkeblfrebs pþmdekbs. Df demhrtfa selaekfd kboprhlah hd ahrhkib f julafr selaekftbs y f fjedefrsh fd ah su hdhkkeûl, fsï kbob hd ahrhkib ah dbs selaekftbs f jbrofr kbljhahrfkeblhs y f jbrofr brcflezfkeblhs selaekfdhs elthrlfkeblfdhs b f fjedefrsh f dfs oesofs. Lfaeh pbaræ shr bmdecfab f fjedefrsh f ul selaekftb. - [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib f df iuhdcf ah dbs trfmfnfabrhs pfrf df ahjhlsf ah sus elthrhshs. Df dhy quh rhcudh hd hnhrkekeb ah hsth ahrhkib hstfmdhkhræ dfs cfrfltïfs prhkesfs pfrf fshcurfr hd oflthleoehltb ah dbs shrvekebs hshlkefdhs ah df kbouleafa.
• Ahrhkib ah phtekeûl (frt. =5) Qbabs dbs hspföbdhs tehlhl hd ahrhkib ah phtekeûl elaeveaufd y kbdhktevf, pbr hskretb, hl df jbrof y kbl dbs hjhktbs quh ahthroelh df dhy. Dbs oehomrbs ah dfs Juhrzfs b Elstetutbs frofabs b ah dbs Kuhrpbs sbohteabs f aeskepdelf oedetfr pbaræl hnhrkhrdb sûdb elaeveaufdohlth y kbl frrhcdb f db aespuhstb hl su dhcesdfkeûl hsphkïjekf.
;7
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
k. Ah dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ah dbs keuafaflbs ([hkkeûl =ª) • Ah kfrækthr sbkefd - Qbabs dbs hspföbdhs tehlhl hd ahmhr ah trfmfnfr y ahrhkib fd trfmfnb, f df demrh hdhkkeûl ah prbjhseûl u bjekeb, f df prbobkeûl f trfvås ahd trfmfnb y f ulf rhoulhrfkeûl sujekehlth pfrf sftesjfkhr sus lhkhseafahs y dfs ah su jfoedef, sel quh hl lelcþl kfsb puhaf ifkhrsh aeskreoelfkeûl pbr rfzûl ah shxb (frt. ;8). - Qbabs kbltremueræl fd sbsthleoehltb ah dbs cfstbs pþmdekbs ah fkuhrab kbl su kfpfkeafa hkblûoekf ohaeflth ul sesthof tremutfreb nustb elsperfab hl dbs prelkepebs ah ecufdafa y prbcrhseveafa quh, hl lelcþl kfsb, thlaræ fdkflkh kbljeskftbreb (frt. ;6). - Df dhy cfrfltezfræ hd ahrhkib f df lhcbkefkeûl kbdhktevf dfmbrfd hltrh dbs rhprhshltflths ah dbs trfmfnfabrhs y hoprhsfrebs, fsï kbob df juhrzf velkudflth ah dbs kblvhlebs. [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib ah dbs trfmfnfabrhs y hoprhsfrebs f fabptfr ohaeafs ah kbljdektb kbdhktevb. Df dhy quh rhcudh hd hnhrkekeb ah hsth ahrhkib, sel phrnuekeb ah dfs deoetfkeblhs quh puhafl hstfmdhkhr, elkdueræ dfs cfrfltïfs prhkesfs pfrf fshcurfr hd julkeblfoehltb ah dbs shrvekebs hshlkefdhs ah df kbouleafa (frt. ;3). - [h rhkblbkh df demhrtfa ah hoprhsf, hoprhsf, hl hd hd ofrkb ah df hkblboïf ah ohrkfab. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs cfrfltezfl y prbthchl su hnhrkekeb y df ahjhlsf ah df prbaukteveafa, ah fkuhrab kbl dfs hxechlkefs ah df hkblboïf chlhrfd y, hl su kfsb, ah df pdflejekfkeûl (frt. ;9).
• Ah kfrækthr phrsblfd - Hd ibomrh y df ounhr tehlhl ahrhkib f kbltrfhr oftreobleb kbl pdhlf ecufdafa nurïaekf (frt. ;=). - [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib f df prbpehafa prevfaf y f df ihrhlkef. Df julkeûl sbkefd ah hstbs ahrhkibs ahdeoetfræ su kblthleab, ah fkuhrab kbl dfs dhyhs. Lfaeh pbaræ shr prevfab ah sus mehlhs y ahrhkibs selb pbr kfusf nustejekfaf ah utedeafa pþmdekf b elthrås sbkefd, ohaeflth df kbrrhspblaehlth elaholezfkeûl y ah kbljbroeafa kbl db aespuhstb pbr dfs dhyhs (frt. ;;). - [h rhkblbkh rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib ah julafkeûl pfrf jelhs ah elthrås chlhrfd kbl frrhcdb f df Dhy (frt. ;1).
• Ah kfrækthr chlhrfd - Ahrhkib y ahmhr ah ahjhlahr Hspföf (frt. ;7.6)> —Dbs hspföbdhs tehlhl hd ahrhkib ahrhkib y hd ahmhr ah ahjhlahr f Hspföf‟. - Ahrhkib f df bmnhkeûl ah kblkehlkef (frt. ;7.=)> —Df dhy jenfræ dfs bmdecfkeblhs oedetfrhs ah dbs hspföbdhs y rhcudfræ, kbl dfs ahmeafs cfrfltïfs, df bmnhkeûl ah kblkehlkef, fsï kbob dfs ahoæs kfusfs ah hxhlkeûl ahd shrvekeb oedetfr bmdecftbreb, puaehlab eopblhr, hl su kfsb, ulf prhstfkeûl sbkefd sustetutbref‟. - Ahmhrhs hl kfsb ah rehscb, kftæstrbjh kftæstrbjh b kfdfoeafa pþmdekf (frt. ;7.1)> —Ohaeflth dhy pbaræl rhcudfrsh dbs ahmhrhs ah dbs keuafaflbs hl dbs kfsbs ah crfvh rehscb, kftæstrbjh b kfdfoeafa pþmdekf‟.
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
;6
haetbrefd } khp
AH]HKIB[ JXLAFOHLQFDH[ U DEMH]QFAH[ WÞMDEKF[ - Ahrhkib f df veaf
- Demhrtfa ah hxprhseûl
- Demhrtfa ah rhseahlkef y kerkudfkeûl
- Demhrtfa eahbdûcekf, rhdecebsf y ah kudtb
- Ahrhkib ah rhuleûl - Wrelkepeb ah dhcfdeafa phlfd - Ahrhkib f df demhrtfa phrsblfd y f df shcureafa - Ahrhkib ah pfrtekepfkeûl - Ahrhkib f df haukfkeûl y demhrtfa ah hlshöflzf - Ahrhkib ah selaekfkeûl y iuhdcf
- Ahrhkib ah fsbkefkeûl - Ahrhkib f df tuthdf nuaekefd - Wrbiemekeûl ah dbs Qremulfdhs ah Iblbr - Ahrhkib ah phtekeûl - Ahrhkib fd iblbr, f df elteoeafa phrsblfd y jfoedefr y f df prbpef eofchl
AH]HKIB[ U AHMH]H[ AH DB[ KEXAFAFLB[ - Ah kfrækthr sbkefd - Ah kfrækthr phrsblfd - Ah kfrækthr chlhrfd
K. Wrelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf (Kfpïtudb thrkhrb) f. Wrbthkkeûl f df jfoedef y f df eljflkef (frt. ;5) Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs fshcurfl df prbthkkeûl sbkefd, hkblûoekf y nurïaekf ah df jfoedef. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs fshcurfl, fseoesob, df prbthkkeûl elthcrfd ah dbs ienbs, ecufdhs åstbs flth df dhy kbl elahphlahlkef ah su jedefkeûl, y ah dfs ofarhs, kufdquehrf quh shf su hstfab keved. Df dhy pbsemedetfræ df elvhstecfkeûl ah df pfthrleafa. Dbs pfarhs ahmhl prhstfr fsesthlkef ah tbab brahl f dbs ienbs ifmeabs ahltrb b juhrf ahd oftreobleb, aurflth su oelbrïf ah hafa y hl dbs ahoæs kfsbs hl quh dhcfdohlth prbkhaf. Dbs leöbs cbzfræl ah df prbthkkeûl prhvestf hl dbs fkuhrabs elthrlfkeblfdhs quh vhdfl pbr sus ahrhkibs.
m. Wrbcrhsb sbkefd y hkblûoekb. Wbdïtekf dfmbrfd (frt. 17) Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs prbobvhræl dfs kblaekeblhs jfvbrfmdhs pfrf hd prbcrhsb sbkefd y hkblûoekb y pfrf ulf aestremukeûl ah df rhltf rhceblfd y phrsblfd oæs hquetftevf, hl hd ofrkb ah ulf pbdïtekf ah hstfmedeafa hkblûoekf. Ah oflhrf hsphkefd rhfdezfræl ulf pbdïtekf brehltfaf fd pdhlb hopdhb.
;=
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
Fseoesob, dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs jbohltfræl ulf pbdïtekf quh cfrfltekh df jbrofkeûl y rhfafptfkeûl prbjhseblfdhs0 vhdfræl pbr df shcureafa h iecehlh hl hd trfmfnb y cfrfltezfræl hd ahskflsb lhkhsfreb, ohaeflth df deoetfkeûl ah df nbrlfaf dfmbrfd, dfs vfkfkeblhs phreûaekfs rhtremueafs y df prbobkeûl ah khltrbs fahkufabs.
k. ]åceohl pþmdekb ah [hcureafa [bkefd (frt. 16) Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs oflthlaræl ul råceohl pþmdekb ah [hcureafa [bkefd pfrf tbabs dbs keuafaflbs quh cfrfltekh df fsesthlkef y prhstfkeblhs sbkefdhs sujekehlths flth setufkeblhs ah lhkhseafa, hsphkefdohlth hl kfsb ah ahshopdhb. Df fsesthlkef y prhstfkeblhs kbopdhohltfrefs shræl demrhs.
a. Ahrhkibs ah dbs hoecrflths (frt. 1=) Hd Hstfab vhdfræ hsphkefdohlth pbr df sfdvfcufraef ah dbs ahrhkibs hkblûoekbs y sbkefdhs ah dbs trfmfnfabrhs hspföbdhs hl hd hxtrflnhrb y brehltfræ su pbdïtekf ifkef su rhtbrlb.
h. Wrbthkkeûl ah df sfdua y jbohltb ahd ahpbrth (frt. 1;) [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib f df prbthkkeûl ah df sfdua. Kbophth f dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs brcflezfr y tuthdfr df sfdua pþmdekf f trfvås ah ohaeafs prhvhltevfs y ah dfs prhstfkeblhs y shrvekebs lhkhsfrebs. Df dhy hstfmdhkhræ dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ah tbabs fd rhsphktb. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs jbohltfræl df haukfkeûl sfletfref, df haukfkeûl jïsekf y hd ahpbrth. Fseoesob, jfkedetfræl df fahkufaf utedezfkeûl ahd bkeb.
j. Wrbobkeûl ah df kudturf, df kehlkef y df elvhstecfkeûl (frt. 11) Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs prbobvhræl y tuthdfræl hd fkkhsb f df kudturf, f df quh tbabs tehlhl ahrhkib. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs prbobvhræl df kehlkef y df elvhstecfkeûl kehltïjekf y tåklekf hl mhlhjekeb ahd elthrås chlhrfd.
c. Ahrhkib f aesjrutfr ahd ohaeb fomehlth y f df kfdeafa ah veaf (frt. 18) Qbabs tehlhl hd ahrhkib f aesjrutfr ah ul ohaeb fomehlth fahkufab pfrf hd ahsfrrbddb ah df phrsblf, fsï kbob hd ahmhr ah kblshrvfrdb. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs vhdfræl pbr df utedezfkeûl rfkeblfd ah tbabs dbs rhkursbs lfturfdhs, kbl hd jel ah prbthchr y ohnbrfr df kfdeafa ah df veaf y ahjhlahr y rhstfurfr hd ohaeb fomehlth, fpbyælabsh hl df elaesphlsfmdh sbdeafreafa kbdhktevf. Wfrf quehlhs vebdhl db aespuhstb hl hd fpfrtfab flthrebr, hl dbs tåroelbs quh df dhy jenh sh hstfmdhkhræl sflkeblhs phlfdhs b, hl su kfsb, faoelestrftevfs, fsï kbob df bmdecfkeûl ah rhpfrfr hd aföb kfusfab.
i. Kblshrvfkeûl y prbobkeûl ahd pftreobleb iestûrekb, kudturfd y frtïstekb (frt. 1:) Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs cfrfltezfræl df kblshrvfkeûl y prbobvhræl hd hlrequhkeoehltb ahd pftreobleb iestûrekb, kudturfd y frtïstekb ah dbs puhmdbs ah Hspföf y ah dbs mehlhs quh db elthcrfl, kufdquehrf Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
;;
haetbrefd } khp
quh shf su råceohl nurïaekb y su tetudfreafa. Df dhy phlfd sflkeblfræ dbs fthltfabs kbltrf hsth pftreobleb.
e. Ahrhkib f ulf vevehlaf aeclf y fahkufaf (frt. 13) Qbabs dbs hspföbdhs tehlhl ahrhkib f aesjrutfr ah ulf vevehlaf aeclf y fahkufaf. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs prbobvhræl dfs kblaekeblhs lhkhsfrefs y hstfmdhkhræl dfs lbrofs phrtelhlths pfrf ifkhr hjhktevb hsth ahrhkib, rhcudflab df utedezfkeûl ahd suhdb ah fkuhrab kbl hd elthrås chlhrfd pfrf eophaer df hsphkudfkeûl. Df kbouleafa pfrtekepfræ hl dfs pdusvfdïfs quh chlhrh df fkkeûl urmflïstekf ah dbs hlths pþmdekbs.
n. Wrbobkeûl ah df pfrtekepfkeûl ah df nuvhltua (frt. 19) Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs prbobvhræl dfs kblaekeblhs pfrf df pfrtekepfkeûl demrh y hjekfz ah df nuvhltua hl hd ahsfrrbddb pbdïtekb, sbkefd, hkblûoekb y kudturfd.
`. Wrbthkkeûl ah dbs aesoelueabs jïsekbs, psïquekbs y shlsbrefdhs (frt. 15) Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs rhfdezfræl ulf pbdïtekf ah prhveseûl, trftfoehltb, rhifmedetfkeûl h elthcrfkeûl ah dbs aesoelueabs jïsekbs, shlsbrefdhs y psïquekbs, f dbs quh prhstfræl df fthlkeûl hsphkefdezfaf quh rhquehrfl y dbs fopfrfræl hsphkefdohlth pfrf hd aesjruth ah dbs ahrhkibs quh hsth Qïtudb btbrcf f tbabs dbs keuafaflbs.
d. Wrbthkkeûl ah df thrkhrf hafa (frt. 87) Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs cfrfltezfræl, ohaeflth phlseblhs fahkufafs y phreûaekfohlth fktufdezfafs, df sujekehlkef hkblûoekf f dbs keuafaflbs aurflth df thrkhrf hafa. Fseoesob, y kbl elahphlahlkef ah dfs bmdecfkeblhs jfoedefrhs, prbobvhræl su mehlhstfr ohaeflth ul sesthof ah shrvekebs sbkefdhs quh fthlahræl sus prbmdhofs hsphkïjekbs ah sfdua, vevehlaf, kudturf y bkeb.
o. Ahjhlsf ah dbs kblsuoeabrhs y usufrebs (frt. 86) Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs cfrfltezfræl df ahjhlsf ah dbs kblsuoeabrhs y usufrebs, prbthcehlab, ohaeflth prbkhaeoehltbs hjekfkhs, df shcureafa, df sfdua y dbs dhcïteobs elthrhshs hkblûoekbs ah dbs oesobs. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs prbobvhræl df eljbrofkeûl y df haukfkeûl ah dbs kblsuoeabrhs y usufrebs, jbohltfræl sus brcflezfkeblhs y beræl f åstfs hl dfs kuhsteblhs quh puhafl fjhktfr f fquåddbs, hl dbs tåroelbs quh df dhy hstfmdhzkf. Hl hd ofrkb ah db aespuhstb pbr dbs fpfrtfabs flthrebrhs, df dhy rhcudfræ hd kbohrkeb elthrebr y hd råceohl ah futbrezfkeûl ah prbauktbs kbohrkefdhs.
l. Brcflezfkeblhs prbjhseblfdh prbjhseblfdhss (frt. 8=) Df dhy rhcudfræ dfs brcflezfkeblhs prbjhseblfdhs quh kbltremuyfl f df ahjhlsf ah dbs elthrhshs hkblûoekbs quh dhs shfl prbpebs. [u hstrukturf elthrlf y julkeblfoehltb ahmhræl shr ahobkrætekbs.
;1
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
=.1 Cfrfltïfs y susphlseûl F. Cfrfltïfs ah dfs demhrtfahs y ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs f. Chlhrfde Chlhrfdeafahs afahs Df Kblstetukeûl hspföbdf lb sh deoetf hl su Qïtudb E f rhkblbkhr ulf shreh ah ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs phrsblfdhs, pþmdekbs y hkblûoekb-sbkefdhs, selb quh fahoæs hstfmdhkh ulf shreh ah ohkflesobs aereceabs f cfrfltezfr hd rhsphtb ah hstbs ahrhkibs, tfltb pbr pfrth ah dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs kbob pbr pfrth ah dbs ahoæs keuafaflbs. Df Kblstetukeûl ifkh ulf aestelkeûl hltrh dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs julafohltfdhs (jbrofabs mæsekfohlth pbr dbs ahrhkibs phrsblfdhs y dbs kïvekb-pbdïtekbs) y dbs prelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf (hltrh dbs quh jecurfl df ofybrïf ah dbs ahrhkibs hkblûoekbs y sbkefdhs).
m. Wrbthkkeûl ah dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs Df Kblstetukeûl, hl su frt. 8;, aeshöf dbs secuehlths prbkhaeoehltbs ah prbthkkeûl> f) ]hcudfkeûl pbr dhy Dbs ahrhkibs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs rhkblbkeabs rhkblbkeabs hl hd Kfpïtudb shculab ahd ahd Qïtudb E (frts. 61 f ;9, fombs elkdusevh) velkudfl f tbabs dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs. [ûdb pbr dhy, quh hl hd kfsb ah dbs ahrhkibs rhkblbkeabs hl dbs frts. 68 f =5 thlaræ kfrækthr ah dhy brcælekf, pbaræ rhcudfrsh hd hnhrkekeb ah hstbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs, quh hl tbab kfsb ahmhræ rhsphtfr su kblthleab hshlkefd. m) Kbltrbd ah kblstetukeblfdeafa ah dfs dhyhs Qbabs dbs ahrhkibs rhkblbkeabs rhkblbkeabs hl hl hd Kfpïtudb shculab ahd Qïtudb E (frts. 68 f ;9 elkdusevh) hstæl prbthceabs nuresaekkeblfdohlth pbr abs vïfs> - ]hkursb ah elkblstetukeblfdeafa, pdflthfab aerhktfohlth fd Qremulfd Kblstetukeblfd, kbltrf kbltrf dhyhs dhyhs y aespbsekeblhs lbroftevfs kbl juhrzf ah dhy. - Kuhsteûl ah elkblstetukeblfdeafa, pdflthfaf flth hd Qremulfd Kblstetukeblfd, prhvef prhvef fprhkefkeûl fprhkefkeûl ah df elkblstetukeblfdeafa pbr df nuresaekkeûl braelfref. k) ]hkursb ah fopfrb Wbr vebdfkeûl vebdfkeûl ah dbs ahrhkibs ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs ([hkkeûl 6ª ahd Kfpïtudb [hculab> frts. 68 f =5), ahd ahrhkib f df ecufdafa (frt. 61) y ahd ahrhkib f df bmnhkeûl ah kblkehlkef (frt. ;7.=), sh pbaræ elthrpblhr flth hd Qremulfd Kblstetukeblfd rhkursb ah fopfrb, puaeålabdb elthrpblhr tbaf phrsblf lfturfd b nurïaekf quh elvbquh ul elthrås dhcïteob, fsï kbob hd Ahjhlsbr ahd Wuhmdb y hd Oelesthreb Jeskfd (frt. 6:= ah df KH). a) Wrbkhaeoehltb prhjhrhlth y suofreb suofreb Dbs oesobs ahrhkibs ketfabs hl hd fpfrtfab flthrebr hstæl prbthceabs prbthceabs flth ulf pbsemdh vebdfkeûl ah dbs oesobs. Fsï hd frt. 8;.= hstfmdhkh quh kufdquehr keuafaflb pbaræ rhkfmfr df tuthdf ah dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs rhkbceabs hl dbs frts. 61 f =5 flth dbs Qremulfdhs braelfrebs, pbr ul prbkhaeoehltb mfsfab hl dbs prelkepebs ah prhjhrhlkef y suofrehafa. ]hsphktb fd frt ;7.= ah df Kblstetukeûl, se mehl hd frt. 8;.= lb elkduyh hd ahrhkib f df bmnhkeûl ah kblkehlkef ahltrb ahd æometb ahd prbkhaeoehltb prhjhrhlth y suofreb, df Dhy Brcælekf 9/6591, ah
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
;8
haetbrefd } khp
=: ah aekehomrh, prhvå quh dbs rhkursbs nuresaekkeblfdhs frtekudfabs kbltrf dfs rhsbdukeblhs ahd Kblshnb Lfkeblfd ah df Bmnhkeûl ah Kblkehlkef quh ahlehcuhl hd rhkblbkeoehltb ah hsth ahrhkib shfl sustflkefabs pbr df vïf ahd prbkhaeoehltb fkhdhrfab ah prbthkkeûl ah dbs ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs. Kbltrf dfs rhsbdukeblhs nuaekefdhs rhkfïafs hl dbs prbkhaeoehltbs shöfdfabs pbaræ elthrpblhrsh rhkursb ah fopfrb flth hd Qremulfd Kblstetukeblfd.
k. Wrbthkkeûl ah dbs ahrhkibs hkblûoekbhkblûoekb-sbkefdhs sbkefdhs Df prbthkkeûl ah hstbs ahrhkibs quh hstæl kblthleabs hl hd Kfpïtudb thrkhrb ahd Qïtudb E (Ah dbs prelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf) hs oukib oæs aåmed, yf quh hd frt. 8;.; ah df Kblstetukeûl ahthroelf quh, fulquh hd rhkblbkeoehltb, rhsphtb y prbthkkeûl ah aekibs ahrhkibs eljbrofræ df dhcesdfkeûl pbsetevf, df præktekf nuaekefd y df fktufkeûl ah dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs, dbs oesobs sûdb pbaræl shr fdhcfabs flth df nuresaekkeûl braelfref ah fkuhrab kbl db quh aespblcfl dfs dhyhs quh dbs ahsfrrbddhl. Åstfs ahmhræl fnustfrsh fd kblthleab kblstetukeblfd ah dbs rhjhreabs prelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf, yf quh hl kfsb kbltrfreb kfmrïf kbltrf aekifs dhyhs rhkursb ah elkblstetukeblfdeafa, ah kbljbroeafa kbl hd frt. 6:6.f) ah df Kblstetukeûl.
M. [usphlseûl ah dbs ahrhkibs [X[WHL[EÛL AH DB[ AH]HKIB[ U DEMH]QFAH[ CHLH]FD
- Hstfab ah fdfrof - Hstfab ah hxkhpkeûl - Hstfab ah seteb ELAEZEAXFD
f. Ah jbrof chlhrfd (frt. 88.6) Kuflab sh fkuhrah df ahkdfrfkeûl ah dbs hstfabs ah hxkhpkeûl b ah seteb, pbaræl shr susphlaeabs dbs ahrhkibs rhkblbkeabs hl dbs frtïkudbs secuehlths> - Frtïkudb 63 6) Qbaf phrsblf tehlh ahrhkib f df demhrtfa y f df shcureafa. Lfaeh puhah shr shr prevfab ah su demhrtfa selb kbl df bmshrvflkef ahd kblthleab ah hsth frtïkudb y hl dbs kfsbs y jbrofs prhvestbs hl df dhy. =) Df ahthlkeûl prhvhltevf lb pbaræ aurfr oæs ahd tehopb hstrektfohlth lhkhsfreb pfrf df rhfdezfkeûl ah dfs fvhrecufkeblhs thlahlths fd hskdfrhkeoehltb ah dbs ihkibs y, hl tbab kfsb, hl hd pdfzb oæxeob ah 3= ibrfs, hd ahthleab ahmhræ shr puhstb hl demhrtfa b f aespbsekeûl ah df futbreafa nuaekefd.
;:
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
;) Qbaf phrsblf ahthleaf ahmh shr eljbrofaf ah jbrof elohaeftf, y ah obab quh dh shf kboprhlsemdh, ah sus ahrhkibs y ah dfs rfzblhs ah su ahthlkeûl, lb puaehlab shr bmdecfaf f ahkdfrfr. [h cfrfltezf df fsesthlkef ah fmbcfab fd ahthleab hl dfs aedechlkefs pbdekefdhs y nuaekefdhs, hl dbs tåroelbs quh df dhy hstfmdhzkf. Dbs ahrhkibs ahrhkibs kblthleabs kblthleabs hl hl hd fpfrtfab ; ah hsth frtïkudb 63 sûdb sh pbaræl susphlahr susphlahr kuflab sh ahkdfrh hd hstfab ah seteb0 lb sh susphlahl, pbr tfltb, kuflab sh ahkdfrh hd hstfab ah hxkhpkeûl. 1) Df dhy rhcudfræ ul prbkhaeoehltb ah —ifmhfs kbrpus‟ pfrf prbauker df elohaeftf puhstf f aespbsekeûl nuaekefd ah tbaf phrsblf ahthleaf edhcfdohlth. Fseoesob, pbr dhy sh ahthroelfræ hd pdfzb oæxeob ah aurfkeûl ah df preseûl prbveseblfd. - Frtïkudb 69, fpfrtfabs = y ; =) Hd aboekedeb hs elvebdfmdh. Lelculf hltrfaf b rhcestrb pbaræ ifkhrsh hl åd sel kblshlteoehltb ahd tetudfr b rhsbdukeûl nuaekefd, sfdvb hl kfsb ah jdfcrflth ahdetb. ;) [h cfrfltezf hd shkrhtb ah dfs kboulekfkeblhs y, y, hl hsphkefd, ah dfs pbstfdhs, thdhcræjekfs y thdhjûlekfs, sfdvb rhsbdukeûl nuaekefd. - Frtïkudb 65 Dbs hspföbdhs tehlhl ahrhkib f hdhcer demrhohlth su rhseahlkef y f kerkudfr pbr hd hd thrretbreb lfkeblfd. Fseoesob, tehlhl ahrhkib f hltrfr y sfder demrhohlth ah Hspföf hl dbs tåroelbs quh df dhy hstfmdhzkf. Hsth ahrhkib lb pbaræ shr deoetfab pbr obtevbs pbdïtekbs b eahbdûcekbs. - Frtïkudb =7, fpfrtfabs 6. f) y a), y 8 f) [h rhkblbkh y prbthch prbthch hd ahrhkib f hxprhsfr y aejulaer demrhohlth dbs phlsfoehltbs, phlsfoehltbs, eahfs y bpeleblhs ohaeflth df pfdfmrf, hd hskretb b kufdquehr btrb ohaeb ah rhprbaukkeûl. a) [h rhkblbkh y prbthch hd ahrhkib f kboulekfr b rhkemer demrhohlth eljbrofkeûl eljbrofkeûl vhrfz pbr kufdquehr ohaeb ah aejuseûl. Df dhy rhcudfræ hd ahrhkib f df kdæusudf ah kblkehlkef y fd shkrhtb prbjhseblfd hl hd hnhrkekeb ah hstfs demhrtfahs. 8) [ûdb pbaræ fkbrafrsh hd shkuhstrb ah pumdekfkeblhs, crfmfkeblhs crfmfkeblhs y btrbs ohaebs ah eljbrofkeûl hl vertua ah rhsbdukeûl nuaekefd. - Frtïkudb =6 6) [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib ah rhuleûl pfkïjekf y sel frofs. Hd hnhrkekeb ah hsth ahrhkib lb lhkhsetfræ futbrezfkeûl prhvef. =) Hl dbs kfsbs ah rhuleblhs hl ducfrhs ah trælsetb pþmdekb y oflejhstfkeblhs sh afræ kboulekfkeûl prhvef f df futbreafa, quh sûdb pbaræ prbiemerdfs kuflab hxestfl rfzblhs julafafs ah fdthrfkeûl ah brahl pþmdekb, kbl phdecrb pfrf phrsblfs b mehlhs. - Frtïkudb =9, fpfrtfab = =) [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib f df iuhdcf ah dbs trfmfnfabrhs pfrf df ahjhlsf ah sus elthrhshs. Df dhy quh rhcudh hd hnhrkekeb ah hsth ahrhkib hstfmdhkhræ dfs cfrfltïfs prhkesfs, pfrf fshcurfr hd oflthleoehltb ah dbs shrvekebs hshlkefdhs ah df kbouleafa. - Frtïkudb ;3, fpfrtfab = =) [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib ah dbs trfmfnfabrhs y hoprhsfrebs f fabptfr ohaeafs ah kbljdektb kbljdektb kbdhktevb. Df dhy quh rhcudh hd hnhrkekeb ah hsth ahrhkib, sel phrnuekeb ah dfs deoetfkeblhs quh
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
;3
haetbrefd } khp
puhaf hstfmdhkhr, elkdueræ dfs cfrfltïfs prhkesfs pfrf fshcurfr hd julkeblfoehltb ah dbs shrvekebs hshlkefdhs ah df kbouleafa.
m. Ah jbrof elaeveaufd (frt. 88.=) Xlf dhy brcælekf pbaræ ahthroelfr df jbrof y dbs kfsbs hl dbs quh, ah jbrof elaeveaufd y kbl df lhkhsfref elthrvhlkeûl nuaekefd y hd fahkufab kbltrbd pfrdfohltfreb, dbs ahrhkibs rhkblbkeabs hl hd frtïkudb 63 fpfrtfab = (ahthlkeûl prhvhltevf) y hl hd frtïkudb 69 fpfrtfabs = y ; (elvebdfmedeafa ahd aboekedeb y shkrhtb ah dfs kboulekfkeblhs), pbaræl shr susphlaeabs pfrf phrsblfs ahthroelfafs, hl rhdfkeûl kbl dfs elvhstecfkeblhs kbrrhspblaehlths f df fktufkeûl ah mflafs frofafs b hdhohltbs thrrbrestfs. Df utedezfkeûl elnustejekfaf b fmusevf ah dfs jfkudtfahs rhkblbkeafs hl aekif dhy brcælekf prbaukeræ rhspblsfmedeafa phlfd, kbob vebdfkeûl ah dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs rhkblbkeabs pbr dfs dhyhs.
;. DF W]BQHK W]BQHKKEÛL KEÛL AH DF [FDXA HL DF KBL[QEQX KBL[QEQXKEÛL KEÛL ;.6 Lbkeblhs prhvefs Hd Kblcrhsb ah Kblstetukeûl ah df Brcflezfkeûl Oulaefd ah df [fdua (B.O.[.) khdhmrfab hd 3 ah fmred ah 6519 ahjelh hd kblkhptb ah sfdua y aekh quh> Df fsperfkeûl ah tbabs dbs puhmdbs hs hd cbkh oæxeob ah sfdua pfrf tbabs dbs keuafaflbs. Df sfdua hs hd hstfab ah fmsbdutb mehlhstfr jïsekb, ohltfd y sbkefd, sel aestelkeûl ah rhdeceblhs, krhabs pbdïtekbs b kdfshs sbkefdhs. Qbab ibomrh tehlh ahrhkib f kblshrvfr su sfdua y, hl kfsb ah quh hljhroh, f pbshhr dbs ohaebs pfrf kurfrsh. Hstf prbthkkeûl ahmh fmfrkfr lb sûdb f åd, selb tfomeål f sus jfoedefrhs. Ah fkuhrab kbl hd frtïkudb =8 ah df Ahkdfrfkeûl Xlevhrsfd ah dbs Ahrhkibs Iuoflbs rhafktfaf pbr df Fsfomdhf Chlhrfd ah df Brcflezfkeûl ah dfs Lfkeblhs Xleafs (B.L.X.), tbaf phrsblf tehlh ahrhkib f ul levhd ah veaf fahkufab quh dh fshcurh, fsï kbob f su jfoedef, df sfdua y hd mehlhstfr y, hl hsphkefd, df fdeohltfkeûl, hd vhsteab, df vevehlaf, df fsesthlkef oåaekf y dbs shrvekebs sbkefdhs lhkhsfrebs0 tehlh, fseoesob, ahrhkib f dbs shcurbs hl kfsb ah ahshopdhb, hljhrohafa, elvfdeahz, veuahz, vhnhz y btrbs kfsbs, kbob påraeaf ah sus ohaebs ah sumsesthlkef pbr kerkulstflkefs elahphlaehlths ah su vbdultfa.
Df ofthrleafa y df eljflkef tehlhl ahrhkib f kueafabs y fsesthlkef hsphkefdhs. Qbabs dbs leöbs, lfkeabs ah oftreobleb b juhrf ah oftreobleb, tehlhl ahrhkib f ecufd prbthkkeûl sbkefd.
;.= Hd ahrhkib ahrhkib f df sfdua hl df Kblstetukeûl Df Kblstetukeûl sh rhjehrh f hsth ahrhkib, julafohltfdohlth, hl dbs frtïkudbs 1;, 619.6.=6, 615.6.6:, phrb tfomeål hl dbs frtïkudbs, 61, 68, 69, 18 y 86.6.
;9
Qhof 6
haetbrefd } khp
F. Frtïkudb 1; [h rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib f df prbthkkeûl ah df sfdua. Kbophth f dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs brcflezfr y tuthdfr df sfdua pþmdekf f trfvås ah ohaeafs prhvhltevfs y ah dfs prhstfkeblhs y shrvekebs lhkhsfrebs. Df dhy hstfmdhkhræ dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ah tbabs fd rhsphktb. Dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs jbohltfræl df haukfkeûl sfletfref, df haukfkeûl jïsekf y hd ahpbrth. Fseoesob, jfkedetfræl df fahkufaf utedezfkeûl ahd bkeb. Ah hsth prhkhptb pbahobs hxtrfhr dfs secuehlths kfrfkthrïstekfs> f) Df ulevhrsfdezfkeûl ahd ahrhkib f df prbthkkeûl ah df sfdua, yf quh sh hxtehlah f tbabs dbs keuafaflbs. m) Df ofthrefdezfkeûl ahd ahrhkib f df sfdua, yf quh dbs dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs ifl ah kuopder ulfs bmdecfkeblhs> - Brcflezfr y tuthdfr df sfdua pþmdekf. - Fabptfr dfs ohaeafs prhvhltevfs prhvhltevfs y dfs prhstfkeblhs y shrvekebs lhkhsfrebs. - Hstfmdhkhr dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ah dbs keuafaflbs hl ofthref ah sfdua. Hd frtïkudb 1; hstæ ahltrb ahd Kfpïtudb EEE ahd Qïtudb E ah df Kblstetukeûl quh ddhvf pbr rþmrekf —Ah dbs prelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf‟, pbr db quh df prbthkkeûl kblstetukeblfd quh sh btbrcf fd ahrhkib f df prbthkkeûl ah df sfdua hs df hstfmdhkeaf hl hd frtïkudb 8;.; ah df KH quh aespblh quh sûdb pbaræl shr fdhcfabs flth df nuresaekkeûl braelfref ah fkuhrab kbl db quh aespblcfl dfs dhyhs quh dbs ahsfrrbddhl. Df lbrof quh if ahsfrrbddfab hsth prhkhptb hs df Dhy 61/659:, ah =8 ah fmred, Chlhrfd ah [fleafa.
M. Frtïkudb 619.6.=6¾ Dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs pbaræl fsuoer kbophthlkefs hl ofthref ah sfleafa h iecehlh.
K. Frtïkudb 615.6.6:¾ Hd Hstfab tehlh kbophthlkef hxkdusevf sbmrh> - [fleafa Hxthrebr. - Mfshs y kbbraelfkeûl chlhrfd ah df sfleafa. - Dhcesdfkeûl sbmrh prbauktbs jfrofkåutekbs. Lb bmstflth, aekif hxkduseveafa ify quh kblthopdfrdf hl df phrsphktevf ahd frt. 687 ah df Kblstetukeûl, kbljbroh fd kufd dfs Kbrths Chlhrfdhs, hl ofthrefs ah kbophthlkef hstftfd, pbaræl ftremuer f tbafs b f fdculf ah dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs df jfkudtfa ah aektfr, pfrf sï oesofs, lbrofs dhcesdftevfs hl hd ofrkb ah dbs prelkepebs, mfshs y aerhktrekhs jenfabs pbr ulf dhy hstftfd. Fseoesob, hd Hstfab pbaræ trflsjhrer b ahdhcfr hl dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs, ohaeflth dhy brcælekf, jfkudtfahs kbrrhspblaehlths kbrrhspblaehlths f ofthrefs ah tetudfreafa hstftfd quh, pbr su prbpef lfturfdhzf, shfl suskhptemdhs ah trflsjhrhlkef b ahdhcfkeûl. Hl hsth kfsb, df Dhy prhvhræ df kbrrhspblaehlth trflsjhrhlkef ah ohaebs jelflkehrbs, fsï kbob dfs jbrofs ah kbltrbd quh sh rhshrvh hd Hstfab.
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
;5
haetbrefd } khp
Df Dhy Chlhrfd ah [fleafa ahjelh y kblkrhtf dfs kbophthlkefs hstftfdhs hl ofthref ah sfleafa hxthrebr.
A. Btrbs frtïkudbs - Frtïkudb 61> Vuh kbob ihobs vestb kbl flthrebreafa sh rhjehrh rhjehrh fd ahrhkib f df ecufdafa y f df fushlkef ah aeskreoelfkeûl. - Frtïkudb 68> Vuh sh rhjehrh fd ahrhkib f df veaf h elthcreafa y f df prbiemekeûl ah df tbrturf, phlfs b trftbs eliuoflbs b ahcrfaflths. - Frtïkudb 69> Vuh cfrfltezf hd hd ahrhkib fd iblbr, f df elteoeafa y f df prbpef eofchl. - Frt. 18> Uf ohlkeblfab tfomeål flthrebrohlth, rhkblbkh hd ahrhkib f aesjrutfr ah ul ohaeb fomehlth fahkufab pfrf hd ahsfrrbddb ah df phrsblf, y hd ahmhr ah kblshrvfrdb. - Frt. 86.6> Hsth frtïkudb eopblh f dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs df bmdecfkeûl ah cfrfltezfr df ahjhlsf ah dbs kblsuoeabrhs y usufrebs, prbthcehlab su shcureafa, sfdua y dhcïteobs elthrhshs hkblûoekbs.
17
Qhof 6
Hsquhof 6
DF KBL[QEQXKEÛL H[WFÖBDF AH 6539> H[Q]XKQX]F U KBLQHLEAB Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539> Juh fprbmfaf pbr dbs pdhlbs ahd Kblcrhsb y ahd [hlfab, hl shlafs shseblhs, hd ;6 ah bktumrh ah 6539 Hd : ah aekehomrh ah 6539 juh rftejekfaf ohaeflth rhjhrålauo pbr hd puhmdb hspföbd Hd =3 ah aekehomrh ah 6539, hl ulf ulf shseûl kblnultf ah fomfs Kæofrfs, juh sflkeblfaf y prboudcfaf pbr hd ]hy Hd =5 ah aekehomrh ah 6539 sh pumdekû hl hd MBH y hltrû hltrû hl vecbr
Kfrfkthrïstekfs chlhrfdhs Fthlaehlab tfltb f su brechl kbob f su frtekudfab, sh puhahl shöfdfr dbs secuehlths kfrfkthrhs ah df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf> [h trftf ah ul thxtb ah rupturf [h trftf ah ul thxtb kblshlsufab Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539 hs pbdevfdhlth y ahdemhrfafoh ahdemhrfafohlth lth fomecuf Ahstfkf df abktrelf, quh sh trftf ah ulf Kblstetukeûl elkbopdhtf Hd thxtb kblstetukeblfd rhjdhnf df phrthlhlkef ah Hspföf fd kblthxtb kudturfd bkkeahltfd hurbphb [h trftf ah ul thxtb thxtb hl ablah ablah sh ifl rhjdhnfab eljduhlkefs ah df Kblstetukeûl fdhoflf y ah df Kblstetukeûl etfdeflf
Wrelkepebs elsperfabrhs Df Lfkeûl hspföbdf, ahshflab hstfmdhkhr df nustekef, df demhrtfa y df shcureafa y prbobvhr hd mehl ah kufltbs df elthcrfl, hl usb ah su sbmhrflïf, prbkdfof su vbdultfa ah> Cfrfltezfr df kblvevhlkef ahobkrætekf ahltrb ah df Kblstetukeûl y ah dfs dhyhs kbljbroh f ul brahl hkblûoekb y sbkefd nustb Kblsbdeafr ul Hstfab ah Ahrhkib quh fshcurh hd eophreb ah df dhy kbob hxprhseûl ah df vbdultfa pbpudfr Wrbthchr f tbabs dbs hspföbdhs y puhmdbs ah Hspföf hl hd hnhrkekeb ah dbs ahrhkibs iuoflbs, sus kudturfs y trfaekeblhs, dhlcufs h elstetukeblhs Wrbobvhr hd prbcrhsb ah df kudturf y ah df hkblboïf pfrf fshcurfr f tbabs ulf aeclf kfdeafa ah veaf Hstfmdhkhr ulf sbkehafa ahobkrætekf fvflzfaf Kbdfmbrfr hl hd jbrtfdhkeoehltb ah ulfs rhdfkeblhs pfkïjekfs y ah hjekfz kbbphrfkeûl hltrh tbabs dbs puhmdbs ah df Qehrrf
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
16
Hstrukturf Hstrukturf jbrofd Hstrukturf ofthrefd Df pfrth abcoætekf Df pfrth brcælekf
Kblthleab -
Qïtudb Wrhdeoelfr> (frts. 6 f 5) Qïtudb E> —Ah dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs julafohltfdhs‟ (frts. 67 fd 88) Qïtudb EE> —Ah df Kbrblf‟ (frts. 8: f :8) Qïtudb EEE> —Ah dfs Kbrths Chlhrfdhs‟ (frts. :: f 5:) Qïtudb EZ> —Ahd Cbmehrlb y ah df Faoelestrfkeûl‟ (frts. 53 fd 673) Qïtudb Z> —Ah dfs rhdfkeblhs hltrh hd Cbmehrlb Cbmehrlb y dfs Kbrths Chlhrfdhs‟ (frts. 679 679 fd 66:) Qïtudb ZE> —Ahd Wbahr Nuaekefd‟ (frts. 663 fd 6=3) Qïtudb ZEE> —Hkblboïf y Ifkehlaf‟ (frts. 6=9 fd 6;:) Qïtudb ZEEE> —Ah df brcflezfkeû brcflezfkeûl l thrretbrefd ahd Hstfab‟ (frts. 6;3 fd 689) Qïtudb EY> —Ahd Qremulfd Kblstetukeblfd‟ (frts. 685 fd 6:8) Qïtudb Y> —Ah df ]hjbrof Kblstetukeblfd‟ (frts. 6:: fd 6:5)
Wrelkepebs quh df eljbrofl Dbs prelkepebs elsperfabrhs rhcudfabs hl hd Qïtudb Wrhdeoelfr ah df Kblstetukeûl sbl> Jbrof ahd Hstfab Hspföbd Hstfab [bkefd y Ahobkrætekb ah Ahrhkib Hstfab [bkefd Hstfab Ahobkrætekb Hstfab ah Ahrhkib Zfdbrhs suphrebrhs ahd Brahlfoehltb Nurïaekb Df demhrtfa Df nustekef Df ecufdafa Hd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb [bmhrflïf lfkeblfd Jbrof pbdïtekf ahd Hstfab Xleafa ah df Lfkeûl hspföbdf y rhkblbkeoehltb ahd ahrhkib f df futblboïf Df Kblstetukeûl sh julafohltf hl df elaesbdumdh uleafa ah df Lfkeûl hspföbdf, pftref kboþl h elaevesemdh ah tbabs dbs hspföbdhs, y rhkblbkh y cfrfltezf hd ahrhkib f df futblboïf ah dfs lfkeblfdeafahs y rhceblhs quh df elthcrfl y df sbdeafreafa hltrh tbafs hddfs Eaebof bjekefd ahd Hstfab Hd kfsthddflb hs df dhlcuf bjekefd ahd Hstfab. Qbabs dbs hspföbdhs tehlhl hd ahmhr ah kblbkhrdf y hd ahrhkib f usfrdf
1=
Qhof 6
Df mflahrf ah Hspföf y df ah dfs Kbouleafahs Futûlbofs Df mflahrf ah Hspföf hstæ jbrofaf pbr trhs jrflnfs ibrezbltfdhs, rbnf, fofreddf y rbnf, sehlab df fofreddf ah abmdh flkiurf quh kfaf ulf ah dfs rbnfs Df kfpetfd ahd Hstfab Hs df veddf ah Ofarea Wfrteabs pbdïtekbs Dbs pfrteabs pbdïtekbs hxprhsfl hd pdurfdesob pbdïtekb, kblkurrhl f df jbrofkeûl y oflejhstfkeûl ah df vbdultfa pbpudfr y sbl elstruohltb julafohltfd pfrf df pfrtekepfkeûl pbdïtekf [elaekftbs y fsbkefkeblhs hoprhsfrefdhs Dbs selaekftbs ah trfmfnfabrhs y dfs fsbkefkeblhs hoprhsfrefdhs kbltremuyhl f df ahjhlsf ah dbs elthrhshs hkblûoekbs y sbkefdhs quh dhs sbl prbpebs Dfs Juhrzfs Frofafs Kblstetueafs pbr hd Hnårketb ah Qehrrf, df Frofaf y hd Hnårketb ahd Ferh, tehlhl kbob oeseûl cfrfltezfr df sbmhrflïf h elahphlahlkef ah Hspföf, ahjhlahr su elthcreafa thrretbrefd y hd brahlfoehltb kblstetukeblfd Wrelkepeb ah dhcfdeafa y cfrfltïfs nurïaekfs Dbs keuafaflbs y dbs pbahrhs pþmdekbs hstæl sunhtbs f df Kblstetukeûl y fd rhstb ahd brahlfoehltb nurïaekb (frt. 5.6 KH), kbl db quh sh pblh ah oflejehstb quh df Kblstetukeûl, K blstetukeûl, phrthlhkehlab fd brahlfoehltb nurïaekb hspföbd, kblstetuyh df lbrof suphrebr y julafohltfd, kþspeah ah df peræoeah lbroftevf
QÏQXDB W]HDEOELF]. AH]HKIB[ U AHMH]H[ JXLAFOHLQFDH[ AH DB[ KEXAFAFLB[ Kdfsejekfkeûl Dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs julafohltfdhs sh rhcudfl hl hd Qïtudb E ah df Kblstetukeûl Frtïkudb 67 Hstfmdhkh kbob julafohltb ahd brahl pbdïtekb y df pfz sbkefd Kfpïtudb Wreohrb —Ah dbs hspföbdhs y hxtrflnhrbs‟ Kfpïtudb [hculab —Ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs‟ Kfpïtudb Qhrkhrb —Ah dbs prelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf‟ Kfpïtudb Kufrtb —Ah dfs cfrfltïfs ah dfs demhrtfahs y ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs‟ Kfpïtudb Vueltb —Ah df susphlseûl ah dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs‟
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
1;
Nustejekfkeûl y julafohltb Hd demrh hnhrkekeb ah dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs julafohltfdhs hs prhsupuhstb ah df ahobkrfkef y kblaekeûl y jel ah ul råceohl kblstetukeblfd. Df ahjhlsf ah hstbs ahrhkibs if ah s hr ulf jelfdeafa hshlkefd ahd sesthof
Hluohrfkeûl Ah dbs hspföbdhs y hxtrflnhrbs (Kfpïtudb preohrb) Lbrofs sbmrh lfkeblfdeafa y ofybrïf ah hafa (frt. 66 y 6=) Ah dbs hxtrflnhrbs (frt. 6;) Ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs (Kfpïtudb shculab) Ahrhkib f df ecufdafa (frt 61) Ah dbs Ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs y demhrtfahs pþmdekfs ([hkkeûl 6ª) Ahrhkib f df veaf (frt. 68) Demhrtfa eahbdûcekf, rhdecebsf rhdecebsf y ah kudtb (frt. 6:) Ahrhkib f df demhrtfa phrsblfd y f df shcureafa (frt. 63) Ahrhkib fd iblbr, f df elteoeafa phrsblfd y jfoedefr y f df prbpef eofchl (frt. 69) Demhrtfa ah rhseahlkef y ah kerkudfkeûl (frt. 65) Demhrtfa ah hxprhseûl (frt. =7) Ahrhkib ah rhuleûl (frt. =6) Ahrhkib ah fsbkefkeûl (frt. ==) Ahrhkib ah pfrtekepfkeûl (frt. =;) Ahrhkib f df tuthdf nuaekefd (frt. =1) Wrelkepeb ah dhcfdeafa phlfd (frt. =8) Wrbiemekeûl ah dbs Qremulfdhs ah Iblbr (frt. =:) Ahrhkib f df haukfkeûl y demhrtfa ah hlshöflzf (frt. =3) Ahrhkib ah selaekfkeûl y ah iuhdcf (frt. =9) Ahrhkib ah phtekeûl (frt. =5) Ah dbs ahrhkibs y ahmhrhs ah dbs keuafaflbs ([hkkeûl =ª) Ah kfrækthr sbkefd Ah kfrækthr phrsblfd Ah kfrækthr chlhrfd Wrelkepebs rhktbrhs ah df pbdïtekf sbkefd y hkblûoekf (Kfpïtudb thrkhrb) Wrbthkkeûl f df jfoedef y f df eljflkef (frt. ;5) Wrbcrhsb sbkefd y hkblûoekb. Wbdïtekf dfmbrfd (frt. 17) ]åceohl pþmdekb ah [hcureafa [bkefd (frt. 16) Ahrhkibs ah dbs hoecrflths (frt. 1=) Wrbthkkeûl ah df sfdua y jbohltb ahd ahpbrth (frt. 1;) Wrbobkeûl ah df kudturf, df kehlkef y df elvhstecfkeûl (frt. 11) Ahrhkib f aesjrutfr ahd ohaeb fomehlth y f df kfdeafa ah veaf (frt. 18) Kblshrvfkeûl y prbobkeûl ahd pftreobleb iestûrekb, kudturfd y frtïstekb (frt. 1:)
11
Qhof 6
Ahrhkib f ulf vevehlaf aeclf y fahkufaf (frt. 13) Wrbobkeûl ah df pfrtekepfkeûl ah df nuvhltua (frt. 19) Wrbthkkeûl ah dbs aesoelueabs jïsekbs, psïquekbs y shlsbrefdhs (frt. 15) Wrbthkkeûl ah df thrkhrf hafa (frt. 87) Ahjhlsf ah dbs kblsuoeabrhs y usufrebs (frt. 86) Brcflezfkeblhs Brcflezfkeb lhs prbjhseblfdhs (frt. 8=)
Cfrfltïfs y susphlseûl Cfrfltïfs ah dfs demhrtfahs y ahrhkibs julafohltfdhs Chlhrfdeafahs Wrbthkkeûl ah dbs ahrhkibs y demhrtfahs Wrbthkkeûl ah dbs ahrhkibs hkblûoekb-sbkefd hkblûoekb-sbkefdhs hs [usphlseûl ah dbs ahrhkibs Ah jbrof chlhrfd (frt. 88.6) Ah jbrof elaeveaufd (frt. 88.=)
DF W]BQHKKEÛL AH DF [FDXA HL DF KBL[QEQXKEÛL Lbkeblhs prhvefs Hd Kblcrhsb ah Kblstetukeûl ah df Brcflezfkeûl Oulaefd ah df [fdua (B.O.[.) khdhmrfab hd 3 ah fmred ah 6519 ahjelh hd kblkhptb ah sfdua y aekh quh> Df fsperfkeûl ah tbabs dbs puhmdbs hs hd cbkh oæxeob ah sfdua pfrf tbabs dbs keuafaflbs. Df sfdua hs hd hstfab ah fmsbdutb mehlhstfr jïsekb, ohltfd y sbkefd, sel aestelkeûl ah rhdeceblhs, krhabs pbdïtekbs b kdfshs sbkefdhs Qbab ibomrh tehlh ahrhkib f kblshrvfr su sfdua y, hl kfsb ah quh hljhroh, f pbshhr dbs ohaebs pfrf kurfrsh. Hstf prbthkkeûl ahmh fmfrkfr lb sûdb f åd, selb tfomeål f sus jfoedefrhs
Hd ahrhkib f df sfdua hl df Kblstetukeûl Df Kblstetukeûl sh rhjehrh f hsth ahrhkib, julafohltfdohlth, hl dbs frtïkudbs 1;, 619.6.=6, 615.6.6:, phrb tfomeål hl dbs frtïkudbs, 61, 68, 69, 18 y 86.6 Frtïkudb 1; Frtïkudb 619.6.=6¾ Frtïkudb 615.6.6:¾ Btrbs frtïkudbs
Df Kblstetukeûl Hspföbdf ah 6539
18
