1. Camara Camara v. v. Municipal Municipal Court, Court, 387 387 US 523, 523, 1967 Facts. “On November 6, 1963, an inspector of the Division of Housing Inspection of the an Francisco Department of !ub"ic Hea"th entere# an apartment bui"#ing to ma$e a routine annua" inspection for possib"e vio"ations of the cit%&s Housing 'o#e.( )he inspector *as informe# that the +ppe""ant *as using part of his "easeho"# as a persona" resi#ence. )he inspector confronte# the +ppe""ant an# #eman#e# to inspect the premises because resi#entia" use *as not a""o*e# on the rst -oor of the apartment bui"#ing. )he +ppe""ant #i# not a""o* a""o* the inspector inspector to enter because because he #i# not not have a *arrant. )he inspector attempte# to obtain access to +ppe""ant&s apartment apartment a secon# time t*o #a%s "ater, an# again the +ppe""ant refuse# to grant him access. )he +ppe""ant then *as sent a summons or#ering him to appear at the #istrict attorne%&s oce. )he +ppe""ant #i# not appear an# a fe* *ee$s "ater t*o other inspectors attempte# to gain access to his apartment an# *ere again refuse# because the% #i# not have a search *arrant. + comp"aint *as then "e# against the +ppe""ant for vio"ation of the Housing 'o#e. His #emurrer *as #enie# an# he "e# a *rit of prohibition. )he court of +ppea"s he"# the housing section “#oes not vio"ate Fourth +men#ment rights because it /is part of a regu"ator% regu"ator% scheme *hich is essentia""% civi" rather than crimina" in nature, inasmuch as that section creates a right of inspection *hich is "imite# in scope an# ma% not be e0ercise# un#er unreasonab"e con#itions.& con#itions.& ( Issue. “2hether a#ministrative inspection programs, as present"% authori4e# an# con#ucte#, vio"ate Fourth +men#ment rights as those rights are enforce# against the tates through the Fourteenth +men#ment5( He"#. es. “Fran$ v. 7ar%"an#, to the e0tent that it sanctione# such *arrant"ess *arrant"ess inspections, must be overru"e#.( overru"e#.( )he ma8orit% here observe#, “the practica" eect of this s%stem is to "eave the occupant sub8ect to the #iscretion of the ocia" in the e"#. )his is precise"% the #iscretion to inva#e private propert% *hich *e have consistent"% circumscribe# b% a re:uirement that a #isintereste# part% *arrant the nee# to search. 2e simp"% cannot sa% that the protections provi#e# b% the *arrant proce#ure are not nee#e# in this conte0t; broa# statutor% safeguar#s are no substitute for in#ivi#ua"i4e# revie*, particu"ar"% particu"ar"% *hen those safeguar#s safeguar#s ma% on"% be invo$e# at the ris$ of a crimina" pena"t%.(
2. Salazar Salazar v. v. Achacosa Achacosa 183 scra scra 15, 15, 199! Facts< =osa"ie )esoro of !asa% 'it% in a s*orn statement "e# *ith the !O>+, charge# petitioner *ith i""ega" recruitment. !ub"ic respon#ent +tt%. Fer#inan# 7ar:ue4 sent petitioner a te"egram #irecting #irecting him to appear to the !O>+ regar#ing the comp"aint against him. On the same #a%, after $no*ing that petitioner ha# no "icense to operate a recruitment agenc%, pub"ic respon#ent +#ministrator )omas +chacoso issue# a '"osure an# ei4ure Or#er No. 1?@A to petitioner. It state# that there *i"" a sei4ure of the #ocuments an#
parapherna"ia being use# or inten#e# to be use# as the means of committing i""ega" recruitment, it having verie# that petitioner hasB C1 No va"i# "icense or authorit% from the Department of Eabor an# >mp"o%ment to recruit an# #ep"o% *or$ers for overseas emp"o%ment; C? 'ommitte#are committing acts prohibite# un#er +rtic"e 3G of the Ne* Eabor 'o#e in re"ation to +rtic"e 3 of the same co#e. + team *as then tas$e# to imp"ement the sai# Or#er. )he group, accompanie# b% me#iamen an# 7an#a"u%ong po"icemen, *ent to petitioner&s resi#ence. )he% serve# the or#er to a certain 7rs. For a a"a4ar, *ho "et them in. )he team conscate# assorte# costumes. !etitioner "e# *ith !O>+ a "etter re:uesting for the return of the sei4e# properties, because she *as not given prior notice an# hearing. )he sai# Or#er vio"ate# #ue process. he a"so a""ege# that it vio"ate# sec ? of the i"" of =ights, an# the properties *ere conscate# against her *i"" an# *ere #one *ith unreasonab"e force an# intimi#ation.
Issue< 2hether or Not the !hi"ippine Overseas >mp"o%ment +#ministration Cor the ecretar% of Eabor can va"i#"% issue *arrants of search an# sei4ure Cor arrest un#er +rtic"e 3 of the Eabor 'o#e
He"#< Jn#er the ne* 'onstitution, “. . . no search *arrant or *arrant of arrest sha"" issue e0cept upon probab"e cause to be #etermine# persona""% b% the 8u#ge after e0amination un#er oath or armation of the comp"ainant an# the *itnesses he ma% pro#uce, an# particu"ar"% #escribing the p"ace to be searche# an# the persons or things to be sei4e#(. 7a%ors an# prosecuting ocers cannot issue *arrants of sei4ure or arrest. )he '"osure an# ei4ure Or#er *as base# on +rtic"e 3 of the Eabor 'o#e. )he upreme 'ourt he"#, “2e reiterate that the ecretar% of Eabor, not being a 8u#ge, ma% no "onger issue search or arrest *arrants. Hence, the authorities must go through the 8u#icia" process. )o that e0tent, *e #ec"are +rtic"e 3, paragraph Cc, of the Eabor 'o#e, unconstitutiona" an# of no force an# eectK )he po*er of the !resi#ent to or#er the arrest of a"iens for #eportation is, obvious"%, e0ceptiona". It Cthe po*er to or#er arrests cannot be ma#e to e0ten# to other cases, "i$e the one at bar. Jn#er the 'onstitution, it is the so"e #omain of the courts.( Furthermore, the search an# sei4ure or#er *as in the nature of a genera" *arrant. )he court he"# that the *arrant is nu"" an# voi#, because it must i#entif% specica""% the things to be sei4e#.
3. Catura v. C"# 37 scra 3!3, 1971 $AC%S&!ab"o 'atura an# Eu4 a"va#or Cpetitioners are the !resi#ent an# )reasurer, respective"%, of the !hi"ippine Lirginia )obacco +#ministration >mp"o%ees +ssociation, a #u"% registere# "abor organi4ation. On December ?M, 1966, a comp"aint against them un#er ection 1M of the In#ustria" !eace +ct *as "e# b% the 'I= an# the principa" comp"ainants, being 'e"estino )abaniag an# other emp"o%ees constituting more than 1@ percent of the membership of the "abor organi4ation Crespon#ents. !etitioners *ere
charge# of “unauthori4e# #isbursement of union fun#s.( 'omp"ainants #eman# a fu"" an# #etai"e# report of a"" nancia" transactions of the union as *e"" as to ma$e the boo$ of accounts an# other recor#s of the nancia" activities of the union open to inspection b% the members. )he #eman#s *ere refuse#. )he e0ecutive boar# of the organi4ation a"so passe# a reso"ution ca""ing for a genera" membership meeting to pass on the issue regar#ing the union fun#s. 'atura cance""e# the meeting. +nother meeting *as ca""e#, but there *as sti"" no response. 7embers *ere the force# to e"evate the matter to the Department of Eabor *hich issue# subpoenas for the presentation of the account boo$s, but to no avai". Having e0hauste# a"" the reme#ies provi#e# in the union&s constitution an# b%"a*s, the comp"aint sought to #ec"are petitioners gui"t% of unfair "abor practice un#er the In#ustria" !eace +ct, to cease an# #esist from further committing unfair "abor practice, an# to ren#er a #u"" an# #etai"e# report of a"" nancia" transactions of the union as *e"" as to ma$e the boo$ of accounts an# other recor#s of nancia" activities open to inspection b% the members. On December ?, 1966, private respon#ents sought an in8unction to prevent 'atura, *ho turne# out to be ree"ecte# as !resi#ent on November 1A, 1966, from ta$ing oath of his oce )hen came the or#er of December ?9, 1966 b% +ssociate u#ge oa:uin 7. a"va#or *hich, instea# of granting the in8unction sought, "imite# itse"f to re:uiring an# #irecting the petitioners to #e"iver an# #eposit #ocuments re"ate# to nances at the hearing of the petition. + motion for reconsi#eration *as "e# b% the petitioners a""eging that the% *ere not hear# before such or#er *as issue#. )he or#er *as sustaine#. Hence, this petition for revie* of the reso"ution of the 'I=. IJ>< 2hether the 'I=, in the e0ercise of its po*er of investigation to assure comp"iance *ith the interna" "abor organi4ation proce#ures un#er the In#ustria" !eace +ct, can re:uire a "abor organi4ation&s “boo$s of accounts, ban$ account, pass boo$s, union fun#s, receipts, vouchers an# other #ocuments re"ate# to nances( be #e"ivere# an# #eposite# *ith it at the hearing to con#uct such investigation. H>ED< )he contro""ing provisions of "a* concerning the po*er of investigation of the 'I= ma% be foun# in paragraphs Cb, Ch, an# C" of ection 1M of the In#ustria" !eace +ct. )o paraphrase ustice Eaure", the po*er to investigate, to be conscientious an# rationa" at the ver% "east, re:uires an in:uir% into e0isting facts an# con#itions. '"ear"%, the matter *as #eeme# serious enough b% the prosecutor of 'I= to ca"" for the e0ercise of the statutor% po*er of
investigation. +"" the cha""enge# or#er #i# *as to re:uire petitioner to “#e"iver an# #eposit( the #ocuments. )he #ocuments re:uire# to be pro#uce# constitutes evi#ence of the most so"i# character as to *hether there *as a fai"ure to comp"% *ith the man#ates of "a*. )he matter *as proper"% *ithin its cogni4ance an# the means necessar% to give it force an# eectiveness shou"# be #eeme# imp"ie# un"ess such is arbitrar%. 2herefore, petition for certiorari is #enie#.
. 'van()lista v. *ar)ncio 69 scra 99,1975 Facts< )he !resi#ent of the !hi"ippines un#er >0ecutive Or#er No. G of anuar% M, 1966 create# the !resi#entia" +genc% on =eforms an# Povernment Operations C!+=PO. He charge# the agenc% *ith the responsibi"it% to investigate a"" activities invo"ving or aecting immora" practices, graft an# corruption, smugg"ing, "a*"essness, subversion, an# a"" other activities *hich are pre8u#icia" to the government.)he !resi#ent veste# in the +genc% a"" the po*ers of an investigating committee inc"u#ing the po*er to summon *itnesses b% subpoena or subpoena #uces tecum, a#minister oaths, ta$e testimon% or evi#ence re"evant to the investigation. On une M, 196, pursuant to the po*ers veste# in the +genc%, petitioner Quirico >vange"ista as Jn#ersecretar% of the agenc%, issue# to respon#ent Fernan#o 7ana"astas, then +cting 'it% !ub"ic erviceOcer of 7ani"a, a subpoena a# testican#um comman#ing him to be an# appear as *itness at the oce of the !+=PO. Instea# of obe%ing the subpoena, 7ana"astas "e# a !etition for prohibition an#or in8unction *ith pre"iminar% in8unction an#or restraining or#er *hich *as grante# b% the 'FI of 7ani"a, hence, this petition. Issue He"#< 2ON the +genc% en8o%s the authorit% to issue subpoenas in its con#uct of factn#ing investigations. >. 7ana"astas "ost. =atio< +n a#ministrative agenc% ma% be authori4e# to ma$e investigations, not on"% in procee#ings of a "egis"ative or 8u#icia" nature, but a"so in procee#ings *hose so"e purpose is to obtain information upon *hich future action of a "egis"ative or 8u#icia" nature ma% be ta$en an# ma% re:uire the atten#ance of *itnesses in procee#ings of a pure"% investigator% nature. )he petitioner #ra*s its subpoena po*er in >O No. G an# the enab"ing "a* 0es no #istinction *hen an# in *hat function the subpoena po*er shou"# be e0ercise#. )he 'ourt n#s no reason to #epart from the estab"ishe# ru"e, ubi "e0 non #istinguit nec nos #istinguere #ebemos. Nor cou"# the court n# merit in the argument that the subpoena po*er grante# b% ection A@ of the =evise# +#ministrative 'o#e is restricte# un#er the =u"es of 'ourt to abri#ge its app"ication.
5. +c) o- Court Aministration v. Can/u) 588 scra 226 6. Carm)lo v. #amos 116 0hil 1152 7. Masan(ca v. Com)l)c 6 scra 27 8. )ol v. Com)l)c 6!6 scra 55 9. oairan v. Alcala scra 28 1!. An( %i4a v. C"# 6! 0" 635 11. 1. MU v. arcia *r., 239 SC#A 386 12. 2. 0AS'" v. %orr)s, 212 SC#A 298 13. 3. Santia(o vs. Com)l)c, 27! SC#A 1!6 1. . U.S. v. An( %an( o, 3 0hil. 1 15. 5. :not v. "AC, 18 SC#A 659 16. 6. ;A# v. SU%%+<, .#.
)a v. ;' A S'# v. ur)au o- Customs 193 SC#A 132 39. 5 umi(a v. 'B)v)a # 117565 v. Maraan # 13992
9. 8 Mari(al v. )caroz 91 SC#A 2! 5!. 9 Ca4aa v. Alunan 26! SC#A 838 51. 1! ;atil)s an Co. v. Sucalito 186 SC#A 7! 52. 11 <$A v. CA 253 SC#A 7! 53. 12 ravaor v. Mami(o 2! SC#A 72 5. 13 Almin) v. CA 177 SC#A 796 55. 1 Smart v. <%C !8 SC#A 678 56. 15 U0 oar o- #)()nts v. #azul 2!! SC#A 685 57. 16 ArroD %ransport Corporation v. oar o- % 63 SC#A 193 A. 17 %an v. ?)t)rans 1!5 0" 377
