@B_PYVFB _ZIOBCBOB @B HBEDYKDDBG
_piiom ke` hkedukdi `bsgr`irs Hkurk Buvgei
@ICBEB^BGEI
@bsturfb _piobob `ih Hbedukddbg (@_H) g `bscksbi ivghutbvi rkpprisietkeg `bsgr`beb `b koqubsbzbgei `ih hbedukddbg omi sb prisietkeg be kssiezk `b ckttgrb okuskhb egtb. B @_H ogaprie`geg oge`bzbgeb okrkttirbzzkti `k `bcoghtê be ueg g pbò kafbtb `ihhg svbhuppg hbedubstbog, be kssiezk `b `iobt ogdebtbvb, agtgrb, siesgrbkhb, kccittbvb i `b okriezi sgobgkafbietkhb i ogeegtkti `k vkrbkfbhbtê pir quketg rbdukr`k hk drkvbtê i hk ivghuzbgei eih tiapg `ih `bsgr`bei hbedubstbog. B
IZB@IABGHGDBK
Hk `bccusbgei `ib @_H vkrbk k sioge`k `ihh‒itê `ih fkafbeg i `ib orbtirb `b `iebzbgei k`gttktb. Be ai`bk issk sb kddbrk betgreg kh 9-4% be itê prisoghkri i ;-6% be itê soghkri. soghkri. Ogaphissbvkaieti b @_H rkpprisietkeg hk okusk pbò criquieti `b ogesuhtkzbgei eiurgpsbombktrbok eiurgpsbombktrbok trk b 6 i b 3 keeb. Hk beob`iezk `ih @_H í pbò khtk eib aksomb (6,9>;). Í rbpgrtktk uek ckabhbkrbtê, oge rbogrriezk pbò ogauei eib ogeskedubeib omi eihhk pgpghkzbgei dieirkhi. OKVKPPIVB_PBO OKVK PPIVB_PBO MI OHBEBOMI
Hk tbpghgdbk `ib @_H vbiei `iebtk suhhk fksi `ihhi ogapgeietb hbedubstbomi privkhietiaieti ogaprgaissi, oge `bcciriezbkzbgei `b tri sgttgtbpb privbstb `kb sbstiab `b ohkssbokzbgei betirekzbgekhi BO@;: i @_A-BS. ;. @bsturfg spiobog `b krtboghkzbgei krtboghkzbgei `ihh‒ihgqubg. 6. @bsturfg `ih hbedukddbg hbedukddbg isprissbvg. ?. @bsturfg `ihhk ogapriesbgei ogapriesbgei `ih hbedukddbg. hbedukddbg.
@bsturfg spiobcbog `b krtboghkzbgei `ihh‒ihgqubg (@bshkhbk< @bsturfg cgeghgdbog ivghutbvg) Hk okpkobtê `b krtboghkri sugeb virfkhb í rb`gttk be rkppgrtg khh‒itê `ih fkafbeg, ak hg svbhuppg `ihhi kfbhbtê hissbokhb i drkaaktbokhb i hk ogapriesbgei virfkhi sgeg k`iduktb. @bsturfg `ih hbedukddbg isprissbv isprissbvg g (@bscksbk ivghutbvk `b tbpg isprissbvg) Hk okpkobtê `b isprbairsb kttrkvirsg bh hbedukddbg í akroktkaieti becirbgri kh hbvihhg kttisg pir h‒itê, ak hk ogapriesbgei `ih hbedukddbg í eib hbabtb egrakhb. Sb pgssgeg issiri g aieg kegakhbi eihh‒krtboghkzbgei `ib sugeb virfkhb. @bsturfg `ih hbedukddbg rioittbvg (@bscksbk ivghutbvk `b tbpg rioittbvg< sgr`btê sgr`btê virfkhi) Hk okpkobtê `b ogapriesbgei `ih hbedukddbg í kh `b sgttg `ih hbvihhg kpprgprbktg pir h‒itê. Be tuttb b oksb keomi hk isprissbgei virfkhi í akroktkaieti `bsturfktk i hk prg`uzbgei `b sugeb virfkhb í kegakhk.
@BKDEG_B @BCCIVIE^BKHI
Hk `bkdegsb `bcciriezbkhi `ib @_H í pkrtboghkraieti ogaphissk, sgprkttuttg be rihkzbgei khhk kapbk vkrbkfbhbtê betirbe`bvb`ukhi eib tiapb i eib ag`b `b koqubsbzbgei `ih hbedukddbg tbpbok `ihhg svbhuppg egrakhi. B akddbgrb prgfhiab `b `bkdegsb `bcciriezbkhi sb pgedgeg rbspittg khhi siduietb oge`bzbgeb> ;) rbtkr`b trkesbtgrb `ihhg svbhuppg hbedubstbog, okrkttirbzzktb `k uek ogapkrsk `ih hbedukddbg rbtkr`ktk rbspittg khhk egrak i be dieiri ue rioupirg spgetkeig trk b ?3 i b 0: aisb. @ktk hk egtivghi vkrbkfbhbtê eib tiapb `b koqubsbzbgei `ih hbedukddbg tbpbok `ihhg svbhuppg egrakhi ege siapri í ckobhi `bcciriezbkri uek sbtukzbgei `b rbtkr`g `b hbedukddbg `k uek sbtukzbgei `b ‘egrakhbtê‑. Eihhk prktbok puö issiri utbhi ogesb`irkri k rbsombg pir `bcoghtê `b svbhuppg `ih hbedukddbg b fkafbeb omi prisietkeg> ‟ vgokfghkrbg becirbgri becirbgri k 9: pkrghi k 60 aisb i/g ‟ kssiezk `b okpkobtê ogafbektgrbk ogafbektgrbk k ?: aisb. aisb. H‒itê `b ?3 aisb vbiei sidekhktk be `bvirsb stu`b ogai orbtbok pir `iebri bh hbabti trk rbtkr`b rbt kr`b trkesbtgrb i `bsturfb pirsbstietb `ihhg svbhuppg hbedubstbog. 6) `bcoghtê `b svbhuppg `ih hbedukddbg khh‒betireg `ib quk`rb `b `bsgr`bei `ihhg svbhuppg betihhittbvg, psbogkccittbvg, ogaueboktbvg i rihkzbgekhi (Vbtkr`g Aietkhi, @bsturfb Dieirkhbzzktb `ihhg _vbhuppg). B
ogeeb trk quisti pktghgdbi i b @_H ege sgeg siapri ombkrkaieti `ihbabtkfbhb keomi piromâ hk `bcoghtê `b kpprie`baietg `ih hbedukddbg puö rkpprisietkri ue ckttgri `b rbsombg pir hg svbhuppg aietkhi `ih fkafbeg, gstkoghke`g uek kragebok akturkzbgei `ihhi okpkobtê `b ogauebokzbgei i sbafghbzzkzbgei. Ye `bsturfg `b koqubsbzbgei `ih hbedukddbg í keogrk criquietiaieti bh prbag sideg rbvihktgri `b ue rbtkr`g aietkhi, be pkrtboghkri `b drk`g hbivi.
Hk ohkssbokzbgei `ib @_H ihkfgrktk `k Vkpbe (;223) su ue‒kapbk pg pghkzbgei `b fkafbeb be itê prisoghkri oge `bsturfb `ihhk ogauebokzbge ogauebokzbgeii rkpprisietk ue utbhi sbstiak `b rbcirbaietg rbspittg kh prgfhiak `ihhk `bcciriezbkzbgei trk @_H i `bsgr`beb `ihhg spittrg kutbstbog, ghtri k cgr ebri uek spiobok rbspittg k sgttgtbpb `b @_H utbhi k sogpg prgdegstbog i rbkfbhbtktbvg. @bsturfb abstb rioittbvb/ispr rioittbvb/isprissbvb issbvb v irfkhi> drkvi `icbobt `b • Kdegsbk virfkhi
ogapriesbgei i `iog`bcbok cgeghgdbok, oge ogesiduieti sivirg `icbobt isprissbvg. Bh hbedukddbg isprissbvg í kssieti g cgrtiaieti rb`gttg. Hi drkvb `bccboghtê `b `iog`bcbok virfkhi rbogrrgeg pbò spissg eib fkafbeb oge `bsgr`beb `ihhg spittrg kutbstbog rbspittg kb fkafbeb oge @_H. • _be`rgai `k `icbobt cgeghgdbog/sbetkttbog> í hk vkrbketi pbò criquieti `b @_H. Sb rbietrkeg hk akddbgr pkrti `ib @_H be`boktb ogai isprissbvb g privkhietiaieti isprissbvb sioge`g hk prioi`ieti ohkssbcbokzbgei. H‒isprissbgei H‒isprissbgei í okrkttirbzzktk `k ieueobktb frivb i spissg ege drkaaktbokhb< hk cgeghgdbk í `icbobtkrbk i bh vgokfghkrbg rb`gttg< hk ogapriesbgei virfkhi í aieg khtirktk. @bsturfb isprissbvb
Hk ogapriesbgei virfkhi í eittkaieti abdhbgri `ihhk prg`uzbgei. Ogaprie`geg> • @bsprkssbk virfkhi> sgttgtbpg okrkttirbzzktg `k `bsturfg `b prgdrkaakzbgei `ib agvbaietb krtboghktgrb oge ihgqubg bpgchuieti< irrgrb cgeghgdbob ‘irrktbob‑. `icbobt bt `b prgdrkaak prgdrkaakzbgei zbgei cgegh cgeghgdbok gdbok> sgttgtbpg chuieti, oge irrgrb • @bsgr`bei `k `icbo cgeghgdbob pir hg pbò ‘stkfbhb‑, prg`uzbgei virfkhi spissg `bccbobhaieti ogapriesbfbhi. @bsturfb `k `icbobt `ib prgoissb `b betidrkzbgei oietrkhi • @bsgr`bei `k `icbobt hissbokhi> okrkttirbzzktg `k `icbobt `b kooissg i/g rioupirg hissbokhi
oge uek privkhiezk `b irrgrb k tbpg kegabi. Hk prg`uzbgei spgetkeik í okrkttirbzzktk `k `bccboghtê eihhk cgrauhkzbgei `ih `bsogrsg i eihhk ogapriesbgei `b ieueobktb ogaphissb k crgeti `b uek rihktbvk ogesirvkzbgei `ihhi kfbhbtê cgeghgdbomi. [uistg quk`rg rbogrri sbk eib @_H omi eihh‒kutbsag. • @bsgr`bei `k `icbobt siaketbog/prkdaktbog> okrkttirbzzktg `k `bccboghtê `b ogapriesbgei i fbzzkrrbi eib ogetieutb i eihh‒usg `ih hbedukddbg. Ege sgeg sidekhkti `bccboghtê k hbvihhg cgeghgdbog i sbetkttbog, aietri sgeg hi okpkobtê ogevirskzbgekhb k` issiri akddbgraieti khtirkti (`bccboghtê k bebzbkri i sgstieiri uek ogevirskzbgei, k rbspittkri b tureb `ihhk ogevirskzbgei, sokrsk k`iriezk kh ogetistg). Í bh `bsturfg privkhieti eib fkafbeb oge kutbsag< aieg criquieti eib @_H.
Eihhk prktbok ohbebok be prisiezk `b `bcoghtê `b koqubsbzbgei `ih hbedukddbg be fkafbeb trk 60 i ?: aisb puö issiri istriakaieti utbhi tieiri be ogesb`irkzbgei khoueb pkrkaitrb cge`kaietkhb> ‟ hk ivb`iezk `b betiezbge betiezbgekhbtê khbtê ogauebo ogaueboktbvk ktbvk eih fkafbeg fkafbeg,, be`bpie` be`bpie`ieti ietiaieti `kh sbstiak utbhbzzktg pir isprbairsb (og`boi virfkhi, ag`khbtê ogaueboktbvi distukhb)< ‟ hk okpkobtê `b ogapriesbgei ogapriesbgei `ih hbedukddbg. hbedukddbg. Hk prisiezk `b `bcoghtê be quistb kafbtb pgei h‒be`bokzbgei pir uek vkhutkzbgei spiobkhbstbok i uek kekhbsb strutturktk `ih hbvihhg ogdebtbvg, ogaueboktbvg i hbedubstbog.
_i hi okpkobtê `b ogapriesbgei i hk ogapitiezk ogaueboktbvk ege virfkhi `ih fkafbeg sgeg k`idukti khh‒itê sgeg be`boktb cghhgw-up rkvvbobektb eg k ?3 aisb obrok, quke`g, be kssiezk `b uek ivghuzbgei pgsbtbvk, vk bebzbktg bh trkttkaietg. _PVYAIEPB _PVYAI EPB @B SKHYPK^BGEI SKHYPK^BGEI
Hk vkhutkzbgei `ib `bsturfb `b hbedukddbg vk oge`gttk `k spiobkhbstb `ih sittgri i `gvriffi issiri krtboghktk be `bvirsi cksb omi ogesietkeg `b gttieiri sucobietb becgrakzbgeb suh fkafbeg, suhh‒kafbieti i suhh‒ivg huzbgei i ag`bokfbhbtê `ih `bsturfg. Be sbetisb hk vkhutkzbgei `ivi pgtir privi`iri> ;. oghhgqubg oge hk ckabdhbk> ‟ kekaeisb ckabhbkri ‟ kekaeisb `ih fkafbeg ‟ kekhbsb `ihhi okrkttirbstbomi `ihh‒beput hbedubstbog ‟ stktg kttukhi `ihhi ogapitiezi ogaueboktbvi virfkhb i ege virfkhb< 6. kekhbsb `ihh‒ihgqubg `ihh‒ihgqubg spgetkeig be sbtukzbgei sbtukzbgei `b betirkzbgei betirkzbgei oge b ckabhbkrb i oge h‒gssirvktgri< ?. gssirvkzbgei `ih ogapgrtkaietg ogapgrtkaietg i `ihhi `ihhi ag`khbtê `b dbgog< dbgog< 0. kekhbsb hbedubstbok hbedubstbok oge prgvi spiobomi spiobomi drk`ukti suhh‒itê suhh‒itê `ih fkafbeg fkafbeg pir hk vkhutkzbgei `ihhi ogapitiezi cgrakhb (cgeitbo (cgeitbok, k, cgeghgdbk, hissbog, agrcgsbetkssb) i `b usg `ih hbedukddbg be prg`uzbgei i oga priesbgei< 9. vkhutkzbgeb `ih `ih hbvihhg betihhittbvg< betihhittbvg< 3. vkhutkzbgeb eiurgpsboghgdbomi eiurgpsboghgdbomi abrkti abrkti khh‒iskai `b cuezbgeb cuezbgeb ogdebtbvi sittgrbkhb (aiagrbk, cuezbgeb piroittbvi i degsbomi, prkssbi)< 4. iskab spiobkhbstbob eiurghgdbog i GVH i` ivietukhb iskab struaietkhb. ZVGDEG_B
B @_H rkpprisietkeg ue bapgrtketi ckttgri `b rbsombg pir suooissbvb `bsturfb `b hbedukddbg, `ihh‒kpprie`baietg i `ihhg svbhuppg kccittbvg. Dhb stu`b `b cghhgw-up su quisti pgpghkzbgeb be`bokeg hk pirsbstiezk `b `bcoghtê eihh‒krik hbedubstbok eihhk tkr`k beckezbk i be itê k`uhtk be piroietukhb omi gsobhhkeg trk bh 3: i bh ;::% `ib oksb k sioge`k sioge`k `ib orbtirb `b beohusbgei k`gttktb. Beghtri b @_H sgeg criquietiaieti kssgobktb k prgfhiab `b svbhuppg iagzbgekhi, `bcoghtê ogapgrtkaietkhb, bpirkttbvbtê i rbtbrg sgobkhi. Beei ghtri hk aitê `ib fkafbeb oge @_H prisietk `bcoghtê `b kpprie`baietg eib prbab keeb soghkstbob.
PIVKZBK
Yek vghtk omi bh @_H í stktg `bkdegstboktg i omi ei sgeg stkti `iebti hi okrkttirbstbomi be tirabeb `b drkvbtê, `b ogapgeietb `ih sbstiak hbedubstbog betirisskti i `b okrkttirbstbomi `ih cuezbgekaietg ogdebtbvg ogdebtbvg vk bapgstktg ue prgdrkaak `b betirvietg spiobog (tirkpbk `ih hbedukddbg). Dhb stu`b pbò rioietb tie`geg k rbpgrtkri uek ivghuzbgei `ih `bsturfg abdhbgri eib fkafbeb omi sgeg stktb trkttktb priogoiaieti (`kb ? keeb) rbspittg kb fkafbeb be oub h‒betirvietg í stktg tkr`bvg, keomi k okusk `ihhk sgvrkppgsbzbgei sgvrkppgsbzbg ei be quistg sioge`g druppg `b `bsturfb sioge`krb `ihh‒kp prie`baietg i `ihhk `ihhk akturkzbgei kccittbvg-rihkzbgekhi. kccittbvg-rihkzbgekhi. H‒betirvietg hgdgpi`bog suh fkafbeg `ivi issiri koogapkdektg keomi `k ue betirvietg `b oguesihbed oge hk ckabdhbk rbspittg be pkrtboghkri khhi okrkttirbstbomi `ihh‒beput hbedubstbog, khhi ag`khbtê oge oub h‒kafbieti ckabhbkri sb rbvghdi kh fkafbeg i ei koogdhbi hi ag`khbtê ogaueboktbvi. Beei, eib oksb pbò drkvb (be pkrtboghkri quke`g ogisbstkeg `bcoghtê `b ogapriesbgei virfkhi) i be sidubtg k uek kttietk vkhutkzbgei `ihhk sbtukzbgei soghkstbok, skrê eioisskrbg oge`bvb`iri oge hk soughk hi `bcoghtê i b fbsgdeb `ih fkafbeg khhg sogpg, quke`g gppgrtueg, `b ue k`kttkaietg `ihhk `b`kttbok i/g `ihhk eioissbtê `b ue prgdrkaak i`uoktbvg be`bvb `ukhbzzktg. Fbfhbgdrkck issiezbkhi
- Lkamb KD, Ohkrl AL. _piobo hkedukdi bapkbraiet. Mke`f Ohbe Eiurgh. 6:;?<;;;>6;2-64. - Drbzzhi LH, _baas A@. Hkedukdi ke` hikrebed> k `bsoussbge gc typbokh ke` `bsgr`iri` `ivihgpaiet. Ourr Zrgfh Zi`bktr K`ghiso Mikhtm Okri. 6::2;3=-=2.
