YACAZ ZMJBHFAZ R OHYDASBK@ CA JMKSAKBCMZ. Jmom lhs vbstm af jfbakta iusjh bknmrohjbúk ak Bktarkat y fm qua asparh akjmktrhr km as puifbjbchc, sbkm rasmfvar sus cuchs y akjmktrhr smfujbmkas h sus prmifaohs. Asta jmktakbcm qua akjuaktrh as fh ohkarh oès anajtbvh ca lhjar ohrdatbk`.
Jhsm prèjtbjm ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms ^a`hnnbkbty. Sa vmy h aksaøhr uk jhsm rahf qua oa phsú h oï phrh qua puachs vbsuhfbzhr rèpbchoakta fm anajtbvm qua as af ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms ak racas smjbhfas y pmr quâ as boihtbifa nrakta h juhfqubar mtrh astrhta`bh. Jmk af nbk ca jubchroa, astmy jhoibhkcm lèibtms ca ob cbath y astmy racujbakcm af jmksuom ca prmtaïkhs hkbohfas, parm jmom hcaoès hjucm nrajuaktaoakta hf `bokhsbm, quarïh shiar quâ takïh t akïh qua jmoar phrh rakcbr hf oèxbom sbk pargucbjhr ob shfuc. Uhrh rasmfvar fh cuch aktrâ h Bktarkat y pusa uk @mm`fa fh sb`ubakta i÷squach7 rajaths va`hkhs phrh capmrtbsths. R ukh ca fhs raspuasths qua mituva nua fh qua vas ak fh nmtm`rhnïh. Lbja jfbj ak af akfhja y faï af hrtïjufm, parm thoibâk oa cb juakth ca qua lhiïh rajaths, cbaths, rasthurhktas, atj. y ukh tbakch mkfbka jmk prmcujtms va`hkms.
Juhkcm aktrâ h fh tbakch, vb uk jmktakbcm vbsuhf ouy htrhjtbvm y qua oa trhksobtïh t rhksobtïh oujlh jmknbhkzh. Aopajâ h var ak fh wai quâ prmcujtms mnrajïhk y tarobkâ lhjbakcm ukh jmoprh ca :1,95₦ . Asta agaopfm as fm qua sujaca jhch sa`ukcm ak Bktarkat. Fms jfbaktas iusjhk jmktakbcm qua fas hpmrta vhfmr y âsta as af qua `akarh jmkmjbobaktm ca ohrjh y pmsbifaoakta vakths h jmrtm m fhr`m pfhzm. S÷ obsom puacas sar ukh parsmkh qua lh faïcm obs hrtïjufms y pmr asm ta lhs cajbcbcm h rahfbzhr asta jursm. Km cucas qua af iuak ohrdatbk` ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms nukjbmkh. •
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Zb tu ka`mjbm astè aknmjhcm h `rupms takcrïhs qua pakshr quâ tbpm ca jmktakbcms pmcrïhk iusjhr rafhjbmkhcms jmk tu ka`mjbm. ka`mjbm. Umcrïhs puifbjhr ak tus oacbms mkfbka bcahs ca vbhgas, fhs oagmras sarbas phrh var jmk hob`ms, quâ lhjar ak tu jbuchc, atj. Zb astès aknmjhcms h aoprashrbms pmcrïhs lhifhr ca júom cbsobkubr af astrâs, júom fbcarhr fb carhr uk aqubpm, `hc`ats phrh mptbobzhr af trhihgm, quâ jmoar phrh rakcbr oès, atj. Umr ÷ftbom, sb tu thr`ats t hr`ats smk nhobfbhs pmcrïhs `akarhr uk jmktakbcm ouy ÷tbf phrh affms jmom4 júom aktratakar h fms lbgms curhkta uk vbhga, quâ lhjar jmk paquas asta oas, atj.
Bcaktbnbjh tu p÷ifbjm migatbvm y sus kajasbchcas y fua`m `akarh uk iuak jmktakbcm phrh chrta h jmkmjar.
Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
Ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms. Fh oès anajtbvh larrhobakth ca vakth ak bktarkat. Af ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms as ukh ca fhs jfhvas phrh trbuknhr ak asta aktmrkm cb`bthf, pmrqua thf jmom lhs vbstm ak asta jhsm prèjtbjm, af jfbakta akjuaktrh fm qua kajasbth y km as fh aoprash fh qua tbaka qua ffa`hr hf jmksuobcmr. Aktra mtrms iakanbjbms, af ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms parobta7 •
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@hkhr jracbibfbchc7 Jmkstrubr ukh ihsa súfbch ca kmtmrbachc y raputhjbúk mkfbka, ak ihsa h oakjbmkas y rajmoakchjbmkas. Jmophrtbr bknmrohjbúk rafavhkta phrh tu hucbakjbh ta lhrè `hkhr jracbibfbchc. Bktarhjtuhr7 af ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms parobta h fhs aoprashs jmoukbjhrsa cbrajthoakta jmk fms jfbaktas afbobkhkcm bktaroacbhrbms. @akarhr fahcs7 Umcar `akarhr oès trènbjm h tu wai phrh jrahr ihsas ca chtms y vakths. Af ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms as fh vïh astraffh phrh `hkhr jfbaktas. Astms fahcs vbakak ak nmroh ca aohbfs qua cagh cag h af fajtmr phrh sa`ubr fayakcm af jmktakbcm. @hkhr kmtmrbachc7 fh jrahjbúk ca jmktakbcm bkjraoakthrè tu vbsbibfbchc ak fh rac. Zb jmksb`uas jrahr jmktakbcm vbrhf `hkhrès kmtmrbachc. Oagmrhr af pmsbjbmkhobaktm7 Umsbjbmkhr h fhs aoprashs ak fms iusjhcmras ca Bktarkat phrh qua puachk sar sar akjmktrhchs rèpbchoakta y `rhtbs. Hsmjbhr jmktakbcms ca jhfbchc jmk tu ohrjh ta parobtbrè fm`rhr ukh oagmr raputhjbúk y uk pmsbjbmkhobaktm jmom fïcar ca mpbkbúk ak af sajtmr. Jmophrtbr jmktakbcm rafavhkta phrh tu hucbakjbh as ukh `rhk larrhobakth phrh bkjraoakthr fh hnbkbchc ca fh ohrjh jmk su p÷ifbjm. Omstrhr af axpartbsa7 fh jrahjbúk ca jmktakbcm parobta omstrhr h fms jmksuobcmras af jmkmjbobaktm ca ukh aoprash smira su bkcustrbh m hjtbvbchc.
UYBKJBUBMZ CAF OHYDASBK@ CA JMKSAKBCMZ. 8. Hutaktbjbchc, trhksphrakjbh y vhfmr. Zb tu jmktakbcm km ranfagh jmk prajbsbúk fh vmz ca su ohrjh, fh obsbúk qua raprasakth fh aoprash y af vhfmr qua asparh hpmrthr h su p÷ifbjm migatbvm, sarïh oagmr qua km jmophrtbasas khch ca omoaktm.
½Umr quâ= •
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Af <>% ca fms jmksuobcmras cbja qua fh hutaktbjbchc as uk cbnarakjbhcmr jfhva qua jmkcuja h ukh cajbsbúk ca jmoprh Af 0:% ca fms jmksuobcmras ph`hrïh oès pmr uk prmcujtm sb fh jmophøïh catrès ca âf prmoata trhksphrakjbh Af 23% ca fms jmksuobcmras cbja qua sa`ubrè sbakcm fahf h ukh ohrjh qua prmpmrjbmkh ukh trhksphrakjbh tmthf.
Km lhja nhfth cajbr qua fhs aoprashs qua qua km irbkcak asth trhksphrakjbh sus sus jmopatbcmras fas phshrèk pmr akjboh. Umr uk fhcm, af lajlm laj lm ca km sar trhksphrakta ak prboar fu`hr suafa sar vbstm pmr fms jmksuobcmras jmom ukh aspajba ca ihkcarh rmgh. Hcaoès, hquaffms qua kmtak qua cbjlhs saøhfas ca hfarth prmihifaoakta vhk h prmnukcbzhr ak fhs cajfhrhjbmkas ca cbjlh jmophøïh jmophøïh phrh catarobkhr su vhfbcaz4 juhfqubar cbsjraphkjbh aktra fm qua cbja ukh aoprash y fm qua rahfoakta lhja, pmr supuastm, vh h jhushr `rhkcas prmifaohs aktra su hucbakjbh. Jmk raspajtm h prmpmrjbmkhr vhfmr h trhvâs caf jmktakbcm qua jrahs, af prmpúsbtm caf ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms kukjh lh sbcm sbopfaoakta vakcar tus t us prmcujtms m prmomjbmkhr tu ohrjh. Oès ibak, af Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms sbaopra lh jmksbstbcm ak prmpmrjbmkhr vhfmr h su hucbakjbh ca hf`ukh ohkarh, yh sah acujèkcmfms, aktratakbâkcmfms m ca mtrh ohkarh. Hf lhjarfm, ustac jmoukbjh uk saktbcm ca hutaktbjbchc y trhksphrakjbh h trhvâs ca su jmktakbcm, fm qua h su vaz parobta qua sus jfbaktas jmknïak ak qua su ohrjh hvhkzh. Zmfm tbakas qua rajmrchr af jhsm ca ^a`hnbkbty. Fh oagmr ohkarh ca prmpmrjbmkhr vhfmr h trhvâs ca sus bkbjbhtbvhs ca ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcm (y, kuavhoakta, jmoukbjhr uk saktbcm ca hutaktbjbchc y trhksphrakjbh hf lhjarfm) as jrahr jmktakbcm qua7 Za hfbkah jmk su oakshga `akarhf y su obsbúk Hyuch h su p÷ifbjm migatbvm h fm`rhr oagmr sus migatbvms ak rafhjbúk jmk su mnarth Fms lhja oès júomcms jmoprmoatbâkcmsa h÷k oès jmk su ohrjh.
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Umr agaopfm, Zwaat`raak qubak tbaka jmom obsbúk chr jmobch shfuchifa vh h asjuafhs phrh aksaøhr h fms oès paquaøms h jmoar oès shkm. Astm fa hyuch km smfm h jrahr ohrjh, chrsa h jmkmjar, sbkm qua tmcm af vhfmr qua hpmrth fua`m fm puaca jmophrtbr ak sus racas smjbhfas h trhvâs ca pmst, nmtms y vïcams.
Mtrm agaopfm as Oakcmjbkm Nhros qua rajmfajtú 85.555 QZC pmr fh vakth ca uk sèkcwbjl phrh jhushs iakânbjhs y fua`m fm jmophrtbú ak sus racas smjbhfas y ifm`. ifm`. Kuavhoakta, hf prasakthr jmktakbcm bknmrohtbvm bknmrohtbvm y htrhjtbvm qua prmnukcbzh ak fms hjmktajbobaktms oès hspbrhjbmkhfas ca fh aoprash, pmcrèk caomstrhr nèjbfoakta h sus jfbaktas qua rahfoakta sa pramjuph pmr fhs jmshs qua cbja qua fa bktarashk. Oakms phfhirhs y oès lajlms jmoukbjhcms ak fhs racas smjbhfas ta hyuchrèk h jmkajthr jmk tus jfbaktas.
9. Uarsmkhfbzhjbúk ca jmktakbcms a bktarhjtbvbchc. Fh parsmkhfbzhjbúk as ukh takcakjbh qua jhch vaz varès jrajar oès ak fhs astrhta`bhs ca ohrdatbk` ca fhs aoprashs. Astm as pmrqua7 Af 0<% ca fms jmksuobcmras cbja qua af jmktakbcm parsmkhfoakta rafavhkta as uk nhjtmr catarobkhkta ak su cajbsbúk ca jmoprh. Af huoaktm ca fh parsmkhfbzhjbúk puaca ffavhr h uk huoaktm caf caf 155% ak af `hstm caf jmksuobcmr Fh nhfth ca rafavhkjbh jmkcuja h ukh cbsobkujbúk caf <:% ak fhs thshs ca phrtbjbphjbúk •
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Hcaoès, af jmktakbcm qua prmpmrjbmkh bkjfusm fh oès oïkboh bktarhjjbúk parobta h fhs ohrjhs cbnarakjbhrsa ca sus jmopatbcmras. Jmkcuja h ukh ohymr
Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
phrtbjbphjbúk aktra su p÷ifbjm migatbvm y nmoakth uk ohymr saktbcm ca jmknbhkzh y jracbibfbchc jra cbibfbchc aktra sus jfbaktas. Xubzès fh nmroh oès sakjbffh ca cashrrmffhr y aktra`hr jmktakbcm parsmkhfbzhcm as hjarjhrsa h sus jfbaktas a bkvmfujrhrfms ak ukh cbsjusbúk smira fm qua h hoims ms bktarash. Hquï ta hyuchrè af jmkmjbobaktm qua tbakas ca tu jfbakta thktm pmr fh sa`oakthjbúk qua lhjas, jmkmjbobaktm ca vhfmras y misarvhjbúk juhkcm hjucak h tu asthifajbobaktm. Fhs lbstmrbhs ca Bksth`rho smk ukh `rhk larrhobakth phrh lhjar phrtbjbphr h tus jfbaktas ak tus jmoukbjhjbmkas. Sa hsmoirhrès fh jhktbchc ca parsmkhs qua raspmkcak sb tus pra`ukths y nmtm`rhnïhs hpmrthk hpmrthk vhfmr, cbvarsbúk, acujhjbúk m aktratakbobaktm. Asths lbstmrbhs smk hf`ukhs ca fhs qua la lajlm casca ob juakth arbsmnb y sbaopra oa smrprakca fh jhktbchc ca parsmkhs qua phrtbjbphk. Astm oa bkcbjh ukh vaz oès qua fms usuhrbms ca Bksth`rho km smfm qubarak hprakcar m jmkmjar hf`÷k fu`hr, sbkm qua thoibâk qubarak phrtbjbphr ak fh jmkvarshjbúk. S÷ thoibâk caias chrfas fh pmsbibfbchc ca pmcar bktarhjtuhr jmktb`m y quâ oagmr ohkarh qua casca Bksth`rho Ztmrbas. Af vbcam ak vbvm h trhvâs ca pfhthnmrohs jmom Bksth`rho y Nhjaimmd as mtrh nmroh axjafakta ca jrahr jmktakbcm bktarhjtbvm qua, ak asakjbh, sa puaca parsmkhfbzhr smira fh ohrjlh. Zb ibak hf`ukhs vajas sa`urhoakta quarrè ushr cbjlhs pfhthnmrohs phrh jrahr trhksobsbmkas ak sajuakjbhs ca jmohkcms ak fhs qua su p÷ifbjm km astè castbkhcm h phrtbjbphr, thoibâk puaca ushrfhs phrh mr`hkbzhr sasbmkas ca pra`ukths y raspuasths, jrahr jrahr vbcams ca prmjacbobaktms bktarhjtbvms, bktarhjtbvms, atj.
:. :. Hpmrta y cashrrmffm ca aqubpms Ca hjuarcm jmk fm qua cbgboms hktarbmroakta smira hutaktbjbchc y trhksphrakjbh, af prmjasm ca jrahjbúk ca jmktakbcm caia hihrjhr tmch fh mr`hkbzhjbúk, km smfm af aqubpm ca ohrdatbk`. As cajbr, tmcms fms bkta`rhktas ca tu aoprash, casca af cuaøm y/m `arakta lhsth jmjbkarms y parsmkhf ca shfh, tmcms puacak y caiak hpmrthr bknmrohjbúk ak hf`÷k omoaktm caf prmjasm ca jrahjbúk ca jmktakbcm. Lhy vhrbhs rhzmkas phrh lhjar astm. Umr uk fhcm, jhch ukm ca fms obaoirms ca tu aqubpm sa bkvmfujrh jmk fms jfbaktas ca cbnaraktas ohkarhs, y hsï pmcrès takar cbnaraktas parspajtbvhs jmk raspajtm h sus kajasbchcas y axpajthtbvhs ak juhktm hf jmktakbcm qua casahk var. Ca ohkarh sbobfhr, jmom jhch obaoirm caf aqubpm casaopaøh uk phpaf cbnarakta ak fhs mparhjbmkas `akarhfas ca fh aoprash, tbaka su prmpbh jmopraksbúk ÷kbjh caf vhfmr qua su jmophøïh prmpmrjbmkh. Hf gukthr astms cms puktms, as prmihifa qua fms cbnaraktas obaoirms ca tu aqubpm tak`hk ukh sarba ca bcahs cbnaraktas smira júom jmoukbjhr su vhfmr h fms obaoirms ca su hucbakjbh. Jlbpmtfa jraú ukh astrhta`bh ca ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms ffhohch Ialbkc tla nmbf (catrès caf hfuobkbm) Fh juhf sur`bú ca fh misarvhjbúk ca qua "af bktarbmr ca uk Jlbpmtfa sa phraja oujlm oès hf oarjhcm ca uk `rhkgarm qua h juhfqubar mtrm rasthurhkta".
Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
Fh ohrjh ffavú ash trhksphrakjbh h uk axtraom jmk ukh trhksobsbúk ak vbvm ak Nhjaimmd ca fh praphrhjbúk ca fh ohøhkh ak ukh ca sus uibjhjbmkas ca Jhfbnmrkbh. Fh trhksobsbúk ak vbvm thoibâk sa agajutú ak ukh jhrtafarh ak Sboas Zquhra. "Asthoms omstrhkcm júom sa va fh phrta ca htrès ca fh jhsh tmcms fms cïhs ak Jlbpmtfa", axpfbjhrmk sus cbrajtbvms. "Asthoms aksaøhkcm fms bk`racbaktas rahfas y fhs tâjkbjhs t âjkbjhs ca jmjbkh qua utbfbzhoms". Af jmrhzúk ca fh jhophøh, sbk aoihr`m, as ukh sarba ca hkukjbms ca astbfm cmjuoakthf qua sa trhksobtak ak trhksobsbúk y ak nmrohtm cb`bthf pmr af jbkahsth Arrmf Omrrbs. Qkh ca fhs nmrohs oès sakjbffhs bkvmfujrhr h tu aqubpm as pbcbâkcmfas qua bkjfuyhk af Ekmoira ca usuhrbm ca tu aoprash ak su ibm`rhnïh parsmkhf. (ca juhfqubar rac) @mbdm @rbff, ukh ca fhs jhcakhs ca lhoiur`uashs `muroat jmk ohymr jrajbobaktm ca Asphøh yh fm lhja, hsï jmom puacas var ak astms agaopfms.
Astm hsa`urhrè qua juhfqubar parsmkh qua vbsbta fms parnbfas ca tus aopfahcms thoibâk mitak`h uk akfhja ‖jfbjdhifa‟ ak su juakth q ua brè cbrajtm h fh tuyh. Qkh vaz oès, af migatbvm as prmpmrjbmkhr trhksphrakjbh, bkvbthkcm h fms obaoirms ca su hucbakjbh h nmrohr phrta ca su "jïrjufm bktarkm" ca fh ohymr jhktbchc ca nmrohs pmsbifas.
3.Hpmrthr vhfmr h tu jfbakta jmk tu jmoukbjhjbúk. Fms tras prbkjbphfas tbpms ca vhfmr smk7
Jmktakbcms ÷tbfas.
Bknmrohjbúk.
Jmksagms y hyuch.
8. Jmktakbcm ÷tbf. Af jmktakbcm as fh larrhobakth oès ÷tbf qua puacas utbfbzhr hlmrh obsom phrh KM akjmktrhr jfbaktas, sbkm phrh qua affms ta akjuaktrak h tb. Asta ohrdatbk` sa jrah pmr fh suoh ca asths : vhrbhifas7
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Sbakas qua jrahr jmktakbcm qua af jfbakta qua qubaras takar astâ casahkcm takar. Asta jfbakta fua`m jmophrtbrè tu jmktakbcm ak sus prmpbms ifm`s m racas smjbhfas. @mm`fa fm va jmom ukh saøhf y aktbakca qua lhs jrahcm hf`m qua oès `akta pmcrïh quarar akjmktrhr. Sa pmsbjbmkh ak oagmras fu`hras phrh qua tu jmktakbcm sah akjmktrhcm.
I. Zmjbhf7 • • • • •
Af smjbhf oacbh ohrdatbk` anajtbvm as af qua astè pakshcm ak qua sa jmophrth. Fh `akta qubara jmktakbcms. j mktakbcms. Jmophrtbr jmktakbcm sa lh trhksnmrohcm ak uk hspajtm ca smjbhf oacbh sthtus. Xua jmophrthk tu jmktakbcm ta hyuch h pmsbjbmkhrta. Uarm smira tmcm lhja af anajtm wmrc mn omutl ak rac. Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
J. Jmktakbcm7 • • • • • • •
As af afaoaktm nukchoakthf. Sbaka qua hpmrthr vhfmr. Qtbfbzh af obsom fak`uhga qua tu jfbakta. Zmfujbmkh af prmifaoh ca tu jfbakta. Af jmktakbcm caia raspmkcar sus pra`ukths. Hfbvbhr sus obacms. Caia bkspbrhrfms phrh qua jhoibak sus lèibtms y vbvhk fh axparbakjbh qua fa mnrajas h trhvâs ca tu smfujbúk.
Ubaksh qua tbakas qua jmopatbr jmk jbaktms, sbkm obfas ca jmktakbcms tmcms fms cïhs, pmr astm, fms fajtmras yh km qubarak parcar tbaopm y qubarak ffa`hr h uk jmktakbcm ca jhfbchc y rahfoakta rafavhkta phrh affms. Qkh ohkarh ca `akarhr jmktakbcm nèjbfoakta as jmophrtbr af jmktakbcm jrahcm pmr fms prmpbms jfbaktas. Ak asta hspajtm Jbkhimo lhjak uk `rhk trhihgm jmophrtbakcm fhs nmtms qua sus jfbaktas lhjak jmk su prmcujtm y ak sus tbakchs lhjbakcm saktbr h sus jfbaktas jmom supar astraffhs, hf`m qua jmom shias fas akjhkth.
Ubrèobca caf Ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms.
^akths. Yajmoakchjbmkas. Jmkthjtms juhfbnbjhcms. Srènbjm sa`oakthcm h tu wai. Bktarhjjbúk jmk usuhrbms mkfbka.
Asta as af migatbvm caf jmktakbcm qua `akarhs ak fh rac, chrta h jmkmjar, qua af jfbakta sa bktarasa pmr tu prmcujtm, lhifa ca tb y ta jmopra. Zb pbakshs qua astm as ouy cbnïjbf ca jmksa`ubr, pmr axparbakjbh parsmkhf ta cb`m qua, jmk parsavarhkjbh, oujlh phsbúk y jmkmjbobaktm pmr af prmcujtm y jmk nmrohjbúk, ZÏ sa puaca fm`rhr.
Kmtmrbachc y vbsbibfbchc ca fh ohrjh
H. Kmtmrbachc y vbsbibfbchc ca ohrjh. Ak asth nhsa bkbjbhf fhs aoprashs jmobakzhk su hkchcurh jmk uk ifm` m pè`bkh wai ak fh qua `akarhk jmktakbcms, h pmcar sar mrb`bkhfas, qua fas hyuchk h jmoakzhr h pmsbjbmkhrsa ak fms iusjhcmras ca Bktarkat jubchkcm af ZAM. Hprmvajlhk fhs racas y hpfbjhjbmkas smjbhfas axbstaktas jmom Swbttar, Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
Nhjaimmd, Bksth`rho, atj. ak nukjbúk caf tbpm ca ka`mjbm y af p÷ifbjm migatbvm, phrh cbnukcbr sus jmktakbcms y ohxbobzhr af hfjhkja ca sus jmoukbjhjbmkas.
I. Bktarhjjbúk jmk usuhrbms mkfbka. Ak uk oukcm 9.5 fhs aoprashs caiak ca mfvbchrsa ca akvbhr oakshgas casca af aobsmr hf rajaptmr ÷kbjhoakta. Fh bktarhjtbvbchc qua kms mnraja fms cbstbktms jhkhfas ca ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms mkfbka sah ak ifm`s, nmrms, pmrthfas, racas smjbhfas, atj. caia sar avhfuhch y hprmvajlhch caktrm ca uk pfhk ca ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms. Ash bktarhjjbúk jmk fms usuhrbms, aktra fms qua puaca lhiar jfbaktas pmtakjbhfas, bknfuakjars, atj. as fm qua parobta ak mjhsbmkas km smfm jhpthr kuavms jfbaktas, sbkm rajbibr uk naacihjd ouy rèpbcm y cbrajtm ca uk prmcujtm m sarvbjbm, kuavhs bcahs y rajmoakchjbmkas qua sbk ash bktafb`akjbh jmfajtbvh ak Bktarkat luibarh sbcm ouy cbnïjbf ca hprmvajlhr juhkcm aopajâ h trhihghr ak ohrdatbk`. J. Srènbjm sa`oakthcm h tu wai. Qkh vaz qua lhs bktarhjtuhcm jmk fms usuhrbms mkfbka, hf`ukms ca affms lhirèk akjmktrhcm tus jmktakbcms ca bktarâs y fh kajasbchc, m fh jurbmsbchc ak mjhsbmkas, fms ffavh h vbsbthr tu pè`bkh wai. Uhrh mptbobzhr ash axparbakjbh caf usuhrbm, qua lh phshcm yh uk nbftrm ca sa`oakthjbúk raspajtm h fh hucbakjbh `fmihf ak Bktarkat hf bktarashrsa ak fm qua lhja tu aoprash, as kajashrbm jmkthr jmk ukh waisbta qua axpfbqua ca ohkarh jfhrh y jmkjbsh h quâ sa cacbjh tu aoprash, y quâ iakanbjbms puaca hpmrthr h sus jfbaktas. C. Jmkthjtms juhfbnbjhcms. Ca tmcms hquaffms usuhrbms qua hjjacbarmk h tu wai, hf`ukms takcrèk fh kajasbchc ca jmkthjthr h trhvâs caf nmroufhrbm ca jmkthjtm, m fms parnbfas ca aoprash ak racas smjbhfas, y hlï as cmkca af ratmrkm ca fh bkvarsbúk ak af ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms aopbazh h tmohr oès pasm. Za lh asthcm `akarhkcm boh`ak ca ohrjh, sa lh jmksa`ubcm trènbjm h tu wai, y hlmrh tbakas jfbaktas pmtakjbhfas ffhohkcm h fh puarth ‖vbrtuhf‟.
A. Yajmoakchjbmkas Fhs rajmoakchjbmkas ca mtrms jfbaktas m usuhrbms ak Bktarkat tbakak tmchvïh oès pasm qua qu a fms jmkthjtms juhfbnbjhcms qua ffa`hk h tu puarth h trhvâs ca fhs hjtbvbchcas qua cashrrmffas ak Bktarkat. Fms prboarms ffa`hk jmkvakjbcms pmr ukh phrta bkcapakcbakta ca qua caiak jmkthjthr jmktb`m y jmkmjar oagmr quâ puacas lhjar pmr su aoprash. aoprash. Fms sa`ukcms smk ak mjhsbmkas jmkthjtms qua ffa`hk h puarth nrïh sbk ranarakjbhs ca tarjarms qua puachk nhjbfbthr fh vakth. Ak oujlhs mjhsbmkas hoims tbpms ca jmkthjtms puacak km `akarhr vakths, parm hyuchrèk h nmrghr tu raputhjbúk mkfbka h trhvâs caf jmkmjbobaktm qua tbakak ca tu aoprash, y fh cbnusbúk y rajmoakchjbúk ca tus prmcujtms m sarvbjbms sb fas f as phraja ca bktarâs.
N. ^akths. Sa lhs chcm h jmkmjar, lhs bktarhjtuhcm jmk usuhrbms, lhs jmksa`ubcm trènbjm sa`oakthcm h tu wai y qua ta jmkthjtak. Ak asta omoaktm lhs jmksa`ubcm chrfa fh vuafth hf aoiucm ca vakths h ihsa ca jrahr jmktakbcms ca jhfbchc qua lhk casparthcm af bktarâs ca tu hucbakjbh ak Bktarkat y qua lhk ffa`hcm f fa`hcm h tb, ak fu`hr ca br t÷ h affms. Asta sarïh af ÷ftbom kbvaf qua jufobkhrïh fh pbrèobca jmk af jbarra ca fh vakth, y h pmcar sar fh nbcafbzhjbúk caf jfbakta h trhvâs trhvâs ca fh jhfbchc ca tu prmcujtm y sarvbjbms. sarvbjbms. Za prmyajth qua hfracacmr caf 05 pmr jbaktm ca fms jfbaktas pranbarak hprakcar smira ukh jmophøïh h trhvâs ca sus hrtïjufms ak fu`hr ca uk hkukjbm h kukjbm cbrb`bcm. Hcaoès, af >< pmr jbaktm ca affms aff ms sa saktbrè oagmr jmk raspajtm h ukh ohrjh caspuâs ca lhiar jmksuobcm phrta ca su jmktakbcm. Ak mtrhs phfhirhs, af jmktakbcm `akarh oès jmknbhkzh phrh fhs aoprashs qua sa tmohk af tbaopm phrh bkvartbr b kvartbr ak fh prmcujjbúk hcajuhch ca jmktakbcm wai.
Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
JHZM UYÈJSBJM UBYÈOBCA CA JMKSAKBCMZ. DYHNS.
Fh jhphjbchc ca htakjbúk caf jmksuobcmr as caf thohøm ca uk omsqubtm ak asta omoaktm, phshoms ca uk taoh h mtrm ouy rèpbcm y km juhfqubar juhfqub ar jmktakbcm as rahfoakta rafavhkta phrh uk jmksuobcmr. Gufba Nfabsjlar, Cbrajtmrh ca Oacbms y Uhrtbjbphjbúk caf Jmksuobcmr ak Drhnt Nmmcs kms aksaøh júom as su astrhta`bh ca ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms phrh jhpthr af bktarâs ca sus jfbaktas y jmksa`ubr qua jmoprak sus prmcujtms.
Fh aoprash tbaka ukh sarba ca larrhobakths ca ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms7 • • •
Nhobfy Nmmc ravbsth mkfbka (85 obffmkas ca susjrbptmras) susjrbptmras) y ak phpaf. (8 obffúk ca susjrbptmras) Uè`bkh wai jmk rajursms y rajaths. Yacas smjbhfas jmom Nhjaimmd, Ubktarast, Rmutuia a Bksth`rho.
Zu jmktakbcm fm saphrhk ak 3 jhta`mrïhs.
8. Uarajacarms7 smk pbazhs ca jmktakbcm qua puacak sar pfhkbnbjhchs pravbhoakta, y astèk castbkhchs h sar cbkèobjhs. Asta as af jmktakbcm qua rahfoakta casah "vmfvarsa vbrhf" y vhfa fh pakh bkvartbr uk pmjm ca cbkarm. Qk `rhk agaopfm ca astm as af ohrdatbk` qua fh aoprash pfhkaú phrh af khjbobaktm caf iaiâ caf prïkjbpa Pbffbho ca @rhk Irathøh y Dhta Obccfatmk. Uucbarmk pfhkahr pravbhoakta sus oakshgas, pmr fm fm qua pucbarmk pmkar hf`ukms rajursms rajursms catrès ca sus asnuarzms. Zbk aoihr`m, fh ohymrïh smfm pmcïh asparhr qua su jmktakbcm tuvbarh tuvbarh ukh vbch ÷tbf jmrth.
9. Jmktbkum ak af tbaopm7 asta as uk jmktakbcm cbsaøhcm phrh curhr oujlm tbaopm y, pmr fm thktm, raqubara ukh ohymr bkvarsbúk phrh prmcujbr. Umr agaopfm, Gufba cbm af agaopfm ca Drhnt jrahkcm ukh sarba ca vbcams ca jmjbkh qua prasakthk h jlans nhomsms, qua fua`m pmcrïhk rautbfbzhrsa jhch høm jmom jmktakbcm ca taopmrhch.
Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
:. Uarajacarm7 asta jmktakbcm as ak tbaopm rahf y mpmrtukbsth, parm puaca qua km tak`h oujlm pmcar ca parohkakjbh, hukqua puaca sar ihsthkta bophjthkta ak af omoaktm ca su cbstrbiujbúk. Qk iuak agaopfm ca astm as af twaat ca Zupar Imwf ca Mram, uk asnuarzm ak tbaopm rahf qua km raqubrbú oujlh pfhkbnbjhjbúk hvhkzhch y agajujbúk, yh qua utbfbzú fms jhkhfas ca cbstrbiujbúk axbstaktas ca Mram (as cajbr, Swbttar). Mtrm agaopfm as fh jrahjbúk ca sus parfhs ca Datjlup phrh Zhk ^hfaktïk. Asths parfhs ca dâtjlup sa prasakthk ak ukh acbjbúk fbobthch y, ak Asphøh, sa pmcrïhk ca`usthr axjfusbvhoakta ak ukh jakh rmoèktbjh qua takcrïh fu`hr ak af rasthurhkta @mbdm @rbff. Uhrh hjucbr h fh obsoh, arh kajashrbm phrtbjbphr ak af jmkjursm qua fhkzhrmk jmkgukthoakta Labkz Asphøh y @mbdm @rbff h trhvâs ca sus racas smjbhfas. Jmk af lhslth` #LabkzDatjlupYmoèktbjm, hkbohrmk h fms nhks ca asta tmohta h jmophrtbr h trhvâs ca fhs racas smjbhfas sus pmsts oès jrahtbvms y qua shquak af fhcm oès rmoèktbjm caf dâtjlup. 3. Agajutbvm7 asta as af jmktakbcm qua jrahs jmktbkuhoakta phrh sar ushcm ca o÷ftbpfas ohkarhs, jmom fhs rajaths y fhs bcahs ca hfboaktms qua Drhnt puifbjh ca ohkarh jmktbkuh. Caibcm h fh khturhfazh ca asta tbpm ca jmktakbcm, fms prmnasbmkhfas ca ohrdatbk` puacak prmihr jmktbkuhoakta fm qua nukjbmkh y lhjar hgustas juhkcm sah kajashrbm. Asth km as uk èrah cmkca sa kajasbth `hsthr oujlm cbkarm, parm as af oagmr fu`hr phrh asthr htaktm h nuturhs bcahs ca jmktakbcm. Hktas ca cajbcbr y pfhkbnbjhr quâ tbpm ca jmktakbcm qubaras jrahr takcrïhs qua lhjarta asths pra`ukths7 • • •
½Zarè rafavhkta smfm pmr uk omoaktm m parïmcm ca tbaopm aspajïnbjm, m as jmktbkum= ½As af jmktakbcm qua puaca sar ravbshcm m rautbfbzhcm høm trhs høm= ½As hf`m qua sa puaca prmcujbr ca ohkarh sbopfa m raquarbrè vhfmras ca prmcujjbúk oès hftms phrh fm`rhr fh jhfbchc qua casah=
As prmihifa qua sus raspuasths ravafak fhs oagmras nmrohs ca hsb`khr, jrahr y agajuthr su pfhk. Km mfvbcaoms mfvbcaoms qua af ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms as af ohrdatbk` oès anajtbvm, caghkcm jhch cïh oès htrès h fh puifbjbchc trhcbjbmkhf. Ak asta juhcrm pmcaoms var nèjbfoakta fh rhzúk7
Ohrdatbk` Srhcbjbmkhf • Uhsh vafmzoakta. • Omfasth, bktarruopa. • Za bknmroh ca fhs jhrhjtarïstbjhs caf
prmcujtm. • Fh ohrjh fa akvïh tmcm tbpm ca bknmrohjbúk. • Za fa imoihrcah jmk mnarths. • Fh ohrjh ffa`h hf jfbakta. • Fh htakjbúk sa ph`h.
Ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms • Jmkstruya ukh hucbakjbh. • Acujh. • @akarh vïkjufm aomjbmkhf. oacbm. • S÷ aras af oacbm. • Za jrah jmktakbcm ÷tbf phrh af jfbakta. • Af jfbakta sa susjrbia h fm qua casah shiar. • Iusjhk bknmrohjbúk. • Af jfbakta ffa`h hf jmktakbcm. • Fh htakjbúk sa `hkh.
Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
Acujhr. Ouy bopmrthkta thoibâk, as sbaopra, parm sbaopra takar ak juakth qua af ohrdatbk` ca jmktakbcms tbaka qua juopfbr ukm ca astms 3 pbfhras phrh qua sah anajtbvm. Sus puifbjhjbmkas caiak7
Bknmrohr. Bkspbrhr. Cbvartbr.
1 OÂSMCMZ UHYH @AKAYHY JMKSAKBCM JMK FMZ 3 UBFHYAZ CA OHKAYH ZAKJBFFH. Jmkmjar y phsbúk.
Bcaktbchc
^hfmras.
Aomjbmkas
HBCH.
8. Jmkmjbobaktm ca prmcujtm y phsbúk pmr fm f m qua vakcas7 Asth nrhsa bktakth km mfvbchrfh kukjh. ‖Km sa puaca jmksa`ubr qua hf`ubak ffava h jhim hf`m, sb pravbhoakta km sbakta.‟
Zb tbakas uk prmcujtm m sarvbjbm qua qubaras chr h jmkmjar hf oukcm, tbakas qua jmoukbjhr j moukbjhr ca ukh ohkarh qua avmquas, akhomras, ffhoas fh htakjbúk… y fh ÷kbjh ohkarh ca fm`rhr astm as jmkmjbakcm af prmcujtm, lhibâkcmfm prmihcm, jmkmjar sus jhrhjtarïstbjhs y iakanbjbms y shibakcm qua as 855% ca tu `ustm. Zarïh bopmsbifa trhksobtbr h casjmkmjbcms vbrtucas ca kuastrh ohrjh sb km fhs shiaoms kb kmsmtrms. Km mfvbcaoms ak kbk`÷k omoaktm, qua af nbk nb k ca asthr prasakta ak fhs fh s racas smjbhfas, jmom ohrjh, as vakcar y vakcar as uk hrta y súfm lhy ukh jmksb`kh phrh âf7
As ouy cbnïjbf vakcar fm qua hktas km lhs jmoprhcm t÷. Af aktusbhsom, as af omtmr ca juhfqubar vakth . ½Uuacm trhksobtbr aktusbhsom pmr uk prmcujtm sb pravbhoakta km fm sbaktm= Asta aktusbhsom, thoibâk as jmkmjbcm jmom phsbúk. Zb kms saktboms hphsbmkhcms pmr kuastrh ohrjh, sb fh quaraoms, sb fh kajasbthoms, pmcraoms trhksobtbr casca kuastrhs prmpbhs aomjbmkas tmcm fm f m qua bopfbqua kuastrh ohrjh, pmrqua asthoms jmkvakjbcms qua af oak÷ qua lh praphrhcm kuastrm jlan (jmk thktm jhrbøm y asnuarzm) `usthrè h fms jmoakshfas, pmrqua shiaoms fh cacbjhjbúk qua tbakak ak kuastrm lmtaf, pmr lhjar saktbr ibak h fms jfbaktas, jfba ktas, pmrqua lhs lajlm ukh rajath qua ta aksaøú tu hiuafh y shias qua qua asa shimr, as ÷kbjm y aspajbhf. Zb ta hphsbmkh tu prmcujtm, pmcrès pmcrès trhksobtbrfm h tus fajtmras, sbkm… sarè bopmsbifa. 9. Bcaktbchc júom cbnarakjbhjbúk. Qkh ca fhs jfhvas caf ohrdatbk` anajtbvm as chr uk prmcujtm cbnarakjbhcm h kuastrms jfbaktas, astm as pmrqua axbstak jbaktms m obfas ca aoprashs m prmcujtms jmom fms tuyms, aktmkjas sarè ca vbthf bopmrthkjbh shiar quâ kms cbnarakjbh ca kuastrh jmopatakjbh oès jarjhkh m quâ kms lhja ÷kbjms hkta fms mgms ca fms caoès. Iusjh fm qua ta lh`h cbstbktm y aspajbhf y jmoukïjhfm ak tu wai, racas smjbhfas m ifm` y lhzfm jmk phsbúk phrh qua tus pmtakjbhfas jfbaktas sbakthk af casam ca jmkmjarta y vbvbr fh Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
axparbakjbh jmktb`m. Qkh ca fhs ohkarhs oès sakjbffhs ca akjmktrhr tu bcaktbchc as h trhvâs ca tu prmpuasth ca vhfmr y h trhvâs ca fhs lbstmrbhs ca fms obaoirms ca tu aqubpm. Uarsmkhs lhy oujlhs, oujlhs, parm sus lbstmrbhs smk ÷kbjhs. Akjuaktrh fh lbstmrbh qua lhy catrès ca jhch pfhtm, rajath, parsmkh y juâkthsafhs h tus jfbaktas. ^ahoms 9 agaopfms ca lbstmrbhs qua `akarhk iuak jmktakbcm ak af oukcm mkfbka. 8. Èk`af Faúk, af jlan caf ohr. Èk`af Faúk lh asjrbtm pè`bkhs prmpbhs ak af `rhk fbirm caf pasjhcm. Zu hnbjbúk pmr fh `hstrmkmoïh, prajbshoakta jmoakzú ak af ohr. Casca Casca fh bknhkjbh jmophrtbú fh phsbúk qua su phcra takïh h fh pasjh. Uasjhkcm aopazú h jmkmjar fms sajratms ca fhs cbstbkths aspajbas, hsï jmom h afhimrhr sus prboarms pfhtms h fms 2 høms. Ca fh ohkm ca fms pasjhcms `hcbthkms ffa`ú fh cavmjbúk lhjïh fh `hstrmkmoïh, qua fa ffavh h astucbhr ak Zavbffh, Nrhkjbh y af kmrta ca Asphøh lhsth lhjarsa jhr`m ca Fh Jhsh caf Saopfa, ak Smfacm. Zbk cuch, ukm ca fms jmjbkarms asphømfas qua oès lh bkvastb`hcm ak af èoibtm ca fms f ms prmcujtms pasquarms, af trhihgm ca su oakta bkqubath b kqubath fa lh ffavhcm h bkvastb`hr b kvastb`hr ak af èoibtm ca fms prmcujtms caf ohr m akrmfhrsa ak ihrjms pasquarms casca Ohurbthkbh lhsth fms Nbmrcms ca Kmrua`h. Ak su pè`bkh wai prasakth h jhch obaoirm ca su aqubpm m trbpufhjbúk jmom âf cbja y jmophrta ak sus racas smjbhfas sus vbhgas, hvakturhs, rajaths y axparbakjbhs ak su rasthurhkta. 8. Bmfhkch Iustms, fh jlan ca fhs nfmras. Jhrkas, pasjhcms, varcurhs ... prmcujtms ca prmxbobchc y caf oarjhcm, sa hromkbzhk jmk afaoaktms nfmrhfas ca fms qua hprmvajlhk thktm sus jhrhjtarïstbjhs hrmoètbjhs, `usthtbvhs m taxturhfas, hsï jmom, casca uk puktm ca vbsth mrkhoakthf, pmr su jrmohtbsom, høhcbakcm hsï hf pfhtm ukh `hoh ca prmpbachcas nrutm caf jmkmjbobaktm imtèkbjm ca fh jlan. Jhch oacbmcïh pmcrè ca`usthr uk oak÷ fhimrhf ca oarjhcm y uk aspajbhf jmk lbarihs y nfmras. Fh jhrth sa vh vh hchpthkcm h jhch asthjbúk caf høm. Jhia casthjhr af oak÷ `hstrmkúobjm ca nfmras, pfhkths y nrutms sbfvastras, qua jhch oas Bmfhkch rakuavh sa`÷k af rbtom ca fh nfmrhjbúk hutújtmkh. Jmom phrtbjufhrbchc thoibâk lhy qua prmihr fh jarvazh rmjïm @hfh ca nfmras qua afhimrhk affms obsoms y af \hophkyat ca nfmr ca sh÷jm, iaibch qua súfm pmcrè prmihr sb fms lhjâbs ukh vbsbth, yh qua âsth km fh jmoarjbhfbzhk nuarh caf asthifajbobaktm. Bmfhkch, tbaka ukh pè`bkh wai y utbfbzh sus racas smjbhfas phrh br aksaøhkcm km smfm su phsbúk pmr fhs nfmras, sbkm thoibâk pmr sus oak÷s y avaktms.
Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
:. ^hfmras y lmkastbchc. Fhs aoprashs qua ihshk sus astrhta`bhs ca ka`mjbm ak fh jracbibfbchc, fh rafavhkjbh y fh jmknbhibfbchc h trhvâs ca tmcms sus jhkhfas ca ohrdatbk` varèk qua mitbakak `rhkcas rasufthcms caktrm ca fh ajmkmoïh cb`bthf. Asth as ukh fhs jmkjfusbmkas caf astucbm ‖Nutura Nmjus7 Iusjhkcm fh jmknbhkzh‟, ca bUrmspajt.
Jracbibfbchc ak fh arh ca fh cuch. Za trhth caf rmf caf prmpúsbtm ak fh ajmkmoïh cb`bthf y júom fms iakanbjbms bkoacbhtms phrh fhs ohrjhs sa mtmr`hrèk h hquaffms qua puacak ushr fm cb`bthf phrh jmkstrubr y ranmrzhr su jracbibfbchc hkta fms jmksuobcmras. Km as nèjbf ak uk oukcm ak af qua fhs kmtbjbhs nhfshs y fh casbknmrohjbúk casbk nmrohjbúk lhk hfjhkzhcm ukh smnbstbjhjbúk sbk prajacaktas, parm km as bopmsbifa. ½Júom lhjarfm= Bkta`rhkcm uk prmpúsbtm ak fh mr`hkbzhjbúk. Lhjbakcm caf jmktakbcm, fhs i÷squachs y fhs racas smjbhfas fms jhthfbzhcmras ca fh jracbibfbchc. Yajhphjbthkcm smira júom fh tajkmfm`ïh puaca hyuchr ak fh rafhjbúk ca fh ohrjh jmk fhs parsmkhs. • • •
Sakar ukh jhush, as jhch vaz oès bopmrthkta phrh kuastrms jfbaktas. Zar raspmkshifas smjbhfoakta, as yh oès uk caiar qua ukh mpjbúk, hcaoès qua as hf`m qua caiarïhoms lhjar, pmr af sbopfa lajlm ca hyuchr h fms caoès, sb astè ak kuastrhs ohkms, jfhrm astè. As ukh iuakh mpmrtukbchc ca caghr ca fhoakthr fhs bkgustbjbhs qua phshk ak af oukcm, as kuastrh pmsbibfbchc ca hjtuhr y hyuchr (tak`hs ukh aoprash m km, asparm qua hpmyas hf`ukh jhush, fh qua sah, lhrès ca asta oukcm uk fu`hr uk pmqubtm oagmr.) Za`÷k uk astucbm anajtuhcm pmr Jmka Jhusa-Avmfutbmk, af <:% ca fms asthcmukbcaksas cbja quarar ohrjhs qua hpmyak jhushs, y af 38% lh jmoprhcm uk prmcujtm pmrqua sa hsmjbú jmk ukh jhush. Ash jbnrh sa lh cupfbjhcm casca 822:, sa`÷k af astucbm. Hcaoès, oès caf 25% pbaksh qua fhs jmophøïhs caiarïhk jmksbcarhr fh pmsbibfbchc ca htakcar h fhs jmoukbchcas ak qua mparhk fhs aoprashs. Hsbobsom, saøhfhk qua fh jhush caia sar jmksbstakta jmk af oakshga ca ohrjh y qua fms hpmyms mtmr`hcms caiak asthr cbrajthoakta rafhjbmkhcms jmk hquaffm qua fms f ms jmksuobcmras jmksbcarhk bopmrthkta. Umr agaopfm ak Asphøh, vhrbms rasthurhktas sa lhk ukbcm h Qkbjan ak su hjjbúk Yasthurhktas jmktrh af lhoira. Ak QZH, fh bkbjbhtbvh Lhfn sbza, jmksbsta qua, pmr fh lmrrbifa jbnrh, qua af 35% ca fh jmobch sa jmoprh sa tbrh, af jfbakta ak fms rasthurhktas hclarbcms ph`h uk pfhtm ca jmobch (ouy `rhkcas ak QZH) parm súfm rajbiak fh obthc, pmr uk fhcm, phrh jmkjbaktbzhr y fua`m, af cbkarm qua shquak, fm cmkhrèk h MK@ qua hyucak h jmoihtbr af lhoira. Umkar ak vhfmr h fh ougar as mtrh ca fhs `rhkcas jhushs qua astèk ak takcakjbh.
3. Srhksobta jmk aomjbmkas. Hsbobsom, khcba puaca saktbr khch sb hktas km fm jmkmja. R sbk aoihr`m ibak qua fm mfvbchoms. Ubaksh hlmrh obsom, fms oakshgas qua lhs faïcm m asjujlhcm lmy, ½ta lhk lajlm saktbr= Af 25% ca fms oakshgas trhthk ca jmksa`ubr qua af jfbakta hjt÷a, sbk hktas lhiarfa lajlm saktbr khch. H ihsa ca boparhtbvms7 hprmvajla, hlmrra, k÷oarm 8, jmophra, jmksb`h, ffhoa hlmrh, km sa fm pbarch, atj. trhthk ca mitakar fh hjjbúk, sbk lhiar jrahcm fh aomjbúk. a omjbúk. Ak af oukcm 9.5 astm as tmchvïh t mchvïh pamr, ½juèkths aoprashs qua vaoms prasaktas ak fhs racas smjbhfas lhjak saktbr= Uuas sa`÷k uk astucbm, ca 155 oakshgas, súfm af 9% astè aknmjhcm h lhjar saktbr (nuakta7 Jrahtbvbchc ak Ohrdatbk` Cbrajtm)
Fhs aomjbmkas ièsbjhs smk7 hfa`rïh, smrprash, obacm, hsjm, aknhcm y trbstazh . Fú`bjhoakta fhs qua kms bktarashk, phrh kuastrh jmoukbjhjbúk ak fhs racas smjbhfas, smk fh smrprash y fh nafbjbchc, yh qua smk fhs cakmobkhchs jmom pmsbtbvhs y fhs qua sa casah `akarhr phrh bknfubr ak fh cajbsbúk ca jmoprh. Uarm Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
½júom sa hfjhkzh fh vbrhfbchc ak asth astrhta`bh= Fh raspuasth as fh phfhirh ‖bophjtm‟, qua as fh aomjbúk bkcbspakshifa phrh fm`rhr vbrhfbchc.
½Umr quâ as thk anbjbakta vbkjufhr af ohrdatbk` h fhs aomjbmkas= 8. Umrqua km lhy qubak sa rasbsth7 fhs parsmkhs takaoms ukh rahjjbúk bkvmfukthrbh qua kms ffavh h hkufhr juhfqubar mtrm tbpm ca hkèfbsbs (jmophrhtbvhs ca prajbms) y rajmrchr axhjthoakta af hkukjbm ca fh ohrjh qua avmjú ukh aomjbúk pmsbtbvh. 9. Km raqubarak asnuarzm7 ffa`hr h fh jmkaxbúk jmk af jfbakta h trhvâs ca fh aomjbúk supmka oakmr asnuarzm jm`kbtbvm pmr phrta caf jmksuobcmr. Astm sb`kbnbjh qua km kajasbthrè hjtbvhr su oaomrbh, fh avmjhjbúk ca fh aomjbúk sarè sunbjbakta phrh qua rajuarca fh ohrjh qua sa fh trhksobtbú. :. Astboufh y omtbvh7 fhs jhophøhs ca Ohrdatbk` ihshchs ak fhs aomjbmkas, ak af aqubfbirbm aktra bophjtm- aomjbúk, smk hfthoakta astboufhktas phrh fms jmksuobcmras. As pmr affm thoibâk qua tbakak uk anajtm hfthoakta vbrhf yh qua fms jmksuobcmras qubakas jmophrtbr ash aomjbúk jmk sus racas. 3. Huoakth fh bknfuakjbh ca fhs ohrjhs7 ukh jhophøh qua mpta pmr ukh astrhta`bh ca Ohrdatbk` ihshch ak fms saktbobaktms huoakthrè su axpmsbjbúk y fm`rhrè jhpthr fh htakjbúk ca su p÷ifbjm migatbvm, pmr fm qua su kbvaf ca pmsbjbmkhobaktm y su bknfuakjbh, oagmrhrèk susthkjbhfoakta. Affm bkjbca cbrajthoakta ak fh vbrhfbchc, h ohymr bknfuakjbh ca fh ohrjh qua `akarh fh aomjbúk, oès vbrhfas sarèk sus jhophøhs.
Agaopfms ca aomjbmkas (qua jhounfhk ohrjhs y prmcujtms) Fh jhcakh ca rasthurhktas hoarbjhkms, Jlbpmtfa, jraú uk vbcam qua iusjh prmomjbmkhr af cashrrmffm ca `rhkghs mr`èkbjhs. Zu oakshga as7 fh bkcustrbh y fh jbakjbh lbarak h fms hkbohfas y h fh jmobch qua jmoaoms. Urboarm ouastrh uk jhopm y hkbohfas suaftms, parm h oacbch qua hvhkzh af vbcam, fms hkbohfas sa vhk ouftbpfbjhkcm y sa fas vhk jmkstruyakcm asthifms, ca cms pbsms, tras pbsms, juhtrm pbsms… Ouastrhk júom fh jrbhkzh ca hkbohfas, yh sa trhksnmroh ak ukh nèirbjh, sa fas bkyajth oacbjhoaktms, h`uh, sa fas trhsfhch jmom ak ukh bkcustrbh, lhsth qua af saømr qua shfa ak af vbcam pbaksh, ihsth. ^mfvaoms hf jmobakzm y, smfthoms kuavhoakta h fms hkbohfas, caghoms ca jmkthobkhr, km fas choms oacbjhoaktms, atj., obaktrhs astm sujaca vhs sbktbakcm aomjbmkas jhch sa`ukcm. Hcaoès, af vbcam, ffhohcm Ihjd Sm Sla Zthrt, tbaka jmom nmkcm ousbjhf uk jmvar caf taoh Sla Zjbaktbst y phrh lhjar saktbr oès aomjbmkas h÷k, fh aoprash suibú af taoh h bSukas phrh sar casjhr`hcm, cmkca ca jhch casjhr`h, $5,>5 brèk hf Jlbpmtfa Juftbvhta Nmukchtbmk, mr`hkbsom qua hpmyh af cashrrmffm smstakbifa ca ukh h`rbjufturh shkh y anajtbvh. Jmk asta agaopfm, vaoms qua fh aoprash km astè vakcbakcm cbrajthoakta su prmcujtm, sbkm qua astè trhksobtbakcm uk oakshga ffakm ca aomjbmkas, qua casparthrèk af bktarâs ak af jfbakta.
Uhrh jrahr astrhta`bhs qua bktarvak`hk fhs aomjbmkas, takaoms prboarm qua pakshr, quâ quaraoms lhjar saktbr h kuastrm jfbakta . Asta as af jmkjaptm qua casahoms qua parohkazjh ak fh oakta caf jfbakta caspuâs ca lhiar rajbibcm kuastrm oakshga. Km af oakshga ak sï, sbkm fm qua âsta kms lbzm saktbr. Umr agaopfm, as taoprhkm ak fh ohøhkh y shiaoms qua fhs parsmkhs tbakak suaøm, nrïm, astèk jhkshchs, ½quâ oagmr qua pmkar ukh thzh ca jhnâ luoahkta= Fm qua asthoms trhksobtbakcm as fh aomjbúk ca favhkthr af èkbom. Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
Km vakchs
^akca
Km vakchs ukh jakh.
Sbaopm fbira y cbvarsbúk. Km takar qua jmjbkhr, kb fhvhr pfhtms.
Km vakchs uk sph.
Jmoukbjh af rafhx qua prmpmrjbmkh.
Km asjrbihs ukh rajath.
Srhksobta fms iakanbjbms qua saktbrèk hf praphrhr af pfhtm y jmophrtbrfm su nhobfbh.
Km vakchs uk jursm.
Srhksobta smfujbmkas.
Km vakchs jmobch.
Srhksobta fh jmomcbchc ca takar fh jmobch praphrhch.
Km vakchs `hstrmkmoïh. `hstrmkmoïh.
^akca cbvarsbúk.
Km vakchs ukh jhoh ca lmtaf. lmtaf.
Jmoukbjh af pfhjar qua saktbrè hf casjhkshr.
Km vakchs jhvh.
^akca `fhomur.
Km vakchs ukh omtm.
^akca fbiarthc.
Km vakchs uk sa`urm.
^akca trhkqubfbchc.
Km vakchs uk jursm ca jmjbkh. jmjbkh.
^akca ukh raukbúk ca hob`ms.
Km vakchs uk castbkm.
Srhksobta fhs hvakturhs qua pmcrèk vbvbr.
Km vakchs tu rasthurhkta jmom af oagmr.
Zbkm jmom af qua lhrè saktbr oès.
1. HBCH7 Umr ÷ftbom, phrh asjrbibr jmk anbjhjbh ak fhs racas smjbhfas y ak juhfqubar jhophøh ca ohrdatbk`, takaoms qua sa`ubr astms phsms7
Htakjbúk.
Bktarâs.
Casam.
Hjjbúk.
Uhrh hjtbvhr asths juhtrm hjjbmkas ak kuastrm p÷ifbjm migatbvm, prboarm takaoms qua lhjarkms fhs sb`ubaktas pra`ukths7
Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
8.½X 8. ½Xuâ uâ tb tbak akaa ob pr prmc mcuj ujtm tm qu quaa pu puac achh ff ffho hohr hr fh ht htak akjb jbúk úk== 9.½X 9. ½Xuâ uâ pu puac acmm ca cast sthj hjhr hr ca âf qu quaa su susj sjbt btaa bk bkta tarâ râs= s= :.½X :. ½Xuâ uâ pu puac acaa sh shju jucb cbrr ca ca casa samm hf jf jfba bakt kta= a= 3. ½J ½Júo úomm pu puac acmm jm jmkv kvar artbr tbr ak ca casa sakf kfhja hja,, hjj hjjbúk búk,, fm fmss tra trass ph phsm smss pr prav avbms bms==
R jubchcm jmk km sa`ubr fms phsms, fms 3. Umrqua sb súfm ta jaktrhs ak fh prboarh, pmr agaopfm, súfm ffhohrès fh htakjbúk, ½parm phrh quâ= Zbkm bkjbths fua`m h ukh vakth, lhirès parcbcm tmcms fms asnuarzms, pmr af jmktrhrbm, sb súfm ta jaktrhs ak ffhohr h fh f h hjjbúk (ak bktakthr vakcar, vakcar y ak vakcar) lhirès nhffhcm.
^homs h var júom jhch ukh ca fhs juhtrm phrtas ca HBCH kms vh h hyuchr h jmksa`ubr kuastrms migatbvms aoprashrbhfas ak Zmjbhf Oacbh. 8. t mcms kuastrms saktbcms sa cbrb`ak smira uk puktm, as as Htakjbúk7 Fh htakjbúk jmksbsta ak qua tmcms casparthr fh jurbmsbchc. ½Júom sa jhpth fh Htakjbúk= Fh htakjbúk sa mtmr`h h hquaffm qua tbaka rafhjbúk jmk kmsmtrms. Smcm fm qua hnajta h kuastrm RM as migatm ca htakjbúk. Fm qua sb`kbnbqua pafb`rm m iakanbjbm. Fm qua kms lhfh`ua m kms mnakch. Fh htakjbúk sa jhpth jmk ukh jfhrh caomstrhjbúk ca bktarâs pmr af bktarfmjutmr y sus bktarasas, lhjbâkcmfa aktakcar qua jmoprakcaoms sus taohs y qua kuastrh jmkvarshjbúk sarè `rhtbnbjhkta. 9. Bktarâs77 Af bktarâs as af migatbvm qua parsa`uboms hf jhpthr fh Htakjbúk. Umcaoms canbkbrfm Bktarâs jmom ukh Htakjbúk jmktbkuhch smira hf`m, jmom ukh nmroh ca jurbmsbchc km shtbsnajlh. ½Júom sa caspbarth af Bktarâs= Kms bktarash fm qua sa rafhjbmkh jmk kuastrm Rm. Hf`ubak qua shia asjujlhrkms y qua kms aktbakca y puaca hpmrthr hf`m pmsbtbvm. Kms bktarash af qua bcaktbnbjhoms jmom uk b`uhf. Af qua tbaka hf`m vhfbmsm qua cajbrkms, parm hjapth kuastrhs misarvhjbmkas. Ak asta puktm takaoms qua var, juèfas smk fhs vakthghs qua mnrajaoms, quâ `hkh af jfbakta sb kms jmoprh kuastrm prmcujtm. As bopmrthkta qua af Bktarâs sa mrbakta lhjbh af prmcujtm y fms sarvbjbms qua irbkch, aspajbhfoakta ak su jhphjbchc j hphjbchc ca shtbsnhjar fhs kajasbchcas caf jmoprhcmr. :. jmksajuakjbh ca ukh iuakh caomstrhjbúk. caomstrhjbúk. Asta Casam7 Af casam ca pmsaar af prmcujtm as jmksajuakjbh phsm jmksbsta ak omstrhr y jmkvakjar. Qkh caomstrhjbúk caomstrhjbúk as axpmkar af prmcujtm ak usm, casthjhkcm fms iakanbjbms qua prmpmrjbmkhrè hf jmoprhcmr. Zb km as pmsbifa lhjar nukjbmkhr af prmcujtm, pmrqua as uk sarvbjbm, lhy qua omstrhr sus anajtms jmk aomjbmkas, tastbomkbms, vbcams, nmtms, atj. Jrahr fh sakshjbúk ca qua yh tbaka af prmcujtm, qua yh tbaka fh smfujbúk qua fa f a irbkch af prmcujtm. Astm prmcuja ukh sa`ukch sakshjbúk, asth vaz ca hksbachc m taomr ca parcar af prmcujtm, ca parcar fh smfujbúk h su prmifaoh, ca parcar fh shtbsnhjjbúk ca takar fh smfujbúk ca uk prmifaoh... sb km cajbca jmoprhr. ½Júom sa jmksb`ua casparthr af Casam= Af Casam pmr pmsaar prmcujtms y sarvbjbms qua kms smfujbmkak prmifaohs y kms nhjbfbtak af hjjasm h fh nafbjbchc axbsta ca nmroh khturhf, aspmktèkah. Af casam ca jmoprhr axbsta ca nmroh khturhf. H jhsb tmcm af oukcm fa rasufth oès `rhtm jmoprhr qua vakcar. 3. Hjjbúk7 Hjjbúk7 Ffa`hcm asta puktm af jfbakta astè cajbcbcm h rahfbzhr fh jmoprh ca prmcujtm pmr fm qua phrh jarrhr jmk âxbtm af prmjasm ca fms juhtrm phsms caiaoms nhjbfbthrfa af hjjasm h fh jmoprh, as cajbr, sb pmr agaopfm ag aopfm vakcaoms vuafms mkfbka y af sbstaoh ca ph`m ca fh wai nhffh, lhiraoms tbrhcm pmr fh imrch tmcm af trhihgm hktarbmr. Umr fm qua as bopmrthkta b opmrthkta qua asta ÷ftbom prmjasm astâ mptbobzhcm hf Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
oèxbom h kbvaf ca nukjbmkhobaktm y ushibfbchc phrh af usuhrbm jmk af nbk ca jarrhr af prmjasm ca jmoprh. Qk oâtmcm sbobfhr phrh jhushr anajtms as af oâtmcm ca fhs 1 ‖Z‟ Ztmp tlao. Zlmw tlao. Zacuja tlao. Zhtbsny tlao. Zaff tlao. t lao. (Catakfms. Ouâstrhfas. Zac÷jafas. Zhtbsnèjafas. ^âkcafas)
Jhsm pèjtbjm HBCH. 8. Htakjbúk7 Uhrh jafairhr fh mjthvh y ÷ftboh taopmrhch ca fh sarba ‖Gua`m ca Srmkms‟, Cbh`am y LIM lhk fhkzhcm ukh
jmfajjbúk ca acbjbúk fbobthch ca wlbsdbas asjmjasas ca ohfth.
9. Bktarâs7 Fh jmfajjbúk prasakth mjlm ohfths, qua raprasakthk h jhch ukh ca fhs bjúkbjhs jhshs ca Umkbakta y h fh @uhrcbh ca fh Kmjla. :. Casam. H trhvâs ca cbnaraktas jhophøhs ca ohrdatbk` sa aksaøh af prmcujtm phrh qua af jfbakta fm qubarh hcqubrbr. 3. Hjjbúk7 Fh acbjbúk fbobthch asthrè cbspmkbifa ak Hohzmk y ak fms puktms ca vakth lhibtuhfas y ak fh nfh`slbp stmra ca Gmlkkba Phfdar ak Ohcrbc. Fms prajbms ca astms wlbsdbas vhk casca fms 39 aurms lhsth fms 09 aurms.
H fm fhr`m ca fhs sb`ubaktas ukbchcas varès cajakhs ca agaopfms prèjtbjms ca júom `akarhr jmktakbcm ak racas smjbhfas juopfbakcm sus prbkjbpbms, pbrèobcas pb rèobcas y pfhkas ca hjjbúk phrh jhpthr af bktarâs ca tus jfbaktas pmr tu ohrjh phrh qua tmoak hjjbúk.
Smcms fms carajlms rasarvhcms ©Asjuafh ca Lmstafarïh Mkfbka Ohrdatbk` @hstrmkúobjm
