TIPOS DE LENGUAJE MARÍA LUISA OCAÑA SÁNCHEZ MARÍA LORENA CÓRDOVA CHABLE UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA DE TABASCO TABASCO
TIPOS DE LENGUAJE
Este traba! traba! t"e#e $!%! &r!&'s"t! $e#tra( )ar a $!#!$er (! *+e es e( (e#,+ae- t"&!s )e( (e#,+ae . (!s $!%&!#e#tes )e( %"s%! .a *+e es )e "%&!rta#$"a $!#!$er estas /!r%as )e $!%+#"$ar .0! e1&resar se#t"%"e#t!s2 Este #!s s"r3e &ara !r"e#tar (a a)*+"s"$"'# . e( +s! )e #+e3as /!r%as $!%+#"$at"3as *+e e1",e# estr+$t+ras ,ra%at"$a(es )"/ere#tes- e( e%&(e! )e +# (e#,+ae )es$!#te1t+a("4a)! e# bre3es t"e%&!s )e "#ter(!$+$"'# . +# $("%a e%!$"!#a( )"/ere#te a( *+e )e %a#era $!t")"a#a 3"3"%!s e# #+estras $asas2 E( +s! )e( (e#,+ae (e#,+ae !ra( t"e#e (a %5s a(ta a(ta &r"!r")a)- &+es e# esta eta&a (a a%&("a$"'# a%&("a$"'# . e( e#r"*+e$"%"e#t! )e( 6ab(a as7 $!%! (a ")e#t"/"$a$"'# . $ara$ter7st"$as )e( (e#,+ae s!# $!%&ete#$"as *+e e# %e)")a e# *+e se (es br"#)a# !&!rt+#")a)es )e $!%+#"$a$"'# $!t")"a#a 2E( (e#,+ae &er%"te *+e "%a,"#e%!s- )esarr!((e%!s- %a#"&+(e%!s . $ree%!s ")eas #+e3as- *+e $!%&art"%!s $!# !tr!s a tra38s )e( "#ter$a%b"! )e "#/!r%a$"'#2 E( (e#,+ae es &arte "%&!rta#te )e( &r!$es! $!,#"t"3! . )e (a re&rese#ta$"'# )e( %+#)! *+e #!s r!)ea- a tra38s )e 8( se )esarr!((a (a $reat"3")a)2 Pr!&"$"a#)! (a &art"$"&a$"'# e# e3e#t!s $!%+#"$at"3!s e# )!#)e se 6ab(a . es$+$6a #!s!tr!s &er$"b"%!s *+e e( (e#,+ae sat"s/a$e #+estras #e$es")a)es &ers!#a(es . s!$"a(es2
LENGUAJE Se &+e)e e#te#)er $!%! +# re$+rs! *+e 6a$e &!s"b(e (a $!%+#"$a$"'#2 $!%+#"$a$"'#2 E# !tras &a(abras es (a (a $a&a$")a) &r!&"a )e( ser 6+%a#! &ara e1&resar &e#sa%"e#t!s . se#t"%"e#t!s &!r %e)"! )e (a &a(abra2 E( (e#,+ae t"e#e 9 /+#$"!#es: •
La cognoscitiva: )"r",")a 6a$"a (a a)*+"s"$"'#- )esarr!((! . ra4!#a%"e#t! )e( $!#!$"%"e#t!2
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La comunicativa- e#/!$a)a a e1ter"!r"4ar &e#sa%"e#t!s . e%"t"r %e#saes2
Estas se rea("4a# &r"#$"&a(%e#te a tra38s )e( (e#,+ae /!#8t"$!- ;"#8s"$!- &r!18%"$! e "$'#"$! ! &"$t!,r5/"$!2
TIPOS DE LENGUAJE Hay varios tipos de lenguaje entre ellos est!n" Lenguaje oral# Lenguaje es$rito# Lenguaje %in&si$o# Lenguaje pro'&(i$o# Lenguaje i$)ni$o o pi$togr!*i$o# Lenguaje *on&ti$o# LENGUAJE O+AL Es e( a$t! )e $!%+#"$arse %e)"a#te e( +s! )e (a (a 3!42 Es %!%e#t5#ea%!%e#t5#ea- e/7%era- tra#s"t!r"a< e# (! ,e#era(- )es$+")a)a &!r (a $ar,a e%!$"!#a( Se &r!)+$e $+a#)! $!#3ersas $!# t+s $!%&a=er!ses$+$6as ra)"!- 3es te(e3"s"'#- 6ab(as &!r te(8/!#! $!# +#a &ers!#a- $a#tas +#a $a#$"'#- et$8tera2
Estru$tura din!(i$a E( a$t! $!%+#"$at"3! $!%+#"$at"3! es es&!#t5#e!- #! est5 &(a#ea)!- es ab"ert!- se 3a $!#str+.e#)! e# e( a$t! %"s%!2
L&'i$o de todos los d,as Las &a(abras s!# %5s "#/!r%a(es . %e#!s es&e$7/"$as2
Gra(!ti$a no est!ndar E# e( $as! )e( es&a=!( )e (!s EE2UU2 &+e)e 3erse "#ter/ere#$"a )e( "#,(8s: >2 No realizamos que estamos supuestos supuestos a estudiar. estudiar.? ! $!#str+$$"!#es #! /!r%a(es92 Nomás me ando tomando una pastilla pa’que no haiga problemas. @2 Tuviera más dinero si ahorrara más.
-onstru$$iones gra(ati$ales $o(plejas La (e#,+a !ra( es )"#5%"$a- es&!#t5#ea . %e#!s $!#s$"e#te (! (! *+e !$as"!#a $!%&(e")a) ,ra%at"$a(2 Las ")eas !ra$"!#es ,e#era(%e#te (ar,as . $!%&(eas?- se +#e# $!# (a $!#+#$"'# .2 Ver Ver ee%&(! )e aba!?
.aja densidad l&'i$a Se +sa# %5s &a(abras $!# %e#!s $!#te#")! se%5#t"$! %e#!s s",#"/"$at"3as?2 E2 Él E2 Él la rompió, no fui yo , no fui yo, lo uró, lo uró. !stábamos ugando ah" afuera y de pronto vino aquel chico y se nos cruzó con la bicicleta....
LENGUAJE ES-+ITO La (e#,+a es$r"ta- a )"/ere#$"a )e (a (e#,+a !ra(- &!see +# s"ste%a #!ta$"!#a(< 8ste es e#te#)")! $!%! +# $!#+#t! )e s",#!s ,r5/"$!s *+e t"e#e# re,(as *+e se )ebe# res&etar< est!s s",#!s ,r5/"$!s se s+b)"3")e# e# )!s t"&!s: •
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La es$r"t+ra a(/ab8t"$a (etras . s",#!s )e &+#t+a$"'#? E( s"ste%a )e $"/ras #%er!s?2
Es &+($ra . $+")a)!sa- &r!)+$t! )e ra4!#a%"e#t!< $!# e((a se as&"ra a *+e +# %a.!r #%er! )e &ers!#as e#t"e#)a# $!# $(ar")a) . &re$"s"'# (!s %e#saes2
-A+A-TE+/STI-AS DEL LENGUAJE ES-+ITO Estru$tura sin)pti$a T!%a T!%a %5s t"e%&! es$r"b"r *+e 6ab(ar . &!r es! (a (e#,+a es$r"ta se &(a#ea . se e#/!$a e# +# %e#sae $(ar! . !r,a#"4a)!2
L&'i$o espe$iali0ado Las &a(abras &a(abras )ebe# ser &re$"sas . a&r!&"a)as a( te%a &ara *+e e( "#ter(!$+t!r e#t"e#)a $(ara%e#te e( %e#sae2
Gra(!ti$a est!ndar Las !ra$"!#es )ebe# ser e#te#)")as &!r $+a(*+"er &ers!#a *+e 6ab(e es&a=!( >2 No nos dimos cuenta de #percatamos$ que se supone que ten"amos que estudiar. estudiar. 92 %e tomo una pastilla para que no haya problemas. Tendr"a Tendr"a más dinero si ahorrara más.
-onstru$$iones gra(ati$ales si(ples La (e#,+a es$r"ta es %5s $!#s$"e#te . &(a#ea)a- &!r es! re*+"ere estr+$t+ras %5s %5s s"%&(ess"%&(es &er! *+e est5# $!#str+")as $!# +# 3!$ab+(ar"! $!# %5s s",#"/"$a)!s2 C!%&ara C! %&ara (!s ee%&(!s )e aba! "4*+"er)a . )ere$6a?
Alta densidad l&'i$a La ")ea es $!%+#"$ar %5s "#/!r%a$"'# a tra38s )e &a(abras *+e t"e#e# %5s $!#te#")!2 Pa(abras *+e t"e#e a(ta $ar,a se%5#t"$a $!%! #!%bres- a)et"3!s- 3erb!s . a)3erb"!s2 E2 !l golpe de la pelota contra la ventana rompió el cristal del del vidrio en mil pedazos pedazos.
LENGUAJE P+O123I-O E( (e#,+ae &r!18%"$! s+$e)e $+a#)! (as &ers!#as +t"("4a# e( es&a$"! /7s"$! *+e (as (as r!)ea &ara $!%+#"$ar s+s %e#saes< e( e%"s!r e%"s!r . e( re$e&t!r !r,a#"4a# s+s e#$+e#tr!s- . $!# estas estas )"sta#$"as )e/"#e# s+ re(a$"'# "#ter&ers!#a(2 > Z!#a: D"sta#$"a 7#t"%a &r"3a)a2 Esta )"sta#$"a es (a *+e %a#t"e#e# (as &areas e# +#a $!#3ersa$"'# 6asta F $%?2 9 Z!#a: D"sta#$"a &ers!#a(2 Es (a )"sta#$"a e#tre &ers!#as *+e se $!#!$e# . t"e#e# $!#/"a#4a2 D"sta#$"a D"sta#$"a +t"("4a)a $!# $!%&a=er!s )e traba! . a%",!s- re+#"!#es )e traba! ! e# (as /"estas e#tre F . >9 $%?2 @ Z!#a: D"sta#$"a s!$"a(2 D"sta#$"a $!rre$ta e#tre e/es . e%&(ea)!s >9@ $%?2 N!r%a(%e#te (as %esas )e (!s e/es .a a$!st+%bra# a ser (! s+/"$"e#te%e#te a#$6as &ara %a#te#er este es&a$"! &ers!#a(2 Esta )"sta#$"a (a +t"("4are%!s e# $!#3ersa$"!#es *+e sea# /!r%a(es2 F Z!#a: D"sta#$"a Pb("$a2 D"sta#$"a +t"("4a)a e# )"s$+rs!s %5s )e @ $%?2
LENGUAJE 4IN2SI-O E( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! es t!)! (! *+e "#$(+.e "#$(+.e e( (e#,+ae #! 3erba(2 Es )e$"r: (a (a %"ra)a- e( t!#! t!#! )e 3!4 . e( (e#,+ae $!r&!ra(2 $!r&!ra(2 KT"e#e "%&!rta#$"a e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! KP+e)e %ar$ar (a )"/ere#$"a Te 3!. a )ar +# bre3e ee%&(! &ara *+e 3eas (a e#!r%e &!te#$"a )e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$!2 ! ! s!. +#a &ers!#a %+. tra#*+"(a- %e $+esta &!#er%e #er3"!s! s" #! s!# %!t"3!s %+. )e &es!2 C+a#)! trabaaba )e te(e !&era)!r +#a 3e4 6+b! +# t"&! *+e se )e)"$aba a ((a%ar a (!s te(e !&era)!res"#s+(tar(es . &!#er(es #er3"!s!s2 C+a#)! e# +#a )e s+s ((a%a)as %e t!$' t!$' a %7- s"%&(e%e#te s"%&(e%e#te (e 6ab(e )es&a$"! . $a(%a)!2 C!# sere#")a) . tra#*+"(")a) ese 6!%bre &as' )e ,r"tar a t!)!s (!s te(e !&era)!res a )e$"r s7 . %!strarse $a(%a)!2 M"s $!%&a=er!s #! sa(7a# )e s+ as!%br!2 KC'%! )e%!#"!s 6ab7a 6e$6! es! 5$"(- $!# e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$!2 C!# e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$!- s!(! $!# +#a %"ra)a . e( (e#,+ae $!r&!ra( &+e)es 6a$er *+e a(,+"e# &"e#se *+e eres $!%&(eta%e#te )e /"ar2 A(,! A(,! ese#$"a( &!r ee%&(! e# e#tre3"stas )e traba! ! $+a#)! a(,+"e# )ebe $!#/"ar e# t"2 KN+#$a 6as %"ra)! a a(,+"e# . 6as &e#sa)!: *+8 b+e#a &ers!#a &are$e ! &are$e )e %+$6a $!#/"a#4a s!(a%e#te &!r 3er(e Las &ers!#as #!s $!%+#"$a%!s . %+$6! a #"3e( )e (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$!- %e)"a#te #+estr! (e#,+ae $!r&!ra( &!)e%!s )e$"r a (!s )e%5s $'%! s!%!s . %!)"/"$ar &!r $!%&(et! (a &er$e&$"'# *+e t"e#e# )e #!s!tr!s2
K+"eres *+e (!s )e%5s te 3ea# arr!,a#te . b!r)e P!# +# (e#,+ae (e#,+ae $!r&!ra(- $ara . %"ra)a b!r)e- 3er5s $'%! es! es (! #"$! *+e ser5s &ara (!s )e%5s- a+#*+e a+#*+ e t (+e,! seas +#a be((7s"%a &ers!#a 6ab(a#)!- (! *+e %+$6!s se s e *+e)ar5# es (a &r"%era "%&res"'# &!r ese (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! ta# %a(!2 L!s &!(7t"$!s "#te#ta# $!#3ert"rse e# %aestr!s )e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$!- a+#*+e %+$6!s )e e((!s /a((a# &!r*+e rea(%e#te #! se 6a sab")! a&("$ar b"e# e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$!2 Ob3"a%e#te ta%b"8# "#/(+.e e( 6e$6! )e *+e %"e#ta# )es$ara)a%e#te . se &re!$+&e# %5s &!r s+ b!(s"((! . e( )"#er! *+e e# 6a$er (as $!sas b"e#2 N! !bsta#te- &ese e# $as!s &+#t+a(es $!%! $r"s"s )e a(,# t"&! t"&! (a )"/ere#$"a e#tre (a )err!ta ! (a 3"$t!r"a )e +# &art")! &+e)e )e&e#)er )e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! )e s+ (7)er2 S" tra#s%"te $!#/"a#4a- b!#)a)84 . se,+r")a) es %+. &r!bab(e *+e (e sa*+e- s!(! &!r es!- +#!s $+a#t!s &+#t!s a( !&!s"t!r2 !&!s "t!r2 Ser7a e( ((a%a)!: E/e$t! Oba%a2 A+#*+e &ara)'"$a%e#te e# &!(7t"$a s"e%&re ((e3a 3e#taa *+"8# se &re!$+&a &!r (!s )e%5s2 P!r %+$6! *+e /"#as . e#tre#es +# e1$e(e#te (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! s"e%&re te#)r5 (as )e ,a#ar *+"e# !/re4$a %e!res ")eas- a+#*+e )e&e#)e ta%b"8# %+$6! )e (as &!s"$"!#es2 Ver,!#4!sa%e#te er,!#4!sa%e#te +# &!(7t"$! &+e)e sa("r e# te(e3"s"'#te(e3"s"'#- %e#t"r a %"((!#es )e &ers!#as a sab"e#)as )e *+e (! 6a$e . s"e#)! e3")e#te (a %e#t"ra . #! &asa #a)a2 Es (a "%&+#")a) )e( &!)er2 Per! e( rest! )e %!rta(es #! &+e)e# a$t+ar as7 &!r*+e (a ,e#te #! (! t!(era2 +e (! 6a,a# (!s &!(7t"$!s #! s",#"/"$a *+e )e b+e#!s res+(ta)!s- s",#"/"$a *+e t"e#e# %+$6! &!)er- ab+sa# )e 8( . &!r (! ta#t! t"e#e# %+$6a "%&+#")a)2 S" a(,+"e# te te %"e#te e# (a (a $ara )e /!r%a )es$ara)a #!r%a(%e#te sabr5s 3er(! b"e#- &er! es "%&!rta#te a&re#)er a (eer e( (e#,+ae $!r&!ra( &ara saber e1a$ta%e#te $+5#)! #!s %"e#te# .
a3er",+ar a)e%5s +# &!$! e( &!r *+82 P!r*+e )etr5s )e $a)a %e#t"ra 6a. ,est!s *+e (! )e(ata# . es!s ,est!s +#t! $!# (as res&+estas #!s )ar5# &"stas )e *+8 es (! *+e est5 &asa#)!2
E( &!)er )e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! I%a,7#ate &!r +# %!%e#t! $!%! ser7a t+ 3")a 3")a s" /+eras $a&a4 )e (eer e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! )e (!s )e%5s . &!r e#)e a)a&tar e( t+.! a (as !tras &ers!#as &ara "#/(+"r %+$6! %e!r e# e((as . $a+sar e( e/e$t! *+e t *+"eres2 Est! es +#a a+t8#t"$a %"#a )e !r! *+e t"e#es *+e a&re#)er . e1&(!tar2 I%a,"#a e( t7&"$! t7! a,res"3! *+e *+"ere &e,arte &!r a(,+#a ra4'# est&")a *+e #! 3"e#e a $+e#t!2 E# est!s $as!s e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! %ar$ar5 e( > )e (a )"/ere#$"a2 S" t+ (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! "#)"$a $6+(er7a- a+#*+e t #! )",as #a)a e( a,res!r (! 3er5 $!%! +# ret! . te a,re)"r52 S!(a%e#te %a#te#"e#)! +# (e#,+ae $!r&!ra( "#)"/ere#te (!,rar5s *+e te )ee e# &a4 . &!r s+&+est! "rte $!# tra#*+"(")a) )e( (+,ar- s"# "#te#tar %a#te#er 7#te,r! t+ e,! %!str5#)!te $6+(! $!# t+ (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! &!r*+e e#t!#$es &r!bab(e%e#te /!%e#tes (a a,res"'# )e %a#era "#)"re$ta2 Ha$e &!$! $+a#)! 3!(37a )e( 6!s&"ta( )e Bar$e(!#a e# tre# )e( *+e 6ab7a s")! +# )7a )e (!$!s(a /ae#a (a re%at' (a &e(ea e#tre )!s "#%",ra#tes t!ta(%e#te s"# se#t")!2 U#! s"%&(e%e#te %"r' %a( a( !tr! . este !tr! se s"#t"' !/e#)")!2 E( *+e %"raba %a( (e!s )e &asar )e( te%a- #! 6ab(aba &ara #a)a #" )"! #a)a &er! $!# s+ (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! se %!straba %+. )esa/"a#te2 As7 *+e a( /"#a( &r!3!$' +#a (e3e a,res"'#- &ese a *+e #! *+er7a s+ (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! #! &araba )e retar a( !tr!2 S" t #! *+"eres &e,arte & e,arte es +#a %+. %a(a ")ea %"rar /"a%e#te a (!s !!s a a(,+"e# %+. a,res"3! *+e te est5 reta#)!- $!# est! (e est5s )a#)! (+4 3er)e &ara (a a,res"'#2
Per! e( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! #! s!(! es &ara a,res"!#es- est! es s!(! +# ee%&(!2 E# +#a e#tre3"sta )e traba! ta%b"8# &+e)e %ar$ar (a )"/ere#$"a2 S" (a (a &ers!#a *+e te 3a a $!#tratar *+"ere +#a &ers!#a $!#/"a)a . se,+ra- a+#*+e t (! (! seas s" t+ (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! (e 6a$e &e#sar *+e #!- #! te $!#tratar5 . &!r %+. ,+a. *+e sea t+ $+rr7$+(+% s"e%&re )ar5 &re/ere#$"a a( (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$!2 E# este $as!- s" t+s ,est!s s!# #er3"!s!s . t7%")!s t7%")!s (as a(ar%as )e t+ e#tre3"sta)!r sa(tar5#- s" e# $a%b"! t"e#es +# (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! #at+ra(- re(aa)! . $!#/"a)! e( e#tre3"sta)!r te )ar5 (+4 3er)e . t+s &!s"b"(")a)es )e ser $!#trata)! a+%e#ta#2 A)a&tar t+ (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! a (! *+e $a+sa %5s e/e$t! a (a !tra !tra &ers!#a es (a +,a)a %5s "#te(",e#te *+e &+e)es 6a$er2 A#te e( e/e *+e (e ,+sta e( &e(!te! *+"45s %!strarse s+%"s! . $!%&(a$"e#te &er! a (a 3e4 /"r%e . )e$")")! es (a %e!r !&$"'#2 T!)! T!)! )e&e#)e )e $!# *+8 &ers!#a tratas2 Se basa e# a#a("4ar e( (e#,+ae $!r&!ra( )e (a &ers!#a- )es$"/rar(! e "#%e)"ata%e#te a)a&tar t+ (e#,+ae (e#,+ ae $!r&!ra( &ara "%&a$tar %5s a (a !tra &ers!#a2 As7 es $!%! .! $!#se,+7 &asar e# e#tre3"stas )e traba! &!r )e(a#te )e (a#te )e $"e#t!s )e $a#)")at!s &ese a #! ser e( $a#)")at! ")ea(2 S" )!%"#as e( (e#,+ae (e#,+ae ;"#8s"$! )!%"#ar5s (!s e/e$t!s *+e $a+sas e# (!s )e%5s . &!r e#)e- t+ 3")a "r5 %5s /5$"( . %e!r2
LENGUAJE I-5NI-O E# e( eer$"$"! )!$e#te- es %+. $!%# $!%# 6a$er +s! )e (!s 7$!#!s &ara $!%&(e%e#tar (as e1&!s"$"!#es 3erba(es- .a *+e res+(ta# %+. e/e$t"3!s &ara est"%+(ar 3"s+a(%e#te a (!s a(+%#!s . $a&tar s+ ate#$"'#2 U# (e#,+ae "$'#"$! es t!)! a*+e( *+e +t"("4a s7%b!(!s b5s"$!s . a)e%5s )e/"#e %a#eras )e
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