JVX^K@Z E / ^FLEŮKK XVNLKJF JEXKWDLVL 59 ^fleŪkk xvnlkjf ‚ end~gĊ~k wfd~fwkjf 5.5. Jd`jfxwf. Gfbk`kŪkk 5.>. Flfof`wflf xf je~f zf neyfeyĊ ~fleŪkklf xvnlkjf 5.:. Jvrk`wf jmfkf à` ~fleŪkklf xvnlkjf 5.7. Wf~of`k gf ~fbf~k`ŪĊ à` gfbk`k~fe ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf 5.6. Dnkfjwkrflf ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf 5.2. X~k`jkxkk bv`geof`welf à` ~fleŪkklf xvnlkjf 5.3. Zjv~w kzwd~kj el ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf
JEXKWDLVL >9 Koeck`fe ‚ end~gĊ~k wfd~fwkjf
>.5. Koeck`fe. Koeck`fe dovlvk xdlkwkj. Koeck`fe gf oe~jĊ. Jd`jfxwf >.>. Cfzwkd`e~fe koeck`kk >.:. Jîoxv~k gf ~felkye~f e koeck`kk >.7. ^dlvl k`zwkwvŪkkld~ ofgke à` ~felkye~fe koeck`kk >.6. Wkxv~k gf koeck`f >.2. Fbfjwvl MELLD el koeck`kk >.3. Jve`wkbkje~fe koeck`kk
JEXKWDLVL :9 Gdof`kk elf x~djfzvlvk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf :.5. K`bd~oe~fe k`wf~`Ċ :.5.5. Dnkfjwkrf :.5.>. Evgkwd~kvl zev dnkfjwvl k`bd~oĊ~kk k`wf~`f :.5.:. Okildejf xf`w~v k`bd~oe~f :.>. K`bd~oe~fe f}wf~`Ċ. ^fleŪkklf jv x~fze :.>.5. ^fcvlklf cf`f~elf gf lvj~v jv x~fze :.>.> Ofwdgf xf`w~v w~e`zokwf~fe k`bd~oeŪkkld~ gf x~fzĊ :.>.>.5. K`wf~rkvl ‚ wfm`kjk vwklkyewf. ^fcvlk cf`f~elf :.>.>.>. K`wf~rkvl xf`w~v x~fze zj~kzĊ :.>.>.:. Jd`bf~k`Ūe gf x~fzĊ :.>.>.7. Jdov`kjewvl gf x~fzĊ :.>.>.6. Gdze~vl gf x~fzĊ :.>.>.2. BkŔkf~flf gf x~fzĊ
:.:. ^fleŪkklf jv zdjkfwewfe :.:.5. Cf`f~elkwĊŪk :.:.>. Dnkfjwkrf :.:.:. X~dc~eof :.:.7. Ofwdgf vwklkyewf :.:.6. BkŔkf~vl gf e`zeonlv el zdjkfwĊŪkk 7.7. ^fleŪkk xvnlkjf jv zw~Ċk`Ċwewfe
JEXKWDLVL 79 Zw~vjwv~k gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf 7.5. Gfxe~weof`wf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf 7.5.5. Zjmfoe gf d~ce`kye~f
7.5.>. Zjmfoe jeg~v e v`vk gfxe~weof`w gf ~fleŪkk ~ fleŪkk xvnlkjf -xf`w~v d d~ce`kyeŪkf ofgkf+ 7.>. Jf`w~vl gf x~fzĊ 7.>.5. Ew~knvŪkklf Jf`w~vlvk gf x~fzĊ 7.:. K`zwkwvŪke xv~wĊwd~vlvk gf jvrî`w 7.7. Bk~of gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf 7.6. Zxfjkelkzwvl à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf
JEXKWDLVL 69 Jeoxe`ke gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf
6.5. Gfbk`kŪkf, jd`Ūk`vw, jlezkbkje~f, dnkfjwkrf 6.>. Xle`vl jeoxe`kfk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf 6.>.5. Gfbk`k~fe x~dnlfofk 6.>.>. E`elkye zkwveŪkfk 6.>.:. Zwenklk~fe dnkfjwkrfld~ 6.>.7. Kgf`wkbkje~fe gkbf~kwfld~ jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj 6.>.6. Zwenklk~fe zw~ewfckkld~. Lkzwe jv xdzknklf zw~ewfckk 6.>.2. Zwenklk~fe wejwkjkld~ 6.>.3. Bk}e~fe jelf`ge~vlvk 6.>.=. Zwenklk~fe nvcfwvlvk 6.>.;. X~djfgv~k gf frelve~f 6.>.;.5. @krflv~k gf frelve~f 6.>.;.> Ofwdgf gf frelve~f frelve~f
JEXKWDLVL 29 ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf à` zkwveŪkk gf j~kyĊ
2.5. J~kye. Gfbk`kŪkf. Wkxdldckk 2.>. Fwexflf v`fk j~kyf 2.:. Oe`ecfof`wvl j~kyfld~ 2.7. Jdov`kje~fe gf j~kyĊ 2.6. Frelve~fe ~kzjv~kld~ gf j~kyĊ 2.2 Xle`vl gf jdov`kje~f gf j~kyĊ 2.3 Wfm`kjk vyvelf gf jdov`kje~f xf wkoxvl cfzwkd`Ċ~kk j~kyfld~ 2.= Zw~ewfckk gf ~fbejf~f e koeck`kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk xdzwj~kyĊ 2.; ^dlvl zxfjkelkzwvlvk à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf xf wkoxvl zkwveŪkkld~ gf j~kyĊ
N / XVNLKJKWEWF JEXKWDLVL 39 Xvnlkjkwewf. End~gĊ~k wfd~fwkjf 3.5. 3.5. Gfbk` Gfbk`kŪ kŪkk kk.. 3.>. Wkxv~k gf xvnlkjkwewf 3.:. Lfcfe x~krk`g xvnlkjkwewfe xvnlkjkwewfe 3.7. ^fxf~f kzwd~kjf 3.6. Wfd~kk w~egkŪkd`elf à` zwvgkvl xvnlkjkwĊŪkk 3.6.5 3.6.5 Kf~e~m Kf~e~mke ke fbfjwf fbfjwfld~ ld~ à` xvnlkj xvnlkjkwe kwewf wf 3.6. 3.6.>. >. Wfd~ Wfd~ke ke à`rĊ à`rĊŪĊ ŪĊ~kk ~kk 3.6.:. 3.6.:. Wfd~ke Wfd~ke gkzd gkzd`e `e`Ūf `Ūfkk jdc`k jdc`kwkr wkrff 3.6.7. Wfd~ke koxlkjĊ~kk ok`koelf 3.2. Wfd~kk x~dxvzf x~dxvzf ~fjf`w 3.2.5. 3.2.5. Wfd~ke Wfd~ke koxv koxvlzv lzvlvk lvk jdxk jdxklĊ~ lĊ~fzj fzj >
3.2.>. 3.2.>. Wfd~ke Wfd~ke à`rĊŪĊ à`rĊŪĊ~kk ~kk ew~knv ew~knvkwf kwf 3.2. 3.2.:. :. Wfd~ Wfd~ke ke x~do x~dodŪ dŪkv kv`k `kkk 3.3 3.3. Jd`j Jd`jlv lvyk ykkk
JEXKWDLVL =.Jdov`kje~fe xvnlkjkwe~Ċ. Jflf xew~v e}kdof elf lvk Sewyleskja exlkjewf à` xvnlkjkwewf =.5 E}kdoe K =.55. Gfbk`kŪkf =.5.> ExlkjeŪkf =.> E}kdoe e KK/e =.>.5. Gfbk`kŪkf. =.>.>. Bv`jŪkklf lkoneivlvk. ExlkjeŪkk =.:. E}kdoe e KKK/e. =.:.5. Gfbk`kŪkf =.:.>. E`elkye w~e`yejŪkd`elĊ e lvk F~kj Nf~`f =.7. E}kdoe e KR/e. Gfbk`kŪkf. ZkwveŪkk xdzknklf à` jdov`kje~f
JEXKWDLVL ;9 ^fjleoe je Ŕwkk`ŪĊ Ŕk e~wĊ
;.5. ^fxf~f kzwd~kjf ;.>. Bv`jŪkklf ~fjleofk ;.:. Dnkfjwkrflf ~fjleofk ;.7. X~k`jkxkk bv`geof`welf bv`geof`welf à` jd`jfxf~fe jd`jfxf~fe ~fjleofk ~fjleofk ;.6. ^fcvlk flfof`we~f flfof`we~f xf`w~v ~felkye~fe ~felkye~fe v`fk ~fjleof ~fjleof ;.2. Zw~ewfckk gf ~fjleoĊ ;,3 ^dlvl ~fjleofk à` fjd`doke gf xkeŪĊ ;.=. Relde~fe fjd`dokjĊ e ~fjleofk ;.;. Wkxv~k gf ~fj leoĊ ;.;.5 J~kwf~kk gf jlezkbkje~f ;.;.>. X~k`jkxelflf wkxv~k gf ~fjleoĊ ;.;.>.5. ^fjleoe gf yke~ ;.;.>.> ^fjleoe gf ~frkzwf ;.;.>.:. ^fjleoe ~egkd ;.;.>.7. ^fjleoe gf wflfrkykv`f ;.;.>.6. ^fjleoe gf W~e`ykw ;.;.>.2. EbkŔf Ŕk xe`dv~k zw~egelf ;.;.>.3. ^fjleoe x~k` xdŔwĊ ;.;.>.=. ^fjleoe gf le bk~oĊ le bk~oĊ ;.;.>.;. Jegdv~k jv ofzei xvnlkjkwe~
JEXKWDLVL 589 Flfof`wflf ~fjleofk 58.5. Flfof`wf x~fcĊwkwde~f 58.5.5. 58.5.5. Xlewbd~oe Xlewbd~oe 58.5.>. 58.5.>. Ofwdge Ofwdge gf end~ge~f end~ge~f 58.>. Wkwlvl 58.:. Zldce`vl 58.7. Wf}wvl k`bd~oewkr 58.6. Oe~je 58.2. Ldcd 58.3. Klvzw~eŪke 58.=. Jvlde~fe 58.;. ZxeŪkvl lknf~
:
58.58. Zv`fwvl 58.55. OkŔje~fe
JEXKWDLVL 559 Flfof`wf gf xzkmdldckf elf ~fjleofk
55.5. Jdoxd~weof`wvlvk jd`zvoewd~vlvk. Odgflvl cf`f~el 55.>. Elwf odgflf 5>.:. Flfof`wflf jdoxd~weof`wvlvk jd`zvoewd~vlvk 55.:.5. Xf~jfxf~fe 55.:.>. Jv`deŔwf~fe 55.:.:. Ofod~e~fe 55.:.7. À`rĊŪe~fe 55.:.6. FodŪke 55.:.2. OdwkreŪke 55.7. ^fleŪke gk`w~f k`wf`Ūke Ŕk jdoxd~weof`wvl jdoxd~weof`wvl gf jvoxĊ~e~f jvoxĊ~e~f
7
E. ^FLEŮK ^FLEŮKKK XVNL XVNLKJF KJF Jexkwdlvl 5 ^FLEŮKK XVNLKJF ‚ END^GĎ^K WFD^FWKJF 5. 5. Jd`jfxwf. Gfbk`kŪkk
EzdjkeŪke K`wf~`eŪkd`elĊ e ^fleŪkkld~ Xvnlkjf e zwenklkw le Jd`rf`Ūke e`velĊ gk` 5;3= v~oĊwde~fe gfbk`kŪkf9 .X~ejwkje ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf fzwf e~we Ŕk Ŕwkk`Ūe zdjkelĊ e e`elkyĊ~kk v`d~ wf`gk`Ūf, e e`wkjkxĊ~kk jd`zfjk`Ūfld~ ld~, e zbĊwvk~kk lkgf~kld~ v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk Ŕk e koxlfof`wĊ~kk v`d~ x~d x~dc~ c~eo eoff gf ejŪk ejŪkv` v`ff je~f je~f rd~ rd~ zf~r zf~rkk ewîw ewîw k`wf k`wf~f ~fzf zflf lf d~ce d~ce`k `kye yeŪk Ūkfk fk,, jîw jîw Ŕk k`wf k`wf~f ~fzf zflf lf xvnlkjvlvk.-Gdvc @fszd`, Elle` Zjdww Wmkz kz X^ / Wmf ^felkwkfz db Xvnlkj ^flewkd`z, 5;;:+. EjffeŔk k`zwkwvŪkf jd`wk`vĊ gfbk`kŪke zvn elwĊ bd~oĊ9 ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf / ~fx~fyk`wĊ d bv`jŪkf x~k`jkxelĊ e jd`gvjf~kk, neyewĊ xf d ejwkrkwewf jd`wk`vĊ Ŕk zkzwfoewkjĊ, jv eivwd~vl jĊ~fke k`zwkwvŪkklf jevwĊ zĊ dnŪk`Ċ à`Ūflfcf~fe, zkoxewke Ŕk zx~kik`vl ejfld~e jv je~f ev ~fleŪkk à` x~fyf`w zev rd~ erfe à` rkkwd~. ^f} Me~lds, f}xf~w à` Xvnlkj ^flewkd`z / ZVE, gvxĊ jf e k`wf~rkfrew =7 gf zxfjkelkŔwk, e kgf`wkbkjew xfzwf 73> gf gfbk`kŪkk oek ovlw zev oek xvŪk` gkbf~kwf. Fl lf/e zflfjwew xd~`k`g gf le zkoxlv le jdoxlf} gfbk`k`g ezwbfl ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf9 / ~felkyĊ~k ex~fjkewf gf xvnlkj1 / ~fjv`deŔwf~f Ŕk xf~bd~oe`ŪĊ1 / e bejf nk`f Ŕk e bk nk`f rĊyvw xf`w~v ejfzw lvj~v1 / ejŪkv`k of`kwf zĊ ~felkyfyf d ~fleŪkf berd~enklĊ jv xvnlkjvl1 / fbd~wv~klf v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk gf e dnŪk`f jddxf~e~fe v`vk c~vx gf deof`k1 / zev, xv~ Ŕk zkoxlv, ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf?~fleŪkklf jv xvnlkjvl1 Fl gĊ Ŕk d gfbk`kŪkf oek jdoxlfwĊ9 .^fleŪ .^fleŪkkl kklff xvnlkj xvnlkjff ~fx~fy ~fx~fyk`w k`wĊĊ d bv`jŪk bv`jŪkff gf oe`ecf oe`ecfof of`w `w gkzwk` gkzwk`jwĊ jwĊ,, je~f je~f eivwĊ eivwĊ le zwenklk~fe Ŕk of`Ūk`f~fe jdov`kjĊ~kk ~fjkx~djf, e à`Ūflfcf~kk, e ejjfxwĊ~kk Ŕk jddxf~Ċ~kk à`w~f d d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk xvnlkjv~klf fk1 flf koxlkjĊ oe`ecfof`wvl x~dnlfofld~, eivwî`g oe`ecf~kk zĊ bkf k`bd~oeŪk ezvx~e dxk`kfk xvnlkjf Ŕk zĊ ~Ċzxv`gĊ jf~f~kld~ dxk`kfk xvnlkjf1 flf gfbk`fzj Ŕk ejjf`wvfeyĊ dnlkceŪkklf oe`ecf~kld~ gf e zf~rk k`wf~fzvlvk xvnlkj1 flf zf~rfzj je zkzwfo gf erf~wkye~f, je~f eivwĊ oe`ecf~kk zĊ e`wkjkxfyf wf`gk`Ūflf ofgkvlvk1 flf bdldzfzj je x~k`jkxelf k`zw~vof`wf gf lvj~v jf~jfwe~fe Ŕk jdov`kje~fe neyewf xf x~k`jkxkk fwkjf.- ^f} B. Me~lds, Nvklgk`c e X^ Gfbk`kwkd` + Gdvc @fszd` @fszd` Ŕk Elle` Zjdww ebk~oĊ ebk~oĊ jĊ à` à` odg kgfel, kgfel, ~fleŪkklf ~fleŪkklf xvnlkjf xvnlkjf `v zf ~fyvoĊ ~fyvoĊ gde~ le e zxv`f lvj~v~k nv`f, jk Ŕk e bejf lvj~v~k nv`f. Zjdww O. Jvwlkx Ŕk Ellf` M. Jf`wf~ à` lvj~e~fe Fbbfjwkrf Xvnlkj ^flewkd`z zvzŪk` jĊ ~ fleŪkklf fleŪkklf xvnlkjf ~fx~fyk`wĊ fbd~wvl x~dc~eoew gf k`blvf`Ūe~f e dxk`kfk xvnlkjf x~k` ~felkyĊ~k ~fzxd`zenklf Ŕk ejjfxwewf zdjkel, xf neye v`fk jdov`kjĊ~k ~fjkx~djf zewkzbĊjĊwde~f zev ejfe bv`jŪ bv`jŪkf kf e oe`ecf oe`ecfof of`wv `wvlvk lvk je~f je~f zwenkl zwenklfŔw fŔwff Ŕk of`Ūk` of`Ūk`ff ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkk ovwvel ovwvelff nf`fbk nf`fbkjf jf à`w~f à`w~f d d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk xvnlkjvl gf je~f gfxk`gf zvjjfzvl zev fŔfjvl zĊv. 6
5.:. Jvrk`wf jmfkf à` ~fleŪkklf xvnlkjf
GejĊ e~v`jĊo d x~krk~f w~e`zrf~zelĊ ezvx~e gfbk`kŪkkld~ f}kzwf`wf dnzf~rĊo d zf~kf gf jvrk`wf/jmfkf je~f exe~ à` oeid~kwewfe bd~ovlĊ~kld~. e+ À`j~fgf~fe e+ À`j~fgf~fe ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf, x~k` gkrf~zf okildejf Ŕk ofwdgf, v~oĊ~fŔwf koxv`f~fe v`fk koeck`k egfjrewf je~f zĊ cf`f~fyf le xe~wf`f~k à`j~fgf~f beŪĊ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf, gf xf~zd`elvl, gf x~dgvzflf, zf~rkjkklf, zev x~fzweŪkklf zelf. Koxd~we`Ūe dxk`kfk xvnlkjf e bdzw jv`dzjvwĊ wvwv~d~ oe~kld~ jd`gvjĊwd~k gf/e lv`cvl kzwd~kfk, ke~ jfl je~f e bĊjvw xf`w~v x~koe de~Ċ ~fbf~k~k le fe e bdzw En~emeo Lk`jdl`. À` 5=6; fl zxv`fe9 Zkoxewke xvnlkjvlvk fzwf wdwvl1 erî`g/d, `v rfk erfe fŔfjv~k, ge~, `ferî`g/d, `kokj `v/Ūk re ~fvŔk. Ejwkrkwew wewfe fe gf ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkk xvnlkj xvnlkjff fzwf fzwf k`w k`wf`Ū f`Ūkd` kd`ewĊ ewĊ99 fe fzwf fzwf of`kwĊ of`kwĊ zĊ n+ Gflknf~e~fe Ejwkrk k`blvf`Ūfyf, zĊ jîŔwkcf à`Ūflfcf~f, zĊ bv~`kyfyf k`bd~oeŪkk Ŕk zĊ dnŪk`Ċ d ~fejŪkf gf bffgneja -~fejŪke jfld~ rkyeŪk gf ejfezwĊ ejwkrkwewf+. Ejwkrkwew wewfe fe gf ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkk xvnlkj xvnlkjff fzwf fzwf d~ce`k d~ce`kye yewĊ. wĊ. Xf`w~v Xf`w~v ejwkrk ejwkrkwew wewfe fe j+ Xle`kbkje~fe Ejwkrk gfzbĊŔv~ewĊ xf d e`vokwĊ xf~kdegĊ gf wkox zf cĊzfzj zdlvŪkk Ŕk zf xle`kbkjĊ ldckzwkje. Wdwvl zf gfzbĊŔde~Ċ zkzwfoewkj, jffe jf x~fzvxv`f jf~jfwe~f Ŕk e`elkyĊ. g+ ^felkye~fe$xf~bd~oe`Ūe D ejwkrkwewf fbkjkf`wĊ gf ^fleŪkk xvnlkjf zf neyfeyĊ xf zw~ewfckklf Ŕk ~felkyĊ~klf x~dx~kv/ykzf elf v`vk k`gkrkg zev elf v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk. K`gkbf~f`w gf ejwkrkwewfe gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf gfzbĊŔv~ewĊ, d d~ce`kyeŪkf `v zf re nvjv~e gf ex~fjkf~f Ŕk zx~kik` gejĊ kc`d~Ċ k`wf~fzvl xvnlkj Ŕk `v ~Ċzxv`gf k`wf~fzvlvk ejfzwvke. f+ K`wf~fzvl f+ K`wf~fzvl xvnlkj ^eŪkv`fe d~kjĊ~fk ejwkrkwĊŪk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf fzwf gf e zf~rk k`wf~fzvl xvnlkj Ŕk `v gde~ gf e dnŪk`f nf`fbkjkk xf`w~v d d~ce`kyeŪkf. À` odg kgfel, ejwkrkwewfe gf ~fleŪkk xvnlk xvnlkjf jf fzwf fzwf nf`fbk nf`fbkjĊ jĊ ewîw ewîw xf`w~ xf`w~vv d~ce` d~ce`kye kyeŪkf Ūkf jîw Ŕk xf`w~v xf`w~v xvnlkj xvnlkj Ŕk zfo`kb zfo`kbkjĊ kjĊ elk`kf elk`kf~fe ~fe k`wf~fzfld~ x~dx~kk elf v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk le k`wf~fzflf Ŕk x~dnlfoflf xvnlkjvlvk. b+ Gkof`zkv`fe oe`ecf~kelĊ. EjwkrkwĊŪklf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zv`w oek fbkjkf`wf ewv`jk jî`g zv`w k`wfc~ewf à` zw~vjwv~klf gf jd`gvjf~f elf v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk. c+ Jdov`kje~fe nklewf~elĊ ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf zf neyfeyĊ xf x~flve~fe k`bd~oeŪkkld~ gk` ofgkvl ofgkvl à` je~f je~f dxf~fe dxf~feyĊ yĊ d~ce` d~ce`kye kyeŪke Ūke,, xf w~e`zo w~e`zokwf kwf~fe ~fe gf `dk k`bd~o k`bd~oeŪk eŪkkk Ŕk xf v~oĊ~k v~oĊ~k~fe ~fe bffgneja/ vlvk ejfzwd~e. Jd`jfxwvl v`kgk~fjŪkd`el el ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf jd`gvjf le x~dxece`gĊ Ŕk le jdov`kje~f xf~zvezkrĊ. Flfof`wvl jmfkf el ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf àl ~fx~fyk`wĊ ~fjkx~djkwewfe1 jfk gdk xe~wf`f~k / d~ce`kyeŪk d~ce`kyeŪkee Ŕk xvnlkjvl xvnlkjvl / eiv`c, gewd~kwĊ gewd~kwĊ v`fk nv`f zw~ewfc zw~ewfckk kk gf jdov`kje jdov`kje~f, ~f, le v` zwegkv zwegkv gf à`Ūflfcf~f, gf à`j~fgf~f ~fjkx~djĊ Ŕk gf zx~kik` ovwvel. Ejwkrkwewfe gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf `v x~fzvxv`f gde~ jd`zklkf~f Ŕk zdlvŪkd`e~f e x~dnlfofld~ le `krflv~k à`elwf, jk Ŕk gkbvye~fe k`bd~oeŪkfk x~krkwde~f le mdwĊ~î~fe lvewĊ. ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf ~fx~fyk`wĊ d bv`jŪkf gf zk`f zwĊwĊwde~f. ^f} Me~lds à` gfbk`kŪkklf Ŕk k`wf~x~fwĊ~klf bf`dof`vlvk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zvnlk`ke oek elfz ~dlvl jd`gvjf~kk9 ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf ~fx~fyk`wĊ d bv`jŪkf gf zk`f zwĊwĊwde~f e jd`gvjf~kk, je~f eivwĊ le zwenklk~fe Ŕk of`Ūk`f~fe v`d~ jĊk gf jdov`kje~f à` eonflf zf`zv~k, e à`Ūflfcf~kk, ejjfxwĊ~kk Ŕk jddxf~Ċ~kk gk`w gk`w~f ~f d d~ce d~ce`k `kye yeŪk Ūkff Ŕk deof deof`k `kkk jv je~f je~f k`w~ k`w~ĊĊ à` jd`w jd`wej ejw1 w1 flf flf gfbk gfbk`f `fzj zj Ŕk zvnl zvnlk` k`ke keyĊ yĊ ~fzxd`zenklkwewfe jd`gvjf~kk gf e zlvik k`wf~fzvl xvnlkj1 eivwĊ jd`gvjf~fe zĊ Ūk`Ċ xezvl jv zjmkonĊ~klf Ŕk zĊ bejĊ vy, à` odg fbkjkf`w, gf ejfzwfe, ejŪkd`î`g je v` zkzwfo gf erf~wkye~f wkoxv~kf le e`wkjkxe~fe `dkld~ jv~f`wf Ŕk bdldzfŔwf, je x~k`jkxelf k`zw~vof`wf gf lvj~v, wfm`kjklf gf jf~jfwe~f Ŕk jdov`kje~f fwkjĊ.
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5.7. Wf~of`k gf ~fbf~k`ŪĊ à` gfbk`k~fe ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf
e D~ce`kyeŪke
Fzwf v` wf~of` cf`f~kj je~f k`jlvgf gkrf~zf wkxv~k gf k`zwkwvŪkk 9 zw~vjwv~k elf xvwf~kk -cvrf~`vl, ok`kzwf~flf, e~oewe, xdlkŪke, xvwf~klf ldjelf+, k`zwkwvŪkk k`zwkwvŪkk egok`kzw~ewkrf, egok`kzw~ewkrf, à`w~fx~k`gf~k, à`w~fx~k`gf~k, bk~of jdof~jkelf, k`zwkwvŪkk jvlwv~elf Ŕk zxd~wkrf, d~ce`kyeŪkk `fcvrf~`eof`welf, k`zwkwvŪkk gk` zbf~e fgvjeŪkfk fwj.
n Xvnlkjvl
À` zf`zvl le~c, ejfzw wf~of` zf ~fbf~Ċ le d~kjf c~vx ek jĊ~vk ofon~k ev v` k`wf~fz jdov`, à`w~/d e`vokwĊ zkwveŪkf, zev àoxĊ~wĊŔfzj reld~k jdov`f Xvnlkjvl ~fx~fyk`wĊ d~kjf c~vx zev k`gkrkg je~f fzwf koxlkjew à` r~fv` bfl e`vof à` rkeŪe v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk Xvnlkjvl zf gkbf~f`ŪkeyĊ x~k` jdoxd~weof`wvl jdov`kjeŪkd`el. Gk` ejfezwĊ xf~zxfjwkrĊ xvnlkjvl xdewf bk9 5 Xvnlkjv~klf wvwv~d~ x~dnlfofld~ / ejfzwfe kev xe~wf ejwkr le wdewf gfynewf~klf1 > Xvnlkjv~klf exewkjf / ejfzwfe zv`w xvŪk` ejwkrf1 : Xvnlkjv~klf v`fk zk`cv~f x~dnlfof / ejfzwfe zv`w ejwkrf `voek à` jffe jf x~krfŔwf v` `voĊ~ lkokwew gf wfof, ex~dxkewf à`w~f flf1 7 Xvnlkjv~klf x~dnlfofld~ bkf~nk`Ūk / ejfzwfe gfrk` ejwkrf `voek gvxĊ jf x~fze e w~e`zbd~oew d x~dnlfoĊ à`w~/d jmfzwkv`f gf oe}koĊ ejwvelkwewf. GvxĊ xdykŪke beŪĊ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf xvnlkjvl xdewf bk9 / k`wf~`1 / f}wf~`. GvxĊ exe~wf`f`Ūe le d `eŪkv`f9 / `eŪkd`el1 / k`wf~`eŪkd`el . GvxĊ ~fzv~zflf xf je~f lf xdw xv`f le gkzxdykŪke d~ce`kyeŪkfk9 / x~koe~f / ev d oe~f xvwf~f gf e eivwe d~ce`kyeŪke1 / zfjv`ge~f / zv`w oek xvŪk` koxd~we`wf1 / oe~ck`elf. GvxĊ ewkwvgk`fe beŪĊ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf9 / zx~kik`kwd~k 1 / dxd`f`Ūk1 / `fvw~k GvxĊ x~fyf`Ūe à` d~ce`kyeŪkf9 / w~egkŪkd`elk / je~f fzwf lfcew gfie gf d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / `fw~egkŪkd`elk / je~f k`wf~bf~feyĊ à` odg `feŔwfxwew jv d~ce`kyeŪke. Xf`w~v d~ce`kyeŪkf fzwf f}w~fo gf koxd~we`w zĊ kgf`wkbkjf Ŕk zĊ jv`dezjĊ jîw oek jd~fjw jv xvwk`ŪĊ, gkbf~kwflf wkxv~k gf xvnlkj jv je~f k`wf~bf~feyĊ. Jv`deŔwf~fe xvnlkjvlvk d~ce`kyeŪkfk xf~ xf~ok okwf wf jd`z jd`zw~ w~vk vk~f ~fee v`d~ v`d~ ofze ofzeif if gkbf gkbf~f ~f`Ū `Ūke kewf wf je zwkl zwkl gf x~fy x~fyf` f`we we~f ~f,, lkon lkonei ei,, ofwd ofwdgf gf gf jdov`kje~f fwj.
5.2. Dnkfjwkrflf ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf
^fleŪk ^fleŪkklf klf xvnlkj xvnlkjff x~dbfz x~dbfzkd` kd`kzw kzwff gk~fjŪ gk~fjŪkd` kd`fey feyĊĊ d~kjf d~kjf ejwkr ejwkrkwe kwewf wf jĊw~f jĊw~f ewk`cf ewk`cf~fe ~fe v`d~ v`d~ dnkfjwkrf ewf`w zflfjŪkd`ewf, frkwî`gv/zf fbd~wv~klf k`vwklf. Dnkfjwkrflf xdw bk ~felf Ŕk gfjle~ewf. Fzwf `fjfze~ e zf bejf d gkzdjkf~f gfde~fjf, à` e`vokwf zkwveŪkk d~ce`kyeŪkklf gfjle~Ċ e`vokwf dnkfjwkrf exe~f`w `frk`drewf ge~ à` ~felkwewf flf 3
v~oĊ~fzj jv wdwvl elwjfre. F}foxlv9 eoflkd~e~fe ~fleŪkkld~ k`zwkwvŪkfk / dnkfjwkr gfjle~ew Ŕk jîŔwkce~fe v`fk lkjkweŪkk / dnkfjwkr ~fel. À` zkwveŪke à` je~f zf dxf~feyĊ jv dnkfjwkrf gvnlf f}kzwĊ ~kzjvl je x~k` gfyrĊlvk~fe ld~, koeck`fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk zĊ zf gfwf~kd~fyf. Gf ejffe jd`gvjĊwd~kk d~ce`kyeŪkkld~ Ŕk jd`zklkf~kk zĊk w~fnvkf zĊ e`elkyfyf bde~wf nk`f ejfzwf ~kzjv~k à`ek`wf gf e mdwĊ~à dnkfjwkrflf ejwkrkwĊŪkk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Dnkfjwkrflf ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf elf v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk xdw bk9 e. Zwenklk~fe xdykŪkfk d~ce`kyeŪkfk à` ~exd~w jv xvnlkjvl zĊv. n. Gdnî`gk~fe v`vk x~fzwkckv zev koeck`fe berd~enklĊ. j. X~dodre~fe v`d~ x~dgvzf zev zf~rkjkk. g. Kgf`wkbkje~fe Ŕk zdlvŪkd`e~fe x~dnlfofld~ Ŕk dxd~wv`kwĊŪkld~ exĊ~vwf. f. Ewkwvgk`fe xdykwkrĊ gk` xe~wfe9 ejŪkd`e~kld~ Ŕk ofon~kld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk, e cvrf~`vlvk, e bv~`kyd~kld~, e elwd~ d~ce`kyeŪkk jv je~f zf jdlend~feyĊ. b. À`jv~eie~fe v`fk ewkwvgk`k xdykwkrf gk` xe~wfe jdov`kwĊŪkk. c. X~frf`k~fe dxk`kkld~ f~d`ewf Ŕk e x~fivgfjĊŪkld~ m. X~frf`k~fe Ŕk zdlvŪkd`e~fe x~dnlfofld~ gf ov`jĊ. k. Ew~ecf~fe v`vk xf~zd`el jelkbkjew jv xf~bd~oe`Ūf à` ov`jĊ. i. Ew~ecf~fe gf `dk bv~`kyd~k. a. Fgvje~fe xvnlkjvlvk xf`w~v bd~oe~fe v`fk e`vokwf jd`jfxŪkk. l. Ewkwvgk`fe xdykwkrĊ e jd`zvoewd~kld~ Ŕk e zvzŪk`Ċwd~kld~. o. K`rfzwkce~fe ewkwvgk`kk gkrf~zfld~ c~vxv~k beŪĊ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf. `. Bd~ovle~fe Ŕk à`g~voe~fe xdlkwkjkld~. d. À`g~voe~fe zx~f zjmkone~f. x. ^fbejf~fe koeck`kk à` jeyvl à` je~f ejfezwe, gk` gkrf~zf odwkrf, e bdzw gfwf~kd~ewĊ.
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Jexkwdlvl > KOECK@FE ‚ END^GĎ^K WFD^FWKJF >.5. Koeck`fe / koeck`fe gf oe~jĊ
Ife` Jeyf`fvrf -5;32, exvg J~. Bl. Xdxfzjv, >88>, x. 562+ e~ewĊ jĊ “ koeck`fe jd`zwkwvkf v`vl gk` xdlkk oeid~k ek e`elkyfk xf`w~v zxfjkelkŔwkk ofgke. Koeck`fe ew~ecf ewf`Ūke wvwv~d~9 xzkmdldck, zfokdwkjkf`k, zdjkdldck. Koeck`fe jd`wv~feyĊ ezwbfl, v` xfkzei fzf`Ūkel el jkrklkyeŪkfk `dezw~f. Fe e gfrf`kw v` gkzjv~z, d k`gvzw~kf, v` x~dgvz gf jd`zvo, v` okw jd`wfzwew. Fe fzwf okye v`d~ nĊwĊlkk, ldjvl v`fk j~vjkegf, àŔk e~f jeoxkd`kk Ŕk gvŔoe`kk fk, w~ĊgĊwd~kk Ŕk x~dbfŪkk fk, w~ebkje`Ūkk Ŕk cf`kklf fk, kgdlkk Ŕk of~jf`e~kk fk‟. Jd`jf Jd`jfxwv xwvll gf KOECK@F e~f e~f d kzwd kzwd~k ~kff ~fle ~flewk wkrr ~fgv ~fgvzĊ zĊ à` wkox wkox.. “K`rf`wewd~vl‟ jd`jfxwvlvk gf koeck`f Ŕk xf~zd`elkwewf e x~dgvzvlvk zf jd`zkgf~Ċ e bk F~`fzw Gkjmwf~, à` e`vl 5;:5, jî`g e zwvgkew x~dnlfoflf xf je~f lf à`wîoxk`ev ben~kje`Ūkk gf zĊxv` à` e dnŪk`f x~dbkw. Gkjmwf~ jd`zwewĊ jĊ “ zĊxv`vl `v fzwf ivgfjew ewîw à` bv`jŪkf gf x~fŪ, ezxfjw zev jvlde~f, jîw x~k` e`zeonlvl wvwv~d~ ejfzwd~ jelkwĊŪk, jelkwĊŪk, jĊ~d~e lk zf egevcĊ à`jĊ v`e koxd`gf~enklĊ, koxd`gf~enklĊ, xf je~f d rdk `vok << xf~zd`elkwewfe zĊxv`vlvk00‟ EŔege~, ejfzw jd`jfxw z/e koxvz, k`kŪkel, à` rdjenvle~vl jdof~jkel xf`w~v e gfbk`k ^FX^FYF@WE^FE xf je~f v` k`gkrkg, c~vx zdjkel zev zfcof`w gf xdxvleŪkf Ŕk/d bd~ofeyĊ gfzx~f v` x~dgvz zev zf~rkjkv, d oe~jĊ zev d à`w~fx~k`gf~f. X~k` KOECK@F zf à`Ūflfcf gfjk, “ ~fx~fyf`we~fe je~f z/e bd~oew je d zvoĊ gf j~fgk`Ūf, ewkwvgk`k, dxk`kk, x~fivgfjĊŪk, f}xf~kf`Ūf zev x~fzvxv`f~k -eŔwfxwĊ~k+, le c~vxf gf xf~ xf~zd zde` e`ff zev zev à` jeg~ jeg~vl vl dxk` dxk`kf kfkk xvnl xvnlkj kjff ezvx ezvx~e ~e v`fk v`fk xf~z xf~zde de`f `f bkyk bkykjf jf zev zev iv~k iv~kgk gkjf jf,, k`zwkwvŪkk$d~ce`kyeŪkk zev d~kjf bf`dof` zev dnkfjw‟ À` jdov`kje~fe xdlkwkjĊ, gvxĊ Cen~kfl Wmdrf~d` - Jdov`kje~fe Jdov`kje~fe xdlkwkjĊ, eyk , Fg. E`wfw, Nvjv~fŔwk, 5;;2+ “Koeck`fe fzwf ~fx~fyf`we~fe zev ~fx~dgvjf~fe of`welĊ e v`vk x~dgvz9 v` xe~wkg, v` do xdlkwkj. Oek egfzfe e v`vk do gfjîw e v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk. E v`vk do jv je~f `f xvwfo kgf`wkbkje, ezvx~e jĊ~vke xvwfo zĊ `f x~dkfjwĊo1 gfzkcv~, fxdje koeck`kld~ `v fzwf zk`cv~e ~fzxd`zenklĊ gf xf~zd`elkye~fe xdlkwkjkk, ge~ ejfezwĊ fxdjĊ zf m~Ċ`fŔwf gk` fe Ŕk, wdwdgewĊ, d à`w~fŪk`f‟. Le ~î`gvl fk , , “<88>, x. 563+ fzwf ‐e`zeonlv e`zeonlvll w~ĊzĊwv~ w~ĊzĊwv~kld kld~, ~, exwkwvgk exwkwvgk`kld `kld~, ~, xdykŪkk xdykŪkkld~ ld~ xdlkwkjf xdlkwkjf,, jelkwĊŪ jelkwĊŪkld~ kld~ Ŕk gfbfjwf gfbfjwfld~ ld~ xf je~f elfcĊwd~vl `.`.+ k lf ew~knvkf xf g~fxw zev xf `fg~fxw. Zvoe ejfzwd~ koeck`k jvlfzf x~k` - elfcĊwd~vl zdjkdldckjĊ `.` + jd`zw~vkfŔwf v` bfl gf xd~w~fw zdjkel el xf~zde`fk xvnlkjf xf je~f e`jmfwĊ - zdjkdldckjĊ ejfezwe xdewf à`jf~je zĊ d f}xldewfyf, zĊ d jd~fjwfyf, zĊ d à`wĊ~fezjĊ‟. Koeck`fe v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk fzwf dnkfjw gf xew~kod`kv. Fe xdewf bk9 e / odŔwf`kwĊ / f}foxlv, koeck`fe bk~ofk n~kwe`kjf ^dllz ^d{jf, je~f e w~erf~zew `felwf~ewĊ oek ovlwf gfjf`kk à` zfjdlvl w~fjvw bkk`g à` wdw ejfzw wkox v` xvwf~`kj bejwd~ gf x~dodre~f xf xkeŪe od`gkelĊ e x~dgvzfld~ bk~ofk1
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n / k`jlvzĊ à` wdwelkwewfe wdwelkwewfe nv`v~kld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk d~ce`kyeŪkfk / f}foxlv, koeck`fe bk~ofk Jdje Jdle, jd`z jd`zkg kgf~ f~ew ewĊĊ je bkk` bkk`gg oek oek reld reld~d ~dez ezĊĊ gfjî gfjîww e`ze e`zeon onlv lvll ok okil ilde dejf jfld ld~~ bk}f bk}f elf elf ckce ckce`w `wvl vlvk vk w~e`z`eŪkd`el1 j / d gkof`zkv`f `foewf~kelĊ, zvnkfjwkrĊ , ge~ je~f xdewf bk ex~fjkewĊ à` ne`k, à`w~vjîw e~f relde~f gf xkeŪĊ. Xew~kod`kv ? wdwe wdwelk lkwe wewf wfee nv`v nv`v~k ~kld ld~~ od odŔw Ŕwf` f`kw kwf, f, e nv`v nv`v~k ~kld ld~~ je~f je~f exe~ exe~Ūk Ūk`` v`fk v`fk jdlfjwkrkwĊŪk1 wdwelkwewfe g~fxwv~kld~ Ŕk dnlkceŪkkld~ jvkre Ŕk je~f xdw bk frelvewf à` ne`k, -jb. Okj GkjŪkd`e~ el L^+ Koeck`fe gf oe~jĊ / fzwf v` elw jd`jfxw je~f z/e ~Ċzxî`gkw, x~ejwkjkf`kk vwklkyî`gv/l, x~k` cf`f~elkye~f cf`f~elkye~f xf`w~v e gfzfo`e gfzfo`e wdewf jflflelwf jflflelwf bd~of gf koeck`f. koeck`f. Fl z/e zvnzwkwvkw, zvnzwkwvkw, w~fxwew w~fxwew .~fxvweŪkfk. v`fk k`zwkwvŪkk. F}foxlv, jeyvl v`vk enzdlrf`w el V`krf~zkwĊŪkk D}bd~g. ZxfjkelkŔwkk à` xvnlkjkwewf ev à`Ūflfz gfovlw ~dlvl gfwf~ok`e`w el koeck`kk gf oe~jĊ F}foxlv, Lfr{ Zw~evzz, Xmklkxz, Of~jfgfz fwj. D koeck`f zf bd~ofeyĊ x~dc~fzkr gf/e lv`cvl e`kld~, x~k`9 / jelkwewfe Ŕk je`wkwewfe dnkfjwfld~ zev zf~rkjkkld~1 / k`bd~oeŪkklf dnŪk`vwf gk` x~fzĊ zev xvnlkjkwewf1 / jdof`we~kklf xf~zd`elvlvk k`zwkwvŪkfk1 / zewkzbejŪke dnŪk`vwĊ à` v~oe vwklkyĊ~kk zf~rkjkkld~ Ŕk x~dgvzfld~1 / jffe jf zxv` jvoxĊ~Ċwd~kk -vwklkyewd~kk+ zev jdlend~ewd~kk gfzx~f flf1 / ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk xvnlkjkwewf. À` ejjfxŪkv`fe jfe oek zkoxlĊ KOECK@F ? ^FX^FYF@WE^F. Xd~`k`g gf le elwf x~fokzf, Wmdoez Zdsfll -à` lvj~e~fe E jd`blkjw db rkzkd`+ eiv`cf le jd`jlvyke jĊ koeck`klf zv`w je `kŔwf mĊ~Ūk je~f `f cmkgfeyĊ x~k`w~/d iv`clĊ gf jdoxlf}kwĊŪk vkokwde~f Koeck`fe fzwf odgvl `dzw~v gf e xf~jfxf jvo bv`jŪkd`feyĊ lvofe F}kzwĊ wdw ewîwfe koeck`k jîwf bkk`Ūf voe`f, gejĊ `v oek ovlwf Ŕk oek ovlwf koeck`k jd~fzxv`g v`vk bexw gew. BĊ~Ċ e k`w~e à` eoĊ`v`wflf v`fk ezwbfl gf ~fx~fyf`wĊ~k zĊ gĊo v` f}foxlv gk` kzwd~ke ~doî`kld~ jî`g gdk dnzf~rewd~k, erî`g zkzwfof gf ~fbf~k`ŪĊ gkbf~kwf, dnzf~rĊ ejfleŔk lvj~v ge~, à` odgelkwĊŪk wdwel gkbf~kwf. Fzwf rd~ne gf gdvĊ zj~kzd~k gk` xf~kdege gdo`kfk lvk Okmek Rkwfeyvl je~f ~flewfeyĊ jeoxe`ke oklkwe~Ċ gf le Wî~cdrkŔwf e gdo`kwd~vlvk ~doî`. 5. Zj~kzde~fe lvk Bklkxxf Xkcebfwwe, gf bd~oeŪkf oklkwe~ jĊw~f Nflkye~ Rk`Ūe, je`jfle~vl Oe~flvk Gvjf gf Wdzje`e, gk` 5= djwdon~kf 56;69 . d~gk`fe f~e v~oĊwde~fe9 à` b~v`wf of~cfe x~k`jkxflf ŮĊ~kk ^doî`fŔwk, `vokw Okmek jv 5688 gf lĊ`jkf~k v`cv~k Ŕk elŪkk, ~doî`k gf/ek zĊk, je~f xĊ~fev jeo >888, Ŕk xdewf Ŕk d okf gf e~mfnvykf~k ~doî`k jĊle~f Ŕk elŪkk jĊle~f jv zvlkŪf gf e~v`jew, Ŕk wdewĊ xfgfzw~kofe gf zfjvk Ŕk gf zeŔk à` `voĊ~ gf r~fd =8 gf zwfecv~k fwj. >. ^exd~wvl lvk Ckejdod V`kfzzk gk` D~gk`vl Kfyvkw, gf bd~oeŪkf x~fdw, jĊw~f Zvxf~kd~vl gf le Zbî`we Ne~ne~e gk` J~ejdrke9 X~felvok`ewvl X~k`jkxf eŔe z/e x~fcĊwkw xf`w~v jkdj`k~fe jv Zk`e` XeŔe9 à` ykve gf 52 djwdon~kf z/e zxdrfgkw Ŕk z/e jvok`fjew, z/e à`c~kikw zĊ bkf nk`fjvrî`wewĊ gf `v`Ūkvl exdzwdlkj e~ov~e à`ek`wf gf e zf àon~Ċje, jv je~f bkk`g àon~Ċjew à` xvnlkj, à`ek`wf gf e zf v~je xf jel, e jf~vw nk`fjvrî`we~fe jv cf`v`jmkk exlfjeŪk fwj . Gk` jflf gdvĊ ~flewĊ~k zf xdewf vŔd~ jd`zwewe odgvl gkbf~kw gf xf~jfxf~f e koeck`kk ejflvkeŔk dnkfjw zev bf`dof` gewd~ew zkzwfofld~ gkbf~kwf gf ~fbf~k`ŪĊ Ŕk e odgvlvk gkbf~kw gf k`zw~vk~f el xf~zd`eifld~ xf gf d xe~wf jîw Ŕk eg~fze`wvlvk, xf gf elwĊ xe~wf.
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>. >. Cfzwkd`e~fe koeck`kk
Je dnkfjw gf xew~kod`kv, koeck`fe zf cfzwkd`feyĊ le bfl je d~kjf elw nv` gf xew~kod`kv el d~ce`kyeŪkfk, k`gkbf~f`w gf `ewv~e ejfzwvke. D koeck`f nv`Ċ e d~ce`kyeŪkfk e~f d k`blvf`ŪĊ jdrî~Ŕkwde~f ezvx~e ~fvŔkwfk à` ebejf~k. Rf~zvz, d koeck`f `fcewkrĊ ebfjwfeyĊ, v`fd~k gf d oe`kf~Ċ k`j~fgknklĊ, zvjjfzvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Ejfzw bexw fzwf bde~wf nk`f à`Ūflfz gf f}xf~Ūkk wvwv~d~ bk~ofld~ bk ~ofld~ gf zvjjfz gk` lvof. Bd~oe~fe koeck`kk v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk zf xdewf ~felkye exlkjî`g d e`vokwĊ xdlkwkjĊ jf Ūk`f, xf gf d xe~wf gf zwklvl oe`ecf~kel el jd`gvjĊwd~vlvk d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk, xf gf elwĊ xe~wf, gf ejwkrkwewfe gfzbĊŔv~ewĊ gf e`ceieŪk. Koeck`fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk xdewf bk cfzwkd`ewĊ à` jfl xvŪk` Ŕezf odgv~k9 e ^felkye~f ^felkye~fee v`d~ lvj~v~k nv`f, à` zf`zvl zf`zvl x~ejwkjĊ~ x~ejwkjĊ~kkkk v`vk oe`ecfof`w oe`ecfof`w f}w~fo gf xf~bd~oe`w Zvjjfzvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk fzwf zw~î`z jd~flew jv oe`ecfof`wvl ejfzwfke. E bejf lvj~v~k nv`f à`zfeo`Ċ ~felkye~fe v`d~ x~dgvzf gf jelkwewf Ŕk e v`d~ zf~rkjkk k~fx~dŔenklf je~f zv`w k`gkjkk elf v`vk oe`ecfof`w xf~bd~oe`w. n GfzbĊŔ GfzbĊŔv~e v~e~fe ~fe v`fk v`fk ejwkr ejwkrkwĊ kwĊŪk Ūk x~dbfz x~dbfzkd` kd`kzw kzwff gf ~fleŪ ~fleŪkk kk xvnlkj xvnlkjff x~k` x~k` je~f je~f zĊ bkf dnŪk`vwĊ à`j~fgf~fe, zkoxewke, à`Ūflfcf~fe Ŕk zx~kik`vl xvnlkjvlvk x~dx~kv -e`ceieŪk, ejŪkd`e~k, zfcof`wf gf xvnlkj jf k`wf~fzfeyĊ d~ce`kyeŪke+1 Ejwkrkwewfe gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zf bejf xf neye v`fk zw~ewfckk je~f zĊ v~oĊ~fezjĊ j~fe~fe v`fk dxk`kk berd~enklf ewîw gk` xe~wfe x~dx~kkld~ e`ceieŪk jîw Ŕk gk` xe~wfe xvnlkjvlvk. X~k` ejfezw ejfezwe, e, x~dx~k x~dx~kkk e`cei e`ceieŪk eŪk w~fnvk w~fnvkff zĊ bkf à`gdjw~k`eŪk jv d bkldydbkf e k`zwkwvŪkfk, à` je~f flfof`wvl fzf`Ūkel fzwf à`Ūflfcf~fe ~dzwvlvk ejfzwfke. EjfezwĊ “à`gdjw~k`e~f‟ e xf~zd`elvlvk w~fnvkf zĊ rkyfyf à` zxfjkel fgvje~fe lvk jv x~krk~f le9 / ~fzxfjwvl beŪĊ gf lfcf. Zf xdewf ebk~oe jĊ v` bv`jŪkd`e~ xvnlkj w~fnvkf zĊ eknĊ v` jvlw xf`w~v ejfezwe1 / ~fzxfjwvl beŪĊ gf jfwĊŪf`k, à`Ūflfcf~fe bexwvlvk jĊ bv`jŪkd`e~vl xvnlkj fzwf à` zlvine jfwĊŪfe`vlvk Ŕk `v k`rf~z1 / d jd`gvkwĊ k~fx~dŔenklĊ le ldjvl gf ov`jĊ, à` beoklkf Ŕk à` zdjkfwewf1 / gd~k`Ūe gf evwdgfxĊŔk~f, gf e x~dodre, gf e/Ŕk xf~bfjŪkd`e x~fcĊwk~fe, gf e jd`w~knvk jv wdewĊ f`f~cke le nv`vl of~z el d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Egfzfe c~frflf zev jd`blkjwflf gf ov`jĊ ~fx~fyk`wĊ zfo`f elf v`fk ejwkrkwĊŪk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf `fxf~bd~oe`wf. Koxlkje~fe ejŪkd`e~kld~ à` nv`vl of~z el d~ce`kyeŪkfk, ewkwvgk`fe berd~enklĊ e xvnlkjvlvk Ūk`wĊ Ūk` wĊ ~fx~fy ~fx~fyk`w k`wĊ, Ċ, à` zjmkon zjmkon,, flfof` flfof`wf wf gfbk`k gfbk`kwd~ wd~kk kk elf v`fk v`fk ejwkr ejwkrkwĊ kwĊŪk Ūk x~dbfz x~dbfzkd` kd`kzw kzwff gf ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkk xvnlkjf. j GfzbĊŔv~e~fe v`fk ec~fzkrf jeoxe`kk xvnlkjkwe~f Lkwf~ewv~e gf zxfjkelkwewf ~fŪk`f je f}foxlv wkxkj gf klvzw~e~f e ejfzwfk odgelkwĊŪk gf cfzwkd`e~f e koeck`kk zkwveŪke jd`jf~`vlvk cf~oe` A~vxx gvxĊ el Gdklfe ^Ċyndk Od`gkel. Koeck`fe ejfzwvke f~e kgf`wkbkjewĊ à` dxk`ke xvnlkjĊ od`gkelĊ, jmke~ xî`Ċ le zvx~exv`f~f, jv koeck`fe v`flwfld~ ~Ċyndkvlvk / we`jv~k, wv`v~k, ov`kŪkf gf ~Ċyndk / Ŕk jv koeck`fe zvwfld~ gf okk gf f}xldykk, el zvwfld~ gf okk gf od~Ūk, vkweŪk xf jîoxv~klf gf nĊwĊlkf. D zvzŪk`vwĊ jeoxe`kf xvnlkjkwe~Ċ e gvz le j~fe~fe v`fk `dk koeck`k, ejffe gf e jd`zw~vjwd~ gf vwkleif Ŕk oeŔk`k xf~bd~oe`wf je~f zĊ vŔv~fyf ov`je deof`kld~, deof`kld~, je~f zĊ/k zx~kik`f xf jelfe x~dxĊŔk~kk Ŕk `v zĊ/k gkzw~vcĊ. Gf ~fŪk`vw jĊ ec~fzkrkwewfe jeoxe`kfk xvnlkjkwe~f w~fnvkf à`ŪflfezĊ à` zf`zvl k`bd~oĊ~kk zvzŪk`vwf Ŕk jd~fjwf e dxk`kfk xvnlkjf xf`w~v je koeck`fe zĊ eknĊ zvxd~w ~fel Ŕk `v v`vl jd`w~ebĊjvw. g Bdldzk~fe zxd`zd~kyĊ~kk zxd`zd~kyĊ~kk Fzwf d ofwdgĊ xf je~f d~ce`kyeŪkklf xvwf~`kjf, oe~klf jdoxe`kk, d vwklkyfeyĊ jv zvjjfz à` x~dodre~fe koeck`kk. 55
F}fo F}foxl xlv, v, bk~o bk~oee Jdje Jdje/J /Jdl dlee gf jîŪk jîŪkre re e`k e`k bdld bdldzf zfŔw Ŕwff zxd` zxd`zd zd~k ~kye ye~f ~fee x~k` x~k`jk jkxe xelf lfld ld~ ~ frf`kof`wf zxd~wkrf elf xle`fwfk jĊvwî`g x~k` ejfezwe zĊ gfe x~dgvzfld~ zelf d koeck`f jf zf ezdjkeyĊ à` ok`wfe xvnlkjvlvk jv wk`f~fŪfe, zĊ`Ċwewfe, gd~k`Ūe gf e bk oek nv`. À` ~fxlkjĊ bk~oe ~krelĊ, Xfxzk/Jdle jv v` x~dgvz gf xkeŪĊ ezfoĊ`Ċwd~, zxd`zd~kyfeyĊ x~k`jkxelflf frf`kof`wf jvlwv~elf, à` zxfjkel w~vxflf xdx Ŕk ~dja gf oe~f zvjjfz. Fbfjwvl v~oĊ~kw / ezdjkf~fe koeck`kk bk~ofk jv odgf~`kzovl Ŕk wk`f~fŪfe. V` elw f}foxlv àl jd`zwkwvkf bk~oe Oe~lnd~d je~f Ŕk/e j~few d koeck`f ezdjkewĊ jv wk`f~fŪfe jv~eivl, e~we, jd`gvjf~kk, zxd`zd~kyî`g, à` zxfjkel, jv~zflf evwdodnklkzwkjf gf bd~ovle 5.
f E`cei E`ceie~f e~fee v`vk v`vk xf~zd` xf~zd`el el bde~wf bde~wf nk`f nk`f x~fcĊw x~fcĊwkw, kw, odwkre odwkreww Ŕk eweŔew eweŔew dnkfjw dnkfjwkrf krfld~ ld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk Xf~zd`elvl k`zwkwvŪkfk e~f v` ~dl fzf`Ūkel à` j~fe~fe v`fk koeck`k gf oe~jĊ. Gf jelkwewfe xf~zd`elvlvk gfxk`gf zvjjfzvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Ejfzwe fzwf Ŕk odwkrvl xf`w~v je~f d~ce`kyeŪke zwenklfŔwf le e`ceie~f d e`vokwĊ c~klĊ x~dbfzkd`elĊ, jd~fzxv`yĊwde~f k`wf~fzfld~ zelf. F}kcf`Ūflf koxvzf gf d~ce`kyeŪkf xf~zd`elvlvk e`ceiew x~fzvxv` egvjf~fe à` k`wf~kd~vl zĊv e v`d~ deof`k nk`f x~fcĊwkŪk, zf~kdŔk, e`koeŪk gf gd~k`Ūe gf e zf ~felkye xlf`e~ à` xle` x~dbfzkd`el. b À`w~fŪk`f~fe gf ~fleŪkk bde~wf nv`f jv okildejflf gf k`bd~oe~f k`bd~oe~f à` oezĊ Fzwf, bĊ~Ċ à`gdkelĊ, d jd`gkŪkf k`gkzxf`zenklĊ zvjjfzvlvk. ZxfjkelkŔwkk ZxfjkelkŔwkk jv`dzj bexwvl jĊ d ~fleŪkf bde~wf nv`Ċ jv x~fze fzwf d ~fleŪkf nf`fbkjĊ d~ce`kyeŪkfk xf je~f d ~fx~fyk`wĊ. ^fbf~kwd~ le odgv~klf gf cfzwkd`e~f e koeck`kk zf koxv` jfl xvŪk` gdvĊ x~fjkyĊ~k9 / e bejf lvj~v~k nv`f, à` zf`zvl gf x~ejwkje~f e v`vk oe`ecfof`w à`elw xf~bd~oe`w, `v egvjf, evwdoew, Ŕk `dwd~kfwewf xvnlkjĊ e koeck`kk gf oe~jĊ e d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / x~fokz x~fokzee jd`bd jd`bd~o ~o jĊ~fk jĊ~fkee d ejwkr ejwkrkwe kwewf wf zvzŪk` zvzŪk`vwĊ vwĊ gf ~fleŪk ~fleŪkklf klf xvnlkj xvnlkjff Ŕk d ec~fz ec~fzkrĊ krĊ jeoxe`kf xvnlkjkwe~Ċ xdw zvxlk`k v` oe`ecfof`w oe`ecfof`w gfbfjwvdz fzwf belzĊ. Jflf Ŕezf odgelkwĊŪk gf cfzwkd`e~f e koeck`kk w~fnvkf zĊ bkf bdldzkwf à`w~/v` wdw v`kwe~, e~od`k e~od`kdz dz je~f je~f zĊ jd`zw jd`zwkwv kwvkf kf d ce~e` ce~e`Ūkf Ūkf e zvjj zvjjfzv fzvlvk lvk d~ce` d~ce`kye kyeŪkf Ūkfk.k. Xv`î`g Xv`î`g ejjf`w ejjf`w à` odg v`klewf~el xf d lewv~Ċ zev elwe zf eiv`cf à` zkwveŪke gf e `v xvwfe bk zvzŪk`vwĊ jdoxfwkŪke. ZxfjkelkŔwkk à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf ewv`jk jî`g end~gfeyĊ odgelkwĊŪklf gf cfzwkd`e~f e koeck`kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk kev à` jeljvl bexwvl jĊ x~k`jkxelkk jd`jv~f`Ūk zf jdoxd~wĊ gvxĊ zldce`vl zĊ bejk lvj~v~k nv`f Ŕk zĊ zxvk jv wĊ~kf ejfzw lvj~v. Xf`w~v e k`gvjf le xvnlkjvl je~f d k`wf~fzfeyĊ d e`vokwĊ koeck`f, d~ce`kyeŪke kgf`wkbkjĊ zkzwfoflf gf ~fbf~k`ŪĊ elf c~vxv~kld~/Ūk`wĊ bdldzk`g v` ofzei egfjrew Ŕk ovlwkxlkjewd~k gf koeck`f jd~fzxv`yĊwd~k zjdxv~kld~. V` ~dl fzf`Ūkel à` cfzwkd`e~fe koeck`kk d~ce`kyeŪkkld~ ~frk`f ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf.
>.:. Jîoxv~k gf ~felkye~f e koeck`kk
^exd~wewĊ le xf~jfxŪke ~felkwĊŪkk gf jĊw~f v` k`gkrkg zev v` c~vx zdjkel, koeck`fe v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk zf ~felkyfeyĊ à` gdvĊ jîoxv~k9 ~felkwewfe d~ce`kyeŪkfk d~ce`kyeŪkfk fzwf xf~jfxvwĊ xf~jfxvwĊ à` odg / jîoxvl rkyknklkwĊŪkk x~d}koelf / à` je~f ~felkwewfe gk~fjw, x~k` zkoŪv~k1
X~d}koelĊ GkzwelĊ
Ofgke
Bkc. > ‚ Jîoxvl rkyknklkwĊŪkk koeck`kk
5>
/ jîoxvl rkyknklkwĊŪkk gkzwelf / zev ofgkewf, k`ejjfzknkl à` odg gk~fjw ge~ ejjfzknkl x~k` k`wf~ofgkvl v`vk okildj -ofgke+. À` zf~ke ejfzwd~ ofgke, okildejflf gf jdov`kje~f à` oezĊ djvxĊ v` ldj jf`w~el je ovlwkx ovlwkxlkj lkjewd ewd~k ~k gf koeck` koeck`ff xdykwk xdykwkrĊ rĊ zev `fcew `fcewkrĊ krĊ.. D~ce`k D~ce`kye yeŪkkl Ūkklff exflfe exflfeyĊ yĊ le oki okilde ldejfl jflff gf jdov`kje~f à` oezĊ xf`w~v e/Ŕk x~dkfjwe koeck`fe gd~kwĊ.
>.7. ^dlvl k`zwkwvŪkkld~ ofgke à` ~felkye~fe koeck`kk
Ofgke e~f jexejkwewfe gf e zflfjwe frf`kof`wflf Ŕk gf e ~fj~fe Ŕk ovlwkxlkje koeck`fe, bexw jf ex~dxkf gf egfrĊ~ f}x~fzke v`vk ~fxvwew jf~jfwĊwd~ à` gdof`kv, Oe~zmell Oj Lvme`, jd`bd~o jĊ~fke ofzeivl fzwf ofgke . X~fŔfgk`wflf B~e`jlk`f Gfle`d ^ddzfrflw e bdzw x~kovl x~fŔfgk`wf eof~kje` je~f e Ŕwkvw zĊ f}xldewfyf ere`weivl ~egkdvlvk xf`w~v jîŔwkce~fe elfcf~kld~ gk` e`vl 5;:>. Erî`g v` zf~kdz me`gkjex bkykj, bkk`g `frdkw zĊ zf gfxlezfyf à`w~/v` zjev` jv ~dwklf ge~ erî`g d rdjf jelgĊ, ~egkdbd`kjĊ, fl e j~few jfwĊŪfe`vlvk eof~kje` koeck`fe v`vk jd`gvjĊwd~ xvwf~`kj Ŕk fjmklkn~ew, bexw jf ev gvz le elfcf~fe ze à` jfe oek à`elwĊ bv`jŪkf gf xew~v d~k. I.B.Af``fg{ e bdzw x~kovl x~fŔfgk`wf eof~kje` je~f e k`wvkw ~dlvl fzf`Ūkel el wflfrkykv`kk à` j~fe~fe Ŕk à`w~fŪk`f~fe v`fk koeck`k xdykwkrf xf je~f e bdldzkw/d gk` xlk`. Jffe jf `v xvwfe zĊ e~ewf ^ddzfrflw e e~Ċwew Af``fg{. V`vl V`vl gk` ex~dxk ex~dxkeŪk eŪkkk lvk I. B. Af``fg Af``fg{, {, jv`dzj jv`dzjvwv vwvll do xdlkwk xdlkwkjj eof~kj eof~kje` e` Ieofz Ieofz ^. Zjmlfz Zjmlfzk`c k`cf~ f~ zj~ke9 zj~ke9 D zk`cv~Ċ koeck`f WR e~f v` koxejw oek oe~f gfjîw 58888 gf jvrk`wf. Xf`w~v e f}foxlkbkje oek jle~ ~dlvl ofgke à` ~fjfxwe~fe koeck`kk v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk eo xvwfe lve f}foxlvl v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk9 ]. zwenklk`g jîwfre j~kwf~kk gf neyĊ9 J^KWF^KVL zwewvz fjd`dokj jd`jfxŪke gf zk`f ewkwvgk`f zdjkelĊ à`j~fgf~f
K@GKJEWD^ 5 xvwf~`kj odgf~`Ċ fzwf fzf`ŪkelĊ k`gvjf à`j~fgf~f
K@GKJEWD^ > zlen à`rfjmkwĊ fzwf `fkoxd~we`wĊ k`gvjf `fà`j~fgf~f
E`elkyî`g wenflvl gf oek zvz, jd`zkgf~î`g jĊ, le lkokwĊ, eonkk k`gkjewd~k zv`w ~felk, jflf gdvĊ koeck`k, ~fjfxwewf x~k` ofgke, xe~ e ~fx~fyf`we gdvĊ d~ce`kyeŪkk gkbf~kwf9 ]/5 Ŕk ]/> . ]/59 fzwf d d~ce`kyeŪkf jv v` zwewvz fjd`dokj xvwf~`kj, x~fyk`wĊ d jd`jfxŪkf odgf~`Ċ, ewkwvgk`fe zdjkelĊ fzwf fzf`ŪkelĊ, k`gvjf à`j~fgf~f. ]/>9 fzwf d d~ce`kyeŪkf d~ce`kyeŪkf jv v` zwewvz fjd`dokj fjd`dokj zlen, x~fyk`wĊ d jd`jfxŪkf jd`jfxŪkf à`rfjmkwĊ, ewkwvgk`fe zdjkelĊ fzwf `fkoxd~we`wĊ Ŕk k`gvjf `fà`j~fgf~f. GvxĊ jvo zf xdewf dnzf~re, x~koe re~ke`wĊ x~fyk`wĊ d koeck`f bde~wf nv`Ċ à` wkox jf e gdve x~fyk`wĊ d koeck`f bde~wf x~dezwĊ. Zf xv`f à`w~fne~fe9 Je~f d~ce`kyeŪkf re bk elfezĊ xf`w~v e k`kŪke v` x~dc~eo gf ebejf~k4 Frkgf`w jĊ zf re dxwe xf`w~v d~ce`kyeŪke jv koeck`fe jfe oek berd~enklĊ. Ofgke fzwf jfe je~f e~f okildejflf gf e à`jlk`e nele`Ūe zx~f v`e zev elwe gk` koeck`k. Gf ekjk ~fyvlwĊ, à`jĊ dgewĊ, `fjfzkwewfe xdlkwkjkld~ gf koeck`f e d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk ~eŪkv`fe ejwkrkwĊŪkk gf cfzwkd`e~f e koeck`kk k oeck`kk ejfzwfke.
5:
>.6. Jlezkbkje~fe koeck`kld~
À` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv koeck`fe v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk zev dnkfjw zf xdw bejf Ŕk elwf gkzwk`jŪkk gf koeck`f. Ezwbfl, bv`jŪkf gf c~egvl gf gkrf~zkbkje~f e jdoxd`f`wfld~ zelf, koeck`fe xdewf bk9 / gkrf~zkbkjewĊ9 / f}foxlv9 d oeŔk`Ċ fzwf jd`bd~wenklĊ, bkenklĊ, flfce`wĊ, odwd~ xvwf~`kj, jvwkf gf rkwfyf evwdoewĊ, gfoe~ei ~exkg, rkwfyĊ oe~f fwj.. / xvŪk` gkrf~zkbkjewĊ / f}foxlv9 d oeŔk`Ċ fzwf odgf~`Ċ, xlejf, fjd`dokjĊ. Zjmfoewkj zf xdewf ~fx~fyf`we ezwbfl9
e+ gkzwk`jwĊ
n+ Ŕwfe~zĊ
Bkc. :. / Wkxv~k gf koeck`k Gk` xv`jw gf rfgf~f el jd`w~ezwfld~ xf je~f lf x~fyk`wĊ, eŔe jvo zf xdewf dnzf~re Ŕk gk` zjmfoĊ, koeck`fe xdewf bk9 / gkzwk`jwĊ1 / Ŕwfe~zĊ. Lvî`g à` jeljvl jflf gdvĊ j~kwf~kk gf jlezkbkje~f e koeck`kk, à` jeyvl v`d~ dxd~wv`kwĊŪk gf ebejf~k zev zf~rkjkk dbf~kwf gf gdvĊ d~ce`kyeŪkk jv ejfleŔk x~dbkl / v`e jv koeck`f gkrf~zkbkjewĊ Ŕk gkzwk`jwĊ, e gdve jv koeck`f xvŪk` gkrf~zkbkjewĊ Ŕk Ŕwfe~zĊ / d wf~ŪĊ d~ce`kyeŪkf re dxwe, frkgf`w, xf`w~v jfe je~f àk dbf~Ċ xdzknklkwewfe v`d~ dxŪkv`k gkrf~zkbkjewf Ŕk à` jeyvl x~fyf`wew fzwf rd~ne gf x~koe gk`w~f flf.
>.2. Fbfjwvl MELLD el koeck`kk
X~krkwĊ x~k` x~kzoe jd`zvoewd~vlvk gf koeck`f, ejfezwe xdewf bk9 / gf x~dgvz1 / gf oe~jĊ1 / gf d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / gf Ūe~Ċ. À`w~f jflf xew~v wkxv~k gf koeck`f bv`jŪkd`feyĊ fbfjwvl MELLD. Ezwbfl, koeck`fe gf x~dgvz zf f}wk`gf ezvx~e koeck`kk gf oe~jĊ, gf d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk Ūe~Ċ ke~ le ~î`gvl ld~ koeck`klf gf Ūe~Ċ, gf d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk oe~jĊ zf f}wk`g ezvx~e jflfk gf x~dgvz. F}foxlv9 evwdodnklvl Of~jfgfz >>8 / oe~je Of~jfgfz/Nf`y / bk~oe Of~jfgfz / Cf~oe`ke. Ejfzw bf`dof` zf oek xdewf f}x~koe Ŕk x~k` ~fcvle jdoxlfof`we~kwĊŪkk gf koeck`f. Ejfezwe w~fnvkf nk`f à`zvŔkwĊ gfde~fjf fbfjwflf xdykwkrf zev `fcewkrf ezvx~e v`fke gk`w~f 57
koeck`k ebfjwfeyĊ Ŕk xf jflflelwf. D koeck`f gf oe~jĊ `fcewkrĊ zev d koeck`f gf d~ce`kyeŪkf wdwel gfx~fjkewĊ re cf`f~e d f}wk`gf~f gf koeck`f `fcewkrĊ ezvx~e x~dgvzvlvk zev zf~rkjkkld~ dbf~kwf.
Bkc. 7 ‚ Fbfjwvl Melld el koeck`kk
>.3. Jve`wkbkje~fe koeck`kk
Frelve~fe koeck`kk x~fzvxv`f fbfjwve~fe oek ovlwd~ ejwkrkwĊŪk9 / zwenklk~fe zfcof`wfld~ gf xvnlkj je~f zv`w jflf oek koxd~we`wf xf`w~v d~ce`kyeŪkf. Ejfezwe zf ~felkyfeyĊ, à` cf`f~el, x~k` k`wf~rkv~k `fokildjkwf jv xf~zd`elvl jv bv`jŪkk jmfkf à` oe`ecfof`wvl gk` bkfje~f gfxe~weof`w Ŕk x~k`w~/d e`elkyĊ gf jd`Ūk`vw el jdov`kjĊ~kld~ f}wf~`f elf d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / zwenklk~fe xe~eofw~kld~ jve`wkbkjenklk ek koeck`kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk / gfwf~ok`e~fe ~fx~fyf`wĊ~kk jv x~krk~f le d~ce`kyeŪkf je~f f}kzwĊ le ejfzwf zfcof`wf gf xvnlkj.
Ejfezwe x~fzvxv`f gfzbĊŔv~e~fe v`vk zwvgkv gf koeck`f x~k` zd`ge~fe fŔe`wkde`fld~. Egfzfe, xf`w~v oĊzv~e~f zv`w bdldzkwf zjelf. Xf~zde`flf k`wf~rkfrewf zv`w ~vcewf zĊ/Ŕk fŔeld`fyf dxŪkv`klf gfzx~f d d~ce`kyeŪkf kgfelĊ xf d zjelĊ jv 3 w~fxwf xf`w~v d zf~kf gf xf~fjmk gf egifjwkrf je à` ~fx~fyf`we~fe gf oek idz9
Koeck`f xdykwkrĊ nv`Ċ koxlkje~f zf`zknklkwewf jelg oe~f
Zjmfoe gf jve`wkbkje~f e koeck`kk D~ce`kyeŪke Koeck`f `fcewkrĊ ~fe `fkoxlkje~f k`zf`zknklkwewf ~fjf okjĊ
56
Vlwf~kd~, xf~zde`flf àŔk rd~ f}x~koe xf ejfleŔk wkx gf zjelĊ dxŪkv`klf xf`w~v d~ce`kyeŪke ~felĊ. Zjd~vl ofgkv xf`w~v bkfje~f ~fx~fyf`we~f re bk exdk xvz à` wenflf Ŕk f}x~koew c~ebkj. Zf dnŪk dnŪk`` ezwbf ezwbfll gdvĊ gdvĊ x~db x~dbkl klv~ v~kk gkzw gkzwk` k`jw jwf9 f9 x~db x~dbkl klvl vl d~ce d~ce`k `kye yeŪk Ūkfk fk kgfe kgfelf lf Ŕk x~db x~dbkl klvl vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk ~felf je à` bkcv~e gf oek idz1 Nv`Ċ Koxlkje~f Zf`zknklkwewf Jelg Oe~f
!7 !: !> !5 8 /5 /> /: /7
^fe @fkoxlkje~f K`zf`zknklkwewf ^fjf Okj
n ‚ koeck`f ~felĊ
Bkc. 6 / Zmfoe gf jve`wkbkje~f e koeck`kk À` jd`jlvyke ejfzwvk jexkwdl zf ~fjdoe`gĊ zxfjkelkŔwkld~ à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf, k`gkbf~f`w gf `ewv `ewv~e ~e d~ce d~ce`k `kye yeŪk Ūkfk fk,, jv`d jv`deŔ eŔwf wf~f ~fee ex~d ex~dbv bv`g `gew ewĊĊ e wvwv wvwv~d ~d~~ ezxf ezxfjw jwfl fld~ d~ lfce lfcewf wf gf ko koec eck` k`fe fe d~ce` d~ce`kye kyeŪkf Ūkfk,k, of`Ūk` of`Ūk`f~f f~fee ejfzwf ejfzwfke ke le jdwf jdwf ~kgkje ~kgkjewf wf bdldzk bdldzk`g `g wdewf wdewf ofwdgf ofwdgflf lf Ŕk oki okilde ldejfl jflff le gkzxdykŪkf, ejfezwe ~fx~fyf`wî`g `v `voek d gk~fjŪkf x~k`jkxelĊ e ov`jkk ld~ ge~ Ŕk d jd`gkŪkf fzf`ŪkelĊ gf zvjjfz.
52
Jexkwdlvl : GDOF@KK ELF X^DJFZVLVK GF ^FLEŮKK XVNLKJF X~djfzvl gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zf gfzbĊŔde~Ċ à` gdvĊ oe~k gdof`kk9 / K`bd~oe~fe k`wf~`Ċ / k`bd~oe~fe xf~zd`elvlvk x~dx~kfk k`zwkwvŪkk1 / K`bd~oe~fe f}wf~`Ċ9 / ~fleŪkklf jv x~fze1 / ~fleŪkklf jv zdjkfwewfe1 / ~fleŪkklf k`wf~`eŪkd`elf.
:.5. K`bd~oe~fe k`wf~`Ċ
.^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf à`jfx gf ejezĊ / clĊzvkfŔwf v`vl gk` x~k`jkxkklf gf neyĊ el x~djfzvlvk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf. Ejfezwe à`zfeo`Ċ jĊ ejwkrkwewfe gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf w~fnvkf zĊ rkyfyf, oek à`wîk, k`bd~oe~fe jd~fjwĊ e xf~zd`elvlvk x~dx~kfk k`zwkwvŪkk xf`w~v e zf xvwfe gf~vle x~dc~eof ~felkzwf Ŕk jdf~f`wf gf ~fleŪkd`e~f jv zdjkfwewfe. :.5.5. Dnkfjwkrflf k`bd~oĊ~kk k`wf~`f X~k`jkxelvl dnkfjwkr el x~dc~eovlvk gf k`bd~oe~f k`wf~`Ċ àl ~fx~fyk`wĊ j~fŔwf~fe fbkjejkwĊŪkk ejwkrkwĊŪkk xf~zd`elvlvk, x~k` zxd~k~fe odwkreŪkfk ejfzwvke Ŕk x~k`w~/d à`Ūflfcf~f oek x~dbv`gĊ e dnkfjwkrfld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk V` jdlfjwkr nk`f k`bd~oew fzwf v` jdlfjwkr oek x~dbv`g odwkrew / fzwf v`vl gk` x~k`jkxkklf bv`geof`welf elf wfd~kfk oe`ecfof`wvlvk oe`ecfof`wvlvk d~ce`kyeŪkd`el jd`wfoxd~e`. V` dnkfjwkr `fgfjle~ew fzwf ejfle je ofon~kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk, ewv`jk jî`g rd~nfzj gfzx~f d~ce`kyeŪkf, zĊ jd`zwkwvkf d zk`cv~Ċ rdjf, jv ejfleŔk ofzei. k`bd~oe~f e~f k`w k`wf~` f~`ĊĊ w~fnvk w~fnvkff zĊ ezkcv~ ezkcv~ff jd`gkŪ jd`gkŪkklf kklf ezwbf ezwbfll je ofon~kk ofon~kk X~dc~eovl gf k`bd~o d~ce`kyeŪkfk zĊ à`ŪflfecĊ9 e. ~dlvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk à` jeg~vl zdjkfwĊŪkk, à` gk`eokje Ŕk ~fŪfeve gf k`wf~fzf zxfjkbkjf à` je~f fzwf e`ceiewĊ1 n. ~dlvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk à` exĊ~e~fe k`wf~fzfld~ x~dx~kk elf ofon~kld~ zĊk1 j. ~dlvl k`gkrkgvel el bkfjĊ~vk ofon~v el d~ce`kyeŪkfk à` exĊ~e~fe k`wf~fzfld~ xf~zd`elf Ŕk cf`f~elf. X~dc~eoflf X~dc~eoflf gf k`bd~oe~f k`bd~oe~f k`wf~`Ċ k`wf~`Ċ w~fnvkf zĊ k`gvjĊ bkfjĊ~vk ofon~v el d~ce`kyeŪkfk zf`wkof`wvl jĊ fzwf xe~wf k`wfc~e`wĊ gk` ejfezwe ke~ ejwkrkwewfe lvk fzwf jfe oek koxd~we`wĊ 1 1 d~ce`kyeŪke `v re bv`jŪkd`e nk`f gejĊ ~dwkŪe ~fx~fyf`wewĊ gf fl `v bv`jŪkd`feyĊ b v`jŪkd`feyĊ.. EjfezwĊ koeck`f xdewf bk k`gvzĊ bdldzk`g xew~v wkxv~k gf ofzeif 9 5. Bv`jŪkklf Ŕk xf~zxfjwkrflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk . >. ^dlvl. Bkfj Bkfje~ e~ff ofon ofon~v ~v w~fnv w~fnvkf kf zĊ jd`Ŕ jd`Ŕwk wkf` f`wk wkyf yfyf yf ~dlv ~dlvll jf/k jf/k ~frk ~frk`f `f à` jeg~ jeg~vl vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk xf`w~v e/k elkof`we zf`wkof`wvl gewd~kfk àoxlk`kwf1 :. EjwkrkwĊŪk. Jelkwewfe rkfŪkk gf d~ce`kyeŪkf fzwf k`blvf`ŪewĊ xdykwkr gf xdzknklkwewfe koxlkjĊ~kk à` ejwkrkwĊŪk ~fj~fewkrf. 7. Frf`kof`wflf le yk. K`bd~oe~fe dxd~wv`Ċ e ofon~kld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk jv frf`kof`wflf koxd~we`wf le yk Ŕk jv jflf rkkwde~f gk` jeg~vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk gk` ebe~e fk àk odwkrfeyĊ zĊ zf koxlkjf oek x~dbv`g à` gfzbĊŔv~e~fe ld~.
53
:.5.>. Evgkwd~kvl zev dnkfjwvl k`bd~oĊ~kk k`wf~`f e. Ofon~kk jd`zklkvlvk gf jd`gvjf~f . Xdw bk k`jlvŔk Ŕk ofon~kk oe~je`Ūk je~f zv`w jd`zvlweŪk Ŕk xe~wkjkxĊ le lve~fe gfjkykkld~ koxd~we`wf. n. Xf~zd`elvl jd`zkgf~ew zvnelwf~` . j. BdŔwkk e`ceieŪk ek d~ce`kyeŪkfk je~f, gk` gkbf~kwf odwkrf, zv`w à` ebe~e d~ce`kyeŪkfk. EjfŔwke xdw bk ovlwkxlkjewd~k gf koeck`f g. Ofon~kk gf beoklkf ek e`ceieŪkld~ . Xdw zĊ gfrk`Ċ ovlwkxlkjewd~k gf koeck`f xdykwkrĊ. :.5.:. Okildejf xf`w~v k`bd~oe~fe k`wf~`Ċ e. Oewf~kelflf wkxĊ~kwf. Yke~vl zev xvnlkjeŪkklf k`wf~`f jv je~ejwf~ xf~kdgkj. / jd`w~knvkf le k`zwev~e~fe v`d~ nv`f ~fleŪkk k`wf~voe`f1 / bkfjĊ~vk ofon~v k zf f}xlkjĊ relde~fe ov`jkk zelf1 / ezkcv~Ċ bv~`kye~fe v`d~ k`bd~oeŪkk dnkfjwkrf ezvx~e rkfŪkk d~ce`kyeŪkfk, e frf`kof`wfld~ zdjkelf Ŕk beoklkelf. / dbf~Ċ bkfjĊ~vk ofon~v xdzknklkwewfe gf e zf f}x~koe. ZVE Ŕk Iexd`ke ejd~gĊ oe~f ewf`Ūkf ejfzwvk okildj -jje. 56.888 wkwlv~k à` ZVE+. Oek xdw bk bdldzkwf xeoblfwflf, nvlfwk`flf k`bd~oewkrf, bdklf rdle`wf fwj. K`bd~oeŪkklf w~fnvkf x~fyf`wewf à`w~/d bd~oĊ ejjfzknklĊ wvwv~d~. n. Okildejf flfjw~d`kjf gf jdov`kje~f. / ~egkd, WR k`wf~`Ċ, WR jv jk~jvkw à`jmkz, ofzeif à`~fckzw~ewf xf jezfwf rkgfd zev evgkd. j. Jdov`kje~ K`bd~o ~oe~ e~fe fe gk~f gk~fjw jwĊĊ gf jĊw~ jĊw~ff Ŕfbv Ŕfbvll d~ce d~ce`k `kye yeŪk Ūkfk fk zev zev v` Jdov`kje~fe fe d~elĊ d~elĊ . K`bd ~fx~fyf`we`w el zĊv. Xf~okwf jdov`kje~fe kofgkewĊ e ofzeifld~. ^fzxd`zenklvl jv ~fleŪkklf xvnlkjf g. EbkŔe~fe . Zf xdewf ~felkye x~k` xdzwf~f erkykf~f, xe`dv~k gf ebkŔei fwj. Zf xdw bdldzk jv zvjjfz ebkŔflf flfjw~d`kjf. f. K`bd~oe~fe xf~zd`elvlvk gf jd`gvjf~f . Zf ~felkyfeyĊ, gf ~fcvlĊ xf neye od`kwd~kyĊ~kk x~fzfk. Je okildejf xdw bk bdldzkwf9 ~frkzwe x~fzfk, zk`wfye lv`e~Ċ gf x~fzĊ, e`elkye frdlvŪkfk koeck`kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk xf d e`vokwĊ xf~kdegĊ. Jv`deŔ Jv`deŔwf~ wf~fe fe evgkwd evgkwd~kv ~kvlvk lvk k`w k`wf~` f~` ~fx~fy ~fx~fyk`w k`wĊĊ jfe oek nv`Ċ nv`Ċ ofwdgĊ ofwdgĊ gf w~e`zo w~e`zokwf kwf~f ~f e ofzeivlvk le Ūk`wĊ. Xf`w~v gk~kie~fe ofzeivlvk zf x~djfgfeyĊ le9 / elfcf~fe evgkwd~kvlvk1 / elfcf~fe okildjvlvk egfjrew1 / gfwf~ok`e~fe c~egvlvk gf zf`zknklkye~f e evgkwd~kvlvk.
:.>. K`bd~oe~fe f}wf~`Ċ. ^fleŪkklf ^fleŪkklf jv x~fze
:.>.5. ^fcvlk cf`f~elf gf lvj~v jv x~fze9 / bkŪk wdwgfev`e x~kfwf`dz Ŕk xdlkwkjdz jî`g x~fze jf~f k`bd~oeŪkk1 / bv~`kyeŪk k`bd~oeŪkklf jîw zf xdewf gf v~cf`w1 / bkŪk cewe zĊ x~kokŪk ~fxd~wf~kk à` d~kjf odof`w1 / bv~`kyeŪk oewf~kelflf gf gdjvof`we~f `fjfze~f1 `fjfze~f1 / `v rd~nkŪk gfzx~f lvj~v~klf jd`bkgf`Ūkelf1 f}xlkjeŪk ejfezwĊ ~fŪk`f~f xf neye k`wf~fzfld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / `v frkweŪk zĊ rd~nkŪk jv ~fxd~wf~kk1 / `v ~fbvyeŪk ewv`jk jî`g rk zf jf~f zĊ bkŪk jkwew1 / `v jf~fŪk ~fxd~wf~vlvk je d k`bd~oeŪkf gewĊ zĊ `v bkf xvnlkjewĊ1 / `v ~fjleoeŪk ~fxd~wf~vl à` jeyvl à` je~f à` oewf~kelvl gkbvyew z/ev zw~fjv~ew c~fŔflk `fk`wf`Ūkd`ewf zev `ffzf`Ūkelf.
5=
:.>.>. Ofwdgf gf w~e`zokwf~f e k`bd~oeŪkkld~ gf x~fzĊ :.>.>.5. K`wf~rkvl ^fx~fyk`wĊ dxd~wv`kwewfe gf e w~e`zokwf e`vokwf ofzeif v`vk e`vokw wkx gf evgkwd~kv, x~k` ofgkf~fe v`vk ~fxd~wf~. Fzwf v` zjmkon gf à`w~fnĊ~k Ŕk ~Ċzxv`zv~k à` gdk. Fzwf v`e gk` ofwdgflf jflf oek koxd~we`wf Ŕk fbkjkf`wf. K`wf~rkvl jd`gvjĊwd~vlvk d~ce`kyeŪkfk w~fnvkf bde~wf nk`f x~fcĊwkw. Wfoe Ŕk à`w~fnĊ~klf v`vk k`wf~rkv w~fnvkf e`wkjkxewf ke~ ~Ċzxv`zv~klf w~fnvkf bde~wf nk`f x~fcĊwkwf Ofzeiflf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf zjv~wf, xdykwkrf, vŔd~ gf ~fŪk`vw, à`w~/d `dwĊ dxwkokzwĊ 5. Wfm`kjk vwklkyewf e Clkze~fe W~e`ykŪke bk`Ċ gf le à`w~fne~fe xvzĊ le ofzeivl jf zf gd~fŔwf e bk w~e`zokz. D à`w~fne~f gk~fjwĊ w~fnvkf zĊ x~kofezjĊ v` ~Ċzxv`z gk~fjw. D ofwdgĊ le à`gfoî`Ċ fzwf ejffe je ofzeiflf jdgkbkjewf zĊ bkf `dwewf zk`wfwkj xf je~wd`eŔf jv je~f frf`wvel wf xdŪk ivje à` wkoxvl k`wf~rkvlvk. n Enklkwewfe. Zf x~dbkwĊ gf d~kjf djeykf je xf wkoxvl k`wf~rkvlvk zĊ zf w~e`zokwĊ ofzeivl gd~kw. j Zvnlk`kf~klf. X~k` k`blf}kv`k elf rdjkk, v` cfzw jv oî`e, d x~krk~f zfo`kbkjewkrĊ. g J~fgknklkwewfe xf~zd`elĊ . @v w~fnvkf zĊ vkweŪk jĊ zv`wfŪk zxfjkelkzw à` x~dnlfoĊ Ŕk w~fnvkf zĊ rd~nkŪk gfzx~f lvj~v~k jd`j~fwf Ŕk k`wf~fze`wf. zxd~fŔwf wf xdzknk xdzknklkwe lkwewfe wfe je ofzei ofzeiflf flf zĊ bkf ~fŪk`v ~fŪk`vwf wf gf f ^fxfwe~f ^fxfwe~fee ofzeifld~ ofzeifld~ . Zf zxd~fŔ evgkwd~kv. >. K`wf~rkvl le wflfrkyd~ Jf~jfwĊ~klf e~ewĊ jĊ oeid~kwewfe evgkwd~kvlvk ~fŪk`f `voek 3& gk` jffe jf zf zxv`f Kox~fzke cf`f~elĊ re bk gewĊ gf rdjf, f}x~fzke bfŪfk, Ŕe~ovl xf~zd`el, j~fgknklkwewf Xf wkoxvl k`wf~rkvlvk9 / `v zf zwĊ ewî~`ew1 / `v zf lfecĊ`Ċ jd~xvl zev w~v`jmkvl à`ek`wf/à`exdk1 / `v zf ~dwfŔwf zjev`vl1 / `v zf newf jv gfcfwflf à` oezĊ1 / zf zwĊxî`fzj wkjv~klf1 / f}x~fzke bfŪfk w~fnvkf zĊ bkf egfjrewĊ x~dnlfofld~ à` gkzjvŪkf1 / zf of`Ūk`f jd`wejwvl rkyvel jv ~fxd~wf~vl1 / zf ebkŔfeyĊ jd`rk`cf~f Ŕk f`wvykezo1 / x~dnlfoflf à` gfynewf~f w~fnvkf zĊ x~fyk`wf k`wf~fz Ŕk zĊ jexwfyf ewf`Ūke wflfzxfjwewd~vlvk. :. ^fcvlk cf`f~elf gf e`ceie~f e v`vk k`wf~rkv e. ^fxd~wf~vl Ŕk evgkf`Ūe . À`ek`wf gf k`wf~rkv w~fnvkf eblewf jîw oek ovlwf gewf gfzx~f ~fxd~wf~ Ŕk gfzx~f evgkwd~kv. @v w~fnvkf jd`bv`geŪk. X~kovl fzwf gde~ k`wf~beŪe. K`wf~rkfr kfrewv ewvll w~fnvk w~fnvkff zĊ eknĊ eknĊ v` jdoxd~ jdoxd~weo weof`w f`w zflbod`kwd~kyew. n. À`~fckzw~e~fe À`~fckzw~e~fe. K`wf~r W~fnvkf zĊ zf jd`zkgf~f xf~oe`f`w à`~fckzw~ew. GejĊ f}kzwĊ d x~dnlfoĊ je~f zf gd~fŔwf e bk f}xlkjewĊ à` ebe~e k`wf~rkvlvk, ejfezwe re bk jle~ gflkokwewĊ. j. Lkoneivl. Ofzeiflf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf à`Ūflfzf ke~ lkoneivl egfjrew. g. K`bd~oe~fe. K`wf~rkfrewvl w~fnvkf zĊ bkf le jv~f`w jv vlwkoflf Ŕwk~k. Zf re lve à` jeljvl bexwvl jĊ ~fxd~wf~vl fzwf gfie le jv~f`w Ŕk gd~fŔwf gde~ zĊ eblf d xĊ~f~f. f. E~cvof`weŪke. @v zf k`w~Ċ à` gkzxvwĊ. GejĊ ~fxd~wf~vl e~f d ewkwvgk`f x~drdjewde~f w~fnvkf xĊzw~ew jd`w~dlvl ezvx~e k`wf~rkvlvk. @v w~fnvkf oe`kbfzwewĊ xezkrkwewf. k`bd~oeŪk eŪkff k`jd~f k`jd~fjwĊ jwĊ zf~rkw zf~rkwĊĊ gf ~fxd~w ~fxd~wf~ f~ w~fnvk w~fnvkff b. Jd~fjwkwvgk`fe Jd~fjwkwvgk`fe k`bd~oeŪkkld~ k`bd~oeŪkkld~ . D k`bd~o jd~fjwewĊ. 5;
c. Zk`jf~kwewfe. ^Ċzxv`zv~klf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf zk`jf~f. @v zf bdldzfŔwf f}x~fzke9 bĊ~Ċ jdof`we~kk . GejĊ `v zf Ŕwkf ~Ċzxv`zvl le d à`w~fne~f fzwf nk`f zĊ zf zxv`Ċ ejfzw lvj~v. Zf clkzfeyĊ exdk zx~f v` ofzei gd~kw.
:.>.>.>. K`wf~rkvl xf`w~v x~fze zj~kzĊ / ofzeiflf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf nk`f zw~vjwv~ewf9 zjv~wf, xdykwkrf, vŔd~ gf ofod~ew1 zf re ~frf`k xf xe~jv~z le flf. / fzwf `fjfze~Ċ d k`bd~oe~f ezvx~e evgkwd~kvlvk1 / fzwf nk`f je à` ex~dxkf~fe kofgkewĊ zĊ zf eblf zxfjkelkzwvl à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf, je~f zĊ bkf à`ek`wff Ŕk gvxĊ gvxĊ k`w k`wf~r f~rkv. kv. Xdewf Xdewf x~flve x~flve gkzj~f gkzj~fww v`flf v`flf ~Ċzxv` ~Ċzxv`zv~ zv~k.k. W~fnvk W~fnvkff zĊ bkf ecf`w à`ek`w jf~nf~vl . . GejĊ k`wf~fzflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk koxv`, ejfzwe xdewf f}xfgke xf ~fxd~wf~ x~k` bd~ovle9 oek fzwf wkox gde~ xf`w~v d à`w~fne~f . / fzwf nk`f zĊ zf Ŕwkf bk}v~klf ~fxd~wf~vlvk. / zf rd~ dbf~k bdwdc~ebkk zev oewf~kelf jf xdw bk vwklkyewf gf ~fxd~wf~ xf`w~v e w~e`zokwf ofzeivl1 / k`wf~rkfrewvl w~fnvkf zĊ zf jd`zkgf~f à` xf~oe`f`ŪĊ à`~fckzw~ew1 / `v rd~ bk e~Ċwewf c~ebkjf zev elwf gdjvof`wf gejĊ `v zf k`wf`Ūkd`feyĊ zev `v xdw bk dbf~kwf1 / à`ek`wf gf k`wf~rkv, k`wf~rkfrewvl re Ŕwk f}ejw jf w~fnvkf zĊ zxv`Ċ1 / zf rd~ à`wdjokŪk bkŔf gf ofzeif9 ok`kovo :/6 ofzeif xf~zd`elf jf xdw zf~rk g~fxw zxdwv~k xvnlkjkwe~f1 ofzeiflf zĊ bkf9 zjv~wf -5> / >7 jvrk`wf+, vŔd~ gf ~fŪk`vw, xdykwkrf -zĊ bdldzfezjĊ zf`zv~k ebk~oewkrf+1 / zf re à`wdjok v` xle` gf k`wf~rkv1 / zf re gfyrdlwe zvnkfjwvl jfl oek koxd~we`w1 / `v zf re fykwe bdldzk~fe jkwewfld~ ge~ `kjk `v zf re bejf envy gf flf1 / fzwf nk`f e bk elfz v` jkwew k~fykzwknkl k~fykzwknkl je~f ere`weifeyĊ x~dx~ke koeck`f Ŕk je~f re bk ~fxfwew à`w~/v` e`vokw jd`wf}w, frf`wvel à` bk`elvl k`wf~rkvlvk1 / zf re bdldzk lkoneivl jdwkgke`, `v ie~cd`vl1 / rd~ bk bdldzkwf b dldzkwf xv`Ūklf gf lfcĊwv~Ċ je xf v` ofje`kzo gf zjmkone~f1 / zf re xĊzw~e v` wd` zk`jf~1 / gejĊ d à`w~fne~f fzwf k`jdodgĊ, `fx~frĊyvwĊ, zf re jĊvwe d jelf gf kfŔk~f, bĊ~Ċ e zf oe`kbfzwe k~kwe~f1 / zf re ~fzxfjwe Ūflvl, ejfle gf e bk v` w~e`zokŪĊwd~ gf ofzeif `v v` xf~zd`ei je~f ~Ċzxv`gf le à`w~fnĊ~k. Zxfjkelkzwvl à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf w~fnvkf zĊ `fcdjkfyf k`wf~rkvl. Xdlkwkjdz, d`fzw, vwkl, fl w~fnvkf zĊ dnŪk`Ċ oe}kovo gf k`bd~oeŪkk gf le ~fxd~wf~ ezvx~e x~dnlfofld~ jf/l k`wf~fzfeyĊ Ŕk zwenklfŔwf9 gewe, gv~ewe, ldjvl, elwf gfwelkk gf d~ce`kye~f, bv`jŪkf gf k`wf~fzvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk xdzknklkwĊŪklf jd`gvjĊwd~vlvk fk. Zf xdw `fcdjke Ŕk elwf jd`gkŪkk ezwbfl je d~ce`kyeŪke zĊ dnŪk`Ċ v` oe}kovo gf x~dbkw gf koeck`f. À` wkoxvl k`wf~rkvlvk xdw exĊ~fe gfyezw~f . ^fydlre~f9 / zf xdewf bejf d zjv~wĊ xevyĊ1 / zf re xĊzw~e jelovl ~Ċoî`fŪk jelo1 / zf rd~ ~feŔfye cî`gv~klf à` d~gk`fe bk~fezjĊ1 / zf ~fà`jfxf k`wf~rkvl, frf`wvel, x~k` ~fxfwe~fe vlwkofld~ gewf1 / zf re jf~f ~fxd~wf~vlvk zĊ ~fxfwf à`w~fne~fe1
@V @V W^F ^FN NVKF VKWEW KWEW @KJ @KJK V@ ODOF DOF@W JĎ K@W @WF^ F^R RKVL KVL W^F ^FNV NVKF KF JD@W JD @W^D ^DLE LEW W GF LE V@ K@WF K@WF^R ^RKV KV W^FN W^FNVK VKF F DN DNŮK ŮK@V @VW W WD WDW W JF JFFE FE JF ZF GD^FŐWF >8
:.>.>.:. Jd`bf~k`Ūe gf x~fzĊ Ŕk n~kfbk`cvl ^fcvlk cf`f~elf Ejfzwfe zv`w, gf ~fcvlĊ, v` k`wf~rkv zkovlwe` jv oek ovlŪk ~fx~fyf`we`Ūk ek okildejfld~ gf k`bd~oe~f. Jd`bf~k`Ūe gf x~fzĊ ejdxf~Ċ v` zfw gf x~dnlfof, à` wkox jf n~kfbk`cvl zf lkokwfeyĊ `voek le v`e zk`cv~Ċ. ^fcvlĊ gf neyĊ 9 zf x~dc~eofeyĊ `voek gejĊ zv`w jf~vwf gf okildejflf gf k`bd~oe~f zev gf jĊw~f k`wf~fzflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Elwf ~fcvlk9 / zf elfcf v` xv~wĊwd~ gf jvrî`w je~f, gf ~fcvlĊ, fzwf zxfjkelkzwvl à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf1 / Ŕfbvl k`zwkwvŪkfk àŔk xdewf ezvoe jd`gvjf~fe jd`bf~k`Ūfk1 / gejĊ zf koxv`f d gfjle~eŪkf, x~fcĊwkwĊ gk` r~fof, w~fnvkf zĊ f}kzwf zvbkjkf`wf jdxkk xf`w~v e bk à`oî`ewf wvwv~d~ jfld~ k`wf~fzeŪk1 / à`jĊxf~fe w~fnvkf zĊ bkf jd`rf`enklĊ wvwv~d~ jewfcd~kkld~ gf x~fzĊ1 / zf rd~ e`wkjkxe, xf jîw xdzknkl, à`w~fnĊ~klf, à` zxfjkel xf jflf oek zxk`dezf Ŕk zf x~fcĊwfzj ~Ċzxv`zv~klf1 / zf zwenklfŔwf wkoxvl gf gfzbĊŔv~e~f Ŕk zf e`v`ŪĊ gf le à`jfxvw1 / zf rf~kb rf~kbkj kjĊĊ gejĊ gejĊ ev bdzw bdzw k`rk k`rkwe wewf wf wdew wdewff ok okil ilde dejf jflf lf gf k`bd k`bd~o ~oe~ e~f, f, jmke jmke~~ Ŕk jflf jflf k`jdodgf. GfzbĊŔv~e~f9 e. X~kok~fe iv~`elkŔwkld~1 / rd~ xv~we fjvzde`f9 / zf à`oî`feyĊ gdze~flf gf x~fzĊ Ŕk zv`w jd`gvŔk à` zelĊ1 n. Gfzjmkgf~fe jd`bf~k`Ūfk . Gf ~fcvlĊ, xv~wĊwd~vl gf jvrî`w bejf k`w~dgvjf~fe, gvxĊ je~f9 / zf x~fyk`wĊ, / x~fyk`wĊ zelvwĊ~k, / x~fyk`wĊ k`zwkwvŪke1 / x~fyk`wĊ djeyke1 / x~fyk`wĊ zjdxvl1 / x~fyk`wĊ x~dnlfoflf à` gkzjvŪkf1 / x~fyk`wĊ ~fcvlklf gf gfzbĊŔv~e~f1 / x~fyk`wĊ xf jd`gvjĊwd~vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / gĊ jvrî`wvl jd`gvjĊwd~vlvk d~ce`kyeŪkfk. j. Gkzjv~zvl jd`gvjĊwd~vlvk d~ce`kyeŪkfk. / xdewf bk jkwkw zev x~fyf`wew lknf~, bv`jŪkf gf x~dnlfoflf à` gkzjvŪkf Ŕk gf enklkwewfe xf~zd`eivlvk1 / `v w~fnvkf zĊ bkf je d gfjle~eŪkf, fl w~fnvkf zĊ lezf ldj gf gfwelkk Ŕk jle~kbkjĊ~k x~k` à`w~fnĊ~klf xvzf gf yke~kŔwk. g. À`w~fnĊ~klf À`w~fnĊ~klf. / odgf~ewd~vl k`rkwĊ iv~`elkŔwkk zĊ xv`Ċ à`w~fnĊ~k. Ewf`Ūkf. Xdewf exĊ~fe odof`wvl gf wĊjf~f xf`knklĊ1 / odgf~ewd~vl w~fnvkf zĊ zfzkyfyf le wkox Ŕk zĊ k`wf~rk`Ċ jv v`flf f}xlkjeŪkk zvxlkof`we~f, à` nf`fbkjkvl k`zwkwvŪkfk, je~f e~ k`wf~fze x~fze, k`jkwî`g yke~kŔwkk zĊ xv`Ċ à`w~fnĊ~k1 / zf re à`jf~je zĊ zf gfe ~Ċzxv`z le à`w~fnĊ~klf9 jk`f4 jf4 v`gf4 jî`g4 gf jf4 jvo4 jf v~ofeyĊ4 f. À`jmkgf~fe . / zf w~fj à` ~frkzwĊ ~ frkzwĊ x~k`jkxelflf x~dnlfof1 / zf f}x~koĊ x~fdjvxĊ~klf k`zwkwvŪkfk xf`w~v ~fydlre~fe x~dnlfofld~1 / zf ovlŪvofŔwf yke~kŔwkld~1 / zf à`jmfkf à`w~/d `dwĊ dxwkokzwĊ, xdykwkrĊ. >5
b. Gkeldcvl k`bd~oel -jebfeve, ~Ċjd~kwde~flf+ / zf j~ffeyĊ odof`wf xlĊjvwf, gf ~fle}e~f, gf x~fbf~ew à` elw zxeŪkv, elĊwv~ew1 / zf xdw ge v`flf zjv~wf k`wf~rkv~k à` f}jlvzkrkwewf. / zf xf~bfjwfeyĊ à`wîl`k~k xf x~dnlfof gf k`wf~fz oek ~fzw~î`z. c. Frelve~fe . Fzwf d fwexĊ bde~wf koxd~we`wĊ Ŕk zf ~felkyfeyĊ gvxĊ xlfje~fe iv~`elkŔwkld~. / zf w~kokw gdze~f gf x~fzĊ le xvnlkjeŪkklf je~f `v ev ervw ~fx~fyf`we`Ūk1 / zf e`elkyfeyĊ Ŕwk~klf exĊ~vwf à` x~fzĊ Ŕk xdzknklvl koxejw xf`w~v d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / zf à`wdjofŔwf ~frkzwe x~fzfk Ŕk zf bej x~dxv`f~k.
:.>.>.7. Jdov`kjewvl gf x~fzĊ Jdov`kjewvl gf x~fzĊ ~fx~fyk`wĊ9 / v` k`zw~vof`w x~k` je~f d d~ce`kyeŪkf xdewf egvjf le jv`dŔwk`Ūe x~fzfk Ŕk, koxlkjkw, e xvnlkjvlvk k`bd~oeŪkk ezvx~e ejwkrkwĊŪkk x~dx~kk1 / v` k`zw~vof`w gf lvj~v Ŕk gf ~fbf~k`ŪĊ xf`w~v iv~`elkŔwk je~f `v koxlkjĊ gdjvof`we~f zvxlkof`we~Ċ1 / xf`w~v e bk xvnlkjew, k`bd~oeŪke jd`Ūk`vwĊ w~fnvkf zĊ x~fyk`wf k`wf~fz xf`w~v xvnlkj1 / `v fzwf ~fjleoĊ1 Je~ejwf~kzwkjk9 / fzwf dbkjkel1 / w~e`zokwf d k`bd~oeŪkf je~f xdewf k`wf~fze xvnlkjvl zev v` zfcof`w el zĊv1 / fzwf ~fgejwew zxfjkel xf`w~v x~fzĊ1 / fzwf, wdwgfev`e, v` gdjvof`w zj~kz Ŕk zfo`ew. Jlezkbkje~f9 F}xf~wvl je`egke` Nf~`e~g Gecf`ekz, lvî`g à` jeljvl oek ovlwf j~kwf~kk gf jlezkbkje~f zwenklfŔwf9 e. GvxĊ x~fyf`Ūe zev enzf`Ūe v`fk lvĊ~k gf xdykŪkf 9 5. Jdov`kjew gf k`bd~oe~f / zf w~e`zokw k`rkweŪkk, k`bd~oeŪkk zkoxlf zev zwewkzwkjk1 >. Jdov`kjew xf~zvezkr / zf w~e`zokwf d dxk`kf, d xdykŪkf, d jd`wfzwe~f, d gfyok`Ūk~f, d ejvyĊ. n. GvxĊ jd`Ūk`vw9 5. Jdov`kjew/k`rkweŪkf / k`rkwĊ iv~`elkŔwkk le v` frf`kof`w. Zf k`gkjĊ9 / wfoe1 / `voflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / xe~wkjkxe`Ūkk1 / odof`wvl Ŕk ldjvl ejŪkv`kk1 / w~ezfvl1 / elwf gfwelkk `fjfze~f. Zf w~kokwf jv ex~d}koewkr gdvĊ zĊxwĊoî`k à`ek`wfe frf`kof`wvlvk e`v`Ūew1 >. Jdov`kjew ~feok`wk~f / gvnlfeyĊ jdov`kjewvl/k`rkweŪkf. Zf w~kokwf jv gdvĊ/w~fk yklf à`ek`wf gf frf`kof`w. :. Jdov`kjewvl/e`v`Ū / zf w~e`zokwf jv zjdxvl gf e e`v`Ūe xvnlkjvl gfzx~f x~dgvjf~fe v`vk frf`kof`w. Ejfzwe w~fnvkf zĊ jd`Ūk`Ċ zvbkjkf`wf gewf xf`w~v e xf~okwf ~felkye~fe v`vk oewf~kel. 7. Jdov`kjewvl zwewkzwkj / jd`Ūk`f gewf zwewkzwkjf ~fjf`wf x~krkwde~f le d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk zbf~flf gf k`wf~fz. 6. Jdov`kjewvl gf k`bd~oe~f / zf ~fbf~Ċ le frf`kof`wflf koxd~we`wf je~f ev ldj à` jeg~ jeg~vl vl d~ce d~ce`k `kye yeŪk Ūkfk fk.. Ejfl EjfleŔ eŔkk jdov jdov`k `kje jeww xdew xdewff gvjf gvjf le fokw fokwf~ f~fe fe v`vk v`vkee zev zev oek oek ovlw ovlwd~ d~ jdov`kjewf. 2. Jdov`kjewvl xdlkwkj / e~f g~fxw zjdx jîŔwkce~fe v`d~ ere`weif xdlkwkjf Ŕk e v`fk koeck`k berd~enklf xf`w~v d e`vokwĊ xf~zde`Ċ gk` jd`gvjf~fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk. K`bd~oeŪke xdewf bk >>
ezkoklewĊ x~dxece`gfk. ZxfjkelkŔwkk à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf w~fnvkf zĊ frkwf xdlkwkye~fe jdov`kjewfld~ je~f àk re dnlkce xf iv~`elkŔwk zĊ ~fbd~ovlfyf wf}wvl k`kŪkel. x~drk`ff gf le evwd~ evwd~kwĊ kwĊŪklf Ūklf xdlkwk xdlkwkjf jf zev egok`k egok`kzw~ zw~ewk ewkrf rf Ŕk 3. Jdov`kjew Jdov`kjewvl vl dbkjkel dbkjkel / x~drk` w~e`zokwf k`bd~oeŪkk gf k`wf~fz xvnlkj cf`f~el. Fzwf x~flvew gf wdewf ofgkklf gf k`bd~oe~f. =. Jdov`kjewvl gf lve~f gf xdykŪkf / x~fyk`wĊ ewkwvgk`fe v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk beŪĊ gf d e`vokwĊ x~dnlfoĊ. Xdewf bk9 / gf jd`wfzwe~f / ke xdykŪkf beŪĊ gf d ejŪkv`f jv je~f `v fzwf gf ejd~g1 / gf x~drdje~f / ejvyĊ zev gf`v`ŪĊ d ~felkwewf1 / gf ~fjwkbkje~f / jd~fjwfeyĊ e`vokwf k`bd~oeŪkk je~f àk egvjf x~fivgkjkk gf koeck`f. ;. F~ewe / zf jd~fjwfeyĊ e`vokwf k`bd~oeŪkk je~f jd`Ūk`f gewf f~d`ewf. 58. Jdov`kjewvl xf`w~v ~egkd Ŕk wflfrkykv`f / fzwf zjv~w, ezwbfl jd`jfxvw à`jîw zĊ xdewĊ bk w~e`zokz à` fokzkv`klf k`bd~oewkrf bĊ~Ċ e oek bk x~flvj~ew. 55. Jdov`kjewvl rkgfd / fzwf ezwbfl jd`jfxvw Ŕk x~flvj~ew à`jîw zĊ xdewĊ bk x~flvew Ŕk k`w~dgvz gk~fjw à` fokzkv`k.
Fwexflf xe~jv~zf gf v` jdov`kjew gf x~fzĊ e. x~fcĊwk~fe1 n. ~fgejwe~fe1 j. ex~dne~fe1 g. gkbvye~fe1 f. frelve~fe. e. X~fcĊwk~fe / zf frelvfeyĊ koxd~we`Ūe k`bd~oeŪkkld~1 / zf flend~feyĊ oek ovlwf jdov`kjewf, egexwewf gvxĊ wkxvl gf xvnlkjeŪkf zev fokzkv`f, Ŕk gvxĊ wkxv~klf gf xvnlkj1 / zf k`wfc~feyĊ à`w~/v` jd`wf}w kzwd~kj, ldjel, `eŪkd`el, k`wf~`eŪkd`el, bk`e`jke~ fwj1 / k`bd~oeŪkklf fzf`Ūkelf gf w~e`zokz zf zfxe~Ċ gf jflf jk~jvozwe`Ūkelf. n. ^fgejwe~fe Jdov`kjewvl gf x~fzĊ w~fnvkf zĊ dbf~f w~fk `krflf jle~f gf lfjwv~Ċ9 5. Wkwlvl W~fnvkf zĊ ew~ecĊ ewf`Ūke ezwbfl9 / zĊ w~fyfezjĊ jv~kdykwewfe, gfjk zĊ bkf ej~dŔe`w 1 1 / zĊ jf`w~fyf ewf`Ūke ezvx~e v`fk ejŪkv`k gf oe}koĊ `dvwewf1 / zĊ bkf zjv~w Ŕk bejwvel1 / zĊ bkf zkoxlv, gk~fjw, jv rf~nf le gkewfye ejwkrĊ1 / zĊ dbf~f jkwkwd~vlvk d xf~zxfjwkrĊ jle~Ċ ezvx~e jd`Ūk`vwvlvk jdov`kjewvlvk1 / zĊ bkf f}xlkjkw1 / kgffe jd`Ūk`vwĊ w~fnvkf ~flvewĊ ~ flvewĊ à` wf}wvl jdov`kjewvlvk1 / `v w~fnvkf zĊ zfof`f jv v` zxdw xvnlkjkwe~1 >. K`wf~wkwlvl Jdov`kjewflf oek eoxlf xdw bk zfcof`wewf xf >/: k`wf~wkwlv~k zev wkwlv~k zfjv`ge~f, jv ~dlvl gf e zvnlk`ke oek ovlwf jf`w~f gf k`wf~fz. W~fnvkf zĊ bkf, je Ŕk wkwlvl, ej~dŔe`wf Ŕk zĊ gfyrĊlvkf xv`jwflf oeid~f elf wf}wvlvk jf v~ofeyĊ. : Wf}wvl K`bd~oeŪke fzf`ŪkelĊ w~fnvkf x~fyf`wewĊ kofgkew. Zf jd`zw~vkfŔwf à` bd~ovle iv~`elkzwkjĊ e xk~eokgfk k`rf~zewf >:
Fzwf x~kovl xe~ec~eb zev b~eye gf ewej. Jvx~k`gf jflf oek zfo`kbkjewkrf Lfeg ‚ vl Fzwf x~kovl flfof`wf elf ofzeivlvk. Fl e~f ~dlvl gf e zwî~`k k`wf~fzvl iv~`elkzwvlvk je~f/l x~kofŔwf Ŕk gf e fgkbkje jkwkwd~vl ezvx~e bf`dof`vlvk xfw~fjvw zev je~f zf re xfw~fjf. ^fcvlĊ9 W~fnvkf zĊ ~Ċzxv`gĊ le jflf Ŕexwf à`w~fnĊ~k bv`geof`welf je~f Ŕk lf xv`f d~kjk`f gd~fŔwf zĊ à`ŪflfecĊ v` frf`kof`w9 Jk`f4 / ~Ċzxv`zvl zf ~fbf~Ċ le d~ce`kyeŪke zev xf~zde`flf gfzx~f je~f zf rd~nfŔwf à` jdov`kjew. Zf re erfe à` rfgf~f jĊ `voflf bejf Ŕwk~fe. Jf4 / ~Ċzxv`zvl frkgf`ŪkeyĊ jf e~f oek gfdzfnkw Ŕwk~fe. V`gf4 / ldjvl à` je~f zf xfw~fjf ejŪkv`fe. Jî`g4 / gewe gfzbĊŔv~Ċ~kk ejŪkv`kk. Gf jf4 / odwkrflf je~f ev cf`f~ew frf`kof`wvl. Jvo4 / koxlkjeŪkklf zev jd`zfjk`Ūflf xdzknklf. Jv jk`f4 / gejĊ fzwf `fjfze~ zĊ bkf of`Ūkd`eŪk ecf`Ūk zfjv`ge~k. Ejfzwf à`w~fnĊ~k zv`w jv`dzjvwf zvn fwkjmfwe gf Jfk 6 S ! M 9 Smd ? jk`f4 Smew ? jf4 Smf` ? jî`g4 Smf~f ? v`gf4 Sm{ ? gf jf4 Mds ? jvo4
7. Jd~xvl wf}wvlvk V~ofeyĊ gvxĊ lfeg, e`zeonlî`g flfof`wf zfjv`ge~f, gf gfwelkv, ge~ enzdlvw `fjfze~f. Xe~ec~ebflf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf zjv~wf, jv flfof`wf gf à`jfxvw `dk, gfzj~kv zdlvŪkk zev ere`weif xf`w~v xvnlkjvl/Ūk`wĊ. Wf}wvl w~fnvkf zĊ bkf9 / gk~fjw1 / zĊ ofe~cĊ gf le xe~wkjvle~ le cf`f~el1 / gf le jd`j~fw le enzw~ejw1 / kgfklf zĊ jv~cĊ à` d~gk`fe gfzj~fzjĊwde~f e koxd~we`Ūfk1 / zĊ ~fzxfjwf ~fcvle9 d zk`cv~Ċ kgff ? v` zk`cv~ ofzei ? v` zk`cv~ xe~ec~eb. / zĊ bkf jdf~f`w1 / zĊ bkf jdoxlfw1 / zĊ bkf bkf jd`j jd`jkz kz / jv xe~e xe~ec~ c~eb ebff zjv~ zjv~wf wf gf :/7 :/7 b~ey b~eyf, f, oe}k oe}kov ovo, o, bkfj bkfje~ e~ff b~ey b~eyĊĊ zĊ àondcĊŪfezjĊ zvnzwe`Ūe k`bd~oeŪkfk1 / zĊ bkf jle~ / rdjenvle~ zkoxlv. Zf re frkwe ie~cd`vl, ke~ jvrk`wflf wfm`kjf rd~ bk à`zdŪkwf gf f}xlkjeŪkk zjv~wf1 / zĊ bkf x~fjkz / jv gewf Ŕk jkb~f rf~kbkjewf1 / wd`vl zĊ bkf bejwvel Ŕk `fvw~v. Zf rd~ frkwe flfof`wflf zwklkzwkjf, xĊ~wk`kwde~f, zev d e`vokwĊ zwe~f fodwkrĊ1 / zf xdewf exfle le ~fxfwkŪkf, gejĊ fzwf rd~ne gf d xf~zd`elkwewf, zx~f f}foxlv, zev v` x~dgvz `dv1 / zf xdewf exfle le jkwewf, gejĊ à`wĊ~fzj, eoxlkbkjĊ Ŕk gev c~fvwewf wf}wvlvk.
>7
6. Zwklvl jdov`kjewvlvk gf x~fzĊ W~fnvkf zĊ bkf jfl iv~`elkzwkj, egkjĊ zĊ eknĊ zw~vjwv~Ċ gf xk~eokgĊ k`rf~zĊ / lfeg ! xe~ec~ebf / ke~ xe~ec~ebflf zĊ x~fyk`wf bexwflf à` d~gk`fe gfzj~fzjĊwde~f gfzj~fzjĊwde~f e koxd~we`Ūfk. 2. X~fyf`we~fe jdov`kjewvlvk / Zf re wkxĊ~k xf d zk`cv~Ċ beŪĊ e jdlkk gf mî~wkf, bd~oew E71 / @v w~fnvkf zĊ eknĊ oek ovlw gf gdvĊ xeck`k1 / Zf re wkxĊ~k le gdvĊ ~î`gv~k9 >6 gf ~î`gv~k ] 28 gf zfo`f$xeck`Ċ1 / D b~eyĊ `v w~fnvkf zĊ w~fejĊ w~ fejĊ gf le d xeck`Ċ xf elwe1 / Le neye x~kofk xeck`k zf re zxfjkbkje9 v~ofeyĊ e gdve xeck`Ċ1 / @v zf zvnlk`keyĊ Ŕk `v zf zj~kf jv oeivzjvlf, oeivzjvlf, f}jfxwî`g lkwf~flf k`kŪkelf elf b~eyfld~1 / Zf rd~ frkwe en~frkf~klf1 / Zf xdewf exfle le `dwf wfm`kjf xf`w~v k`bd~oeŪkk zvxlkof`we~f zev bdwdc~ebkk xf`w~v oek ovlwf gfwelkk ge~ je~f `v k`w~Ċ à` wf}wvl jdov`kjewvlvk. Jvx~k`gf9 / Zkcle d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / @voĊ~vl gf jdg1 / Gewe fokwf~kk1 / Of`Ūkv`k9 fone~cd xî`Ċ le gewe ....zev xvnlkje~f kofgkewĊ 1 1 / X~fjkye~fe9 Jdov`kjew gf X~fzĊ , , zev K`rkweŪkf / Wf}w / lfeg ! xe~ec~ebf1 / @voflf, eg~fze, wflfbd`vl, xf~zde`fk gf jd`wejw1 j. Ex~dne~fe Jd`gvj Jd`gvjĊwd Ċwd~vl ~vl d~ce`k d~ce`kye yeŪkf Ūkfkk w~fnvk w~fnvkff jd`zkl jd`zklkew kew ezvx~e ezvx~e bd~ofk, bd~ofk, zwklvl zwklvlvk vk Ŕk oe`kf oe`kf~fk ~fk gf ~fgejwe~f e jdov`kjewvlvk ezwbfl je zĊ k zf egvjĊ xvŪk`f ~fwvŔv~k zev gf ldj, à`ek`wf gf e/l ex~dne. Zf w~fjf w~fjf bv`jŪk bv`jŪkee Ŕk `voflf `voflf xf~zde xf~zde`f `fkk je~f je~f e ex~dne ex~dneww jdov`k jdov`kjew jewvl vl -jd`gv -jd`gvjĊw jĊwd~v d~vlvk lvk d~ce`kyeŪkfk+ g. Gkbvye~fe jdov`kjewvlvk / zf bdld bdldzf zfŔw Ŕwff bkŔ bkŔkf kf~v ~vll gf x~fz x~fzĊ1 Ċ1 / zf elfcf elfcf xvnlkjv xvnlkjvl/Ūk`wĊ l/Ūk`wĊ Ŕk okilde okildejflf jflf gf x~fzĊ k`wf~fzew k`wf~fzewff à` xvnlkje~f xvnlkje~f11 / zf elfc elfc ~fgej ~fgejwd~ wd~kk kk je~f je~f e~ bk k`wf~fz k`wf~fzeŪk eŪk gf xvnl xvnlkje kje~fe ~fe jdov` jdov`kje kjewvl wvlvk1 vk1 / zf elf elfcf cf gew gewee w~e`z w~e`zok okwf wf~k ~kkk jdov` jdov`kj kjew ewvl vlvk1 vk1 / zf elfc elfc jflf oek fbkjkf fbkjkf`wf `wf okilde okildejf jf gf w~e`zok w~e`zokwf~f wf~f e jdov`k jdov`kjew jewvlv vlvk9 k9 xdŔwĊ, xdŔwĊ, wflfbd wflfbd`, `, ~fx~fyf`we`w, be}, f/oekl , jv djeyke Jd`bf~k`Ūfk gf X~fzĊ1 / zf eg~f eg~fzfe zfeyĊ yĊ ~fge ~fgejwd jwd~vl ~vlvk/Ŕ vk/Ŕfb fb el xvnl xvnlkje kjeŪkf Ūkfkk jv of`Ūk of`Ūkv`f v`fee 9 à` ewf`Ūke ~fgejwd~vlvk kgf`wkbkjew je zxfjkelkzw à` x~dnlfoĊ zev Ŕfbvlvk zfjŪkfk. f. Frelve~fe / zf fbfjwvfeyĊ ^frkzwe x~fzfk Ŕk zf e`elkyfeyĊ odgvl à` je~f xvnlkjeŪkklf ev bdldzkw jdov`kjewvl gf x~fzĊ. / zf frelvfeyĊ frelvfeyĊ fjdv~klf fjdv~klf gf x~fzĊ. V` fjdv zlen xdewf gvjf le jd`jlvyke9 / Ŕwk~fe `v x~fyk`wĊ k`wf~fz1 / odof`wvl gkbvyĊ~kk `v e bdzw nk`f elfz1 / jdov`kjewvl `v e bdzw nk`f ~fgejwew1 / `v ev bdzw nk`f elfzf xvnlkjeŪkklf. Frelve Frelve~fe ~fe w~fnvk w~fnvkff bĊjvwĊ bĊjvwĊ jd`zfj jd`zfjrf` rf`ww xf`w~ xf`w~vv e jv`deŔ jv`deŔwf wf jîw oek nk`f nk`f bv`jŪk bv`jŪkd`e d`e~fe ~fe zxfjkbkjĊ e x~fzfk Ŕk e xf~bfjŪkd`e ejwkrkwewfe nk~dvlvk gf x~fzĊ. >6
Xv`f~fe à` xeck`Ċ zwe`ge~g e Jdov`kjewvlvk gf X~fzĊ ZKCLE D^CE@KYEŮKFK @VOĎ^ GF JDG XF@W^V GKBVYE^F KOFGKEWĎ zev FONE^CD xî`Ċ le gewe...d~e....... gewe...d~e.......
GEWE FOKWF^KK
JDOV@KJEW GF X^FZĎ. WKWLV -K`bd~oewkr+ LFEG -ofzeivl fzf`Ūkel, oe}kovo 6/2 ~î`gv~k+....................................•••••••••. ~î`gv~k+....................................•••••••••. .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .........................................•••••••••• ..................•••••••••• .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ........................................••••••••••. .................••••••••••. .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .........................................•••••••••• ..................•••••••••• .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .........................................•••••••••• ..................•••••••••• JD^X JD^XVL VL WF]W WF]WVL VLVK VK -d zvjj zvjjfz fzkv kv`f `f gf xe~e xe~ec~ c~eb ebff je~f je~f jd`Ū jd`Ūk` k` kgfk kgfklf lf Ŕk k`bd k`bd~o ~oeŪ eŪkk kklf lf jdoxlfof`we~f, à` d~gk`f gfzj~fzjĊwde~f koxd~we`Ūfk ld~+ .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .............................................•••••• ......................••••••••• ••• .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .........................................•••••••••• ..................•••••••••• .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ........................................•••••••••• .................•••••••••• .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ..........................................•••••••••. ...................•••••••••. .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ..........................................•••••••••. ...................•••••••••.
@VOF, X^F@VOF, EG^FZĎ, WFLFBD@, BE], -xf~zde`e gf jd`wejw+
BV@JŮKF, @VOF, X^F@VOF ZFO@ĎWV^E -Xf~zde`e je~f gkbvyfeyĊ jdov`kjewvl+
>2
:.>.>.6. Gdze~vl gf x~fzĊ Fzwf v` k`zw~vof`w fzf`Ūkel, el jdov`kjĊ~kk gk`w~f d d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk oezz/ofgke bkk`g k`gkzxf`zenkl à` bde~wf ovlwf djeykk -jd`bf~k`Ūf gf x~fzĊ, rdkeif gf x~fzĊ, jd`wejwf xf~zd`elf jv iv~`elkŔwkk+, oewf~kelkyî`g ofzeivl d~ce`kyeŪkfk le v` zvnkfjw gfwf~ok`ew. À` cf`f~el, Gdze~vl gf x~fzĊ zf koxv`f ewv`jk jî`g v` jdov`kjew `v fzwf zvbkjkf`w xf`w~v e x~fyf`we k`bd~oeŪke à` à`w~fece fk eoxlde~f. Fl fzwf gfzwk`ew e bk bdldzkw gf iv~`elkzw xf`w~v zflfjwe~fe gf k`bd~oeŪkk, xf neye jĊ~d~e fl re xvwfe ~felkye v` oewf~kel gf zk`f zwĊwĊwd~. Fzwf v` gfof~z à`w~f Jdov`kjew Ŕk Jd`bf~k`Ūe gf x~fzĊ je~f zk`wfwkyfeyĊ flfof`wflf jdoxd`f`wf elf v`vk frf`kof`w Ŕk xv`f à` relde~f e`vokwf ezxfjwf elf k`bd~oeŪkfk. Ere`weif9 / xf~okwf x~fyf`we~fe à` x~dbv`ykof e v`vk zvnkfjw1 / xf~okwf k`w~e~fe à` ne`je gf gewf e iv~`elkŔwkld~ e v`d~ k`bd~oeŪkk cewe x~flvj~ewf9 zwewkzwkjk, f}w~ezf gf x~fzĊ x~krk`g xv`jwvl gf rfgf~f el d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 nkdc~ebkk1 bdwdc~ebkk elf lkgf~kld~. Jlezkbkje~f9 e. Gdze~f gf x~fzĊ je~f à`zdŪfzj jdov`kjewvl gf x~fzĊ / bd~ovle jfe oek ec~fewĊ gf iv~`elkŔwk, xf~okŪî`gv/lf jdonk`e~fe k`bd~oeŪkkld~1 n Gdze~f gf x~fzĊ/je~wf gf rkykwĊ e d~ce`kyeŪkfk / jv neye gf gewf jf `v zf lfecĊ gf d ejwkrkwewf ejwkrkwewf xv`jwvel xv`jwvelĊ. Ċ. Fzwf v` exfl d~ce`kye kyeŪkf Ūkfkk x~k` x~k` je~f je~f ejfezw ejfezwee à`jfe~ à`jfe~jĊ jĊ zĊ exfl gkzj~fw gkzj~fw el d~ce` gfwf~ok`f x~fze zĊ rd~nfezjĊ gfzx~f fe1 j Gdze~f j Gdze~f gf x~fzĊ/frf`kof`w / jd`zwkwvkw zxfjkel xf`w~v v` e`vokw frf`kof`w. Gdze~vl gf x~fzĊ fzwf v` oewf~kel ~fgejwew f}jlvzkr xf`w~v yke~kŔwk jv zjdxvl gf e lf xv`f le gkzxdykŪkf d ne`jĊ gf gewf9 Fl w~fnvkf zĊ jvx~k`gĊ gewf9 / jdf~f`wf, / ew~ĊcĊwde~f, / fbkjkf`wf, / ejjfzknklf, / jîw oek ~kcv~dezf, / lkxzkwf gf e~wkbkjkk1 / zĊ w~ewfyf v` zk`cv~ zvnkfjw. Xf jdxf~wĊ e~f à`zj~kz `voflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk, wfoe Ŕk `voflf xf~zde`fk gf jd`wejw. Jd`Ūk`vw9 e Zvoe~ / of`Ūkd`feyĊ wdewf oewf~kelflf1 n Wf}w / zk`wfwkyfeyĊ fzf`Ūe wfofk Ŕk `v re erfe oek ovlw gf gdvĊ xeck`k1 j Gdjvof`wf / x~fyf`wewf à`w~/d d~gk`f ldckjĊ, gf >/: xeck`k je~f gfyrdlwĊ gkrf~zf ezxfjwf xe~wkjvle~f elf wfofk. Oewf~kelflf rd~ bk ~fgejwewf à` zwkl iv~`elkzwkj9 wkwlv ej~dŔe`w, re ~fzxfjwe ~fcvle xk~eokgfk k`rf~zf, zj~kkwv~Ċ jle~Ċ, jd`jkzĊ, bejwvelĊ, `fvw~Ċ, jv k`wf~wkwlv~k. g Oewf~kelf zvxlkof`we~f9 / ~fx~dgvjf~k zjv~wf gk` elwf e~wkjdlf xvnlkjewf e`wf~kd~, / zwewkzwkjk, / bdwdc~ebkk, / c~ebkjf, / zjmfof. Oek xdewf jvx~k`gf e`f}f ge~ je~f ewf`Ūkd`feyĊ iv~`elkzwvl jĊ `v ev lfcĊwv~Ċ, `fexĊ~ew, jv frf`kof`wvl9 / zjv~w kzwd~kj el d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / nkdc~ebkk1 / lkzwe xe~wf`f~kld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / bkŔf wfm`kjf1 / nkle`Ūv~k1 >3
/ lkzwe jv oewf~kelf klvzw~ewkrf elf d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / k`bd~oeŪkk lfcewf gf ejwkrkwewfe oe`ecf~kelĊ. Gdze~vl gf x~fzĊ fzwf à`oî`ew iv~`elkŔwkld~ je~f xe~wkjkxĊ le jd`bf~k`Ūf gf x~fzĊ, le d rkykwĊ, jĊlĊwd~kf gf k`bd~oe~f zev elwf oe`kbfzwĊ~k elf d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Fl w~fnvkf zĊ bv~`kyfyf d k`bd~oeŪkf ~felĊ, jdoxlfwĊ, k`wf~fze`wĊ xf`w~v xvnlkj. Fzwf v` okildj gf k`bd~oe~f Ŕk `v d dclk`gĊ e d~ce`kyeŪkfk jf ~fx~dgvjf gde~ koeck`k oĊcvlkwde~f.
:.>.>.2. BkŔkf~flf gf x~fzĊ Zv`w k`zw~vof`wf gf lvj~v k`gkzxf`zenklf ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf jv x~fze. BkŔkf~vl gf x~fzĊ xf~okwf9 / ~fjf ~fjf`y `ye~ e~fe fe iv~` iv~`el elkŔ kŔwk wkld ld~~ gk` gk` k`zw k`zwkw kwvŪ vŪkkl kklff gf x~fz x~fzĊĊ je~f je~f e~ xvwf xvwfee bk k`wf k`wf~f ~fze zewf wf gf k`bd~oeŪkklf gkzw~knvkwf1 / w~kokwf~fe jdov`kjewfld~, e gdze~fld~ gf x~fzĊ, k`rkweŪkkld~1 / of`Ūk`f~fe lfcĊwv~kld~ jv iv~`elkŔwkk1 / ~fejŪke x~doxwĊ le d e`vokwĊ k`bd~oeŪkf xvzĊ à` jk~jvleŪkf gf jĊw~f x~fzĊ. Flf zv`w gdjvof`wf gf lvj~v jdoxlf}f, nk`f zw~vjwv~ewf, je~f zf neyfeyĊ xf j~kwf~kk ldckjf Ŕk bv`jŪkd`elf. BkŔkf~flf gf x~fzĊ zv`w9 / xf`w~v k`zwkwvŪkklf gf x~fzĊ9 / xf`w~v x~fze gf k`bd~oe~f cf`f~elĊ1 / xf`w~v x~fze zxfjkelkyewĊ1 / xf`w~v iv~`elkŔwk9 / bkŔkf~vl zkzwfoewkj el iv~`elkŔwkld~1 / bkŔkf~vl elbenfwkj. e. BkŔkf~vl k`zwkwvŪkkld~ gf x~fzĊ jvx~k`gf9 / `voflf xvnlkjeŪkfk zev xdzwvlvk1 / eg~fze Ŕk `vof~flf gf wflfbd`, be}1 / c~vxvl zev zdjkfwewfe gk` je~f bejf xe~wf1 / xf~kdgkjkwewfe1 / wk~ei, ~ewf gf evgkf`ŪĊ1 / yd`e gf gkzw~knvŪkf1 / je~ejwf~kzwkjk zdjkd/x~dbfzkd`elf elf xvnlkjvlvk zxfjkbkj1 / ykve Ŕk d~e lkokwĊ xî`Ċ le je~f xdw bk w~kokzf k`bd~oeŪkklf1 / wfof Ŕk zvnkfjwf w~ewewf jv x~fgklfjŪkf1 / `voflf ~fgejwd~vlvk Ŕfb / `voflf ~fzxd`zenklkld~ gf ~vn~kjk1 / `voflf ~fgejwd~kld~ rkyeŪk1 / `voflf Ŕk eg~fzflf jd~fzxd`gf`Ūkld~ jd~fzxd`gf`Ūkld~ ldjelk. n. BkŔkf~flf iv~`elkŔwkld~ jvx~k`g9 / `vof, x~f`vof, xzfvgd`ko1 / `voĊ~ gf wflfbd` gk` ~fgejŪkf1 / `voflf, wflfbd`vl Ŕk eg~fze k`zwkwvŪkfk1 / eg~fze Ŕk `voĊ~vl gf wflfbd` gf ejezĊ1 / zxfjkelkwewfe1 / bdwdc~ebke1 / gewe `eŔwf~kk1 / gewe le je~f e bdzw bĊjvwĊ vlwkoe ejwvelkye~f e bkŔkf~vlvk1 / frkgf`Ūe xe~wkjkxĊ~kk le frf`kof`wflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / ewkwvgk`fe ejfzwvke beŪĊ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf9 >=
/ dzwklĊ1 / berd~enklĊ1 / `fvw~Ċ. BkŔkf~flf gf x~fzĊ zf e~mkrfeyĊ Ŕk zf ejwvelkyfeyĊ xf~oe`f`w.
:.:. ^fleŪkklf jv zdjkfwewfe
:.:.5. Cf`f~elkwĊŪk ^fleŪkklf jv zdjkfwewfe -^Z+ ~fx~fyk`wĊ xe~wkjkxe~fe xle`kbkjewĊ, ejwkrĊ Ŕk jd`wk`vĊ e d~ce`kyeŪkfk jv Ŕk à` zdjkfwewf, à` nf`fbkjkvl eonfld~ xĊ~Ūk Zjdxvl x~k`jkxel ? ezkcv~e~fe v`fk nv`f koeck`k e d~ce`kyeŪkfk gk` xe~wfe xvnlkjvlvk. W~fnvkf zĊ à`wĊ~fezjĊ ~fx~fyf`we~fe xvnlkjvlvk gf d~ce`kyeŪkf zf~kdezĊ, gf oe~f à`j~fgf~f, odgf~`Ċ fwj. ^Z k`jlvg xle`kbkje~f Ŕk e`ceie~f à` frf`kof`wf. Zf gfzbĊŔde~Ċ, gf dnkjfk, à` iv~vl v`vk frf`kof`w zev ejwkrkwĊŪk xle`kbkjewf, ge~, koxlkjkw zdlkjkwĊ x~dc~eof gf jd`wk`vkwewf à` nf`fbkjkvl ewîw el d~ce`kyeŪkfk jîw Ŕk el zdjkfwĊŪkk. ^Z ~fx~fyk`wĊ v` zkzwfo zkonkdwkj gf ~fleŪkk. @v zv`w dxŪkd`elf. ^fx~fyk`wĊ d bv`jŪkf gf jd`gvjf~f . Zxfjke ZxfjkelkŔ lkŔwkk wkk à` ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkk xvnlkj xvnlkjff ~fx~fy ~fx~fyk`w k`wĊĊ rf~kc rf~kcee xf~oe` xf~oe`f`w f`wĊĊ gk`w~f gk`w~f d~ce`k d~ce`kye yeŪkf Ūkf Ŕk zdjkfw zdjkfwewf ewf.. Fk w~fnvk w~fnvkff zĊ zwenkl zwenklfe fezjĊ zjĊ bejwd~ bejwd~kk kk jevyel jevyelkk je~f je~f ev cf`f~e cf`f~eww d e`vokw e`vokwĊĊ zkwveŪ zkwveŪkf. kf. X~dc~eoflf w~fnvkf ezwbfl à`wdjokwf à`jîw zĊ gfxĊŔfezjĊ d~kjf ne~kf~f je~f z/ev bd~oew à`w~f Ŕfbvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk zdjkfwewf. Ew~knvŪkklf zxfjkelkzwvlvk x~k` x~kzoe ejfzwd~ ~fzxd`zenklkwĊŪk9 / zĊ ezkzwf Ŕfbvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk à` wkoxvl jdov`kjĊ~kld~1 / zĊ ~fjdoe`gf x~kd~kwĊŪklf Ŕk jflf oek fbkjkf`wf okildejf gf gkbvye~f e ofzeifld~1 / zĊ xle`kbkjf x~dc~eoflf, à` je~f zf`z w~fnvkf jv~ei, koeck`eŪkf Ŕk zk`jf~kwewf1 / zĊ jv`dezjĊ zfcof`wflf zdjkelf gf k`wf~fz1 / zĊ jv`dezjĊ yd`e jv koxejw fjd`dokj, xdlkwkj, zdjkel1 / zĊ jv`dezjĊ odgvl gf dxf~e~f el zdjkfwĊŪkk1 / zĊ ~fzxfjwf reld~klf Ŕk k`wf~fzflf zdjkfwĊŪkk1 / zĊ jv`dezjĊ zw~vjwv~e gf xvwf~f à` zdjkfwewf Ŕk c~egvl gf koxlkje~f el xdxvleŪkfk à` gkbf~kwf ejwkrkwĊŪk1 W~fnvk W~fnvkff frkwew frkwewĊĊ jexje jexje`e `e gf e bejf bejf ejwkr ejwkrkwe kwewfe wfe gk` gdof`k gdof`kvl vl ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkld kld~~ xvnlkj xvnlkjff jv zdjkfwewfe gfxf`gf`wĊ gf Ŕfbvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk zev gf xe~wkjkxe~fe le bkfje~f ejwkrkwewf1 ^fzv~ze x~k`jkxelĊ à` gdof`kvl ~fleŪkkld~ jv zdjkfwewfe d ~fx~fyk`wĊ zwebb /vl /vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk. :.:.>. Dnkfjwkrf K`gkbf~f`w gf oĊ~kofe d~ce`kyeŪkfk `v zf jd`jfxf je ~fleŪke ejfzwfke jv zdjkfwewfe zĊ bkf à`wîoxlĊwde~f. À`w~fnĊ~k le je~f w~fnvkf ~Ċzxv`z9 / Xf`w~v jf zf jmflwvkfzj ~fzv~zf Ŕk wkox4 / Jf à`jf~jĊo zĊ ~felkyĊo4 / Jf nf`fbkjkv ~frk`f d~ce`kyeŪkfk je ~fyvlwew el ejfzwd~ x~dc~eof4 / Jf zf xdewf à`wîoxle à` jeyvl ene`gd`Ċ~kk x~dc~eofld~4 ^Ċzxv`zvl xdewf bk cĊzkw à` dnkfjwkrflf bv`geof`welf elf ejwkrkwĊŪkk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf je~f zv`w9 / zĊ j~fezjĊ jd`Ŕwkf`wkye~fe Ŕk à`Ūflfcf~fe xvnlkjĊ à` x~krk`Ūe d~ce`kyeŪkfk, ejwkrkwĊŪkk Ŕk x~dc~eofld~ fk1 / zĊ k`zxk~Ċo xew~kdwkzo Ŕk à`j~fgf~f, ezwbfl je, xf~zd`elvl zĊ zf~rfezjĊ d~ce`kyeŪke le jflf oek ~kgkjewf jdwf1 >;
/ ew~ecf~fe wk`f~kld~ zvx~egdweŪk1 / xĊzw~e~fe nv`fld~ ~fleŪkk à` wf~of`k ~fjkx~dj ere`weidŔk1 / of`Ūk`f~fe ~fxvweŪkfk gf nv` rfjk` Ŕk xe~wf`f~, gf d~ce`kyeŪkf gfo`Ċ gf ~fzxfjw x~dbfzkd`el ~fzxd`zenklĊ beŪĊ gf xvnlkj1 / zx~kik`vl x~dc~eofld~ voe`kwe~f1 / à`gfxlk`k~fe x~dx~kkld~ x~dc~eof. Őfbvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk zxfjkelkzwvl jv ~fleŪkklf xvnlkjf w~fnvkf zĊ ke à` xf~oe`f`ŪĊ à` jeljvl jd`zf jd`zfjk` jk`Ūfl Ūflff à`Ċzx~ à`Ċzx~k~k k~kkk ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkld kld~~ gk`w~f gk`w~f d~ce`k d~ce`kye yeŪkf Ūkf Ŕk zdjkfw zdjkfwewf ewf.. Xkf~gf Xkf~gf~fe ~fe x~fzwk x~fzwkckv ckvlvk lvk,, e zx~kik`vlvk zev à`Ūflfcf~kk gk` xe~wfe zdjkfwĊŪkk e~f fbfjwf gfyezw~vdezf xf`w~v d~ce`kyeŪkf.
:.:.:. X~dc~eof e X~dc~eof x~dejwkrf zev x~frf`wkrf Ejfzw wkx gf x~dc~eof xv`f à` frkgf`ŪĊ jdov`kje~fe beŪĊ à` beŪĊ jv gkbf~kwf jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj Ŕk zdlkjkwĊ ejŪkv`k jdf~f`wf à`ek`wf je e`vokwf frf`kof`wf zĊ zf x~dgvjĊ. Flf zf neyfeyĊ xf gfzjmkgf~f, d`fzwkwewf Ŕk koxlkje~f à` x~dnlfoflf zdjkelf. n X~dc~eof ~fejwkrf -zev gf ~fofgkf~f +. KoxlkjĊ exle`e~fe jd`blkjwvlvk ewv`jk jî`g jfre `v of~cf nk`f. Zx~f f}foxlv, jî`g zf à`wîoxk`Ċ d evgkf`ŪĊ dzwklĊ zev zjfxwkjĊ. Flf wk`g zĊ ~fzwenklfezjĊ nv`flf ~fleŪkk. X~dc~eoflf x~dejwkrf nv`f gkok`vfeyĊ `fjfzkwewfe x~dc~eofld~ gk` e gdve jewfcd~kf. :.:.7. Ofwdgf vwklkyewf e. Jd`wejwvl xf~zd`el n. Jdov`kje~fe X~dc~eovl gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf jv zdjkfwewfe fzwf rkwel xf`w~v e bk xf~jfxvwf fbd~wv~klf gf e ge k`bd~oeŪkklf gf je~f xvnlkjvl e~f `frdkf xf`w~v e fokwf ~eŪkd`eof`wf gf jelkwewf. D~kjf x~dc~eo gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf jv zdjkfwewfe w~fnvkf zĊ xe~jv~cĊ wdewf jflf jk`jk fwexf elf x~djfzvlvk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf9 kgf`wkbkje~fe x~dnlfofk1 jf~jfwe~fe1 xle`kbkje~fe1 jdov`kje~fe1 frelve~fe. :.:.6. BkŔkf~vl gf e`zeonlv el zdjkfwĊŪkk Jvx~k`gf9 / bv`gelvl kzwd~kj Ŕk fjd`dokj el zdjkfwĊŪkk1 / gewf gfzx~f dbkjkelkwĊŪk1 / okildejf gf jdov`kje~f1 / nkzf~kjk Ŕk c~vxv~k ~flkckdezf1 / bejklkwĊŪk fgvjeŪkd`elf1 / bejklkwĊŪk gf ~fj~ff~f Ŕk gkrf~wkzof`w1 / ezdjkeŪkk gf bfofk Ŕk wk`f~fw1 / dxd~wv`kwĊŪk gf ebejf~k1 / d~ce`kyeŪkk cvrf~`eof`welf cvrf~`eof`welf Ŕk `d`cvrf~`eof`welf1 `d`cvrf~`eof`welf1 / xvnlkjeŪkk jf`w~elf Ŕk ldjelf zfo`kbkjewkrf1 / elwf k`bd~oeŪkk koxd~we`wf zev ~flfre`wf. @v fzwf zvbkjkf`w gde~ zĊ egv`k k`bd~oeŪkk. W~fnvkf bĊjvwf Ŕk e`elkyf elf zdjkfwĊŪkk, à` cf`f~el Ŕk xf gdof`kk. E`zeonlvl zdjkfwĊŪkk `v fzwf Ŕk `v w~fnvkf x~krkw je xf v` zfw gf bexwf ~fjk. D e`elkyĊ oek ewf`wĊ e~ewĊ jĊ bexwflf zf lfecĊ à`w~f flf Ŕk x~k`g rkeŪĊ. @voek d e`elkyĊ ewf`wĊ e bexwfld~ x~k` ejfezwĊ x~kzoĊ xdewf gvjf le kgf`wkbkje~fe jfld~ oek egfjrewf zdlvŪkk à` gfyrdlwe~fe ~fleŪkkld~ berd~enklf jv zdjkfwewfe.
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:.7. ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf jv zw~Ċk`Ċwewfe
À` F^E K@BD^OEŮKKLD^ CLDNELF jvlwv~klf zf k`wf~xĊw~v`g, ke~ je`wkwewfe gf gewf zf gvnlfeyĊ le bkfje~f >8 gf lv`k. J~kzwke` Gevgfl / f}xf~w à` jeg~vl K`zwkwvwvlvk xf`w~v Zwvgkk Zw~ewfckjf gf le @kze / jd`zkgf~Ċ jĊ x~fbk}vl CFD jf zf exlkje le :/7 gkof`zkv`k xle`fwe~f9 wf~fzw~Ċ, ewodzbf~kjĊ, oe~kwkoĊ, oe~kwkoĊ, jdzokjĊ, jdzokjĊ, e~f d `dvĊ gkof`zkv`f gkof`zkv`f / k`bd~oeŪkd` k`bd~oeŪkd`elĊ. elĊ. Zf xdewf xdewf rd~nk, rd~nk, eŔege~, eŔege~, xf lî`cĊ lî`cĊ `dŪkv`klf gf cfdxdlkwkjĊ, cfdzw~ewfckf, cfdfjd`dokf Ŕk gf cfdjdov`kje~f, zev, gf cfdfjd`dokf, cfdxdlkwkjĊ x~k` jdov`kje~f. ^exd~wv~klf k`zwkwvkwf x~krk`g jdov`kje~fe à`w~f zwewf, d~ce`kyeŪkk, d~ce`kzof fwj. bd~ofeyĊ jd`jfxwvl gf w~e`zbf~ gf k`bd~oeŪkk . X~dc X~dc~e ~eof oflf lf gf ~fle ~fleŪkk Ūkk xvnl xvnlkj kjff jv zw~Ċ zw~Ċk` k`Ċw Ċwew ewfe fe `v w~fnv w~fnvkf kf x~kr x~krkw kwff je ko kokw kwĊ~ Ċ~kk elf elf x~dc~eofld~ gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf jv zdjkfwewfe. Ofgkvl gkbf~kw, gf le zwew le zwew, à` je~f zf ejŪkd`feyĊ gfwf~ok`Ċ odgvl gkbf~kw gf end~ge~f e jdov`kjĊ~kk. J~kzwdxmf~ Nf~lfww, à` lvj~e~fe Jd`gvjf~fe gk`jdld gf b~d`wkf~f kgf`wkbkjĊ oek ovlwf wkxv~k gf jdoxe`kk9 / Jdoxe`kk cldnelf / jv v` zfgkv jf`w~elkyew ge~ ejŪkd`feyĊ xf gk~fjŪkk zw~ewfckjf1 / Jdoxe Jdoxe`kk `kk k`wf~`eŪkd`elf / gfxf`gf`wf gf bk~oe / xĊ~k`wf ge~ ejŪkd`feyĊ oek gfzjf`w~elkyew1 / Jdoxe`kk ovlwk`eŪkd`elf / jv v` c~eg oe~f gf gfzjf`w~elkye~f, bkfje~f bklkelĊ dxf~î`g evwd`do, bv`jŪkf gf zxfjkbkjvl ŪĊ~kk. X~dkfjwe~fe v`vk X~dc~eo gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf k`wf~`eŪkd`elf w~fnvkf zĊ Ūk`Ċ zfeoe gf9 / ~exd~wvl gk`w~f rkeŪe k`gvzw~kelĊ Ŕk jfe ~v~elĊ gk` Ūe~e ~fzxfjwkrĊ1 / rf`kwvl beoklkel1 / zwenklkwewfe xdlkwkjĊ1 / ~fcvlklf od`fwe~f1 / w~egkŪkk à` ebejf~k1 / ~fcvlk gf jdoxd~weof`w ejjfxwewf. ejjfxwewf. Jf wkxv~k gf jdoxd~weof`w zv`w ~fzxk`zf4 / ezxfjwf lfcewf gf jvlwv~Ċ, of`welkwĊŪk, ~flkckf1 / xe~wkjvle~kwĊŪklf ldjelf elf ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf1
F}foxlf9 À` lvofe e~enĊ w~fnvkf, à` odg dnlkcewd~kv jîŔwkcewĊ à`j~fgf~fe k`wf~ldjvwd~vlvk ezwbfl9 zf oe`kbfzwĊ f`wvykezo, zf bej ex~fjkf~k le ezxfjwvl bkykj Ŕk zĊ`Ċwewfe k`wf~ldjvwd~vlvk je~f zv`w, frkgf`w, gk`w~f jflf oek nv`f, zf k`rdjĊ f~dk ldjelk, oe~k xew~kdŪk, zxd~wkrk, e~wkŔwk, zj~kkwd~k, jv`dzjvŪk Ŕk xf je~f àk ex~fjkeŪk, fwj. À` Eof~kje Lewk`Ċ zf ejd~gĊ oe~f ewf`Ūkf jd`rf`kf`Ūfld~9 bkŪk f}jfzkr gf xdlkwkjdz, oek elfz à` bd~ovlflf gf eg~fze~f1 bkŪk xv`jwvelk ge~ `v oe`kbfzweŪk k~kwe~f Ŕk w~fjfŪk `fdnzf~rewĊ à`wî~ykf~fe k`wf~ldjvwd~vlvk1 `v ~fbvyeŪk jebfeve, oek elfz jĊ ~fx~fyk`wĊ v` flfof`w fzf`Ūkel el rf`kwvlvk `eŪkd`el. À` Iexd`ke exflvl le zf~rkjkklf v`vk zxfjkelkzw ldjel à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf d ~fcvlĊ. À` jd`jlvykf9 zxfjkelkŔwkk ~fjdoe`gĊ zĊ `v zf fykwf à` e exfle le zf~rkjkklf v`vk zxfjkelkzw ldje ldjell à` ~fle ~fleŪk Ūkkk xvnl xvnlkj kjff ewv` ewv`jk jk jî`g jî`g zf gd~f gd~fŔw Ŕwff e zf j~fe j~fe v` ofgk ofgkvv gf ebej ebejf~ f~kk le `krf `krfll k`wf~`eŪkd`el.
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Jexkwdlvl 7 ZW^VJWV^K GF ^FLEŮKK XVNLKJF F}kzwĊ w~fk wkxv~k gf zw~vjwv~k9 e. Zw~vjwv~k cvrf~`eof`welf1 cvrf~`eof`welf1 n. Zw~vjwv~k gfxe~weof`welf1 gfxe~weof`welf1 j. Bk~of gf jd`zvlwe`ŪĊ xf x~dnlfof gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf. Cf`f~kj, ejfzwf zw~vjwv~k zv`w gf`vokwf GFXE^WEOF@WF GF ^FLEŮKK XVNLKJF
7.5. Gfxe~weof`wvl gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf
E~f ~dlvl gf e ezkcv~e jdov`kje~fe k`wf~`Ċ Ŕk f}wf~`Ċ e d~ce`kyeŪkfk ezwbfl je, x~k`w~/d jdov`kje~f fbkjkf`wĊ, zĊ zf jîŔwkcf Ŕk zĊ zf of`Ūk`Ċ à`j~fgf~fe gkbf~kwfld~ jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj. e. D~ce`kye~f Gfxe~weof`wvl gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf fzwf d~ce`kyew bv`jŪkf gf9 / ofgkvl à` je~f ejŪkd`feyĊ d~ce`kyeŪke1 / dnkfjwkrflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / oĊ~kofe d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / nvcfwvl gkzxd`knkl. Fzwf k`blvf`Ūew gf9 / okzkv`k Ŕk dnkfjwkrf1 / cf`vl gf x~dgvzf Ŕk zf~rkjkk1 / wkxvl gf dxf~eŪkv`k Ŕk f}wk`gf~fe cfdc~ebkjĊ1 / x~fyf`Ūe xf xkeŪĊ zev rkyknklkwewfe d~ce`kyeŪkfk.
n. Bv`jŪkk9 / jd`zw~vk~fe Ŕk koxv`f~fe koeck`kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / zwenklk~fe gf nv`f ~fleŪkk jv xvnlkjvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / ~fydlre~fe x~dnlfofld~ je~f Ūk` gf jdov`kje~f. j. Ze~jk`k9 / e`wkjkxe~fe ~fejŪkkld~ dxk`kfk xvnlkjf Ŕk e`elkye bffg/neja /vlvk1 /vlvk1 / jd`zklkf~fe jd`gvjf~kk1 / zwenklk~fe Ŕk koxlfof`we~fe x~dc~eofld~ gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf1 / frelve~fe x~dc~eofld~1 / od`kwd~kye~fe x~fzfk Ŕk ~fleŪke jv oezz/ofgke 1 / jdd~gd`e~fe jdov`kjĊ~kk k`wf~`f1 / d~ce`kye~fe frf`kof`wfld~1 / kgf`wkbkje~fe x~dnlfofld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk ezkcv~e~fe lfcĊwv~kld~ gf jdov`kje~f gk`w~f d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk xvnlkj1 / cfzwkd`e~fe gk` xv`jw gf rfgf~f el jdov`kjĊ~kk, e zkwveŪkkld~ gf j~kyĊ. g. Jd`Ūk`vw Gfxe~weof`wvl gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf w~fnvkf zĊ eknĊ9 / d zw~vjwv~Ċ nk`f gfbk`kwĊ1 / zxeŪkv jd~fzxv`yĊwd~ gfzbĊŔv~Ċ~kk ejwkrkwĊŪkk. Gf ~fcvlĊ à` zfgkvl jf`w~el el d~ce`kyeŪkfk je~f zĊ/k xf~okwĊ of`Ūk`f~fe lfcĊwv~kk dxd~wv`f ewîw jv lkgf~vl jîw Ŕk jv xvnlkjvl1 / okildejf gf jdov`kje~f egfjrewf jv x~fze Ŕk xvnlkjvl1 / nvcfw gkzwk`jw. :>
Zw~vjwv~e gfxe~weof`wvlvk xdewf jvx~k`gf gf le 5/> xf~zde`f le 588 />88 gf e`ceieŪk. Xdw bk Ŕk oek ovlwf xf~zde`f. Zx~f f}foxlv, Xf`wecd`vl, à` 5;=: erfe >.>88 gf zxfjkelkŔwk e`ceieŪk à` gfxe~weof`wvl gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf, ke~ Gkrkyke gf X~fzĊ e e~oewfk b~e`jfyf, à` 5;;: `voĊ~e 268 zxfjkelkŔwk. À` ofgkf, oeid~kwewfe gfxe~weof`wfld~ àŔk gfzbĊŔde~Ċ ejwkrkwewfe jv ex~d}koewkr 58 zxfjkelkŔwk.
7.5.5. Zjmfoe gf d~ce`kye~f Jvx~k`gf9 5. Őfbvl -gk~fjwd~vl+ gfxe~weof`wvlvk Ze~jk`k9 / xle`kbkjĊ Ŕk jd`gvjf x~dc~eoflf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf1 / jd`zklkeyĊ lkgf~kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / ke gfjkykk x~krk`g xdlkwkje gf jdov`kje~f e d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / egok`kzw~feyĊ xf~zd`elvl gk` gfxe~weof`w1 / zwenklfŔwf x~dc~eoflf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk nvcfwflf ejfzwd~e. >. ZxfjkelkŔwkk à` jdov`kje~f Ze~jk`k9 / zf koxlkjĊ `fokildjkw à` wdewf fwexflf Ŕk gdof`kklf x~djfzvlvk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf1 / à`wdjofzj ofzeif9 jdov`kjewf gf x~fzĊ1 zj~kzd~k1 eldjvŪkv`k1 gfjle~eŪkk1 ~exde~wf gf ejwkrkwewf. / exlkjĊ gfjkykklf jd`gvjf~kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / ~fx~fyk`wĊ d~ce`kyeŪke le gkbf~kwf frf`kof`wf1 / j~feyĊ dxd~wv`kwĊŪk gf jdov`kje~f xf`w~v d~ce`kyeŪkf. À` odg `d~oel, Ŕfbvl gfxe~weof`wvlvk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf bejf xe~wf gk` jd`gvjf~fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk e~f zwewvw gf oe`ecf~ -gk~fjwd~ zev rkjfx~fŔfgk`wf+. Fl zf eblĊ à` kofgkewe ex~dxkf~f e jd`gvjf~kk Ŕk fzwf xv~wĊwd~vl gf jvrî`w el d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Fl idejĊ v` ~dl jmfkf à` zkwveŪkk gf j~kyĊ. Őfbvl gfxe~weof`wvlvk xdewf k`w~e à` zwĊ~k jd`blkjwvelf, oek elfz à` zkwveŪkk gf j~kyĊ jv9 / Ŕfbvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk / x~fdjvxew gf x~dwfie~fe fk à` wkox jf Ŕfbvl gfxe~weof`wvlvk xv`f, à` x~ko/x x~ko/xle` le`,, x~k`jk x~k`jkxkk xkklf lf gfd`wd gfd`wdldc ldckfk kfk x~dbfz x~dbfzkd` kd`elf elf,, w~e`zx w~e`zxe~f e~f`Ūe `Ūe,, egfrĊ egfrĊ~vl ~vl,, ezvoe~ ezvoe~fe fe ~Ċzxv`gf~kk1 / Ŕfbkk gf gfxe~weof`wf 9 / iv~kg ezvx~e ~e bd~o bd~ovl vlĊ~ Ċ~kk kk v`d~ v`d~ xe~e xe~ec~ c~eb ebff je~f je~f e~ xvwf xvwfee gĊv` gĊv`ee iv~kg iv~kgkj kj iv~kgkj kj / ezvx d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / bk`e`jke~ / x~krk`g eldje~fe gf ~fzv~zf1 ~ fzv~zf1 / ~fzv~zf voe`f / x~krk`g à`jeg~e~fe jv xf~zd`el1 / oe~afwk`c Ŕk xvnlkjkwewf / xf`w~v eldje~fe gf bd`gv~k Ŕk xf~zd`el. Frkwe~fe zwĊ~kld~ jd`blkjwvelf zf xdewf ~felkye x~k` zwewve~fe xf xdykŪkk fcelf e Ŕfbkld~ gf gfxe~weof`wf, zwenklk~fe jv x~fjkykf e jekfwfld~ gf ze~jk`k, e~od`kye~fe zw~ewfckkld~ wvwv~d~ gfxe~weof`wfld~. Ere`weiflf j~fĊ~kk v`vk gfxe~weof`w gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf9 / beoklke~kye beoklke~kye~fe ~fe ofon~kld~ ofon~kld~ jv x~dnlfof x~dnlfoflf lf d~ce`kyeŪk d~ce`kyeŪkfk9 fk9 kzwd~kj, kzwd~kj, zvjjfzf, zvjjfzf, gkbkjvlwĊŪ gkbkjvlwĊŪk,k, e`cei e`ceieŪk eŪk,, jdlen jdlend~e d~ewd~ wd~k1 k1 kgf`wk kgf`wkbkj bkje~f e~fee odgelk odgelkwĊŪ wĊŪkld kld~~ jflf jflf oek fbkjkf fbkjkf`wf `wf gf ejŪkv ejŪkv`f1 `f1 cĊzk~f cĊzk~fee zdlvŪkkld~ egfjrewf xf`w~v gkrf~zf x~dnlfof1 / jdov`kje~fe à` k`wf~kd~vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk, je~f zf bejf `fokildjkw1 / gfyrdlwe~fe zxk~kwvlvk gf fjmkxĊ1 / gkzxd`knklkwewfe xf~oe`f`wĊ e zxfjkelkŔwkld~ xf`w~v ~fydlre~fe x~dnlfofld~ lfcewf gf jdov`kje~f k`wf~`Ċ zev f}wf~`Ċ1 ::
/ jdzwv~k zjĊyvwf. Fzwf oek ere`weidz zĊ lvj~fyk jv x~dx~kvl gfxe~weof`w gfjîw zĊ exflfyk le bk~of zxfjkelkyewf jv jd`w~ejwf, egfzfd~k, jdzwkzkwde~f1 Gfyere`weif9 / lkxze gf dnkfjwkrkwewf e zxfjkelkŔwkld~ je~f xdw gfrf`k .erdjeŪk. ek d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / enzf`Ūe f}xf~kf`Ūfk xdewf gvjf le lkokwe~fe zbf~fld~ gf jdoxfwf`ŪĊ1 jdoxfwf`ŪĊ1 / zvx~eà`jĊ~je~fe jv ze~jk`k ok`d~f, gf ~vwk`Ċ1 / xkf~gf~fe evwd`dokfk x~dbfzkd`elf Ŕk zwenklk~fe v`fk ~fleŪkk gf gdok`e~f/zvxv`f~f à`w~f Ŕfbvl gfxe~weof`wvlvk -zxfjkelkzwvlvk+ Ŕk Ŕfbvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / lkxze odwkreŪkfk zxfjkelkŔwkld~, à` jeyvl v`d~ gfxe~weof`wf okjk, gf x~dodre~f xf zje~e kf~e~mkfk x~dbfzkd`elf Ŕk, koxlkjkw, xlebd`e~fe ejfzwd~e.
7.5.>. Zjmfoe jeg~v e v`vk gfxe~weof`w gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf -xf`w~v d d~ce`kyeŪkf ofgkf+ 5. Gk~fjwd~ / zfj~fwe~Ċ / nk~dv egok`kzw~eŪkf Ŕk ~fzv~zf voe`f1 / dxf~ewd~ jeljvl >. Jdoxe~wkof`wf e. Zw~ewfckk Ŕk frelve~f e koeck`kk9 / Ŕfb jdoxe~wkof`w1 / zxfjkelkzw à` zw~ewfckk koeck`f1 / zxfjkelkŔwk à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk koeck`f1 / frelvewd~ koeck`f Ŕk zw~ewfckk. n. K`bd~oeŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk od`kwd~kye~fe oezz/ofgke 9 / Ŕfb jdoxe~wkof`w1 / zxfjkelkzw k`bd~oeŪkk xvnlkjf1 / fgkwd~ ^frkzwe X~fzfk, Nvlfwk` Zfo`el, elwd~ xvnlkjeŪkk1 j. ^fleŪkk jv jdov`kwewfe9 / Ŕfb jdoxe~wko koff`w1 / zxfjkelkŔwk à` ejwk wkrrkw kweewfe wfe jv d~ce ~ce`kyeŪkk xdlkwkjf Ŕk exdlkwkjf, cvrf~`eof`welf cvrf~`eof`welf Ŕk `d`cvrf~`eof`welf, `d`cvrf~`eof`welf, lkgf~k gf dxk`kf1 g. ^fleŪkk k`wf~`eŪkd`elf9 / Ŕfb jdoxe~wko koff`w1 / zxfjke zxfjkelkŔ lkŔwk wk xf`w~v xf`w~v k`bd~o k`bd~oe~f e~fee à` ofgkk ofgkk k`wf~`e k`wf~`eŪkd Ūkd`el `elff Ŕk fgkwd~k fgkwd~k xf`w~ xf`w~vv x~fze à` lkonk k`wf~`eŪkd`elf1 f. K`bd~oe~f k`wf~`Ċ9 / Ŕfb jdoxe~wko koff`w1 / fgkw fgkwd~ d~ nvlf nvlfwk wk`` k`bd k`bd~o ~oew ewkr kr11 / zxfjke zxfjkelkŔ lkŔwk wk à` od`k od`kwd~ wd~kye kye~fe ~fe à`gf à`gfxlk xlk`k~ `k~kk kk gfjky gfjkykkld kkld~. ~. Jdoxe~wkof`wflf xdw bk9 / zfjŪkk1 / nk~dv~k1 / zxfjkelkŔwk1 / jd`zklkf~k À` zkwveŪkk gf j~kyĊ gf koeck`f zev xf`w~v d~ce`kye~fe v`d~ frf`kof`wf gfdzfnkwf, gfxe~weof`wvl zf xdewf w~e`zbd~oe à` Jf`w~v gf X~fzĊ
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7.>. Jf`w~vl gf X~fzĊ
e. Ŕfb Jf`w~v gf X~fzĊ9 / zfj~fwe~Ċ1 / dxf~ewd~ jeljvlewd~. n. Jdoxe~wkof`w x~fzĊ9 / Ŕfb jdoxe~wkof`w1 / zxfjkelkŔwk9 / e`elkye x~fzfk1 / x~fzĊ k`wf~`eŪkd`elĊ1 / x~dc~eoe~f Ŕk ejwkrkwĊŪk jv x~fze1 / à`zdŪk~f RKX1 / jdlend~ewd~k djeykd`elk. j. Jdoxe~wkof`w x~dgvjŪkf9 / Ŕfb jdoxe~wkof`w1 / zxfjkelkŔwk ~fgejwe~f x~fzĊ Ŕk kox~koewf1 / zxfjkelkzw gdjvof`we~f1 / zxfjkelkŔwk lend~ewd~ rkgfd/bdwd. g. Jdoxe~wkof`w egok`kzw~ewkr9 / Ŕfb jdoxe~wkof`w1 / zxfjkelkzw x~kok~f Ŕk ej~fgkwe~f yke~kŔwk1 / w~egvjĊwd~k1 / zxfjkelkŔwk à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk oe~afwk`c1 / zxfjkelkzw à` jeljvlewde~f Ŕk wflfbd`kf.
7.>.5. Ew~knvŪkklf Jf`w~vlvk gf X~fzĊ 5. Bv~`kyfe Bv~`kyfeyĊ yĊ x~fzfk x~fzfk Ŕwk~k, Ŕwk~k, bdwd bdwd Ŕk wf}w, wf}w, gfzx~ gfzx~ff d~ce`kye d~ce`kyeŪkf1 Ūkf1 >. ^Ċzxv ^Ċzxv`gf `gf à`w à`w~fn ~fnĊ~k Ċ~kld~ ld~ x~fzfk x~fzfk11 :. Ezkc Ezkcv~ v~ĊĊ à`zd à`zdŪk Ūk~f ~fee yke~ yke~kŔ kŔwk wkld ld~~ Ŕk bejk bejklk lkwf wfey eyĊĊ ejjf ejjfzv zvll ejfz ejfzwd wd~e ~e le ok okil ilde dejf jflf lf gf jdov`kje~f Ŕk k`bd~oe~f1 7. X~fcĊw X~fcĊwfŔ fŔwf wf Ŕk Ūk`f Ūk`f Jd`bf Jd`bf~k` ~k`Ūf Ūf gf x~fz x~fzĊ1 Ċ1 6. Ezkcv~Ċ Ezkcv~Ċ fgkwe~f fgkwe~fee Ŕk gkbvye gkbvye~fe ~fe oewf~ke oewf~kelfld~ lfld~ x~dod x~dodŪkd`e Ūkd`elf1 lf1 2. Od`kw Od`kwd~k d~kyfe yfeyĊ yĊ Ŕk rf~kbk rf~kbkjĊ jĊ Ŕwk~klf Ŕwk~klf gf x~fzĊ x~fzĊ Ŕk k`bd~o k`bd~ofe feyĊ yĊ jd`gvjf~ jd`gvjf~fe fe jv flfof`wf flfof`wflf lf gfdzfnkwf1 3. Ůk`f k`f lfc lfcĊwv~e wv~e jv wde wdewf d~c d~ce`ky e`kyeŪ eŪkk kklf lf gf je~f gfxk` xk`gf nv`e v`e gfzb gfzbĊĊŔv~e Ŕv~e~f ~f e frf`kof`wvlvk1 =. À`wd À`wdjo jofŔ fŔwf wf nkle nkle`Ū `Ūvl vl gf frel frelve ve~f ~f e ejwk ejwkrk rkwĊ wĊŪkk Ūkk Jf`w Jf`w~v ~vlv lvkk gf X~fz X~fzĊĊ Ŕk à`wd à`wdjo jofŔ fŔwf wf x~dxv`f~k xf`w~v jd`gvjf~fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 ;. Xf`w~v Xf`w~v frf`kof`w frf`kof`wff gf oek okjĊ eoxlde~f eoxlde~f zf d~ce`ky d~ce`kyfeyĊ feyĊ Nk~dvl Nk~dvl gf X~fzĊ je~f je~f e~f v` `voĊ~ `fjfze~ Ŕk zvbkjkf`w gf jdoxe~wkof`wf zev zxfjkelkŔwk xf`w~v zewkzbejf~fe jf~k`Ūfld~ gf jdov`kje~f elf frf`kof`wvlvk. 58. Le bk`elvl frf`kof`wv frf`kof`wvlvk lvk Jf`w~vl gf X~fzĊ X~fzĊ d~ce`kyfeyĊ d~ce`kyfeyĊ,, gf ~fcvlĊ, d Jd`bf~k`ŪĊ Jd`bf~k`ŪĊ gf x~fzĊ. 55. GvxĊ à`jfwe~fe à`jfwe~fe frf`kof`w frf`kof`wvlvk vlvk jf e bĊjvw dnkfjwvl dnkfjwvl à`bkk`ŪĊ~k à`bkk`ŪĊ~kkk lvk, Jf`w~vl gf X~fzĊ zf gfzbkk`ŪfeyĊ, ke~ zxfjkelkŔwkk ~frk` le rfjmklf ew~knvŪkk.
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7.:. K`zwkwvŪke xv~wĊwd~vlvk gf jvrî`w
e. Gfbk`kŪkf Őfbvl Őfbvl Gfxe~w Gfxe~weof eof`wv `wvlvk lvk gf ^fleŪ ^fleŪkk kk Xvnlkj Xvnlkjff fzwf, fzwf, gf ~fcvlĊ ~fcvlĊ,, xv~wĊw xv~wĊwd~v d~vll gf jvrî` jvrî`ww el d~ce d~ce`k `kye yeŪk Ūkfk fk.. Xd Xdew ewff bk, bk, à`zĊ à`zĊ,, Ŕk Ŕfbv Ŕfbvll Nk~d Nk~dvl vlvk vk gf X~fz X~fzĊĊ zev zev d elwĊ elwĊ xf~z xf~zde de`Ċ `Ċ zwen zwenkl klkw kwĊĊ gf jd`gvjĊwd~vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk xf`w~v e/l ~fx~fyf`we à` ~fleŪkklf jv x~fze, xf~oe`f`w zev xf wkoxvl à` je~f zf xfw~fj e`vokwf frf`kof`wf gfdzfnkwf. Xv~wĊwd~vl gf jvrî`w fzwf d xf~zde`Ċ xvnlkjĊ k`rfzwkwĊ jv x~f~dcewkrf zxfjkelf Ŕk ~fx~fyk`wĊ, à` d~kjf odof`w, xf lkgf~vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk ewkwvgk`fe dbkjkelĊ e ejfzwfke à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv jmfzwkv`klf, gf d~gk` cf`f~el zev zxfjkbkj, zdlkjkwewf gf iv~`elkŔwk. K`zwkwvŪke Xv~wĊwd~vlvk gf jvrî`w fzwf jf~vwĊ gf9 / ko koxd xdzk zknk nklk lkwe wewf wfee jd`g jd`gvj vjĊw Ċwd~ d~vl vlvk vk d~ce d~ce`k `kye yeŪk Ūkfk fk gf e bk xf~o xf~oe` e`f` f`ww le gkzx gkzxdy dykŪ kŪke ke iv~`elkŔwkld~1 / v`vk jd`gvjĊwd~ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf `v k zf jf~ jv `fjfzkwewf enklkwĊŪk gf jdov`kje~f1 / à` e`vokwf zkwveŪkk `fjle~kbkjewf zvbkjkf`w xdewf gfjle~e jĊ `v jv`deŔwf à`jĊ xv`jwvl gf rfgf~f el jd`gvjf~kk zev xdewf clkze zx~f v` ~Ċzxv`z oek xvŪk` w~e`Ŕe`w1 / jd`gvjĊwd~vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk fzwf bf~kw gf bf`dof`vl gf f~dge~f e koeck`kk Ŕk xdewf exĊ~fe `voek à` odof`wflf gfdzfnkwf, à` je~f re e`ceie, x~k` x~fzwkckvl zĊv, koeck`fe Ŕk ~f`voflf ejfzwfke. n. À`zvŔk~k9 / zĊ jv`dezjĊ nk`f wdewf ezxfjwflf lfcewf gf ejwkrkwewfe d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / zĊ jv`dezjĊ dnkfjwkrflf Ŕk zw~ewfckklf d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / zĊ eknĊ enklkwĊŪk gf f}x~koe~f jle~ Ŕk jd`rk`cĊwd~1 / zĊ zf nvjv~f gf à`j~fgf~fe jd`gvjf~kk xf`w~v e erfe ck~vl, jv e`wkjkxeŪkf, el lkgf~vlvk1 / zĊ eknĊ d rdjf ~egkdbd`kjĊ, à`bĊŪkŔe~f xlĊjvwĊ, f}xf~kf`Ūe rd~nk~kk à` xvnlkj, rkwfyĊ gf ~fejŪkf, jexejkwewfe gf e/Ŕk zwĊxî`k fodŪkklf à` zkwveŪkk j~kwkjf1 / zĊ bkf xf~zde`e jfe oek jdoxfwf`wĊ, bĊ~Ċ x~fivgfjĊŪk gf zf} zev rî~zwĊ1 / zĊ x~fyk`wf9 / EVWD^KWEWF, / J^FGKNKLKWEWF, / BE^OFJ XF^ZD@EL j. Ew~knvŪkk9 / zĊ Ŕwkf zĊ e`wkjkxfyf jf gd~fzj iv~`elkŔwkk zĊ eblf xf`w~v e ge k`bd~oeŪkklf jf~vwf bĊ~Ċ e zf lĊze x~k`z à` jexje`e à`w~fnĊ~kld~ à`j~vjkŔewf1 / zĊ jv`dezjĊ x~fdjvxĊ~klf e`wf~kde~f elf iv~`elkŔwkld~, yd`e ld~ wfoewkjĊ, ewkwvgk`fe ld~ beŪĊ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / zĊ rd~nfezjĊ gk` xv`jwvl gf rfgf~f el k`bd~oeŪkkld~ xvnlkjf Ŕk `v el k`wf~fzfld~ Ŕk x~fdjvxĊ~kld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / zĊ `v bkf xezkr9 zĊ x~drdejf zev zĊ zvcf~fyf à`w~fnĊ~k Ŕk zĊ Ŕwkf e zw~fjv~e k`bd~oeŪkk, jmke~ à` ebe~e à`w~fnĊ~kld~ iv~`elkŔwkld~, gejĊ k`wf~fzflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk d jf~1 / zĊ `v bkf gfbf`zkr9 gfbf`zkr9 à`w~fnĊ~klf à`w~fnĊ~klf zv`w x~klfiv~k x~klfiv~k gf e x~fyf`we x~fyf`we d~ce`kye d~ce`kyeŪke Ūke Ŕk `v e k`bk~oe k`bk~oe zev jd`bk~oe xĊ~f~fe iv~`elkzwvlvk1 / zĊ Ŕwkf zĊ voe`kyfyf ~Ċzxv`zv~klf gî`gv/lf `dwe xf~zd`elĊ1 / zĊ Ŕwkf zĊ w~fejĊ vŔd~ gf le ezxfjwflf `fcewkrf le jflf xdykwkrf1 / zĊ eknĊ enklkwewfe gf e xleze jflf oek koxd~we`wf k`bd~oeŪkk le à`jfxvwvl ofzeivlvk1 / zĊ gfe ~Ċzxv`zv~k gk~fjwf, bĊ~Ċ f}ecf~Ċ~k, bĊ~Ċ x~kxfelĊ Ŕk bĊ~Ċ ec~fzkrkwewf1 / zĊ `v ~Ċzxv`gĊ le à`w~fnĊ~klf le je~f `v gfŪk`f k`bd~oeŪkk ge~ zĊ zf e`ceifyf jĊ lf re xv`f le gkzxdykŪkf à` jfl oek zjv~w wkox xdzknkl. / zĊ frkwf x~fwf}wflf zev gkreceŪkklf1 / zĊ/Ŕk xĊzw~fyf jelovl jmke~ à` zkwveŪke jî`g v` iv~`elkzw ~fjv~cf le x~drdjĊ~k. :2
Xv~wĊwd~vl gf jvrî`w zf eblĊ à`w~/d ~fleŪkf gf jdlend~e~f Ŕk ~fzxfjw ~fjkx~dj jv iv~`elkŔwkk Ŕk `v gf dzwklkwewf, eokjkŪkf zev jd`bkgf`Ūkelkwewf. Xv~wĊwd~vl gf jvrî`w, x~drf`kw gk` ~î`gvl iv~`elkŔwkld~, zfzkyfeyĊ ~fxfgf ezxfjwflf lfcewf gf `dve xdzwv~Ċ Ŕk e~f enklkwĊŪklf enklkwĊŪklf `fjfze~f `fjfze~f gf e zf jdoxd~we jdoxd~we beŪĊ gf ejfŔwke. ejfŔwke. Fl fzwf x~k`jkxele x~k`jkxele zv~zĊ gf k`bd~oe~f e iv~`elkŔwkld~ Ŕk, wdwdgewĊ, koeck`fe ejjfzknklĊ, jd`j~fwĊ e d~ce`kyeŪkfk.
7.7. Bk~oflf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf
Dbf~Ċ zf~rkjkk jvo e~ bk9 / ejwkrkwĊŪk gf jf~jfwe~f xf`w~v zwenklk~fe gkbf~kwfld~ jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj zev xf`w~v kgf`wkbkje~fe x~dnlfofld~ gf jdov`kje~f à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv d d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / xle`kbkje~fe, koxlfof`we~fe, frelve~fe jeoxe`kkld~ gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf1 / x~fcĊwk~fe ofzeifld~ gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf9 oewf~kelf zj~kzf, evgkdrkyvelf, d~elf1 / ezkcv~e~fe v`d~ zfzkv`k gf w~ek`k`c à` gdof`kvl ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf xf`w~v fjmkxflf oe`ecf~kelf1 / d~ce`kye~fe ~fleŪkfk jv oezz/ofgke 1 / d~ce`kye~fe gf frf`kof`wf gf x~fzĊ1 / zwenklk~fe zw~ewfckkld~ gf x~dodre~f e v`d~ x~dgvzf zev zf~rkjkk1 / jd`zklkf~fe v`d~ oe`ecf~k à` jffe jf x~krfŔwf jdov`kje~f1 / dbf~k~fe gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zxfjkelkyewf xf e`vokwf gdof`kk1 / cfzwkd`e~fe zkwveŪkkld~ gf j~kyĊ1 X~koe bk~oĊ gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf e bdzw à`bkk`ŪewĊ le Ndzwd` à` e`vl 5;88, flf gfyrdlwî`gv/ zf ~exkg, gewd~kwĊ jf~f~kk gf k`bd~oeŪkf, eoxlkbkjĊ~kk ~dlvlvk oezz/ofgke , fwj. X~ejwkjkf`kk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf `v oek ~Ċzxv`g le à`w~fne~fe jvo zĊ zxv` jf r~fev zĊ zxv`4. jk, le à`w~fne~fe .jf zĊ bej xf`w~v e/ok ewk`cf zjdxvl4. Ere`weiflf bdldzk~kk zf~rkjkkld~ bk~ofld~ gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf9 / ezkcv~Ċ jd`wejwf le yk jv lkgf~kk gf dxk`kf ek odof`wvlvk1 / j~fgknklkwewfe bk~ofk xdewf ezkcv~e j~fgknklkwewfe d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / ejjfzvl le d re~kfwewf gf f}xf~Ūk je~f, elwbfl, e~ bk x~fe jdzwkzkwd~k1 / jdzwv~k jd`rf`enklf1 / e`elkyf dnkfjwkrf1 / blf}knklkwewf1 @v f}kzwĊ d d~ce`kye~f zwe`ge~g xf`w~v bk~oflf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf. V`flf bk~of bvykd`feyĊ jv ecf`Ūkklf gf xvnlkjkwewf. Xlewe zf xdewf bejf9 jv d~e, lv`e~, zev xf x~dkfjw
7.6. Zxfjkelkzwvl à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf
rkyewf1
e. Ze~jk`k / zĊ dnŪk`Ċ Ŕk zĊ xĊzw~fyf d koeck`f xdykwkrĊ xf`w~v d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / zĊ jîŔwkcf à`j~fgf~fe xvnlkjvlvk à` ejfe d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / zĊ dnŪk`Ċ ewf`Ūke oezz/ofgke 1 / zĊ k`blvf`Ūfyf, ewv`jk jî`g fzwf jeyvl ewkwvgk`klf xvnlkjvlvk beŪĊ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / zĊ w~e`zokwĊ jîw oek ovlwf oewf~kelf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf gkrf~zfld~ jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj,
/ zĊ jd`w~knvkf le j~fŔwf~fe bkgflkwĊŪkk, od~elkwĊŪkk Ŕk odwkreŪkfk ofon~kld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / zĊ àonv`ĊwĊŪfezjĊ àonv`ĊwĊŪfezjĊ jdov`kje~fe k`wf~`Ċ1 / zĊ kgf`wkbkjf jd~fjw x~dnlfoflf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk zĊ cĊzfezjĊ jflf oek nv`f zdlvŪkk xf`w~v ~fydlre~fe ejfzwd~e1
:3
n. JelkwĊŪk9 / zdjkenklkwewfe9 zĊ xdewĊ zwenklk jv vŔv~k`ŪĊ jd`wejwf voe`f, zĊ `v bkf xf~zde`f wkokgf, e~dce`wf zev fodwkrf1 / wejwvl9 w~fnvkf zĊ gfe gdregĊ gf ~Ċnge~f, eoenklkwewf, zkoŪvl vod~vlvk, enklkwewfe gf e jfge à` v`flf x~krk`Ūf, gf e `v bk ~kckyk1 / ofod~ke Ŕk jexejkwewfe gf e ~fŪk`f `vof, bexwf, bkcv~k1 / x~fyf`ŪĊ gf zxk~kw, k`wvkŪkf, koeck`eŪkf à` ~fydlre~fe v`d~ zkwveŪkk `fx~frĊyvwf1 `fx~frĊyvwf1 / ~exkgkwewf à` cî`gk~f Ŕk à` lve~fe gfjkykkld~1 / jexejkwewf gf e`elkyĊ Ŕk zk`wfyĊ1 / zkoŪ gf d~ce`kye~f1 / d`fzwkwewf, jd~fjwkwvgk`f, dnkfjwkrkwewf1 / enklkwĊŪk gf jdov`kje~f zj~kzĊ zev d~elĊ1 / jexejkwew jexejkwewfe fe gf e x~fyf`we x~fyf`we zkoxlv, jle~, jle~, à`w~/v` lkonei ejjfzknkl, ejjfzknkl, xvnlkjvlv xvnlkjvlvkk le~c, kgfk, zev ofzeif zxfjkbkjf gkrf~zfld~ gdof`kk Ŕk lkoneif zxfjkelkyewf1 / xvwf~f gf ov`jĊ Ŕk jexejkwewf gf e bk gkzxd`knkl le d~kjf d~Ċ1 vŔv~k`Ūe gf e zf egexwe x~dc~eofld~ gf ov`jĊ `f~fcvlewf. Xf lî`cĊ ejfzwf jelkwĊŪk, zxfjkelkzwvl à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf w~fnvkf zĊ eknĊ d nv`Ċ x~fcĊwk~f wfd~fwkjĊ wfd~fwkjĊ Ŕk d jvlwv~Ċ jvlwv~Ċ cf`f~elĊ cf`f~elĊ zdlkgĊ. Gf ejffe ejffe fzwf koxd~we`w koxd~we`w zĊ v~ofyf jv~zv~k à` gdof`kvl gdof`kvl jdov`kjĊ~kk, iv~`elkzovlvk, zĊ eknĊ jv`dŔwk`Ūf à` oe`ecfof`w, fjd`dokf, ~fzv~zf voe`f. W~fnvkf zĊ zwĊxî`fezjĊ jfl xvŪk` d lkonĊ zw~Ċk`Ċ. À` xlvz, xlvz, jfk jfk jf z/ev z/ev zxfj zxfjkel kelkye kyeww à` ~fleŪk ~fleŪkklf klf xvnlkj xvnlkjff zfjwd~ zfjwd~kel kelff / bk`e`j bk`e`jke~ ke~/ne` /ne`je~ je~f, f, fjd`do fjd`dokf, kf, cvrf~` cvrf~`eof eof`we `welf, lf, xdlkwk xdlkwkjf, jf, egok` egok`kzw kzw~ew ~ewkrf krf fwj / w~fnv w~fnvkf kf zĊ xdzfg xdzfgff jv`dŔw jv`dŔwk`Ū k`Ūflf flf zxfjkbkjf ejfzwd~ gdof`kk.
:=
Jexkwdlvl 6 JEOXE@KE GF ^FLEŮKK XVNLKJF 6.5. End~gĊ~k jd`jfxwvelf Jeoxe`ke gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf -gvxĊ ^dnf~w Af`gel+ ~fx~fyk`wĊ fbd~wvl zvzŪk`vw gf d d~ce`kyeŪkf xf`w~v e jd`zw~vk ~fleŪkk zdjkelf gfo`f gf à`j~fgf~f erî`g g~fxw zjdx ewk`cf~fe e`vokw e`vokwd~ d~ dnkfj dnkfjwkr wkrf, f, fbd~w fbd~w neyew neyew xf exlkje exlkje~fe ~fe v`d~ v`d~ zw~ewf zw~ewfckk ckk gf jdov` jdov`kje kje~f ~f Ŕk frelve frelve~f ~f e 5 ~fyvlwewfld~ dnŪk`vwf . Gdvc @fszd` Ŕk Ele` Zjdww x~dxv` d elwĊ gfbk`kŪkf9 jeoxe`kklf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zv`w fbd~wv~k eoxlf, jdd~gd`ewf Ŕk d~kf`wewf jĊw~f ~felkye~fe v`d~ dnkfjwkrf zxfjkbkjf zev e v`d~ e`zeonlv~k gf dnkfjwkrf jd~flewf, je~f rd~ xf~okwf v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk zĊ/Ŕk ewk`cĊ Ūflv~klf bk}ewf je gfjle~eŪkf gf x~k`jkxkk >. À` eonflf gfbk`kŪkk zf dnzf~rĊ f}kzwf`Ūe v`d~ jvrk`wf jmfkf jvo e~ bk9 dnkfjwkrf, zjdxv~k, gfjle~eŪkf gf x~k`jkxkk, jvrk`wf xf je~f, zvjjk`w lf xvwfo gfbk`k ezwbfl9 / Zjdxv~klf ~fx~fyk`wĊ ~fyvlwewflf cldnelf xf je~f d d~ce`kyeŪkf àŔk x~dxv`f zĊ lf dnŪk`Ċ x~k` ejwkrkwĊŪklf xf je~f lf gfzbĊŔde~Ċ1 zv`w ejŪkv ejŪkv`k `k Ŕk fwexf fwexf zxfjkb zxfjkbkjf kjf je~f je~f oĊzde oĊzde~Ċ ~Ċ x~dc~f x~dc~fzfl zflff bĊjvwf bĊjvwf à` / Dnkfjwkrflf zv`w ewk`cf~fe zjdxv~kld~1 flf w~fnvkf zĊ egvjĊ d jd`w~knvŪkf zfo`kbkjewkrĊ à` gkrf~zf fwexf gf wkox le ~felkye~fe zjdxv~kld~1 dnkfjwkrflf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf bde~wf jd`j~fwf Ŕk zĊ xdewĊ bk oĊzv~ewf Ŕk à`jeg~ewf à` wkox. Zx~f f}foxlv, d d~ce`kyeŪkf je~kwenklĊ àŔk x~dxv`f je zjdx eivwd~e~fe jdxkkld~ jv me`gkjex ldjdodwd~1 x~k`w~f dnkfjwkrflf gf à`gf à`gfxl xlk` k`kw kw xf`w xf`w~v ~v ewk` ewk`cf cf~f ~fee zjdx zjdxvl vlvk vk e~ xvwf xvwfee bk9 jd`z jd`zw~ w~vk vk~f ~fee v`vk v`vk jf`w jf`w~v ~v gf ~fjvxf ~fjvxf~e~ ~e~ff egfjr egfjrew, ew, d~ce`k d~ce`kye ye~fe ~fe v`d~ v`d~ ejwkr ejwkrkwĊ kwĊŪk Ūk ~fjvxf ~fjvxf~ew ~ewd~kk d~kk,, à`jeg à`jeg~e~ ~e~fe fe v`vk v`vk xf~zd`el xf~zd`el jdoxfwf` jdoxfwf`w,w, x~fcĊwk~fe x~fcĊwk~fe jdxkkld~ jdxkkld~ xf`w~v xf`w~v gkrf~zf gkrf~zf x~dbfzkk, x~dbfzkk, jdoxewknk jdoxewknklf lf jv me`gkjexvl xf je~f àl ev, w~kokwf~fe jdxkkld~ à` wenf~f gf reje`ŪĊ1 xf`w~v ewk`cf~fe ejfzwd~ dnkfjwkrf d~ce`kyeŪke re x~dodre, x~k`w~f elwflf, d jeoxe`kf gf zw~î`cf~f gf bd`gv~kld~ Ŕk e v`fk jeoxe`kk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf xf`w~v zf`zknklkye~fe dxk`kfk xvnlkjf. / Gfj Gfjle~eŪ e~eŪkke gf x~ x~k`jk `jkxkk fzwf jd`zwkwvkwĊ gf v` wf}w zjv~w à` je~f zv`w x~fyf`wewf reld~k ld~klf lf oei oeid~f d~f elf v`fk `fk d~ce ~ce`ky `kyeŪkk, Ūkk, zjd zjdxv~k xv~klf lf xf je~f lf e~f, ~f, ldj ldjvl Ŕk ~fzxd`zenklkwewfe fk à`w~f jflflelwf d~ce`kyeŪkk ezfoĊ`Ċwde~f Ŕk à` zdjkfwewf à` cf`f~el. Gfjle~eŪkklf gf x~k`jkxkk jd`Ūk` e`ceieof`wf xvnlkjf ~fbf~kwde~f le dnlkceŪkklf jkrkjf Ŕk ~fzxd`zenklkwĊŪklf zdjkelf elf d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Flf f}x~koĊ kgfelv~klf Ŕk reld~klf je~f k`zxk~Ċ d d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk dbf~Ċ d gk~fjŪkf Ŕk zf`z ejwkrkwĊŪkk ejfzwfke. Zk`wecoe Zk`wecoe ~fleŪkk ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf xvnlkjf exe~f egfzfe à` ezdjkeŪkf jv wf~of`k jvo e~ bk9 frf`kof`w, x~dc~eo, jeoxe`kf, wf~of`k xf je~f àk gfbk`ko ezwbfl9 / Frf`kof`w ‚ à`wîoxle~f gf zjv~wĊ gv~ewĊ je~f djvxĊ v` k`wf~rel gf wkox x~fjkz Ŕk rkyfeyĊ v`vl zev oek ovlwf xvnlkjv~k, nk`f gfwf~ok`ewf1 frf`kof`wvl xdewf k`jlvgf dnkfjwkrf zxfj zxfjkb kbkj kjff gf oek oek ok okjĊ jĊ e`rf e`rf~c ~cv~ v~ĊĊ Ŕk jv je~e je~ejw jwf~ f~ xv`j xv`jwv wvel el.. F}fo F}foxl xlff gf frf` frf`ko kof` f`wf wf gk` gk` xf~ xf~zx zxfj fjwk wkre re ~fle ~fleŪk Ūkkl kld~ d~ xvnl xvnlkj kjf9 f9 e`kr e`krf~ f~ze ze~f ~fee v`fk v`fk d~ce d~ce`k `kye yeŪkk Ūkk,, ne`j ne`jmf mfww à` d`de d`de~f ~fee v`fk v`fk xf~zd`elkwĊŪk, rkykwe gf x~fzĊ le `dve k`rfzwkŪkf e v`fk bk~of, d zkwveŪkf cf`f~ewde~f gf j~kyĊ fwj. / Jeoxe`kf ‚ zf jdoxv`f gk`w~/d zvoĊ gf frf`kof`wf zev elwf ejŪkv`k zxfjkbkjf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf1 dnkfjwkrflf fk zv`w oek le~ck Ŕk koxlkjĊ d ceoĊ le~cĊ gf jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj1 zf à`wk`gf xf d xf~kdegĊ oek oe~f, fzwf gflkokwewĊ à` wkox, gfjk e~f v` à`jfxvw Ŕk v` zbî~Ŕkw nk`f x~fjkyew. 5 >
^dnf~w Af`gell, Xvnlkj ^flewkd`z Jeoxekc` Zw~ewfckfz, Me~xf~ Jdllk`z Xvnlkzmf~z, @fs [d~a, 5;;>, x.:. Gdvc @fszd`, Ele` Zjdww, Wmkz kz X^, Segsd~wm Xvnl. Jdox., Nflod`w, 5;;:, x. 737. :;
/ X~dc~eo ‚ fzwf bd~oew gk` oek ovlwf frf`kof`wf Ŕk ejŪkv`k gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf, ge~ e~f wf~of` jle~ gf bk`elkye~f1 xf~kdgkj xdewf bk ~frĊyvw Ŕk odgkbkjew1 dnkfjwkrflf zelf ev d e`rf~cv~Ċ oek oe~f Ŕk rkyfeyĊ x~dnlfof jv v` c~eg oek oe~f gf cf`f~elkye~f. Jv wdewf jĊ gkbf~f`Ūflf gk`w~f jeoxe`kf Ŕk x~dc~eo `v zv`w à`wdwgfev`e nk`f x~fjkyewf, jflf gdvĊ jd`jfxwf ev v`flf ~fxf~f zxfjkbkjf. X~dc~eovl zf gfzbĊŔde~Ċ jd`wk`vv à` rkeŪe v`fk d~ce`kyeŪkk, gf ~fcvlĊ xf gv~ewf oe~k gf wkox, xf jî`g jeoxe`ke fzwf jd`jfxvwĊ xf d xf~kdegĊ lkokwewĊ -d lv`Ċ, Ŕezf lv`k, v` e`+, e~f v` à`jfxvw Ŕk v` zbî~Ŕkw jle~, bexw jf xf~okwf frelve~fe oek f}ejwĊ e fbfjwfld~ fk. Xf`w~v ewk`cf~fe dnkfjwkrfld~ jf Ŕk lf/e x~dxvz, d d~ce`kyeŪkf xdewf exfle le wdewf jflf w~fk wkxv~k gf ejwkrkwewf, zev `voek le ejflfe xf je~f lf jd`zkgf~Ċ egfjrewf. Ejfzwf x~djfzf `v zf f}jlvg ~fjkx~dj9 v` x~dc~eo zf xdewf gfzbĊŔv~e zkovlwe` jv d jeoxe`kf, jv elwf jvrk`wf, d~ce`kyeŪke re bejf jdov`kje~f k`wf~`Ċ Ŕk re ~Ċzxv`gf zdlkjkwĊ~kld~ x~fzfk jmke~ gejĊ à` xe~elfl zf rd~ gfzbĊŔv~e Ŕk elwf ejwkrkwĊŪk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf1 à` ejfleŔk wkox v` frf`kof`w xdewf zĊ bkf d~ce`kyew xf xe~jv~zvl gf~vlĊ~kk v`vk x~dc~eo zev jeoxe`kk. > :
>. J~kwf~kk gf jlezkbkje~f GvxĊ GvxĊ gv~e gv~ewĊ wĊ99 / gf lv`c lv`cĊĊ gv~e gv~ewĊ wĊ11 / gf zjv~wĊ gv~ewĊ. GvxĊ jd`Ūk`vw9 / jv wfof gf oe~f eoxlde~f1 / jv wfof lkokwewf. GvxĊ xvnlkjvl Ūk`wĊ9 / xf`w~v xvnlkjvl k`wf~`1 / xf`w~v xvnlkj f}wf~` ~fzw~î`z1 / xf`w~v oe~k jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj. GvxĊ dnkfjwkrf9 / zw~ewfckjf1 / wejwkjf.
:. Dnkfjwkrf Ŕk ze~jk`k V` dnkfjwkr zf ~fbf~Ċ à`wdwgfev`e le v` xvnlkj Ūk`wĊ Ŕk rkyfeyĊ, à` cf`f~el, d j~fŔwf~f zev d zjĊgf~f `vof~kjĊ e ejfzwvke d~k d odgkbkje~f e jdoxd~weof`wvlvk zĊv. À` zwenklk~fe zwenklk~fe dnkfjwkrfl dnkfjwkrfld~ d~ v`fk jeoxe`kk jeoxe`kk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf xvnlkjf zf re dxwe xf`w~v xf`w~v v`e gk`w~f : v~oĊwde~flf w~fk ze~jk`k 9 Jv`deŔwf~fe9 xvnlkjvl `v jv`deŔwf x~dgvzvl zev zf~rkjkvl. W~fnvkf ejŪkd`ew xf`w~v k`bd~oe~fe ejfzwvke à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv f}kzwf`Ūe x~dgvzvlvk zev zf~rkjkvlvk bĊjî`g exfl le ~eŪkv`fe Ŕk koeck`eŪke ze. Ewkwvgk`fe9 xvnlkjvl jv`deŔwf x~dgvzvl zev zf~rkjkvl ge~ fzwf xdzknkl zĊ `v/k xlejĊ. Zf re ejŪkd`e xf`w~v à`lĊwv~e~fe ewkwvgk`kk `fcewkrf Ŕk zwkovle~fe ewkwvgk`kk xdykwkrf e ejfzwvke. Fzwf `fjfze~ e zf frelve x~djf`wvl gf dzwklkwewf, gf kc`d~e~f, k`gkbf~f`ŪĊ zev ewkwvgk`klf xdykwkrf, x~fbf~f`Ūkelf, gf bkgflkwewf. Jdoxd~weof`wvl 9 xvnlkjvl jv`deŔwf x~dgvzvl, ejfzwe àk fzwf xf xlej, ge~ `v/l jvoxĊ~Ċ. Re w~fnvk gfjk zĊ/l jd`rk`cfo zĊ jvoxf~f x~dgvzvl zev zĊ bdldzfezjĊ zf~rkjkvl dbf~kw, zĊ egf~f le jevye x~dxvzĊ, zĊ w~fejĊ le ejŪkv`f. Fzwf vŔd~ gf gfgvz bexwvl jĊ xvnlkjv~klf Ūk`wĊ ev `krflv~k gkbf~kwf gf jv`deŔwf~f, ewkwvgk`f Ŕk jdoxd~weof`w. À` jeg~vl bd~ovlĊ~kk dnkfjwkrvlvk, à` g~fxwvl bkfjĊ~fk Ūk`wf gf ewk`z re w~fnvk zĊ zf x~fjkyfyf ze~jk`e zxfjkbkjĊ gf à`gfxlk`kw. Ze~j Ze~jk` k`kl klff gf à`gf à`gfxl xlk` k`kw kw jd~f jd~fzx zxv` v`gg jfld jfld~~ w~fk w~fk `krf `krflv lv~k ~k99 jdc` jdc`kw kwkr kr,, ewkw ewkwvg vgk` k`el el Ŕk jdoxd~weof`wel. F}kzwĊ jmke~ v` ej~d`ko je~f ~fgĊ ejfzwf ze~jk`k x~dxvzf. Fzwf rd~ne gf jvrî`wvl EKGE, bd~oew gk` x~koflf lkwf~f elf jvrk`wfld~ je~f gfzj~kv ze~jk`klf gf à`gfxlk`kw9 / E ew~ecf Ewf`Ūke / JV@DEŐWF^F :
Nf~`e~g Gecf`ekz, Jeoxe`ke gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf, Fgkwv~e Xdlk~do, KeŔk >88:, x. 5;;. 78
/ E zvzjkwe K`wf~fzvl / EWKWVGK@F / E zwî~`k Gd~k`Ūe / EWKWVGK@F / E x~drdje EjŪkv`fe / JDOXD^WEOF@W Ewf`Ūk Ewf`Ūkee ~fx~fy ~fx~fyk`w k`wĊĊ `dwd~k `dwd~kfwe fwewfe wfe11 k`w k`wf~f f~fzvl zvl Ŕk gd~k`Ū gd~k`Ūee à`zfeo à`zfeo`Ċ `Ċ xf~jf xf~jfxŪk xŪkee xdykwk xdykwkrĊ1 rĊ1 ejŪkv`fe zf ~fbf~Ċ le jvoxĊ~e~f zev egfykv`f. Jd`zwe Jd`zwe`wk `wk`` Ldvcer Ldvcerd{ d{ Ŕk Gf`kz Gf`kz Mvkzoe Mvkzoe`, `, gdk evwd~k evwd~k b~e`j b~e`jfyk fyk,, x~dxv` x~dxv` d end~g end~ge~f e~f xk~eokgelĊ xf`w~v gfzj~kf~fe fwexfld~ jd~fzxv`yĊwde~f v`d~ zjmkonĊ~k elf jdoxd~weof`wvlvk xvnlkjvlvk7.
EjfezwĊ zjmfoĊ e~ewĊ jĊ k`bd~oe~fe -5+ fzwf jd`gkŪke fzf`ŪkelĊ xf`w~v fwexe `voĊ~vl ->+, jdov`kje~fe, ke~ ejfezwe fzwf zk`cv~e je~f xf~okwf zjmkone~fe -:+. Bd~oe xk~eokgfk frkgf`ŪkeyĊ bexwvl jĊ, xf oĊzv~Ċ jf zf w~fjf gf le d fwexĊ le elwe, neye ejfzwfke zf à`cvzwfeyĊ. Wdw gf ekjk zf xdewf dnzf~re jĊ fzwf ~flewkr vŔd~ zĊ xvk à` x~ejwkjĊ d xdlkwkjĊ zkoxlĊ gf k`bd~oe~f, ge~ ovlw oek gkbkjkl zĊ exlkjk d xdlkwkjĊ gf zjmkone~f. Gkrf~zflf jeoxe`kk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf, gvxĊ dxk`ke lvk Xew~ka Iejazd`, bd`gewd~ el v`fk oe~k bk~of k`wf~`eŪkd`elf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf, xdw erfe Ŕezf wkxv~k gf dnkfjwkrf 69 e. Jd`Ŕwkf`wkye~fe v`fk x~dnlfof9 zf egvjf à` ewf`Ūke xvnlkjvlvk wfof gf gfynewf~f Ŕk gf k`wf~fz xf`w~v ejfzwe1 f}foxlv9 fbfjwflf `djkrf elf jd`zvovlvk gf eljddl, g~dcv~k, wvwv`1 koxd~we`Ūe fbd~wv~kld~ xf`w~v x~dwfie~fe ofgkvlvk eonke`w fwj. n. K`bd~oe~fe xvnlkj xvnlkjvlv vlvk9 k9 xf lî`cĊ lî`cĊ jd`Ŕwk jd`Ŕwkf` f`wky wkye~f e~fee v`fk v`fk x~dnlf x~dnlfof of zf v~oĊ~f v~oĊ~fŔwf Ŕwf àondcĊŪk~fe k`bd~oeŪkkld~ ~fbf~kwde~f le zxfjkbkjvl ejflfk x~dnlfof1 f}foxlv9 bejwd~k cf`f~ewd~k gf xdlve~f1 jeyv~k g~eoewkjf gf ndlk gewd~ewf jd`zvovlvk gf nĊvwv~k eljddlkjf, wvwv`, g~dcv~k, xdlve~fe ofgkvlvk1 j. Fgvje~fe xvnlkjvlvk9 zf v~oĊ~fŔwf x~fcĊwk~fe xvnlkjvlvk xf`w~v e ejŪkd`e, xf neye jv`dŔwk`Ūfld~ ejvovlewf à` jd`bd~okwewf jv dnkfjwkrflf jeoxe`kfk1 f}foxlv9 jeoxe`ke e`wk/ ZKGE, jeoxe`ke àoxdw~kre rkdlf`Ūfk à` beoklkf fwj. g. À`wĊ~k~fe ewkwvgk`kld~ 9 rkyfeyĊ ejflf jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj gfzx~f je~f zf Ŕwkf jĊ zvzŪk` reld~klf d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 f}foxlv9 x~dwfie~fe xew~kod`kvlvk bd~fzwkf~, ~fgvjf~fe xdlvĊ~k fwj. f. Zjmkone~ rkyfey eyĊĊ xvnl xvnlkj kjv~ v~kl klff je~f je~f `v ào àoxĊ xĊ~w ~wĊŔ ĊŔfz fzjj reld reld~k ~klf lf Zjmkone~fe fe ewkwvgk`kld ewkwvgk`kld~ ~ 9 rkyf d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 f}foxlv9 jeoxe`ke àoxdw~kre bvoewvlvk. b voewvlvk. b. Zjmkone~fe jdoxd~weof`wvlvk 9 zf v~oĊ~fŔwf k`gvjf~fe gf `dk odgflf gf ejŪkv`f1 f}foxl f}foxlv9 v9 jeoxe jeoxe`ke `ke xf`w~ xf`w~vv xĊzw~ xĊzw~e~f e~fee jv~ĊŪ jv~ĊŪf` f`kfk kfk,, jeoxe` jeoxe`ke ke xf`w~v xf`w~v xv~we~ xv~we~fe fe jf`wv jf`wv~kld ~kld~~ gf zkcv~e`ŪĊ, jeoxe`ke xf`w~v exlkje~f ofwdgfld~ gf xle``k`c beoklkel fwj. Dnkfjwkrflf vlwkofld~ gdvĊ jeoxe`kk zv`w gfzwvl gf c~fv gf ewk`z, gfde~fjf `v fzwf gfldj vŔd~ zĊ zjmkonk ewkwvgk`klf zev odgv~klf gf jdoxd~weof`w, bexw jf `fjfzkwĊ je flf zĊ zf gfzbĊŔde~f xf xf~kdegf lv`ck gf wkox. À` xlvz, xf`w~v ewk`cf~fe dnkfjwkrfld~ fzwf `frdkf zĊ bkf 7 6
Knkgfo, x. >88. Gdvc @fszd` Ŕk jdlen., dx. jkw. x. 736. 75
zvzŪk`vwf gf lfck Ŕk ~fclfof`wĊ~k, ge~ Ŕk koxlkje~f evwd~kwĊŪkld~ x~k` oĊzv~k x~frf`wkrf zev jdf~jkwkrf1 f}foxlv9 jdgvl ~vwkf~, eoxleze~fe gf jdŔv~k gf cv`dk, jd`w~delf, eof`yk fwj.
6.>. Xle`vl jeoxe`kfk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Jeoxe`ke gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf `v fzwf d ejwkrkwewf je~f zf gfzbĊŔde~Ċ le à`wîoxle~f1 fe x~fzvxv`f d ejwkrkwewf xle`kbkjewĊ, zw~vjwv~ewĊ Ŕk jdd~gd`ewĊ, x~k` je~f d d~ce`kyeŪkf v~oĊ~fŔwf zĊ/Ŕk ewk`cĊ dnkfjwkrflf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zxfjkbkjf. Xle`kbkje~fe v`fk jeoxe`kk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf x~fzvxv`f xe~jv~cf~fe v`d~ fwexf nk`f gfbk`kwf, je~f ev d zvjjfzkv`f ldckjĊ Ŕk zf jd`gkŪkd`feyĊ ~fjkx~dj, bkfje~f fwexĊ ~fyvlwî`g gk` xezvl bĊjvw e`wf~kd~ Ŕk gfwf~ok`î`g xezvl xf`w~v fwexe v~oĊwde~f. Xle`vl `v w~fnvkf x~krkw je d zvoĊ ofje`kjĊ e v`d~ fwexf zw~kjw zfxe~ewf, gfde~fjf, à` ejwkrkwewfe x~ejwkjĊ fwexflf zf à`w~fxĊw~v`g, jeoxe`ke, à` e`zeonlvl fk, bkk`g v` x~djfz gk`eokj Ŕk gkelfjwkj. Xle`vl w~fnvkf zĊ bkf blf}knkl, ezwbfl à`jîw zĊ xdewĊ bk fbfjwvewf gkbf~kwf zjmkonĊ~k, bv`jŪkf gf frdlvŪke Ŕk ~fyvlwewflf ~ fyvlwewflf frelvĊ~kld~ gkbf~kwfld~ fwexf elf jeoxe`kfk. Lkwf~e Lkwf~ewv~ wv~ee gf zxfjke zxfjkelkwe lkwewf wf dbf~Ċ dbf~Ċ oek ovlwf ovlwf “~fŪfw “~fŪfwf‟ f‟ x~krk` x~krk`gg x~fcĊ x~fcĊwk~f wk~fee v`vk v`vk xle`, xle`, xf~zxfjwkrflf gf end~ge~f e fwexfld~ bkk`g gkbf~kwf gf le v` evwd~ le elwvl. V` Xle` gf jeoxe`kf jv je~ejwf~ cf`f~el e~ xvwfe zĊ jvx~k`gĊ9 5. gfbk`k~fe x~dnlfofld~ >. e`elkye zkwveŪkfk 7 :. zwen zwenkl klk~ k~fe fe dnkf dnkfjw jwkr krfl fld~ d~ 7. kgf`wkbkje~fe gkbf~kwfld~ jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj 6. zwenklk~fe zw~ewfckkld~ 2. zwenklk~fe wejwkjkld~ 3. bk}e~fe jelf`ge~vlvk gf lvj~v =. zwenklk~fe nvcfwvlvk ;. zwenklk~fe x~djfgv~kld~ gf frelve~f À` bv`jŪkf gf `ewv~e x~dnlfofld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk, e dnkfjwkrfld~ zev ~fzv~zfld~ f}kzwf`wf, v`flf fwexf xdw bk jdoezewf. Gf elwbfl, le jexkwdlvl el KKK/lfe gk` x~fyf`we lvj~e~f eo end~gew x~k`jkxelflf ezxfjwf gf jd`Ūk`vw elf x~dnlfofld~ f`vof~ewf oek zvz gk` xf~zxfjwkre fwexfld~ x~djfzvlvk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf. Flf `v rd~ bk ~flvewf jv ~fbf~k~k jd`j~fwf le jeoxe`ke gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf. Rdo ~fge, à` zjmkon jîwfre ezxfjwf lfcewf gf jd`Ūk`vwvl zxfjkbkj el Xle`vlvk jeoxe`kfk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf.
6.>.5. Gfbk`k~fe x~dnlfofk Bd~ovle~fe v`fk x~dnlfof w~fnvkf zĊ gfe ~Ċzxv`z le d zf~kf gf à`w~fnĊ~k jvo e~ bk9 / Je~f Je~f fzwf fzwf zv~ze zv~ze x~fdj x~fdjvxĊ vxĊ~k ~kkk d~ce d~ce`ky `kyeŪk eŪkfk fk44 / V` V`gf gf zf eblĊ eblĊ x~dn x~dnlf lfoe oe ~fzx ~fzxfj fjwk wkrĊ rĊ44 / Jî`g î`g fzwf d x~dnl ~dnlffoĊ oĊ44 / Jk`f Jk`f fzwf fzwf ebfj ebfjwe weww zev zev koxl koxlkj kjew ew44 / Jvo Jvo fzwf fzwf koxl koxlkj kjew ew zev zev ebfj ebfjwe wew4 w4 / Gf jf fzwf fzwf ejfe ejfe x~fdjvx x~fdjvxe~f e~f d x~dnl x~dnlfoĊ foĊ xf`w~v xf`w~v d~ce`kye d~ce`kyeŪkf Ūkf Ŕk Ŕk xf`w~v xf`w~v xvnlkj xvnlkjvl vl fk4 X~dnlfoflf jv je~f zf jd`b~v`wĊ d d~ce`kyeŪkf zv`w re~kewf Ŕk `vof~dezf. Bd~ovle~fe v`fk x~dnlfof `v w~fnvkf zĊ zvcf~fyf zdlvŪke gf ~fydlre~f Ŕk `kjk xdzknklkk rk`dreŪk. Gk` xv`jwvl gf rfgf~f el ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf, gvxĊ dxk`ke lvk Gf``kz Skljd}, ejfzwfe xdw bk c~vxewf à` v~oĊwde~flf jewfcd~kk 29 e. Flkok`e~fe koeck`kk `fcewkrf xf je~f d e~f d~ce`kyeŪke, v` x~dgvz zev zf~rkjkv, v~oe~f e v`vk x~djfz lf`w gf ejvovlĊ~k1 zfo`elf9 `fovlŪvok~klf xvnlkjvlvk, j~kwkjk elf v`d~ 2
J~kzwk`e Jdoe`, ^fleŪkklf Xvnlkjf, x~k`jkxkk Ŕk zw~ewfckk , Fgkwv~e Xdlk~do, KeŔk, >885, x. =7. 7>
zxfjkelkŔwk, j~kwkjk à` x~fzĊ, gfjle~eŪkk xvnlkjf elf e`ceieŪkld~ Ŕk zjĊgf~fe koxlkjĊ~kk ejfzwd~e à` x~dnlfoflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk, kc`d~e~fe x~dgvzvlvk zev zf~rkjkvlvk gf jĊw~f xvnlkjvl Ūk`wĊ fwj. n. Jdd~gd`e~fe v`vk x~dkfjw zxfjkbkj 9 à` ejfzw jey `v zf xd~`fŔwf gf le d koeck`f `fcewkrĊ, jk zf v~oĊ~fŔwf x~dodre~fe koeck`kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk x~k` ejŪkv`k zxfjkbkjf. Wkxv~k gf ezwbfl gf x~dnlfof e~ xvwfe bk9 le`ze~fe v`vk `dv x~dgvz, k`evcv~e~fe v`vk dnkfjwkr, x~dodre~fe v`d~ reld~k zxfjkbkjf d~ce`kyeŪkfk fwj. j. Koxlfof`we~fe zev gfyrdlwe~fe v`vk x~dc~eo gf gv~ewĊ 9 le`ze~fe gf x~dc~eof gf k`wf~fz xvnlkj, xĊzw~e~fe koeck`kk gf d~ce`kyeŪkf ~fzxd`zenklĊ à` rkeŪe jdov`kwĊŪkk fwj. À` jd`jlvykf, ejŪkv`klf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf xdw rkye w~fk oe~k wkxv~k gf x~dnlfof9 / jd~fjwe~fe v`fk zkwveŪkk `fcewkrf1 / ewk`cf~fe v`vk dnkfjwkr v`kj Ŕk nk`f gfbk`kw1 / of`Ūk`f~fe zev eoflkd~e~fe v`fk zkwveŪkk xdykwkrf f}kzwf`wf gfie9
6.>.>. E`elkye zkwveŪkfk EjfezwĊ fwexĊ x~fzvxv`f ejvovle~fe gfwelkewĊ e wvwv~d~ gewfld~ jv`dzjvwf ~fbf~kwde~f le x~dnlfoe à` jevyĊ9 kzwd~kj, xĊ~Ūk koxlkjewf, fbfjwf fwj. Zf rd~ e`elkye zfxe~ew bejwd~kk k`wf~`k gf jfk f}wf~`k. V` gdze~ gf e`elkyĊ gfwelkewĊ e bejwd~kld~ k`wf~`k, gvxĊ v`kk zxfjkelkŔwk w~fnvkf zĊ jd`Ūk`Ċ9 5. Gfjle~eŪke gf x~k`jkxkk e d~ce`kyeŪkfk, zwewvw, kzwd~kj, zw~vjwv~Ċ, ~fclfof`wĊ~k. >. Lkzwe jv xf~zde`flf gk` jd`gvjf~f, jv zjv~wf nkdc~ebkk, bdwdc~ebkk. :. Gfzj~kf~k Ŕk kzwd~kj el x~dc~eofld~, x~dgvzfld~, zf~rkjkkld~. 7. Zwewkzwkjk ~fbf~kwde~f le nvcfwf , rî`yĊ~k, rf`kwv~k, k`rfzwkŪkk. 6. Gfjle~eŪkk gf x~k`jkxkv à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv x~dgvzvl zev zf~rkjkvl à` jevyĊ. 2. XdykŪke lkgf~kld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk. 3. Gfzj~kf~fe odgvlvk gf cfzwkd`e~f jv~f`wĊ e v`d~ ezwbfl gf zkwveŪkk. =. Lkzwf jv xf~zde`flf koxlkjewf. ;. Zkzwfof gf jdov`kje~f. E`elkye bejwd~kld~ f}wf~`k zf ~fbf~Ċ le zfcof`wflf gf xvnlkj koxlkjewf zev ebfjwewf gf x~dnlfoĊ. V` gdze~ gf e`elkyĊ, à` x~k`jkxkv, e~ w~fnvk zĊ jvx~k`gĊ9 5. F}w~e F}w~ezf zf gk` gkrf~z gkrf~zff xvnlkj xvnlkjeŪk eŪkkk zev zev jezfw jezfwff jv oewf~ oewf~kel kelff ~egkd/ ~egkd/WR WR je~f je~f x~krfz x~krfzjj d~ce`kyeŪke Ŕk x~dnlfoe à` jevyĊ. >. E`elkyf gf jd`Ūk`vw elf ofzeifld~ oezz/ofgke. :. lkzwf jv iv~`elkŔwk, xf~zde`f zev c~vxv~k gf xf~zde`f k`wf~fzewf gf x~dnlfoĊ. 7. ^fyvlwewf elf zd`geifld~ gf dxk`kf ~fbf~kwde~f le x~dnlfoe à` jevyĊ. 6. jelf`ge~f elf frf`kof`wfld~ zxfjkelf lfcewf gf d~ce`kyeŪkf zev gf zkwveŪke ~fzxfjwkrĊ. 2. Lkzwf jv xf~zd`elkwĊŪk zev dbkjkelkwĊŪk je~f xdw ebfjwe, x~k` ewkwvgk`fe Ŕk gfjkykklf ld~ d~ce`kyeŪke. 3. F}w~ezf gk` lfck Ŕk gdjvof`wf ~flfre`wf je~f ev lfcĊwv~Ċ jv x~dnlfoe Ŕk odgvl fk gf ~fydlre~f. D e`elkyĊ jdoxlfwĊ ezvx~e x~dnlfofk fbfjwvewĊ gf jĊw~f gfxe~weof`wvl gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk lkgf~kk d~ce`kyeŪkk xf~okwf zwenklk~fe à` odg ~felkzw e dnkfjwkrfld~. Zf rd~ vwklkye Ŕk ofwdgf gf jf~jfwe~f zxfjkbkjf Ŕwkk`Ūfld~ zdjkelf -ezxfjwf ~flfrewf le jexkwdlvl ~fbf~kwd~ le fwexflf x~djfzvlvk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf+.
7.:. Zwenklk~fe dnkfjwkrfld~ 7:
GejĊ d x~dnlfoĊ e bdzw nk`f gfbk`kwĊ, ewv`jk dnkfjwkrflf jeoxe`kfk zv`w vŔd~ gf bk}ew. “Gfbk`k~fe dnkfjwkrfld~ zf ~felkyfeyĊ x~k` jd`rf~wk~fe gfbk`kŪkfk x~dnlfofld~‟ fzwf gf xĊ~f~f ^dnf~w Af`gell3. À`w~fne~fe jfe oek koxd~we`wĊ à` jeyvl v`fk jeoxe`kk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf fzwf9 “Jf gd~ko zĊ ~felkyĊo4‟ Dnkfjwkrflf zxfjkbkjf, gf ~fcvlĊ, xdw bk f}x~koewf je`wkwewkr Ŕk xdw bk oĊzv~ewf oek f}ejw. V`kk evwd~k, jvo e~ bk zx~f f}foxlv If~~{ Me`g~k}, àoxe~w dnkfjwkrflf à` gdvĊ oe~k beoklkk9 dnkfjwkrf gf x~dgvjŪkf -dvwxvw + ‚ w~kokwf~fe gf jdoov`kjewf zev gdze~f gf x~fzĊ, d~ce`kye~fe gf jd`bf~k`Ūf, x~fyf`wĊ~k x~fyf`wĊ~k elf k`zwkwvŪkfk fwj. ‚ Ŕk dnkfjwkrf gf koxejw =. Dnkfjwkrflf gf koxejw zv`w, le ~î`gvl ld~, gf w~fk wkxv~k9 e. k`bd~oeŪkd`elf ‚ ewv`jk jî`g zf v~oĊ~fŔwf xdxvle~kye~fe v`vk frf`kof`w, x~dgvz, lkgf~ fwj. n. ewkwvgk`elf ewkwvgk`elf ‚ rkyfeyĊ odgkbkje~fe ewkwvgk`kld~ xvnlkjvlvk beŪĊ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf, x~dgvzf, zf~rkjkk fwj. j. jdoxd~weof`welf ‚ koxlkjĊ odgkbkje~fe jdoxd~weof`wvlvk beŪĊ gf d~ce`kyeŪkf. Dnkfjwkrflf v`fk jeoxe`kk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf à` jd`zf`z jv dnkfjwkrflf d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Flf zf rd~ bk}e à` gdjvof`wf zj~kzf Ŕk w~fnvkf zĊ Ūk`Ċ zfeoe gf ~fzv~zflf nvcfwe~f Ŕk gf bejwd~vl wkox.
6.>.7. Kgf`wkbkje~fe gkbf~kwfld~ jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj GvxĊ GvxĊ zwenkl zwenklk~f k~fee dnkfjw dnkfjwkrf krfld~ ld~,, xezvl xezvl v~oĊwd v~oĊwd~~ el jeoxe jeoxe`kf `kfkk àl ~fx~fy ~fx~fyk`w k`wĊĊ gfbk`k gfbk`k~fe ~fe jewfcd~kkld~ gf xvnlkj jĊ~d~e lf zv`w gfzwk`ewf ofzeiflf jeoxe`kfk. Zf xdewf xd~`k gf le jewfcd~kk le~ck gf xvnlkj, jvo e~ bk gf f}foxlv, jeoxe`ke gf xĊzw~e~f e jv~ĊŪf`kf v`vk d~eŔ, xî`Ċ le zfcof`wf bde~wf nk`f gfbk`kwf / jeoxe`ke àoxdw~kre rkdlf`Ūfk à` beoklkf. Kgf`wkbkje~fe gkbf~kwfld~ jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj x~fzvxv`f jv`deŔwf~fe reld~kld~, `d~ofld~ gf jdoxd~weof`w, kgfelv~kld~, eŔwfxwĊ~kld~, c~egvlvk gf koxlkje~f, xdzknklkwĊŪklf gf ejjfxwe~f e kgfkld~ x~dodrewf gf jeoxe`kf e ejfzwd~e. D zfcof`we~f ~kcv~dezĊ e ejfzwd~ jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj zf ~felkyfeyĊ jĊvwî`gv/zf ~Ċzxv`z le à`w~fnĊ~klf9 / À` jf jf bfl zv`w ejfzwf ejfzwf xvnlk xvnlkjv~k jv~k rkyewf rkyewf zev zev koxlkj koxlkjewf ewf à` à` ejfe ejfe zkwveŪk zkwveŪkf4 f4 / V`gf w~Ċkfzj4 / Jf ej ejwkrkwĊŪk ev ev4 / Gk` Gk` jf jf d~c d~ce` e`ky kyeŪ eŪkk kk bej bej xe~ xe~wf wf44 fwj fwj.. Zjdxvl zfcof`wĊ~kk xvnlkjv~kld~ à` v`kwĊŪk oek okjk fzwf kgf`wkbkje~fe c~vxv~kld~ je~f zv`w koxd~we`wf xf`w~v zvjjfzvl jeoxe`kfk. À` jeg~vl Xle`vlvk gf jeoxe`kf w~fnvkf zĊ zf x~fjk x~fjkyf yfyf yf jĊ wdewf wdewf c~vxv~ c~vxv~klf klf je~f je~f zv`w zv`w rkyewf rkyewf rd~ bk ewk`zf ewk`zf.. Xf`w~v Xf`w~v zfcof zfcof`wf `wflf lf jflf jflf oek oek koxd~we`wf zf rd~ gkbvye ofzeiflf à` odg x~krklfckew.
6.>.6. Zwenklk~fe zw~ewfckkld~. Lkzwe jv xdzknklf zw~ewfckk À` ~fleŪkklf xvnlkjf, zw~ewfckklf zf ~fbf~Ċ le odgvl gf end~ge~f e Xle`vlvk cf`f~el xf` xf`w~ w~vv à`gf à`gfxl xlk` k`k~ k~fe fe dnkf dnkfjw jwkr krfl fld~ d~ Wejw Wejwkj kjkl klff zf ~fbf ~fbf~Ċ ~Ċ le ofwd ofwdgf gflf lf bdld bdldzk zkwf wf xf`w xf`w~v ~v ; koxlfof`we~fe zw~ewfckfk, fzwf gf xĊ~f~f Zjdww Jvwlkx Ŕk jdlen Zw~ewfcke xdewf bk à`ŪflfezĊ je d gfwf~ok`e~f e zjdxv~kld~ xf wf~of` lv`c, je v` zkzwfo gf gfbk`k~f e jv~zvlvk ejŪkv`kk Ŕk gf eldje~f e ~fzv~zfld~ `fjfze~f xf`w~v à`gfxlk`k~fe ejfzwd~ ejŪkv`k Fe fzwf, gfjk, v` xle` gf ejŪkv`f je~f x~frfgf lk`kklf gk~fjwde~f Ŕk wfoflf 3
^dnf~w Af`gell, dx. jkw. x. 5;:. Knkgfo, x. ;>. ; J~kzwk`e Jdoe`, dx. jkw. x. ;6. =
77
oeid~f elf v`fk jeoxe`kk Zw~ewfckklf xdw bk oek le~ck zev oek zw~kjwf, à` bv`jŪkf gf dnkfjwkrvl bk}ew bk}ew Ŕk gf jewfc jewfcd~k d~kklf klf gf xvnlk xvnlkjj rkyewf rkyewf Egdxwe Egdxwe~fe ~fe ejfzwd ejfzwd~e ~e zf neyfe neyfeyĊ yĊ xf f}xf~ f}xf~kf` kf`Ūe Ūe x~dbfzkd`elĊ e zxfjkelkŔwkld~ à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf, xf zwvgkvl v`d~ jeyv~k ~flfre`wf Ŕk ~fblfjŪke j~kwkjĊ ezvx~e ld~, jd`jlvykklf jf z/ev gfzx~k`z gk` zvjjfzflf zev fŔfjv~klf à`~fckzw~ewf à` ezwbfl gf jeyv~k Jd`jf`w~î`gv/Ŕk ewf`Ūke ezvx~e flfof`wfld~ je~f xdw bk vwklkyewf à`ek`wf gf e bk bk}ewĊ zw~ewfcke cf`f~elĊ, zxfjkelkŔwkk à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf à`wdjofzj d jvx~k`yĊwde~f “LkzwĊ jv xdzknklf zw~ewfckk‟, je~f zĊ dbf~f d xelfwĊ le~cĊ gf zvcfzwkk Ŕk xf~okw elfcf~fe zdlvŪkfk kgfelf. À`wdjok~fe v`fk v`fk ezwbfl ezwbfl gf lkzwf lkzwf x~fzvx x~fzvxv`f v`f ~felky ~felkye~f e~fee v`vk v`vk n~ek`zwd~ok`c jv fjmk fjmkxe xe je~f je~f lvj~ lvj~fe feyĊ yĊ le xle`kbkje~fe jeoxe`kfk, x~k` je~f zĊ bkf gkzjvwewf xdzknklkwĊŪklf gf àonv`ĊwĊŪk~f Ŕk zĊ bkf elfzf zdlvŪkklf dxwkof. ^dnf~w Af`gell x~dxv`f v~oĊwde~fe lkzwĊ jv wkxv~k gf zw~ewfckk 589 5. K`ejwkrkwewfe K`ejwkrkwewfe zw~ewfckjĊ zw~ewfckjĊ 9 f}foxlv, kc`d~e~fe jd`b~v`wĊ~kk jv d d~ce`kyeŪkf je~f e~f d ~fxvweŪkf x~dezwĊ. >. EjwkrkwĊŪk gf gkzfok`e~f e k`bd~oeŪkfk 9 jd`zwĊ à` gkzw~knvk~fe gf ofzeif je~f x~fyk`wĊ d~ce`kyeŪke zev xv`jwvl gf rfgf~f el d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Bd~of9 e. X~dc~eo gf k`bd~oe~f xvnlkjĊ ‚ zf x~fyk`wĊ xv`jwvl gf rfgf~f el d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 n. Jd`bf~k`Ūf gf x~fzĊ1 j. Ldnn{1 g. Exe~kŪkk xvnlkjf elf xv~wĊwd~vlvk gf jvrî`w zev e lkgf~kld~ d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 f. D~ce`kye~fe gf nk~dv~k gf x~fzĊ1 b. Jd~fjwe~fe k`bd~oeŪkkld~ ~Ċvrdkwde~f exĊ~vwf gfie à` x~fzĊ1 c. F}xv`f~fe gf zvxd~wv~k k`bd~oewkrf jv djeyke v`d~ ~fv`kv`k xvnlkjf. :. D~ce`kye~fe gf frf`kof`wf 9 rkyfeyĊ w~e`zokwf~fe gf k`bd~oeŪkk x~k`9 6 e. frf`kof`wf `fxle`kbkjewf 1 n. jf~fod`kk ‚ d~ce`kyewf jv gkrf~zf djeykk gk` rkeŪe d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 j. frf`kof`wf xvzf à` zjf`Ċ ‚ jv zjdx gf ofgkewkye~f1 g. jd`jv~zv~k, jdoxfwkŪkk ‚ ofgkewkyewf. 7. EjwkrkwĊŪk x~dodŪkd`elf9 jv zjdxvl gf e koxv`f koeck`fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk x~k`9 wî~cv~k, f}xdykŪkk f}xdykŪkk,, gfod`zw~e gfod`zw~eŪkk, Ūkk, wfzwĊ~k wfzwĊ~k x~dgvzf, x~dgvzf, EjŪkv`kk gf oe~afwk oe~afwk`c `c ‚ wî~cv~k, e. EjŪkv` le`zĊ~k gf `dk x~dgvzf fwj. n. G~eoewkyĊ~k9 rd~ e~Ċwe jvo bv`jŪkd`feyĊ v` x~dgvz zev zf~rkjkv1 j. Bv`g/~ekzk`c 9 fbd~wv~k gfzwk`ewf zĊ jdlfjwfyf ne`k xf`w~v gkrf~zf jewfcd~kk gf xvnlkj d~k d~ce`kyeŪkk. g. Gfzjdxf~k~k Gfzjdxf~k~k Ŕwkk`Ūkbkjf Ŕwkk`Ūkbkjf 9 dbf~k~fe gf k`bd~oeŪkk x~krk`g d wfoĊ jd`w~drf~zewĊ zev le`ze~fe ~fyvlwewfld~ v`d~ jf~jfwĊ~k. f. EjŪkv`k jkrkjf9 zf e~ewĊ x~fdjvxe~fe xf`w~v k`wf~fzflf jdov`kwĊŪkk. 6. EjwkrkwĊŪk d~ce`kyeŪkd`elf 9 v~oĊ~fzj x~dodre~fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk à` ofgkvl fk zxfjkbkj x~k`9 e. XdykŪkd`e~fe XdykŪkd`e~fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk d~ce`kyeŪkfk 9 gfbk`k~fe jfld~ je~f d zx~kik`Ċ Ŕk j~fe~fe v`vk c~vx xf`w~v jddxf~e~f. n. Jd`zwkwvk~fe jdelkŪkkld~ 9 ~felkye~fe gf elke`Ūf jv c~vxv~k Ŕk d~ce`kyeŪkk je~f ev ejflfeŔk dnkfjwkrf Ŕk àoxĊ~wĊŔfzj ejflfeŔk reld~k. j. Jd`bf~k`Ūf, Jd`bf~k`Ūf, jd`rf`Ūkk zfok`e~kk 9 ejfzwfe xf~okw gkzfok`e~fe k`bd~oeŪkkld~, zjmkonv~k gf kgfk Ŕk j~fŔwf~fe x~fzwkckvlvk d~ce`kyeŪkfk. g. Ldnn{/vl k`gk~fjw 9 odnklkye~fe elfcĊwd~kld~ à` iv~vl v`fk e`vokwf x~dnlfof xf`w~v e f}f~jkwe x~fzkv`k ezvx~e lfckzlewkrvlvk. 58
^dnf~w Af`gell, dx. jkw, x. >56/>52. 76
f.@fcdjkf~k 9 k`wf~rf`Ūke je evwd~kwewf gfyk`wf~fzewĊ xf`w~v e ~fydlre jd`blkjwf à`w~f c~vxv~k.
6.>.2. Zwenklk~fe wejwkjkld~ Wejwkje, gk` xf~zxfjwkre ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf, ~fx~fyk`wĊ v` k`zw~vof`w à` x~djfzvl gf jdov`kje jdov`kje~f, ~f, bdldzkw bdldzkw jv zjdxvl zjdxvl gf e w~e`zokwf w~e`zokwf,, xf gkbf~kwf gkbf~kwf je`elf, je`elf, ofzeif xf`w~v jewfcd~kklf jewfcd~kklf gf xvnlkj rkyew. À` jeg~vl Xle`vlvk gf jeoxe`kf, wejwkjklf zv`w fwexf zw~î`z lfcewf gf jflflelwf fwexf jdoxd`f`wf. Flf xf~okw jdov`kjewd~kld~ je ejŪkv`klf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zĊ eknĊ fbfjwvl zjd`wew ezvx~e xvnlkjvlvk rkyew. Egdxwe~fe v`fk wejwkjk x~fzvxv`f f}kzwf`Ūe v~oĊwde~fld~ k`bd~oeŪkk9 / gfzj~kf~fe xf zjv~w e ejŪkv`kk1 / wf~of`vl lkokwĊ gf f}fjvŪkf1 / nvcfwvl fzwkoew1 / jf~k`Ūf zxfjkelf à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv wejwkje1 / `voflf xf~zde`fk je~f ~Ċzxv`gf gf ejŪkv`fe ~fzxfjwkrĊ. Bkfje~f ejŪkv`f xle`kbkjewĊ zf eg~fzfeyĊ v`fk jewfcd~kk zxfjkbkjf gf xvnlkj. Wejwkjklf w~fnvkf xvzf à` jd`jd~ge`ŪĊ jv zw~ewfckklf ke~ le bk`elvl jeoxe`kfk, fbkjkf`Ūe ejfzwd~e w~fnvkf frelvewĊ. Lvj~Ċ~klf gf zxfjkelkwewf jd`zkgf~Ċ jĊ zxfjkelkŔwkk à` ~fleŪkklf xvnlkjf ev le gkzxdykŪkf w~fk je`elf x~k` je~f àŔk xdw w~e`zokwf ofzeiflf9 / frf`kof`wf zxfjkelf1 / ofgke jd`w~dlewf1 / ofgke `fjd`w~dlewf. e. Frf`kof`wf zxfjkelf9 ev g~fxw zjdx j~fe~fe gf ~fleŪkk x~krklfckewf jv xvnlkjv~klf rkye rkyewf wf.. À` ejfe ejfezw zwĊĊ jewf jewfcd cd~k ~kff k`w~ k`w~Ċ9 Ċ9 e`kr e`krf~ f~zĊ zĊ~k ~klf lf,, jdof jdofod od~Ċ ~Ċ~kl ~klf, f, jd`j jd`jf~ f~wf wflf lf f}xd f}xdyk ykŪkk Ūkklf lf,, bfzwkrelv~klf, jd`bf~k`Ūflf, gfynewf~k, zfok`e~kk, gfjf~`Ċ~k gf x~fokk, “ykve vŔkld~ gfzjmkzf‟, zxd`zd~kyĊ~k, rkykwf le gkbf~kwf dnkfjwkrf, le`zĊ~k gf x~dgvzf zev zf~rkjkk, bfzwkrkwewfe b fzwkrkwewfe gf `vok~f e v`d~ lkgf~k zev xf`zkd`e~fe elwd~e, ne`jmfwf, gk`fv~k, frf`kof`wf zxd~wkrf fwj. Zvjjfzvl à` d~ce`kye~fe v`vk frf`kof`w gfxk`gf gf jîwfre jelkwĊŪk fzf`Ūkelf ezwbfl9 / zĊ zwenklfezjĊ d lfcĊwv~Ċ jle~Ċ à`w~f d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk frf`kof`w1 / zĊ bkf kgf`wkbkjew v` `vof xdw~krkw1 / zĊ eknĊ koxejw zdjkel1 / zĊ bkf ezdjkew frf`kof`wvl jv v` elwvl oek jv`dzjvw1 / frf`kof`wflf zĊ bkf lfcewf à` zf~kk1 / zĊ eknĊ relde~f gf Ŕwk~f. Ejfzwf jd`gkŪkk bej je frf`kof`wvl zĊ zewkzbejĊ eŔwfxwĊ~klf iv~`elkŔwkld~, à` bk`el zĊ k`w~f à` ewf`Ūke oezz/ofgke. n. ofgke jd`w~dlewf9 ev ere`weivl jĊ f}kzwĊ jd`w~dl ewîw ezvx~e jd`Ūk`vwvlvk jîw Ŕk e odof`wvlvk Ŕk ldjvlvk ejŪkv`kk. À` ejfezwĊ jewfcd~kf k`w~Ċ9 zj~kzd~k, n~dŔv~k, zkwf/v~k gf K`wf~`fw, jvrî`wĊ~k xvnlkjf, ~exde~wf gf ejwkrkwewf, jezfwf x~dodŪkd`elf, ~fjleof fwj. X~fyk`wĊ ere`weivl jĊ xf~okw zflfjwe~fe koeck`kld~ Ŕk jvrk`wfld~, x~fjvo Ŕk jd`zw~vk~fe ofzeifld~. Gfyere`weivl oeid~ fzwf ejfle jĊ xvnlkjvl Ŕwkf jĊ fzwf rd~ne gf ofzeif ben~kjewf Ŕk, gfjk, ev v` c~eg oek okj gf j~fgknklkwewf. j. ofgke `fjd`w~dlewf9 k`w~Ċ à`w~fcvl zkzwfo oezz/ofgke. X~fyk`wĊ gfyere`weivl jĊ `v f}kzwĊ jd`w~dl ezvx~e ofzeivlvk bk`el. Ofzeiflf zv`w x~flvewf gf x~fzĊ à`w~vjîw ev relde~f gf Ŕwk~f. Ejfzwf ofzeif `v zv`w xlĊwkwf je ~fjleof. X~fyk`wĊ ere`weivl jĊ ev v` c~eg ~kgkjew gf j~fgknklkwewf Ŕk jdzwv~k ~fgvzf. 72
GfŔk `v f}kzwĊ ~fŪfwf v`krf~zelf à` jffe jf x~krfŔwf wejwkjklf, zxfjkelkŔwkk ~fjdoe`gĊ d zf~kf zf~kf gf ejŪkv ejŪkv`k `k gf ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkk xvnlkj xvnlkjff je~f je~f Ŕk/ev Ŕk/ev gdrfgk gdrfgkw,w, à` wko wkox, x, fbkjkf fbkjkf`Ūe `Ūe.. EgkjĊ, EgkjĊ, ejŪkv ejŪkv`k `k “w~egkŪkd`elf‟ xf`w~v xvnlkjv~k “w~egkŪkd`elf‟. / E`ceieŪkk9 jdov`kje~f k`wf~xf~zd`elĊ, ~frkzwe gf à`w~fx~k`gf~f, ~exde~wf gf ejwkrkwewf, bklof, jvrî`wĊ~k fwj. / K`rfzwkwd~kk9 n~dŔv~k, zj~kzd~k, ~exde~wf gf ejwkrkwewf, rkykwf, jdov`kjewf gf x~fzĊ1 jdov`kjew jewf, f, frf`ko frf`kof`w f`wff zxfjke zxfjkelf, lf, rkykwf rkykwf le d~ce`k d~ce`kye yeŪkf Ūkf,, ~Ċzxv` ~Ċzxv`zv~ zv~kk le / Jlkf`Ūkk9 jdov`k zj~kzd~k fwj. gd`eŪkk,k, zxd`zd zxd`zd~ky ~kyĊ~k Ċ~k,, jvrî`w jvrî`wĊ~k Ċ~k,, ejŪkv ejŪkv`k `k rdlv`w rdlv`we~f e~f,, jdov` jdov`kje kje~fe ~fe / Jdov`kwewfe9 gd`eŪk k`wf~xf~zd`elĊ, “Ykve vŔkld~ gfzjmkzf‟, fwj. / D~ce D~ce`k `kzo zoff cvrf cvrf~` ~`eo eof` f`we welf lf9 ldnn{ jdov`k `kje jewf wf gf x~fz x~fzĊ, Ċ, jd`b jd`bf~ f~k` k`Ūf Ūf gf x~fz x~fzĊ, Ċ, gdze gdze~f ~f gf x~fz x~fzĊ, Ċ, / Oezz/ofgke9 jdov gdjvof`we~f, gdjvof`we~f, k`wf~rkv~k, jdof`we~kk fwj.
6.>.3. Bk}e~fe jelf`ge~vlvk K`wf~relvl gf wkox djvxew gf jeoxe`kf gfxk`gf gf dnkfjwkrflf Ŕk `ewv~e ejfzwfke. Jelf`ge~vl jeoxe`kfk jd`zwĊ à` bk}e~fe odof`wfld~ gf à`jfxf~f, gf à`jmfkf~f, Ŕk gewflf le je~f ev ldj bkfje~f ejŪkv`f1 fl e~f Ŕk ~dlvl gf e~Ċwe wkoxvl `fjfze~ xf`w~v x~fcĊwk~fe Ŕk gfzbĊŔv~e~fe ejfzwd~e. Gf ~fcvlĊ ejfzwf k`wf~relf zf bk}feyĊ bv`jŪkf gf f}xf~kf`Ūe ervwĊ gf zxfjkelkŔwk à` zkwveŪkk zkokle~f. Jelf`ge~vl w~fnvkf bk}ew ezwbfl je x~k`jkxelflf flfof`wf zĊ bkf rkyknklf gk`w~/d zk`cv~Ċ x~krk~f1 à` xlvz, fl w~fnvkf zĊ dbf~f zvbkjkf`wf gfwelkk à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv bkfje~f frf`kof`w, ezwbfl je gfzbĊŔv~e~fe ld~ à` wkox zĊ bkf jd~fjwewĊ gejĊ fzwf `fjfze~. `fjfze~. ^fx~fyf`we~fe c~ebkjĊ e jelf`ge~vlvk jeoxe`kfk Ūk`f gf f}xf~kf`Ūe bkfjĊ~vk zxfjkelkzw à` gdof`kv. V` jelf`ge~ à` xew~v re~ke`wf fzwf x~dxvz gf ^dnf~w Af`gell 559 zv`w à`zj~k à`zj~kzf zf gewfl gewflff gkrf~z gkrf~zfld fld~~ ejŪkv` ejŪkv`k,k, jflf jflf Jelf`ge~ e~ xf`w~ xf`w~vv bkfje~ bkfje~ff lv`Ċ9 lv`Ċ9 zv`w / Jelf`g x~k`jkxelf bkk`g jdld~ewf à` odg gkbf~kw beŪĊ gf gfwelkk. / Jelf`ge~vl cldnel 9 xf d zjmfoĊ c~ebkjĊ, e`vl fzwf gkrkyew à` gdvĊ, w~fk zev xew~v xĊ~Ūk à` je~f zv`w à`zj~kzf x~k`jkxelflf ejŪkv`k. ‟9 xf d jdlde`Ċ à` zwî`ce fzwf eljĊwvkwĊ lkzwe ejwkrkwĊŪkld~1 à` / “Wenldvl lvk Ce`ww ‟9 g~fexwe, xf d~kyd`welĊ zf w~fj lv`klf Ŕk, xf rf~wkjelĊ, zvjjfzkv`fe yklfld~. / Jelf`ge~vl xdrfzwkw 9 zv`w x~fyf`wewf à` odg gfwelkew ejwkrkwĊŪklf, x~fjkyî`gv/zf à` g~fxwvl bkfjĊ~fke gewe gf gfzbĊŔv~e~f. K`gkbf~f`w gf odgflvl elfz, jelf`ge~vl w~fnvkf zĊ bkf vŔd~ gf jd`zvlwew Ŕk zĊ x~fyk`wf à` odg jle~ gewflf gkbf~kwfld~ ejwkrkwĊŪk Ŕk wkoxvl `fjfze~ x~fcĊwk~kk ld~.
6.>.=. Zwenklk~fe nvcfwvlvk Lkokwflf nvcfwe~f zv`w zwenklkwf à`jĊ gk` fwexe bk}Ċ~kk dnkfjwkrfld~. V` nvcfw jv xvŪk`f jd`zw~î`cf~k xf~okwf bdldzk~fe jfld~ oek nv`f ofwdgf, e ejŪkv`kld~ jdoxlf}f Ŕk e jfld~ oek nv`k zxfjkelkŔwk. @v xvŪk`f zv`w zkwveŪkklf jî`g zf dnŪk` zvjjfzf ~foe~jenklf jv nvcfwf okjk, ge~ gkzw~k gkzw~knvk nvkww ivgkjk ivgkjkdz. dz. Ewv`j Ewv`jkk jî`g jî`g jdzwv~ jdzwv~klf klf v`fk v`fk jeoxe` jeoxe`kk kk gfxĊŔf gfxĊŔfzj zj relde relde~fe ~fe dnkfj dnkfjwkrf wkrfld~ ld~ jeoxe`ke fzwf v` fŔfj1 f}foxlv9 d jeoxe`kf gf zw~î`cf~f gf bd`gv~k xf`w~v d ejŪkv`f zev v` c~vx gf xf~zde`f gfberd~kyewf. ZxfjkelkŔwkk ~fjdoe`gĊ je kofgkew gvxĊ zwenklk~fe dnkfjwkrvlvk jeoxe`kfk zĊ zf jd`wv~fyf v` nvcfw x~flkok`e~. GejĊ zf jd`zwewĊ jĊ nvcfwvl fzwf ovlw x~fe okj, zf xdw ~fjd`zkgf~e dnkfjwkrflf Ŕk zf jd`zw~vkfŔwf v` `dv x~dkfjw gf jeoxe`kf. Jeljvlvl fbfjwkr el nvcfwvlvk zf xdewf bejf gvxĊ jf ev bdzw zwenklkwf zw~ewfckklf, wejwkjklf Ŕk jelf`g jelf`ge~v e~vll jeoxe jeoxe`kf `kfk.k. À` nvcfw nvcfw zf k`jlvg k`jlvgff wdewf wdewf jdzwv~ jdzwv~klf klf99 wkx wkxĊ~k Ċ~kwv~ wv~k,k, à`jmk~ à`jmk~kf~ kf~kk gf zxeŪkk zxeŪkk,, fjmkxeof`wf, oewf~kelf, gfxlezĊ~k, mdwflv~k, ofzf, ne``f~f, j~fe~fe gf ~fjleof / xe`dv~k, zxeŪkk 55
^dnf~w Af`gell, dx. jkw. x. >=: / >=7 73
jvoxĊ~ewf à` oezz/ofgke, zf~rkjkk gf xdŔwĊ, wflfbde`f, jdzwv~k gf xf~zd`el, elwf zf~rkjkk fwj. À` jeljvle~fe nvcfwvlvk zxfjkelkŔwkk zv`w gf ejd~g jv bd~ovle9 “jf~f oek ovlw gfjîw ek `frdkf‟. GvxĊ jf z/e bk}ew nvcfwvl bk`el, ejfzwe w~fnvkf jdoxe~ew jv fzwkoe~fe k`kŪkelĊ, jfe je~f e bdzw jdov`kjewĊ jd`gvjf~kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Fzwf gf gd~kw je à`w~f ejfzwfe zĊ `v f}kzwf gfdzfnk~k zw~kgf`wf. À` bk`el, nvcfwvl zf zvxv`f ex~dnĊ~kk jd`gvjf~kk àox~fv`Ċ jv Xle`vl gf jeoxe`kf.
6.>.;. X~djfgv~k gf frelve~f Frelve~fe ~fx~fyk`wĊ e`elkye zkzwfoewkjĊ e gfzbĊŔv~Ċ~kk jeoxe`kfk Ŕk e ~fyvlwewfld~ zelf. Fe `f xf~okwf zĊ jd`zwewĊo jf z/e jd`jfxvw Ŕk z/e f}fjvwew nk`f Ŕk jf `v, gejĊ z/ev bĊjvw x~dc~fzf Ŕk jf w~fnvkf odgkbkjew jd`jfxwvel à` rkkwd~. WdŪk zxfjkelkŔwkk zv`w gf ejd~g jv bexwvl jĊ frelve~fe jeoxe`kfk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf w~fnvkf x~krkwĊ je v` x~djfz jd`wk`vv, je~f w~fnvkf fbfjwvewĊ à` wdewf fwexflf zelf. X~djfzvl gf frelve~f `v `f e~ewĊ `voek gejĊ dnkfjwkrflf ev bdzw à`gfxlk`kwf, jk Ŕk gejĊ xle`vl gf jeoxe`kf e bdzw nk`f jd`jfxvw Ŕk gejĊ zw~ewfckklf Ŕk wejwkjklf ev bdzw jflf egfjrewf.
6.>.;.5. @krflv~k gf frelve~f ZxfjkelkŔwkk ex~fjkeyĊ jĊ x~djfzvl gf frelve~f w~fnvkf bĊjvw xf w~fk `krflv~k 9 frelve~fe xle`vlvk gf jeoxe`kf, frelve~fe koxlfof`wĊ~kk, frelve~fe koxejwvlvk. 5. Frelve~fe Xle`vlvk gf jeoxe`kf 9 zf zwenklfŔwf gejĊ k`bd~oeŪkklf je~f ev zwew le neye xle`vlvk ev bdzw zvbkjkf`wf Ŕk gf jelkwewf. À` frelve~f w~fnvkf xe~jv~Ŕk w~fk xeŔk9 e. frelve~fe egfjrĊ~kk k`bd~oeŪkfk k`bd~oeŪkfk bdldzkwf à` flend~e~fe Xle`vlvk9 zf zwenklfŔwf gejĊ ev bdzw jdoxlfwf Ŕk jd~fjw vwklkyewf, gejĊ ev f}kzwew xvnlkjv~k koxd~we`wf `flvewf à` jeljvl, gejĊ iv~`elkŔwkk ev zdlkjkwew gewf jf `v f~ev jvx~k`zf à` bejw ndda4 n. frelve~fe egfjrĊ~kk x~dc~eovlvk , e zw~ewfckkld~, Ŕk wejwkjkld~ x~dxvzf9 zf zwenklfŔwf gejĊ ofzeiflf Ŕk ejŪkv`klf xle`kbkjewf ev jd~fzxv`z zxfjkbkjvlvk gkbf~kwfld~ zkwveŪkk Ŕk gejĊ ev ervw fbfjwflf zjd`wewf. j. Frelve~fe jelkwĊŪkk ofzeifld~9 zf e`elkyfeyĊ xf~bd~oe`Ūe x~dbfzkd`elĊ, e zxfjkelkŔwkld~ à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf. >. Frelve~fe koxlfof`wĊ~kk 9 zf zwenklfŔwf c~egvl à` je~f wejwkjklf Ŕk/ev ewk`z zjdxvl, oĊzv~î`gv/zf wdwdgewĊ fbd~wvl gfxvz xf`w~v ~felkye~fe ejfzwd~e. Ejfezwe x~fzvxv`f9 e. Frkgf`Ūe `voĊ~vlvk gf ofzeif w~kokzf9 jdov`kjewf, zj~kzd~k, ~flewĊ~k, xvnlkjeŪkk, zev elwf bd~of jdov`kje~f w~e`zokzf xvnlkjv~kld~ rkyewf. n. Od`kwd~kye~fe Od`kwd~kye~fe ofzeifld~ je~f ev bdzw x~flvewf gf oezz/ofgke9 zf re jd`zwewe je~f ev bdzw ofzeiflf zev xĊ~Ūklf gk` ofzeif zflfjwewf gf oezz/ofgke Ŕk gejĊ ejfzwfe ev ewk`z xvnlkjv~klf rkyewf. j. Kgf`wkbkje~fe xvnlkjv~kld~ Ūk`wĊ je~f ev bdzw f}xvzf le ofzeiflf jeoxe`kfk9 @v w~fnvkf jd`bv`gewĊ evgkf`Ūe cf`f~elĊ jv evgkf`Ūe fbfjwkrĊ1 frelve~fe koxlkjĊ jf~jfwĊ~k jdoxlf}f Ŕk w~fnvkf bĊjvwĊ gf jĊw~f zxfjkelkŔwk. g. Zwenklk~fe `voĊ~vlvk jfld~ je~f ev ~fjfxwew ofzeiflf w~e`zokzf9 w~fnvkf frelvewf jîwf Ŕk jf bfl gf xf~zde`f ev k`w~ew à` xdzfzke ofzeivlvk Ŕk jvo l/ev xf~jfxvw. :. Frelve~fe koxejwvlvk9 zf oĊzde~Ċ odgvl à` je~f dnkfjwkrflf jeoxe`kfk ev bdzw ewk`zf Ŕk bffg/neja /vl /vl xf je~f l/ev w~e`zokz xvnlkjv~klf rkyewf. Ejfezwe x~fzvxv`f9 e. Zwenklk~fe `voĊ~vlvk gf xf~zde`f je~f Ŕk/ev à`zvŔkw ofzeiflf w~e`zokzf. n. Zwenklk~fe `voĊ~vlvk gf xf~zde`f je~f Ŕk/ev zjmkonew dxk`kklf gvxĊ8 ~fjfxwe~fe ofzeifld~ w~e`zokzf. 7=
j. Zwenklk~fe `voĊ~vlvk gf xf~zde`f je~f Ŕk/ev zjmkonew ewkwvgk`fe gvxĊ ~fjfxwe~fe ofzeifld~. Ejfzwf w~fk wkxv~k frelvĊ~k x~fzvxv` jdoxe~e~fe jv jv`dŔwk`Ūflf dxk`kklf, ewkwvgk`klf f}kzwf`wf à`ek`wf gf à`jfxf~fe jeoxe`kfk. Jf~jfwĊ~klf w~fnvkf bĊjvwf xf c~vxv~k ~fx~fyf`wewkrf gf xvnlkj rkyew, x~k` ofwdgf zdjkdldckjf. g. Zwenklk~fe `voĊ~vlvk gf xf~zde`f je~f ejŪkd`feyĊ à` gk~fjŪke zvcf~ewĊ gf ofzeif. f. Zwenklk~fe `voĊ~vlvk gf xf~zde`f je~f ~fxfwĊ zev x~dodrfey x~dodrfeyĊĊ jdoxd~weo jdoxd~weof`wvl f`wvl zvcf~ew gf jeoxe`kf. FrelvĊ~klf zf bej x~k` dnzf~re~f gk~fjwĊ zev k`gk~fjwĊ e c~vxv~kld~ zev k`gkrkykld~. b. Zwenklk~fe jd`w~knvŪkfk jeoxe`kfk le zjmkone~fe zdjkelĊ Ŕk jvlwv~elĊ xdykwkrĊ.
6.>.;.>. Ofwdgf gf frelve~f ZxfjkelkŔwkk ~fjdoe`gĊ d lkzwĊ gf ofwdgf gf frelve~f ezwbfl9 5. OĊzv~e~fe x~dgvjŪkfk x~k`9 k`rf`we~kf~fe x~dgvzfld~ jeoxe`kfk à`w~/d e`vokwĊ xf~kdegĊ gf wkox1 jd~fle~fe jd~fle~fe gk`w~f `voĊ~vl `voĊ~vl gf oewf~kelf oewf~kelf ~felkyewf ~felkyewf Ŕk wkoxvl wkoxvl jd`zvoew jd`zvoew xf`w~v x~dgvjf~f x~dgvjf~fee ld~9
>. OĊzv~e~fe gkzw~knvŪkfk9 oĊzv~e~fe x~dgvjwkrkwĊŪkk jv ~fxe~wkŪke xf gkbf~kwf oezz/ofgke e oewf~kelfld~ ~fzxfjwkrf. :. OĊzv~e~fe f}xv`f~kk ofzeivlvk à` oezz/ofgke. 7. OĊzv~e~fe ejv~ewfŪfk ofzeivlvk9 zf rf~kbkjĊ gejĊ flfof`wflf jmfkf elf ofzeivlvk ev bdzw xĊzw~ewf à` rf~zkv`klf gkzw~knvkwf gf oezz/ofgke. 6. OĊzv~e~fe ejjfxwĊ~kk gf jĊw~f evgkf`ŪĊ Ŕk e zjmkonĊ~kk gf ewkwvgk`f. 2. OĊzv~e~fe ejŪkv`kk evgkf`Ūfk.
7.58. Jd`jlvykk Zvjjf Zvjjfzvl zvl v`fk v`fk jeoxe jeoxe`kk `kk gf ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkk xvnlkj xvnlkjff nk`f nk`f xle`kb xle`kbkje kjewf wf gfxk`g gfxk`gf, f, gvxĊ gvxĊ dxk`ke dxk`ke zxfjkelkŔwkld~, gf Ŕezf bejwd~k fzf`Ūkelk9 e. gflfce~fe ~fzxd`zenklkwĊŪkld~1 ~ fzxd`zenklkwĊŪkld~1 n. bk}e~fe wf~of`fld~ lkokwĊ gf à`gfxlk`k~f e bkfjĊ~fk ejŪkv`k1 j. jd`w~dlvl jelkwĊŪkk x~dgvzfld~ gf jdov`kje~f1 g. jdov` jdov`kje kje~fe ~fe à` à` k`wf~k k`wf~kd~v d~vll fjmkxf fjmkxfk1 k1 f. jdov` jdov`kje kje~fe ~fe jv nf`f nf`fbkj bkjke~ ke~vl vl jeoxe jeoxe`kf `kfk1 k1 b. frel frelve ve~f ~fee xf~oe xf~oe`f `f`w `wĊ. Ċ.
Jexkwdlvl 2 ^FLEŮKKLF XVNLKJF À@ ZKWVEŮKK GF J^KYĎ 2.5. J~kye. Gfbk`kŪkf. Wkxdldckk 7;
D~kjf d~ce`kyeŪkf zf xdewf jd`b~v`we jv d zkwveŪkf gf j~kyĊ, à` oĊzv~Ċ zĊ/k xv`Ċ à` xf~kjdl bv`jŪkd`e~fe fk `d~oelĊ Ŕk ~fxvweŪke gf je~f zf nvjv~Ċ à` zdjkfwewf. D gfbk`kŪkf e j~kyfk9 J^KYE ~fx~fyk`wĊ v` frf`kof`w oeid~, kox~fgkjwknkl, je~f xdewf jd`gvjf le fbfjwf `fcewkrf1 ejfzwfe xdw ebfjwe d~ce`kyeŪke à` e`zeonlvl fk, zev zfjwd~kel, e`ceieŪkk, x~dgvzflf, zf~rkjkklf, zwe~fe bk`e`jke~Ċ, ~fxvweŪke J~kyflf xdw bk9 / j~fewf gf `ewv~Ċ 9 jvw~fov~f, k`jf`gkk gfjle`Ŕewf gf bvlcf~f, bv~wv`k v~keŔf, k`reykk gf k`zfjwf, zfjfwĊ, k`v`geŪkk fwj. / ~fyvlwewf à` v~oe v`fk ejŪkv`k k`wf`Ūkd`ewf9 / ejwf wf~d~kzwf, / w~e`zc~fzkv`klf9 f}9 zje`gelv~klf ZEBK, B@K. / ~fyvlwewf à` v~oe v`d~ ejwf `fk`wf`Ūkd`ewf9 gewd~e ~ewf wf v`d~ v`d~ gfbfjŪ gfbfjŪkv kv`k `k wfm` wfm`kj kjff zev zev f~d~ f~d~kk voe` voe`f, f, f}9 f}9 / Ejjkgf`wf Ejjkgf`wflf lf9 / gewd ejjkgf`wflf erkewkjf1 / c~fŔflklf9 f}foxlv9 `fclkif`Ūflf gk`w~/v` zxkwel je~f ev je ~fyvlwew ode~wfe oek ovlwd~ xejkf`Ūk1
2.>. Fwexflf v`fk j~kyf9
5. Fwexe gf x~fj~kyĊ 9 e. gfwfjwe~fe zfo`elfld~ gf j~kyĊ / d j~kyĊ, gf ~fcvlĊ e~f zfo`elf gf e`wkjkxe~f jf xdw bk gfwfjwewf1 n. x~frf`k~fe j~kyfk x~k`9 / oe`ecfof`wvl x~dnlfofld~ / jd`w~dlvl x~dnlfofld~ Ŕk lve~fe oĊzv~kld~ xf`w~v je ejfzwfe zĊ `v cf`f~fyf d j~kyĊ1 / frkwe~fe ~kzjv~kld~ / lve~fe gf oĊzv~k je~f zĊ ~fgvjĊ `krflv~klf gf ~kzj1 / jd`z jd`zw~ w~vk vk~f ~fee ~fle ~fleŪk Ūkkld kld~~ / jdov jdov`k `kje je~f ~fee gfzj gfzjmk mkzĊ zĊ,, zk`j zk`jf~ f~Ċ, Ċ, zjmk zjmkon onv~ v~kl klff gf k`bd~oeŪkk1 j. x~fcĊwk~fe j~kyfk / kgf`wkbkje~fe flfof`wfld~ rvl`f~enklf j~fe~fe jflvlfk gf j~kyĊ, flend~e~fe Xle`vlvk gf Oe`ecfof`w e j~kyfk1 >. Fwexe gf j~kyĊ / à`jfxf ewv`jk jî`g v` frf`kof`w/gfjle`Ŕewd~ oe~jmfeyĊ à`jfxvwvl j~kyfk9 À` jeg~vl ejfzwfke zf gkzwk`c elwf w~fk fwexf9 e. ~fjv`deŔwf~fe j~kyfk / e`elkye odgvlvk à` je~f dxk`ke xvnlkjĊ fwkjmfwfeyĊ Ŕk jd`Ŕwkf`wkyfeyĊ j~kye1 n. zwĊxî`k~fe j~kyfk / oĊzv~k lvewf xf`w~v e zf ~Ċzxv`gf zkwveŪkfk, ~fydlrĊ~kk x~dnlfofld~ cf`f~ewf gf j~kyĊ Ŕk k`bd~oĊ~kk xvnlkjf lfcewf gf j~kyĊ1 j. ~flve~fe ejwkrkwĊŪkld~ ejwkrkwĊŪkld~ / zf e~ewĊ jĊ xf~kdege gf j~kyĊ e w~fjvw Ŕk zf w~fjf le d ejwkrkwewf `d~oelĊ1 : Fwexe xdzw/j~kyĊ Fwexe xdzw/j~kyĊ / koxlkjĊ rf~kbkje~fe odgvlvk à` je~f e bdzw xf~jfxvwĊ j~kye gf jĊw~f xvnlkj, koxlkjeŪkkld~ ejfzwfke ezvx~e d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk lve~fe oĊzv~klf gf x~frf`k~f Ŕk cfzwkd`e~f e v`fk j~kyf ezfoĊ`Ċwde~f. ezfoĊ`Ċwde~f.
2.:. Oe`ecfof`wvl j~kyfld~
ZkwveŪkklf gf j~kyĊ ~fx~fyk`wĊ jfl oek zfrf~ wfzw xf`w~v welf`wflf zxfjkelkŔwkld~ à` gdof`kvl ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf, oek ovlw gfjîw d~kje~f elw zjf`e~kv. Gk` ejfzw xv`jw gf rfgf~f, à` zf~rkjkvl zf~rkjkvl gf ~fleŪkk ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf xvnlkjf el Xf`wecd` Xf`wecd`vlvk vlvk jk~jvlĊ gdvĊ nvwegf9 DbkŪf~vl gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf jv v` xez à`ek`wfe erkd`vlvk. Ŕk .Jîoxvl gf lvxwĊ el ~fleŪkkld~ xvnlkjf fzwf x~fzĊ~ew jv <
Oe`ecfof`wvl j~kyfld~ zf bejf xf neye v`vk Xle` gf j~kyĊ je~f jvx~k`gf v` zfw jdoxlfw gf x~djfgv~k je~f w~fnvkf exlkjewf à` wdewf zfjwde~flf ebfjwewf gf j~kyĊ. V` oe`ecfof`w fbkjkf`w gf j~kyĊ k`jlvgf, je d jdoxd`f`wĊ fzf`ŪkelĊ, jdov`kje~fe gf j~kyĊ.
2.7. Jdov`kje~fe gf j~kyĊ
Fzwf jdov`kje~fe gk`w~f d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk xvnlkjvl zĊv, à` wkoxvl Ŕk gvxĊ frf`kof`wflf `fcewkrf, x~dkfjwewĊ Ŕk ~felkyewĊ, ezwbfl à`jîw zĊ ~fgvjĊ flfof`wflf xf~kjvldezf je~f e~ xvwfe ebfjwe koeck`fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk Jdov`kje~fe gf j~kyĊ x~fzvxv`f 9 5. Frelve~fe ~kzjv~kld~ gf j~kyĊ1 >. Xle`kbkje~fe jdov`kjĊ~kk gf j~kyĊ1 :. ^Ċzxv`zvl le ~fbejf~fe koeck`kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk.
2.6. Frelve~fe ~kzjv~kld~ gf j~kyĊ
Zf ~felkyfeyĊ gf jĊw~f jdokzkk ok}wf, k`wf~gfxe~weof`welf, jdoxvzf gk` zxfjkelkŔwk ek d~ce`kyeŪkfk zev bk~ofld~ gf jd`zvlwk`c , je~f e`elkyfeyĊ9 e`elkyfeyĊ9 / eof`k`ŪĊ~klf xdzknklf1 / koxejwvl ezvx~e d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / ~kzjv~klf xdwf`Ūkelf1 / zkwveŪkklf gf j~kyĊ x~k` je~f e oek w~fjvw d~ce`kyeŪke1 / oĊzv~klf jf zf koxv` e bk lvewf1
2.2. Xle`vl gf jdov`kje~f gf j~kyĊ
Xf`w~v oe`ecfof`wvl fbkjkf`w el j~kyfk fzwf `fjfze~ zĊ zf à`wdjofezjĊ à`jĊ gk` xf~kdege gf ejelokf v` Xle` el jdov`kjĊ~kk gf j~kyĊ. Xle`vl fzwf à`wdjokw gf jĊw~f zxfjkelkŔwkk à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf je~f w~fnvkf zĊ zf koxlkjf à` wdewf fwexflf Ŕk à` wdewf frf`kof`wflf ezdjkewf j~kyfk. D d~ce`kyeŪkf w~fnvkf zĊ eknĊ oek ovlwf Xle`v~k gf j~kyĊ egexwewf gkbf~kwfld~ wkxv~k gf j~kyf k`rf`we~kewf. Gfzx~f odgvl gf ejŪkv`f à` xĊ~Ūklf jf àk x~krfzj kev le jv`dŔwk`ŪĊ, zvn zfo`Ċwv~Ċ, wdŪk jfk jf ev ew~knvŪkk à` ezwbfl gf zkwveŪkk. Xv`f~fe à` exlkje~f e Xle`vlvk e`c~f`feyĊ okildejf Ŕk ~fzv~zf x~dx~kk zev à`jmk~kewf bexw jf x~fzvxv`f e bk x~frĊyvwf bd`gv~k, zxfjkel eldjewf, xf`w~v zkwveŪkk gf j~kyĊ. ZkwveŪkklf gf j~kyĊ koxlkjĊ d x~dnlfoewkjĊ e jdov`kjĊ~kk, je~f zf egevcĊ gkbkjvlwĊŪkld~ lfcewf gf cfzwkd`e~fe bf`dof`fld~ `feŔwfxwewf Ŕk `fgd~kwf.
XLE@ GF JDOV@KJE^F GF J^KYĎ XF@W^V ZKWVEŮKE9 -Zf w~fjf zkwveŪke x~frĊyvwĊ+ Jd`Ūk`vw9 xf~zde`fl `flff je~f je~f ev ew~knv ew~knvŪkk Ūkk à` jeg~v jeg~vll zkwve zkwveŪkf Ūkfkk of`Ūk of`Ūkd`e d`ewf, wf, gewe gewe Ŕk 5. Wenflvl jv xf~zde zfo`Ċwv~e gf lve~f le jv`dŔwk`ŪĊ1 >. Xe~wfe k`w~dgvjwkrĊ / Zf bejf v` zjv~w kzwd~kj el j~kyfk xdwf`Ūkelf Ŕk odwkreŪke xf`w~v je~f z/e à`wdjokw xle`vl1 :. Zjdxv~k Ŕk dnkfjwkrf 65
/ Zf f}x~koĊ x~k`jkxkklf gf ejŪkv`f elf d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk odgv~klf gf à`gfxlk`k~f e ejfzwd~e1 zf x~fjkyfeyĊ ejflf k`bd~oeŪkk zev xdlkwkjk je~f, gk` gkbf~kwf odwkrf, `v xdw bk bĊjvwf xvnlkjf. 7. Zwebb /vl /vl gf j~kyĊ el d~ce`kyeŪkfk / zf x~fjkyfeyĊ9 `voflf, x~f`voflf, bv`jŪke à` jeg~vl zkwveŪkfk gf j~kyĊ, ldjvl v`gf xdewf bk cĊzkw, okildejflf gf lfcĊwv~Ċ jv je~f xdewf bk exflew. 6. Zjf`e~kvl zkwveŪkfk gf j~kyĊ xdwf`ŪkelĊ / Xf neye kzwd~kjvlvk zkwveŪkfk gf j~kyĊ gk` yd`e d~ce`kyeŪkfk, zev gk` elwf yd`f, zf à`wdjofŔwf v` zjv~w zjf`e~kv, kxdwfwkj1 / Zjf`e~kvl xdewf bk à`wdjokw, à` frdlvŪke ze, jv odof`wflf zfo`kbkjewkrf Ŕk odgvl x~frkyknkl gf odgkbkje~f e zkwveŪkfk gf j~kyĊ1 / ZjmkonĊ~klf zfo`kbkjewkrf à` zkwveŪke gf j~kyĊ zf oe~jmfeyĊ jv O/5, O/>, O/:.....O/`. Zjf`e~kvl zkwveŪkfk gf j~kyĊ fzwf, gf ~fcvlĊ, kgf`wkj jv jfl gk` Xle`vl zkwveŪkfk gf j~kyĊ el d~ce`kyeŪkfk. 2. Lkzwe jv d~ce`kyeŪkklf koxlkjewf à` cfzwkd`e~fe j~kyfk / Zf rd~ jd`zfo`e eg~fzflf, odgvl gf exfle~f, el zwebb /v~kld~ /v~kld~ d~ce`kyeŪkkld~, okildejflf gf lfcĊwv~Ċ jv zw~vjwv~klf gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf elf ejfzwd~e. 3. Lkzwe jv d~ce`flf d~ce`flf egok`kzw~e egok`kzw~eŪkfk Ūkfk xvnlkjf xvnlkjf ldjelf ldjelf, okildejf gf lfcĊwv~Ċ Ŕk odgvl gf exfle~f. =. Lkzwe jv k`zwkwvŪkklf gf k`wf~rf`Ūkf ldjelf / xdlkŪkf, xdoxkf~k, x~dwfjŪkf jkrklĊ, zelre~f / okildejf gf lfcĊwv~Ċ Ŕk odgvl gf exfle~f el ejfzwd~e. ;. BkŔkf~flf gf x~fzĊ xf`w~v zkwveŪkk gf j~kyĊ. 58. Lkzwe jv xf~zd`elvl gf k`wf~rf`Ūkf / ZxfjkelkŔwkk gk` jeg~vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk, eg~fzf, okildejf gf lfcĊwv~Ċ. 55. NĊ`jk gf gewf zwewkzwkjf zev gf e~mkrĊ je~f e~ xvwfe bk bdldzkwf dxd~wv` xf wkoxvl gfzbĊŔv~Ċ~kk j~kyfk. 5>. D zk`wfyĊ x~krk`g frdlvŪke v`fk j~kyf ezfoĊ`Ċwde~f, e odgvlvk gf cfzwkd`e~f Ŕk jd`jlvykklf ~fyvlwewf 5:. D~ce`kye~fe Jf`w~vlvk gf X~fzĊ xf`w~v zkwveŪke gf j~kyĊ ZxfjkbkjeŪkk9 / zf zxfjkbkjĊ à`jĊxf~klf à` je~f zf d~ce`kyfeyĊ Ŕk jdoxe~wkof`wflf je~f/l jdoxv`1 / v`e gk` à`jĊxf~k w~fnvkf zĊ bkf zvbkjkf`w gf oe~f xf`w~v e xf~okwf d~ce`kye~fe gf jd`bf~k`Ūf gf x~fzĊ1 / zf zwenklfŔwf zwenklfŔwf Ŕfbvl Jf`w~vlvk gf X~fzĊ je~f jdd~gd`feyĊ jdd~gd`feyĊ à`w~fece ejwkrkwewf ejwkrkwewf xf wkoxvl wkoxvl j~kyfk1 / zf zwenklfŔwf Xv~wĊwd~vl gf jvrî`w xf`w~v zkwveŪke gf j~kyĊ Ŕk ldjvl v`gf xdewf bk cĊzkw. Ejfzwe xdewf bk Ŕfbvl zw~vjwv~kk gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zev d elwĊ xf~zde`Ċ gk` zwebb /vl /vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Gf ~fcvlĊ, fzwf d xf~zde`Ċ gkbf~kwĊ gf jfe e Ŕfbvlvk Jf`w~vlvk gf x~fzĊ1 / zf zwenklfzj xf~zde`flf gk` zw~vjwv~e gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf zev jflf gewf à` zx~kik` xf`w~v zkwveŪkk gf j~kyĊ je~f k`w~Ċ à` Jf`w~vl gf x~fzĊ, eg~fze Ŕk odgvl gf exfle~f à` wkoxvl jfl oek zjv~w. Jf`w~vl gf x~fzĊ zf zwenklfŔwf à` elwf à`jĊxf~k gfjîw jflf elf Jf`w~vlvk gf jd`gvjf~f e j~kyfk1 zf re erfe à` rfgf~f je ejfzwfe zĊ bkf ex~dxkewf xf`w~v d jdlend~e~f ~exkgĊ Ŕk fbkjkf`wĊ1 / le gfjle`Ŕe~fe j~kyfk zv`w e`v`ŪeŪk iv~`elkŔwkk gfzx~f ldjvl v`gf fzwf k`zwelew Jf`w~vl gf x~fzĊ. Jf`w~vl gf x~fzĊ xv`f le gkzxdykŪke x~fzfk wdewf gewflf x~krk`g x~fokzflf gfjle`ŔĊ~kk j~kyfk, zwebb /vl /vl je~f cfzwkd`feyĊ j~kye Ŕk oĊzv~klf lvewf xf`w~v cfzwkd`e~fe j~kyfk. À`w~fcvl xf~zd`el gk` Jf`w~vl gf x~fzĊ w~fnvkf zĊ bkf le jv~f`w jv frdlvŪke j~kyfk Ŕk oĊzv~klf lvewf. W~fnvkf zĊ frkwf, à`zĊ e ge gewf x~fzfk, elwflf gfjîw jflf mdwĊ~îwf gf Ŕfbvl Jf`w~vlvk gf x~fzĊ
6>
2.3. Wfm`kjklf vyvelf gf jdov`kje~f9
5 Jdov`kjewvl gf x~fzĊ E~f ~dlvl gf e k`bd~oe iv~`elkŔwkk iv~`elkŔwkk gfzx~f gfzx~f zkwveŪke j~fewĊ j~fewĊ Ŕk gfzx~f gfjkykklf gfjkykklf je~f ev bdzw gfie lvewf. Ejfzwe `v gfxĊŔfŔwf, gf dnkjfk, d xeck`Ċ. Jd`Ūk`vw9 / x~fyf`we~fe, xf zjv~w, e frf`kof`wvlvk1 / x~fjkye~fe odgvlvk Ŕk e oĊzv~kk à` je~f d~ce`kyeŪke fzwf ~fzxd`zenklĊ gf zkwveŪke gf j~kyĊ1 / `voflf xf~zde`fk je~f jd`gvjf fjmkxe gf oe`ecfof`w e j~kyfk1 / odgvl à` je~f zf x~fjd`kyfeyĊ ~fydlre~fe x~dnlfofk. Xf xe~jv~zvl frdlvŪkfk zkwveŪkfk gf j~kyĊ rd~ v~oe Ŕk elwf jdov`kjewf je~f rd~ frkgf`Ūke oĊzv~klf lvewf gf d~ce`kyeŪkf xf`w~v lkokwe~fe fbfjwfld~ `fcewkrf, cf`f~ewf gf j~kyĊ. > Jd`bf~k`Ūe gf x~fzĊ . Gew bkk`g k`wf~fzvl gfdzfnkw oe`kbfzwew gf x~fzĊ xf`w~v k`bd~oeŪkk jîw oek eoxlf gfzx~f jd`zfjk`Ūflf j~kyfk, oek elfz ewv`jk jî`g ejfezwe fzwf gf oe~f eoxlde~f, zwebb/vl gf j~kyĊ mdwĊ~ĊŔwf gejĊ fzwf dxd~wv`Ċ d~ce`kye~fe v`fk jd`bf~k`Ūf gf x~fzĊ, kofgkew gvxĊ gfjle`Ŕe~fe j~kyfk zev oek wî~ykv. /vl w~fnvkf zĊ Ŕwkf jĊ `v w~fnvkf zĊ lezf x~fe ovlw wkox x~fze bĊ~Ċ k`bd~oeŪkk .le Zwebb /vl , gfde~fjf, à` zkwveŪkk gf j~kyĊ, à` lkxze v`d~ k`bd~oeŪkk jdoxlfwf, f}ejwf Ŕk gkzw~knvkwf le dnkfjw , wkox, wko x, à`jfxf à`jfxf zĊ bv`jŪk bv`jŪkd`f d`fyf yf oeŔk`e Yrd`v~klf klf,, dgewĊ dgewĊ xd~`kw xd~`kwf, f, zf oeŔk`e gf ben~kj ben~kjew ew yrd`v~ yrd`v~k. k.. Yrd`v~ ~Ċzxî`gfzj jv ~exkgkwewf Ŕk cf`f~feyĊ wdw bflvl gf wfd~kk Ŕk rf~zkv`k je~f gvj le gfyk`bd~oe~fe xvnlkjvlvk Ŕk egvj x~fivgkjkk bde~wf zf~kdezf d~ce`kyeŪkfk. Gfyeod~ze~fe yrd`v~kld~ zf bejf x~k`9 e. Frkwe~fe zkwveŪkkld~ je~f jd`w~knvkf le `eŔwf~fe yrd`v~kld~9 / lkxze gf k`bd~oeŪkk evwf`wkjf1 / f}kzwf`Ūe v`d~ k`bd~oeŪkk k`jdoxlfwf Ŕk xĊ~wk`kwde~f1 / f}kzwf`Ūe v`d~ zkwveŪkk à`jĊ~jewf gf wfof~k Ŕk `fzkcv~e`ŪĊ1 / f}kzwf`Ūe v`d~ gkbkjvlwĊŪk à` jeg~vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / xf~xfwve~fe zf`yeŪkfk jĊ d~ce`kyeŪke `v zwĊxî`fŔwf j~kye. n. E`elkye jevyfld~ Ŕk zv~zfld~ gf elkof`we~f e yrd`v~kld~1 j. Frelve~fe zjdxvlvk, zf~kdykwĊŪkk Ŕk bd~Ūfk gf koxejw e yrd`v~kld~1 g. Ezkcv~ Ezkcv~e~f e~fee xf~zde xf~zde`fl `fld~ d~ ebfjwe ebfjwewf wf gf yrd`v~ yrd`v~kk jĊ d~ce`k d~ce`kye yeŪke Ūke fzwf fzwf x~fdjv x~fdjvxew xewĊĊ Ŕk à`w~fx~k`gf oĊzv~k fbkjkf`wf gf ~fofgkf~f e zkwveŪkfk1 f. ^Ċzxî`gk~fe gf jd`w~eyrd`v~k x~k` jdlfck Ŕk xf~zde`f gf à`j~fgf~f. : Gdze~vl gf x~fzĊ Zf à`wdjofŔwf zxfjkel xf`w~v zkwveŪke gf j~kyĊ. Jvx~k`gf9 / v` jdov`kjew gf x~fzĊ ~fbf~kwd~ le zkwveŪke gf j~kyĊ1 / gewf cf`f~elf gfzx~f d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / kzwd~kjvl d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / lkzwe jv ofon~kk zwebb /vlvk /vlvk gf j~kyĊ1 / bdwdc~ebkk elf x~k`jkxelkld~ ofon~k ek fjmkxfk gf j~kyĊ. D oe~f xe~wf gk` ejfzwf x~dnlfof zf ~fcĊzfzj à` Xle`vl gf jdov`kje~f gf j~kyĊ à`wdjokw gk`ek`wf, jv gewf ejwvelkyewf gk` odof`wvl à`jfxf~kk zkwveŪkfk gf j~kyĊ.
2.55. Xv~wĊwd~vl gf jvrî`w xf`w~v zkwveŪke gf j~kyĊ Ze~jk`k9
6:
/ cfzwkd`feyĊ jd`zkzwf`Ūe Ŕk ejv~ewfŪfe ofzeifld~ xf je~f d~ce`kyeŪke lf w~e`zokwf jĊw~f xvnlkjvl fk1 / bejf xe~wf gk` fjmkxe gf j~kyĊ Ŕk w~fnvkf zĊ jv`dezjĊ à` xf~oe`f`ŪĊ wdewf ezxfjwflf lfcewf gf cfzwkd`e~fe j~kyfk Ŕk xv`jwflf gf rfgf~f elf lkgf~vlvk d~ce`kyeŪkfk1 / f}x~koĊ v` xv`jw gf rfgf~f dbkjkel1 / zf eblĊ xf~oe`f`w à` x~feioe lkgf~vlvk d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk fzwf le jv~f`w jv wdewf oĊzv~klf xf je~f lf ke ejfzwe Ŕk zwebb /vl /vl gf j~kyĊ1 / xf wkoxvl jîw zf eblĊ à` wf~f`, le ldjvl gf gfzbĊŔv~e~f e j~kyfk, of`Ūk`f xf~oe`f`w lfcĊwv~Ċ jv Ŕfbvl Jf`w~vlvk gf x~fzĊ jĊ~vke àk xv`f le gkzxdykŪkf wdewf gewflf `fjfze~f xf`w~v à`wdjok~fe à`wdjok~fe gdze~fld~ gdze~fld~ gf x~fzĊ, x~fzĊ, e jdov`kje jdov`kjewfld~ wfld~ gf x~fzĊ Ŕk xf`w~v xf`w~v x~fcĊwk~fe x~fcĊwk~fe jd`bf~k`Ūfl jd`bf~k`Ūfld~ d~ gf x~fzĊ1 / w~fnvkf zĊ jd`w~dlfyf à`w~fnĊ~klf gkbkjklf Ŕk zĊ xdewĊ zflfjwe ~exkg gk` `dke`vl gf à`w~fnĊ~k je~f gk` flf fzwf jfe oek koxd~we`wĊ xf`w~v e ge ~Ċzxv`z1 / fzwf à` xf~oe`f`ŪĊ k`wf~beŪe gk`w~f lkgf~vl je~f cfzwkd`feyĊ j~kye Ŕk iv~`elkŔwk, lĊzî`gv/k ejfzwvke lknf~wewfe gf e jd`gvjf ejwkrkwĊŪklf Ŕk jv xf~wv~neŪkk jîw oek xvŪk`f. / w~fnvkf zĊ jv`dezjĊ nk`f x~k`jkxkvl gvxĊ je~f zf cmkgfeyĊ iv~`elkŔwkk à` zkwveŪkk gf j~kyĊ9 R~fo zĊ Ŕwko wdwvl Ŕk ejvo. / fzwf xkd`vl x~k`jkxel je~f frkwĊ medzvl à` x~dnlfof gf jdov`kje~f Ŕk xvnlkje~fe gf k`bd~oeŪkk f~d`ewf à` x~fzĊ. / zwenklfŔwf, àox~fv`Ċ jv lkgf~vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk, odgvl Ŕk odof`wflf à` je~f zf rd~ gfzbĊŔv~e jd`bf~k`Ūflf gf x~fzĊ xf wkoxvl gfzbĊŔv~Ċ~kk j~kyfk.
2.5>. Zxfjkelkzwvl à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf xf wkoxvl zkwveŪkkld~ gf j~kyĊ
Zxfjke ZxfjkelkŔ lkŔwkk wkk à` ~fleŪk ~fleŪkkk xvnlkj xvnlkjff ev okzkv` okzkv`fe fe gf e of`Ūk of`Ūk`f `f jd`wej jd`wejwvl wvl xf~oe` xf~oe`f`w f`w jv iv~`elkŔwkk, ezwbfl à`jîw gewflf zdlkjkwewf gf ejfŔwke zĊ bkf w~e`zokzf jv oe}koĊ dxf~ewkrkwewf. Lkwf~ewv~e gf zxfjkelkwewf ~fgĊ à` gfwelkv jdoxd~weof`wvl k`gkjew xf`w~v ezwbfl gf zkwveŪkk je~f jd`zwĊ à`9 / zĊ zf k`bd~ofyf à` gfwelkv ezvx~e frf`kof`wfld~, e jevyfld~ ejfzwd~e Ŕk, oek elfz ezvx~e jd`zfjk`Ūfld~, à` xle` voe` Ŕk oewf~kel1 / zĊ jv`dezjĊ wdewf oĊzv~klf lvewf, à` wkoxvl Ŕk gvxĊ frf`kof`w, gf jĊw~f d~ce`kyeŪkf1 / zĊ jd`rdejf x~fze jmke~ à`ek`wf je iv~`elkŔwkk zĊ jfe~Ċ ejfezwe le jf`w~vl gf x~fzĊ d~ce`kyew jv ejfezwĊ djeykf1 / zĊ bejĊ jv`dzjvw jv`dzjvw iv~`elkŔw iv~`elkŔwkld~ kld~ jĊ ekjk cĊzfzj jflf oek jdoxlfwf jdoxlfwf Ŕk rf~kgkjf rf~kgkjf k`bd~oeŪkk ezvx~e gfzbĊŔv~Ċ~kk frf`kof`wfld~ Ŕk jd`zfjk`Ūfld~ jd`zfjk`Ūfld~ ejfzwd~e1 / zĊ ~Ċzxv`gĊ le à`w~fnĊ~klf iv~`elkŔwkld~ à` odg jle~ Ŕk gfwelkew1 / zĊ xĊzw~fyf d frkgf`ŪĊ e k`bd~oeŪkkld~ xf`w~v e `v zf ~fxfwe1 / zĊ bejklkwfyf ejjfzvl iv~`elkŔwkld~ le ldjvl frf`kof`wfld~ Ŕk zĊ/k jd`zklkfyf à` e `v koxkfwe oĊzv~klf jf zf kev xf`w~v lkokwe~fe fbfjwfld~ j~kyfk1 / zĊ jd`gvjĊ à` odg gflkjew `fcdjkf~klf à`w~f x~fzĊ Ŕk ~fx~fyf`we`Ūkk d~ce`kyeŪkfk à` jffe jf x~krfŔwf k`bd~oeŪkklf xvnlkjf Ŕk jflf zvn fone~cd1 / zĊ `v gfyrĊlvkf `voflf rkjwkofld~ à`ek`wf je beoklkklf ejfzwd~e zĊ bkf e`v`Ūewf ke~ x~fze w~fnvkf zĊ jv`dezjĊ ejfezwe Ŕk zĊ zf jd`bd~ofyf1 / ewv`jk jî`g zv`w dnlkceŪk zĊ ~fjv`dezjĊ v` bexw gfie jv`dzjvw gf x~fzĊ zĊ zf lkokwfyf le jd`bk~oe~fe ejfzwvke Ŕk le gfbk`kwkre~fe k`bd~oeŪkfk, bĊ~Ċ e à`jf~je zĊ d zjmkonf1 / zĊ `v lf bkf wfeoĊ zĊ/Ŕk jd`w~eykjĊ e`vokwf ebk~oeŪkk, gejĊ frdlvŪke zkwveŪkfk lf k`bk~oĊ x~koflf e`elkyf9 jd`w~eykjf~fe fzwf x~fbf~enklĊ v`fk ok`jkv`k.
2.2.58. Zw~ewfckk gf ~fbejf~f e koeck`kk xdzw j~kyĊ 67
5 Zw~ewfcke `fcĊ~kk / `fce~fe f}kzwf`Ūfk j~kyfk zev jĊ à`w~f d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk j~kyĊ `v f}kzwĊ v` ~exd~w gf wkx jevyĊ/fbfjw. > Zw~ewfcke gkzwe`ŪĊ~kk / zf ejjfxwĊ f}kzwf`Ūe j~kyfk ge~ `v f}kzwĊ lfcĊwv~k koxd~we`wf à`w~f d~ce`kyeŪkf Ŕk j~kyĊ. : Zw~ewfcke k`w~Ċ~kk à` c~eŪkk / rkyfeyĊ jîŔwkce~fe zkoxewkfk zev ex~dnĊ~kk xvnlkjvlvk x~k` jd`fjwe~fe d~ce`kyeŪkfk le ejflf ejwkrkwĊŪk je~f zv`w reld~kyewf xdykwkr gf jĊw~f xvnlkj. : Zw~ewfcke voklk~kk / rkyfeyĊ dnŪk`f~fe kf~wĊ~kk xvnlkjvlvk Ŕk jd`rk`cf~fe lvk zĊ ejjfxwf j~kye. 7 Zw~ewfcke zvbf~k`Ūfk / x~k` je~f zf gd~fŔwf jîŔwkce~fe zkoxewkfk xvnlkjvlvk x~k` ezvoe ezvoe~fe ~fe zvbf~k zvbf~k`Ūf `Ūfld~ ld~ x~dgvz x~dgvzff gf j~kyĊ j~kyĊ Ŕk x~fyf x~fyf`we `we~fe ~fe d~ce` d~ce`kye kyeŪkf Ūkfkk je d rkjwko rkjwkoĊĊ e v`fk v`fk jd`iv`jwv~k f}wf~`f `fberd~enklf. Zw~ewfckklf gf ~fbejf~f e koeck`kk zf zwenklfzj gvxĊ bk`elkye~fe zkwveŪkfk gf j~kyĊ. /vl d~ce`kyeŪkfk, bv`jŪkf gf jevyflf Ŕk odgvl à` je~f e gfjv~z j~kye, dxwfeyĊ, gf Zwebb /vl ~fcvlĊ, xf`w~v bdldzk~fe v`d~ re~ke`wf je~f jdonk`Ċ jflf jk`jk wkxv~k gf zw~ewfckk, gî`g xd`gf~f oek oe~f zev oek okjĊ v`fke zev elwfke gk`w~f re~ke`wf. Jd`jlvykk bk`elf9 Cfzwkd`e~fe j~kyfld~ gk` xv`jw gf rfgf~f el jdov`kjĊ~kk ~fx~fyk`wĊ jfl oek zfrf~ f}eof` xf`w~v zxfjkelkŔwkk à` ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf je~f lf gĊ `dwe le jexkwdlvl x~dbfzkd`elkzo. D jdov`kje~f fbkjkf`wĊ Ŕk le odgvl x~dbfzkd`el jd`w~knvkf à` odg gfjkzkr le ~fgvjf~fe k`blvf`Ūfld~ `fcewkrf ezvx~e koeck`kk d~ce`kyeŪkfk Ŕk le ~fbejf~fe fk.
XVNLKJKWEWFE Jexkwdlvl 3
66
XVNLKJKWEWFE. END^GĎ^K WFD^FWKJF 3.5. Gfbk`kŪkk
Wf~of`vl gf XVNLKJKWEWF fzwf gf d~kck`f lewk`Ċ Ŕk x~drk`f gf le rf~nvl xvnlkjd / xvnlkje~f jffe jf zfo`kbkjĊ egvjf~f egvjf~fee le jv`dŔwk` jv`dŔwk`ŪĊ ŪĊ e xvnlkjvl xvnlkjvlvk vk . Fzwf gfjk ~fyvlwewvl eg~fzĊ~kk jĊw~f xvnlkj. Xvnlkjkwewfe ~fx~fyk`wĊ d~kjf bd~oĊ xlĊwkwĊ gf x~fyf`we~f zk x~dodre~f `d`xf~zd`elĊ e kgfkld~, nv`v~kld~ zev zf~rkjkkld~ gf jĊw~f v` zxd`zd~ kgf`wkbkjew d~kjf bd~oĊ bd~oĊ gf x~fyf` x~fyf`we~ we~ff e v`fk v`fk ejwkr ejwkrkwĊ kwĊŪk Ūk jdof~ jdof~jke jkelf, lf, k`gvzw k`gvzw~ke ~kelf, lf, Xvnlkjkwewf ‚ d~kjf e~wkye`elf zev lknf~/x~dbfzkd`kzwf, erî`g je zjdx x~dodre~fe rî`yĊ~kk gf nv`v~k Ŕk zf~rkjkk, gf g~fxwv~k Ŕk dnlkceŪkk -Lfcfe xvnlkjkwĊŪkk, `~ 57=$>888+.
3.>. Wkxv~k gf xvnlkjkwewf9
GkjŪkd`e~vl f}xlkjewkr gf iv~`elkzo, ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk xvnlkjkwewf, evwd~ J~. Bl. Xdxfzjv, jkwî`g lkwf~ewv~e zw~Ċk`Ċ Ŕk d zf~kf gf f}xf~Ūk à` gdof`kv jlezkbkjĊ xvnlkjkwewfe je bkk`g gf oek ovlwf wkxv~k. à`g~fxwewĊ zx~f ejfke ejfke 5. Xvnlkjkwewfe jdof~jkelĊ ? xvnlkjkwewfe nv`v~kld~ Ŕk zf~rkjkkld~ à`g~fxwewĊ je~f lf bdldzfzj xf`w~v e x~dgvjf elwf nv`v~k Ŕk zf~rkjkk. Nf`fbkjke~kk k`gvzw~kelk jevwĊ x~dgvzf zev zf~rkjkk je~f zĊ lf bdldzfezjĊ gk~fjw zev k`gk~fjw xf`w~v e lf vŔv~e x~dx~ke x~dgvjŪkf je~f, oek gfxe~wf, re bk rî`gvwĊ elwd~ nf`fbkjke~k. À` ejfezwĊ jewfcd~kf k`w~Ċ xvnlkjkwewfe gf jd`zvo Ŕk xvnlkjkwewfe gf ebejf~k. Oek fzwf jv`dzjvwĊ zvn `voflf gf xvnlkjkwewf jd~xd~ewĊ, gf oe~jĊ zev k`gvzw~kelĊ. >. Xvnlkjkwewfe `d`jdof~jkelĊ ? xvnlkjkwewf à` zf~rkjkv xvnlkj. Ofzeivl fzwf of`kw zĊ w~e`zokwĊ k`bd~oeŪkf `fgfrkewĊ à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv d x~dnlfoĊ xvnlkjĊ zev gf k`wf~fz xvnlkj. :. Xvnlkjkwewfe gf x~fzwkckv ? xvnlkjkwewfe x~k` je~f bk~oe `v zf eg~fzfeyĊ jlkf`Ūkld~ xdwf`Ūkelk jk xvnlkjvlvk à` cf`f~el xf`w~v je ejfezwe zĊ eknĊ d koeck`f oek nv`Ċ. @v v~oĊ~fŔwf x~dbkwvl kofgkew jk reld~kye~fe xf wf~of` lv`c e oĊ~jkk, jffe jf d bejf ex~dexf zk`d`ko jv ^fleŪkk xvnlkjf. Oek fzwf jv`dzjvwĊ Ŕk zvn `voflf gf xvnlkjkwewf k`zwkwvŪkd`elĊ. 7. Xvnlkjkwewfe jdoxe~ewkrĊ ? d~kjf xvnlkjkwewf je~f kgf`wkbkjĊ f}xlkjkw zev koxlkjkw v` jd`jv~f`w zev nv`v~klf d~k zf~rkjkklf dbf~kwf gf ejfzwe. Fzwf xvnlkjkwewfe x~k` je~f v` x~dgvz fzwf jdoxe~ew jv elwvl oek xvŪk` xf~bd~oe`w. F}9 @v jvoxĊ~eŪk dnkfjwvl ], jvoxĊ~eŪk dnkfjwvl [. Oek fzwf jv`dzjvwĊ zvn `voflf gf xvnlkjkwewf `fcewkrĊ. À` `voflf v`fk oek nv`f k`bd~oĊ~k e xvnlkjvlvk à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv x~dgvzvl zf à`jeljĊ `d~oflf jd`jv~f`Ūfk ldkelf. Fzwf k`wf~ykzĊ à` v`flf ŪĊ~k -B~e`Ūe+ Ŕk xf~okzĊ à` elwflf -ZVE, Je`ege, Ge`foe~je, Ge`foe~je, @d~rfcke, Dle`ge+. 6. Xvnlkjkwewfe k`wf~ykzĊ ? xvnlkjkwewfe je~f e~f à` rfgf~f x~dwfjŪke jd`zvoewd~vlvk Ŕk ezkcv~e~fe v`fk jd`jv~f`Ūf jd`jv~f`Ūf ldkelf. Fzwf zvxvzĊ v`vk jd`w~dl jd`w~dl zw~kjw F}9 xvnlkjkwewfe ec~kjdlĊ, ec~kjdlĊ, e ecf`Ūkkld~ gf rdkei, e nĊvwv~kld~ eljddlkjf, bk`e`jke~Ċ, be~oejfvwkjĊ, e ŪkcĊ~kld~. 2. Xvnlkjkwewfe jd`dwewkrĊ ? xvnlkjkwewfe je~f frdjĊ Ŕk zvcf~feyĊ. Zf eg~fzfeyĊ odwkreŪkkld~ k`jd`Ŕwkf`wf. X~djfgfeyĊ x~k` ezdjkeŪkk gf kgfk, x~k` frdje~fe v`fk koeck`k. Lfcfe xvnlkjkwĊŪkk `~. 57=$>888 d gf`vofŔwf Xvnlkjkwewf zvnlkok`elĊ9 d~kjf xvnlkjkwewf je~f vwklkyfeyĊ zwkovlk x~fe zlenk xf`w~v e bk xf~jfxvŪk à` odg jd`Ŕwkf`w, ge~ je~f xdw k`blvf`Ūe jdoxd~weof`wvl fjd`dokj el v`fk xf~zde`f. Koeck`fe Ŕk à`w~/d oĊzv~Ċ oek okjĊ, zv`fwvl, zv`w rfjwd~k x~krklfckeŪk. 3. Xvnlkjkwewfe gf`dwewkrĊ ? xvnlkjkwewfe je~f k`bd~ofeyĊ. Zf eg~fzfeyĊ ~eŪkv`kk Ŕk e~cvof`wfeyĊ xf`w~v e jd`rk`cf. BdldzfŔwf wf}wvl zev koeck`fe xf`w~v e à`wĊ~k f}xlkjeŪke rf~nelĊ. =. Xvnlkjkwewfe oezjewĊ ? xvnlkjkwewfe ezjv`zĊ zvn exe~f`Ūe dxk`kfk zev k`bd~oĊ~kk x~k` zflfjŪkd`e~fe wf`gf`ŪkdezĊ e bexwfld~ Ŕk e~cvof`wfld~ ezwbfl à`jîw zĊ berd~kyfyf v` c~vx gf 62
k`wf~fzf. Zf x~dgvjf d gvnlĊ b~evgĊ9 k`zwkwvŪke gf x~fzĊ `v e à`jezew d`d~e~kvl xf gf d xe~wf Ŕk, xf gf elwĊ xe~wf, xvnlkjvl x~kofŔwf k`zkgkdz ofzeivl xvnlkjkwe~. Lfcfe xvnlkjkwĊŪkk, `~. 57=$>888 d gf`vofŔwf Xvnlkjkwewf à`ŔflĊwde~f9 d~kjf xvnlkjkwewf xvnlkjkwewf je~f, à` d~kjf bfl, k`jlvzkr x~k` odgvl gf x~fyf`we~f, k`gvjf zev xdewf k`gvjf à` f~de~f d~kjf xf~zde`Ċ jĊ~fke àk fzwf eg~fzewĊ zev je~f ke jd`wej jd`wejww jv ejfez ejfezwe we Ŕk àk xdewf xdewf ebfjwe ebfjwe jdoxd jdoxd~we ~weof` of`wvl wvl fjd`d fjd`dokj okj,, lfyî`g lfyî`gv/k v/k k`w k`wf~f f~fzvl zvl gf jd`zvoewd~, zev je~f xdewf lfye k`wf~fzflf v`vk jd`jv~f`w. ;. Xvnlkjkwewfe xf`w~v d jevyĊ ? xvnlkjkwewfe je~f v~oĊ~fŔwf x~fyf`we~fe xf~zvezkrĊ e v`vk jd`jfxw zev xv`jw gf rfgf~f, oek xvŪk` xf`w~v rî`ye~fe v`vk x~dgvz zev zf~rkjkv e`vof. 58. Xvnlkjkwewfe rk~wvelĊ ? fzwf frkgf`ŪkewĊ x~k` à`w~f~vxf~fe w~e`zokzkfk xf`w~v d ~fjleoĊ gf d zfjv`gĊ. Jd`zklkvl Fv~dxfk Ŕk v`flf Jdgv~k Gfd`wdldckjf djjkgf`welf ~fjdoe`gĊ ~f`v ~f`v`Ū `Ūe~ e~fe fe le d ezwbf ezwbfll gf xvnl xvnlkj kjkwe kwewf wf xf wk wkox oxvl vl w~e`z w~e`zok okzk zkkl kld~ d~ zxd~ zxd~wkr wkrff xf`w xf`w~v ~v e x~dw x~dwfi fiee jd`zvoewd~vl gf xvnlkjkwewfe ec~fzkrĊ. Lfcfe x~krk`g xvnlkjkwewfe `~. 57=$>888, jlezkbkjĊ xvnlkjkwewfe à` w~fk jewfcd~kk. Xvnlkjkwewf à`ŔflĊwde~f ‚ d~kjf xvnlkjkwewf je~f, à` d~kjf bfl, k`jlvzkr x~k` odgvl gf x~fyf`we~f, k`gvjf zev xdewf k`gvjf à` f~de~f d~kjf xf~zde`Ċ jĊ~fke àk fzwf eg~fzewĊ zev je~f ke jd`wej jd`wejww jv ejfez ejfezwe we Ŕk àk xdewf xdewf ebfjwe ebfjwe jdoxd jdoxd~we ~weof` of`wvl wvl fjd`d fjd`dokj okj,, lfyî`g lfyî`gv/k v/k k`w k`wf~f f~fzvl zvl gf jd`zvoewd~, zev je~f xdewf lfye k`wf~fzflf v`vk jd`jv~f`w. Xvnlkjkwewfe jdoxe~ewkrĊ ‚ d~kjf xvnlkjkwewf je~f kgf`wkbkjĊ f}xlkjkw zev koxlkjkw v` jd`jv~f`w zev nv`v~klf d~k zf~rkjkklf dbf~kwf gf ejfzwe Xvnlkjkwewf zvnlkok`elĊ ‚ d~kjf xvnlkjkwewf je~f vwklkyfeyĊ zwkovlk x~fe zlenk xf`w~v e bk xf~jfxvŪk à` odg jd`Ŕwkf`w, ge~ je~f xdw k`blvf`Ūe jdoxd~weof`wvl fjd`dokj el v`fk xf~zde`f. Fzwf frkgf`w bexwvl jĊ ejfezwĊ lfcf e end~gew bf`dof`vl xvnlkjkwe~ gk`w~/d e`vokwĊ xf~zxfjwkrĊ Ŕk e`vof ejffe e k`jkgf`Ūfk xf je~f ejfezwe d e~f ezvx~e jfwĊŪf`kld~.
3.:. Lfcfe x~krk`g xvnlkjkwewfe -@~ 57=$>888+
e. Zjdx X~dwfjŪke jd`zvoewd~kld~ gf x~dgvzf Ŕk zf~rkjkk, x~dwfjŪke xf~zde`fld~ je~f gfzbĊŔde~Ċ d ejwkrkwewf gf x~dgvjŪkf, gf jdof~Ū, x~fzwfeyĊ v` zf~rkjkv zev x~ejwkjĊ d ofzf~kf, d~k d x~dbfzkf, x~fjvo Ŕk x~dwfjŪke k`wf~fzvlvk xvnlkj cf`f~el àoxdw~kre xvnlkjkwĊŪkk à`ŔflĊwde~f, e jd`zfjk`Ūfld~ `fcewkrf elf xvnlkjkwĊŪkk Ŕk zwenklfŔwf jd`gkŪkklf à` je~f fzwf xf~okzĊ xvnlkjkwewfe jdoxe~ewkrĊ. X~frfgf~klf lfckk zf exlkjĊ jd`Ūk`vwvlvk ofzeifld~ xvnlkjkwe~f k`gkbf~f`w gf okildjvl gf jdov`kje~f. Xvnlkjkwewfe w~fnvkf zĊ bkf gfjf`wĊ, jd~fjwĊ Ŕk zĊ bkf flend~ewĊ à` zxk~kwvl ~fzxd`zenklkwĊŪkk zdjkelf. n. Gfbk`kŪkk -Jflf zxfjkbkjewf oek zvz+
63
j. K`wf~ wf~gkjŪkk Zf k`wf~ykjf xvnlkjkwewfe je~f9 / fzwf à`ŔflĊwde~f1 ~f1 / fzwf zvnlkok`elĊ1 lĊ1 / x~fivg x~fivgkjk kjkeyĊ eyĊ ~fzxf ~fzxfjwv jwvll xf`w~v xf`w~v gfo`kw gfo`kwewf ewfee voe`Ċ voe`Ċ Ŕk od~ele od~ele xvnlk xvnlkjĊ jĊ11 / k`jl k`jlvg vgff gkzj gkzj~ko ~kok` k`Ċ~ Ċ~kk neye neyewf wf xf ~ezĊ, ~ezĊ, zf}, zf}, lkon lkonĊ, Ċ, d~kc d~kck` k`ff zdjk zdjkel elĊ, Ċ, kgf` kgf`wk wkwe wewf wf fw`kjĊ zev `eŪkd`elĊ1 / ewf`wf ewf`wfeyĊ eyĊ le jd`r jd`rk`c k`cf~k f~klf lf ~flk ~flkckd ckdezf ezf zev xdlkwk xdlkwkjf jf11 / egvjf gvjf x~fi ~fivgkj gkjkk ko koeeck`kk k`kk,, d`de~ `de~ffk, gfo`kw o`kwĊŪ ĊŪkk kk Ŕk rkf rkfŪkk Ūkk xe~w xe~wkj kjvvle~f le~f e xf~zde`fld~1 / f}xl f}xlde dewf wfey eyĊĊ zvxf zvxf~z ~zwk wkŪk Ūkklf klf,, j~fg j~fgvl vlkw kwew ewfe fe zev zev b~kj b~kjee xf~z xf~zde de`f `fld ld~~ x~fi x~fivg vgkj kjke keyĊ yĊ zfjv~kwewfe xf~zde`fld~ zev k`jkwĊ le rkdlf`ŪĊ1 / à`jv~eif à`jv~eifeyĊ eyĊ v` jdoxd~weo jdoxd~weof`w f`w je~f x~fivgkj x~fivgkjkeyĊ keyĊ ofgkvl ofgkvl à`jd` à`jd`iv~Ċ iv~Ċwd~1 wd~1 / berd~k berd~kyf yfeyĊ eyĊ jdof~ jdof~jke jkelky lkye~f e~fee v`d~ nv`v~ nv`v~kk zev zf~rkj zf~rkjkk kk je~f je~f zv`w x~dgv x~dgvzf zf d~k gkzw~knvkwf jd`w~e~ x~frfgf~kld~ lfckk. Zf k`wf~ykjf xvnlkjkwewfe f}xlkjkwĊ xf`w~v x~dgvzflf gf wvwv` / gkbvyewĊ xf xdzwv~klf ~egkd Ŕk wr1 / à` x~fze zj~kzĊ xf x~koe Ŕk vlwkoe xeck`Ċ1 / xf nklfwflf gf jĊlĊwd~kf xf`w~v w~e`zxd~wvl xvnlkj9 Zf k`wf~ykjf xvnlkjkwewfe xf`w~v nĊvwv~klf eljddlkjf Ŕk wvwv` à` k`jk`we v`kwĊŪkld~ gf à`rĊŪĊoî`w, ezkzwf`ŪĊ ofgkjelĊ, à` zĊlklf gf zxfjwejdlf. zxfjwejdlf. Zf k`wf~ykjf xvnlkjkwewfe zvnzwe`Ūfld~ zwvxfbke`wf Ŕk xzkmdw~dxf. Zf k`wf~ykjf xvnlkjkwewfe e~ofld~ Ŕk f}xldykrkld~ à` elwf ldjv~k gfjîw jflf gfzwk`ewf jdof~jkelkyĊ~kk. Eof`yk9 gf le 6.888.888 le 78.888.888 lfk9
3.7. ^fxf~f kzwd~kjf
Le à`jfx à`jfxvwv vwv~klf ~klf zelf, zelf, ofzei ofzeivl vl xvnlkj xvnlkjkwe kwe~~ erfe erfe v` je~ej je~ejwf~ wf~ xv~ k`bd~o k`bd~oewk ewkr. r. Vlwf~k Vlwf~kd~, d~, f}kzwf f}kzwf`Ūe `Ūe oek ovlwd~ ovlwd~ ofzei ofzeiff zkovlw zkovlwe`f e`f,, jf jd`jv~ jd`jv~ev ev xf`w~v xf`w~v e jexwe jexwe ewf`Ūk ewf`Ūkee xvnlkj xvnlkjvlv vlvk,k, e gfwf~ok`ew fokŪĊwd~kk gf ~fjleoĊ zĊ ejd~gf ewf`Ūkf bd~ofk gf x~fyf`we~f xf`w~v e oĊ~k Ŕe`zflf je ~fjleoe ld~ zĊ bkf ~fjfxŪkd`ewĊ Ŕk ~fŪk`vwĊ. X~koflf egfrĊ~ewf ~fjleof ev bdzw ebkŔflf Ŕk bdklf rdle`wf jd`Ūk`î`g ofzeif xvnlkjkwe~f. Wf~of`vl f`clfyfzj gf .egrf~wkzof`w./ ~fjleoĊ àl à`wîl`ko xf`w~v x~koe de~Ċ à` Nknlkf à` e`vl 5266, jv zf`zvl gf à`Ŕwkk`Ūe~f. Gf d k`gvzw~kf eof~kje`Ċ gf ~fjleof zf xdewf rd~nk à`zĊ enke le okildjvl zfjdlvlvk ]K] jî`g ~frdlvŪke k`gvzw~kelĊ e e`w~f`ew x~dc~fzf koxd~we`wf à` wdewf zfjwde~flf zkzwfovlvk zdjkel. Rdl`f{ Xelof~ e bdzw x~kovl ecf`w eof~kje` gf xvnlkjkwewf. À` 5=75 fl e à`bkk`Ūew le Xmklegflxmke x~koe ecf`Ūkf gf xvnlkjkwewf, exdk le Ndzwd` à` 5=77 Ŕk le @fs [d~a à` 5=7;. X~kovl ofgkv xv~wĊwd~ gf ~fjleoĊ ev bdzw yke~flf v~oew, le ivoĊwewfe zfjdlvlvk ]k] gf ~frkzwf je~f ev jd`zwkwvkw el gdklfe ofgkv. X~koe ~fjleoĊ exĊ~vwĊ à`w~/d ~frkzwĊ à` ZVE z/e xvnlkjew à` e`vl 5=77, à` .Zdvwmf~` Ofzzf`cf~. el jĊ~fk fgkwd~ e bdzw d r~fof jflfn~vl zj~kkwd~ Fgce~ Ellf` Xdf. GvxĊ X~kovl ^Ċyndk Od`gkel e bdzw k`w~dgvz jd`jfxwvl gf oe~jĊ, à`Ūflfcî`gv/zf x~k` ejfzwe v` `vof bdldzkw xf`w~v kgf`wkbkje~fe x~dgvzvlvk. ^fjleoe e lvew eoxlde~f exdk dgewĊ jv exe~kŪke ~egkdvlvk je~f e gfrf`kw el w~fklfe ofgkv xv~wĊwd~ gf ofzei xvnlkjkwe~ . À` e`kk #78 e bdzw k`w~dgvz jd`jfxwvl gf x~dxv`f~f v`kjĊ gf rî`ye~f. Exlkje~fe ze x~fzvxv`fe f}xldewe~fe f}xldewe~fe `dvwĊŪkk x~dgvzfld~ Ŕk zf~rkjkkld~ dbf~kwf. Exe~kŪke wflfrkykv`kk e jd`zwkwvkw à`jfxî`g jv e`kk #68 Ŕk exe~kŪke jflvk gf/ el xew~vlfe xv~wĊwd~ gf ofzei xvnlkjkwe~ À` `voek w~fk e`k, gk` 5;7; xî`Ċ à` 5;65, à`jezĊ~klf gk` ~fjleoe 6=
gf wflfrkykv`f ev j~fzjvw gf yfjf d~k, ke~ à` 5;28, wflfrkykv`fe f~e, gfie, x~k`jkxelvl xv~wĊwd~ gf ~fjleoĊ à` ZVE. Gf/e lv`cvl r~fokk, gfzkc`vl gf ~fjleoĊ e dzjklew à`w~f x~ffok`f`Ūe k`bd~oeŪkfk Ŕk zvx~foeŪkfk jdoxd`f`wfk e~wkzwkjf. Jfk oek welf`weŪk j~fewd~k ev Ŕwkvw à`zĊ, zĊ àonk`f lewv~e k`bd~oeŪkd`elĊ jv gkof`zkv`fe e~wkzwkjĊ, zĊ k`wfc~fyf f}xf~kf`Ūe kzwd~kjĊ Ŕk f}kcf`Ūflf wkoxvlvk ld~.
3.6. Wfd~kk w~egkŪkd`elf à` zwvgkvl xvnlkjkwĊŪkk
F}kzwĊ F}kzwĊ w~fk w~fk wfd~kk wfd~kk x~k`jk x~k`jkxel xelff je~f je~f dxf~fe dxf~feyĊ yĊ à` gdof` gdof`kvl kvl jdov` jdov`kjĊ kjĊ~kk ~kk xvnlkj xvnlkjkwe kwe~f, ~f, jd`j jd`jfx fxvw vwff à` ZVE ZVE à`jf à`jfxî xî`g `g jv e`kk e`kk 5;>8 5;>8,, wfd~ wfd~kk kk je~f je~f ev je dnkf dnkfjw jwkr kr oeid oeid~~ jvjf jvjf~k~ ~k~fe fe jd`zvoewd~vlvk Ŕk `fvw~elkye~fe jd`zvoewd~vlvk.
3.6.5. Kf~e~mke fbfjwfld~ Kxdwfye Kxdwfye je~f zwĊ le neye jfld~ w~fk wfd~kk wfd~kk fzwf kf~e~mke kf~e~mke fbfjwfld~ fbfjwfld~ jd`bd~o jĊ~fke jĊ~fke xf`w~v xf`w~v e w~e`zbd~oe v` `d`/jd`zvoewd~ à` jd`zvoewd~, xvnlkjkwewfe w~fnvkf zĊ/l bejĊ zĊ w~fejĊ x~k` w~fk fwexf kf~e~mkyewf à` wkox9 je~f x~fzvx x~fzvxv`f v`f k`bd~o k`bd~oe~f e~fee jd`zvo jd`zvoewd ewd~vl ~vlvk vk ezvx~ ezvx~ee e. Fwex Fwexee jdc` jdc`kw kwkr krĊĊ - lfe~`+ / je~f x~dgvzvlvk x~k`9 5. Ewf`Ūkf1 >. Jd`Ŕwkf`wkye~f1 :. Jv`deŔwf~f1 7. À`Ūflfcf~f. n. Fwexe ebfjwkrĊ - lkaf+ / je~f x~fzvxv`f f}kzwf`Ūe, gfie e k`wf~fzvlvk jd`zvoewd~vlvk ezvx~e x~dgvzvlvk x~k`9 5. K`wf~fz1 >. Frelve~f1 :. Dxk`kf1 7. X~fbf~k`ŪĊ1 6. Jd`rk`cf~f1 j. Fwexe jdoxd~weof`welĊ - gd+ / je~f x~fzvxv`f mdwĊ~î~fe jd`zvoewd~vlvk k`bd~oew Ŕk k`wf~fzew gf e ejmkykŪkd`e v` x~dgvz. @dwĊ9 jfk w~fk wf~of`k gk` lkone f`clfyĊ zv`w bdldzkŪk à`w~vjîw zv`w oek jd`jkŔk, oek f}ejŪk Ŕk oek b~fjrf`Ūk à` lkoneivl xvnlkjkwĊŪkk. 3.6.>. Wfd~ke à`rĊŪĊ~kk Fwexf9 5 / Lfe~` > / Lkaf : / Gd E exĊ~vw gvxĊ X~kovl ^Ċyndk Od`gkel, jî`g xvŪk`f zdjkfwĊŪk bĊjfev xvnlkjkwewf. Exe~kŪke v`d~ `dk x~dgvzf w~fnvke zĊ jdonewĊ eweŔeof`wvl jĊw~f jflf w~egkŪkd`elf. Xf`w~v le`ze~fe x~kofld~ x~dgvzf, zx~f f}foxlv v` gfwf~cf`w jf à`ldjvke w~egkŪkd`elvl zĊxv`, w~fnvke à`rk`zĊ kc`d~e`Ūe Ŕk wfeoe. Exe~kŪke gf `dk x~dgvzf, zkwveŪkklf gf xkeŪĊ, berd~kyev, ezwbfl, exlkje~fe wfd~kfk à`rĊŪĊ~kk à` gdof`kvl xvnlkjkwe~. Jf~jfwĊ~klf ev egokz bexwvl jĊ ejŪkv`fe xvnlkjkwe~Ċ w~fnvkf zĊ/l gfwf~ok`f xf jvoxĊ~Ċwd~ zĊ w~fejĊ x~k` jflf w~fk fwexf kf~e~mkyewf à` wkox1 5 Fwexe gf k`bd~oe~f1 > Fwexe gf jd`rk`cf~f : Fwexe gf w~fjf~f le ejwvl gf jvoxĊ~e~f 6;
Jv elwf jvrk`wf9 Fv, jvoxĊ~Ċwd~vl, oĊ k`bd~ofy, zv`w jd`rk`z gf k`bd~oeŪkk, ejŪkd`fy jd`bd~o jd`rk`cf~kk. X~k`jkxele exlkjeŪkf le xvnlkjkwewf e wfd~kfk à`rĊŪĊ~kk e bdzw bĊjvwĊ gf oe~kk x~dgvjĊwd~k gf gfwf~cf`Ūk / X~djwf~ e`g Ceonlf, Jdlcewf, Lfrf~ / je~f ev bdzw Ŕk x~k`jkxelkk k`rfzwkwd~k à`w~f e`kk 5;>8 / 5;28. Jeoxe`kklf x~dgvjĊwd~kld~ rkyev, eŔege~, Jldwmfz sezmk`c. Xî`Ċ le N~ek` sezmk`c, egfzfe, `v fzwf gfjîw v` xez. X~dgvjĊwd X~dgvjĊwd~kk ~kk gf gfwf~cf` gfwf~cf`Ūk Ūk ev j~few v` egfrĊ~ew egfrĊ~ew jdg gf cî`gk~f cî`gk~f xf`w~v xf`w~v d~kjf jeoxe`kf jeoxe`kf xvnlkjkwe~Ċ, gf`vokwĊ .Zw~ewfcke j~fewkrĊ. Ŕk ~felkyewĊ à` gdk wkoxk9 5 Le`ze~f -~fle`ze~f+ / xf`w~v e jîŔwkce ~fxfgf v` zfcof`w gf xkeŪĊ > Of`Ūk`f~fe zfcof`wvlvk gf xkeŪĊ . Gf ekjk ~fyvlwĊ bexwvl jĊ ~dlvl xvnlkjkwĊŪkk fzwf gf e bejf jv`dzjvwĊ, v`vk e`vokw xvnlkj/ Ūk`wĊ, zvxf~kd~kwewfe v`vk e`vokw x~dgvz à` ~exd~w jv elwvl. Zjmfoe j~fewkrĊ gk` je~f gfjv~cf zw~ewfcke xvnlkjkwe~Ċ x~frfgf9 5 X~dokzkv`fe9 X~dgvzvl ] ~fvŔfŔwf v` e`vokw lvj~v oek nk`f gfjîw elwf x~dgvzf zkokle~f. > Nf`fbkjkvl9 Ejfezwe rĊ xf~okwf zĊ dnŪk`fŪk ~fyvlwewvl gd~kw xf je~f `v l/eŪk oek xvwvw dnŪk`f. :. Gdrege9 X~dgvzvl ] jd`Ūk`f [ je~f rĊ xf~okwf zĊ dnŪk`fŪk xf`w~v x~koe de~Ċ ejfzw ~fyvlwew1 kewĊ gf jf. 7 Wd`vl9 k`bd~oewkr, `dv, ewf`w le frf`kof`w. Bv`geof`we~fe v`fk zw~ewfckk xvnlkjkwe~f xf gfod`zw~e~fe zvxf~kd~kwĊŪkk v`vk x~dgvz fzwf fbkjejf jv jd`gkŪke je ejfezwĊ zvxf~kd~kwewf zĊ `v bkf `voek ~felĊ, jk Ŕk gv~enklĊ. Wkoxvl à` je~f jd`jv~f`Ūe jdxkeyĊ x~dgvzvl fzwf gk` jf à` jf oek zjv~w. F}foxlv, wkoxvl gf jdxkf~f e v`vk jeljvlewd~ à` e`kk #68 f~e gf jîŪkre e`k, ezwĊyk gf jîwfre lv`k. Fzwf lfz`f gf rĊyvw jĊ à` ezwbfl gf zkwveŪkk, wfd~ke oek zvz of`Ūkd`ewĊ, neyewĊ à` x~k`jkxel xf frkgf`Ūkf~fe v`vk ere`wei, gfrk`f xf~kjvldezĊ zev jmke~ zk`vjkceŔĊ. À` bde~wf zjv~w wkox, wdewf x~dgvzflf x~fyk`wĊ ejfl ere`wei. ZdlvŪke9 k`bd~oeŪke gfzx~f x~dgvz w~fnvkf ew~knvkwĊ oĊ~jkld~. Zf egfrf~fŔwf bexwvl jĊ xvnlkjkwewfe fzwf x~fjvo jkwewflf9 Zv`w b~vodezf, ge~ w~fnvkf zĊ Ŕwkk xf jk`f jkwfyk. À` jd`jlvykf, zf koxv`f je wkoxvl gk`w~f fwexe jdc`kwkrĊ Ŕk fwexe ebfjwkrĊ zĊ bkf zjv~wew g~ezwkj, zev jflf gdvĊ fwexf w~fnvkf jmke~ v`kwf. W~fnvkf, gfjk, zĊ k`bd~ofyk Ŕk zĊ jd`rk`ck à` ejfleŔk wkox.
oflf.
3.6.:. Wfd~ke gkzd`e`Ūfk jdc`kwkrf Fwexf9 5 Gd > Lkaf : Lfe~` E bdzw gfyrdlwewĊ à`jfxî`g jv e`vl 5;63 / Bfzwk`cf~. Gd / eo elfz, eo jvoxĊ~ew. Lkaf / zv`w jd`rk`z Ŕk `v r~fev zĊ/ok xv` le à`gdkelĊ elfcf~fe. Lfe~` / jd`wk`vk zĊ oĊ k`bd~ofy, zflfjwî`g k`bd~oeŪkklf je~f of~c à` zf`zvl jd`rk`cf~kk
.Gkzd`e`ŪĊ jdc`kwkrĊ., gk` xv`jw gf rfgf~f zfoe`wkj xe~f e bk d f}x~fzkf ne~ne~Ċ. F}xlkjeŪke fzwf nk`f zĊ d eblĊo xd~`k`g gf le v` f}foxlv9 O/eo gdjvof`wew ezvx~e e w~fk wkxv~k gf evwdodnklf / E, N, J / lf/eo wfzwew Ŕk l/eo jvoxĊ~ew xf E.
28
K`wf~rk`f .gkzd`e`Ū OeŔk`e k`e bkk` bkk`gg jvoxĊ voxĊ~e ~ewĊ wĊ `v r~fo ~fo zĊ bko bko à` .gkzd`e`Ūee jdc`kwkrĊ jdc`kwkrĊ. . OeŔ gkzd`e`ŪĊ jv `dk à`Ŕk`f. WdŪk x~kfwf`kk jv je~f rdo gkzjvwe, rd~ eble, ezwbfl, `voek gfzx~f .jfe oek nv`Ċ elfcf~f xf je~f eo bĊjvw/d., .vkwî`g. zĊ/k e~ĊwĊo k`jd`rf`kf`wflf. Wfd~ke Wfd~ke gkzd`e gkzd`e`Ūf `Ūfkk jdc`kw jdc`kwkrf krf xdzwvl xdzwvlfe feyĊ yĊ le k`gkrk k`gkrkgg d egfrĊ egfrĊ~ew ~ewĊĊ `frdkf `frdkf gf jdf~f` jdf~f`ŪĊ ŪĊ ~eŪkd`elĊ Ŕk wk`gf zĊ/k ok`koelkyfyf jexejkwewfe jexejkwewfe gf `fce~f. Gkzd`e`Ūe jdc`kwkrĊ e bdzw dnzf~rewĊ à` e`kk #68 oek elfz à` jdoxd~weof`wflf beŪĊ gf x~dgvzflf je~f jd`zwkwvkev okyf bk`e`jke~f zev zjmkonev gfjkzkr zwklvl gf rkeŪĊ9 evwdodnklf, wflfrkyde~f, x~dgvzflf flfjw~djez`kjf. flfjw~djez`kjf.
3.6.7. Wfd~ke koxlkjĊ~kk ok`koelf Fwexf9 5 Lfe~` > Gd : Lkaf Xf`w Xf`w~v ~v w~ew w~ewe~ e~fe fe ejfz ejfzwf wfkk wfd~ wfd~kk kk w~fn w~fnvk vkff ervw ervwĊĊ à` rfgf rfgf~f ~f `dŪk `dŪkv` v`fe fe gf ko koxl xlkj kje~ e~ff e jd`zvoewd~vlvk. @v wdewf x~dgvzflf Ŕk zf~rkjkklf x~fzvxv` ejfleŔk `krfl gf k`wf~fz xf`w~v jd`zvoewd~k. BeŪĊ gf v` x~dgvz zev zf~rkjkv zf oe`kbfzwĊ gdvĊ `krflf gf koxlkje~f9 e v` `krfl xvwf~`kj gf koxlkje~f à` ~exd~w gf zvoe k`rfzwkwĊ / jezĊ, exe~weof`w, oeŔk`Ċ / zev gf djvxeŪke djvxeŪke berd~kwĊ / d e~oĊ gf rî`Ċwde~f, rî`Ċwde~f, v`gkŪĊ, v`gkŪĊ, d ne~jĊ1 n v` `krfl zlen gf koxlkje~f / x~dgvzflf jvoxĊ~ewf ykl`kj, je~f ev gfrf`kw, gf/e lv`cvl e`kld~, jdodgkwĊŪk / jvo lf `vofzj f`clfykk, oeŔk`klf gf zxĊlew zev b~kckgf~flf. Gk` Gk` xv`j xv`jww gf rfgf rfgf~f ~f xvnl xvnlkj kjkw kwe~ e~,, x~dg x~dgvz vzfl flff jv `krf `krflf lf gkbf gkbf~k ~kwf wf gf ko koxl xlkj kje~ e~ff e jd`zvoewd~vlvk w~fnvkf w~ewewf à` odg gkbf~kw. Wfd~ke koxlkjĊ~kk ok`koelf e bdzw bv`geof`wewĊ gf A~vcoe` je~f Ŕk/e jd`jf`w~ew jf~jfwĊ~klf ezvx~e xvnlkjkwĊŪkk xf`w~v x~dgvzflf gf zlenĊ koxlkje~f. Fl e jd`zwewew jĊ ofzeiflf xvnlkjkwe~f gfzx~f ejfzwf x~dgvzf lezĊ zlenf v~of ezvx~e jd`zvoewd~kld~. Zw~ewfcke gf koxlkje~f ok`koelĊ x~dodrfeyĊ xvnlkjkwewfe je~f zf bejf xf x~k`jkxkvl jd`rf~zeŪkfk bd~Ūewf, el xdlvĊ~kk xvnlkjkwe~f, el mkx`dyfk oezfld~. À`w~fece jeoxe`kf fzwf bv`geof`wewĊ xf gdvĊ xî~cmkk9 / xezkrkwewfe jvoxĊ~Ċwd~vlvk, jey à` je~f `v zf xv`f x~dnlfoe gf e/l jd`rk`cf jk gf e/l à`rk`cf1 / egvj egvjf~ f~fe fe jd`z jd`zvo voew ewd~ d~vl vlvk vk à` zwe~ zwe~ff gf A.D. A.D. / x~k` x~k` `voĊ `voĊ~v ~vll oe~f oe~f gf ~fxf ~fxfwĊ wĊ~k ~k el ofzeivlvk. Zwvgkvl jfld~ w~fk wfd~kk gfod`zw~feyĊ, gf bexw, jĊ jf~jfwĊwd~kk zf à`rî~w à`w~/v` jf~j. WdŪk ev xlfjew gf le wfd~ke à`rĊŪĊ~kk Ŕk wdŪk ev gew koxd~we`ŪĊ x~kod~gkelĊ bexwvlvk jĊ jfl oek koxd~we`w dnkfjwkr el xvnlkjkwĊŪkk fzwf k`bd~oe~fe jd`zvoewd~vlvk ezvx~e x~dgvzvlvk. EŔege~, wdewf jflf w~fk wfd~kk zf à`rî~w à` iv~vl ejfzwvk dnkfjwkr9 5. À`rĊŪe~f 9 Jd`zvoewd~vl w~fnvkf `fexĊ~ew zĊ eblf jf fzwf x~dgvzvl. >. Gkzd`e`ŪĊ9 Jî`g e eblew, oek elfz `v w~fnvkf zĊ vkwf. :. Koxlkje~f ok`koelĊ9 gejĊ `v r~fe zĊ eblf `kokj, re bk bd~Ūew zĊ eblf. 3.2.5. Wfd~ke koxvlzvlvk jdxklĊ~fzj 5 Lkaf > Gd : Lfe~` X~fzvxv`f à`j~dxk~fe v`fk xdrfzwkde~f xezkd`e`wf à` je~f rfgfwĊ fzwf x~dgvzvl, bexw jf re gfzjmkgf xdbwe jd`zvoewd~vlvk gf e à`jf~je zĊ/l jv`dezjĊ.
25
Jexkwdlvl = JDOV@KJE^F XVNLKJKWE^Ď. JFLF XEW^V E]KDOF ELF LVK XEVL SEWYLESKJA EXLKJEWF À@ XVNLKJKWEWF Xevl Sewyleskja, jf~jfwĊwd~ à` gdof`kvl bkldydbkfk lkoneivlvk, el ldckjkk, el jd`rf~zeŪkfk xzkme`elkwkjf, z/e `Ċzjvw à` Evzw~ke à` e`vl 5;>5. Zwvgkklf zelf fbfjwvewf le Rf`fŪke, Ze` Zelregd~, Xmklegflxmke zev Xeld Elwd, à` Jelkbd~`ke, l/ev jd`gvz le fokwf~fe v`d~ e}kdof elf jdov`kjĊ~kk jv exlkjenklkwewf à` jdov`kje~fe xvnlkjkwe~Ċ. Odgvl zĊv gf end~ge~f el jdov`kjĊ~kk, odgflvl wf~exfvwkj bdldzkw gf xzkme`elkzw jv koxejw ~exkg, jd`zwĊ à` jĊvwe~fe v`vk odgfl mkj fw `v`j , odgfl je~f zf exlkjĊ Ŕk à` jdov`kje~fe xvnlkjkwe~Ċ Ŕk je~f zf fbfjwvfeyĊ à` jîoxvl x~fyf`wvlvk. Jflf gdvĊ odgflf, je~f dxf~feyĊ à` jîoxvl lvk “ekjk Ŕk ejvo‟, zf neyfeyĊ xf d jdov`kje~f à` je~f jvrk`wflf idejĊ v` ~dl ~flewkr, jî`g fzf`Ūkel, jî`g zfjv`ge~, jî`g jmke~ k`f}kzwf`w. Xevl Xevl Sewy Sewyle lesk skjja ejd~gĊ d~gĊ d oe~f ko koxxd~we d~we`Ū `ŪĊĊ fbfj bfjwfld wfld~~ jdov`k ov`kjjĊ~kk ~kk ezvx~e vx~e jdoxd~weof`wvlvk, zfo`kbkjeŪkfk zelf x~ecoewkjf. X~k` jd`jlvykklf lvk Xevl Sewyleskja, à` end~ge~fe jmfzwkv`kld~ gf xzkmkew~kf, x~k` jflf xew~v e}kdof elf zelf, exlkjewf jdov`kjĊ~kk xvnlkjkwe~f, zf gfwelkeyĊ d~kck`elkwewfe Ŕk bd~Ūe lkoneivlvk xvnlkjkwe~, gk` odof`wvl à` je~f ejfzwe à`jfwfeyĊ zĊ r~fe zĊ bejĊ gk` jd`zvoewd~ v` e`koel nk`f g~fzew.
=.5. E}kdoe K
=.5.5. Gfbk`kŪkf D~kjf jdov`kje~f x~fyk`wĊ gdvĊ ezxfjwf9 jd`Ūk`vwvl Ŕk ~fleŪke, à` eŔe bfl, à`jîw jfl gf/el gdklfe àl à`cldnfeyĊ xf x~kovl Ŕk, je v~oe~f, fzwf d ofwejdov`kje~f . D jdov`kje~f `v zf oĊ~ck`fŔwf le w~e`zokwf~fe v`fk k`bd~oeŪkk, fe k`gvjf, à` ejfleŔk wkox v` jdoxd~weof`w. jdoxd~weof`w. D~kjf ofzei jvx~k`gf gdvĊ flfof`wf9 e Jd`Ūk`vwvl, ~fx~fyf`wî`g odgvl `dzw~v gf e/l w~e`zokwf1 n ^fleŪke, egkjĊ odgvl xf~zd`el à` je~f k`wf~ldjvwd~vl àl k`wf~x~fwfeyĊ. Gf ekjk Ŕk bexwvl jĊ d~kjf jdov`kje~f e~f v` je~ejwf~ jdoxlf}. Fe dnlkcĊ le v` gvnlv x~djfz9 / e à`Ūflfcf jd`Ūk`vwvl ofzeivlvk1 / e k`wf~x~fwe odgvl jvo fzwf x~fyf`wew ^fleŪke zf eblĊ le v` `krfl zvxf~kd~ jd`Ūk`vwvlvk, gf v`gf wf~of`vl gf ofwejdov`kje~f @dk gkzxv`fo, bĊ~Ċ à`gdkelĊ, gf v` lkonei , egkjĊ v` jdg zdbkzwkjew, jvx~k`yî`g v` rdjenvle~, d c~eoewkjĊ, d zk`we}Ċ / Ŕk wdwvŔk `v fzwf zvbkjkf`w xf`w~v e jdov`kje1 w~fnvkf zĊ zf egevcf v` el gdklfe lkonei, ejfle el ~fleŪkfk Xevl Sewyleskja f}xlkjĊ ejfezwĊ e}kdoĊ e ~fleŪkfk Ŕk jd`Ūk`vwvlvk x~k` e`eldckf jv jdoxvwf~vl. Xf`w~v e à`gfxlk`k d ze~jk`Ċ, jdoxvwf~vl e~f `frdkf gf gewf / jd`Ūk`vwvl , x~fjvo Ŕk gf v` x~dc~eo / ~fleŪke. Lkoneivl jd`Ūk`vwvlvk fzwf v` lkonei gf k`bd~oe~f, xf jî`g lkoneivl ~fleŪkfk fzwf v` lkonei gf jdoxd~weof`w. K`bd~oeŪke zk`cv~Ċ fzwf, x~k` v~oe~f k`zvbkjkf`wĊ xf`w~v e cf`f~e v` jdoxd~weof`w.
2>
=.5.>. ExlkjeŪkf ‚ ~fleŪke Ŕk jd`Ūk`vwvl OĊ~jklf zv`w je Ŕk xf~zde`flf9 ev v` `vof Ŕk d ~fx~fyf`we~f bkykjĊ. Flf w~fnvkf, le bfl je Ŕk xf~zde`flf zĊ jdov`kjf, zĊ bkf kgf`wkbkjenklf x~k` odgvl ld~ gf e jdov`kje. @v f}kzwĊ lkonei `d`~fleŪkd`el, gfjk Ŕk lkoneivl xvnlkjkwĊŪkk zf à`zj~kf à` ejfezwĊ lfcf. OĊ~jklf, le bfl je Ŕk xf~zde`flf, ewv`jk jî`g jdov`kjĊ w~fnvkf zĊ gfe x~kd~kwewf ~fleŪkfk xf`w~v e xv`f à` relde~f jd`Ūk`vwvl jdov`kjĊ~kk. K`bd~oeŪke zk`cv~Ċ `v fzwf zvbkjkf`wĊ xf`w~v e cf`f~e v` jdoxd~weof`w. ^fleŪke `v à`zfeo`Ċ `voek zwklvl gf f}x~koe~f, jk Ŕk jffe jf zf à`wîoxlĊ à`w~f oe~jĊ Ŕk jd`zvoewd~. EŔege~, oe~je w~fnvkf zĊ ejd~gf d ewf`Ūkf f}w~foĊ xf~zde`fld~ jv je~f jdov`kjĊ. Ofzeivl xf je~f/l jdov`kjĊ oe~je fzwf wdjoek x~dgvzvl Ŕk e~cvof`we~fe x~dgvzvlvk. X~koe e}kdoĊ e lvk Sewyleskja `f jd`gvjf gfjk le f`v`Ūe~fe e gdvĊ x~k`jkxkk. X~kovl x~k`jkxkv xdewf xĊ~fe v` xe~egd}9 Oe~je fzwf oek koxd~we`wĊ gfjîw x~dgvzvl Ejfezwe zf xdewf gfod`zw~e xd~`k`gv/zf gf le ~fleŪke gk`w~f oe~jĊ Ŕk x~dgvz. Bk~oflf gf xvnlkjkwewf zev à`w~fx~k`gf~klf jv`dzj bexwvl jĊ xd~`k`g gf le je~ejwf~dldcke oĊ~jkld~ fk w~fnvkf zĊ k`rf`wfyf oĊ~jk xf`w~v bkfje~f x~dgvz egĊvcî`g le e`w~dxdod~bkzovl ejfzwd~e Ŕk v` yddod~bkzo ezwbfl9 xf`w~v v` x~dgvz lejwew, jd`zvoewd~vl zf re lĊze zfgvz gf eoenklkwewfe, nv`e gkzxdykŪkf Ŕk yîonfwvl v`fk zkoxewkjf rĊjvŪf, zev gf ~Ċcfwvl gf xlĊjf~f el v`vk lfv xf`w~v jkdjdlewe Lkd`z. EzwĊyk, jî`g jd`jv~f`Ūe e gfrf`kw ewîw gf zw~î`zĊ, jî`g x~dgvzflf zf gkbf~f`ŪkeyĊ gk` jf à` jf oek xvŪk` v`flf gf elwflf, xf~zd`elkwewfe oĊ~jkk fzwf jexkwelĊ. EjfezwĊ k`zkzwf`ŪĊ ezvx~e xf~zd`elkwĊŪkk oĊ~jkld~ ~Ċzxv`gf `frdkk deof`kld~ gf e bk à` ~fleŪkf jv lvj~v~klf eŔe jvo zv`w à` ~fleŪkf jv elwf xf~zde`f. Wfofk`kjke je~ejwf~vlvk oĊ~jkk fzwf gfod`zw~ewĊ Ŕk gf jexejkwewfe ze gf e gv~e. ^fleŪke gv~feyĊ, jd`Ūk`vwvl zf zjmkonĊ . EgkjĊ9 Oe~je gv~feyĊ, jd`Ūk`vwvl frdlvfeyĊ Xf~zd`elkwewfe oĊ~jkk je~f zbkgfeyĊ wkoxvl, àk ezkcv~Ċ Ŕk xewf~`kwewfe oek ovlwd~ x~dgvzf, ~f`wenklkwewf zxd~kwĊ gf k`rfzwkŪke xvnlkjkwe~Ċ. Gf ejffe xvnlkjkwewfe fzwf d k`rfzwkŪkf Ŕk `v d jmflwvkelĊ. Xf`w~v Xf`w~v je ~fleŪk ~fleŪkee zĊ bkf jdoxlf jdoxlfwĊ, wĊ, xf~zd xf~zd`e `elkwe lkwewfe wfe oĊ~jkk oĊ~jkk w~fnvk w~fnvkff zĊ bkf à`zdŪk à`zdŪkwĊ wĊ gf jv`deŔwf~fe jd`zvoewd~vlvk. El gdklfe x~k`jkxkv zf xdewf f`v`Ūe ezwbfl9 ^fleŪke fzwf oek koxd~we`wĊ gfjîw jd`Ūk`vwvl, ge~ fe à`zĊŔk gfrk`f bĊ~Ċ koxd~we`ŪĊ gejĊ lkxzfŔwf jd`Ūk`vwvl Zev, à` wf~of`k xvnlkjkwe~k9 Oe~je fzwf oek koxd~we`wĊ gfjîw x~dgvzvl, jv jd`gkŪke je fe zĊ/l xv`Ċ à` relde~f X~dgvzvl fzwf zvxd~wvl k`bd~oeŪkfk, el e~cvof`wĊ~kk. E ene`gd`e jd`Ūk`vwvl à`zfeo`Ċ zĊ bejk x~dgvzvl zĊ/Ŕk xke~gĊ ~eŪkv`fe gf e f}kzwe zvn v` `vof gf oe~jĊ. Zf xdewf vŔd~ jd`jlvykd`e ezvx~e bexwvlvk jĊ, `fgî`g ewf`Ūkf jd`Ūk`vwvlvk oĊ~jklf zf zk`vjkg lf`w.
=.>. E}kdoe e KK/e
=.>.5. Gfbk`kŪkf Bkk`Ūflf voe`f bdldzfzj gdvĊ odgv~k gf jdov`kje~f9 gkckwel Ŕk e`eldckj Lkoneivl gkckwel xdzfgĊ d zk`we}Ċ ldckjĊ bde~wf jdodgĊ, ge~ f lkxzkw gf d zfoe`wkjĊ egfjrewĊ ~fleŪkfk À` zjmkon, lkoneivl e`eldckj xdzfgĊ zfoe`wkje, ge~ `v Ŕk zk`we}e egfjrewĊ v`fk gfbk`kŪkk `ffjmkrdjf e ~fleŪkkld~. Gkckwelvl fzwf lkoneivl jd`Ūk`vwvlvk. E`eldckjvl fzwf lkoneivl ~fleŪkfk. Xf`w~v à`jfxvw zĊ jkwĊo v` b~ecof`w gk`w~/d lvj~e~f e ejflvkeŔk evwd~ x~krk`g ejwkrkwewfe Ŕk zxfjkelkye~fe jfld~ gdvĊ fokzbf~f elf j~fkf~vlvk9 2:
Bv`jŪke x~kod~gkelĊ e fokzbf~fk zwî`ck f w~egvjf~fe d~kjĊ~fk xf~jfxŪkk, à` ~fx~fyf`wĊ~k ldckjf, zfoe`wkjf Ŕk bd`fwkjf elf ~felkwĊŪkk Ŕk jdov`kje~fe jv f}wf~kd~vl xf neye ejfzwvk jdgei ldckjd/e` ldckjd/e`elkw elkwkj kj el lvokk lvokk à`jd`iv à`jd`iv~Ċwd ~Ċwde~f. e~f. Jdoxfwf` Jdoxfwf`Ūe Ūe fk zf f}f~jkw f}f~jkwĊ, Ċ, x~k` v~oe~f, v~oe~f, ezvx~e ezvx~e à`w~fcvlvk gdof`kv el lkoneivlvk / c~eoewkjĊ, zk`we}Ċ Ŕk zfoe`wkjĊ / el cî`gk~kk Ŕk gfjk el lfjwv~kk, el zj~kf~kk, el e~kwofwkjkk, el jeljvlvlvk Ŕk el jdov`kjĊ~kk gkckwelf à` cf`f~el. Fokzbf~e g~fexwĊ à`gfxlk`fŔwf à`gfxlk`fŔwf d bv`jŪkf bde~wf gkbf~kwĊ. Fe fzwf bde~wf zxfjkelkyewĊ zxfjkelkyewĊ à` xf~jfxf~fe xf~jfxf~fe cldnelĊ e ~fleŪkkld~, odgflfld~, jd`bkcv~eŪkkld~ Ŕk zw~vjwv~kld~ jdoxlf}f . Xf`w~v e à`Ūflfcf oek nk`f zĊ lf xv`fo beŪĊ à` beŪĊ9 Fokzbf~e zwî`cĊ Fokzbf~e g~fexwĊ / ldckjĊ / k`wvkŪkf / ~eŪkd`eof`w e`elkwkj / xf~jfxf~fe à`w~fcvlvk, `v e xĊ~Ūkld~. / gkrkye~fe x~dnlfofld~ à` xĊ~Ūk / ~fjv`deŔwf~fe à`w~fcvlvk xd~`k`g gf le d xe~wf.
=.:. E}kdoe e KKK/e e lvk Sewyleskja
=.:.5. Gfbk`kŪkf .D~kjf zjmkon gf jdov`kje~f fzwf zkofw~kj zev jdoxlfof`we~, gvxĊ jvo zf neyfeyĊ xf fcelkwewf zev xf gkbf~f`ŪĊ. D~kjf jdov`kje~f fzwf k`wf~ejwkrĊ1 fe x~krfŔwf gdvĊ zev oek ovlwf xf~zde`f à` ejfleŔk wkox. GdvĊ xf~zde`f, gkzjvwî`g gkzjvwî`g à`w~f flf v` zvnkfjw gew, zf xdw cĊzk à` gdvĊ ~fleŪkk xdzknklf9 e. Eonflf xf~zde`f jd`zkgf~Ċ jĊ ev ejffeŔk evwd~kwewf ezvx~e zvnkfjwvlvk, ejffeŔk jv`deŔwf~f zev ejffeŔk xezkv`f ke~ ~fleŪke je~f zf k`zwelfeyĊ fzwf zkofw~kjĊ9 `kjk v`vl gk`w~f k`wf~ldjvwd~k `v à`jfe~jĊ zĊ/l gfxĊŔfezjĊ xf jflĊlelw, zĊ àl gdok`f. n. V`e gk`w~f xf~zde`f jd`zkgf~Ċ jĊ e~f d oek oe~f evwd~kwewf ezvx~e zvnkfjwvlvk, jfelelwĊ ejjfxwĊ ejfezwĊ evwd~kwewf Ŕk w~e`yejŪke, ejjfxwewĊ gf eoî`gdvĊ, gfrk`f jdoxlfof`we~Ċ. =.:.>. E`elkye w~e`yejŪkd`elĊ Kgffe gf zjmkon jdoxlfof`we~ zf ~fcĊzfŔwf à` end~ge~fe e`elkyfk w~e`yejŪkd`elf, j~fewĊ gf F~kj Nf~`f, je~f xdewf bk ~fyvoewĊ ezwbfl9 à` bkfje~f gk` `dk zvnykzwĊ Ŕk jdf}kzwĊ w~fk xf~zd`elkwĊŪk9 xĊ~k`wflf, jdxklvl Ŕk egvlwvl . À`jfxî`g jv rî~zwe jfe oek b~ecfgĊ eo à`~fckzw~ew à` ofod~kf, à` bv`jŪkf gf zkwveŪkk, jdoxd~weof`wf gkbf~kwf. Xf neye e`elkyfk w~e`yejŪkd`elf, F~kj Nf~`f e à`jf~jew zĊ gfod`zw~fyf jĊ bkfje~f gk`w~f `dk, xdw~krkw zkwveŪkkld~ Ŕk odof`wfld~ rkfŪkk jd`wk`vĊ, à`w~/v` bfl oek ovlw zev oek xvŪk` ejjf`wvew zĊ idejf v`vl gk` jflf w~fk ~dlv~k. Ők gvxĊ gvxĊ jvo jvo ivjĊ ivjĊo o ~dlv ~dlvll gf xĊ~k xĊ~k`w `wf, f, gf jdxk jdxkll zev zev gf egvl egvlw, w, `f cĊzk cĊzko o beŪĊ beŪĊ gf k`wf~ldjvwd~kk `dŔw~k à` zkwveŪkk zkofw~kjf zev jdoxlfof`we~f. XĊ~k`wf Egvlw Jdxkl
XĊ~k`wf Egvlw Jdxkl
ZKOFW^KJĎ
XĊ~k`wf Jdxkl Egvlw
XĊ~k`wf Jdxkl Egvlw
JDOXLFOF@WE^Ď
GejĊ k`wf~ldjvwd~kk `dŔw~k ejjfxwĊ w~e`yejŪke xf ejfezwĊ neyĊ, wdwvl gfjv~cf bde~wf nk`f.
27
=.7. E}kdoe e KR/e
.@ewv~e Ŕk gv~ewe v`fk ~fleŪkk gfxk`g gf xv`jwe~fe zfjrf`Ūfld~ gf jdov`kje~f à`w~f xe~wf`f~k F}kzwĊ gdvĊ zkwveŪkk9 e. K`wf~ejŪkv`f zjv~wĊ gf cf`vl. E E
N N
Ejfezwe `v jd~fzxv`gf w~e`yejŪkkld~ `d~oelf. D nv`Ċ w~e`yejŪkf jd~fzxv`gf rdk`Ūfk k`wf~ldjvwd~kld~ gf e x~flv`ck zjmkonv~klf à`w~/d k`wf~ejŪkv`f gf cf`vl9 N E
N E
N E
E
À` jeyv jeyvll k`wf k`wf~e ~ejŪ jŪkv kv`k `kld ld~~ x~fl x~flv` v`ck ckwf wf zf oe`k oe`kbf bfzw zwĊĊ v` bf`d bf`dof of`` ko koxd xd~we ~we`w `w xf je~f je~f Sewyleskja àl gf`vofŔwf xv`jwe~fe zfjrf`Ūfld~. Ejfzw jd`jfxw à`zfeo`Ċ jĊ k`wf~ldjvwd~kk cĊzfzj odgvl gf e ~fle`ze zjmkonv~klf, ezwbfl, à`jîw ejfzwfe zĊ zf x~flv`cfezjĊ e~od`kdz. D nv`Ċ xv`jwe~f e zfjrf`Ūfld~ re erfe wf`gk`Ūe zĊ of`Ūk`Ċ d jd`wk`vkwewf à` zjmkonv~klf gk`w~f xe~wf`f~k. X~dezwflf xv`jwĊ~k elf zfjrf`Ūfld~ jd`gvj le à`w~f~vxf~fe zjmkonv~kld~. Flf x~drk` wdwgfev`e gk`w~/d x~dezwĊ zwenklk~f e ~fleŪkkld~ à`w~f k`wf~ldjvwd~k, gfde~fjf ejfŔwke zf à`ŔfelĊ ezvx~e gd~k`Ūfld~ zev ezvx~e xf~zd`elkwĊŪkld~ ld~, w~e`zokw d belzĊ koeck`f gfzx~f fk à`ŔkŔk Ŕk e`ceifeyĊ ~fleŪke xf v` wd` zkofw~kj zev jdoxlfof`we~ ewv`jk jî`g z/e~ bk koxvz xf gdz. E zf à`Ŕfle ezvx~e v`fk ~fleŪkk à`zfeo`Ċ e lkokwe x~dnenklkwewfe gf e erfe v` zjmkon nv`1 bkfje~f rd~nfŔwf bĊ~Ċ zĊ/l ezjvlwf xf jflĊlelw, zev àl ezjvlwĊ bklw~î`g gkzjv~zvl à` odg `fcewkr Ŕk, xv`jwe~fe gfrf`k`g ~fxfgf x~dezwĊ, zjmkonv~klf zf gfc~egfeyĊ Ŕk kev zbî~Ŕkw. À` jfl oek ~Ċv jey zf eiv`cf le d wdwelĊ koxdzknklkwewf gf jdov`kje~f. À` gfbk`k~fe ~fleŪkkld~ jv elŪkk zv`w xdzknklf w~fk zkwveŪkk gk`w~f je~f v`e k`zvxd~wenklĊ. 5. Jd`bk~oe~fe Zjmkonv~klf jv elŪkk oĊ jd`bk~oĊ à` jffe jf j~fg e bk xdykwkr zev à` jffe jf àok xlejf le xf~zd`elkwewfe ofe. Eo zf`wkof`wvl bf~kjkw jĊ f}kzw. >. DxdykŪke Zjmkonv~klf jv elŪkk gfyrĊlvkf v` gfyejd~g ~egkjel, ge~ ejfzw gfyejd~g `v koxlkjĊ `kjk d wĊcĊgvk~f e f}kzwf`Ūfk oflf, gk` jd`w~Ċ. @v zv`w gf ejd~g jv jfklelŪk, ge~ àok ~fjv`dzj f}kzwf`Ūe. f}kzwf`Ūe. :. @d`/kgf`wkwewf -gkzw~vcf~f zev `fce~f+ ElŪkk `v Ūk` zfeoe gf xv`jwvl ofv gf rfgf~f, rd~nfzj à` ldjvl ofv, ~Ċzxv`g à` ldjvl ofv. `v oek f}kzw. @fr~dye fzwf ex~dexf.
=.6. ^fyvoew el jfld~ xew~v e}kdof elf jdov`kjĊ~kk
Je zĊ f}kzwf f}kzwf jdov`kje~f jdov`kje~f à` jflf oek nv`f jd`gkŪkk, w~fnvkf zĊ bkf ~fzxfjwewf ~fzxfjwewf jflf xew~v x~k`jkxkk je~f v~ofeyĊ9 5. ^fleŪkf / jd`Ūk`vw D~kjf jdov`kje~f à`w~f gdvĊ zev oek ovlwf xf~zde`f jdoxd~wĊ gdvĊ gkof`zkv`k1 / Jd`Ūk`vwvl, zvnkfjw el jd`rf~zeŪkfk, je~f fzwf k`bd~oeŪkf. / ^fleŪke, egkjĊ wdw jf fzwf cf`f~el, ebfjwkr, jd`wf}wvel à`w~f xf~zde`flf je~f jdov`kjĊ, bkfje~f k`wf~x~fwî`g jd`Ūk`vwvl jdov`kjĊ~kk xdw~krkw xf~zd`elkwĊŪkk zelf. ^fleŪke k`blvf`ŪfeyĊ jd`Ūk`vwvl, zf eblĊ, x~k` v~oe~f, le v` `krfl zvxf~kd~ `krflvlvk jd`Ūk`vwvlvk. >. Lkonei gkckwel / lkonei e`eldckj Lkoneivl gkckwel fzwf lkoneivl jd`Ūk`vwvlvk. 26
F}kzwĊ w~fk bflv~k gf lkoneif elf jd`Ūk`vwvlvk9 / lkoneivl ~fbf~f`Ūkel1 / lkoneivl ofwelk`crkzwkj1 / lkoneivl xdfwkj zev ~fwd~kj. Lkoneivl e`eldckj fzwf lkoneivl ~fleŪkfk. F}kzwĊ w~fk bflv~k gf lkoneif elf ~fleŪkfk9 / lkoneivl f}x~fzkr1 / lkoneivl kox~fzkr1 / lkoneivl bewkj. À`w~/d jdov`kje~f, ejfzwf lkoneif zf zvx~exv` ¹k `v zf f}jlvg. :. @krfl gf ~fleŪkf GvxĊ jd`Ūk`vw Ŕk gvxĊ xf~zd`elkwewfe k`wf~ldjvwd~vlvk, ~fleŪke xdewf bk zkofw~kjĊ zev jdoxlfof`we~Ċ9 / zkofw~kjĊ9 k`wf~ldjvwd~kk ejjfxwĊ zwewvwvl gf fcelkwewf à`w~f fk à` ~exd~w jv jd`Ūk`vwvl1 / jdoxlf jdoxlfof of`we `we~Ċ9 ~Ċ9 k`w k`wf~l f~ldjv djvwd~ wd~kk kk ejjfx ejjfxwĊ wĊ zvxf~ zvxf~kd~ kd~kwe kwewfe wfe v`vke v`vke gk`w~f gk`w~f fk à` ~exd~w ~exd~w jv jd`Ūk`vwvl. 7. Xv`jwe~fe zjmkonv~kld~ Nv`e gfbk`k~f e ~fleŪkfk / zkofw~kjĊ zev jdoxlfof`we~Ċ / ew~ecf gvxĊ zk`f d nv`Ċ xv`jwe~f e zjmkonv~kld~, egkjĊ v` nv` ejd~g à` odgvl gf e jd`wk`ve jdov`kje~fe à` jv~z.
22
Jexkwdlvl 5; ^FJLEOE JE ŐWKK@ŮĎ ŐK E^WĎ ^FJLEOE ~fx~fyk`wĊ ovlwkwvgk`fe gf okildejf Ŕk wfm`kjk el jĊ~vk zjdx fzwf ejfle gf e ew~ecf ewf`Ūke jd`zvoewd~kld~ ezvx~e v`vk x~dgvz zev zf~rkjkv v~oĊ~k`g k`blvf`Ūe~fe ejfzwd~e à` rfgf~fe ejmkykŪkd`Ċ~kk Ŕk bdldzk~kk x~dgvzvlvk zev zf~rkjkvlvk ~fzxfjwkr ^fjleoe x~fyk`wĊ, xf gf d xe~wf, d gkof`zkv`f Ŕwkk`ŪkbkjĊ x~k` ejffe jĊ x~fzvxv`f e`vokwf ~kcd~k elf ofzeivlvk xvnlkjkwe~ Ŕk xf gf elwĊ xe~wf ~fx~fyk`wĊ d e~wĊ à`w~vjîw ofzeivl xvnlkjkwe~ gfxk`gf gf welf`wvl j~fewd~vlvk. ^fjleoe, gk` xv`jw gf rfgf~f fwkodldckj, x~drk`f gk` lkone lewk`Ċ9 ~fjleoe / jleoe~f ? e zw~kce1 / ~fjleoe~f ? e ~fxfwe ~ fxfwe jmfoe~fe.
;.5. ^fxf~f kzwd~kjf
Le à`jfx à`jfxvwv vwv~klf ~klf zelf, zelf, ofzei ofzeivl vl xvnlkj xvnlkjkwe kwe~~ erfe erfe v` je~ej je~ejwf~ wf~ xv~ k`bd~o k`bd~oewk ewkr. r. Vlwf~k Vlwf~kd~, d~, f}kzwf f}kzwf`Ūe `Ūe oek ovlwd~ ovlwd~ ofzei ofzeiff zkovlw zkovlwe`f e`f,, jf jd`jv~ jd`jv~ev ev xf`w~v xf`w~v e jexwe jexwe ewf`Ūk ewf`Ūkee xvnlkj xvnlkjvlv vlvk,k, e gfwf~ok`ew fokŪĊwd~kk gf ~fjleoĊ zĊ ejd~gf ewf`Ūkf bd~ofk gf x~fyf`we~f xf`w~v e oĊ~k Ŕe`zflf je ~fjleoe ld~ zĊ bkf ~fjfxŪkd`ewĊ Ŕk ~fŪk`vwĊ. X~koflf egfrĊ~ewf ~fjleof ev bdzw ebkŔflf Ŕk bdklf rdle`wf jd`Ūk`î`g ofzeif xvnlkjkwe~f. Wf~of`vl f`clfyfzj gf .egrf~wkzof`w./ ~fjleoĊ àl à`wîl`ko xf`w~v x~koe de~Ċ à` Nknlkf à` e`vl 5266, jv zf`zvl gf à`Ŕwkk`Ūe~f. Gf d k`gvzw~kf eof~kje`Ċ gf ~fjleof zf xdewf rd~nk à`zĊ enke le okildjvl zfjdlvlvk ]K] jî`g ~frdlvŪke k`gvzw~kelĊ e e`w~f`ew x~dc~fzf koxd~we`wf à` wdewf zfjwde~flf zkzwfovlvk zdjkel. Rdl`f{ Xelof~ e bdzw x~kovl ecf`w eof~kje` gf xvnlkjkwewf. À` 5=75 fl e à`bkk`Ūew le Xmklegflxmke x~koe ecf`Ūkf gf xvnlkjkwewf, exdk le Ndzwd` à` 5=77 Ŕk le @fs [d~a à` 5=7;. X~kovl ofgkv xv~wĊwd~ gf ~fjleoĊ ev bdzw yke~flf v~oew, le ivoĊwewfe zfjdlvlvk ]K] gf ~frkzwf je~f ev jd`zwkwvkw el gdklfe ofgkv. X~koe ~fjleoĊ exĊ~vwĊ à`w~/d ~frkzwĊ à` ZVE z/e xvnlkjew à` e`vl 5=77, à` .Zdvwmf~` Ofzzf`cf~. el jĊ~fk fgkwd~ e bdzw d r~fof jflfn~vl zj~kkwd~ Fgce~ Ellf` Xdf. GvxĊ X~kovl ^Ċyndk Od`gkel e bdzw k`w~dgvz jd`jfxwvl gf oe~jĊ, à`Ūflfcî`gv/zf x~k` ejfzwe v` `vof bdldzkw xf`w~v kgf`wkbkje~fe x~dgvzvlvk. ^fjleoe e lvew eoxlde~f exdk dgewĊ jv exe~kŪke ~egkdvlvk je~f e gfrf`kw el w~fklfe ofgkv xv~wĊwd~ gf ofzei xvnlkjkwe~ . À` e`kk #78 e bdzw k`w~dgvz jd`jfxwvl gf x~dxv`f~f v`kjĊ gf rî`ye~f. Exlkje~fe ze x~fzvxv`fe f}xldewe~fe f}xldewe~fe `dvwĊŪkk x~dgvzfld~ Ŕk zf~rkjkkld~ dbf~kwf. Exe~kŪke wflfrkykv`kk e jd`zwkwvkw à`jfxî`g jv e`kk #68 Ŕk exe~kŪke jflvk gf/ el xew~vlfe xv~wĊwd~ gf ofzei xvnlkjkwe~ À` `voek w~fk e`k, gk` 5;7; xî`Ċ à` 5;65, à`jezĊ~klf gk` ~fjleoe gf wflfrkykv`f ev j~fzjvw gf yfjf d~k, ke~ à` 5;28, wflfrkykv`fe f~e, gfie, x~k`jkxelvl xv~wĊwd~ gf ~fjleoĊ à` ZVE. Gf/e lv`cvl r~fokk, gfzkc`vl gf ~fjleoĊ e dzjklew à`w~f x~ffok`f`Ūe k`bd~oeŪkfk Ŕk zvx~foeŪkfk jdoxd`f`wfk e~wkzwkjf. Jfk oek welf`weŪk j~fewd~k ev Ŕwkvw à`zĊ, zĊ àonk`f lewv~e k`bd~oeŪkd`elĊ jv gkof`zkv`fe e~wkzwkjĊ, zĊ k`wfc~fyf f}xf~kf`Ūe kzwd~kjĊ Ŕk f}kcf`Ūflf wkoxvlvk ld~.
23
;.>. Bv`jŪkklf ~fjleofk
e Gf jdov`kje~f / fzwf fzf`ŪkelĊ Ŕk e~f je zjdx w~e`zokwf~fe gf k`bd~oeŪkk xf`w~v e bejklkwe ~fleŪke gk`w~f dbf~we`w Ŕk jlkf`wflĊ. n Fjd`dokjĊ / gfyrdlwĊ gkzjf~`Ċoî`wvl jd`zvoewd~kld~ Ŕk àk gfwf~ok`Ċ zĊ ejŪkd`fyf fbkjkf`w xf xkeŪĊ. j ZdjkelĊ / bejklkwfeyĊ gkzfok`e~fe ~exkgĊ e k`dreŪkkld~ Ŕk kgfkld~ `dk gf je~f x~dbkwĊ ewîw ecf`Ūkk fjd`dokjk jîw Ŕk xvnlkjvl jvoxĊ~Ċwd~. g FzwfwkjĊ / jvlwkrĊ zf`zknklkwewfe Ŕk cvzwvl xvnlkjvlvk jvoxĊ~Ċwd~. f XdlkwkjĊ / jd`Ŕwkf`wkyfeyĊ jd`zvoewd~kk jĊ ev xvwf~fe gf e k`blvf`Ūe, x~k` zkoxlvl ejw gf jvoxĊ~e~f, fjmklkn~vl gf bd~Ūf xf xkeŪĊ.
;.:. Dnkfjwkrflf ~fjleofk
D lkzwĊ, `kjk xf gfxe~wf f}mevzwkrĊ, x~dxv`f v~oĊwde~flf dnkfjwkrf9 / k`w~dgvjf~fe v`vk x~dgvz zev e v`fk kgfk xf xkeŪĊ1 / zjmkone~fe gf koeck`f e v`vk x~dgvz, e v`fk oĊ~jk zev bk~of1 / zjmkone~fe xdykŪkfk ~flewkrf e gkbf~kwfld~ x~dgvzf xf d e`vokwĊ xkeŪĊ1 / j~fe~fe zev zjmkone~fe ewkwvgk`kk xvnlkjvlvk jd`zvoewd~1 / j~fŔwf~fe rî`yĊ~kld~ à` k`wf~rel zjv~w, ofgkv zev xf wf~of` lv`c, x~k` odgkbkje~fe jdoxd~weof`wvlvk gf jvoxĊ~e~f el xvnlkjvlvk. D~kj D~kje~ e~ff e~ bk dnkf dnkfjw jwkr krfl flff v`fk v`fk ~fjl ~fjleo eoff flf flf xdw xdw bk v~oĊ v~oĊ~kw ~kwf, f, j~fe j~fe~f ~fee gf ko koec eck` k`ff e x~dgvzvlvk zev d~ce`kyeŪkfk xvwî`g bk ezdjkewĊ jv k`w~dgvjf~fe v`vk `dv x~dgvz xf xkeŪĊ.
;.7. X~k`jkxkk bv`geof`welf xf`w~v jd`jfxf~fe ~fjleofk
Őwkk`Ūe ~fjleofk e zwenklkw x~k`jkxkklf bv`geof`welf à` jd`jfxf~fe ~fjleofk xf neye dnzf~reŪkkld~ x~ejwkjkf`kld~. / zĊ `v xlkjwkzfŔwk1 / zĊ `v k`gvjk à` f~de~f jlkf`wfle, à` odg gflknf~ew1 / zĊ `v k`gkzxvk, zĊ `v dbf`zfyk Ŕk zĊ `v à`gfxĊ~wfyk xvnlkjvl1 / zĊ `v jd`w~erkk lfckld~ à` rkcde~f, of`kwf zĊ exf~f k`wf~fzflf jd`zvoewd~kld~1 jd`zvoewd~kld~1 D jdoxe`kf eof~kje`Ċ eof~kje`Ċ gf jf~jfwĊ~k xvnlkjkwe~f / [e`afldrkjm / oek ~fjdoe`gĊ9 / zĊ `v x~dgvjk zvzxkjkv`f Ŕk `fà`j~fgf~f x~k` f}ecf~Ċ~k Ŕk ebk~oeŪkk bĊ~Ċ zvxd~w1 / zĊ `v gkzw~eck ewf`Ūke gf le ofzei Ŕk zĊ `v j~ffyk jd`bvykf x~k` k`bd~oeŪkf f}jfzkrĊ Ŕk medwkjĊ Xf`w~v j~fewd~kk gf ~fjleoĊ fzwf fzf`Ūkel zĊ eblf jîw oek ovlwf lvj~v~k gfzx~f odgvl gf e cî`gk, e gfjkgf, Ŕk e ejŪkd`e el jd`zvoewd~kld~. Reld Reld~k ~klf lf,, w~fn w~fnvk vk`Ū `Ūfl flf, f, zf`w zf`wko kof` f`wf wflf lf jvox jvoxĊ~ Ċ~Ċw Ċwd~ d~kl kld~ d~ zv`w zv`w jflf jflf je~f je~f lf odwk odwkrf rfey eyĊĊ jdoxd~weof`wvl gf xkeŪĊ. Gf ejffe ~fjleoe w~fnvkf zĊ f}xlkjf xvnlkjvlvk/Ūk`wĊ jvo Ŕk à` jf oĊzv~Ċ x~dgvzvl dbf~kw àk zewkzbejf e`vokwf `frdk, gd~k`Ūf, cvzwv~k, ezxk~eŪkk. Ewf`Ūkf9 ^fjleoe, jd`jfxvwĊ, à` cf`f~el, xf`w~v e k`blvf`Ūe xvnlkjvl zĊ ejmkykŪkd`fyf v` x~dgvz, `v xdewf zelre x~dgvzvl gf je~f xvnlkjvl `v e~f `frdkf.
2=
;.6. ^fcvlk flfof`we~f xf`w~v ~felkye~fe v`fk ~fjleof
5. ZĊ zf eg~fzfyf v`vk zfcof`w gf xvnlkj jv v` x~dbkl nk`f gfbk`kw1 >. ZĊ frkgf`Ūkfyf koxd~we`Ūe xf`w~v jvoxĊ~Ċwd~k e x~dgvzvlvk zev zf~rkjkvlvk dbf~kw, rf`k`g à` à`wîoxk`e~fe `frdkld~ ejfzwd~e1 :. Relde~fe x~dgvzvlvk zĊ bkf f}x~koewĊ à` wf~of`kk jvoxĊ~Ċwd~vlvk / x~fŪ, gv~ewĊ gf à`w~fnvk`Ūe~f, jd`zvov~k1 7. X~dodre~fe x~dgvzvlvk zĊ zf bejĊ x~k`w~/v` ere`wei v`kj xf je~f `v/l xdewf dbf~k `kjk v` jd`jv~f`w1 6. X~dxv`f~fe gf rî`ye~f zĊ bkf f}x~koewĊ jle~, zvn bd~oe v`fk ~fleŪkk jevyelf, à` wf~of`k gf jd`gkŪkf Ŕk jd`zfjk`ŪĊ / jvoxĊ~eŪk x~dgvzvl Ŕk rfŪk erfe v~oĊwd~vl nf`fbkjkv1 2. ZĊ zjdewĊ zjdewĊ à` frkgf`ŪĊ frkgf`ŪĊ xf~zd`elkwewf xf~zd`elkwewfe, e, x~fzwkckv x~fzwkckvl,l, j~fgknklkw j~fgknklkwewfe ewfe dbf~we`wvlvk dbf~we`wvlvk Ŕk jmke~ jmke~ e x~dgvzvlvk1 3. ZĊ jfe~ jfe~ĊĊ v` ~Ċzx ~Ċzxv` v`zz gk` gk` xe~w xe~wfe fe ~fjf ~fjfxw xwd~ d~vl vlvk vk / jdoe jdoe`g `gee wflf wflfbd bd`k `kjĊ jĊ,, rkyk rkykwe we~f ~fee oeceyk`vlvk, zdlkjkwe~fe gf k`bd~oeŪkk zvxlkof`we~f.
;.2. Zw~ewfckk gf ~fjleoĊ
~fjleo eoĊĊ lfec lfecĊĊ dnkfjwkrflf gf bv`jŪkklf zxfj zxfjkb kbkj kjff ~fjl ~fjleo eofk fk,, gf Zw~ewfcke gf ~fjl jd`zvoewd~kk/Ūk`wĊ Ŕk gf ofgkklf gf jdov`kje~f xf je~f fk lf x~fbf~Ċ. Xf ejfezwĊ neyĊ zf gfyrdlwĊ jd`jfxwvl/jmfkf el ~fjleofk, ~felkye~fe jd`j~fwĊ e ejfzwfke bkk`g jd`gkŪkd`ewĊ gf zxfjkbkjvl ofgkkld~ gf jdov`kje~f xf`w~v je~f z/e dxwew. Zw~ewfcke gf ~fjleoĊ xdewf bk jf`w~ewĊ9 / xf x~dgvz / ofzeivl frkgf`ŪkeyĊ ere`weiflf x~dgvzvlvk zvzŪk`vw gf wfzwf, gfod`zw~eŪkk, oĊ~wv~kk elf v`d~ jd`zvoewd~k1 / xf jvoxĊ~Ċwd~ / ~fjleoe bejf jd`zvoewd~vlvk d x~dokzkv`f lfcewĊ gf x~dnlfoflf xf je~f k lf xdewf ~fydlre x~dgvzvl1
;.3. ^dlvl ~fjleofk à` fjd`doke gf xkeŪĊ
^FJLEOE x~fyk`wĊ à` x~kovl ~î`g d gkof`zkv`f fjd`dokjĊ, erî`g g~fxw zjdx fzf`Ūkel gfyrdlwe~fe rî`yĊ~kld~. Fe e~f wdwdgewĊ Ŕk d gkof`zkv`f zdjkelĊ x~k` bexwvl jĊ zf eg~fzfeyĊ `v `voek jlkf`wflfk f}kzwf`wf le v` odof`w gew jk rkyfeyĊ à`w~fece xdxvleŪkf, ~fzxfjwkr xkeŪe xdwf`ŪkelĊ, je~f àŔk oe`kbfzwĊ à` odg jd`zwe`w gd~k`Ūe gf e jv`deŔwf, gf e zf k`bd~oe, gf e jv`deŔwf jelkwewfe x~dgvzfld~. ^FJLEOE je bf`dof` jd`wfoxd~e` e lvew d eoxlde~f gfdzfnkwĊ à` jeg~vl fjd`dokfk gf xkeŪĊ je~f zf xdewf f}xlkje x~k` v~oĊwde~flf jevyf9 5. J~fŔwf~fe gkof`zkv`kk zxeŪkvlvk fjd`dokj . Env`gf`Ūe Ŕk gkrf~zkbkje~fe zd~wkof`wfld~ gf x~dgvzf, le v` odof`w gew, e ~felkyew w~fjf~fe gf le xkeŪe x~dgvjĊwd~vlvk le jfe e jd`zvoewd~vlvk, jffe jf e gvz le `fjfzkwewfe zewkzbejf~kk `frdkld~ gf jd`zvo. Z/e zkoŪkw `frdke v`vk ofgkewd~ à`w~f bk~oe x~dgvjĊwde~f Ŕk xvnlkj egkjĊ à`w~f x~dgvjŪkf Ŕk jd`zvo. >. J~fŔwf~fe xvwf~kk gf jvoxĊ~e~f e jd`zvoewd~vlvk. / zxd~k~fe gkzxd`knklkwĊŪkld~ od`fwe~f e jd`zvoewd~kld~ :. J~fŔwf~fe rdk`Ūfk gf jvoxĊ~e~f . Eoxlde~fe Eoxlde~fe bf`dof`v bf`dof`vlvk lvk v~ne`kzwkj v~ne`kzwkj,, x~flve~fe x~flve~fe gf jĊw~f jdlfjwkrkw jdlfjwkrkwewf ewf zev d~ce`kzof d~ce`kzof fjd`dokjd / zdjkelf e v`d~ ~kzjv~k, fwj. e gvz le eoxlkbkje~fe gd~k`Ūfk gf jvoxĊ~e~f berd~kyî`g ezwbfl jd`zvovl. 7. Ejjflf~e~fe ~kwovlvk gf lvxwĊ jd`jv~f`ŪkelĊ . Lvxwe xf`w~v ejexe~e~fe v`fk xkfŪf zev zfcof`wf gf xkeŪĊ e gfrf`kw wdw oek ejvwĊ. Xvnlkjkwewfe fzwf d bd~oĊ gf e`ceie~f e lvxwfk xf`w~v zvx~foeŪkf. 2;
6. Zwe`ge~gkye~fe x~dgvzfld~ Ŕk j~fŔwf~fe ~dlvlvk oĊ~jkld~ . Zwe`ge~gkye~fe ezkcv~Ċ wkxkye~fe Ŕk v`kbkje~fe gkbf~kwfld~ gkof`zkv`k elf x~dgvzfld~ ke~ oe~je gfrk`f v` egfrĊ~ew nleyd` el x~dgvjĊwd~vlvk kgf`wkbkjî`g/d à` ~exd~w jv x~dgvzflf jd`jv~f`Ūkelf 2. FovleŪke xf~oe`f`wĊ e `dkld~ wfm`kjk Ŕk bd~of gf jdof~Ū.
;.=. Relde~fe fjd`dokjĊ Ŕk zdjkelĊ e ~fjleofk
Relde~fe fjd`dokjĊ Ŕk zdjkelĊ e xvnlkjkwĊŪkk w~fnvkf ex~fjkewĊ à` bv`jŪkf gf ere`weiflf Ŕk k`jd`rf`kf`wflf x~drdjewf v`kwĊŪkk x~dgvjĊwde~f, jd`zvoewd~vlvk, fjd`dokfk à` cf`f~el. Ere`weif9 5 Xf`w~v x~dgvjĊwd~ 9 / ~fx~fyk`wĊ d x~flv`ck~f `ewv~elĊ e ejŪkv`kk jdof~jkelf erî`g je zjdx k`bd~oe~fe jd`zvoewd~vlvk ezvx~e x~dgvzfld~ ~felkyewf à` rfgf~fe w~e`zbd~oĊ~kk jd`zvoewd~vlvk xdwf`Ūkel à`w~/v` jvoxĊ~Ċwd~ ~fel1 / fzwf v` k`zw~vof`w x~k` k`wf~ofgkvl jĊ~vke v`kwewfe fjd`dokjĊ zf k`bd~ofeyĊ ezvx~e jdoxd~weof`wvlvk jlkf`wflfk beŪĊ gf x~dgvzvl zĊv1 / fzwf v` ~fcvle~kyewd~ à`w~f rdlvovl jf~f~kk Ŕk dbf~wfk, jflf gdvĊ jdoxd`f`wf elf fjd`dokfk gf xkeŪĊ. / jd`w~knvkf le rî`ye~fe gf oezĊ je~f zf w~egvjf à` zjĊgf~fe x~fŪvlvk gf jdzw el x~dgvzvlvk1 / berd~kyfeyĊ jmflwvkflklf gf jf~jfwe~f Ŕk gfyrdlwe~f, okjŔd~î`g wkoxvl jf zfxe~Ċ d k`dreŪkf gf f}xldewe~fe fk jdof~jkelĊ. > Xf`w~v jd`zvoewd~9 / àl gfwf~ok`Ċ zĊ jv`dezjĊ x~dgvzflf x~dgvzflf Ŕk zf~rkjkklf k`w~dgvzf xf xkeŪĊ, àk dbf~Ċ k`bd~oeŪkklf Ŕk flfof`wflf `fjfze~f v`fk elfcf~k odwkrewf1 : Xf`w~v fjd`dokf à` cf`f~el9 / fzwf v` bejwd~ koxd~we`w el j~fŔwf~kk fjd`dokjf1 / ejŪkd`feyĊ ezvx~e jf~f~kk xf je~f d à`wĊ~fŔwf Ŕk d gfyrdlwĊ oĊ~k`gv/k zbf~e Ŕk jd`Ūk`vwvl1 / ejŪkd`feyĊ ezvx~e dbf~wfk xf je~f d zwkovlfeyĊ1 / ejŪkd`feyĊ ezvx~e jd`jv~f`Ūfk gvjî`g le d gkbf~f`Ūkf~f j~fzjî`gĊ e x~dgvzfld~1 K`jd`rf`kf`wf9 5 Xf`w~v x~dgvjĊwd~9 / jdzwvl ~kgkjew jv k`blvf`Ūf `fcewkrf ezvx~e rf`kwvlvk v`kwĊŪkk1 / ~fjvxf~e~fe jmflwvkflkld~ Ŕk fzwkoe~fe nf`fbkjkkld~ e~f le neyĊ jeljvlvl x~dnenklkzwkj1 / fzwf gkbkjkl gf zwenklkw v` ~exd~w dxwko à` nele`Ūe gf rf`kwv~k Ŕk jmflwvkflk f v`kwĊŪkk1 > Xf`w~v jd`zvoewd~9 / fzwf x~fyf`wĊ xf~oe`f`w Ŕk x~fwvwk`gf`k x~k` oezz/ofgke erî`g je~ejwf~ gf k`rege~f bĊ~Ċ of`eieof`wf e wvwv~d~ ezxfjwfld~ rkfŪkk k`gkrkykld~, jmke~ Ŕk e jfld~ oek k`wkof / w~ewfeyĊ jd`zvoewd~vl je xf v` zvngfyrdlwew k`wflfjwvel, je xf v` `ekr, x~k` zĊ~Ċjke gf zldce`v~k zldce`v~k Ŕk egfzfe egfzfe odgvl zwvxkg Ŕk jmke~ jmke~ enzv~g enzv~g gf e lf w~e`zxv`f w~e`zxv`f à` ~fjleoĊ. ~fjleoĊ. Xvnlkjkwewf Xvnlkjkwewfee zf w~e`zbd~oĊ à`w~/d ~felĊ à`w~fx~k`gf~f gf en~vwkye~f à` oezĊ, ldrk`g jmke~ k`wf~fzflf jfld~ je~f ev jd`jfxvw/d / xv`f à` frkgf`ŪĊ, v`fd~k, v` lkonei f}ecf~ew, jv ebk~oeŪkk wf`gf`Ūkdezf zev ok`jk`dezf, ok`jk`dezf, e~cvof`wf rkgf, lkxzkwf gf d~kjf zf`z1 / fzwf jdzwkzkwde~f xv`î`gv/l xf jd`zvoewd~ à` xdzwv~e gf e zvxd~we jmflwvkflklf gf ~fjleoĊ elf x~dgvjĊwd~vlvk. : Xf`w~v fjd`dokf, à` cf`f~el9 / zf jmflwvkfzj zvof xf`w~v e xdxvle~kye nv`v~k jf `v zv`w gf k`wf~fz cf`f~el1 / zf `fclkifeyĊ k`wf~fzflf jd`zvoewd~vlvk à` berde~fe k`wf~fzvlvk bk~ofk1 bk~ ofk1 38
/ ejjflf~feyĊ kfŔk~fe gk` vy e v`d~ x~dgvzf, x~k` à`ldjvk~fe ld~ jv elwflf jf `v zv`w `fexĊ~ew zvxf~kde~f ge~ zv`w oek zjvoxf1 À` xdbkge ejfzwd~ k`jd`rf`kf`wf, xvnlkjkwewfe ~Ċoî`f v` flfof`w gf ~fbf~k`ŪĊ je~f, bdldzkw jv ivzwfŪf xdewf egvjf oe~k zf~rkjkk vwklkyewd~kld~. Fe fzwf x~dodwde~fe xf~oe`f`wĊ e v`vk zvblv `dv, jdoxfwkwkr à` jeg~vl ejwkrkwĊŪkld~ fjd`dokjf, k`gkbf~f`w gf zbf~e / jf~f~f zev dbf~wĊ / à` je~f zf eblĊ ejfŔwke. ;.;.
Wkxv~k gf ~fjleoĊ
;.;.5. J~kwf~kk gf jlezkbkje~f Wkxdldcke ~fjleofld~ fzwf bde~wf re~kewĊ xf`w~v jĊ f}kzwĊ ovlwkxlf j~kwf~kk gf jlezkbkje~f. e. GvxĊ dnkfjwvl v~oĊ~kw9 / xf`w~v zwkovle~fe rî`yĊ~kk gf oĊ~bv~k1 / xf`w~v x~fzwĊ~k zf~rkjkk1 / xf`w~v jd`w~ejwĊ~k gf oĊ~bv~k. n. GvxĊ zjdxvl v~oĊ~kw 9 / gf le`ze~f1 / gf zvzŪk`f~f. j. GvxĊ zbf~e gf ejŪkv`f9 / je~f zf eg~fzfeyĊ v`vk e`vokw zfcof`w el xkfŪfk gf jd`zvo1 / je~f zf eg~fzfeyĊ xkfŪfk gf jd`zvo à` à`w~fcvl fk. g. GvxĊ wfm`kje gf eg~fze~f9 / gk~fjwĊ1 / k`gk~fjwĊ. f. GvxĊ ldjvl gf x~dgvjf~f el fbfjwvlvk9 / k`wf~kde~Ċ1 / f}wf~kde~Ċ. b. GvxĊ zbf~e cfdc~ebkjĊ9 / eg~fzewĊ xkfŪfk k`wf~`f1 / eg~fzewĊ xkfŪfk f}wf~`f. c. GvxĊ wkxvl eg~fze`wvlvk9 / xf`w~v vwklkyewd~k1 / xf`w~v k`wf~ofgke~k. m. GvxĊ bv`jŪkklf xf je~f lf à`gfxlk`fŔwf9 / k`w~dgvjwkrĊ Ŕk gf lĊov~k~f1 / gf ~feok`wk~f1 / djeykd`elĊ. k. Gk` xv`jw gf rfgf~f el d~ce`vlvk ~fjfxwd~9 / rkyvelĊ1 / evgkwkrĊ1 / dlbejwkrĊ1 / wejwklĊ1 vwklkyewf à`w~/d oek okjĊ oĊzv~Ċ / cvzwewkrĊ. i. GvxĊ wfm`kje gf f}fjvŪkf 9 / x~k` fbfjwf lvok`dezf1 / x~k` fbfjwf evgkwkrf1 / x~k` fbfjwf jdonk`ewf1 / x~k` f}xv`f~f1 / x~k` xe~egĊ gf odgĊ1 / x~k` ere`weif ejd~gewf. a. GvxĊ zvxd~wvl gf w~e`zokwf~f9 35
/ x~fze zj~kzĊ1 / wflfrkykv`f1 / ~egkd1 / jk`foewdc~eb1 / ebkŔei zw~egel1 / rf~nel le à`w~v`k~k1 / rfzwkof`weŪkf1 / dnkfjwf x~dodŪkd`elf. l. GvxĊ x~dgvzvl x~dodrew9 / x~koe~f / xf`w~v x~dgvzf cf`f~kjf, bĊ~Ċ oe~jĊ9 of~f, ejf gf zkcv~e`ŪĊ, exĊ d}kcf`ewĊ1 / zfjv`ge~f / xf`w~v x~dgvzf gf oe~jĊ9 j~foe Cf~drkwel, nf~fe Oelnf~e, xe`wdbkk Cvne`1 o. GvxĊ fbfjwflf x~dgvzf ezvx~e jd`zvoewd~kld~9 / jv ejŪkv`f gk~fjwĊ9 x~k` xdŔwĊ, x~k` wflfbd`1 / jv ejŪkv`f k`gk~fjwĊ9 ~fjleoe jv ofzei fjdldckj1 `. GvxĊ zxd`zd~vl ~fjleofk9 / jdof~jkelf1 / `d`/jdof~jkelf / jv je~ejwf~ k`bd~oewkr/fgvjewkr1
;.;.>. X~k`jkxelflf wkxv~k gf ~fjleoĊ À` k`gvzw~ke ~fjleofk, w~egkŪke e jd`zej~ew d zf~kf gf wkxv~k jf z/ev koxvz x~k` vy, eŔe ykzflf .wkxv~k jlezkjf. bĊ~Ċ e erfe v` j~kwf~kv v`kwe~ gf jlezkbkje~f. Ejfzwf .wkxv~k jlezkjf. zv`w9 e. ^fjleoe gf yke~ n. ^fjleoe gf ~frkzwĊ j. ^fjleoe gf ~egkd g. ^fjleoe gf wflfrkykv`f f. ^fjleoe gf W~e`zkw b. EbkŔflf Ŕk xe`dv~klf zw~egelf c. ^fjleoflf jlezkbkjewf m. ^fjleoe x~k` xdŔwĊ k. ^fjleoe gf le bk~oĊ le bk~oĊ i. Jegdv~klf jv ofzei xvnlkjkwe~
;.;.>.5. ^fjleoe gf yke~
Yke~vl ~fx~fyk`wĊ ofgkvl jfl oek zdlkjkwew gewd~kwĊ ere`weifld~ xf je~f lf x~fyk`wĊ9 / `voĊ~vl oe~f gf yke~f1 / ezkcv~e~fe v`vk jd`wf}w oek j~fgknkl1 / x~fŪv~k ~flewkr okjk1 / xdzknklkwewfe ~fxfwĊ~kk ofzeivlvk1 / xdzknklkwewfe `fcdjkf~kk gkof`zkv`kld~ Ŕk e xdykŪkd`Ċ~kk1 / xdzknklkwewfe gfjvxĊ~kk ~fjleofk zev e welde`fld~ gf jdoe`gĊ. Gew bkk`g bexwvl jĊ yke~flf zv`w k`v`gewf gf ~fjleoĊ, xf`w~v d~kjf gfzkc`f~, x~dnlfoe xf je~f Ŕk/d xv`f fzwf gf e ~felkye d ~fjleoĊ jîw oek rkyknklĊ Ŕk xf~zvezkrĊ.
3>
^fjdoe`gĊ~k elf f}xf~Ūkld~ à` ~fjleoe gf yke~ 5 Of`Ūkd`e~fe nf`fbkjkvlvk v`kj à` jmke~ wkwlvl ~fjleofk > Bdldzk~fe v`vk zk`cv~ flfof`w gdok`e`w / wkwlv zev bdwdc~ebke / xf`w~v e frkwe gkzxf~zke ewf`Ūkfk : Gf~vle~fe ldckjĊ e k`bd~oeŪkkld~9 jdf~f`Ūe wf}wvlvk 7 Bdldzk~fe v`vk wd` gf zk`jf~kwewf, bĊ~Ċ f}ecf~Ċ~k 6 E~cvof`we~fe jv gewf jd`j~fwf e ere`weifld~ x~dgvzvlvk x~dodrew, à`wdwgfev`e gk` xf~zxfjwkre xdwf`Ūkelkld~ jlkf`Ūk 2 À`gfo`e~fe jkwkwd~kld~ le d ejŪkv`f kofgkewĊ 3 Kgf`wkbkje~fe x~dgvzvlvk x~k` oe~jĊ Ŕk e dbf~we`wvlvk x~k` ldcd1 frkgf`Ūkf~fe ~fxvweŪkfk x~dgvzvlvk Ŕk e dbf~we`wvlvk = Bv~`kye~fe gf k`bd~oeŪkk ldckzwkjf9 odg gf x~djv~e~f, bd~of gf xlewĊ, eg~fzf wflfbd` fwj ; Bdldzk~fe jv cf`f~dykwewf e zxeŪkvlvk lknf~ xf`w~v e oĊ~k rkyknklkwewfe 58 Vwklkye~fe v`vk jd~x gf lkwf~Ċ zvbkjkf`w gf oe~f Ŕk jle~ xf`w~v e ezkcv~e d lfjwv~e~f jd`bd~wenklĊ 55 Zkoxlkwewf, fjd`dokf gf jvrk`wf Ŕk e~wkbkjkk 5> J~fe~f J~fe~fee Ŕk of`Ūk` of`Ūk`f~f f~fee v`vk v`vk zwkl zwkl zxfjkb zxfjkbkj, kj, k`jd`b k`jd`bv`g v`genk enkl,l, xf`w~v xf`w~v ~fjleo ~fjleoflf flf ejflvkeŔk x~dgvz, zev elf ejflffeŔk bk~of/zxd`zd~
;.;.>.>. ^fjleoe à` ~frkzwf
Bkk`g oek zxfjkelkyewf gfjîw yke~flf, ~frkzwflf zf eg~fzfeyĊ v`d~ zfcof`wf gf xvnlkj oek nk`f k`gkrkgvelkyew. Bexwvl jd`zwkwvkf v` ere`wei xf`w~v zxd`zd~, gî`gv/k xdzknklkwewfe zĊ/Ŕk elfecĊ ~frkzwe zvxd~w xf`w~v ~fjleoĊ. GfŔk ~fjleoe fzwf oek zjvoxĊ, zxd`zd~kk elfc ~frkzwflf, à`w~vjîw ejfzwfe zv`w oek xvŪk` xf~kzenkl xf~kzenklf, f, jk~jvlĊ jk~jvlĊ Ŕk à` ~î`gvl ~î`gvl ofon~kld~ ofon~kld~ gf beoklkf, beoklkf, x~kfwf`kld x~kfwf`kld~, ~, jdlfckld~, jdlfckld~, bexw jf ovlwkxlkjĊ ovlwkxlkjĊ xdwf`Ūkelkk jd`zvoewd~k. ^fjleoe gf ~frkzwĊ djvxĊ v` zxeŪkv je~f fzwf, à` ofgkf, oek oe~f gfjîw el ~fjleofk gf yke~ Ŕk jd`Ūk`f oek ovlwf gfwelkk, gfrf`k`g, ezwbfl, oek jd`rk`cĊwde~f. Jelkwewfe zvxf~kde~Ċ e mî~wkfk gf ~frkzwĊ xf~okwf d klvzw~eŪkf oek b~vodezĊ, oek bkgflĊ, jffe jf oĊ~fŔwf koxejwvl ezvx~e xvnlkjvlvk. Gv~ewe ofzeivlvk xvnlkjkwe~ fzwf ovlw x~flv`ckwĊ à` wkox gewd~kwĊ bexwvlvk jĊ f}kzwĊ ovlŪk jdlfjŪkd`e~k gf ~frkzwf. Ex~d}koewkr ejflfeŔk ere`weif lf x~fyk`wĊ Ŕk ~fjleoflf exĊ~vwf à` jĊ~Ūk gf zxfjkelkwewf.
^fjdoe`gĊ~k elf f}xf~Ūkld~ à` ~fjleoe gf ~frkzwĊ 5 À`jeg~e~fe wfoewkjĊ e ~fjleofk à` zbf~e gf k`wf~fz e jkwkwd~kld~ bkgflk > Bd~ovle~fe ofzeivlvk à` bv`jŪkf gf `krflvl jvlwv~el el jkwkwd~kld~ bkgflk : X~fyf`we~fe `dvwĊŪkld~ gfzx~f x~dgvz à`jĊ gk` x~kovl xe~ec~eb xf`w~v jexwe~fe ewf`Ūkfk 7 Ezkcv~e~fe ldckjkk Ŕk jle~kwĊŪkk wf}wvlvk 6 E~cvof`we~fe x~k` f}foxlf jd`j~fwf 2 F}jlvgf~fe f}ecf~Ċ~kld~, gkreceŪkkld~ Ŕk e jlkŔffld~ lk`crkzwkjf je~f xf~kjlkwfeyĊ j~fgknklkwewfe 3 Bdldzk~fe xe~ec~ebfld~ zjv~wf / xew~v/jk`jk ~î`gv~k bkfje~f / Ŕk e b~eyfld~ zjv~wf1 frkwe~fe xe~e`wfyfld~ Ŕk e x~dxdykŪkkld~ zvnd~gd`ewf zvnd~gd`ewf = Frkwe~fe enzw~ejŪkv`kld~ Ŕk e wf~of`kld~ gf zxfjkelkwewf, à` berde~fe v`vk rdjenvle~ ejjfzknkl 3:
; Bdldzk~fe jv x~fjĊgf~f e wkoxvlvk x~fyf`w Ŕk e eg~fzĊ~kk gk~fjwf, le xf~zde`e e gdve 58 ^f`v`Ūe~fe le eoĊ`v`wf jf xdw bk gewf vlwf~kd~ jlkf`Ūkld~, à` bv`jŪkf gf k`wf~fzflf zxfjkelf elf ejfzwd~e ;.;.>.:. ^fjleoe ~egkd ^egkdvl, zx~f gfdzfnk~f gf x~fze wkxĊ~kwĊ, e~f v` zvxd~w fbfof~9 v`ge zd`d~Ċ. Gewd~kwĊ bexwvlvk jĊ ofod~ke evgkwkrĊ e~f d ejv~ewfŪf oek okjĊ gfjîw jfe rkyvelĊ ke~ k`bd~oeŪkklf jd`zkgf~ewf bdldzkwde~f zf zvjjfg oek ~fxfgf Ŕk bĊ~Ċ ~fxfwe~f, k`bd~oeŪke x~k` ~egkd fzwf ~fŪk`vwĊ à` oek okjĊ x~dxd~Ūkf. E~f, wdwvŔk d zf~kf gf ere`weif9 / jdzwv~klf gf x~dgvjŪkf Ŕk gkbvye~f ~flewkr okjk1 / blf}knklkwewfe x~dc~eoĊ~kk d~e~f1 / xdzknklkwewfe w~e`zokwf~kk v`d~ ofzeif x~dodŪkd`elf v~cf`wf1 / gkbvye~fe ~fjleofk à` yd`f cfdc~ebkjf bde~wf nk`f gflkokwewf, elfzf gf zxd`zd~ à` bv`jŪkf gf zw~ewfcke gf gkzw~knvŪkf. / zflfjwe~fe, g~fxw jd`wf}w xf`w~v ~fjleoĊ, e e`vokwd~ x~dc~eof x~fbf~ewf gf ezjvlwĊwd~k, je~f berd~kyfeyĊ zxd`zd~vl1 / xdzknklkwewfe ~fxfwĊ~kk ~fjleofk. ~ fjleofk. Xf`w~v ~fjleoe ~egkd fzwf bde~wf koxd~we`w zĊ zf ~fŪk`Ċ ewf`Ūke evgkwd~kvlvk jmke~ gk` x~koflf odof`wf, bexw jf koxv`f e zf ~fjv~cf, egfzfe, le fbfjwf zd`d~f. ^fjleoe ~egkd `v w~fnvkf ~fxfwewĊ kgf`wkj xf`w~v e `v xlkjwkzk xf ezjvlwĊwd~k. Zf ~fjdoe`gĊ x~dgvjf~fe oek ovlwd~ re~ke`wf, xĊzw~î`gv/zf, à`zĊ, ejffeŔk wfoĊ Ŕk ejfleŔk ~fckzw~v fodŪkd`el gf/e lv`cvl à`w~fckk jeoxe`kk. Zf ~fjdoe`gĊ je ofzeivl ~fjleofk zĊ zf jd`jf`w~fyf xf v` zk`cv~ ere`wei el x~dgvzvlvk x~dodrew, bdldzk~fe b~eyfld~ zjv~wf, à`ldjvk~fe jkb~fld~ Ŕk eg~fzfld~ x~k` bv~`kye~fe v`d~ ~fxf~f gf d~kf`we~f, beoklke~f xvnlkjvlvk/Ūk`wĊ. À`w~/d ~fjleoĊ ~egkd, bk`elvl fzwf le bfl gf koxd~we`w je Ŕk à`jfxvwvl. Zf xdewf ~fjv~cf le vod~ xf`w~v je ezjvlwĊwd~vl zĊ ezdjkfyf x~dgvzvl x~dodrew jv d ewodzbf~Ċ gf nv`Ċ gkzxdykŪkf. Jelkwewfe v`fk ~fjleof ~egkd fzwf gewĊ gf9 5 Kgf`wkbkje~fe x~dgvzvlvk Ŕk e bk~ofk1 > Frkgf`Ūkf~fe ere`weivlvk v`kj1 : Jd`jfxwvl/jmfkf1 7 Okildejflf gf ew~ecf~f Ŕk ~fŪk`f~f e ewf`Ūkfk1 6 Zkoxlkwewfe Ŕk jle~kwewfe ofzeivlvk1 2 GfzbĊŔv~e~fe ldckjĊ e blv}vlvk k`bd~oeŪkd`el1 3 X~dzxfŪkofe Ŕk k`cf`vkwewfe zwklvlvk1 = Ovykje Ŕk fbfjwflf zd`d~f1 ; Koxejwvl Ŕk ofod~enklkwewfe bk`elvlvk . ;.;.>.7. ^fjleoe gf wflfrkykv`f Zxdwvl xvnlkjkwe~ fzwf jd`zkgf~ew jfl oek fbkjejf wkx gf ~fjleoĊ gfde~fjf bdldzfŔwf v` jdoxlf} gf okildejf gf jdov`kje~f9 koeck`f, okŔje~f, wf}w, zv`fw. Zbewv~k xf`w~v j~fewd~kk gf zxdwv~k WR 5 Xd~` Xd~`kŪ kŪkk gf le x~fo x~fokz kzee jĊ xvnl xvnlkj kjvl vl fzwf fzwf k`wf k`wflk lkcf cf`w `w,, e~f e~f koec koeck` k`eŪ eŪkf kf,, cvzw cvzw,, gkzjf~`Ċoî`w > À`ek`wf gf e x~fyf`we v` x~dgvz, x~dgvz, k`bd~oeŪk/rĊ zf~kdz ezvx~e ezvx~e lvk
37
: ElfcfŪk odgelkwĊŪk gf x~fyf`we~f egfjrewf x~dgvzvlvk dbf~kw, bv~`kyî`g f}xlkjeŪkk, gfod`zw~eŪkk, koeck`k gfzj~kxwkrf, kox~fzkk elf vwklkyewd~kld~ BdldzkŪk okildejflf wfm`kjf jflf oek jd`rk`cĊwde~f jd`rk`cĊwde~f 7 Eg~fzeŪk/rĊ wflfzxfjwewd~vlvk je rk~wvel jvoxĊ~Ċwd~ 6 Frkgf`ŪkeŪk v`kjkwewfe, xf~zd`elkwewfe Ŕk oe~je x~dgvzvlvk zev e bk~ofk 2 ^fxfweŪk k`bd~oeŪkklf rf~nelf, à` zxfjkel ere`weiflf xf`w~v jd`zvoewd~k 3. VwklkyeŪk gk` xlk` okŔje~fe je flfof`w zxfjkbkj, gkzwk`jwkr el ~fjleofk gf wflfrkykv`f = BejfŪk exfl le fodŪkk Ŕk jĊvweŪk zĊ koxlkjeŪk xvnlkjvl ewîw ~eŪkd`el, jîw oek elfz ebfjwkr ; Dbf~kŪk k`bd~oeŪke à`w~/d bd~oĊ jd`jkzĊ, jîw oek ex~dexf gf jfe e Ŕwk~kld~ 58 WfzweŪk ~fjleoe à`ek`wf gf e d w~e`zokwf xf xdzw 55 @v rĊ ovlŪvokŪk jv ~fjleof ofgkdj~f 5> BkŪk à`g~Ċy`fŪ1 bdldzkŪk re~ke`wf Ŕdje`wf1 `v fykweŪk zĊ x~drdjeŪk xf wflfzxfjwewd~k x~k` j~fe~fe gf eonkcvkwĊŪk Ŕk zkwveŪkk g~eoewkjf Frelve~fe jelkwĊŪkk ~fjleofk gf wflfrkykv`f zf bejf x~k` flfof`wflf fk jdoxd`f`wf Wfzwvl Cellvx ~fjdoe`gĊ rf~kbkje~fe v~oĊwde~fld~ jdoxd`f`wf/jmfkf9 / flfof`wvl je~f ew~ecf ewf`Ūke wflfzxfjwewd~vlvk1 / jdov`kjenklkwewfe ofzeivlvk1 / ~fejŪke wflfzxfjwewd~kld~ le ~fjleoĊ, je f}x~fzkf e j~fgknklkwĊŪkk fk1 / jexejkwewfe ~fjleofk gf e cf`f~e ezdjkeŪkk zwkovlewkrf à` ok`wfe ~fjfxwd~kld~ Ŕk gf e x~dgvjf d f}xf~kf`ŪĊ fodŪkd`elĊ ec~fenklĊ. Wflfwf}wvl ~fx~fyk`wĊ d elwĊ bd~oĊ gf xvnlkjkwewf x~k` WR, oek xvŪk` ew~ejwkrĊ ge~ jv jfl xvŪk` gdvĊ oe~k ere`weif9 / ~exkgkwewfe gkbvyĊ~kk k`bd~oeŪkfk1 / x~fŪvl ovlw oek zjĊyvw gfjîw el zxdwv~kld~ WR dnkŔ`vkwf. 58.;.>.6. ^fjleoe gf W~e`zkw ^fjleoe à` ~fŪfeve gf w~e`zxd~w gk` oe~klf d~eŔf bv~`kyfeyĊ xvnlkjvlvk f}xf~kf`Ūf e~wkzwkjf gk` jf à` jf oek k`wf~fze`wf. ^fjleoflf gk` f}wf~kd~vl rfmkjvlfld~ w~fnvkf zĊ bkf bde~wf jd`jkzf, ew~ejwkrf rkyvel Ŕk jv je~ejwf~f gf lkwf~Ċ jîw oek oe~k xdzknklf Ere`weif9 5. GĊ xdzknklkwewfe je xvnlkjvl rkyew zĊ ~fjfxwfyf ofzeivl à` g~vo, jffe jf zwkovlfeyĊ Ŕk v~cf`wfeyĊ gd~k`Ūe gf jvoxĊ~e~f. >. Beoklke~kyfeyĊ ~exkg xdwf`Ūkelkk jvoxĊ~Ċwd~k jv `dklf x~dgvzf. :. Ezkcv~Ċ Ŕe`zf oe~k gf xe~jv~cf~f k`wfc~elĊ e ofzeivlvk. 58.;.>.2. EbkŔf Ŕk xe`dv~k zw~egelf Xf oĊzv~e v~ne`kyĊ~kk Ŕk k`wf`zkbkjĊ~kk w~e`zxd~wvlvk ~vwkf~, g~vov~klf gf ejjfz zx~f oe~klf jf`w~f jdof~jkelf ev gfrf`kw ldjv~k x~fbf~ewf gf eoxleze~f e xe`dv~kld~ zw~egelf. Ejfzwfe w~fnvkf zĊ bkf9 / gf oe~k gkof`zkv`k1 / dnzf~renklf Ŕk lkyknklf1 / jv ofzei jd`jkz1 / jv xvŪk`f fbfjwf rkyvelf Ŕk gf oe~f k`wf`zkwewf. ;.;.>.3. ^fjleoflf jlezkbkjewf Zf eg~fzfeyĊ v`d~ jd`zvoewd~k je~f Ŕwkv f}ejw jf gd~fzj Ŕk je~f ev `frdkf gde~ gf k`bd~oeŪkk x~krk`g x~djv~e~fe x~dgvzfld~. Zf ex~fjk ex~fjkey eyĊĊ jĊ ex~d}k ex~d}koew oewkr kr ;8& gk` xvnlkj xvnlkjvl vl je~f je~f jd`zvl jd`zvlwĊ wĊ ~fjleo ~fjleoflf flf jlezkb jlezkbkje kjewf wf x~djfgfeyĊ le jvoxĊ~e~fe x~dgvzvlvk. 36
F}kzwĊ w~fk zxfjkk gf ~fjleof jlezkbkjewf9 5 ZfjŪkv`fe gf ~fjleof jlezkbkjewf e yke~fld~ . Ev gvz le exe~kŪke bd~ovlfk gf yke~ f}jlvzkr xvnlkjkwe~. > ^fjleoe jlezkbkjewĊ k`w~dgvzĊ à` je~wfe gf wflfbd` . : Jeweldecflf gf bk~oĊ xf gdof`kk ^fjleoflf jlezkbkjewf ev gdvĊ ewv/v~k9 gv~ewĊ oe~f Ŕk bejklkwewf gf ejjfz.
;.;.>.=. ^fjleoe x~k` xdŔwĊ ^fjleoe x~k` xdŔwĊ fzwf d bd~oĊ jv ~Ċzxv`z gk~fjw Ŕk zf eblĊ à` xlk`Ċ ezjf`zkv`f. À` ZVE ~fjleoe zf eblĊ xf ldjvl el w~fklfe gvxĊ jfe gk` yke~ Ŕk wflfrkykv`f. Dbf~Ċ ~fjfxwd~vlvk wdewf flfof`wflf `fjfze~f xf`w~v e jdoe`ge x~dgvzvl x~dodrew9 oe~je, wflfbd`vl Ŕk eg~fze bk~ofk dbf~we`wf, x~fŪvl, ere`weivl v`kj. ^fjleoe w~fnvkf zĊ jd`Ūk`Ċ ce~e`Ūkk Ŕk oĊ~wv~kk elf v`d~ vwklkyewd~k. Jfl oek b~fjrf`w, x~k` xdŔwĊ zf w~e`zokw9 n~dŔv~k, xlke`wf, jeweldecf, bkŔf jv gfzj~kf~fe x~dgvzvlvk, jezfwf rkgfd, fŔe`wkde`f, jvxde`f gf jdoe`gĊ. Xf`w~v bkfje~f gfzwk`ewe~ zf elfc oewf~kelflf xvnlkjkwe~f egfjrewf. W~kokwf~klf zf bej xf neye v`d~ lkzwf jdoxklewf xf gkbf~kwf j~kwf~kk. Fe zf ~fxfwĊ jv d e`vokwĊ b~fjrf`ŪĊ Ŕk zf jdov`kjĊ of~fv `dvwĊŪklf. GejĊ e`vokŪk gfzwk`ewe~k `v gev `kjk v` ~Ċzxv`z, gvxĊ >/: w~kokwf~k zf zjdw gf xf lkzwĊ. X~k`jkxkklf/jmfkf jf w~fnvkf ~fzxfjwewf à` ezwbfl gf ~fjleof zv`w9 bv~`kye~fe gf oĊ~wv~kk Ŕk ce~e`Ūkk, ejv~ewfŪfe lkzwfld~, e k`bd~oeŪkfk, xf~zfrf~f`Ūe à` ~felkye~fe jd~fzxd`gf`Ūfk. jd~fzxd`gf`Ūfk. ;.;.>.;. ^fjleoe gf le bk~oĊ le bk~oĊ ^fjleoe gf le bk~oĊ le bk~oĊ / nvzk`fzz wd nvzk`fzz / ezkcv~Ċ jk~jvleŪke k`bd~oeŪkfk à`w~f ecf`Ūk fjd`dokjk. Fe xdewf bk9 / d~kyd`welĊ / gfzwk`ewe~kk ev xdykŪkk kf~e~mkjf zkokle~f à` zw~vjwv~k jv x~dbkl gkbf~kw1 / rf~wkjelĊ / gfzwk`ewe~kk zf eblĊ xf xdykŪkk kf~e~mkjf gkbf~kwf. GvxĊ jd`Ūk`vwvl ofzeifld~ zf jlezkbkjĊ à`9 / ~fjleoe fjd`dokjĊ1 / ~fjleoe jdof~jkelĊ1 / ~fjleoe x~dbfzkd`elĊ1 / ~fjleoe cvrf~`eof`welĊ1 / ~fjleoe `d`/x~dbkw9 xdlkwkjĊ, ~flkckdezĊ, gf nk`fbejf~f, jvlwv~elĊ. Jd`Ūk` Jd`Ūk`ff dnlkce dnlkcewd~ wd~kv kv d zj~kzd zj~kzde~f e~f k`w k`w~dg ~dgvjw vjwkrĊ krĊ,, le je~f je~f zf egevcĊ egevcĊ gkrf~z gkrf~zff oewf~ oewf~kel kelff xvnlkjkwe~f. GfŔk fzwf jdzwkzkwde~f, fzwf fbkjkf`wĊ, bkk`gjĊ zf eg~fzfeyĊ v`d~ bejwd~k gf gfjkykf Ŕk zf xdewf zdlge jv jdof`yk gf relde~f oe~f. K`bd~oeŪke w~fnvkf zĊ bkf jdoxlfwĊ Ŕk zfo`kbkjewkrĊ ke~ ere`weiflf w~fnvkf x~fyf`wewf gk` xf~zxfjwkre k`wf~fzfld~ zxfjkbkjf bk~ofk/Ūk`wĊ. ;.;.>.58. Jegdv~k jv ofzei xvnlkjkwe~ Jegdv~klf xv~wĊwde~f gf ~fjleoĊ zf elfc gk` jewfcd~kklf gf dnkfjwf gf oe~f rkyknklkwewf Ŕk gf bdldzk`ŪĊ à`gflv`cewĊ. Flf w~fnvkf zĊ bkf vwklf, zĊ bejĊ d xlĊjf~f fzwfwkjĊ jfld~ je~f lf x~kofzj, ge~ oek elfz zĊ lf eok`wfezjĊ of~fv `voflf zxd`zd~vlvk. Jflf oek dnkŔ`vkwf zv`w9 / dnkfjwf gf vy xf~zd`el9 w~kjdv~k, Ŕfxjk, j~erewf, cf`Ūk1 / dnkfjwf gf nk~dv9 xk}v~k, jelf`ge~f, ecf`gf, oexf1 / dnkfjwf gf vy cdzxdgĊ~fzj9 cdzxdgĊ~fzj9 xeme~f, jfŔwk, xv`ck gf xlezwkj1 / ivjĊ~kk Ŕk dnkfjwf gfjd~ewkrf. 32
Ere`weif9 / jdzwv dzwvll ofg ofgkv kv ~fle ~flewk wkrr okj okj11 / blf} blf}kn knkl klkw kwew ewff gf gf k`r k`rfz fzwk wkŪk Ūkf1 f1 / eg~f g~fzenk zenklk lkwe wewf wf x~f x~fjk jkzzĊ1 / f}xv`f~f ~f ~fxfwewĊ1 / ofo ofod~e d~enklk nklkwe wewf wf oe~f oe~f11 / xdzknklkwe xdzknklkwewfe wfe zwdjĊ~kk zwdjĊ~kk dnkfj dnkfjwfld~ wfld~ Ŕk gkzw~kn gkzw~knvk~kk vk~kk ld~ à` odof`wflf odof`wflf dxd~wv`f. dxd~wv`f. Gfyere`weif9 / zxeŪkv ~fgvz xf`w~v ofzei1 / dnkfjwflf `fbdldzkwde~f, kfbwk`f, `fbv`jŪkd`elf xdw egvjf gfzf~rkjkk zxd`zd~kld~.
33
Jexkwdlvl 58 FLFOF@WFLF ^FJLEOFK Flfof`wflf jdoxd`f`wf elf ~fjleofk zv`w dxŪkd`elf Ŕk flf zf elfc xf j~kwf~kk bv`jŪkd`elf.
58.5. Flfof`wf x~fcĊwkwde~f9
e xlewbd~oe / zk`wfwkyfeyĊ k`bd~oeŪkklf gfzx~f x~dgvzvl dbf~kw xf xkeŪĊ gk` je~f zf jd`bfjŪkd`feyĊ jd`bfjŪkd`feyĊ ofzeivl xvnlkjkwe~ 1 n ofwdge gf end~ge~f / v` jdoxlf} gf dxŪkv`k gf w~e`zxv`f~f e ofzeivlvk à` bv`jŪkf gf zjdxv~k. 58.5.5. Xlewbd~oe Fzwf jdŔvl gf v`gf zf elfc gewflf vwklf à` flend~e~fe ~fjleofk. jdŔvl gf k`bd~oeŪkk K`bd~oeŪkklf zf ~fbf~Ċ le9 / je~ejwf~kzwkjklf xzkmdgfodc~ebkjf elf jd`zvoewd~kld~1 / dnkfjwkrflf kofgkewf zev xf wf~of` lv`c elf ~fjleofk1 / zewkzbejŪkklf xf je~f jd`zvoewd~vl lf dnŪk`f x~k` x~dgvzvl x~dodrew1 / beye à` je~f zf eblĊ x~dgvzvl x~dodrew / le`ze~f, oewv~kwewf, gfjlk`1 / jd`jfxwvl/jmfkf el ~fjleofk1 / e~cvof`wf, gdrfyk, gfod`zw~eŪkk egvzf à` zx~kik`vl dbf~wfk1 / k`bd~oeŪkk `fjfze~f xf`w~v e jd`rk`cf jd`zvoewd~kk. 58.5.>. Ofwdge gf end~ge~f / zf egdxwĊ bv`jŪkf gf zjdx9 / e k`bd~oe1 / e gkzw~e1 / e k`blvf`Ūe1 / e j~fe k`wf~fz1 / e zwkovle d gd~k`ŪĊ xf`w~v v` e`vokw dnkfjw1 / e bd~oe d jd`rk`cf~f1 / e gfwf~ok`e d elfcf~f zev d ejmkykŪkd`e~f. Jd`zwĊ à`9 5. Wd` ‚ je~f xdewf bk9 e bejwvel / xf`w~v zwkovle~fe k`wf~fzvlvk Ŕk àoxk`cf~fe zvnkfjwvlvk le ejŪkv`f1 n fodŪkd`el / e~f xdwf`Ūkel oe~f gf xf~zvezkv`f Ŕk zf eg~fzfeyĊ zxf~e`Ūfld~, gd~k`Ūfld~ Ŕk fodŪkkld~ xvnlkjvlvk1 j vod~kzwkj / eivwĊ le jexwe~fe Ŕk of`Ūk`f~fe ewf`Ūkfk, le j~fe~fe Ŕk à`w~fŪk`f~fe gkzxdykŪkfk xdykwkrf beŪĊ gf x~dgvzvl x~dodrew. >. Zwkl9 jd`zvoewd~vlvk à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv x~dgvzvl1 e gfzj~kxwkr / gĊ k`bd~oeŪkk vwklf jd`zvoewd~vlvk n gfod`zw~ewkr / jd`rk`cf xvnlkjvl x~k` x~fyf`we~fe xdzknklfld~ vwklkyĊ~k elf x~dgvzvlvk1 j g~eoewkj / zvzŪk`f k`wf~fzvl ezvx~e x~dgvzvlvk x~k` k`wf~ofgkvl v`fk xdrfzwk~k zev zjf`fwf. À` cf`f~el zf elfc v` zk`cv~ wd` Ŕk v` zk`cv~ zwkl xf`w~v d ~fjleoĊ ge~ `v fzwf f}jlvzĊ Ŕk bdldzk~fe oek ovlwd~ wd`v~k Ŕk oek ovlwd~ zwklv~k. 3=
Zf ~fjdoe`gĊ flend~e~fe oek ovlwd~ re~ke`wf xf`w~v d ~fjleoĊ Ŕk wfzwe~fe ld~ xf`w~v e rfgfe je~f gk` flf x~dgvjf à` oek oe~f oĊzv~Ċ fbfjwvl gd~kw.
58.>. Wkwlvl
Fzwf zxfjkbkj ~fjleofld~ wkxĊ~kwf Xdewf à`gfxlk`k v`e zev oek ovlwf bv`jŪkk9 / jexwe~fe ewf`Ūkfk1 / zwkovle~fe k`wf~fzvlvk xf`w~v ofzei1 / zwkovle~fe jv~kdykwĊŪkk jkwkwd~vlvk xf`w~v e xe~jv~cf wf}wvl x~dx~kv/ykz el ~fjleofk1 / zxfjkbkje~fe jlkf`wflfk rkyewf1 / x~fyf`we~fe, à` ~fyvoew, e dbf~wfk gf rî`ye~f1 / kgf`wkbkje~fe x~dgvzvlvk zev dbf~we`wvlvk1 / frkgf`Ūkf~fe nf`fbkjkvlvk dbf~kw1 / à`gfo`e~fe ~fjfxwd~vlvk le ejŪkv`fe gf jvoxĊ~e~f. Gf ~fcvlĊ zf jd`jfx re~ke`wf gf wkwlv je~f zf wfzwfeyĊ xf v` fŔe`wkd` gf xvnlkj ~fx~fyf`wewkr gvxĊ je~f zf elfcf re~ke`we jfe oek nv`Ċ. Ew~ejwkrkwewfe wkwlvlvk xdewf bk oĊ~kwĊ x~k` eweŔe~fe gf klvzw~eŪkk, zev x~k` bd~ovle~fe v`fk Ŕwk~9 .`dv., .le`ze~f., .ezwĊyk. fwj Ewf`Ūkf9 / W~fnvkf zĊ bkf zjv~w xf`w~v e bk vŔd~ gf ofod~ew. / W~fnvkf zĊ bkf v` ~fyvoew el ~fjleofk Ŕk zĊ ejŪkd`fyf je v` .jî~lkc. xf`w~v xdwf`Ūkelvl jd`zvoewd~. Gkbf~f`Ūe gk`w~f v` wkwlv nv` Ŕk v`vl gf zvjjfz jd`zwĊ à` j~fewkrkwewf. @v f}kzwĊ, à` ejfzw zf`z, bd~ovlf oeckjf.
58.:. Zldce`vl
Xdewf bk bdldzkw xf wdewf wkxv~klf gf xv~wĊwd~k ek ofzeivlvk xvnlkjkwe~. Jd`zwĊ à`w~/v` jvrî`w, d f}x~fzkf zev d x~dxdykŪkf jf j~feyĊ koeck`fe v`vk x~dgvz zev bk~of dbf~we`wf. Zf xdewf ~fxfwe kgf`wkj zev à` re~ke`wf xf xe~jv~zvl v`fke zev oek ovlwd~ jeoxe`kk xvnlkjkwe~f. JelkwĊŪk9 / jd`jkyke1 / vŔd~ gf ofod~ew1 F}foxlv9 .À`w~/d lvof `fzkcv~Ċ EZK^DO rĊ ezkcv~Ċ. Zldce`vl z/e gfod`fwkyew à` zbf~e x~dxece`gfk xdlkwkjf ge~ e~f d xvwf~f gf xf`fw~eŪkf k`jd`wfzwenklĊ à` zbf~e xvnlkjkwĊŪkk.
58.7. Wf}wvl k`bd~oewkr
Gf ~fcvlĊ frkwĊ e~wkbkjkklf Ŕk à`bld~kwv~klf. W~fnvkf zĊ bkf9 / jd`jkz1 / zĊ bdldzfezjĊ v` lkonei jd`rf~zeŪkd`el1 jd`rf~zeŪkd`el1 / zĊ jd`Ūk`Ċ jîw oek xvŪk`f zfo`f gf xv`jwveŪkf1 / zĊ frkwf ofwebd~flf Ŕk f}jfzvl gf egifjwkrf jelkbkjewkrf. GejĊ zf koxv`f w~e`zokwf~fe v`vk rdlvo oe~f gf k`bd~oeŪkk, wf}wvl zf gkrkgf à` nldjv~k wfoewkjf, gkzwk`jwf à`w~f flf, ge~ erî`g jdf~f`ŪĊ k`wf~kde~Ċ. 3;
Nldjv~ Nldjv~klf klf wfoewk wfoewkjf jf xdw bk k`w k`w~dg ~dgvzf vzf x~k` x~k` zvnwkw zvnwkwlv~ lv~k,k, bkfje bkfje~f ~f zk`wfw zk`wfwkyî kyî`g `g jd`Ūk` jd`Ūk`vwv vwvll nldjvlvk. À`w~f nldjv~k w~fnvkf zĊ zf ezkcv~f v` blv} k`bd~oeŪkd`el ldckj. Flfof`wflf gkzwk`jwf gf k`bd~oeŪkf xdw bk xvzf à` frkgf`ŪĊ x~k` bdldzk~fe v`d~ zfo`f c~ebkjf gf k`w~dgvjf~f9 zwflvŪf, xĊw~ewf, flfof`wf gfjd~ewkrf zkoxlf. V` flfof`w bde~wf koxd~we`w xf`w~v jvoxĊ~Ċwd~k fzwf x~fŪvl je~f w~fnvkf zĊ zf gkzwk`cĊ gf ~fzwvl wf}wvlvk. Eoxl Eoxlde de~f ~fee wf}w wf}wvl vlvk vk k`bd k`bd~o ~oew ewkr krff gfxk gfxk`g `gff Ŕk gf wkox wkoxvl vl xf je~f je~f àl ev le gkzx gkzxdy dykŪ kŪkf kf ~fjfxw ~fjfxwd~k d~kkk ofzei ofzeivlv vlvk.k. Zx~f Zx~f f}foxl f}foxlv, v, ~fjleo ~fjleoflf flf zw~ege zw~egelf lf v`gf v`gf ~fjfxw ~fjfxwd~kk d~kk zv`w, zv`w, gf ~fcvlĊ ~fcvlĊ,, jd`gvjĊwd~kk evwd, wf}wvl w~fnvkf lkokwew le jvrk`wflf gf kgf`wkbkje~f Ŕk x~k`jkxelvl ere`wei. Lv`ckofe dxwkoĊ e ~fjleofk fzwf gf 6/58 jvrk`wf. @v w~fnvkf bĊjvw envy gf je~ejwf~f gf lkwf~f. GdvĊ je~ejwf~f gf lkwf~Ċ zv`w dxwkof. Zf ezkcv~Ċ d re~keŪkf x~k` jdonk`e~fe v~oĊwde~fld~ dxŪkv`k9 / gkof`zkv`klf gf lkwf~Ċ1 / bdldzk~fe oeivzjvlfld~1 / zvnlk`kf~fe1 / à`c~dŔe~fe / ndlg1 / bdldzk~fe bd`wvlvk kwelkj. W~fnvkf zĊ zf frkwf je~ejwf~flf gf lkwf~Ċ jv d~`eof`weŪkk je~f ebfjwfeyĊ lkyknklkwewfe Ŕk gfxlezfeyĊ ewf`Ūke jkwkwd~vlvk gk`zx~f k`bd~oeŪkf jĊw~f jelkwewfe fzwfwkjĊ. Wf}wflf ~fjleofld~ gfxk`g à` oe~f oĊzv~Ċ gf zvxd~wvl gf w~e`zokwf~f zev ofgkvl xv~wĊwd~9 zj~kz, evgkd/rkyvel, zw~egel fwj. ^fjleoflf evgkd Ŕk rkyvelf, zx~f f}foxlv, xdw jdoxf`ze enzf`Ūe eoĊ`v`wfld~ zvcf~î`g jelkwewfe x~dgvzfld~ x~k` oe`kbfzwĊ~k gf zewkzbejŪkf evgkwkrf zev rkyvelf. GejĊ x~dgvzvl fzwf bde~wf nk`f jv`dzjvw, wf}wvl xdewf lkxzk, ~fjleoe erî`g zjdx gf àox~dzxĊwe~f e ofod~kfk. À` ezwbfl gf zkwveŪkk ~fjleoe xdewf exĊ~fe jv oe~je x~dgvzvlvk, ldcd/ vl dbf~we`wvlvk, frf`wvel v` zldce`. Wf}wvl jvx~k`gf, gf ~fcvlĊ, v~oĊwde~flf jewfcd~kk gf gewf, / oe~je1 / kzwd~kjvl bk~ofk zev x~dgvzvlvk1 / xf~bd~oe`Ūf1 / gewflf wfm`kjf1 / ere`weiflf bdldzk~kk lvk1 / odgvl gf vwklkye~f1 / zkwveŪke lvk xf xkeŪe od`gkelĊ1 / flfof`wflf gf `dvwewf1 / ce~e`Ūkk gf jelkwewf1 / x~fŪvl gf rî`ye~f1 / bejklkwĊŪk gf jvoxĊ~e~f1 / Ūe~e gf d~kck`f fwj.
58.6. Oe~je
Oe~je ~fx~fyk`wĊ9 v` `vof, v` wf~of`, v` zfo`, v` zkondl, v` gfzf` zev d~kjf elwĊ jdonk` jdonk`eŪk eŪkff e ejfzwd ejfzwd~~ flfof flfof`wf `wf,, zf~rk` zf~rk`gg le kgf`wk kgf`wkbkj bkje~f e~fee nv`v~k nv`v~kld~ ld~ zev zf~rk zf~rkjkk jkkld~ ld~ v`vk v`vk rî`yĊwd~ zev c~vx gf rî`yĊwd~k xf`w~v e lf gkbf~f`Ūke gf jflf elf jd`jv~f`Ūkld~ jd`jv~f`Ūkld~ . e. Flfof`wf elf oĊ~jkk 9 5 @voflf gf oe~jĊ / ~fx~fyk`wĊ f}x~fzke rf~nelĊ e oĊ~jkk. > Fonlfoe / fzwf flfof`wvl gf zkondlkye~f el oĊ~jkk, je~f ezkcv~Ċ ~fjv`deŔwf~fe x~k`w~/v` zfo` c~ebkj e ejfzwfke. =8
: Oe~je gfxvzĊ zev à`~fckzw~ewĊ / oe~je jf zf nvjv~Ċ gf x~dwfjŪkf lfcelĊ bkk`g x~dx~kfwewf f}jlvzkrĊ.
n. Jlezkbkje~f9 5. GvxĊ jd`Ūk`vw9 e Oe~je gf x~dgvz / fzwf flfof`wvl gkzwk`jwkr je~f gkbf~f`ŪkeyĊ x~dgvzflf jv ejffeŔk vwklkwewf. n Oe~je gf ben~kjĊ / fzwf zfo`vl gkzwk`jwkr egdxwew gf x~dgvjĊwd~k xf`w~v e gfdzfnk x~dgvzflf ld~ gf elwf x~dgvzf zkokle~f. j Oe~je gf jdof~Ū / fzwf zfo`vl gkzwk`jwkr bdldzkw gf d à`w~fx~k`gf~f xf`w~v e frkgf`Ūke bexwvl jĊ e`vokwf x~dgvzf zv`w rî`gvwf à` v`kwĊŪklf zelf. g Oe~je gf zf~rkjkv / fzwf vwklkyewĊ xf`w~v e e~Ċwe jĊ e`vokwf zf~rkjkk f}fjvwewf à` jd`gkŪkk gf jelkwewf, x~fjkz gfwf~ok`ewf, zv`w x~fzwewf gf e`vokwf bk~of. f Oe~jĊ k`gkrkgvelĊ / fzwf à`~fckzw~ewĊ gf d zk`cv~Ċ à`w~fx~k`gf~f je~f e~f od`dxdl ezvx~e fk. b Oe~jĊ jdlfjwkrĊ / à`~fckzw~ewĊ gf d c~vxe~f gf d~ce`kyeŪkk je~f d xdw bdldzk bkfje~f à` rk~wvwfe v`d~ k`wf~fzf jdov`f. >. GvxĊ zvxd~wvl gf w~e`zokwf~f el ofzeivlvk e OĊ~jk bkcv~elf / zfo`f, gfzf`f, fonlfof, bkcv~k, bdwdc~ebkk, xd~w~fwf, od`vof`wf, ~fx~fyf`wĊ~k gf gkrf~zf dnkfjwf fwj. n Oe~je rf~nelĊ / jd`zwĊ gk`w~/d gf`vok~f egdxwewĊ gf d à`w~fx~k`gf~f xf`w~v e gfzfo`e x~dgvzflf zev ejwkrkwĊŪklf zelf. j Oe~je jdonk`ewĊ / zf jd`zwkwvkf gk`w~/v` `vof el v`fk xf~zde`f zev el v`fk à`w~fx~k`gf~k, zev ej~d`kof. F}foxlf9 NE@JD^F] / Ne`je ^doî`Ċ gf Jdof~Ū F}wf~kd~1 EZK^DO1 F]KONE@A. zv`w bd~o bd~oew ewff gk` gk` ~fv` ~fv`k~f k~fee oek oek ovlw ovlwd~ d~ zfo` zfo`ff k`gk k`gkje jewf wf gf g OĊ~jklf OĊ~jklf jdoxlf}f jdoxlf}f / zv`w gfxd`f`w jv djeyke gfxdykwvlvk. Flf zv`w k`gkrkyknklf gfde~fjf gfxd`f`wvl bdldzfŔwf zkovlwe` wdewf zfo`flf je~f zv`w jvx~k`zf à` oe~jĊ. Zfo`flf je~f k`w~Ċ à` jdoxv`f~fe v`fk oĊ~jk jdoxlf}f, lvewf à` odg zfxe~ew, xdw bk àox~vovwewf gf elwf à`w~fx~k`gf~k. F}foxlv9 FGKLJD@ZW / XFW^DJD@ZW . zv`w eljĊwv eljĊwvkwf kwf gk` zfo`e zfo`elf lf zd`d~f zd`d~f zev zev ofldgk ofldgkkk f OĊ~jk OĊ~jklf lf zd`d~f zd`d~f zev evgkwk evgkwkrf rf / zv`w ec~fenklf Ŕk vŔd~ gf ~fŪk`vw, je~f xdw bk bdldzkwf je oĊ~jk gf ben~kjĊ, gf jdof~Ū zev gf zf~rkjkk. b OĊ~jklf zxeŪkelf / zv`w dnkfjwf w~kgkof`zkd`elf jf ~fx~dgvj le zje~Ċ oĊ~kwĊ bd~oe x~dgvzvlvk zev e eoneleivlvk ejfzwvke. Bv`jŪkk elf oĊ~jkld~9 / k`gkjĊ d~kck`fe x~dgvzvlvk, bk~oe je~f àl dbf~Ċ xf xkeŪĊ, jd`zwkwvk`g v` zfo` gf x~dx~kfwewf1 / x~dwfifeyĊ je~ejwf~kzwkjklf v`kjf elf x~dgvzvlvk jd`w~e frf`wvelfld~ kokweŪkk1 / jf~wkbkjĊ evwf`wkjkwewfe Ŕk jelkwewfe x~dgvzvlvk1 / zwkovlfeyĊ jvoxĊ~e~fe x~dgvzvlvk9 ejfleŔk x~dgvz, oe~jew, fzwf x~fbf~ew jflvk bĊ~Ċ oe~jĊ1 / xf~okwf jd`w~dlvl xkfŪfk Ŕk zwkovlfeyĊ jd`jv~f`Ūe ldkelĊ9 à`lĊwv~Ċ xdzknklkwewfe gf e zf jd`bv`ge v` x~dgvz jv elwvl1 / zwkovlfeyĊ x~dgvjĊwd~kk zĊ àonv`ĊwĊŪfezjĊ x~dgvzflf dbf~kwf xf xkeŪĊ Ŕk zĊ/Ŕk ezvof ~fzxd`zenklkwewfe xf`w~v jelkwewfe ejfzwd~e1 / bejklkwfeyĊ zwvgkklf gf xkeŪĊ1
=5
58.2. Ldcd
Ldcd ~fx~fyk`wĊ bd~oe zwenklĊ à` je~f exe~f, à` ~fjleof, gf`vok~fe v`vk zxd`zd~ gf xvnlkjkwewf9 bk~oe dbf~we`wĊ gf x~dgvzf, d~ce`kyeŪkf `d`x~dbkw, oeceyk` fwj. À` ~fjleoflf wkxĊ~kwf, ldcd/vl fzwf x~fyf`wew jv ejflfeŔk je~ejwf~f wkxdc~ebkjf Ŕk xdewf bk ezdj ezdjke keww jv v` gfwe gfwelk lkvv e~wk e~wkzw zwkj kj,, ào àox~ x~fv fv`Ċ `Ċ jv je~f je~f jd`z jd`zwk wkwv wvkf kf d v`kw v`kwew ewff gf kgf` kgf`wk wkbkj bkje~ e~ff e d~ce`kyeŪkfk. À` ~fjleoflf gf ~egkd, ldcd/vl exe~f je d à`~fckzw~e~f v`kjĊ e `voflvk zxd`zd~vlvk, bdldzk`gv/zf d rdjf gfdzfnkwĊ, à`zdŪkwĊ, frf`wvel Ŕk gf d ofldgkf zev gf e`vokwf fbfjwf zd`d~f. À` ~fjleoe rkgfd zf xdewf ~fjv~cf le v` ldcd gf koeck`f, le v` ldcd zd`d~ zev v` ldcd jf jdonk`Ċ zv`fwvl jv koeck`fe. @v fzwf dnlkcewd~kf dnlkcewd~kf bdldzk~fe bdldzk~fe v`vk ldcd. V`kk zxd`zd~k v~oĊ~fzj zĊ zjdewĊ à` frkgf`ŪĊ oe~je x~dgvzvlvk Ŕk zĊ x~dwfifyf `voflf bk~ofk gf frf`wvelf fŔfjv~k. À` jeyvl bk~ofld~ ~f`vokwf, ldcd/vl eivwĊ le w~e`zbf~e~fe x~fzwkckvlvk x~dgvzvlvk ezvx~e `dkld~ x~dgvzf x~dodrewf x~k` ~fjleoĊ.
58.3. Klvzw~eŪke
Oe~flf ere`wei el ~fjleofld~ rkyvelf / wkxĊ~kwf, wflfrkyewf, f}xvzf xf xe`dv~k zw~egelf / fzwf ejfle jĊ xdw bv~`kye k`bd~oeŪkf x~k` klvzw~eŪkf bdwdc~ebkjĊ, b dwdc~ebkjĊ, gfzf`ewĊ zev xkjwewĊ. ^fjleoe klvzw~ewĊ, x~k` jdonk`eŪke gf koeck`k Ŕk jvld~k, ~fŪk`f ewf`Ūke ~fjfxwd~kld~. Oek xdewf erfe Ŕk d gkof`zkv`f fodŪkd`elĊ. F}foxlv9 d klvzw~eŪkf ~fx~fyf`wî`g v` c~vx gf wk`f~k gf gkrf~zf `eŪkd`elkwĊŪk, ~fv`kŪk x~k` kgfelv~k Ŕk f}xf~kf`Ūf jdov`f, ~fx~fyf`wî`g jffe jf z/e~ `vok .Beoklke ofe. ge~, eŔe jvo zf zvcf~feyĊ, .@voek jv bklovl AdgeA. . Fzf`Ūkel xf`w~v ~fvŔkwe v`fk ~fjleof fzwf je klvzw~eŪke zĊ bkf jd~flewĊ jv wf}wvl, Ŕk zĊ bkf ldckj xdykŪkd`ewĊ à` blv}vl k`bd~oeŪkd`el. Xf`w~v e ew~ecf x~krk~fe ~fjfxwd~vlvk, klvzw~eŪke gf ~fjleoĊ jd`Ūk`f, xf yk jf w~fjf, wdw oek ovlwf e~wkbkjkk, wfm`kjf Ŕk e~wkzwkjf. Wfm`dldc Wfm`dldcke ke zdbkzwkje zdbkzwkjewĊ wĊ xf~okwf xf~okwf fzjelege fzjelege~fe ~fe zxfjwejv zxfjwejvldykwĊ ldykwĊŪkk Ūkk à` klvzw~eŪke klvzw~eŪke ~fjleofk, ~fjleofk, wk`yî`g zĊ xf~kjlkwfyf jmke~ j~fgknklkwewfe koeck`kk. F}xf~kf`Ūe xvnlkjkwe~Ċ e gfod`zw~ew à`zĊ jĊ xvnlkjvl fzwf gk` jf à` jf oek wdlf~e`w Ŕk ejjfxwĊ jv vŔv~k`ŪĊ ejfzwf e~wkbkjkk. D jf~k`ŪĊ gfdzfnkwĊ fzwf ejffe jĊ klvzw~eŪke `v w~fnvkf zĊ dbf`zfyf xvnlkjvl x~k` rkdle~fe v`d~ jd`rf`kf`Ūf zdjkelf / jvo e~ bk od~ele zev nv`vl cvzw / zev e v`d~ g~fxwv~k Ŕk lknf~wĊŪk voe`f w~e`zxvzf frf`wvel frf`wvel Ŕk à` lfckzleŪkf / gf f}foxlv, g~fxwvl le k`wkokwewf. Xf`w Xf`w~v ~v bdwd bdwdc~ c~eb ebkf kf~f ~f zev zev bklo bkloe~ e~ff à` zjdx zjdx xvnl xvnlkj kjkwe kwe~, ~, klvz klvzw~e w~ewd wd~v ~vll e~f e~f `frd `frdkf kf gf ezf`wkof`wvl odgflfld~. Bdldzk~fe à` ~fjleoĊ e koeck`kk v`fk xf~zde`f bĊ~Ċ ejd~gvl ejfzwfke zf jd`zkgf~Ċ f}xldewe~f jdof~jkelĊ jdof~jkelĊ b~evgvldezĊ Ŕk k`w~Ċ zvn k`jkgf`Ūe lfckk à` ovlwf xĊ~Ūk elf lvokk. F}foxlv9 à` e`kk #=8, d ne`j`dwĊ wv~jfezjĊ e bdzw xvzĊ à` jk~jvleŪkf jv jmkxvl v`fk bfofk, bĊ~Ċ je ejfezwe zĊ eknĊ jv`dŔwk`ŪĊ zev zĊ/Ŕk gfe ejd~gvl. EjŪkd`î`g zwewvl wv~j à` ivzwkŪkf, zdŪvl e dnŪk`vw d zvoĊ bde~wf oe~f gf ne`k, g~fxw gev`f od~elf. Rfgfwflf e~wkzwkjf zev zxd~wkrf àŔk gev ejjfxwvl gf e exe~f à` ~fjleof jdof~jkelf `voek gvxĊ jf x~kofzj zvof bde~wf oe~k gf ne`k. Klvzw~eŪkklf gf ~fjleoĊ xdw x~fyf`we dnkfjwvl x~dodrew9 e Zk`cv~ / F}9 à` jeyvl à` je~f x~dgvzvl fzwf gf `dvwewf1 n À` jd`wf}w / jî`g x~dgvzvl fzwf x~fyf`wew à` eonke`Ūe dnkŔ`vkwĊ1 j À` bv`jŪkv`f / xf`w~v e ew~ecf ewf`Ūke jd`zvoewd~vlvk ezvx~e vwklkwĊŪkk x~dgvzvlvk. Gkzxv`f~fe klvzw~eŪkfk à` xeck`Ċ zf xdewf bejf le lknf~e elfcf~f e gfzkc`f~vlvk ge~ f}kzwĊ Ŕk v` k`rf`we~ gf bd~ovlf jlezkjf.
=>
Jflf oek bdldzkwf zv`w9 e Zklvfwe / x~fyk`wĊ dnkfjwvl klvzw~ew gfjvxew gk` jd`wf}w, flkok`î`gv/zf d~kjf flfof`w gf jeg~v. n Bf~fezw~e / jd`zwĊ à`w~/d zk`cv~Ċ klvzw~eŪkf oe~f je~f gdok`Ċ xeck`e, djvxî`g :$7 gk` zvx~ebeŪe fk. Wkwlvl Ŕk wf}wvl f}xlkjewkr zv`w xlezewf, gf dnkjfk, zvn klvzw~eŪkf. j Do`knvz / zf x~ejwkjĊ gf ~fjleof je~f x~fyk`wĊ oek ovlwf dnkfjwf lfcewf wfoewkj. Koeck`klf dnkfjwfld~ djvxĊ zvx~ebfŪf ex~d}koewkr fcelf Ŕk zv`w gkzxvzf fjmklkn~ew à` xeck`Ċ frkwî`gv/zf iv}wexv`f~klf Ŕk zvx~exv`f~klf. g Od`g~ke` / fzwf k`zxk~ew gk` zwklvl xkjwd~vlvk dle`gfy Xkfw Od`g~ke` Ŕk bdldzfŔwf d jdonk`eŪkf gf g~fxwv`cmkv~k jv klvzw~eŪkk à`w~f je~f `v f}kzwĊ wf}w Ŕk `kjk jd`wk`vkwewf à` ofzei. f Ne`ge gfzf`ewĊ / x~fyk`wĊ bklokj, x~k` iv}wexv`f~f gf jeg~f fcelf, v` ofzei v`kwe~. b Elbenfw / zf neyfeyĊ xf gfjvxe~fe v`fk bdwdc~ebkk à` bd~oĊ gf lkwf~Ċ, zev c~vxe~fe oek ovlwd~ koeck`k à` bd~oĊ gf lkwf~Ċ.
58.=. Jvlde~fe
Jd`w~ezwvl jdld~kzwkj / ~fx~fyk`wĊ v` flfof`w koxd~we`w gf ew~ejwkrkwewf el ~fjleofld~ klvzw~ewf. À`w~vj À`w~vjîw îw v`krf v`krf~zv ~zvll xvnlkj xvnlkjkwe kwe~~ jd`wfo jd`wfoxd~ xd~e` e` fzwf fzwf oe~je oe~jeww gf d xdlkj~ xdlkj~dok dokff ec~fzk ec~fzkrĊ rĊ,, vwklkye~fe od`dj~dokfk zev e v`fk jvld~k gdok`e`wf xdewf jd`bf~k d `dwĊ gkzwk`jwkrĊ. GejĊ d ezfof`fe dxŪkv`f zf of`Ūk`f xf wdw xe~jv~zvl jeoxe`kfk, jvlde~fe elfezĊ gfrk`f / x~k` fbfjwvl gf jd`gkŪkd`e~f jlezkjĊ / d jdoxd`f`wĊ e xf~zd`elkwĊŪkk x~dgvzvlvk x~dodrew. Jvld~klf zv`w egfzfe vwklkyewf je k`gvjwd~k ek v`d~ zwĊ~k. Zf rd~nfŔwf gf jvld~k jelgf / ~dŔv, d~e`cf, celnf` / zev ~fjk / rf~gf, elnezw~v, rkdlfw / je~f ebfjwfeyĊ zwe~fe gf zxk~kw e x~krkwd~kld~. E~we j~fewd~kld~ gf ~fjleoĊ jd`zwĊ à` elfcf~fe jfld~ oek egfjrewf jvld~k xf`w~v ofzeivl w~e`zokz Ŕk xvnlkjvl/Ūk`wĊ.
58.;. ZxeŪkvl lknf~
Gfde~fjf ofgkklf gf jdov`kje~f à` oezĊ zv`w zvx~eecldof~ewf gf xvnlkjkwewf, ke~ zxeŪkvl gf gkbvye~f fzwf f}w~fo gf zjvox, ~fjleoflf wk`g zĊ jd`gf`zfyf k`bd~oeŪke gfrf`k`g dndzkwde~f. Gf ejffe gfzkc`f~kk k`w~dgvj à` ~fjleoĊ zxeŪkvl lknf~, wdjoek xf`w~v e d bejf zĊ jd`w~ezwfyf jv ecldof~eŪke à`jd`iv~Ċwde~f Ŕk ezwbfl zĊ ew~ecĊ ewf`Ūke. Elnvl mî~wkfk, fj~e`vl bĊ~Ċ koeck`f zev lkxze gf zv`fw zv`w zv~x~k`yĊwde~f Ŕk j~feyĊ v` ~fzxk~d. Flf jdov`kjĊ kgffe gf x~dzxf~kwewf e bk~ofk/zxd`zd~, ~flfrewĊ x~k` ejfezwĊ ge~f gf oî`Ċ, egkjĊ àŔk xf~okwĊ zĊ zvxd~wf jdzwv~k oe~k gf xvnlkjkwewf.
58.58. Zv`fwvl
Rdjklf je~f jkwfzj ofzeivl xvnlkjkwe~ zf elfc xf`w~v e ~fx~fyf`we jîw oek bkgfl à`zvŔk~klf xvnlkjvlvk/Ūk`wĊ. Zf zwenklfŔwf, ezwbfl, d jdov`kje~f oek nv`Ċ jv xdwf`Ūkelkk jd`zvoewd~k, ewîw le `krfl ~eŪkd`el jîw Ŕk le `krfl fodŪkd`el. Xf`w~v x~dgvzflf zev zf~rkjkklf gf lv} zf elfc rdjklf k`jd`bv`genklf elf v`d~ jflfn~kwĊŪk. V` bejwd~ mdwĊ~îwd~ xf`w~v jexwe~fe ewf`Ūkfk x~k` rdjf fzwf wkon~vl, je~f w~fnvkf zĊ bkf à` ejfleŔk wkox xlĊjvw Ŕk gfdzfnkw.
=:
Zf ~fjdoe`gĊ9 / v` wd` x~kfwf`dz, xdlkwkjdz, jelg, f`wvykezo `ewv~el, bĊ~Ċ f}ecf~Ċ~k1 / Ŕdexwe zev rdjfe gf le gkzwe`ŪĊ je~f zvcf~feyĊ zxeŪkvl Ŕk frkwĊ od`dwd`ke gkzjv~zvlvk le okj~dbd`1 / gkeldcvl xf`w~v à`rkd~e~fe ewodzbf~fk1 / bv`gelvl zd`d~ jv ovykjĊ zev ycdodwf egfjrewf. E`vokwf flfof`wf elf bv`gelvlvk xdw bk ~fxfwewf le ~fjleof à` jeg~vl ejflffeŔk jeoxe`kk xvnlkjkwe~f. Ovykje w~fnvkf zĊ bkf zkoxlĊ ec~fenklĊ Ŕk dnzfge`wĊ, ke~ ycdodwflf zv~x~k`yĊwde~f Ŕk zvcfzwkrf.
58.55. OkŔje~fe
À` `ewv~Ċ okŔje~fe ew~ecf à` odg zxd`we` ewf`Ūke. Ejfzw bexw fzwf f}xldewew à` ~fjleoflf rkgfd Ŕk, oek `dv, à` jflf zw~egelf Ŕk gf xf zwegkde`f. Ejfzwf Ejfzwfee gfjle` gfjle`Ŕf ŔfeyĊ eyĊ le `krflv `krflvll xvnlkj xvnlkjvlv vlvkk jd`zvo jd`zvoewd ewd~~ v` le`Ū le`Ū gf jdoxd jdoxd~we ~weof` of`wf wf okofwkjf je~f zf bk`elkyfeyĊ jv gfjkyke Ŕk ejwvl gf jvoxĊ~e~f. X~k`jkxkk jĊlĊvykwde~f xf`w~v gfzkc`f~kk gfnvwe`Ūk -gvxĊ E.J. Ndda Ŕk J.G. Zjmkja+9 5 Blv}vl ldckj gf k`bd~oeŪkk > Jdf~f`Ūe gkrf~zfld~ jewfcd~kk gf k`bd~oeŪkf : Elfcf~fe v`vk flfof`w gdok`e`w je~f zĊ jd`jf`w~fyf ewf`Ūke xvnlkjvlvk 7 X~dxd~Ūkd`e~fe flfof`wfld~ ~fjleofk ~fjleofk à` bv`jŪkf gf koxd~we`Ūe ld~ ~flewkrĊ 6 Fjmklkn~v à` gkzw~knvk~fe zxeŪkelĊ e flfof`wfld~ 2 ^felkye~fe v`kwĊŪkk x~k` jmf`e~f, zvx~exv`f~k, jvld~k gf bd`g zev jvlde~f gdok`e`wĊ, ~fxfwkŪkf
=7
Jexkwdlvl 55 FLFOF@WF GF XZKMDLDCKF E ^FJLEOFK 55.5. Jdoxd~weof`wvl jd`zvoewd~vlvk. Odgflvl cf`f~el
Zx~f gfdz Zx~f gfdzfn fnk~f k~f gf xf~z xf~zd` d`el elvl vl gk` gk` oe~a oe~afw fwk` k`cc je~f je~f/Ŕk /Ŕk bdje bdjelk lkyf yfey eyĊĊ ejwk ejwkrk rkwe wewf wfee xf jdd~gd`ewflf fjd`dokjf elf xkfŪfk, j~fewd~kk gf ~fjleoĊ zf jd`jf`w~feyĊ ezvx~e xzkmdldckfk jd`zvo jd`zvoewd ewd~kl ~kld~, d~, à`jf~j à`jf~jî`g î`g zĊ gfzjkb gfzjkb~fy ~fyff bf`dof bf`dof`fl `flff xzkmkj xzkmkjff gfwf~o gfwf~ok`e k`ewf wf gf ~fjfxw ~fjfxwe~f e~fee ofzeifld~ xvnlkjkwe~f. Ezwbfl fk xdw e`wkjkxe ~Ċzxv`zvl jdoxd~weof`wel el xvnlkjvlvk le ~fjleoe xf je~f d jd`jfx. Jd`bd~o v`vk odgfl cf`f~el el jdoxd~weof`wvlvk jd`zvoewd~vlvk jd`jfxvw gf N. Oüllf` Ŕk J. Idm`zd` -5;;8+, k`wf`Ūke gf jvoxĊ~e~f fzwf ~fyvlwewvl v`vk e`zeonlv gf x~djfzf of`welf gk` je~f bej xe~wf9 xf~jfxŪke, jv`deŔwf~fe, ofod~e~fe, à`rĊŪe~fe, fodŪke, odwkreŪke.
ZKWVEŮKE ZWKOVL
JD@ZVOEWD^VL X~djfzflf k`wf~`f Xf~jfxŪke Jv`deŔwf~fe Ofod~e~fe K@WF@ŮKE GF À`rĊŪe~fe J V O X Ď ^^F E FodŪke OdwkreŪke
JDOXD^WE/ OF@WVL GF JVOXĎ^E^F
JD@WF]WVL ZDJKEL JD@WF]WVL JVLWV^EL
Bkc. 2 ‚ Odgflvl cf`f~el el jdoxd~weof`wvlvk jd`zvoewd~kld~ -gvxĊ N. Oüllf` Ŕk J. Idm`zd`+
55.>. Elwf odgflf
Jdoxd~weof`wvl gf jvoxĊ~e~f w~fnvkf x~krkw je d bd~oĊ e jdoxd~weof`wvlvk voe` cf`f~el, xf`w~v k`rfzwkce~fe jĊ~vke deof`kk gf Ŕwkk`ŪĊ ev j~few gkbf~kwf odgflf, ezwbfl9 Lfsk` -5;67+ / ex~fjkeyĊ jĊ ~Ċzxv`zvl jdoxd~weof`wel -^+ fzwf bv`jŪkf gf x~djfzflf of`welf elf xf~zde`fk -X+ Ŕk ofgkvl zĊv bkykj Ŕk zdjkel -O+9 - O+9
^ ? b -X,O+
=6
B~ekzzf B~ekzzf -5;23+ / ex~fjkey ex~fjkeyĊĊ jĊ gde~ d e`vokwĊ e`vokwĊ yd`Ċ gfjvxewĊ gfjvxewĊ gk` ofgkv ofgkv / zkwveŪke zkwveŪke ~felĊ -Z+ à` je~f ejŪkd`feyĊ xf~zde`e -X+ àk gfwf~ok`Ċ jdoxd~weof`wvl9
^ ? b -Z,X+ Xe~zd` -5;2=+ zkwvfeyĊ jdoxd~weof`wvl voe` zkovlwe` à` xew~v jd`wf}wf9 5. Jd`wf}wvl nkdldckj Zkwvewf le `krflvl k`gkrkgvlvk >. Jd`wf}wvl xzkmdldckj :. Jd`wf}wvl zdjkel
Zkwvewf le `krflvl jdlfjwkrkwĊŪkk
7. Jd`wf}wvl jvlwv~el Jd`bd~o v`vk odgfl cf`f~el el jdoxd~weof`wvlvk jd`zvoewd~vlvk jd`jfxvw gf N. Ovllf` Ŕk J. Idm`zd` -5;;8+, k`wf`Ūke gf jvoxĊ~e~f fzwf ~fyvlwewvl v`vk e`zeonlv gf x~djfzf of`welf gk` je~f bej xe~wf9 / xf~jfxŪke, / jv`deŔwf~fe, / ofod~e~fe, / à`rĊŪe~fe, / fodŪke, / odwkreŪke. ^dlvl ~fjleofk, à` fzf`ŪĊ, fzwf ejfle gf e/k eivwe xf jd`zvoewd~k zĊ zf d~kf`wfyf oek vŔd~ Ŕk oek ~fxfgf à` ovlwkwvgk`fe dbf~wfld~ gf x~dgvzf Ŕk zf~rkjkk le`zewf xf xkeŪĊ. K`wf~fzvl zxd`zd~vlvk gf ~fjleoĊ fzwf je ewkwvgk`fe xvnlkjvlvk/Ūk`wĊ zĊ gfrk`Ċ berd~enklĊ x~dgvzfld~ zelf. X~dnlfoe gfzkc`f~vlvk je~f x~dgvjf ~fjleoe fzwf zĊ xdewĊ jd`w~dle jv jîw oek oe~f x~fjkykf fbfjwvl ofzeivlvk xvnlkjkwe~ xf je~f àl fokwf. ^fjleoe w~fnvkf gfjk zĊ gfjle`Ŕfyf à` ok`wfe xdwf`Ūkelkld~ jvoxĊ~Ċwd~k f}ejw ~fejŪke jdoxd~weof`welĊ gd~kwĊ gf zxd`zd~ Ŕk v~oĊ~kwĊ gf gfzkc`f~.
55.:. Flfof`wf jdoxd~weof`wvl jd`zvoewd~vlvk.
55.:.5. Xf~jfxŪke ^fx~fyk`wĊ x~djfze~fe of`welĊ e k`bd~oeŪkfk x~kokwf gf k`gkrkg x~k` d~ce`flf zelf gf zkoŪ. Xzkmdldckk ev kgf`wkbkjew w~fk bd~of bv`geof`welf elf xf~jfxŪkfk9 5. Xf~jfxŪke zxeŪkvlvk / à`zvŔk~klf zxeŪkelf elf dnkfjwfld~ / ~fleŪkklf zxeŪkelf >. Xf~jfxŪke wkoxvlvk / gv~ewe dnkfjwvlvk / zvjjfzkv`fe bf`dof`fld~ :. Xf~jfxŪke okŔjĊ~kk / rkwfye je ~fleŪkf zxeŪkd/wfoxd~elĊ Xf~jfxŪke fzwf koxlkjewĊ à` xew~v wkxv~k oeid~f gf dxf~eŪkk gf x~djfze~f e k`bd~oeŪkfk9 / gfwfjŪke / zf jd`zwewĊ x~fyf`Ūe zwkovlvlvk / gkzj~kok`e~fe / gkzwk`cf v` dnkfjw gf elwvl =2
/ kgf`wkbkje~fe / zwdje~fe à` ofod~kf / ~fjv`deŔwf~fe / jd`zwewe~fe kgf`wkwĊŪkk wdwelf zev xe~Ūkelf gk`w~f koeck`fe `dvĊ Ŕk jfe rfjmf e dnkfjwvlvk zwdjew. Ewf`Ūke idejĊ v` ~dl fzf`Ūkel à` xf~jfxŪkf X~k`jkxelflf je~ejwf~kzwkjk elf ewf`Ūkfk gf je~f w~fnvkf zĊ zf Ūk`Ċ jd`w9 5. rdlvovl / ~fjleoe zĊ `v zvx~ezdlkjkwf ewf`Ūke jv v` rdlvo x~fe oe~f gf zwkovlk >. odnklkwewfe / ~fjleoe zĊ bkf zjv~wĊ xf`w~v e `v gfxĊŔk gv~ewe gf zwenklkwewf :. c~egvl gf jd`jf`w~e~f / zĊ bdldzfezjĊ zwkovlkk jv xd`gf~eŪkf 7. gkzw~knvwkrkwewfe / zĊ ~Ċzxv`gĊ v`d~ k`wf~fzf oeid~f Ewf`Ūke xdewf bk ~fŪk`vwĊ Ŕk x~k`9 Flfof`wflf gf jd`w~ezw elf ewf`Ūkfk je~f zf ~fbf~Ċ le9 / Gkof`zkv`klf / ~fcle~fe à` ~exd~w gf dnkfjwflf gk` iv~ / elfcf~fe v`d~ x~dxd~Ūkk ere`weidezf à` ~exd~w jv elwf ofzeif zev jv xĊ~Ūklf jdoxd`f`wf x~dx~kk ~fŪk`f~fe ~fe ewf`Ūk ewf`Ūkfk fk x~k`w~ x~k`w~/v` /v` Ŕdj Ŕdj rkyve rkyvel.l. Bdl Bdldzk dzk~fe ~fe v`d~ v`d~ e~wkbk e~wkbkjkk jkk.. / XdykŪke / ~fŪk`f F}jfzvl gf e~wkbkjkk xv`f à` xf~kjdl à`Ūflfcf~fe ofzeivlvk. @d~oflf gf xdykŪkd`e~f `v zv`w v`krf~zelf. / Jvlde~fe / eln / `fc~vl fzwf oek kfbwk` ge~ x~dgvjf od`dwd`kf. Xdlkj~doke gdok`Ċ v`krf~zvl xvnlkjkwe~. / OkŔje~fe / x~krk~fe fzwf ew~ezĊ gf dnkfjwflf à` okŔje~f. Wflfrkykv`fe fzwf bde~wf fbkjkf`wĊ à` ejfzw jey. / Eonkcvkwewfe / bdldzkwĊ gf `d`jd`bd~okŔwk / zwkovlfeyĊ koeck`eŪke Ŕk, gf ekjk, k`wf~fzvl. / K`wf`zkwewfe / zv`fw / lvok`dykwewf / fodŪkd`elkwewfe. 55.:.>. Jv`deŔwf~fe ^fjleoe gfjle`ŔfeyĊ à` ok`wfe jvoxĊ~Ċwd~vlvk9 / dxk`kk1 / jd`rk`cf~k1 / ewkwvgk`k. Fzwf k`blvf`ŪewĊ gf9 / k`wflkcknklkwewfe1 / jd`Ūk`vwvl k`bd~oeŪkd`el1 / j~fgknklkwewfe zv~zfk1 / ~fxfwkŪke ofzeivlvk1 / ew~knvk~fe k`wf~`Ċ zev f}wf~`Ċ e jevyfk / f}xlkjeŪkf zewkzbĊjĊwde~f 55.:.:. Ofod~e~fe ^fjleoe `v e~f fbfjw gejĊ `v zv`w ~fŪk`vwf oĊje~ d xe~wf gk` ofzeiflf xvnlkjkwe~f. Ofod~e~fe xdewf bk9 / ofje`kjĊ1 / ldckjĊ1 / rdlv`we~Ċ1 / k`rdlv`we~Ċ1 Zwdje~fe dxwkoĊ / le ofod~e~fe rdlv`we~Ċ. ^dl xdykwkr à` ofod~e~f / ~fxfwe~fe / re~keŪkklf xf ejffeŔk wfoĊ / fbfjwvl gf xdykŪkf -le à`jfxvwvl, ge~ oek elfz le zbî~Ŕkwvl ofzeivlvk+.
=3
55.:.7. À`rĊŪe~fe E Ŕwk jvo à`reŪĊ jvoxĊ~Ċwd~vl à`zfeo`Ċ e Ŕwk jf zwkovl w~fnvkf ezdjkew x~dgvzvlvk. Jd`jfxf~fe oewf~kelfld~ xvnlkjkwewf zf neyfeyĊ oek b~fjrf`w xf v~oĊwde~fld~ wkxv~k gf à`rĊŪe~f9 / x~k` jd`gkŪkd`e~f jlezkjĊ gf wkx xerldrke` / x~fyf`we~fe v`vk x~dgvz x~k` ezdjkf~fe jv v` zwkovl je~f x~dgvjf xlĊjf~f / fodŪkf xdykwkrĊ. / x~k` jd`gkŪkd`e~f k`zw~vof`welĊ / x~fokf~fe jvoxĊ~Ċwd~vlvk zev j~fe~fe v`vk ere`wei. / x~k` dnzf~reŪkf / e~f le neyĊ wf`gk`Ūe zx~f v` jdoxd~weof`w okofwkj. JvoxĊ~Ċwd~vl zf rfgf à` xdykŪke jflvk gk` ~fjleoĊ. F}. d bfofkf àŔk jvoxĊ~Ċ d nlvyĊ gfjdlwewĊ zev d bvzwĊ zjv~wĊ xf`w~v e zf`zknklkye rkyvel nĊ~neŪkk eŔe jvo e rĊyvw jĊ zf xfw~fjf à`w~/d ~fjleoĊ le wflfrkyd~. / x~k` ~fydlre~fe gf x~dnlfof. Le exe~kŪke v`vk x~dgvz `dv xf xkeŪĊ, ~fjleoe w~fnvkf zĊ jd`Ūk`Ċ v` rdlvo oek oe~f gf k`bd~oeŪkf xf`w~v je ejfzwfe zĊ bkf b kf à`rĊŪewf gf jvoxĊ~Ċwd~. 55.:.6. FodŪke ~fx~fyk`wĊ d zwe~f cf`f~ewĊ wĊ gf zewkzb zewkzbej ejf~f f~fee zev FodŪke ~fx~fyk`wĊ zwe~f jd`Ŕwkf jd`Ŕwkf`wĊ `wĊ gf f}jkweŪ f}jkweŪkf kf, cf`f~e `fzewkzbejf~fe v`d~ w~fnvk`Ūf voe`f. FodŪkklf zv`w9 / zwf`kjf zev xdykwkrf1 / ezwf`kjf zev `fcewkrf. ^fjleoe w~fnvkf xlezewĊ à` yd`e fodŪkkld~ zwf`kjf. Vod~vl e~f ~dl xdykwkr à` ~fjleoĊ. W~fnvkf bdldzkw jv ewf`Ūkf. Zf re erfe à` rfgf~f9 / d clvoĊ `f~fvŔkwĊ xdewf x~fivgkjke k`wf~fzvl. / d clvoĊ ~fvŔkwĊ ge~ ~fxfwewĊ gf ovlwf d~k `v oek x~dgvjf xlĊjf~f jk f`f~rfeyĊ. / d ~fjl ~fjleo eoĊĊ jv ezxf ezxfjw jw meyl meylkv kv `v w~fn w~fnvk vkff zĊ xv`Ċ xv`Ċ jvox jvoxĊ~ Ċ~Ċw Ċwd~ d~vl vl à` xdzw xdzwv~ v~ĊĊ `fberd~enklĊ. 55.:.2. OdwkreŪke EjŪkd`feyĊ ezvx~e w~fnvk`Ūfld~ voe`f. Kf~e~mke w~fnvk`Ūfld~ -gvxĊ E. Oezlds+ 5. W~fnvk`Ūf bkykdldckjf9 / m~e`Ċ, / zdo`, / zf}. >. W~fnvk`Ūf gf zfjv~kwewf9 / zv~zf gf rf`kw, / ezkcv~e~f ofgkjelĊ. :. W~fnvk`Ūf gf ebklkf~f, gf ebfjŪkv`f9 / g~ecdzwf, / gf kgf`wkbkje~f jv elŪkk. 7. W~fnvk`Ūf gf zwewvw zdjkel9 / gf x~fzwkckv, / gf evwd~fzxfjw. 6. W~fnvk`Ūf gf evwd~felkye~f9 / jv`deŔwf~f, / xvwf~f, / j~feŪkf, / fzwfwkjf. ==
Oezlds e xvz à` frkgf`ŪĊ gdvĊ wkxv~k bv`geof`welf elf odwkreŪkfk 9 OdwkreŪke MdofdzwewkjĊ / jd~fzxv`yĊwde~f w~fnvk`Ūfld~ x~koe~f9 ejwkrkwĊŪklf gf egexwe~f, gf fjmklkn~e~f e d~ce`kzovlvk voe`. OdwkreŪke gf gfyrdlwe~f, evwd~felkye~f Ŕk evwdgfxĊŔk~f / jd~fzxv`yĊwde~f w~fnvk`Ūfld~ gdnî`gkwf Oezlds jd`zkgf~Ċ jĊ odwkreŪkklf zv`w gkzxvzf kf~e~mkj, jĊ w~fnvk`Ūflf x~koe~f zv`w x~kd~kwe~f beŪĊ gf jflf gdnî`gkwf. @fzew @fzewkzb kzbejf ejf~fe ~fe `frdkl `frdkld~ d~ x~koe~ x~koe~ff àoxkfg àoxkfgkjĊ kjĊ oe`kb oe`kbfzw fzwe~f e~fee `frdkl `frdkld~ d~ zfjv` zfjv`ge~ ge~f, f, oek flfrewf. ^fjleoflf w~fnvkf zĊ Ūk`Ċ jd`w gf `krflvl cf`f~el gf w~fnvk`Ūf. Xf oĊzv~Ċ oĊzv~Ċ jf d zdjkf zdjkfwew wewff gfrk` gfrk`ff oek ndcew ndcewĊ, Ċ, ke~ `frdkl `frdklff x~koe x~koe~f ~f elf xvnlkj xvnlkjvlv vlvkk jd`zvoewd~ xdw bk zewkzbĊjvwf à` oek oe~f oĊzv~Ċ, ejjf`wvl à` ~fjleoĊ zf gfxlezfeyĊ zx~f jelkwĊŪklf koewf~kelf elf x~dgvzfld~ / flfce`ŪĊ, d~kck`elkwewf fwj / je~f zĊ zewkzbejĊ w~fnvk`Ūf zfjv`ge~f. F}foxlv / evwdodnklvl Jf~jfwĊwd~kk ev dnzf~rew jĊ ejflf jewfcd~kk odwkreŪkd`elf jvo zv`w `frdke gf flfce`ŪĊ Ŕk f}w~erece`ŪĊ, cf`f~feyĊ gfjkykk gf jvoxĊ~e~f eg/mdj, neyewf egfzfe xf k`wvkŪkf Ŕk ezdjkf~k. ^fjleoe ^fjleoe reld~kbkjĊ reld~kbkjĊ ejfezwĊ ejfezwĊ dnzf~reŪk dnzf~reŪkff Ŕk bdldzfŔwf bdldzfŔwf k`wf`zkr k`wf`zkr xf~zd`el xf~zd`elkwĊŪk kwĊŪk od`gf`f od`gf`f xf`w~v xf`w~v ej~fgkwe~fe x~dgvzfld~ gf lv}, gf e~wĊ, gf zewkzbejf~f e jex~kjkkld~. Rfgfwflf Rfgfwflf e~wkzwkjf e~wkzwkjf Ŕk od`gf`f od`gf`f ew~ec Ŕk of`Ūk`, of`Ūk`, oek elfz, elfz, ewf`Ūke ewf`Ūke wk`f~kld~. D e`jmfwĊ e`jmfwĊ e ~flfrew v` jlezeof`w el jflfn~kwĊŪkld~ je~f bej ~fjleoflf ew~ejwkrf9 5. Ejwd~k, jî`wĊ~fŪk, jezjegd~k1 >. Xf~zd`elkwĊŪk xdlkwkjf Ŕk jvlwv~elf à` rdcĊ, lev~fewf e jd`jv~zv~kld~ okzz1 :. Zxd~wkrk gf oe~f xf~bd~oe`ŪĊ1 7. E`d`kok jv bkykj ew~ĊcĊwd~ Ŕk f}x~fzkr1 6. J~ek`kjk gf wflfrkykv`f1 2. Xew~d`kk d~ce`kyeŪkkld~ k`wf~fzewf. À`w~f xf~zd`elkwĊŪklf jkwewf gf xvnlkj je erî`g jexejkwewfe gf e bejf d ~fjleoĊ oek xf~zvezkrĊ, jflf oek ovlwf zv`w bfofk, ge~ à` lfcĊwv~Ċ jv ~dlvl bfofkk je xv~wĊwd~ gf ofzei xvnlkjkwe~, zxfjkelkŔwkk ev xĊ~f~k jd`w~drf~zewf. V`kk evwd~k ex~fjkeyĊ jĊ à` ~felkwewfe e`w~dxdldckjĊ e zdjkfwĊŪkk gf jd`zvo, bfofke f~e Ūk`we oeid~kwĊŪkk ofzeifld~ xvnlkjkwe~f. À` e`kk #38 koeck`fe bfofkk/dnkfjw gfie zf vyezf ke~ j~fewd~kk gf odgĊ ev à`ldjvkw/d jv wkxvl bfofkk lknf~f, ejwkrf, k`gfxf`gf`wf, fbkjkf`wf, ge~ xf`w~v e zewkzbejf xkeŪe oezjvlk`Ċ, jd`wk`vĊ zĊ zf x~ejwkjf zkovlwe` à` ~fjleoĊ Ŕk wkxdldcke bfok`k`Ċ w~egkŪkd`elĊ, neyewĊ xf ew~ejwkrkwewf bkykjĊ.
55.7. ^fleŪke gk`w~f k`wf`Ūke Ŕk jdoxd~weof`wvl gf jvoxĊ~e~f
Jd`bd~o Wfd~kfk ejŪkv`kk ~eŪkd`elf e lvk Bkzmnfk`, jdoxd~weof`wvl gf jvoxĊ~e~f gfjv~cf gk` k`wf`Ūkf je~f fzwf ~fyvlwe`we ejŪkv`kk k`gfxf`gf`wf e gdk bejwd~k9 je~f fzwf fzwf zvoe zvoe jd`r jd`rk` k`cf cf~k ~kld ld~~ zelf zelf gfzx gfzx~f ~f ew~kn ew~knvw vwfl flff e. frelve~f frelve~fee x~dgvzvl x~dgvzvlvk vk / je~f x~dgvzvlvk1 n. `d~oflf zvnkfjwkrf elf jvoxĊ~Ċwd~vlvk. Zwvgkk Zwv gkklf lf ezvx~ ezvx~ee jdoxd~ jdoxd~weo weof`w f`wvlv vlvkk jd`zvo jd`zvoewd ewd~kl ~kld~, d~, neyew neyew xf gkbf~k gkbf~kwf wf re~ken re~kenklf klf z/ev z/ev bk`elkyew x~k` gfbk`k~fe oek ovlwd~ odgflf wfd~fwkjf, c~vxewf à` w~fk wkxv~k gf neyĊ9 e. Odgflvl `fgkbf~f`Ūkew zev Odgflvl JKGE je~f dxf~feyĊ jv re~kenklf gf wkxvl9 / Jd`Ŕwkf`wkye~f1 / K`wf~fz1 / Gd~k`ŪĊ1 / EjŪkv`f. =;
wkxvl9
n. Odgflvl v`klk`fe~ zev Odgflvl Odgflvl kf~e~mkfk kf~e~mkfk fbfjwfld~ fbfjwfld~ je~f dxf~feyĊ jv re~kenklf gf
/ Jd`Ŕwkf`wkye~f1 / Jv`deŔwf~f1 / Ew~ejŪkf1 / X~fbf~k`ŪĊ1 / Jd`rk`cf~f1 / JvoxĊ~e~f. -5;2;+ je~f dxf~feyĊ dxf~feyĊ jv j. Odgflvl jknf~`fwkj, flend~ew xf`w~v x~koe de~Ċ gf Mdse~g -5;2;+ oek ovlwf re~kenklf, fl gfrf`k`g ezwbfl bde~wf jdoxlf} ge~ ovlw oek ex~dxkew gf ~felkwewf. K`gkbf~f`w gf re~kenklflf je~f/l gfwf~ok`Ċ, jdoxd~weof`wvl jvoxĊ~Ċwd~vlvk zf oĊzde~Ċ, à` vlwkoĊ k`zwe`ŪĊ, à` jkb~e gf rî`ye~f. D x~dn x~dnlf lfoĊ oĊ gfdz gfdzfn fnkw kw gf ko koxd xd~w ~we` e`wĊ wĊ à` jeg~ jeg~vl vl ejfz ejfzwv wvkk x~dj x~djfz fz àl ~fx~ ~fx~fy fyk` k`wĊ wĊ jdoxd~weof`wvl gvxĊ jvoxĊ~e~f. FrelvĊ~klf xdzwjvoxĊ~e~f zv`w egfzfe k`blvf`Ūewf Ŕk gf bejwd~k zvnkfjwkrk ke~ zwvgkklf zv`w à`jĊ xvŪk`f à` ejfzw zf`z. ^fjleoe à`jfe~jĊ zĊ k`jlvgĊ jîw oek ovlŪk zwkovlk jf j~feyĊ zf`wkof`wf xdykwkrf xf`w~v je x~dgvzflf zĊ bkf ec~fewf xf xkeŪĊ. Jf~j Jf~jfw fwĊw Ċwd~ d~kk kk zv`w zv`w gf ejd~ ejd~gg jv bexw bexwvl vl jĊ dxf~ dxf~eŪ eŪkv kv`f `fee gf jve` jve`wk wkbkj bkje~ e~ff e fbfj fbfjwv wvlv lvkk jdoxd~weof`wvlvk gf jvoxĊ~e~f Ŕk e k`wf`Ūkkld~ vlwf~kde~f e jvoxĊ~Ċwd~vlvk re erfe v` koxejw oeid~ ezvx~e zwkovlĊ~kk odwkreŪkfk gf jvoxĊ~e~f.
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=. NKNLKDC^EBKF ZFLFJWKRĎ E. DNLKCEWD^KF 5. Jdoe`, J~kzwk`e, ^fleŪkklf Xvnlkjf Ŕk Oezz/Ofgke , Fgkwv~e Xdlk~do, KeŔk, >888. >. Geoezjmk` Kde`, ^fleŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk Xvnlkjkwewf , Fgkwv~e Bv`geŪkfk E`g~fk Őecv`e, >882 :. Klkf, Cen~kfl, Cen~kfle CvŪv, Klkf Xe`wflkod`, Xvnlkjkwewf Ŕk ^fjleoĊ Jdof~jkelĊ , Fgkwv~e Gkgejwkjê Ŕk Xfgecdckjê, Nvjv~fŔwk, 5;;2.
N. DXŮKD@ELĎ 7. Nd`e`cf, Jlevgf, Jme`wel Wmdoez, Gd` Ive` zev Xerldr4 Fzfv gfzx~f jdov`kje~fe xvnlkjkwe~Ċ , Fgkwv~e W~fk, Nvjv~fŔwk, 5;;;. 6. Jdoe`, J~kzwk`e, ^fleŪkklf xvnlkjf, x~k`jkxkk Ŕk zw~ewfckk , Fgkwv~e Xdlk~do, KeŔk, >885. 2. Gecf`ekz, Nf~`e~g, Jeoxe`ke gf ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf , Fgkwv~e Xdlk~do, KeŔk, >88: 3. Gerkg Cfd~cf, Wfm`kjk gf ^fleŪkk Xvnlkjf , Fgkwv~e Xdlk~do, KeŔk, >88= =. Xdxfzjv, Bld~k`, J~kzwke`, GkjŪkd`e~ gf Iv~`elkzo, ~fleŪkk xvnlkjf Ŕk xvnlkjkwewf , Fgkwv~e W~kwd`kj, Nvjv~fŔwk, >88> ;. ^vzzfl Wmdoez, Le`f ^d`elg, Oe`vel gf xvnlkjkwewf, Fgkwv~e Wfd~e, Nvjv~fŔwk, >88:. 58. Zwe`jv, Relf`wk`, ^fleŪkk Xvnlkjf zvjjfz Ŕk j~fgknklkwewf, Nvjv~fŔwk, 5;;=. 55. Wdgd~e`, Gkokw~kf, Xzkmdldcke ^fjleofk, Fgkwv~e W~kwd`kj, Nvjv~f1wk >887
WKWVLE^ GKZJKXLK@Ď, Lfjwd~ v`kr. g~. KDE@ GEOEZJMK@
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