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WPFCNKHM Wpmwvf{rn Fa m`jfrhsm bf fan`mpnp an wpf{flrf wpmwvf{rn f{ fa bf nrpnfp hlsfp{hmlh{rn{ kml vln rn{n bf pflbhihflrm {vwfphmp na bfa ifpknbm chlnlkhfpm x bf f{rn cmpin neflkhnp{f bf cmlbm{ wnpn f{rhivanp an wpmbvkkhûl x wmp rnlrm an{ sflrn{! an fiwpf{n Nepm)Mkdmn kvflrn kml vl rfppflm ~vf pf{varn {fp hl{vchkhflrf wnpn nahiflrnp nahiflrnp na enlnbm $57 kn`fzn{ kn`fzn{ fl cn{f bf flempbf chlna / 47 fl cn{f cn{f ifbhn(! vl wmpkflrnjf bf am{ cmlbm{ knwrnbm{ {f bf{rhlnpnl n nb~vhphp am{ ifbhm{ ~vf wfpihrnl vln ifjmp nahiflrnkhûl bfa enlnbm wmp ifbhm bf: >( an an pmrnkhûl bf wmrpfpm{ $pmrnkhûl f{wfpnbn: f{wfpnbn: vl rfppflm wpmwhm x rpf{ rfppflm{ n nppflbnp(!
0( vln nbfkvnbn {vwafiflrnkhûl bf an rhfppn
wnpn ifjmpnp fa wpmkf{m bf flempbf bfa enlnbm! rni`hèl {f whfl{n bf{rhlnp vl wmpkflrnjf bf am{ cmlbm{ knwrnbm{ n an kmiwpn bf $47( lmshaam{ wnpn flempbf$cn{f hlhkhna(
Na Hlsfp{hmlh{rn Am hlshrnim{ n wnprhkhwnp bfa Chbfhkmih{m Nepmwfkvnphm Mkdmn! wmp~vf f{rnim{ {fevpm{ ~vf {v hlsfp{hûl pfkh`hpî vln pflrn`hahbnb {vwfphmp n an bf am{ ifpknbm{ chlnlkhfpm{ x rflbpî an {nrh{cnkkhûl bf wnprhkhwnp fl vl lfemkhm ‑pfna’! an wpmbvkkhûl nepmwfkvnphn
enlnbfpn! vlm bf am{ lfemkhm{ iî{
rpnbhkhmlnaf{ f hiwmprnlrf{ bf lvf{rpm wné{,
2
HLRPMBVKKHÛL Bén n bén x fl kvna~vhfp {hrhm bmlbf lm{ flkmlrpfim{! {hfiwpf dnx n an inlm vln {fphf bf wpmbvkrm{ m {fpshkhm{ wpmwmpkhmlnbm{ wmp fa dmi`pf ih{im, Bf{bf an pmwn ~vf sf{rhim{! am{ nahiflrm{ wpmkf{nbm{ ~vf kml{vihim{! dn{rn an{ imbfpln{ kmiwvrnbmpn{ ~vf nwmxnl fl epnl ifbhbn fa rpn`njm bfa {fp dvinlm, Rmbm{ x knbn vlm bf f{rm{ `hflf{ x {fpshkhm{! nlrf{ bf sflbfp{f kmifpkhnaiflrf cvfpml fsnavnbm{ bf{bf snphm{ wvlrm{ bf sh{rn{ {hfiwpf kml fa m`jfrhsm chlna bf {nrh{cnkfp vln lfkf{hbnb dvinln $bfrfkkhûl bf mwmprvlhbnbf{(, Bf{wvè{ bf faam! "naevhfl" rmiû an bfkh{hûl wnpn wpmbvkhpam fl in{n wnpn am kvna rvsm ~vf pfnahznp vln hlsfp{hûl fkmlûihkn $f{wéphrv fiwpflbfbmp(, Fl an nkrvnahbnb! am{ wpmxfkrm{ bf hlsfp{hûl pf~vhfpfl vln `n{f ~vf am{ jv{rhch~vfl, Bhkdn `n{f f{ wpfkh{niflrf vln wpmwvf{rn `hfl f{rpvkrvpnbn x fsnavnbn ~vf hlbh~vf an wnvrn ~vf bf`f {fevhp{f,
Wpmamem Kmim f{wfkhnah{rn wnpn rminp vln bfkh{hûl {m`pf vl wpmxfkrm bf hlsfp{hûl f{ lfkf{nphm ~vf è{rf {fn {mifrhbm na nlîah{h{ ivarhbh{khwahlnphm bf bhcfpflrf{ cnkrmpf{ ~vf hlkhbfl fl fa pflbhihflrm bfa wpmxfkrm, Vln bfkh{hûl bf f{rf rhwm lm wvfbf {fp rminbn n an ahefpn x kml vln iflrnahbnb ahihrnbn! bf`fpî {fp nlnahznbm bf{bf vl wvlrm bf sh{rn `hfl bfchlhbm x f{rpvkrvpnbm, Nvl~vf lm {f wvfbf dn`anp bf vln ifrmbmameén péehbn ~vf if evéf fl an rmin bf bfkh{hmlf{ {m`pf ~vè wpmxfkrm fafehp! cvlbniflrnaiflrf bf`hbm n an epnl bhsfp{hbnb bf wpmxfkrm{ x {v{ bhcfpflrf{ pf~vfphihflrm{ bf hlsfp{hûl x kniwm{ bf nwahknkhûl! n{é ih{im f{ wm{h`af nchpinp knrfeûphkniflrf vln bfkh{hûl aûehkn wnpn fa wpmxfkrm ~vf ifjmp pflbhihflrm if wpmwmpkhmlf! {hfiwpf `n{îlbmif fl fa nlîah{h{ bf vl {hl lúifpm bf nlrfkfbflrf{ kml an nwahknkhûl bf vln ifrmbmameén aûehkn ~vf n`np~vf an kml{hbfpnkhûl bf rmbm{ am{ cnkrmpf{ ~vf wnprhkhwnl x ncfkrnl fa pflbhihflrm fl an pfkvwfpnkhûl bf an hlsfp{hûl,
6
Wpmwvf{rn Wpfîi`vam F{rn wpmwvf{rn wfp{hevf fa m`jfrhsm x an chlnahbnb bf wpf{flrnp am{ `flfchkhm{ bf hlsfprhp fl fa lfemkhm nepmwfkvnphm enlnbfpm fl am ~vf {ml an{ nkrhshbnbf{ bf ‑Nepm Fiwpf{n Mkdmn’ an kvna wpf{flrn
na hlsfp{hmlh{rn fl am ~vf n ié pf{wfkrn ftkfaflrf{
lhsfaf{ bf pflrn! nkmpbf n {v lhsfa bf phf{em, An{ hlsfp{hmlf{ ~vf n~vé wpf{flrm dnl {hbm wanlhchknbn{ wnpn kfprhchknbm{ bf hlsfp{hûl kml wfpémbm{ bf vlm n rpf{ nþm{! kml am kvna {f wpfrflbf kv`php wm{h`af{ knébn{ fl fa lhsfa bf pflrn! an{ nkrhshbnbf{ {f bf{wahfenl fl vl avenp bmlbf fa kahin x am{ ifpknbm{ jvfenl vl wnwfa hiwmprnlrf, [h `hfl lnbhf wvfbf enpnlrhznp fa èthrm bf vl fiwpflbhihflrm nepmwfkvnphm! am{ pf{varnbm{ m`rflhbm{ dh{rûphkniflrf fl Evnrfinan bf f{rf wpmbvkrm wphinphm! {hfiwpf {vwfpnl n an{ rn{n{ m`rflhbn{ fl fa ifpknbm chlnlkhfpm! kmiwnpnbm{ kml hlsfp{hmlf{ bf hevna lhsfa bf phf{em,
Naknlkf Fa kmlkfwrm bf f{rn wpmwvf{rn bf hlsfp{hûl f{rî pfankhmlnbm na îi`hrm nepmwfkvnphm enlnbfpm fl an pfehûl x an bfkh{hûl bf hlsfp{hûl bfwflbf bf an wfp{wfkrhsn x flcm~vf ~vf nbmwrf fa hlsfp{hmlh{rn {feúl {v nchlhbnb n f{rf {fkrmp ${hfiwpf fth{rfl ev{rm{ bf fl ~vè hlsfprhp xn {fn fl hlcmpiîrhkn! nephkvarvpn! inlvcnkrvpn! chlnlkhfpm! enlnbfpm(, Fl wphifpn hl{rnlkhn! bf`f {n`fp ~vf f{rf wpmxfkrm {vpef bf an{ lfkf{hbnbf{ bf an fiwpf{n bf knwhrnahznp{f! rflhflbm fl kvflrn an pfnahbnb {mkhna! kvarvpna x wmaérhkn fl ~vf {f shsf fl an pfehûl evnrfinarfkn! fa nkrvna wpmxfkrm bf hlsfp{hûl ~vf wpfrflbf bf{nppmaanp{f wpmwmpkhmln vln mwmprvlhbnb bf lfemkhm{,)))))) )))))))))Wmbfim{ bfkhp ~vf f{rn hlsfp{hûl rhflf avenp fl fa kni`hm bf vln {nrh{cnkkhûl hlifbhnrn x khfprn! n an ~vf {f pflvlkhn! n kni`hm bf an f{wfpnlzn ~vf {f nb~vhfpf x kvxm {mwmprf f{rî fl fa `hfl hlsfprhbm, Wmp rnlrm! wnpn f{rn hlsfp{hûl {f wpmbvkf vl bf{fi`ma{m bf fcfkrhsm bfa ~vf {f f{wfpn m`rflfp vln{ knlrhbnbf{ {vwfphmpf{ fl fa cvrvpm,)) )))))))))))))Df kml{hbfpnbm an hlsfp{hûl fl {v {flrhbm iî{ niwahm! rflhflbm fl kvflrn rnlrm an hlsfp{hûl fl fafiflrm{ bf nkrhsm chjm kmim an hlsfp{hûl fl khpkvanlrf! xn xn ~vf kmim f{ aûehkm f{ kmiwafiflrnphn bf an nlrfphmp, 3
CMLBM BF HLSFP[HÛL NEPMWFKVNPHM
BF[KPHWKHÛL EFLFPNA BF AN HBFN F{rn wpmwvf{rn hlhkhn na pfnahznp fa wpmkf{m bf bfrfkkhûl x fsnavnkhûl bf an{ bhsfp{n{ mwmprvlhbnbf{ bf lfemkhm{ fth{rflrf{ x wmrflkhnaf{ n lhsfa amkna! fl an pfehûl bf Narn Sfpnwnz flkmlrpnim{ vln mwmprvlhbnb mwmprvlhbnb an ~vf pfkmihflbm kml{khflrfiflrf x bf vln cmpin hlf~vésmkn fa nwpmsfkdnpan wmp ifbhm bf an imshahbnb bf knwhrna n rpnsè{ an hlsfp{hûl an kvna wpf{flrm n rpnsè{ bf f{rn wpmwvf{rn wnpn Nepm Fiwpf{n Mkdmn an kvna wpf{flrn na hlsfp{hmlh{rn pflbhihflrm{ nrpnkrhsm{ kml
an chlnahbnb bf neflkhnp{f bf cmlbm{ wnpn
fiwpflbfp am{ wpmxfkrm{ bfa lfemkhm enlnbfpm wnpn faam {f lfkf{hrn hlsfprhp fl nkrhsm{ chjm{ x fl cnkrmpf{ nepmwfkvnphm{ ~vf nviflrnl an wpmbvkkhûl${vwafiflrnkhûl bf an rhfppn(, Kmiflrm: am ~vf cvf cvf vln hbfn fiwpflbfbmpn dnkf rpf{ nþm{ nþm{ {f kmlshprhû fl vln pfnahbnb fa 6 bf flfpm bfa 0775? fl n~vfa flrmlkf{ {f kml{rhrvxf an fiwpf{n ~vf dn {hbm fa lfemkhm nepmwfkvnphm! enlnbfpm bf bml N`fa Npinlbm Mkdmn, Vln Vln hbfn ~vf na rpnl{kvpphp am{ am{ nþm{ dn {hbm wpfkh{n! iî{ lm dn {hbm kvnlrhchkn`af lh nwpfkhn`af fa kpfkhihflrm f{wfpnbm! am ~vf navbf n vl {flrhihflrm fiwpflbfbmp hlrvhrhsm ‑an lfkf{hbnb bf kpfkfp’ am ~vf pf~vfphpî bf hlxfkkhûl bf knwhrna wnpn neflkhnp{f bf cmlbm{ wnpn wmbfp fiwpflbfp fa wpmxfkrm bf an ftwamrnkhûl bf an hbfn hbfn nepmwfkvnphn an kvna kml{h{rf fl an inlfjm inlfjm n kniwm wn{rmpha n rpnsè{ bf an nbihlh{rpnkhûl bf vln {fphf bf cnkrmpf{ ~vf hlkhbfl fl an wpmbvkkhûl,
An hbfn: An inxmpén inxmpén bf an{ hbfn{ hbfn{ ~vf wpmwmpkhmlnl pflbhihflrm{ bf knwhrna lm wnprfl bhpfkrniflrf bf epnlbf{ bf{kv`phihflrm{ rèklhkm{ {hlm bf an m`{fpsnkhûl nrflrn n
am{ kni`hm{ x
rflbflkhn{ fl an{ lfkf{hbnbf{ ~vf {f wpmbvkfl fl an fkmlmién evnrfinarfkn x fl an {mkhfbnb ~vf lm{ pmbfn x f{rf wpmxfkrm pfwpf{flrn vln mwmprvlhbnb fl an kvna sfm vln rpnxfkrmphn nrpnkrhsn na pflbhihflrm n kvna~vhfp hlsfp{hûl ~vf fl faan {f kmlrfiwaf pfnahznp, 5
Kmim f{rvbhnlrf bf Nbihlh{rpnkhûl bf lfemkhm{ nlnahzm am ~vf n ih kphrfphm x mwhlhûl mwhlhûl an ftwamrnkhûl n kniwm wn{rmpha f{ vln epnl hbfn wmp wnprf bf Bml Npinlbm Mkdmn {hflbm shrna fa knwhrnahznp{f wnpn fiwpflbfp bhkdn hbfn! f{rf wpmxfkrm f{ nrpnkrhsm nrpnkrhsm bf`hbm n ~vf an{ mwmprvlhbnbf{ bf lfemkhm ~vf {f bfphsnpnl bf f{rf fiwpflbhihflrm {fpîl ivx lvifpm{n{ x rni`hèl bhsfp{n{! wmp am kvna pf{varn kmlsflhflrf hlsfprhp fl f{rf wpmxfkrm! hlhkhnaiflrf an sflrn bfa enlnbm f{ fa m`jfrm wphinphm nvl~vf wm{rfphmpiflrf {f niwahnpn n an sflrn bf am{ bfphsnbm{ kmim afkdf! {hflbm vln mwmprvlhbnb bf lfemkhm shn`af shn`af
f hlbvbn`afiflrf
pflrn`af wmp~vf nkmlrfkf ~vf {v wpmbvkrm {f wvfbf sflbfp n {vchkhflrf smavifl x bfinlbn wnpn kv`php rmbm{ am{ km{rm{ x eflfpnp fa `flfchkhm bf{fnbm rnlrm wnpn wpmwhfrnphm! fiwpf{n! kmim wnpn fa hlsfp{hmlh{rn,
Hbflrhchkm ~vf an fiwpf{n mwfpn fl vl ifpknbm kmlmkhbm: An fiwpf{n lm hlkvp{hmlnpn fl vl ifpknbm ~vf af f{ njflm na kmlrpnphm fiwafnpn {v{ pfkvp{m{ na bf{nppmaam bf an nkrhshbnb wphinphn ~vf af f{ bf {v kmlmkhihflrm,
An lfkf{hbnb bfa wpmbvkrm fl fa ifpknbm:
[h `hfl fth{rfl `n{rnlrf{ mcfpflrf{ fl fa
ifpknbm amkna! an bfinlbn lm dn {hbm {nrh{cfkdn núl wmp am ~vf {hevf {hflbm vl f{réivam n an flrpnbn bf lvfsm{ mcfpflrf{! x na {fp vl `hfl bf kml{vim bhnphm {f pfbvkf an hlkfprhbvi`pf bf an nkfwrnkhûl bf cnkrmpf{ kmim an nkfwrn`hahbnb bfa wpmbvkrm,
[f hbflrhchkn iúarhwaf{ inlfpn{ bf {fpshp na ifpknbm:
An{ cmpin{ fl an{ ~vf f{rf
wpmbvkrm wvfbf {fp wpf{flrnbm fl {v cmpin cmpin chlna {ml lvifpm{n{! fl afkdf! knplf! am ~vf dnkf ~vf an hlsfp{hûl rflen khfprm epnbm bf {fevphbnb
Ftwnl{hûl bf an{ aélfn{ bf Wpmbvkrm{:
F{ bf lvf{rpm kmlmkhihflrm an hiwmprnlkhn
~vf rhflf an bhsfp{hchknkhûl bf wpmbvkrm{! lhlevln fiwpf{n bf`f bfwflbfp ftkav{hsniflrf bf vl wpmbvkrm! vl kahflrf! vl ifpknbm! vln cmpin bf dnkfp lfemkhm{! vln pfehûl! f{ bf {vin hiwmprnlkhn fa nwpmsfkdnihflrm bf an{ frnwn{ kékahkn{ f{ bfkhp ihflrpn{ vl wpmbvkrm {f flkvflrpn f{ {v wvlrm iî{ narm bf sflrn{ sflrn{ mrpm wmbpî f{rnp fl {v frnwn iî{ `njn bf bfinlbn fa lm bfwflbfp bf vl wpmbvkrm lm{ wfpihrf nwpmsfkdnp x bf khfprn inlfpn nwnanlknp an{ mwfpnkhmlf{ bf an fiwpf{n))))))))))))))))))))))))))))){h kml{khflrfiflrf nlnahznim{ f{rn fiwpf{n wmbpî bhsfp{hchknp{f wmbpî rflfp vln aélfn bf afkdf! kpfin{! ~vf{m{! dvfsm{! knplf{ x bfphsnbm{! flkmlrpnim{ vln niwahrvb fl an ftwnl{hûl ~vf f{rn 4
fiwpf{n wvfbf naknlznp))))))))))))))Kmim fiwpflbfbmp wfpkfwrhsm hbflrhchkm an mwmprvlhbnb bf lfemkhm ~vf {f kpfn fl f{rf wpmxfkrm! fsnavû fa ifpknbm evnrfinarfkm x f{rf f{rî kmlrhlvniflrf kni`hnlbm wmp am{ nviflrm{ bf wm`ankhûl! snphnkhmlf{ bfimepîchkn{ x nsnlkf{ rfklmaûehkm{ hlbvbn`afiflrf an{ rflbflkhn{ x imbn{ bf kml{vim rni`hèl am kni`hnpnl! am ~vf fl iflmp ifbhbn snphn x wfpinlfkf kml{rnlrf {ml am{ `hflf{ `î{hkm{ bf kml{vim $dvfsm{! cphjma! knplf{! inéz! x am{ nepfenbm{ n an knln{rn `î{hkn( f{rf wpmxfkrm wfprflfkf n vl `hfl bf kml{vim wphinphm `î{hkm x f{rm ncfkrn bf vln inlfpn ivx wm{hrhsn n f{rf wpmxfkrm wmp~vf lm{ enpnlrhzn an an bfinlbn bfa wpmbvkrm,
AM[ M@JFRHSM[ Am{ m`jfrhsm{ bf f{rn wpmwvf{rn f{ fa bf nrpnfp hlsfp{hmlh{rn{ kmim ifbhm bf chlnlkhnkhûl wnpn am{ wpmxfkrm{ x wnpn fa kpfkhihflrm {v{rflrn`af bf an fiwpf{n, Wnpn fiwpflbfp bhkdm wpmxfkrm {f lfkf{hrnpn nrpnfp hlsfp{hmlh{rn{ wnpn nviflrnp an ah~vhbfz x wnpn faam lm{ `n{nim{ fl chbfhkmih{m kvxm m`jfrhsm nepmwfkvnphm {f wvfbf pf{vihp fl: >, Wfpihrhp fa nkkf{m n wf~vfþm{ x ifbhnlm{ ndmpph{rn{ f hlsfp{mpf{! n vl lfemkhm ~vf pf~vhfpf bf vln f{knan hiwmprnlrf wnpn {fp pflrn`af! wmp rflfp vl lhsfa bf km{rm{ chjm{ narm, Wnpnafaniflrf {f pf~vhfpf bf ftwfphflkhn rèklhkn wpfshn x vln mpenlhznkhûl nbihlh{rpnrhsn x ameé{rhkn hiwmprnlrf, 0, Fkmlûihkm Eflfpnp ‑fkmlmién bf f{knan’ fl an nkrhshbnb! wpmbvkhflbm vln {helhchknrhsn bh{ihlvkhûl bf am{ km{rm{! nwpmsfkdnlbm fa wmbfp bf kmiwpn x wnem! ~vf an hlsfp{hûl kmljvlrn wpmbvkf, ;, Phf{em{ Bh{ihlvhp am{ phf{em{ kahiîrhkm{ wpmwhm{ bf an nkrhshbnb! bhsfp{hchknlbm an{ pfehmlf{ bf kvarhsm! vrhahznlbm bh{rhlrm{ kvarhsm{ x bhcfpflrf{ èwmkn{ bf {hfi`pn, 2, IHLH)IHLH Bh{ihlvhp am{ phf{em{ bf ifpknbm $knébn{ f{rnkhmlnaf{ bf am{ wpfkhm{( ifbhnlrf an narn wpmcf{hmlnahznkhûl bf an nkrhshbnb! vrhahznlbm bh{rhlrn{ dfppnihflrn{ bf km`fprvpn bf wpfkhm{! nwpmsfkdnlbm wnpnafaniflrf an{ sflrnjn{ bf kmifpkhnahznp smaúiflf{ hiwmprnlrf{ bf wpmbvkkhûl, 6, Pflbhihflrm M`rflfp pflrn`hahbnbf{ {vwfphmpf{ n am{ ifpknbm{ chlnlkhfpm{! fl kmiwfl{nkhûl na phf{em n{vihbm, X pf{evnpbnp fa knwhrna hlsfprhbm fl wpmbvkrm{ kvxm wpfkhm f{ chjnbm fl am{ ifpknbm{ hlrfplnkhmlnaf{! kml am kvna inlrhflfl {v snamp! fl cmpin hlbfwflbhflrf n am{ snhsflf{ bf an fkmlmién lnkhmlna, 8
Pf{fþn bf cnkrh`hahbnb: Bf{flankf{ bf am{ F{rvbhm{ bf cnkrh`hahbnb: kmim f{wfkhnah{rn wnpn an fan`mpnkhûl
bf f{rn wpmwvf{rn if df `n{nbm fl am{ f{rvbhm{ bf cnkrh`hahbnb cnkrh`hahbnb ~vf {hfiwpf {ml lfkf{nphm{ wnpn kvna~vhfp wpmxfkrm! kmim ih an`mp f{ fa bf kml{varmp fl an hlsfp{hûl wpf{flrm n v{rfb ~vfphbm hlsfp{hmlh{rn lfrniflrf hlcmpinkhûl ~vf wnpn v{rfb af f{ pfafsnlrf! n ih kmlkav{hûl kpérhkn {m`pf am{ am{ f{rvbhm{ bf cnkrh`hahbnb cnkrh`hahbnb ~vf df fsnavnbm hlbvbn`afiflrf af pfkmihflbm hlsfprhp fl f{rn mwmprvlhbnb bf lfemkhm{! af wpf{flrm an{ kmlkav{hmlf{ bf am{ f{rvbhm{ bf cnkrh`hahbnb:
BFA F[RVBHM CHLNLKHFPM Shflbm an hlcmpinkhûl bf knpîkrfp imlfrnphm ~vf {f if wpmwmpkhmln $am{ kvnbpm{ nlnaérhkm{! f{rnbm{ chlnlkhfpm{ x nlrfkfbflrf{ nbhkhmlnaf{ wnpn an fsnavnkhûl bfa wpmxfkrm( fsnavû {v pflrn`hahbnb fl am{ érfi bf hlsfp{hmlf{! km{rm{ f hlepf{m{ ~vf wvfbnl bfbvkhp{f! kmiflznlbm kml an bfrfpihlnkhûl bf am{ km{rm{ rmrnaf{ x bf an hlsfp{hûl hlhkhna x kmlrhlvnlbm kml an bfrfpihlnkhûl bf an bfwpfkhnkhûl x nimprhznkhûl bf rmbn an hlsfp{hûl hlhkhna, Mrpm bf wvlrm hiwmprnlrf f{ fa kîakvam bfa knwhrna bf rpn`njm ~vf nvl~vf rni`hèl f{ wnprf bf an hlsfp{hûl hlhkhna x ~vf lm f{rî {vjfrm n bfwpfkhnkhûl x nimprhznkhûl! bnbn {v lnrvpnafzn ah~vhbn wpf{flrm:
Élbhkf{ bf Fsnavnkhûl bfa Wpmxfkrm: >, Rn{n hlrfpln bf Pfrmplm
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2, Wfphmbm bf Pfkvwfpnkhûl bf Knwhrna
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6, Pfankhûl bf @flfchkhm Km{rm
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Lfkf{hbnbf{ Rmrnaf{ bf Knwhrna: an fiwpf{n f{wfpn knwrnp cmlbm{ wmp ^,677! 777 {hflbm f{rn an lfkf{hbnb bf pfkvp{m imlfrnphm lfkf{nphm wnpn fa bf{nppmaam f{wfpnbm x an wvf{rn fl inpkdn bfa wpmxfkrm wanlfnbm!
Knwnkhbnb bf Wnem: na chlnahznp knbn khkam {f wnenpnl am{ kfprhchknbm{ kml {v snamp lmihlna x {v pflbhihflrm
Pf~vfphihflrm Rmrna bf Nkrhsm{: hlbhkm ~vf fa bf{rhlm ~vf {f bnpî n am{ cmlbm{ knwrnbm{ f{ wnpn an kmiwpn bf lmshaam{! nppflbnihflrm $;rfppflm{(! kmiwpn bf shrnihln{ x {vwafiflrm{ wnpn fa nlhina kmim wnpn an rhfppn! Nkrhsm{ Chjm{ Hlrnleh`af{: fa kmlmkhihflrm bfa wfp{mlna ~vf rflen bf an{ rèklhkn{ bf wpmbvkkhûl x bf flempbf,
Knwhrna bf Rpn`njm: ^;77! 777 {f snl n hlsfprhp fl fa lfemkhm! >06! 777 kmim pfhlsfp{hûl x kmlrhleflkhn{! ^ 56! 777 kmim nwnanlknihflrm hlsfp{mp,
Cvflrf{ bf Chlnlkhnihflrm: hlsfp{hmlh{rn{! wmp am ~vf {f fshrn fa kpèbhrm `nlknphm, Kmlbhkhmlf{:
^>7! 777 f{ fa snamp bf am{ kfprhchknbm{! n wfphmbm bf pfkvwfpnkhûl bf > n ;
nþm{ kml wfpémbm bf wnem nlvnaf{ Imbnahbnb : [f hlbhkn n am anpem bf f{rn wpmwvf{rn ~vf an imbnahbnb bf an an hlsfp{hûl ifbhnlrf chbfhkmih{m chbfhkmih{m wmp ifbhm bf kfprhchknbm{ bf > n ; nþm{
En{rm{: am{ en{rm{ n pfnahznp wmp kmlkfwrm bf mwfpnkhmlf{ kml am{ kmlftm{ n an wpmbvkkhûl: En{rm{ bf Nbihlh{rpnkhûl x Sflrn{! mwfpnrhsm{ x wpmbvkkhûl! cvflrf{ bf hlepf{m{ hlepf{m{ {ml bf ^,528!6;5 x {v {v wpmxfkkhûl Hlepf{m{ Rmrnaf{ Nlvnaf{: an{ cvflrf{ rphwahknbn fl fa rhfiwm
N{wfkrm{ Afenaf{: Kml{hbfpnlbm an{ lmpinrhsn{ afenaf{ lnkhmlnaf{ sheflrf{ F{wfkhchknp fa knwhrna {mkhna {v{kphwrm x wnenbm! am{ lmi`pf{ x kèbvan{ bf am{ {mkhm{ {v wnprhkhwnkhûl nkkhmlnpén x kmlcmpinkhûl an Jvlrn Bhpfkrhsn, Wfpih{m{ pf~vfphbm{! zmlhchknkhûl vp`nln, Ah`pm{ n vrhahznp: F{rnbm bf Enlnlkhn{ x Wèpbhbn{ kml Chlnlkhnihflrm! Cavjm bf Knjn kml Chlnlkhnihflrm!
>>
N{wfkrm{ Bf Dhehflf{ X [fevphbnb Hlbv{rphna: Kmlrfiwanlbm an{ ifbhbn{ lfkf{nphn{ fl fa bf{nppmaam bfa wpmkf{m! wnpn fshrnp nkkhbflrf bf rhwm an`mpnp x kmlrnihlnkhûl ~vf snxn fl wfpjvhkhm f hlrfephbnb bfa wfp{mlna ~vf an`mpn fl an fiwpf{n,
BFA F[RVBHM RÈKLHKM Df sh{rm an shn`hahbnb chlnlkhfpn fl fa f{rvbhm rèklhkm fa kvna rhflf wmp m`jfrm wpmsffp hlcmpinkhûl wnpn kvnlrhchknp fa imlrm bf an{ hlsfp{hmlf{ x km{rm bf an{ mwfpnkhmlf{ nepmwfkvnphn{ wfprhlflrf{ n an kmlrph`vkhûl enlnbfpn! Rèklhkniflrf wvfbfl fth{rhp bhsfp{m{ wpmkf{m{ wpmbvkrhsm{ ~vf kmlrph`vxnl na flempbf bfa nlhina x mwrhin rèklhkniflrf x chlnlkhfpniflrf, Vlm bf am{ pf{varnbm{ bf f{rf f{rvbhm f{ an bfchlhkhûl bf wpmbvkkhûl x an mwrhihznkhûl bf am{ pfkvp{m{ bh{wmlh`af{ fl an wpmbvkkhûl $kmim am{ {nafpm{ x shrnihln{! cvlehkhbn{(, N~vé df sh{rm n bfrnaaf an hlcmpinkhûl x an{ lfkf{hbnbf{ bf knwhrna inlm bf m`pn x pfkvp{m{ inrfphnaf{! rnlrm wnpn an wvf{rn fl inpkdn kmim wnpn an wm{rfphmp mwfpnkhûl, Bf nkvfpbm n am wanlrfnbm nlrfphmpiflrf {f wvfbf ftwahknp fa F{rvbhm Rèklhkm bf f{rf wpmxfkrm:
Cnkrmpf{ ~vf kmlbhkhmlnl fa Rninþm bf an Wanlrn: fa rfppflm nkrvna f{ wpmwhm wfpm pf{varn {fp bfin{hnbm wf~vfþm wnpn fa enlnbm nkrvna x wpmxfkrnbm wmp am ~vf {f dnkf lfkf{nphm bf{rhlnp vl wmpkflrnjf bf am{ am{ cmlbm{ knwrnbm{ bf an{ hlsfp{hmlf{ hlsfp{hmlf{ na nppflbnihflrm bf rpf{ rfppflm{ iî{ wnpn amepnp an pmrnkhûl bf wmrpfpm{ vl cnkrmp ~vf kmlbhkhmln fa flempbf bfa enlnbm f hlcavxfl bf inlfpn wpfbmihlnlrf fl an{ sflrn{! an bh{wmlh`hahbnb bf am{ rfppflm{ f{ ifbhnrn na {fp rfppflm{ sfkhlm{ am ~vf efmepîchkniflrf f{ nkmpbf kml am ~vf {f dn wanlfnbm
Knwnkhbnb hl{rnanbn: An iîthin knwnkhbnb bf wpmbvkkhûl ~vf {f naknlznpî kml am{ pfkvp{m{ bh{wmlh`af{ f{ bf 47 kn`fzn{ bf enlnbm x {f wpfrflbf rphwahknp f{rn khcpn x nkmprnp fa rhfiwm {fif{rpna {fif{rpna n ifl{vna
>0
BFA WANL BF WPMBVKKHÛL X WANL BF INPOFRHLE Wpmepnin bf Sflrn{: Fl kmlkav{hûl {f f{wfpn wn{np bf ^, 528!6;5 sflrn{ nlvnaf{ n rphwahknp an{ sflrn{ fl vlhbnbf{ imlfrnphn{,
Bf{kphwkhûl bfa Wpmkf{m Wpmbvkrhsm: An{ frnwn{ ~vf kmlcmpinl fa wpmkf{m wpmbvkrhsm bf flempbf: {f kmiwpn fa lmshaam {f flempbn x wm{rfphmpiflrf {f sflbf n vl wpfkhm pfanrhsniflrf inxmp na bf {v kmiwpn! fa shrnihlnbm am{ {vwafiflrm{ wnpn fa enlnbm x an rhfppn {ml cvlbniflrnaf{ n{é kmim an pmrnkhûl bf am{ wmrpfpm{ na narfplnp fa enlnbm fl am{ wmrpfpm fa wn{rm svfasf n kpfkfp, Wpmkf{m{ x Rfklmameén{: An{ rfklmameén{ bh{wmlh`af{ wnpn am{ wpmkf{m{ wpmbvkrhsm{ bf flempbf {ml nwmxnbm{ kml an ftwfphflkhn bf an fiwpf{n,
In~vhlnphn! F~vhwm{ x Dfppnihflrn{: an{ in~vhlnphn{! f~vhwm{ bf rpnl{wmprf x bf an`mpnrmphm! dfppnihflrn{! sfdékvam{! frk,! lfkf{nphm{ wnpn fa wpmxfkrm `î{hkniflrf {hevfl {hflbm an{ ih{in{ am úlhkm ~vf snpén f{ fa v{m,
Bf{kphwkhûl bf an{ Hl{rnankhmlf{ Lfkf{nphn{: am{ pf~vfphihflrm{ bfa rfppflm! f{wfkhchknlbm: rflflkhn bf an rhfppn$>(! rhfppn$>(! x n nppflbnp nppflbnp $;( n vl snamp bf knbn vlm vlm ^,>!477! sén bf nkkf{m wmp knppfrfpn x {f nbfkvn wnpn fa rhwm bf nkrhshbnb nepmwfkvnphn {hl wpf{flrnp wpm`afin{ ~vf wpf{flrn! {fpshkhm{ `î{hkm{ $vlm bf faam{ rhflf vl lnkhihflrm bf nevn(! fl an nabfn kdfank {nl wfbpm knpkdn,
Bh{rph`vkhûl Cé{hkn: Knbn rfppflm {fpshpî kmim wmrpfm wnpn nahiflrnp kml wn{rm na enlnbm x bf cmpin {fkvflkhna pmrnp fa enlnbm wmp am{ wmrpfpm{ Cnkrmpf{ ~vf bfrfpihlnl an
Amknahznkhûl: Am{ cnkrmpf{ ~vf hlkhbfl iî{ shempm{niflrf {ml: fa ifpknbm bf kml{vim fl Km`îl! Bh{wmlh`hahbnb x bf an inlm bf m`pn! Cnkhahbnbf{ bf rpnl{wmprf sén knppfrfpn! km{rm pfanrhsm{ kmi`v{rh`af en{mahln - bhf{fa
Hl{vim{ Pf~vfphbm{: `î{hkniflrf {vwafiflrm{ wnpn an rhfppn x fa enlnbm! {naf{ ihlfpnahznbn{ x shrnihln{ wnpn fa flempbf bfa nlhina {f vrhahznpîl fl knbn frnwn bfa wpmkf{m wpmbvkrhsm! {fþnanlbm an knahbnb x km{rm-`flèchkm bf am{ ih{im{, Bh{wmlh`hahbnb : Am{ hl{vim{ vrhahznbm{ fl fa wpmkf{m wpmbvkrhsm f{rîl bh{wmlh`af fl am{ imiflrm{ bf{fnbm{ fl an{ nepmwfkvnphn{ amknaf{, Pf~vfphihflrm bf Wfp{mlna bf Wfp{mlna x Km{rm: An inlm bf >;
m`pn pf~vfphbn wnpn amepnp am{ m`jfrhsm{ bfa wpmxfkrm! {ml bf knlrhbnb! knahchknkhûl imbfpnpn bn! an imbnahbnb imbnahbnb bf kmlrpnrnkhûl {f `n{n fl fa {nanphm iélhim bf ^,>467 ^,>467
CAVJM BF WPMKF[M HLHKHM
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>2
ÎI@HRM BF NKKHÛL [FKRMP BFA LFEMKHM Fa wpmxfkrm bf wpmbvkkhûl nepmwfkvnphn {f cmknahzn fl fa {feiflrm bf nepmwfkvnphm! bflrpm bf f{rf {feiflrm fa lfemkhm bf an ftwamrnkhûl n kniwm wn{rmpha! fa ih{im dn {hbm {fafkkhmlnbm flrpf an{ bh{rhlrn{ narfplnrhsn{ nepmwfkvnphn{ wmp {v{ knpnkrfpé{rhkn{ bf mcpfkfp vln narn {fevphbnb wnpn fa knwhrna n hlsfprhp! fa pf{evnpbm bf am{ nkrhsm{ bfa fiwpflbhihflrm cpflrf n vl flrmplm bfsnavnrmphm bfsnavnrmphm m hlcankhmlnphm hlcankhmlnphm x vln pflrn`hahbnb nrpnkrhsn wnpn an hlsfp{hûl, F{rf wpmxfkrm hiwahkn vln ftwamrnkhûl n kniwm wn{rmpha x wnpn faam {f pf~vhfpf nb~vhphp kml vl hlrfl{hsm inlfjm bf am{ cnkrmpf{ bf wpmbvkkhûl $flempbf bfa nlhina( kmim {fp pmrnkhûl bf wmrpfpm{! wpmrfkkhûl bf wpnbfpn{ x sfpbfpm{! {nlhbnb! {vwafiflrnkhûl bf an rhfppn N bhcfpflkhn bfa flempbf fl flkhfppf bmlbf an wpmbvkkhûl kml{h{rf fl pfvlhp vln epnl knlrhbnb bf nlhinaf{ fl wf~vfþm{ kmppnaf{ x nahiflrnpam{ kml wpfwnpnbm{ n `n{f bf inéz! an ~vf pf~vhfpf hlsfp{hmlf{ narn{ fl f{rpvkrvpn x bfwflbf bf an pfankhûl bf am{ wpfkhm{ bf am{ epnlm{ am kvna pf{varn nlrh fkmlûihkm f{rf wpmxfkrm v{n vl {h{rfin ~vf wfpihrf mwrhihznp an wpmbvkkhûl nwpmsfkdnlbm an{ rèklhkn{ bf{nppmaanbn{ bvpnlrf nþm{ bf ftwfphflkhn n an sfz fa ihlhihznp am{ km{rm{ bf f{rpvkrvpn n{mkhnbm{ na lfemkhm! am{ km{rm{ bf f{rpvkrvpn hlfavbh`af{ wnpn fa lfemkhm f{rîl pfankhmlnbm{ fl cmpin cmpin bhpfkrn kml ftwamrnkhûl wpmwvf{rn kmim {fp an nb~vh{hkhûl x inlrflhihflrm bf nani`pnbm{! nevn{! hl{rnankhmlf{ wnpn fa inlfjm bf an dnkhflbn! rpnkrmp! sfdékvam
KNPNKRFPÉ[RHKN[ BFA LFEMKHM Fa lfemkhm nepmwfkvnphm ~vf {f wpf{flrn! f{ vln narfplnrhsn bf hlsfp{hûl hlsfp{hûl bf ifbhnlm wanzm! {vchkhflrfiflrf wpm`nbn! x bf ftkfaflrf{ wfp{wfkrhsn{ fl Evnrfinan, An pflrn`hahbnb bf am{ hl{rpviflrm{ chlnlkhfpm{ lnkhmlnaf{ f hlrfplnkhmlnaf{! dnl {vcphbm fl am{ úarhim{ nþm{ vln lmrn`af bh{ihlvkhûl bf an pflrn wmrflkhna f{wfpnbn! iî{ núl fl narfplnrhsn{ bf `njm phf{em, An{ mwkhmlf{ bf inxmp phf{em $cmlbm{ bf hlsfp{hûl! @mlm{ bfa F{rnbm,( {f dnl flkmlrpnbm fl Evnrfinan! kml anpem{ wfpémbm{ bf pflrn`hahbnb lfenrhsn! am ~vf an{ dnkf knbn sfz iflm{ >6
nrpnkrhsn{, N f{rm úarhim bf`f nepfenp{f fa hiwmprnlrf bf{kpèbhrm ~vf dnl {vcphbm an{ hlsfp{hmlf{ fl flrhbnbf{ `nlknphn{, An wpmbvkkhûl nepmwfkvnphn hiwahkn phf{em{ wnpn ~vhfl an pfnahzn! wfpm kmim kvna~vhfp nkrhshbnb wpmbvkrhsn kmlsflhflrfiflrf inlfjnbn! wpf{flrn ftwfkrnrhsn{ bf pflrn ivx naflrnbmpn{, An cmpinkhûl bf cmlbm{ bf hlsfp{hûl nepékman rhflf anpem{ nlrfkfbflrf{ fl Evnrfinan, An kmljvlkhûl bf knwhrna! rfklmameén bf nsnlznbn! kmlbhkhmlf{ nepmfkmaûehkn{ nbfkvnbn{ bf am{ wpfbhm{ vrhahznbm{ x nbihlh{rpnkhûl fchkhflrf! kml{rhrvxfl fa kmljvlrm bf cnkrmpf{ ~vf wfpihrf aafenp n ivx hlrfpf{nlrf{ élbhkf{ bf pflrn`hahbnb bf an hlsfp{hûl,
ÎI@HRM BF NKKHÛL An wpmwvf{rn kmlrfiwan an pfnahznkhûl nlrf{ iflkhmlnbn {m`pf kniwm{ njflm{ `njm an imbnahbnb bf nppflbnihflrm! knwhrnahznkhûl x-m wn{rnjf rmbn{ faan{ wfp{hevfl fa m`jfrhsm bf inlrflfp vl ivx `njm lhsfa bf f{rpvkrvpn x `njn{ `nppfpn{ bf flrpnbn x {nahbn bfa lfemkhm, Vl wanlrfm réwhkm fl f{rf f{~vfin bf lfemkhm{ f{ fa bf kmiwpnp rfplfpm{ bf wf{m wpmifbhm bf >47 Oe m 057 Oe pf{wfkrhsniflrf rpn{anbnpam{ na kniwm fl kvf{rhûl flempbnpam{ `njm an{ imbnahbnbf{ bf{kphrn{ dn{rn kmlsfprhpam{ n vl wf{m flrpf 2;7 x 677 Oe an bvpnkhûl bf f{rf wpmkf{m snpén {feúl an knrfempén hlhkhna bfa nlhina wfpm fa pf{varnbm bfa ih{im {hfiwpf wvfbf {fp ifbhbm fl rèpihlm{ bf khkam{ nlvnaf{ fl cvlkhûl bf am{ ohamepnim{ wpmbvkhbm{, An imbnahbnb bf nppflbnihflrm kml{h{rf fl wnkrnp vl snamp ifl{vna ~vf {f wnenpn wmp fa kniwm hlkavxflbm hl{rnankhmlf{ ${h an{ dv`hfpf( fa wnem wvfbf {fp nkmpbnbm bf cmpin ifl{vna! rphif{rpna m {feúl {f kml{hbfpf kmlsflhflrf! wmp am eflfpna fa wnem {f pfnahzn bf nbfanlrnbn! f{rn imbnahbnb f{ ivx {hihanp n vl na~vhafp bf hlivf`af! fa snamp n wnenp {f f{rn`afkf fl vln bfrfpihlnbn knlrhbnb bf Oe bf lmshaam n imbm bf n{fevpnp an pfankhûl km{rm)`flfchkhm bf f{rf nppflbnihflrm, An imbnahbnb bf knwhrnahznkhûl kml{h{rf fl wnkrnp wpfshniflrf kml fa wpmwhfrnphm bfa kniwm vl bfrfpihlnbm wmpkflrnjf bf am{ Oe ~vf am{ nlhinaf{ enlfl fl {v kniwm kmim `flfchkhm wnpn èa! ~vf {fpî wnenbm kml an sflrn bf am{ nlhinaf{ wmp am eflfpna na chlna bfa khkam! f{rf f{~vfin ifjmpn an ftwm{hkhûl bf knwhrna pf{wfkrm na pflbhihflrm wfpm rhflf vl km{rm chlna ~vf pf{varn {fp inxmp, An imbnahbnb bf wn{rnjf kml{h{rf fl nkmpbnp kml fa wpmwhfrnphm bfa >3
kniwm vl snamp ifl{vna n wnenp wmp knbn nlhina ihflrpn{ ~vf fa ih{im wfpinlfzkn fl {v kniwm! {h `hfl fth{rfl bhsfp{n{ snphnlrf{ fl eflfpna fa inlfjm inlfjm ~vf bml Npinlbm Mkdmn Mkdmn wvfbf dnkfp bf {v pmbfm f{ ahihrnbm! fl f{rf kn{m fa snamp snamp n wnenp rni`hèl {f bfbvkf fl Oe bf lmshaam
WPMBVKKHÛL Rna am xn ftwvf{rm fa {h{rfin wpmbvkrhsm nbmwrnbm f{ fa bf flempbf n kniwm m wn{rmpha! kml vl v{m hlrfl{hsm n an{ rèklhkn{ ~vf wfpihrfl nkfafpnp fa khkam bf rfpihlnkhûl bfa nlhina x nkmprnp bhkdm{ wanzm{ bf pfnahznkhûl bfa wpmbvkrm rfpihlnbm $lmshaam(, F{rn{ rèklhkn{ {ml: {v`bhsh{hûl bf wmrpfpm{ kml nani`pf n imbm bf ifjmpnp an bh{rph`vkhûl x wmp rnlrm an nahiflrnkhûl bfa nlhina x wfpihrhp vl inlfjm fchkhflrf x {v{rflrn`af bf am{ sfpbf{ x wpnbfpn{ ifbhnlrf an pmrnkhûl wanlhchknbn bf am{ ih{im{! kan{hchknkhûl bf pmbfm{! flkhfppf lmkrvplm fl èwmkn{ bf dfanbn{! flkhfppf x {vwafiflrnkhûl kvnlbm fa {vfam bf am{ wmrpfpm{ lm wvfbf pfkfwkhmlnp bf`hbm n rfiwmpnaf{! n{wfkrm{ pfanrhsm{ n an {nlhbnb, An nwahknkhûl x v{m bf f{rn{ rèklhkn{ bf`f {fp fsnavnbm wfpinlflrfiflrf {feúl {v pfankhûl km{rm `flfchkhm! bf f{rf imbm {f m`rhflf vl fafsnbm flempbf bhnphm wpmifbhm am ~vf wm{h`hahrn kfppnp fa khkam bf flempbf n vl wanzm ûwrhim {feúl an knrfempén bf nlhina hlhkhna $rfplfpm m lmshaahrm(
V@HKNKHÛL [h `hfl lm dnx pf{rphkkhmlf{ m pfevankhmlf{ n an{ zmln{ enlnbfpn{ fl vln v`hknkhûl bflrpm bfa kn{km vp`nlm fa fiwpflbhihflrm wphmphzn an{ an{ zmln{ pvpnaf{ ~vf mcpfzknl vl `vfl `nanlkf bf cnkrmpf{ rnaf{ kmim bh{rnlkhn x nkkf{h`hahbnb bf{bf am{ ifpknbm{ wnpn an{ sflrn{ x an{ kmiwpn{! snampf{ pfanrhsm{ wnpn nppflbnihflrm{! wpmbvkrhshbnb! {fevphbnb! nkrvnaiflrf an fiwpf{n kvflrn kml vln wf~vfþn chlkn fl knpkdn bfa bfwnprniflrm bf Narn Sfpnwnz! bnbn{ an{ knpnkrfpé{rhkn{ bf am{ kniwm{! fa wanlrfm bf an wpmbvkkhûl f{ fa bf pf)kphnp am{ rfplfpm{ kmiwpnbm{ fl bhkdn zmln! wnpn avfem sflbfpam{ fl fa ifpknbm km`nlfpm
>5
F[WFKHCHKM : KDFANK, Nabfn bf [nl Wfbpm Knpkdî! N, S, Na f{rf bf an imlrnþn [fknl{hl! wmp sfpfbn na {vp > oi, Na flrpml~vf kml an pvrn lnkhmlna 6! ~vf 00¹ oi, na {vpmf{rf kmlbvkf n an kn`fkfpn, >!277 ir{, [LI! anr, >6·;2‘>7’! amle, 87·>7‘27’,
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>4
KMIFPKHNAHZNKHÛL Am{ knlnaf{ kaî{hkm{ bf kmifpkhnahznkhûl fl fa ifpknbm enlnbfpm {ml an{ kmiwpn{-sflrn{ n kniwm! an{ mwfpnkhmlf{ n rpnsè{ bf kml{helnrnphm{! pfinrnbmpf{! hlrfpifbhnphm{! kmiwpn{-sflrn{ fl pfinrf{! sflrn{ n inrnphcf{! bflrpm bf f{rn{ mwkhmlf{ {h `hfl rmbn{ faan{ {ml sîahbn{ an ~vf {f wpfchfpf f{ an bf mwfpnkhûl n kniwm x n rpnsè{ bf hlrfpifbhnphm{ fl cmpin bhpfkrn rmbm f{rm wphshafehnlbm wphshafehnlbm an {fevphbnb bf an an mwfpnkhûl x fa pf{varnbm bfa lfemkhm,
AFENAHBNB Fa cmpinrm jvpébhkm afena bfa fiwpflbhihflrm kvflrn kml rpf{ chevpn{! am{ hlsfp{mpf{ ~vf {ml am{ ~vf nwmprnl fa knwhrna wnpn kml{rhrvhp fa cmlbm bfa fiwpflbhihflrm `njm an chevpn bf vl Chbfhkmih{m ~vf n {v sfz {fpîl rni`hèl am{ `flfchkhnphm{ xn ~vf m`rflbpîl `flfchkhm{ bfa ih{im! fa chbvkhnphm m nbihlh{rpnbmp bfa fiwpflbhihflrm {fpî pf{wml{n`af bf an fjfkvkhûl mwfpnrhsn bf an ftwamrnkhûl hlkavxflbm fa inlfjm nbihlh{rpnrhsm! kmiwpn{! sflrn{! kmlrpnrnkhmlf{! inlfjm bf pmbfm! frk,! wmp am kvna wfpkh`f vln kmlrpnwpf{rnkhûl x fa nvbhrmp FTRFPLM ~vf f{ vl wpmcf{hmlna kmlrn`af hlbfwflbhflrf kvxn cvlkhûl f{ an bf fcfkrvnp an pfsh{hûl bf kvflrn{ rphif{rpna bfa chbfhkmih{m x nvbhrnp am{ f{rnbm{ kmlrn`af{ bf knbn khfppf rphif{rpna x bfa khfppf nlvna, @njm f{rf f{~vfin an nbihlh{rpnkhûl mwfpn `njm an chevpn bf chbvkhnphm bf imbm ~vf an wpmwhfbnb bf am{ nkrhsm{ bfa chbfhkmih{m fl rmbm imiflrm ~vfbn pf{evnpbnb `njm f{rn chevpn wpmrfehflbm am{ ih{im{ bf kvna~vhfp phf{em njflm na chbfhkmih{m wmp am ~vf `phlbn vln iîthin {fevphbnb n an hlsfp{hûl, Am{ hlsfp{mpf{ wvfbfl {fevhp an fsmavkhûl bfa lfemkhm ifbhnlrf hlcmpif{ rphif{rpnaf{ kml f{rnbm{ kmlrn`af{ nvbhrnbm{! ~vf hlkavxfl fa f{rnbm bf {hrvnkhûl wnrphimlhna bfa fiwpflbhihflrm! fa f{rnbm bf pf{varnbm{ nkrvnahznbm! vl pf{vifl bf am nkrvnbm! kmim n{é rni`hèl rmbn mrpn hlcmpinkhûl nbhkhmlna ~vf pf{varf bf hlrfpè{ wnpn am{ hlsfp{mpf{
>8
HLSFP[HÛL
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0;
AN HL[RPVIFLRNKHÛL [f pfnahzn ifbhnlrf an kmlcfkkhûl bf vl kmlrpnrm inpkm x kmlrpnrm{ hlbhshbvnaf{ bf nbdf{hûl, Fl fa kmlrpnrm eflfpna {f hlkavxfl rmbn{ an{ m`ahenkhmlf{ bfa chbvkhnphm $nbihlh{rpnbmp(! x an chlnahbnb wnpn an kvna {f kml{rhrvxf fa chbfhkmih{m, Fl lvf{rpm kn{m an nkrhshbnb nepékman ‛ enlnbfpn, Fl fa kmlrpnrm bf nbdf{hûl {f hlkavxf fa imlrm bfa nwmprf n pfnahznp wmp fa chbvkhnlrf $hlsfp{mp(, )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))[h `hfl fa kmlrpnrm inpkm {f pfnahzn n t wanzm pflmsn`af! fa hlsfp{mp inlrhflf an an wm{h`hahbnb wafln bf pfrhpnp {v knwhrna knwhrna iî{ an pflrn m iflm{ am{ ~vf`pnlrm{ wpmbvkhbm{! knbn nþm! n wnprhp bfa bén >º bf {frhfi`pf, NEPM FIWPF[N MKDMN $fl {v knpîkrfp bf chbvkhnphm( {f mkvwnpî bf pffiwanznp n am{ chbvkhnlrf{ ~vf bfkhbnl pfrhpnp{f nlrf{ bf am{ rpf{ nþm{ bfa wanzm bfa chbfhkmih{m! {hl wfpkh`hp lhlevln kan{f bf pfrph`vkhûl wmp pfnahznp f{n rnpfn Fl am{ kmlrpnrm{ inpkm x bf nbdf{hûl! {f kfprhchknpîl an{ chpin{ bfa chbvkhnphm nlrf f{kph`nlm wú`ahkm! wpmkfbhflbm na pfeh{rpm fl fa ah`pm kmppf{wmlbhflrf, Wnpn an kmlcfkkhûl bf am{ kmlrpnrm{ f{ lfkf{nphm ~vf fa chbvkhnlrf hlcmpif {v lmi`pf kmiwafrm! LHR! kfbvan x bmihkhahm, Am{ kmlrpnrm{ {f wvfbfl kmlcfkkhmlnp kml iî{ bf vl rhrvanp x fa chbvkhnlrf wvfbf mwrnp wmp an imbnahbnb bf chpin kmljvlrn m chpin hlbh{rhlrn,
Wnvrn{ mwfpnrhsn{ wnpn an pf{rhrvkhûl bf am{ nwmprf{ An pf{rhrvkhûl bf am{ nwmprf{! iî{ an pflrn eflfpnbn m iflm{ am{ ~vf`pnlrm{ {vcphbm{! xn {fn fl cmpin wnpkhna m rmrna! {f pfnahzn ifbhnlrf kdf~vf{ m rpnl{cfpflkhn{ `nlknphn{ fl ^VFRZNAF[, An chjnkhûl bfa snamp bfa bûanp {f pfnahznpî vrhahznlbm fa rhwm bf kni`hm kmiwpnbmp @nlkm Lnkhmlna bf Evnrfinan bfa bén wphifpm bf {fwrhfi`pf m fa wphifp bén dî`ha {hevhflrf! x fa wnem {f fcfkrhshznpî fa inprf{ {hevhflrf n an cfkdn bf {mahkhrvb! kml kdf~vf{ n {hfrf bén{ m rpnl{cfpflkhn `nlknphn $inprf{ {hevhflrf(, Fa wfbhbm bf pf{rhrvkhûl bf`f pfnahznp{f ifbhnlrf knprn kfprhchknbn! cnt m kmppfm fafkrpûlhkm, Fl kn{m ~vf lm {fn wm{h`af! {f pfkfwrnpî fl cmpin wfp{mlna fl an{ mchkhln{, 02
Kmlkav{hmlf{ Fa dfkdm bf pfnahznp vl nlîah{h{ ~vf {f kml{hbfpf am iî{ kmiwafrm wm{h`af! lm hiwahkn ~vf! na hlsfprhp! fa bhlfpm f{rnpî ftflrm bf phf{em, Fa cvrvpm {hfiwpf f{ hlkhfprm x wmp f{rn pnzûl fa bhlfpm {hfiwpf {f f{rî npphf{enlbm, Fa dfkdm bf knakvanp vln{ enlnlkhn{ cvrvpn{! n wf{np bf dn`fp pfnahznbm vl nlîah{h{ wpmcvlbm! lm n{fevpn lfkf{nphniflrf ~vf f{n{ vrhahbnbf{ {f snxnl n enlnp! rna kmim {f dnxn knakvanbm, Fa wpmwû{hrm bf f{rn wpmwvf{rn f{ wpmcvlbhznp fl an hlsfp{hûl fl ‑Nepm)fiwpf{n Mkdmn’! wmp faam fl è{rf wpf{flrf rpn`njm vlhsfp{hrnphm im{rpnpf fl ~vè kml{h{rf x am{
bhcfpflrf{ fafiflrm{ bf f{rn wpmwvf{rn bf hlsfp{hûl ~vf {f bf`fl pfnahznp {h {f ~vhfpf hlsfprhp fl bhkdn fiwpf{n kml an chlnahbnb bf pflrn`hahznp an hlsfp{hûl! n{é kmim an{ bhcfpflrf{ dfppnihflrn{ chlnlkhfpn{ ~vf {f wvfbfl v{np wnpn cnkhahrnp fa nlîah{h{ bf bfkh{hmlf{,
Lmrn Wnpn ié pfbnkrnp f{rn wpmwvf{rn if dn bnbm an mwmprvlhbnb bf niwahnp ih{ kphrfphm{ x kmlmkhihflrm{! fl f{wfkhna wmp~vf fa {fkrmp enlnbfpm fpn vl îpfn fl an ~vf lm dn`én hlkvp{hmlnbm {hflbm bf ivkdm `flfchkhm nknbèihkm bîlbmif vln kmlkfwkhûl iî{ niwahn {m`pf am{ bhcfpflrf{ {fkrmpf{ bf lfemkhm{ ~vf fth{rfl fl an pfehûl x fl an{ ~vf {f wvfbf hlsfprhp
Kml{hbfpnkhmlf{ chlnaf{ An nkrhshbnb nepmwfkvnphn fl Evnrfinan f{ pflrn`af n wf{np bf an{ ivkdn{ bhchkvarnbf{ ~vf lmpinaiflrf wpf{flrn, Ifpknbm{! kahin! cnarn bf wmaérhkn{ nepmwfkvnphn{ wfpinlflrf{! kni`hm{ fl fa {h{rfin rph`vrnphm f hlf{rn`hahbnb wmaérhkn {ml an{ iî{ hiwmprnlrf{, An bhsfp{hchknkhûl bf an{ pfehmlf{ bf wpmbvkkhûl ifbhnlrf an vrhahznkhûl bf bh{rhlrm{ wpmkf{m{ wpmbvkrhsm{ fl bhsfp{n{ èwmkn{ fl an hlkav{hûl bf an nkrhshbnb enlnbfpn! an fkmlmién bf f{knan ~vf {f naknlzn kml an wnprhkhwnkhûl bf ivkdm{ hlsfp{mpf{ x an narn wpmcf{hmlnahznkhûl bf an nkrhshbnb! {ml am{ whanpf{ ~vf {v{rflrnl lvf{rpn wpmwvf{rn,
Nlftm{ PF[VIFL BFA F[RVBHM BF IFPKNBM
F{rf pf{vifl bfa f{rvbhm bf ifpknbm f{ an an bfrfpihlnkhûl bf an mcfprn x bfinlbn! bf am{ wpfkhm{! an f{rpnrfehn kmifpkhna, Ifrmbmaûehkniflrf! am{ n{wfkrm{ fl fa F{rvbhm bf Ifpknbm ~vf df pf{vihbm {ml:> Fa kml{vihbmp bfa ifpknbm ifpknbm x bfa wpmxfkrm fth{rflrf fth{rflrf 0 An bfinlbn bfa ifpknbm x bfa wpmxfkrm fth{rf ; An kmiwfrflkhn x an{ mcfprn{ bfa ifpknbm x bfa wpmxfkrm {ml lvifpm{n{ wfpm na lm {nrh{cnkfp an bfinlbn rmrna lm pfwpf{flrnl vln `nppfpn bf flrpnbn 2 Kmifpkhnahznkhûl bfa enlnbm,
FA KML[VIHBMP CHLNA: Nlnahznlbm fa kml{vihbmp evnrfinarfkm flkmlrpnim{ ~vf {v{ dî`hrm{ bf kml{vim {f knpnkrfphznl wmp {v wpfcfpflkhn n wpmbvkrm{ bf `njm wpfkhm bf`hbm n an{ kmlbhkhmlf{ fkmlûihkn{ bfa wné{! an{ imrhsnkhmlf{ fl f{rf wpmxfkrm rpnrnl bf m`rflfp vln `n{f `n{f wnpn an f{rpnrfehn kmifpkhna bf snamp snamp nepfenbm $enlnbm {navbn`af wmp ifbhm bf {vwafiflrm{(, An Bfinlbn bfa enlnbm: An kvnlrhchknkhûl bf an lfkf{hbnb pfna bf am{ bfphsnbm{ bfa enlnbm $afkdf! knplf( bf an wm`ankhûl bf narn Sfpnwnz f{ narn! fa wmbfp nb~vh{hrhsm {fih)narm bfa kahflrf$fa ~vf rpnl{cmpin fa enlnbm fl wpmbvkrm{ rfpihlnbm{(wnpn kmiwpnp fa enlnbm $enlnbm ~vf Nepm Mkdmn dn flempbnbm( ~vf {nrh{cnen bhkdn{ lfkf{hbnbf{ bf an wm`ankhûl f{ nkmpbf n am{ wpfkhm{ bf sflrn bf f{rn fiwpf{n,
BH[RPH@VKHÛL X RHWMAMEÉN BF AM[ KAHFLRF: Fl fa wpmxfkrm {f rhflf ~vf {fþnanp an{ knpnkrfpé{rhkn{ bf am{ kahflrf{ ~vf bfinlbnl x-m bfinlbnpîl fa enlnbm fl fbnb {ml bf flrpf am{ 04 x 60 nþm{ n vl 40& in{kvahlm x >4& cfiflhlm n vln wm`ankhûl kfpkn bfa 07!777 wfp{mln{ fl an v`hknkhûl efmepîchkn narn sfpnwnkfl{f kml vl lhsfa bf f{kmanphbnb ifbhm x vl {rnrv{ {mkhna {mkhna ifbhm narm narm x narm! narm! x ~vf wm{ffl an knwnkhbnb bf rpnl{cmpinp n wpmbvkrm{ rfpihlnbm{ Kmiwmprnihflrm nkrvna : df hbflrhchknbm n am{ bfinlbnlrf{ bfa enlnbm! kfpkn bf >77 kn`fzn{ bf enlnbm f{rîl fl knwnkhbnb bf nb~vhphp x {f {fþnan an cpfkvflkhn bf kmiwpn bf 0 sfkf{ ifl{vnaf{
Cpnkkhûl bf an bfinlbn ~vf nrflbfpî fa wpmxfkrm: fa wpmxfkrm f{rî fl an knwnkhbnb bf {nrh{cnkfp bf 47 n 87 kn`fzn{ bf enlnbm {fif{rpnaf{, Cnkrmpf{ ~vf kmlbhkhmlnl an
bfinlbn cvrvpn: am{ cnkrmpf{ ~vf kmlbhkhmlnl am{ wfbhbm{, @njm{ wpfkhm! knahbnb, 03
Bh{rph`vkhûl x rhwmameén bf am{ mcfpflrf{: fl an pfehûl {f flkvflrpnl amknahznbm{ lvifpm{n{ fiwpf{n{ x enlnbfpm{ kvxn{ knpnkrfpé{rhkn{ bf kmiwfrflkhn fl fa ifpknbm {ml wpfkhm{ {hihanpf{ x niwahn ftwfphflkhn, Kmiwmprnihflrm nkrvna: am{ cnkrmpf{ ~vf hlcavxfl fl fa kmiwmprnihflrm bfa enlnbm x {v mcfprn f{ ~vf lm f{ f{rnkhmlna
Cavjm bf Cmlbm{ Fa {hevhflrf f{ fa cavjm bf cmlbm{ m`rflhbm fl fa wphifp khkam x bf`f {fp rminbm ifpniflrf cmpina x m`jfrhsm wnpn bnplm{ kvflrn bf an wmrflkhnahbnb bfa lfemkhm! kmlmkhflbm ~vf fa ih{im snphnpn nþm n nþm fl cvlkhûl bf bhsfp{m{ cnkrmpf{ $kahiîrhkm{! lhsfaf{ bf wpfkhm{! mwmprvlhbnbf{ bf ifpknbm! frk,(
05
IF[
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> 0 ; 2 6 3 5 4 8 >7 >> >0 INX JVL JVA NEM [FW MKR LMS BHK FLF CF@ INP N@P )224533 )>;3027 )>>0;35 )0>777 )>75242 )53588 )>68457 );2;53 )6885 )033672 )>6>>3 );;;,244 )>806>5 )>6>3 )007 7 );>83 )0275 )66;6 )>032 7 )883 )>47 )>>350 )335> )687 )>07 )>47 7 )>560 )4055 )205; )887 7 )4777 )8563 )>70;> 888> )55 )634
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)>5>7 )484
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NWÈLBHKF Fa Wpmbvkrm Hbflrhchknkhûl bfa wpmbvkrm An bf{kphwkhûl iî{ ftnkrn bf an{ knpnkrfpé{rhkn{ bf f{rf wpmxfkrm am wvfbm hlbhknp ~vf f{ fa kmiwpnp
NWÈLBHKF Fa Wpmbvkrm Hbflrhchknkhûl bfa wpmbvkrm An bf{kphwkhûl iî{ ftnkrn bf an{ knpnkrfpé{rhkn{ bf f{rf wpmxfkrm am wvfbm hlbhknp ~vf f{ fa kmiwpnp lmshaam{ wnpn fa wpmkf{m bf flempbf x wm{rfphmp sflrn
F{wfkhchknkhmlf{ rèklhkn{: An{ f{wfkhchknkhmlf{ bf nrpnfp knwhrna f{ wnpn hlsfprhpam fl an{ nkrhshbnbf{ bfa lfemkhm! x ifjmpnp an{ sflrn{ wmp ifbhm bfa wpmkf{m bf {vwafiflrnkhûl bf an rhfppn! bfa enlnbm! pmrnkhûl bf wmrpfpm{ ~vf n ifbhbn ~vf {f narfplnl am{ wmrpfpm{ wfpihrfl an pfeflfpnkhûl bfa wn{rm
@h`ahmepncén [HRHM[ UF@ >
drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame{wmr,kmi-0775 {wmr,kmi-0775->7-kmlkfwrm ->7-kmlkfwrm,dria ,dria
0
drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame{wmr,kmi-0775 {wmr,kmi-0775->7-fl)an)fiwpf{n,dria ->7-fl)an)fiwpf{n,dria
;
drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame{wmr,kmi-0775 {wmr,kmi-0775->7-frnwn{,dri ->7-frnwn{,driaa
2
drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame{wmr,kmi-0775 {wmr,kmi-0775->7-mpenlhznkhml)bfa)wpmxf ->7-mpenlhznkhml)bfa)wpmxfkrm,dria krm,dria
6
drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame drrw:--wpmhlsfp{hml,`ame{wmr,kmi-0775-> {wmr,kmi-0775->7-fa)phf{em)fl)vl)wpmxfk 7-fa)phf{em)fl)vl)wpmxfkrm,dria rm,dria
3
drrw:--chle,vlkv,fbv,np-knrfb drrw:--chle,vlkv,fbv,np-knrfbpn{-hlbv{rphna-wpmxf pn{-hlbv{rphna-wpmxfkrm{-npkdhsm krm{-npkdhsm{-wpmxfkrm-knw>) {-wpmxfkrm-knw>) hlrpmbvkkhml,wbc
5
drrw:--uuu,hh,hrf{m,i drrw:--uuu,hh,hrf{m,it-wpmx&07hls-Hl t-wpmx&07hls-Hlrpmbvkkhml,d rpmbvkkhml,dri ri
4
drrw:--dria,phlkmlbfas drrw:--dria,phlkmlbfasnem,kmi-wpmxfkrm)bf)hlsf nem,kmi-wpmxfkrm)bf)hlsfp{hml,dria p{hml,dria
8
drrw:--uuu,hluflr,m drrw:--uuu,hluflr,mpe,wf-bmk{-kmlbmpfb pe,wf-bmk{-kmlbmpfb-evhn{-evhn0n)ifrmbmameh -evhn{-evhn0n)ifrmbmamehn)wpmxfkrm{) n)wpmxfkrm{) hlsfp{hml,wbc
>7
drrw:--uuu,imlmepnchn{,kmi drrw:--uuu,imlmepnchn{,kmi-rpn`njm{>3-wpmxf -rpn`njm{>3-wpmxfkrm)hlsfp{hml-wpmx krm)hlsfp{hml-wpmxfkrm) fkrm) hlsfp{hml,{dria+HLRPM
>>
drrw:--uuu,imlmepnchn{,kmi drrw:--uuu,imlmepnchn{,kmi-rpn`njm{;6-kmi -rpn`njm{;6-kmiwmlflrf{)wpmxfkrm-kmi wmlflrf{)wpmxfkrm-kmiwmlflrf{) wmlflrf{) wpmxfkrm,{dria=imlm{fnpkd
>0
drrw:--uuu,wpmimlfemkhm drrw:--uuu,wpmimlfemkhm{,lfr-wpmxfkrm {,lfr-wpmxfkrm-kmlkfwrm)wpmxfkrm,dria -kmlkfwrm)wpmxfkrm,dria
>;
drrw:--uuu,ef{rhmwmah drrw:--uuu,ef{rhmwmah{,kmi-knlnaf{-chl {,kmi-knlnaf{-chlnlkhfpn-nprhkvam{-25-{h nlkhfpn-nprhkvam{-25-{hxlm,dri xlm,dri
>2
drrw:--uuu,ef{rhmwmah drrw:--uuu,ef{rhmwmah{,kmi-knlnaf{-chl {,kmi-knlnaf{-chlnlkhfpn-nprhkvam{-20-h nlkhfpn-nprhkvam{-20-hlsfp{hmlf{wanl lsfp{hmlf{wanl,dri ,dri
>6
drrw:--uuu,ef{rhmwmah drrw:--uuu,ef{rhmwmah{,kmi-knlnaf{-chl {,kmi-knlnaf{-chlnlkhfpn-nprhkvam{-;0-bmlbf nlkhfpn-nprhkvam{-;0-bmlbf,dri ,dri
>3
drrw:--uuu,ef{rhmwmah drrw:--uuu,ef{rhmwmah{,kmi-knlnaf{;-chl {,kmi-knlnaf{;-chl-chlwpmhls,dri -chlwpmhls,dri
UF@ [KPH@B >5
Nihmr! J, >88>, Khflkhn x rfklmameén bf an afkdf, Fbhrmphna Nkph`hn,, F{wnþn,
>4
Kflznlm! H, >844, Fan`mpnkhûl! nlîah{h{ x kmlrpma Fbhkhmlf{ N, Inbphb Shkflrf,,,
>8
Eûifz Wn{rpnln! J,! [nlrhnem! C, X Inbphb! J, I, >882, NIS Fbhkhmlf{ x Ivlbh) Wpfl{n Ah`pm{ [,N, Inbphb, F{wnþn,
07
Wnhlf! C, >882, Inlvna, Fbhkhmlf{ N, Inbphb Shkflrf, Inbphb, F{wnþn,
0>
Rhii! Rhii! Cphrz, Cp hrz, >848, Cn`phknkhûl Cn `phknkhûl,, Fbhrmphna Nkph`hn, Znpnemzn, F{wnþn,
00
Snplni! Nanl Nanl D, >886,
wpmbvkrm{: rfklmameén! ~véihkn , Fbhrmphna Fbhrmphna Nkph`hn,
Znpnemzn, F{wnþn, ;7
