PHN# 80
KCMOYBF FWPFGKHL
Avf}fw 96 jf Bh{o jf 900=
LH YF]OLVGK×C JF BH[O FC LH YFJVGGK×C EKLBF
LOW JÂHW JF LH PLHQH JF BH[O Poy Nvkllfybo Jhckfl Øèøfq }khgvgo@nbhkl#gob Low bhcvhlfw jf dkwzoykh yfpkzfc dhwzh fl ghcwhcgko xvf fl 96 jf bh{o jf 8480 chgf cvfwzyh phzykh { wfnñc fwf gykzfyko, zojow low høow wf mfwzfah goc ghczow { fwghyhpf" lhw# Phyh lh dkwzoykonyhmâh lkifyhl, Bh{o mvf vch yf}olvgk÷c wfphyh" zkwzh, kcjfpfcjfczkwzh, hczkdkw" pèckgh, jkyknkjh h }kcgvlhycow hl bfyghjo bvcjkhl# Dh{ hlnvchw pyfnvczhw ¿mvkbow kcjfpfcjkfczfw gobo phâw, jfwjf hxvfllh mfgdh dhwzh do{? ¿Lh Phzykh fw lkiyf o wolhbfczf fl vwo jf hlnvcow wâb" iolow gobo lh ihcjfyh, fl dkbco { fl fwgvjo? ¿poy xvë jfglhyhbow lh kcjfpfcjfcgkh wfkw høow bèw zhy" jf? Lh plhqh jf Bh{o fw wkc lvnhy h jvjhw fl gfczyo jfl pojfy poy jocjf zyhcwgvyyf lh dkwzoykh hynfc" zkch# Bv{ gfygh fc lh hczknvh yf" jvggk÷c jf low kcjkow Xvklbfw, dhiâh vc fgo jf hxvfllh yf}olvgk÷c xvf wf dhgf cfgfwhyko gocogfy# H pykcgkpkow jf 8480, lh yf}olv" gk÷c jfbogyèzkgh fwphøolh, fc" myfczhjh h lh ogvphgk÷c myhcgfwh fc nyhc phyzf jf lh pfcâcwvlh, nkyh h lh jfyfgdh fc wv oynhckwbo jkyk" nfczf $fw yffbplhqhjh lh Avczh Gfczyhl poy fl Gocwfao jf Yfnfc" gkh+# Fwzf dfgdo dhgf xvf wf oy" nhckgfc Avczhw Popvlhyfw fc zojh Hbëykgh, phyh hwâ yfwnvhyjhy zhc" zo fl pyop÷wkzo jf ghbiko, gobo lh f}fczvhlkjhj jf ghfy fc bhcow jf low myhcgfwfw wk Chpolf÷c zykvcmh jfmkckzk}hbfczf# Fl 98 jf bh{o, bkfczyhw fl gh" ikljo wfwkoch, bèw jf =00 pfy" wochw, hghvjkllhjhw poy Myfcgd { Ifyvzzk, ogvphc lh plhqh yfglh" bhcjo Ghikljo Hikfyzo# ]hc hy" bhjow jf pvøhlfw { pkwzolhw, wf hvzozkzvlhc “Lh lfnk÷c kcmfybhl‒ { lvgfc gobo fbilfbh, fc fl wobiyfyo, fl yfzyhzo jf Mfychc"
jo ]KK avczo h vch gkczh ilhcgh fc wføhl jf vck÷c fczyf hbfyk" ghcow { fwphøolfw# Woc “gdkwpfyow‒ { “bhcolow‒ jf low hyyhihlfw, jkgf Phvl Nyovwwhg# Fl Wâcjkgo nfwzkoch wf goc}o" xvf h Ghikljo Hikfyzo phyh fl 99 jf bh{o { hwâ xvfjh yfwvflzo# Fl 99 jf bh{o wf yfñcf fl Ghikl" jo Hikfyzo# Wf kbpykbfc =60 kc}k" zhgkocfw pfyo w÷lo wf yfphyzfc :60 { mkchlbfczf gocgvyyfc 968 pfywo" chw# Fl }kyyf{ ftplkgh, lvfno, xvf “zfbkfcjo low kcwvlzow { hñc }ko" lfcgkhw, jfikjo hl kccvbfyhilf cñbfyo jf kcg÷nckzow xvf fc}vfl" zow fc wvw ghpozfw { hybhjow jf pkwzolhw { whilfw, phwfhihc fc zoyco h lh plhqh hyyfjyhcjo h lh nfczf, ivfch phyzf jfl }fgkcjhyko yfdvw÷ hwkwzky‒# Poy ozyh phyzf, gocgvyyfc bvgdow xvf co pfyzf" cfgfc h “lh nfczf jfgfczf‒ pvfw Jochjo, h ghyno jf lh kbpyfczh, kbpykbf { yfphyzf fczyf low phyzk" jhykow wviyfpzkgkhbfczf, lhw fw"
xvflhw cfgfwhykhw# Jf hllâ xvf “goc" gvyykfwfc myhvjvlfczhbfczf bv" gdow pvlpfyow, zhlhihyzfyow, dob" iyfw kncoyhjow‒ { vc zfwzkno wf" øhlh xvf “wf }oz÷ h nvwzo jf lh gdvwbh‒# Fl yfwvlzhjo jf lh }ozhgk÷c jf fwf Ghikljo Hikfyzo wf gocogf fc lh bhøhch jfl 97 { wknckmkgh lh gfwh" gk÷c jfl }kyyf{ { lh jflfnhgk÷c fc fl Ghikljo jf lh hzykivgk÷c jf moy" bhy lh cvf}h Avczh# Chgf hwâ lh bhckoiyh oynhckqhjh poy fl Wâcjkgo Lfk}h {h xvf fl Gh" ikljo, jfwpvëw jf gfwhczfhy hl ]k" yyf{, cobiyh vch Avczh kczfnyhjh poy Whh}fjyh { Ghwzfllk fc yfpyf" wfczhgk÷c jf low yf}olvgkochykow { poy fl gvyh Wolè { fl gobfygkhczf Kcgdèvyyfnvk5 fc cobiyf jfl hiwo" lvzkwbo, pfyo kcgoypoyh, gobo xvkc" zo kczfnyhczf { ghifqh jf lh Avczh, hl pyopko ]kyyf{ Gkwcfyow# Fc lh cogdf jfl 97, fl wâcjkgo Lfk}h kcmoybh h low afmfw bklkzhyfw hgfygh jfl cvf}o noikfyco xvf wf
dhiyè jf kcwzhlhy { lfw oiwfxvkh vc yfloa h ghjh vco { gkfc pfwow phyh lh zyoph, hvcxvf lh }fywk÷c xvf goyyf fw xvf fl gobhcjhczf Bhy" zâc Yojyânvfq jfcvcgk÷ xvf wf fw" zhih hybhcjo vch zyhkgk÷c hl Gh" ikljo Hikfyzo# LOW YF]OLVGKOCHYKOW
Low yf}olvgkochykow hgfpzhc kck" gkhlbfczf lo hgzvhjo, hvcxvf hl" nvcow gobo Boyfco { Phcgdo Plh" cfw bhckmkfwzhc wv kcjknchgk÷c { wf yfzkyhc# Pvfjf pyfwvbkywf xvf fc fwf bobfczo wf pyojvgf fl fc" gvfczyo fczyf fl boyfckwbo bèw monowo { low gdkwpfyow jf lh “lf" nk÷c kcmfychl‒ Myfcgd, Ifyvzzk, Ghy" joqo, Jochjo, Jvpv{, Oybh, { low gvyhw Nyflh { Hphykgko xvf woc lh gocftk÷c dhgkh lh ihwf popvlhy# H lhw zyfw jf lh zhyjf jfl jâh 9:, avyh lh Avczh zyhbpowh vyjkjh poy fl wâcjkgo, goc lh hxvkfwgfcgkh jfl wfgzoy jfbogyèzkgo bojfyhjo { fwpfgkhlbfczf jf Whh}fjyh# Pfyo, hl bkwbo zkfbpo, low ihcjow pfnh" jow poy oyjfc jfl Ghikljo woc hyyhcghjow { pkwozfhjow poy dob" iyfw jfl pvfilo, bkfczyhw hlnvcow pfocfw xvf low fwzèc pfnhcjo fc lhw phyfjfw, woc hzhghjow poy lh
nfczf, wfnñc yfgvfyjh ]kgfczf Mk" jfl L÷pfq# Hllâ fwzèc low gdkwpfyow xvkfcfw xvfbhc jkgdow ihcjow { goc}oghc h bhckmfwzhy wv jkwnvw" zo phyh fl jâh wknvkfczf# Boyfco hyfcnh h low woljhjow# Fl gvyh Hphykgko, goc pkwzolh hl gkczo, hck" bh h lhw zyophw# Lh ghwh jfl Mkwghl ]kllozh fw hpfjyfhjh# Hczf lh gyfgkfczf bo}klkqhgk÷c popvlhy, fl 9: h lh cogdf wf yfñcf lh avczh yfcvcgkhcjo Ghwzfllk { Whh" }fjyh lo xvf oilknh h lh jkwolvgk÷c jfl noikfyco, phwhcjo fl pojfy, cvf}hbfczf, h bhcow jfl Ghikljo# Fl 96 poy lh bhøhch, fl Ghikljo wf yfñcf, pfyo fc lh plhqh hvbfczh lh pyfwfcgkh jf lh nfczf# Low gdkwpfyow yfphyzfc hdoyh gkczhw fcghychjhw, fc wføhl jf }kolfcgkh# Fc fwf glkbh, fl Ghikljo jfgkjf goc" }oghy h lh mvfyqh hybhjh phyh xvf yfpykbh h low yf}olzowow { wowzfc" nh fc fl pojfy h lh Avczh gyfhjh fl jâh 9:, pfyo hpfchw wf jkmvcjf lh cozkgkh, lh bvlzkzvj ogvph lh ghwh ghpkzvlhy# Lh fcghifqhc Myfcgd, Gdkglhch, fl phjyf Nyflh, Ifyvzzk, Plhcfw { ozyow a÷}fcfw hyjoyowow f kczyhcwknfczfw# Fl wâcjkgo Lfk}h zyhzh jf goczf" cfylow, wolkgkzhcjo xvf fczyf w÷lo
KCMOYBF FWPFGKHL
Avf}fw 96 jf Bh{o jf 900=
PHN# 88
bogyèzkghw $ogvyykjhw fczyf 840; { 8488+, ihao lh kcmlvfcgkh jf lh fwph" øolh { lh myhcgfwh" wf goc}kfyzfc fc chgkochlfw o kcjfpfcjfczkwzhw $h phyzky jf 848:+ gvhcjo myhghwh fl pyogfwo fwphøol, wf hcvlh lh Gocw" zkzvgk÷c pyonyfwkwzh jf Gèjkq { wf yfkcwzhlh fl hiwolvzkwbo# LH YF]OLVGK×C LLFNH H XVKLBFW
vch jflfnhgk÷c h goc}fywhy# Lfk}h fwgvgdh low yfglhbow { wolkgkzh lh opkck÷c jf low gobhcjhczfw xvf wf jfglhyhc h mh}oy jfl pvfilo# Low ghikljhczfw jfgkjfc fczocgfw, gobo ñlzkbh ghyzh, flkbkchy hl }k" yyf{ jf lh avczh zyhbpowh pfyo bhc" zfcfy h low gvhzyo yfwzhczfw bkfb" iyow, bkfczyhw low nykzow hzyvfchc jfwjf lh plhqh ftknkfcjo “whify jf xvë wf zyhzh‒# Coyifyzo Nhlhwwo lo yfzyhzh fthg" zhbfczf1 “Low ghikljhczfw yfglh" bhc, fczocgfw, vch pyfwfczhgk÷c poy fwgykzo# Wf pyfwfczh vc jogv" bfczo goc low kczfnyhczfw jf lh Avczh, mkybhjo poy :0; pfywochw { jow mkybhw1 lh jf Ifyvzzk { Myfcgd, hnyfnhcjo hbiow “Poy bâ { h cob" iyf jf wfkwgkfczow‒# Lfk}h, hj}ky" zkfcjo xvf hczf lhw jklhgkocfw go" bkfcqh h yhlfhy lh nfczf jf lh Plhqh , pyfzfcjf jfwghlkmkghy fl bo}kbkfc bo}kbkfc"" zo pyfnvczhcjo1 “¿J÷cjf fwzè fl pvfilo?‒# Pfyo fwzo golbh lh ph" gkfcgkh### fl Ghikljo wf cfnhih h pyoglhbhy lh lkwzh jf ghcjkjhzow pyopvfwzh poy fl pvfilo, bèw, fc" zyhcjo goc pkwzolhw { pvøhl fc bhco }hykow mhggkocfw fc lh Whlh Ghpkzvlhy, lf oilknhyoc h xvf goc" jfwgfcjkfyh goc wvw jfwfow# #Hwâ ghf fl hiwolvzkwbo { chgf lh Pykbf" yh Avczh# Jf vch bhcfyh bèw èwpf" yh { goc bfcow ivfcow bojhlfw xvf low xvf yflhzh lh }kfah dkwzoykh# Dh zykvcmhjo fl wfgzoy ahgoikco { Bhykhco Boyfco fw fl dobiyf mvfy" zf jfl cvf}o noikfyco‒# LHW PYFNVCZHW NHLHWWO
JF
¿Poy xvë, wk lh yf}olvgk÷c fyh kc" jfpfcjfczkwzh, co jfglhy÷ lh kcjf" pfcjfcgkh wkco xvf lh pyoglhb÷ yfgkëc = høow jfwpvëw, fc gocjk" gkocfw bvcjkhlfw bvgdo bèw jfw" mh}oyhilfw xvf lhw jf 8480? ¿G÷bo fw powkilf xvf low bkfbiyow jf lh Pykbfyh Avczh jf Bh{o avyhwfc poy
Mfychcjo ]KK? ¿Wk fl bo}kbkfczo chgâh “poy ojko h Fwphøh‒, gobo wføhlh Bkzyf fc lhw pykbfyhw pènk" chw jf wv ikonyhmâh jf Whc Bhyzâc, poy xvë jow fwphøolfw $Bhzdfv { Lhyyfh+ kczfnyhihc lh Pykbfyh Avc" zh? ¿Gobo fw fwzo jf xvf ckcnñc zfwzkno }k÷ lhw gkczhw gflfwzfw { ilhcghw jf xvf dhilh Bkzyf, wkco, fc ghbiko, gkczhw ilhcghw, low pyk" bfyow jâhw, fc wføhl jf phq { gkc" zhw yoahw, fl 96, hbfchqhcjo whc" nyf? ¿Gvèl fw lh yhq÷c poy lh gvhl lh ihcjfyh fwphøolh goczkcv÷ mlhbf" hcjo fc fl Mvfyzf { ozyhw kcwzkzv" gkocfw omkgkhlfw dhwzh 848:? ¿Xvë ftplkghgk÷c dh{ xvf jhylf hl yfnyf" wo jf Whc Bhyzâc ‗vc “nhllfno‒ xvf fwzv}o fc Fwphøh jfwjf low = dhwzh low 77 høow { jko 70 ihzhllhw gobo bklkzhy fwphøol‗ phyh }fcky hl Yâo jf lh Plhzh h wvbhywf h vch yf}olvgk÷c hczkfwphøolh? ¿Fyhc fcfbknow jf Fwphøh low dobiyfw jf Bh{o, h pfwhy jf xvf ghwk zo" jow fllow zfcâhc phjyfw fwphøolfw f kcglvwo jfwfbpføhihc ghynow fc lh ivyogyhgkh fwzhzhl? Low dkw" zoykhjoyfw jkwgâpvlow jf Bkzyf dhc kczfczhjo, jf vch v ozyh bhcfyh, yfwpocjfy h hlnvcow jf fwzow kc" zfyyonhczfw, goc hynvbfczow xvf
wk yfwvlzhihc bèw o bfcow hgfpzh" ilfw fc 8440, do{ jfifc wfy ghlkmk" ghjow jf pvfyklfw# Pvfjf hmkybhywf xvf bkfczyhw, fc Fwphøh, lh yf}olvgk÷c "kckgkhlbfc" zf chgkochl fc zhczo pvnch poy yf" gdhqhy hl kc}hwoy chpolf÷ckgo " wf zyhcwmoybh fc jfbogyèzkgh h phyzky jfl fwzhllkjo popvlhy { lh moybh" gk÷c jf Avczhw $8404+, fc Hbëykgh, lhw yf}olvgkocfw "kckgkhlbfczf jf"
Hl gobfcqhy fl høo 8480, goc 49; ekl÷bfzyow gvhjyhjow, wf fcgoczyh" ih lh Yfjvggk÷c jf low Xvklbfw, goc wvw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jf qoch pyodkikjh ‗hl bfcow zf÷ykghbfc" zf‗ phyh xvkfcfw co mvfwfc jfw" gfcjkfczfw jkyfgzow jf low kcjkow Xvklbfw, wf fcgoczyhih fl ñckgo gfczyo poilhjo jfl phyzkjo, fl pvf" ilo jf Xvklbfw, goc wvw ghyhgzf" yâwzkghw yfwzykgzk}hw5 fyh fl ñckgo pvfilo gfyghco h Ivfcow Hkyfw fc wv phyzf wvy { h fwzh ihcjh jfl Ykh" gdvflo5 lf wfnvâhc lh pfxvføh po" ilhgk÷c jf lh Fcwfchjh hwâ gobo lh jf Whc ]kgfczf, mvfyh jfl phyzkjo jf Xvklbfw# Lh poilhgk÷c zozhl jfl phyzkjo fyh jf 400 dhikzhczfw fc 8408 { jf 8#960 fc 84875 co wf jkwpocf jf gkmyhw phyh fl høo 8480 o wvw bèw kcbf" jkhzow phyh fl zozhl jfl phyzkjo# Lh yfjvggk÷c kcjkh, fl ñckgo poilhjo, zfcâh 98= dhikzhczfw fc 8489, ¥low xvf moybhihc hpyotkbhjhbfczf fl cñbfyo jf mhbklkhw xvf ftkwzâh fc 8>;4µ, jkgf Woyw5 fwzh gkmyh, poy lo zhczo, pvfjf hgfpzhywf phyh 8480# Wv joilf ghyègzfy jf phyzkjo { jf yfjvggk÷c h lh }fq, hwâ g obo wv powkgk÷c bklkzhy myfczf h lh ihyyhc" gh, gfygh jfl yâo jf lh Plhzh, fc vc lvnhy jf lh gowzh xvf pfybkzâh mègkl
hggfwo jfwjf fl hnvh ghwk h bfjko ghbkco jf lh Fcwfchjh jf Ihyyh" nèc, jfzfybkc÷ xvf Xvklbfw# Fc fwf høo jf lh Yf}olvgk÷c jf Bh{o, fyh hlghljf jf dfybhcjhj Bhcvfl Nhybfcjk, jfpfcjkfczf jfl Ghikljo jf Ivfcow Hkyfw5 gvyh pè" yyogo Whczkhno Yk}hw, jfgkjkjo phyzkjhyko jf wvpykbky lh yfjvggk÷c5 fc gvhczo h lhw hvzoykjhjfw jfl ghikljo kcjko xvf jfiâh yfnky low jfwzkcow jf lh poilhgk÷c { poy lo zhczo jfl pvfilo jf Xvklbfw, jfgâh Yk}hw fc 84801 ¥Fw ikfc cozoyko xvf co ftkwzfc bèw xvf zyfw mhbk" lkhw jf chgk÷c Xvklbfw, pvfw hvc fc low xvf oizkfcfc fbplfow $jfl Ghikljo+ xvf woc gvhzyo, low zyfw woc jf ozyhw ghwzhw, { fwzow hlzfy" chc zojow low høow fc gocmoybk" jhj, xvf "fl xvf jfah jf wfy hlghljf phwh pyfgkwhbfczf h yfnkjoy, o poy fl goczyhyko, gvhcjo co wknvf jow høow fc powfwk÷c jfl bkwbo ghy" no, gobo wvgfjf hgzvhlbfczfµ# Fc fl oyjfc bklkzhy, fl zfckfczf goyocfl Nocqhlo jf Joilhw mvf cobiyhjo gobhcjhczf jf lh poilh" gk÷c { moyzhlfqh jf low Xvklbfw goc
¿XVKËCFW [ G×BO ]OZHYOC? ]OZOW JF DHIKZHCZFW JFL PHNO JF XVKLBFW FL 99 JF BH[O JF 8480
H mh}oy jfl ]kyyf{ Avhc Hcjyëw jf Hyyo{o, goczhjoy bh{oy jfl Yfhl Zykivchl jf Gvfczhw5 Avlkèc jfl Bolkco Zoyyfw, gobfygkhczf5 Myhc" gkwgo A# Pkqqhyyo, goyocfl5 Aowë Bhyâh Boyfl { Pëyfq, gobfygkhczf5 Aowë Moychnvfyh, goyocfl5 ZOZHL 6 }ozow
Fc goczyh jfl ]kyyf{ Avhc Ghch}fyk, Bhykhco Fgdhivyv, fwgykihco5 Hnvwzâc P# jf Flâh, hionhjo5 Myhcgkwgo Lfzhbfcjk, gobfygkhczf5 Zoykiko Bkfy, gobfygkhczf { dhgfcjhjo5 Mloyo Qhbvjko Gdh}hyyâh, ghpkzèc5 Myhcgkwgo Plhcfw, ghzfjyèzkgo5 Bhcvfl Oilknhjo, gobfygkhczf5 Aohxvâc Ghbphch, hionhjo5 ]kgfczf Jvpv{5 Aowë Hczocko jf Fgdfchnvgâh5 Bhyzâc Yojyânvfq, zfckfczf goyocfl5 Pfjyo Ghpjf}klh, gobfygkhczf5 ZOZHL 87 }ozow Avhc Ihvzkwzh Ozhbfcjk, pyfwfczf fc fl hgzo, co jko wv }ozo
PHN# 89
hczfykoykjhj hl 89 jf co}kfbiyf jf 840> { goczkcv÷ fc wv ghyno dhwzh wv mhllfgkbkfczo yfpfczkco fc 4 jf fcfyo jf 840;5 wf kncoyh poy hdoyh xvkfc lo yffbplhq÷, pfyo goc yfmf" yfcgkh h 8480, fc low jâhw jf bh{o, co dvio gobhcjhczf bklkzhy ck, hl phyfgfy, bklkgkhw5 wkc fbihyno, fc 8487, fl Ghcz÷c hczfw bfcgkochjo mvcgkoc÷ gobo gvhyzfl#
¿XVKËC FYH NHYBFCJK? Pyojvgkjow fc Ivfcow Hkyfw low hgoczfgkbkfczow jf lh wfbhch jf Bh{o, xvf gvlbkchyoc fc fl nlo" ykowo 96, llfn÷ h Xvklbfw, fc vch mfgdh hczfykoy hl 4 jf avcko wknvkfc" zf, vc omkgko { bèw jogvbfczow jhjow poy lh Wvpfykoy Avczh Nvify" chzk}h, jkao fc cozh jfl 89 jfl bkw" bo bfw fl hlghljf Nhybfcjk# Fwzf pfywochaf xvklbføo, h xvkfc lf go" yyfwpocjk÷ hgzvhy fc low jâhw jf
Bh{o fc fl oyjfc loghl, fyh vc mvfy" zf dhgfcjhjo goc pyopkfjhj gfy" gh jf lh hgzvhl fwzhgk÷c Iowxvfw# Chgkjo fc G÷yjoih, jf 7> høow fc 8480, ghwhjo goc Joyozfh Hyyo{o, jf hczknvh mhbklkh xvklbføh { 9= høow# Zfcâh fl bhzykbocko zyfw dk" aow pfxvføow# Fc wv ghbpo, vc cvbfyowo pfywochl1 zyfw cfnyow fwglh}ow hmykghcow, gvhzyo cfnyow fwglh}ow gykollow, jow fwglh}hw cf" nyhw phyhnvh{hw, gvhzyo pfocfw { vc bhzykbocko hnyfnhjo# Nhybfcjk yfgkif, wfnvyhbfczf, lhw gopkhw jf lh Pyoglhbh jf lh Avc" zh Pyo}kwkochl Nvifychzk}h, jfl 96 jf bh{o5 jf lh Kczkbhgk÷c jf oif"
KCMOYBF FWPFGKHL
Avf}fw 96 jf Bh{o jf 900=
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